TI1 LMV921 Single, dual and quad 1.8v, 1mhz, low power operational amplifier Datasheet

OBSOLETE
LMV921, LMV922, LMV924
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SNOS436H – AUGUST 2000 – REVISED APRIL 2013
LMV921/LMV922/LMV924 Single, Dual and Quad 1.8V, 1MHz, Low Power Operational
Amplifiers with Rail-To-Rail Input and Output
Check for Samples: LMV921, LMV922, LMV924
FEATURES
DESCRIPTION
•
The LMV921 Single/LMV922 Dual/LMV924 Quad are
ensured to operate from +1.8V to +5.0V supply
voltages and have rail-to-rail input and output. This
rail-to-rail operation enables the user to make full use
of the entire supply voltage range. The input common
mode voltage range extends 300mV beyond the
supplies and the output can swing rail-to-rail
unloaded and within 100mV from the rail with 600Ω
load at 1.8V supply. The LMV921/LMV922/LMV924
are optimized to work at 1.8V which make them ideal
for portable two-cell battery-powered systems and
single cell Li-Ion systems.
1
2
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
(Typical 1.8V Supply Values; Unless Otherwise
Noted)
Ensured 1.8V, 2.7V and 5V Specifications
Rail-to-Rail Input & Output Swing
w/600Ω Load 100 mV from Rail
w/2kΩ Load 30 mV from Rail
VCM 300mV Beyond Rails
Supply Current 145µA/amplifier
Gain Bandwidth Product 1MHz
LMV921 Maximum VOS 6mV
90dB Gain w/600Ω Load
LMV921 Available in Ultra Tiny, SC70-5
Package
LMV922 Available in VSSOP-8 Package
LMV924 Available in TSSOP-14 Package
APPLICATIONS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Cordless/Cellular Phones
Laptops
PDAs
PCMCIA
Portable/Battery-Powered Electronic
Equipment
Supply Current Monitoring
Battery Monitoring
The LMV921/LMV922/LMV924 exhibit excellent
speed-power ratio, achieving 1MHz gain bandwidth
product at 1.8V supply voltage with very low supply
current. The LMV921/LMV922/LMV924 are capable
of driving 600Ω load and up to 1000pF capacitive
load
with
minimal
ringing.
The
LMV921/LMV922/LMV924's high DC gain of 100dB
makes them suitable for low frequency applications.
The LMV921 (Single) is offered in a space saving
SC70–5 and SOT-23–5 packages. The SC70–5
package is only 2.0X2.1X1.0mm. These small
packages are ideal solutions for area constrained PC
boards and portable electronics such as cellphones
and PDAs.
spacer
Supply Current vs.
Supply Voltage (LMV921)
Output Voltage Swing vs.
Supply Voltage
Gain and Phase Margin
vs. Frequency
1
2
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of
Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.
Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas
Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not
necessarily include testing of all parameters.
Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
OBSOLETE
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SNOS436H – AUGUST 2000 – REVISED APRIL 2013
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These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam
during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (1) (2)
ESD Tolerance (3)
Machine Model
100V
Human Body Model
2000V
Differential Input Voltage
+
± Supply Voltage
−
Supply Voltage (V –V )
5.5V
Output Short Circuit to V+ (4)
Output Short Circuit to V− (4)
−65°C to 150°C
Storage Temperature Range
Junction Temperature (5)
150°C
Mounting Temp.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Infrared or Convection (20 sec)
235°C
Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for
which the device is intended to be functional, but specific performance is not ensured. For ensured specifications and the test
conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics.
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the TI Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications.
Human body model, 1.5 kΩ in series with 100pF. Machine model, 200Ω in series with 100 pF.
Applies to both single-supply and split-supply operation. Continuous short circuit operation at elevated ambient temperature can result in
exceeding the maximum allowed junction temperature of 150°C. Output currents in excess of 45mA over long term may adversely affect
reliability.
The maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(max) , θJA, and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any ambient
temperature is PD = (TJ(max)–T A)/θJA. All numbers apply for packages soldered directly into a PC board.
