AD AD8572ARU Zero-drift, single-supply, rail-to-rail input/output operational amplifier Datasheet

Zero-Drift, Single-Supply, Rail-to-Rail
Input/Output Operational Amplifiers
AD8571/AD8572/AD8574
NC 1
8
NC
V+
–IN A 2
7
V+
OUT A
+IN A 3
+IN A
3
V–
TOP VIEW
6
(Not to Scale)
4
5
AD8571
NC
NC = NO CONNECT
6 OUT A
TOP VIEW
V– 4 (Not to Scale) 5 NC
NC = NO CONNECT
Figure 1. 8-Lead MSOP
(RM Suffix)
8
V+
OUT A
1
8
V+
7
OUT B
–IN A
2
AD8572
7
OUT B
+IN A 3
TOP VIEW
(Not to Scale)
6
–IN B
+IN A
3
6
–IN B
V–
TOP VIEW
(Not to Scale)
4
5
+IN B
4
5
+IN B
01104-002
2
Figure 2. 8-Lead SOIC
(R Suffix)
AD8572
OUT A 1
–IN A
Figure 3. 8-Lead TSSOP
(RU Suffix)
OUT A 1
14
OUT D
–IN A 2
13
–IN D
+IN A 3
V+ 4
+IN B 5
AD8571
AD8574
12
Figure 4. 8-Lead SOIC
(R Suffix)
+IN D
9
–IN C
OUT B 7
8
OUT C
Figure 5. 14-Lead TSSOP
(RU Suffix)
OUT A 1
14
OUT D
–IN A 2
13
–IN D
12
+IN D
+IN A 3
V+ 4
11 V–
TOP VIEW
(Not to Scale) 10 +IN C
–IN B 6
01104-005
2
+IN B 5
AD8574
11 V–
TOP VIEW
(Not to Scale) 10 +IN C
–IN B 6
9
–IN C
OUT B 7
8
OUT C
01104-006
Temperature sensors
Pressure sensors
Precision current sensing
Strain gage amplifiers
Medical instrumentation
Thermocouple amplifiers
NC
7
1
V–
APPLICATIONS
8
NC
–IN A
01104-004
PIN CONFIGURATIONS
01104-003
Low offset voltage: 1 μV
Input offset drift: 0.005 μV/°C
Rail-to-rail input and output swing
5 V/2.7 V single-supply operation
High gain: 145 dB typical
CMRR: 140 dB typical
PSRR: 130 dB typical
Ultralow input bias current: 10 pA typical
Low supply current: 750 μA/op amp
Overload recovery time: 50 μs
No external capacitors required
01104-001
FEATURES
Figure 6. 14-Lead SOIC
(R Suffix)
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
This family of amplifiers has ultralow offset, drift, and bias
current. The AD8571, AD8572, and AD8574 are single, dual,
and quad amplifiers, respectively, featuring rail-to-rail input
and output swings. All are guaranteed to operate from 2.7 V to
5 V single supply.
The AD857x family provides benefits previously found only in
expensive auto-zeroing or chopper-stabilized amplifiers. Using
Analog Devices, Inc. topology, these zero-drift amplifiers
combine low cost with high accuracy. (No external capacitors
are required.) Using a patented spread-spectrum, auto-zero
technique, the AD857x family eliminates the intermodulation
effects from interaction of the chopping function with the
signal frequency in ac applications.
With an offset voltage of only 1 μV and drift of 0.005 μV/°C, the
AD857x family is perfectly suited for applications where error
sources cannot be tolerated. Position and pressure sensors,
medical equipment, and strain gage amplifiers benefit greatly
from nearly zero drift over their operating temperature range.
Many more systems require the rail-to-rail input and output
swings provided by the AD857x family.
The AD857x family is specified for the extended industrial/
automotive (−40°C to +125°C) temperature range. The AD8571
single amplifier is available in 8-lead MSOP and narrow 8-lead
SOIC packages. The AD8572 dual amplifier is available in
8-lead narrow SOIC and 8-lead TSSOP surface-mount packages.
The AD8574 quad amplifier is available in 14-lead narrow SOIC
and 14-lead TSSOP packages.
Rev. C
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no
responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other
rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No
license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A.
Tel: 781.329.4700
www.analog.com
Fax: 781.461.3113 ©1999–2007 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.
AD8571/AD8572/AD8574
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Features .............................................................................................. 1
1/f Noise Characteristics ........................................................... 17
Applications....................................................................................... 1
Pin Configurations ........................................................................... 1
Random Auto-Zero Correction Eliminates Intermodulation
Distortion .................................................................................... 17
General Description ......................................................................... 1
Broadband and External Resistor Noise Considerations.......... 18
Revision History ............................................................................... 2
Output Overdrive Recovery...................................................... 18
Specifications..................................................................................... 3
Input Overvoltage Protection ................................................... 18
5 V Electrical Characteristics...................................................... 3
Output Phase Reversal............................................................... 18
2.7 V Electrical Characteristics................................................... 4
Capacitive Load Drive ............................................................... 19
Absolute Maximum Ratings............................................................ 5
Power-Up Behavior .................................................................... 19
Thermal Characteristics .............................................................. 5
Applications..................................................................................... 20
ESD Caution.................................................................................. 5
5 V Precision Strain Gage Circuit ............................................ 20
Typical Performance Characteristics ............................................. 6
3 V Instrumentation Amplifier ................................................ 20
Functional Description .................................................................. 14
High Accuracy Thermocouple Amplifier ............................... 21
Amplifier Architecture .............................................................. 14
Precision Current Meter............................................................ 21
Basic Auto-Zero Amplifier Theory.......................................... 14
Precision Voltage Comparator.................................................. 21
Auto-Zero Phase......................................................................... 14
Outline Dimensions ....................................................................... 22
Amplification Phase ................................................................... 15
Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 23
High Gain, CMRR, and PSRR .................................................. 16
Maximizing Performance Through Proper Layout ............... 16
REVISION HISTORY
5/07—Rev. B to Rev. C
Changes to Features.......................................................................... 1
Changes to Table 1............................................................................ 3
Changes to Table 2............................................................................ 4
Changes to Basic Auto-Zero Amplifier Theory Section ........... 14
Changes to Figure 50...................................................................... 15
Changes to Figure 55...................................................................... 16
Changes to Figure 66...................................................................... 21
Updated Outline Dimensions ....................................................... 22
9/06—Rev. A to Rev. B
Updated Format..................................................................Universal
Changes to Table 1.............................................................................3
Changes to Table 2.............................................................................4
Changes to Figure 50...................................................................... 14
Changes to Figure 51...................................................................... 15
Changes to Figure 66...................................................................... 21
Deleted Figure 69 and SPICE Macro-Model Section ................ 17
Deleted SPICE Macro-Model for the AD857x Section ............. 18
Updated Outline Dimensions....................................................... 22
Changes to Ordering Guide .......................................................... 23
7/03—Rev. 0 to Rev. A
Renumbered Figures ..........................................................Universal
Changes to Ordering Guide .............................................................4
Change to Figure 15. ...................................................................... 16
Updated Outline Dimensions....................................................... 19
10/99—Revision 0: Initial Version
Rev. C | Page 2 of 24
AD8571/AD8572/AD8574
SPECIFICATIONS
5 V ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
VS = 5 V, VCM = 2.5 V, VO = 2.5 V, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.