OPERATING RATINGS (1)
Supply Voltage
1.5V to 5.0V
Temperature Range
−40°C ≤ TJ ≤
85°C
Thermal Resistance (θJA)
(1)
2
Ultra Tiny SC70-5 Package
5-Pin Surface Mount
440 °C/W
Tiny SOT-23-5 Package
5-Pin Surface Mount
265 °C/W
VSSOP Package
8-Pin Surface Mount
235°C/W
TSSOP Package
14-Pin Surface Mount
155°C/W
SOIC Package
8-Pin Surface Mount
175°C/W
14-Pin Surface Mount
127°C/W
Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for
which the device is intended to be functional, but specific performance is not ensured. For ensured specifications and the test
conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics.
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SNOS436H – AUGUST 2000 – REVISED APRIL 2013
1.8V DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Unless otherwise specified, all limits specified for TJ = 25°C. V+ = 1.8V, V − = 0V, VCM = V+/2, VO = V+/2 and RL > 1 MΩ.
Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes.
Symbol
VOS
Typ (1)
Limits (2)
Units
LMV921 (Single)
−1.8
6
8
mV
max
LMV922 (Dual)
LMV924 (Quad)
−1.8
8
9.5
mV
max
Parameter
Condition
Input Offset Voltage
TCVOS
Input Offset Voltage Average Drift
1
IB
Input Bias Current
12
35
50
nA
max
IOS
Input Offset Current
2
25
40
nA
max
IS
Supply Current
LMV921 (Single)
145
185
205
LMV922 (Dual)
330
400
550
LMV924 (Quad)
560
700
850
0 ≤ VCM ≤ 0.6V
82
62
60
−0.2V ≤ VCM ≤ 0V
1.8V ≤ VCM ≤ 2.0V
74
50
dB
min
78
67
62
dB
min
-0.3
-0.2
0
V
min
2.15
2.0
1.8
V
max
RL = 600Ω to 0.9V,
VO = 0.2V to 1.6V, VCM = 0.5V
91
77
73
RL = 2kΩ to 0.9V,
VO = 0.2V to 1.6V, VCM = 0.5V
95
80
75
Large Signal Voltage Gain
LMV922 (Dual)
LMV924 (Quad)
RL = 600Ω to 0.9V,
VO = 0.2V to 1.6V, VCM = 0.5V
79
65
61
RL = 2kΩ to 0.9V,
VO = 0.2V to 1.6V, VCM = 0.5V
83
68
63
Output Swing
RL = 600Ω to 0.9V
VIN = ± 100mV
1.7
1.65
1.63
V
min
0.075
0.090
0.105
V
max
1.77
1.75
1.74
V
min
0.025
0.035
0.040
V
max
Sourcing, VO = 0V
VIN = 100mV
6
4
3.3
mA
min
Sinking, VO = 1.8V
VIN = −100mV
10
7
5
mA
min
CMRR
Common Mode Rejection Ratio
PSRR
Power Supply Rejection Ratio
1.8V ≤ V+ ≤ 5V,
VCM = 0.5V
VCM
Input Common-Mode Voltage
Range
For CMRR ≥ 50dB
AV
VO
Large Signal Voltage Gain
LMV921 (Single)
RL = 2kΩ to 0.9V
VIN = ± 100mV
IO
(1)
(2)
Output Short Circuit Current
µV/°C
µA
max
dB
min
dB
min
Typical Values represent the most likely parametric norm.
All limits are specified by testing or statistical analysis.
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1.8V AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Unless otherwise specified, all limits specified for TJ = 25°C. V+ = 1.8V, V − = 0V, VCM = V+/2, VO = V+/2 and RL > 1 MΩ.
Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes.
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
See
(2)
Typ (1)
Units
0.39
V/µs
SR
Slew Rate
GBW
Gain-Bandwidth Product
1
MHz
Φm
Phase Margin
60
Deg
Gm
Gain Margin
10
dB
en
Input-Referred Voltage Noise
f = 1 kHz, VCM = 0.5V
45
nV/√Hz
in
Input-Referred Current Noise
f = 1 kHz
0.1
pA/ √Hz
THD
Total Harmonic Distortion
f = 1kHz, AV = +1
RL = 600kΩ, VIN = 1 VPP
0.089
%
140
dB
Amp-to-Amp Isolation
(1)
(2)
(3)
See
(3)
Typical Values represent the most likely parametric norm.
V+ = 5V. Connected as voltage follower with 5V step input. Number specified is the slower of the positive and negative slew rates.
Input referred, V+ = 5V and RL = 100kΩ connected to 2.5V. Each amp excited in turn with 1kHz to produce VO = 3VPP.
2.7V DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Unless otherwise specified, all limits specified for TJ = 25°C. V+ = 2.7V, V − = 0V, VCM = V+/2, VO = V+/2 and RL > 1 MΩ.
Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes.
Symbol
VOS
Typ (1)
Limits (2)
Units
LMV921 (Single)
−1.6
6
8
mV
max
LMV922 (Dual)
LMV924 (Quad)
−1.6
8
9.5
mV
max
Parameter
Condition
Input Offset Voltage
TCVOS
Input Offset Voltage Average Drift
1
IB
Input Bias Current
12
35
50
nA
max
IOS
Input Offset Current
2
25
40
nA
max
IS
Supply Current
LMV921 (Single)
147
190
210
LMV922 (Dual)
380
450
600
LMV924 (Quad)
580
750
900
0V ≤ VCM ≤ 1.5V
84
62
60
−0.2V ≤ VCM ≤ 0V
2.7V ≤ VCM < 2.9V
73
50
dB
min
78
67
62
dB
min
-0.3
-0.2
0
V
min
3.050
2.9
2.7
V
max
CMRR
Common Mode Rejection Ratio
PSRR
Power Supply Rejection Ratio
1.8V ≤ V+ ≤ 5V,
VCM = 0.5V
VCM
Input Common-Mode Voltage
Range
For CMRR ≥ 50dB
(1)
(2)
4
µV/°C
uA
max
Typical Values represent the most likely parametric norm.
All limits are specified by testing or statistical analysis.
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SNOS436H – AUGUST 2000 – REVISED APRIL 2013
2.7V DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
Unless otherwise specified, all limits specified for TJ = 25°C. V+ = 2.7V, V − = 0V, VCM = V+/2, VO = V+/2 and RL > 1 MΩ.
Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes.
Symbol
AV
Typ (1)
Limits (2)
RL = 600Ω to 1.35V,
VO = 0.2V to 2.5V
98
80
75
RL = 2kΩ to 1.35V,
VO = 0.2V to 2.5V
103
83
77
Large Signal Voltage Gain
LMV922 (Dual)
LMV924 (Quad)
RL = 600Ω to 1.35V,
VO = 0.2V to 2.5V
86
68
63
RL = 2kΩ to 1.35V,
VO = 0.2V to 2.5V
91
71
65
Output Swing
RL = 600Ω to 1.35V
VIN = ± 100mV
2.62
2.550
2.530
V
min
0.075
0.095
0.115
V
max
2.675
2.650
2.640
V
min
0.025
0.040
0.045
V
max
Sourcing, VO = 0V
VIN = 100mV
27
20
15
mA
min
Sinking, VO = 2.7V
VIN = −100mV
28
22
16
mA
min
Parameter
Condition
Large Signal Voltage Gain
LMV921 (Single)
VO
RL = 2kΩ to 1.35V
VIN = ± 100mV
IO
Output Short Circuit Current
Units
dB
min
dB
min
2.7V AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Unless otherwise specified, all limits specified for TJ = 25°C. V+ = 2.7V, V − = 0V, VCM = 1.0V, VO = 1.35V and RL > 1 MΩ.
Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes.
Symbol
Parameter
SR
Slew Rate
GBW
Conditions
Typ (1)
Units
0.41
V/µs
Gain-Bandwidth Product
1
MHz
Φm
Phase Margin
65
Deg.
Gm
Gain Margin
10
dB
en
Input-Referred Voltage Noise
f = 1 kHz, VCM = 0.5V
45
nV/√Hz
in
Input-Referred Current Noise
f = 1 kHz
0.1
pA/ √Hz
THD
Total Harmonic Distortion
f = 1 kHz, AV = +1
RL = 600kΩ, VIN = 1 VPP
0.077
%
Amp-to-Amp Isolation
See (3)
140
dB
(1)
(2)
(3)
See
(2)
Typical Values represent the most likely parametric norm.
V+ = 5V. Connected as voltage follower with 5V step input. Number specified is the slower of the positive and negative slew rates.
Input referred, V+ = 5V and RL = 100kΩ connected to 2.5V. Each amp excited in turn with 1kHz to produce VO = 3VPP.
Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
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5V DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Unless otherwise specified, all limits specified for TJ = 25°C. V+ = 5V, V − = 0V, VCM = V+/2, VO = V+/2 and RL > 1
MΩ.Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes.