Table 1.
Parameter
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Offset Voltage
Symbol
Conditions
Min
VOS
Typ
Max
Unit
1
5
10
50
1.5
300
4
70
200
150
400
5
μV
μV
pA
nA
pA
nA
pA
pA
pA
pA
V
dB
dB
dB
dB
μV/°C
−40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C
Input Bias Current
AD8571/AD8574
AD8572
IB
Input Offset Current
AD8571/AD8574
AD8572
IOS
−40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C
−40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C
−40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C
Input Voltage Range
Common-Mode Rejection Ratio
CMRR
Large Signal Voltage Gain 1
AVO
Offset Voltage Drift
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Output Voltage High
10
1.0
160
2.5
20
150
30
150
−40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C
−40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C
−40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C
∆VOS/∆T
VOH
Output Voltage Low
VOL
Short-Circuit Limit
ISC
VCM = 0 V to 5 V
−40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C
RL = 10 kΩ, VO = 0.3 V to 4.7 V
−40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C
−40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C
RL = 100 kΩ to GND
RL = 100 kΩ to GND @ −40°C to +125°C
RL = 10 kΩ to GND
RL = 10 kΩ to GND @ −40°C to +125°C
RL = 100 kΩ to V+
RL = 100 kΩ to V+ @ −40°C to +125°C
RL = 10 kΩ to V+
RL = 10 kΩ to V+ @ −40°C to +125°C
0
120
115
125
120
4.99
4.99
4.95
4.95
±25
−40°C to +125°C
Output Current
IO
−40°C to +125°C
POWER SUPPLY
Power Supply Rejection Ratio
Supply Current/Amplifier
DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE
Slew Rate
Overload Recovery Time
Gain Bandwidth Product
NOISE PERFORMANCE
Voltage Noise
Voltage Noise Density
Current Noise Density
1
PSRR
ISY
SR
VS = 2.7 V to 5.5 V
−40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C
VO = 0 V
−40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C
RL = 10 kΩ
GBP
en p-p
en
in
0 Hz to 10 Hz
0 Hz to 1 Hz
f = 1 kHz
f = 10 Hz
Gain testing is dependent upon test bandwidth.
Rev. C | Page 3 of 24
120
115
140
130
145
135
0.005
4.998
4.997
4.98
4.975
1
2
10
15
±50
±40
±30
±15
130
130
850
1000
0.4
0.05
1.5
1.3
0.41
51
2
0.04
10
10
30
30
975
1075
0.3
V
V
V
V
mV
mV
mV
mV
mA
mA
mA
mA
dB
dB
μA
μA
V/μs
ms
MHz
μV p-p
μV p-p
nV/√Hz
fA/√Hz
AD8571/AD8572/AD8574
2.7 V ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
VS = 2.7 V, VCM = 1.35 V, VO = 1.35 V, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.
Table 2.
Parameter
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Offset Voltage
Symbol
Conditions
Min
VOS
Typ
Max
Unit
1
5
10
50
1.5
300
4
50
200
150
400
2.7
μV
μV
pA
nA
pA
nA
pA
pA
pA
pA
V
dB
dB
dB
dB
μV/°C
−40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C
Input Bias Current
AD8571/AD8574
AD8572
IB
Input Offset Current
AD8571/AD8574
AD8572
IOS
−40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C
−40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C
−40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C
Input Voltage Range
Common-Mode Rejection Ratio
CMRR
Large Signal Voltage Gain 1
AVO
Offset Voltage Drift
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Output Voltage High
10
1.0
160
2.5
10
150
30
150
−40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C
−40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C
−40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C
∆VOS/∆T
VOH
Output Voltage Low
VOL
Short-Circuit Limit
ISC
VCM = 0 V to 2.7 V
−40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C
RL = 10 kΩ, VO = 0.3 V to 2.4 V
−40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C
−40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C
RL = 100 kΩ to GND
RL = 100 kΩ to GND @ −40°C to +125°C
RL = 10 kΩ to GND
RL = 10 kΩ to GND @ −40°C to +125°C
RL = 100 kΩ to V+
RL = 100 kΩ to V+ @ −40°C to +125°C
RL = 10 kΩ to V+
RL = 10 kΩ to V+ @ −40°C to +125°C
0
115
110
110
105
2.685
2.685
2.67
2.67
±10
−40°C to +125°C
Output Current
IO
−40°C to +125°C
POWER SUPPLY
Power Supply Rejection Ratio
Supply Current/Amplifier
DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE
Slew Rate
Overload Recovery Time
Gain Bandwidth Product
NOISE PERFORMANCE
Voltage Noise
Voltage Noise Density
Current Noise Density
1
PSRR
ISY
SR
VS = 2.7 V to 5.5 V
−40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C
VO = 0 V
−40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C
2.697
2.696
2.68
2.675
1
2
10
15
±15
±10
±10
±5
130
130
750
950
0.04
10
10
20
20
900
1000
V
V
V
V
mV
mV
mV
mV
mA
mA
mA
mA
dB
dB
μA
μA
RL = 10 kΩ
0.5
0.05
1
V/μs
ms
MHz
0 Hz to 10 Hz
f = 1 kHz
f = 10 Hz
2.0
94
2
μV p-p
nV/√Hz
fA/√Hz
GBP
en p-p
en
in
120
115
130
130
140
130
0.005
Gain testing is dependent upon test bandwidth.