Symbol
VOS
Typ (1)
Limits (2)
Units
LMV921 (Single)
−1.5
6
8
mV
max
LMV922 (Dual)
LMV924 (Quad)
−1.5
8
9.5
mV
max
Parameter
Condition
Input Offset Voltage
TCVOS
Input Offset Voltage Average Drift
1
IB
Input Bias Current
12
35
50
nA
max
IOS
Input Offset Current
2
25
40
nA
max
IS
Supply Current
LMV921 (Single)
160
210
230
LMV922 (Dual)
400
500
700
LMV924 (Quad)
750
850
980
0V ≤ VCM ≤ 3.8V
86
62
61
−0.2V ≤ VCM ≤ 0V
5.0V ≤ VCM ≤ 5.2V
72
50
dB
min
78
67
62
dB
min
-0.3
-0.2
0
V
min
5.350
5.2
5.0
V
max
RL = 600Ω to 2.5V
VO = 0.2V to 4.8V
104
86
82
RL = 2kΩ to 2.5V
VO = 0.2V to 4.8V
108
89
85
Voltage Gain
LMV922 (Dual)
LMV924 (Quad)
RL = 600Ω to 2.5V
VO = 0.2V to 4.8V
90
72
68
RL = 2kΩ to 2.5V
VO = 0.2V to 4.8V
96
77
73
Output Swing
RL = 600Ω to 2.5V
VIN = ± 100mV
4.895
4.865
4.840
V
min
0.1
0.135
0.160
V
max
4.965
4.945
4.935
V
min
0.035
0.065
0.075
V
max
LMV921 Sourcing, VO = 0V
VIN = 100mV
98
85
68
LMV922, LMV924 Sourcing, VO = 0V
VIN = 100mV
60
35
mA
min
Sinking, VO = 5V
VIN = −100mV
75
65
45
mA
min
CMRR
Common Mode Rejection Ratio
PSRR
Power Supply Rejection Ratio
1.8V ≤ V+ ≤ 5V
VCM = 0.5V
VCM
Input Common-Mode Voltage
Range
For CMRR ≥ 50dB
AV
VO
Voltage Gain
LMV921 (Single)
RL = 2kΩ to 2.5V
VIN = ± 100mV
IO
(1)
(2)
6
Output Short Circuit Current
µV/°C
µA
max
dB
min
dB
min
Typical Values represent the most likely parametric norm.
All limits are specified by testing or statistical analysis.
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5V AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Unless otherwise specified, all limits specified for TJ = 25°C. V+ = 5V, V − = 0V, VCM = V+/2, VO = 2.5V and R L > 1 MΩ.
Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes.
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Typ (1)
Units
0.45
V/µs
SR
Slew Rate
GBW
Gain-Bandwidth Product
1
MHz
Φm
Phase Margin
70
Deg
Gm
Gain Margin
15
dB
en
Input-Referred Voltage Noise
f = 1 kHz, VCM = 1V
45
nV/√Hz
in
Input-Referred Current Noise
f = 1 kHz
THD
Total Harmonic Distortion
f = 1 kHz, AV = +1
RL = 600Ω, VO = 1 V PP
Amp-to-Amp Isolation
See (3)
(1)
(2)
(3)
See
(2)
0.1
pA/ √Hz
0.069
%
140
dB
Typical Values represent the most likely parametric norm.
V+ = 5V. Connected as voltage follower with 5V step input. Number specified is the slower of the positive and negative slew rates.
Input referred, V+ = 5V and RL = 100kΩ connected to 2.5V. Each amp excited in turn with 1kHz to produce VO = 3VPP.
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TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
Unless otherwise specified, VS = +5V, single supply, TA = 25°C.
*For large signal pulse response in the unity gain follower configuration, the input is 5mV below the positive rail and 5mV
above the negative rail at 25°C and 85°C. At −40°C, input is 10mV below the positive rail and 10mV above the negative rail.
8
Supply Current vs. Supply Voltage (LMV921)
Input Bias Current vs. VCM
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Sourcing Current vs. Output Voltage
Sourcing Current vs. Output Voltage
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Sourcing Current vs. Output Voltage
Sinking Current vs. Output Voltage
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
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TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
Unless otherwise specified, VS = +5V, single supply, TA = 25°C.
*For large signal pulse response in the unity gain follower configuration, the input is 5mV below the positive rail and 5mV
above the negative rail at 25°C and 85°C. At −40°C, input is 10mV below the positive rail and 10mV above the negative rail.
Sinking Current vs. Output Voltage
Sinking Current vs. Output Voltage
Figure 7.
Figure 8.
Offset Voltage vs. Common Mode Voltage
Offset Voltage vs. Common Mode Voltage
Figure 9.
Figure 10.
Offset Voltage vs. Common Mode Voltage
Output Voltage Swing vs. Supply Voltage
Figure 11.
Figure 12.
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TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
Unless otherwise specified, VS = +5V, single supply, TA = 25°C.
*For large signal pulse response in the unity gain follower configuration, the input is 5mV below the positive rail and 5mV
above the negative rail at 25°C and 85°C. At −40°C, input is 10mV below the positive rail and 10mV above the negative rail.
10
Output Voltage Swing vs. Supply Voltage
Gain and Phase Margin vs. Frequency
Figure 13.
Figure 14.
Gain and Phase Margin vs. Frequency
Gain and Phase Margin vs. Frequency
Figure 15.
Figure 16.
Gain and Phase Margin vs. Frequency
Gain and Phase Margin vs. Frequency
Figure 17.
Figure 18.
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TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
Unless otherwise specified, VS = +5V, single supply, TA = 25°C.
*For large signal pulse response in the unity gain follower configuration, the input is 5mV below the positive rail and 5mV
above the negative rail at 25°C and 85°C. At −40°C, input is 10mV below the positive rail and 10mV above the negative rail.
CMRR vs. Frequency
PSRR vs. Frequency
Figure 19.
Figure 20.
Input Voltage Noise vs. Frequency
Input Current Noise vs. Frequency
Figure 21.
Figure 22.
THD vs. Frequency
THD vs. Frequency
Figure 23.
Figure 24.
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TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
Unless otherwise specified, VS = +5V, single supply, TA = 25°C.
*For large signal pulse response in the unity gain follower configuration, the input is 5mV below the positive rail and 5mV
above the negative rail at 25°C and 85°C. At −40°C, input is 10mV below the positive rail and 10mV above the negative rail.
12
Slew Rate vs. Supply Voltage
Small Signal Non-Inverting Response
Figure 25.
Figure 26.
Small Signal Non-Inverting Response
Small Signal Non-Inverting Response
Figure 27.
Figure 28.
Small Signal Inverting Response
Small Signal Inverting Response
Figure 29.
Figure 30.
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TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
Unless otherwise specified, VS = +5V, single supply, TA = 25°C.
*For large signal pulse response in the unity gain follower configuration, the input is 5mV below the positive rail and 5mV
above the negative rail at 25°C and 85°C. At −40°C, input is 10mV below the positive rail and 10mV above the negative rail.
Small Signal Inverting Response
Small Signal Non-Inverting Response
Figure 31.
Figure 32.
Small Signal Non-Inverting Response
Small Signal Non-Inverting Response
Figure 33.
Figure 34.
Small Signal Inverting Response
Small Signal Inverting Response
Figure 35.
Figure 36.
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TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
Unless otherwise specified, VS = +5V, single supply, TA = 25°C.
*For large signal pulse response in the unity gain follower configuration, the input is 5mV below the positive rail and 5mV
above the negative rail at 25°C and 85°C. At −40°C, input is 10mV below the positive rail and 10mV above the negative rail.
14
Small Signal Inverting Response
*Large Signal Non-Inverting Response
Figure 37.
Figure 38.
*Large Signal Non-Inverting Response
*Large Signal Non-Inverting Response
Figure 39.
Figure 40.
*Large Signal Inverting Response
*Large Signal Inverting Response
Figure 41.
Figure 42.
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TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
Unless otherwise specified, VS = +5V, single supply, TA = 25°C.
*For large signal pulse response in the unity gain follower configuration, the input is 5mV below the positive rail and 5mV
above the negative rail at 25°C and 85°C. At −40°C, input is 10mV below the positive rail and 10mV above the negative rail.
*Large Signal Inverting Response
*Large Signal Non-Inverting Response
Figure 43.
Figure 44.
*Large Signal Non-Inverting Response
*Large Signal Inverting Response
Figure 45.
Figure 46.
*Large Signal Inverting Response
*Large Signal Inverting Response
Figure 47.
Figure 48.
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TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
Unless otherwise specified, VS = +5V, single supply, TA = 25°C.