Rev. C | Page 4 of 24
AD8571/AD8572/AD8574
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Table 3.
Parameter
Supply Voltage
Input Voltage
Differential Input Voltage 1
ESD (Human Body Model)
Output Short-Circuit Duration to GND
Storage Temperature Range
Operating Temperature Range
Junction Temperature Range
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 60 sec)
1
Rating
6V
GND to VS + 0.3 V
±5.0 V
2000 V
Indefinite
−65°C to +150°C
−40°C to +125°C
−65°C to +150°C
300°C
Differential input voltage is limited to ±5.0 V or the supply voltage,
whichever is less.
Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings
may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress
rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any
other conditions above those indicated in the operational
section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute
maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect
device reliability.
THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS
θJA is specified for the worst-case conditions, that is, θJA is
specified for a device soldered in a circuit board for SOIC and
TSSOP packages.
Table 4. Thermal Resistance
Package Type
8-Lead MSOP (RM)
8-Lead TSSOP (RU)
8-Lead SOIC (R)
14-Lead TSSOP (RU)
14-Lead SOIC (R)
ESD CAUTION
Rev. C | Page 5 of 24
θJA
190
240
158
180
120
θJC
44
43
43
36
36
Unit
°C/W
°C/W
°C/W
°C/W
°C/W
AD8571/AD8572/AD8574
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
180
180
VS = 2.7V
VCM = 1.35V
TA = 25°C
140
120
100
80
60
40
140
120
100
80
60
40
–1.5
–0.5
0.5
1.5
0
–2.5
01104-007
0
–2.5
2.5
OFFSET VOLTAGE (µV)
0.5
1.5
2.5
Figure 10. Input Offset Voltage Distribution at 5 V
50
12
VS = 5V
TA = –40°C, +25°C, +85°C
NUMBER OF AMPLIFIERS
30
+85°C
20
10
+25°C
0
–10
–40°C
8
6
4
2
1
2
3
4
INPUT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V)
5
01104-008
–20
0
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
INPUT OFFSET DRIFT (nV/°C)
Figure 8. Input Bias Current vs. Input Common-Mode Voltage
1500
VS = 5V
VCM = 2.5V
TA = –40°C TO +125°C
10
01104-011
40
Figure 11. Input Offset Voltage Drift Distribution at 5 V
10k
VS = 5V
TA = 125°C
VS = 5V
TA = 25°C
1000
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (mV)
1k
500
0
–500
–1000
100
SOURCE
10
SINK
1
–2000
0
1
2
3
4
COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V)
5
01104-009
–1500
Figure 9. Input Bias Current vs. Common-Mode Voltage
0.1
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
Figure 12. Output Voltage to Supply Rail vs. Output Current at 5 V
Rev. C | Page 6 of 24
01104-012
INPUT BIAS CURRENT (pA)
–0.5
OFFSET VOLTAGE (µV)
Figure 7. Input Offset Voltage Distribution at 2.7 V
INPUT BIAS CURRENT (pA)
–1.5
01104-010
20
20
–30
VS = 5V
VCM = 2.5V
TA = 25°C
160
NUMBER OF AMPLIFIERS
NUMBER OF AMPLIFIERS
160
AD8571/AD8572/AD8574
800
VS = 2.7V
TA = 25°C
TA = 25°C
SUPPLY CURRENT PER AMPLIFIER (µA)
100
SINK
SOURCE
10
1
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
500
400
300
200
100
0
01104-013
0.1
0.0001
600
100
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
1
2
3
4
5
6
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
Figure 16. Supply Current vs. Supply Voltage
Figure 13. Output Voltage to Supply Rail vs. Output Current at 2.7 V
1000
60
VCM = 2.5V
VS = 5V
50
750
OPEN-LOOP GAIN (dB)
INPUT BIAS CURRENT (pA)
0
01104-016
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (mV)
1k
700
500
250
VS = 2.7V
CL = 0pF
RL = ∞
40
0
30
45
20
90
10
135
0
180
–10
225
–20
270
PHASE SHIFT (Degrees)
10k
–25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
TEMPERATURE (°C)
–40
10k
01104-014
–50
1M
10M
100M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 17. Open-Loop Gain and Phase Shift vs. Frequency at 2.7 V
Figure 14. Input Bias Current vs. Temperature
60
50
5V
OPEN-LOOP GAIN (dB)
0.8
2.7V
0.6
0.4
0.2
VS = 5V
CL = 0pF
RL = ∞
40
0
30
45
20
90
10
135
0
180
–10
225
–20
270
PHASE SHIFT (Degrees)
1.0
0
–75
–50
–25
0
25
50
75
100
TEMPERATURE (°C)
125
150
Figure 15. Supply Current vs. Temperature
–40
10k
100k
1M
10M
100M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 18. Open-Loop Gain and Phase Shift vs. Frequency at 5 V
Rev. C | Page 7 of 24
01104-018
–30
01104-015
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
100k
01104-017
–30
0
–75
AD8571/AD8572/AD8574
60
300
VS = 2.7V
CL = 0pF
RL = 2kΩ
240
20
OUTPUT IMPEDANCE (Ω)
AV = –100
30
AV = –10
10
0
AV = +1
–10
210
180
150
90
60
–30
30
1k
10k
100k
1M
10M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 19. Closed-Loop Gain vs. Frequency at 2.7 V
AV = 100
120
–20
–40
100
VS = 5V
270
01104-019
CLOSED-LOOP GAIN (dB)
40
AV = 10
AV = 1
0
100
1k
10k
100k
1M
10M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 22. Output Impedance vs. Frequency at 5 V
60
40
CLOSED-LOOP GAIN (dB)
VS = 2.7V
CL = 300pF
RL = 2kΩ
AV = 1
VS = 5V
CL = 0pF
RL = 2kΩ
50
AV = –100
30
20
AV = –10
10
0
AV = +1
–10
–30
1k
10k
100k
1M
10M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
500mV
01104-020
2µs
–40
100
01104-023
–20
Figure 23. Large Signal Transient Response at 2.7 V
Figure 20. Closed-Loop Gain vs. Frequency at 5 V
300
VS = 5V
CL = 300pF
RL = 2kΩ
AV = 1
VS = 2.7V
270
210
180
AV = 100
150
120
AV = 10
90
30
AV = 1
0
100
1k
10k
100k
1M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
5µs
10M
1V
Figure 24. Large Signal Transient Response at 5 V
Figure 21. Output Impedance vs. Frequency at 2.7 V
Rev. C | Page 8 of 24
01104-024
60
01104-021
OUTPUT IMPEDANCE (Ω)
240
01104-022
50
AD8571/AD8572/AD8574
45
VS = ±1.35V
CL = 50pF
RL = ∞
AV = 1
50mV
+OS
30
25
20
–OS
15
10
5
0
10
100
1k
10k
CAPACITANCE (pF)
Figure 25. Small Signal Transient Response at 2.7 V
Figure 28. Small Signal Overshoot vs. Load Capacitance at 5 V
VS = ±2.5V
CL = 50pF
RL = ∞
AV = 1
0V
VS = ±2.5V
VIN = –200mV p-p
(RET TO GND)
CL = 0pF
RL = 10kΩ
AV = –100
VIN
VOUT
0V
20µs
1V
01104-029
50mV
01104-026
5µs
BOTTOM SCALE: 1V/DIV
TOP SCALE: 200mV/DIV
Figure 26. Small Signal Transient Response at 5 V
Figure 29. Positive Overvoltage Recovery
50
40
VS = ±1.35V
RL = 2kΩ
TA = 25°C
VIN
0V
35
30
+OS
25
0V
–OS
20
VS = ±2.5V
VIN = 200mV p-p
(RET TO GND)
CL = 0pF
RL = 10kΩ
AV = –100
15
VOUT
5
0
10
20µs
100
1k
10k
CAPACITANCE (pF)
1V
BOTTOM SCALE: 1V/DIV
TOP SCALE: 200mV/DIV
Figure 30. Negative Overvoltage Recovery
Figure 27. Small Signal Overshoot vs. Load Capacitance at 2.7 V
Rev. C | Page 9 of 24
01104-030
10
01104-027
SMALL SIGNAL OVERSHOOT (%)
45
01104-028
5µs
VS = ±2.5V
RL = 2kΩ
TA = 25°C
35
01104-025
SMALL SIGNAL OVERSHOOT (%)
40
AD8571/AD8572/AD8574
140
VS = ±2.5V
RL = 2kΩ
AV = –100
VIN = 60mV p-p
VS = ±1.35V
120
PSRR (dB)
100
80
60
40
0
100
1k
10k
100k
1M
10M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 31. No Phase Reversal
Figure 34. PSRR vs. Frequency at ±1.35 V
140
140
VS = ±2.5V
120
100
100
60
80
60
40
40
20
20
1k
10k
100k
1M
10M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
0
100
–PSRR
1k
10k
100k
1M
10M
01104-035
80
+PSRR
1M
01104-036
PSRR (dB)
120
01104-032
CMRR (dB)
VS = 2.7V
0
100
01104-034
1V
+PSRR
20
01104-031
200µs
–PSRR
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 32. CMRR vs. Frequency at 2.7 V
Figure 35. PSRR vs. Frequency at ±2.5 V
140
3.0
VS = 5V
120
2.5
OUTPUT SWING (V p-p)
80
60
40
0
100
2.0
VS = ±1.35V
RL = 2kΩ
AV = 1
THD + N < 1%
TA = 25°C
1.5
1.0
0.5
20
1k
10k
100k
1M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
10M
01104-033
CMRR (dB)
100
Figure 33. CMRR vs. Frequency at 5 V
0
100
1k
10k
100k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 36. Maximum Output Swing vs. Frequency at 2.7 V
Rev. C | Page 10 of 24
AD8571/AD8572/AD8574
5.5
VS = ±2.5V
RL = 2kΩ
AV = 1
THD + N < 1%
TA = 25°C
5.0
4.0
312
en (nV/ Hz)
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
260
208
156
104
1.0
1k
10k
100k
1M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
0
01104-037
0
100
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
FREQUENCY (kHz)
01104-040
52
0.5
Figure 40. Voltage Noise Density at 2.7 V from 0 Hz to 2.5 kHz
Figure 37. Maximum Output Swing vs. Frequency at 5 V
VS = ±1.35V
AV = 120,000
VS = 2.7V
RS = 0Ω
112
en (nV/ Hz)
96
0V
80
64
48
32
50mV
0
5
10
15
20
25
FREQUENCY (kHz)
Figure 38. 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz Noise at 2.7 V
01104-041
16
01104-038
1s
Figure 41. Voltage Noise Density at 2.7 V from 0 Hz to 25 kHz
VS = ±2.5V
AV = 120,000
VS = 5V
RS = 0Ω
182
en (nV/ Hz)
156
130
104
78
52
50mV
26
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
FREQUENCY (kHz)
Figure 39. 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz Noise at 5 V
Figure 42. Voltage Noise Density at 5 V from 0 Hz to 2.5 kHz
Rev. C | Page 11 of 24
01104-042
1s
01104-039
OUTPUT SWING (V p-p)
4.5
VS = 2.7V
RS = 0Ω
364
AD8571/AD8572/AD8574
150
VS = 5V
RS = 0Ω
VS = 2.7V TO 5.5V
80
64
48
32
0
5
10
15
20
25
FREQUENCY (kHz)
135
130
125
–75
01104-043
16
140
–50
–25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
01104-045
en (nV/ Hz)
96
145
150
01104-046
POWER SUPPLY REJECTION (dB)
112
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 43. Voltage Noise Density at 5 V from 0 Hz to 25 kHz
Figure 45. Power Supply Rejection vs. Temperature
50
210
OUTPUT SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT (mA)
VS = 5V
RS = 0Ω
150
120
90
60
30
0
5
FREQUENCY (kHz)
10
01104-044
en (nV/ Hz)
180
40
VS = 2.7V
30
ISC–
20
10
0
–10
ISC+
–20
–30
–40
–50
–75
–50
–25
0
25
50
75
100
125
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 46. Output Short-Circuit Current vs. Temperature
Figure 44. Voltage Noise Density at 5 V from 0 Hz to 10 Hz
Rev. C | Page 12 of 24
AD8571/AD8572/AD8574
100
225
ISC–
40
20
0
–20
–40
ISC+
–60
–25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
01104-047
–50
TEMPERATURE (°C)
250
175
150
RL = 1kΩ
125
100
75
50
RL = 10kΩ
RL = 100kΩ
25
–50
–25
0
25
50
75
100
125
TEMPERATURE (°C)
150
01104-048
OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING (mV)
VS = 5V
200
0
–75
RL = 1kΩ
150
125
100
75
50
RL = 10kΩ
RL = 100kΩ
0
–75
–50
–25
0
25
50
75
100
125
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 49. Output Voltage to Supply Rail vs. Temperature
Figure 47. Output Short-Circuit Current vs. Temperature
225
175
25
–80
–100
–75
VS = 5V
200
Figure 48. Output Voltage to Supply Rail vs. Temperature