*For large signal pulse response in the unity gain follower configuration, the input is 5mV below the positive rail and 5mV
above the negative rail at 25°C and 85°C. At −40°C, input is 10mV below the positive rail and 10mV above the negative rail.
*Large Signal Inverting Response
Short Circuit Current vs.Temperature (sinking)
Figure 49.
Figure 50.
Short Circuit Current vs. Temperature (sourcing)
Figure 51.
16
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APPLICATION NOTE
Unity Gain Pulse Response Considerations
The unity-gain follower is the most sensitive configuration to capacitive loading. The LMV921/LMV922/LMV924
family can directly drive 1nF in a unity-gain with minimal ringing. Direct capacitive loading reduces the phase
margin of the amplifier. The combination of the amplifier's output impedance and the capacitive load induces
phase lag. This results in either an underdamped pulse response or oscillation. The pulse response can be
improved by adding a pull up resistor as shown in Figure 52
Figure 52. Using a Pull-Up Resistor at the Output for Stabilizing Capacitive Loads
Higher capacitances can be driven by decreasing the value of the pull-up resistor, but its value shouldn't be
reduced beyond the sinking capability of the part. An alternate approach is to use an isolation resistor as
illustrated in Figure 53.
Figure 53. Using an Isolation Resistor to Drive Heavy Capacitive Loads
Input Bias Current Consideration
The LMV921/LMV922/LMV924 family has a bipolar input stage. The typical input bias current (IB) is 12nA. The
input bias current can develop a significant offset voltage. This offset is primarily due to IB flowing through the
negative feedback resistor, RF. For example, if IB is 50nA (max room) and RF is 100kΩ, then an offset voltage of
5mV will develop (VOS = IBX RF). Using a compensation resistor (RC), as shown in Figure 54, cancels this affect.
But the input offset current (IOS) will still contribute to an offset voltage in the same manner.
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Figure 54. Canceling the Voltage Offset Effect of Input Bias Current
Operating Supply Voltage
The LMV921/LMV922/LMV924 family is ensured to operate from 1.8V to 5.0V. They will begin to function at
power voltages as low as 1.2V at room temperature when unloaded. Start up voltage increases to 1.5V when the
amplifier is fully loaded (600Ω to mid-supply). Below 1.2V the output voltage is not ensured to follow the input.
Figure 55 below shows the output voltage vs. supply voltage with the LMV921/LMV922/LMV924 configured as a
voltage follower at room temperature.
Figure 55. Output Voltage vs. Supply Voltage
Input and Output Stage
The rail-to-rail input stage of this family provides more flexibility for the designer. The LMV921/LMV922/LMV924
use a complimentary PNP and NPN input stage in which the PNP stage senses common mode voltage near V−
and the NPN stage senses common mode voltage near V+. The transition from the PNP stage to NPN stage
occurs 1V below V+. Since both input stages have their own offset voltage, the offset of the amplifier becomes a
function of the input common mode voltage and has a crossover point at 1V below V+ as shown in the VOS vs.
VCM curves.
18
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This VOS crossover point can create problems for both DC and AC coupled signals if proper care is not taken.
For large input signals that include the VOS crossover point in their dynamic range, this will cause distortion in the
output signal. One way to avoid such distortion is to keep the signal away from the crossover. For example, in a
unity gain buffer configuration and with VS = 5V, a 5V peak-to-peak signal will contain input-crossover distortion
while a 3V peak-to-peak signal centered at 1.5V will not contain input-crossover distortion as it avoids the
crossover point. Another way to avoid large signal distortion is to use a gain of −1 circuit which avoids any
voltage excursions at the input terminals of the amplifier. In that circuit, the common mode DC voltage can be set
at a level away from the VOS cross-over point.
For small signals, this transition in VOS shows up as a VCM dependent spurious signal in series with the input
signal and can effectively degrade small signal parameters such as gain and common mode rejection ratio. To
resolve this problem, the small signal should be placed such that it avoids the VOS crossover point.
In addition to the rail-to-rail performance, the output stage can provide enough output current to drive 600Ω
loads. Because of the high current capability, care should be taken not to exceed the 150°C maximum junction
temperature specification.
Power-Supply Considerations
The LMV921/LMV922/LMV924 are ideally suited for use with most battery-powered systems. The
LMV921/LMV922/LMV924 operate from a single +1.8V to +5.0V supply and consumes about 145µA of supply
current per Amplifier. A high power supply rejection ratio of 78dB allows the amplifier to be powered directly off a
decaying battery voltage extending battery life.