Rev. C | Page 13 of 24
150
01104-049
VS = 5V
60
OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING (mV)
SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT (mA)
80
250
AD8571/AD8572/AD8574
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The AD8571/AD8572/AD8574 are CMOS amplifiers that
achieve their high degree of precision through random frequency
auto-zero stabilization. The autocorrection topology allows the
AD857x to maintain its low offset voltage over a wide temperature
range, and the randomized auto-zero clock eliminates any
intermodulation distortion (IMD) errors at the amplifier output.
The AD857x can be run from a single-supply voltage as low as
2.7 V. The extremely low offset voltage of 1 μV and no IMD
products allow the amplifier to be easily configured for high
gains without risk of excessive output voltage errors, which
makes the AD857x an ideal amplifier for applications requiring
both dc precision and low distortion for ac signals. The extremely
small temperature drift of 5 nV/°C ensures a minimum of offset
voltage error over its −40°C to +125°C temperature range.
These combined features make the AD857x an excellent
choice for a variety of sensitive measurement and automotive
applications.
AMPLIFIER ARCHITECTURE
Each AD857x op amp consists of two amplifiers: a main amplifier
and a secondary amplifier that is used to correct the offset
voltage of the main amplifier. Both consist of a rail-to-rail input
stage, allowing the input common-mode voltage range to reach
both supply rails. The input stage consists of an NMOS
differential pair operating concurrently with a parallel PMOS
differential pair. The outputs from the differential input stages
are combined in another gain stage whose output is used to
drive a rail-to-rail output stage.
The wide voltage swing of the amplifier is achieved by using two
output transistors in a common-source configuration. The
output voltage range is limited by the drain-to-source resistance
of these transistors. As the amplifier is required to source or sink
more output current, the voltage drop across these transistors
increases due to their on resistance (RDS). Simply put, the output
voltage does not swing as close to the rail under heavy output
current conditions as it does with light output current. This is a
characteristic of all rail-to-rail output amplifiers. Figure 12 and
Figure 13 show how close the output voltage can get to the rails
with a given output current. The output of the AD857x is shortcircuit protected to approximately 50 mA of current.
The AD857x amplifiers have exceptional gain, yielding greater
than 120 dB of open-loop gain with a load of 2 kΩ. Because
the output transistors are configured in a common-source
configuration, the gain of the output stage, and thus the openloop gain of the amplifier, is dependent on the load resistance.
Open-loop gain decreases with smaller load resistances, which
is another characteristic of rail-to-rail output amplifiers.
BASIC AUTO-ZERO AMPLIFIER THEORY
Autocorrection amplifiers are not a new technology. Various IC
implementations have been available for more than 15 years,
and some improvements have been made over time. The
AD857x design offers a number of significant performance
improvements over older versions while attaining a very
substantial reduction in device cost. This section offers a
simplified explanation of how the AD857x is able to offer
extremely low offset voltages and high open-loop gains.
As noted in the Amplifier Architecture section, each AD857x
op amp contains two internal amplifiers. One is used as the
primary amplifier, the other as an autocorrection, or nulling,
amplifier. Each amplifier has an associated input offset voltage
that can be modeled as a dc voltage source in series with the
noninverting input. In Figure 50 and Figure 51, these are labeled
as VOSA and VOSB, where A denotes the nulling amplifier and B
denotes the primary amplifier. The open-loop gain for the +IN
and −IN inputs of each amplifier is given as AX. Both amplifiers
also have a third voltage input with an associated open-loop
gain of BX.
B
There are two modes of operation determined by the action of
two sets of switches in the amplifier: an auto-zero phase and an
amplification phase.
AUTO-ZERO PHASE
In this phase, all φA switches are closed, and all φB switches are
opened. Here, the nulling amplifier is taken out of the gain loop
by shorting its two inputs together. Of course, there is a degree
of offset voltage, shown as VOSA, inherent in the nulling amplifier
that maintains a potential difference between the +IN and −IN
inputs. The nulling amplifier feedback loop is closed through
φA2, and VOSA appears at the output of the nulling amplifier and
on CM1, an internal capacitor in the AD857x. Mathematically,
this can be expressed in the time domain as
VOA [t ] = AAVOSA [t ] − B AVOA[t ]
(1)
this can also be expressed as
VOA [t ] =
A AVOSA [t ]
1 + BA
(2)
This shows that the offset voltage of the nulling amplifier times
a gain factor appears at the output of the nulling amplifier and
thus on the CM1 capacitor.
Rev. C | Page 14 of 24
AD8571/AD8572/AD8574
VOSB
+
VIN+
AB
VIN–
VOUT
BB
ΦB
VOA
VOSA
+
ΦA1
variation or long-term wear time, both of which are much
slower than the auto-zero clock frequency of the AD857x,
which effectively makes the VOS time invariant, and Equation 5
can be rewritten as
ΦB
AA
CM2
VOA [t ] = AAVIN [t ] +
VNB
ΦA2
CM1
VNA
⎛
VOSA ⎞⎟
VOA [t ] = A A ⎜ V IN [t ] +
⎜
1 + B A ⎟⎠
⎝
Figure 50. Auto-Zero Phase of the Amplifier
AMPLIFICATION PHASE
When the φB switches close and the φA switches open for the
amplification phase, the offset voltage remains on CM1 and
essentially corrects any error from the nulling amplifier. The
voltage across CM1 is designated as VNA. The potential difference
between the two inputs to the primary amplifier is designated as
VIN, or VIN = (VIN+ − VIN–). The output of the nulling amplifier
can then be expressed as
VOA [t ] = A A (V IN [t ] − VOSA [t ] − B AVNA [t ]
(3)
AB
VOUT [t ] = A B (VIN [t ] + VOSB ) + B B VNB
⎡ ⎛
⎞⎤
V
ABVIN [t ] + ABVOSB + BB ⎢ AA ⎜⎜ VIN [t ] + OSA ⎟⎟⎥
1 + BA ⎠⎥⎦
⎢⎣ ⎝
VOUT
–BA
ΦA
VNA
(9)
CM2
combining terms yields
VNB
VOUT [t ] =
CM1
VIN [t ](AB + AA BB ) +
01104-051
ΦB
AA
Figure 51. Output Phase of the Amplifier
AA B BVOSA
+ ABVOSB
1 + BA
(10)
The AD857x architecture is optimized in such a way that
AA = AB, BA = BB, and BA >> 1. In addition, the gain product to
AABB is much greater than AB. Therefore, Equation 10 can be
simplified to
B
Because φA is now open and there is no place for CM1 to
discharge, the voltage (VNA) at the present time (t) is equal to
the voltage at the output of the nulling amp (VOA) at the time
when φA was closed. If the period of the autocorrection
switching frequency is designated as TS, the amplifier switches
between phases every 0.5 × TS. Therefore, in the amplification
phase
1 ⎤
⎡
VNA [t ] = VNA ⎢t − TS ⎥
2 ⎦
⎣
(8)
In the amplification phase, VOA = VNB, so this can be rewritten as
BB
VOA
VOSA
+
ΦA
(7)
VOUT [t ] =
VIN–
ΦB
(6)
Here, the auto-zeroing becomes apparent. Note that the VOS
term is reduced by a 1 + BA factor, which shows how the nulling
amplifier has greatly reduced its own offset voltage error even
before correcting the primary amplifier. Therefore, the primary
amplifier output voltage is the voltage at the output of the
AD857x amplifier. It is equal to
VOSB
+
VIN+
1 + BA
or
01104-050
–BA
AA (1 + BA )VOSA − AA BAVOSA
B
B
B
VOUT [t ] = VIN [t ]AA BA + AA (VOSA + VOSB )
(11)
Most obvious is the gain product of both the primary and
nulling amplifiers. This AABA term is what gives the AD857x its
extremely high open-loop gain. To understand how VOSA and
VOSB relate to the overall effective input offset voltage of the
complete amplifier, set up the generic amplifier equation of
B
B
(4)
VOUT = k × (V IN + VOS , EFF )
and substituting Equation 4 and Equation 2 into Equation 3 yields
1 ⎤
⎡
A A B AVOSA ⎢t − TS ⎥
2 ⎦ (5)
⎣
VOA [t ] = A AVIN [t ] + A AVOSA [t ] −
1 + BA
(12)
where:
k is the open-loop gain of an amplifier.
VOS, EFF is its effective offset voltage.
Putting Equation 12 into the form of Equation 11 gives
For the sake of simplification, it can be assumed that the
autocorrection frequency is much faster than any potential
change in VOSA or VOSB. This is a good assumption because
changes in offset voltage are a function of temperature
B
Rev. C | Page 15 of 24
VOUT [t ] = V IN [t ]A A B A + VOS , EFF A A B A
(13)
AD8571/AD8572/AD8574
V+
Therefore,
R1
BA
R2
R1
VIN1
(14)
VIN2
GUARD
RING
Thus, the offset voltages of both the primary and nulling
amplifiers are reduced by the gain factor BA, which takes a typical
input offset voltage from several millivolts down to an effective
input offset voltage of submicrovolts. This autocorrection
scheme makes the AD857x family of amplifiers extremely precise.
GUARD
RING
VREF
VREF
01104-053
VOSA + VOSB
AD8572
V–
Figure 53. Top View of AD8572 SOIC Layout with Guard Rings
Other potential sources of offset error are thermoelectric
voltages on the circuit board. This voltage, also called Seebeck
voltage, occurs at the junction of two dissimilar metals and is
proportional to the junction temperature. The most common
metallic junctions on a circuit board are solder-to-board trace
and solder-to-component lead. Figure 54 shows a cross-section
view of the thermal voltage error sources. When the
temperature of the PCB at one end of the component (TA1)
differs from the temperature at the other end (TA2), the Seebeck
voltages are not equal, resulting in a thermal voltage error.
HIGH GAIN, CMRR, AND PSRR
Common-mode and power supply rejection are indications of
the amount of offset voltage an amplifier has as a result of a
change in its input common-mode or power supply voltages. As
shown in the Amplification Phase section, the autocorrection
architecture of the AD857x allows it to effectively minimize
offset voltages. The technique also corrects for offset errors
caused by common-mode voltage swings and power supply
variations, which results in superb CMRR and PSRR figures in
excess of 130 dB. Because the autocorrection occurs continuously,
these figures can be maintained across the entire temperature
range of the device, from −40°C to +125°C.
This thermocouple error can be reduced by using dummy
components to match the thermoelectric error source. Placing
the dummy component as close as possible to its partner ensures
both Seebeck voltages are equal, thus canceling the thermocouple
error. Maintaining a constant ambient temperature on the
circuit board further reduces this error. The use of a ground
plane helps distribute heat throughout the board and also
reduces EMI noise pickup.