Table 1 lists a variety of typical battery types. Batteries have different voltage ratings; operating voltage is the
battery voltage under nominal load. End-of-Life voltage is defined as the voltage at which 100% of the usable
power of the battery is consumed. Table 1 also shows the typical operating time of the LMV921.
Distortion
The two main contributors of distortion in LMV921/LMV922/LMV924 family is:
1. Output crossover distortion occurs as the output transitions from sourcing current to sinking current.
2. Input crossover distortion occurs as the input switches from NPN to PNP transistor at the input stage.
To decrease crossover distortion:
1. Increase the load resistance. This lowers the output crossover distortion but has no effect on the input
crossover distortion.
2. Operate from a single supply with the output always sourcing current.
3. Limit the input voltage swing for large signals between ground and one volt below the positive supply.
4. Operate in inverting configuration to eliminate common mode induced distortion.
5. Avoid small input signal around the input crossover region. The discontinuity in the offset voltage will effect
the gain, CMRR and PSRR.
Table 1. LMV921 Characteristics with Typical Battery Systems.
Battery Type
Operating Voltage
(V)
End-of-Life
Voltage (V)
Capacity AA
Size (mA - h)
LMV921 Operating
time (Hours)
Alkaline
1.5
0.9
1000
6802
Lithium
2.7
2.0
1000
6802
Ni - Cad
1.2
0.9
375
2551
NMH
1.2
1.0
500
3401
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TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
Half-wave Rectifier with Rail-To-Ground Output Swing
Since the LMV921 input common mode range includes both positive and negative supply rails and the output can
also swing to either supply, achieving half-wave rectifier functions in either direction is an easy task. All that is
needed are two external resistors; there is no need for diodes or matched resistors. The half wave rectifier can
have either positive or negative going outputs, depending on the way the circuit is arranged.
In Figure 56 the circuit is referenced to ground, while in Figure 57 the circuit is biased to the positive supply.
These configurations implement the half wave rectifier since the LMV921 can not respond to one-half of the
incoming waveform. It can not respond to one-half of the incoming because the amplifier can not swing the
output beyond either rail therefore the output disengages during this half cycle. During the other half cycle,
however, the amplifier achieves a half wave that can have a peak equal to the total supply voltage. RI should be
large enough not to load the LMV921.
Figure 56. Half-Wave Rectifier with Rail-To-Ground Output Swing Referenced to Ground
Figure 57. Half-Wave Rectifier with Negative-Going Output Referenced to VCC
Instrumentation Amplifier with Rail-To-Rail Input and Output
Using three of the LMV924 Amplifiers, an instrumentation amplifier with rail-to-rail inputs and outputs can be
made.
Some manufacturers use a precision voltage divider array of 5 resistors to divide the common mode voltage to
get a rail-to-rail input range. The problem with this method is that it also divides the signal, so in order to get unity
gain, the amplifier must be run at high loop gains. This raises the noise and drift by the internal gain factor and
lowers the input impedance. Any mismatch in these precision resistors reduces the CMRR as well. Using the
LMV924 eliminates all of these problems.
In this example, amplifiers A and B act as buffers to the differential stage. These buffers assure that the input
impedance is very high and require no precision matched resistors in the input stage. They also assure that the
difference amp is driven from a voltage source. This is necessary to maintain the CMRR set by the matching R1R2 with R3-R4.
The gain is set by the ratio of R2/R1 and R3 should equal R1 and R4 equal R2.
With both rail-to-rail input and output ranges, the input and output are only limited by the supply voltages.
Remember that even with rail-to-rail outputs, the output can not swing past the supplies so the combined
common mode voltages plus the signal should not be greater that the supplies or limiting will occur. For
additional applications, see TI application notes AN–29, AN–31, AN–71, and AN–127.
20
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Figure 58. Rail-to-rail instrumentation amplifier
Simplified Schematic
Connection Diagrams
Top View
Top View
Figure 59. 5-Pin SC70-5/SOT-23-5
Package
Figure 60. 8-Pin VSSOP/SOIC
Package
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Figure 61. 14-Pin TSSOP/SOIC
Package
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REVISION HISTORY
Changes from Revision G (April 2013) to Revision H
•
22
Page
Changed layout of National Data Sheet to TI format .......................................................................................................... 21
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