MAXIMIZING PERFORMANCE THROUGH PROPER
LAYOUT
To achieve the maximum performance of the extremely high
input impedance and low offset voltage of the AD857x, care
should be taken in the circuit board layout. The PCB surface
must remain clean and free of moisture to avoid leakage
currents between adjacent traces. Surface coating of the circuit
board reduces surface moisture and provides a humidity barrier,
reducing parasitic resistance on the board. The use of guard rings
around the amplifier inputs further reduces leakage currents.
Figure 52 shows how the guard ring should be configured, and
Figure 53 shows the top view of how a surface-mount layout
can be arranged. The guard ring does not need to be a specific
width, but it should form a continuous loop around both inputs.
By setting the guard ring voltage equal to the voltage at the
noninverting input, parasitic capacitance is minimized as well.
For further reduction of leakage currents, components can be
mounted to the PCB using Teflon® standoff insulators.
COMPONENT
LEAD
VSC1
VTS1
–
–
+
+
SURFACE MOUNT
COMPONENT
SOLDER
VSC2
–
+
+
VTS2
–
PC BOARD
TA1
TA2
COPPER
TRACE
IF TA1 ≠ TA2, THEN
VTS1 + VSC1 ≠ VTS2 + VSC2
Figure 54. Mismatch in Seebeck Voltages Causes
a Thermoelectric Voltage Error
RF
R1
VOUT
AD8572
V
IN
VOUT
VIN
AD8572
RS = R1
AD8571/AD8572/
AD8574
VIN
VOUT
AD8572
Figure 52. Guard Ring Layout and Connections to
Reduce PCB Leakage Currents
Rev. C | Page 16 of 24
Figure 55. Using Dummy Components to Cancel
Thermoelectric Voltage Errors
01104-055
AV = 1 + (RF /R1)
RS SHOULD BE PLACED IN CLOSE PROXIMITY AND
ALIGNMENT TO R1 TO BALANCE SEEBECK VOLTAGES
01104-052
VIN
VOUT
01104-054
VOS , EFF ≈
R2
AD8571/AD8572/AD8574
0
1/f NOISE CHARACTERISTICS
6
7
8
9
OUTPUT SIGNAL
01104-057
6
7
8
9
10
VS = 5V
AV = 60dB
OUTPUT SIGNAL
–40
–60
–80
–120
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
FREQUENCY (kHz)
Figure 58. Spectral Analysis of AD8572 in High Gain with an Input Signal
01104-056
5
5
–100
–120
4
4
–20
–100
3
3
0
–80
2
2
Figure 58 shows the spectral output of an AD8572 configured in
a high gain (60 dB) with a 1 mV input signal applied. Note the
absence of any IMD products in the spectrum. The signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) of the output signal is better than 60 dB, or 0.1%.
–60
1
1
Figure 57. Spectral Analysis of AD857x Output with 60 dB Gain
–40
–160
0
FREQUENCY (kHz)
VS = 5V
AV = 0dB
–140
–80
–120
0
–20
–60
–100
RANDOM AUTO-ZERO CORRECTION ELIMINATES
INTERMODULATION DISTORTION
The AD857x can be used as a conventional op amp for gains up
to 1 MHz. The auto-zero correction frequency of the device
continuously varies, based on a pseudorandom generator with a
uniform distribution from 2 kHz to 4 kHz. The randomization
of the autocorrection clock creates a continuous randomization
of intermodulation distortion (IMD) products that show up as
simple broadband noise at the output of the amplifier. This
broadband noise naturally combines with the amplifier voltage
noise in a root-squared-sum fashion, resulting in an output free
IMD. Figure 56 shows the spectral output of an AD8572 with
the amplifier configured for unity gain and the input grounded.
Figure 57 shows the spectral output with the amplifier
configured for a gain of 60 dB.
–40
01104-058
Because the AD857x amplifiers are self-correcting op amps,
they do not have increasing flicker noise at lower frequencies. In
essence, low frequency noise is treated as a slowly varying offset
error and is greatly reduced as a result of autocorrection. The
correction becomes more effective as the noise frequency
approaches dc, offsetting the tendency of the noise to increase
exponentially as frequency decreases, which allows the AD857x
to have lower noise near dc than standard low noise amplifiers
that are susceptible to 1/f noise.
VS = 5V
AV = 60dB
–20
OUTPUT SIGNAL
Another advantage of auto-zero amplifiers is their ability to
cancel flicker noise. Flicker noise, also known as 1/f noise, is
noise inherent in the physics of semiconductor devices and
increases 3 dB for every octave decrease in frequency. The 1/f
corner frequency of an amplifier is the frequency at which the
flicker noise is equal to the broadband noise of the amplifier.
At lower frequencies, flicker noise dominates, causing higher
degrees of error for sub-Hertz frequencies or dc precision
applications.
10
FREQUENCY (kHz)
Figure 56. Spectral Analysis of AD8572 Output in Unity Gain Configuration
Rev. C | Page 17 of 24
AD8571/AD8572/AD8574
BROADBAND AND EXTERNAL RESISTOR NOISE CONSIDERATIONS
The total broadband noise output from any amplifier is
primarily a function of three types of noise: input voltage noise
from the amplifier, input current noise from the amplifier,
and Johnson noise from the external resistors used around the
amplifier. Input voltage noise, or en, is strictly a function of the
amplifier used. The Johnson noise from a resistor is a function
of the resistance and the temperature. Input current noise, or in,
creates an equivalent voltage noise proportional to the resistors
used around the amplifier. These noise sources are not correlated
with each other and their combined noise sums in a rootsquared-sum fashion. The full equation is given as
en, TOTAL = [en 2 + 4kTrs + (inrs )2 ]1/ 2
(15)
The output overdrive recovery for an autocorrection amplifier is
defined as the time it takes for the output to correct to its final
voltage from an overload state. It is measured by placing the
amplifier in a high gain configuration with an input signal that
forces the output voltage to the supply rail. The input voltage is
then stepped down to the linear region of the amplifier, usually
to halfway between the supplies. The time from the input signal
step-down to the output settling to within 100 μV of its final
value is the overdrive recovery time. Many autocorrection
amplifiers require a number of auto-zero clock cycles to recover
from output overdrive, and some can take several milliseconds
for the output to settle properly.
INPUT OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION
where:
en is the input voltage noise of the amplifier.
in is the input current noise of the amplifier.
rs is the source resistance connected to the noninverting
terminal.
k is Boltzmann’s constant (1.38 × 10−23 J/K).
T is the ambient temperature in Kelvin (K = 273.15 + °C).
The input voltage noise density, en, of the AD857x is 51 nV/√Hz,
and the input noise, in, is 2 fA/√Hz. The en, TOTAL is dominated by
the input voltage noise provided that the source resistance is less
than 172 kΩ. With source resistance greater than 172 kΩ, the
overall noise of the system is dominated by the Johnson noise of
the resistor itself.
Because the input current noise of the AD857x is very small, in
does not become a dominant term unless rs > 4 GΩ, which is an
impractical value of source resistance.
The total noise, en, TOTAL, is expressed in volts-per-square-root
Hertz, and the equivalent rms noise over a certain bandwidth
can be found as
en = en, TOTAL × BW
(16)
Although the AD857x are rail-to-rail input amplifiers, care
should be taken to ensure that the potential difference between
the inputs does not exceed 5 V. Under normal operating conditions,
the amplifier corrects its output to ensure the two inputs are at the
same voltage. However, if the device is configured as a comparator,
or is under some unusual operating condition, the input
voltages may be forced to different potentials, which could
cause excessive current to flow through the internal diodes in
the AD857x used to protect the input stage against overvoltage.
If either input exceeds either supply rail by more than 0.3 V,
large amounts of current begin to flow through the ESD
protection diodes in the amplifier. These diodes are connected
between the inputs and each supply rail to protect the input
transistors against an electrostatic discharge event and are
normally reverse-biased. However, if the input voltage exceeds
the supply voltage, these ESD diodes become forward-biased.
Without current-limiting, excessive amounts of current can
flow through these diodes, causing permanent damage to the
device. If inputs are subject to overvoltage, appropriate series
resistors should be inserted to limit the diode current to less
than 2 mA.
OUTPUT PHASE REVERSAL
where BW is the bandwidth of interest in Hertz.
OUTPUT OVERDRIVE RECOVERY
The AD857x amplifiers have an excellent overdrive recovery
of only 200 μs from either supply rail. This characteristic is
particularly difficult for autocorrection amplifiers because the
nulling amplifier requires a substantial amount of time to error
correct the main amplifier back to a valid output. Figure 29 and
Figure 30 show the positive and negative overdrive recovery
times for the AD857x.
Output phase reversal occurs in some amplifiers when the input
common-mode voltage range is exceeded. As common-mode
voltage moves outside the common-mode range, the outputs of
these amplifiers suddenly jump in the opposite direction to
the supply rail. This is the result of the differential input pair
shutting down, causing a radical shifting of internal voltages
that results in the erratic output behavior.
The AD857x amplifier has been carefully designed to prevent
any output phase reversal, provided both inputs are maintained
within the supply voltages. If one or both inputs exceed either
supply voltage, a resistor should be placed in series with the
input to limit the current to less than 2 mA to ensure the output
does not reverse its phase.
Rev. C | Page 18 of 24
AD8571/AD8572/AD8574
CAPACITIVE LOAD DRIVE
The AD857x have excellent capacitive load driving capabilities
and can safely drive up to 10 nF from a single 5 V supply.
Although the device is stable, capacitive loading limits the
bandwidth of the amplifier. Capacitive loads also increase the
amount of overshoot and ringing at the output. An RC snubber
network, shown in Figure 59, can be used to compensate the
amplifier against capacitive load ringing and overshoot.
AD8571/
AD8572/
AD8574
VIN
+
200mV p-p
Rx
60Ω
Cx
0.47µF
VOUT
CL
4.7nF
Table 5. Snubber Network Values for Driving Capacitive Loads
CLOAD (nF)
1
4.7
10
Rx (Ω)
200
60
20
Cx
1 nF
0.47 μF
10 μF
POWER-UP BEHAVIOR
01104-059
5V
–
The optimum value for the resistor and capacitor is a function
of the load capacitance and is best determined empirically since
actual CLOAD includes stray capacitances and can differ substantially
from the nominal capacitive load. Table 5 shows some snubber
network values that can be used as starting points.
Figure 59. Snubber Network Configuration for Driving Capacitive Loads
Although the snubber does not recover the loss of amplifier
bandwidth from the load capacitance, it does allow the amplifier
to drive larger values of capacitance while maintaining a minimum
of overshoot and ringing. Figure 60 shows the output of an
AD857x driving a 1 nF capacitor with and without a snubber
network.
On power-up, the AD857x settle to a valid output within 5 μs.
Figure 61 shows an oscilloscope photo of the output of the
amplifier along with the power supply voltage. Figure 62 shows
the test circuit. With the amplifier configured for unity gain, the
device takes approximately 5 μs to settle to its final output
voltage, hundreds of microseconds faster than many other
autocorrection amplifiers.
VOUT
10μs
WITH
SNUBBER
0V
V+
0V
WITHOUT
SNUBBER
100mV
1V
01104-061
VS = 5V
CLOAD = 4.7nF
01104-060
5µs
BOTTOM TRACE = 2V/DIV
TOP TRACE = 1V/DIV
Figure 61. AD857x Output Behavior on Power-Up
Figure 60. Overshoot and Ringing Are Substantially
Reduced Using a Snubber Network
100kΩ
VSY = 0V TO 5V
AD8571/
AD8572/
AD8574
VOUT
Figure 62. AD857x Test Circuit for Turn-On Time
Rev. C | Page 19 of 24
01104-062
100kΩ
AD8571/AD8572/AD8574
APPLICATIONS
R2
5 V PRECISION STRAIN GAGE CIRCUIT
R1
V2
R3
V1
R4
IF
The REF192 provides a 2.5 V precision reference voltage for A2.
The A2 amplifier boosts this voltage to provide a 4.0 V reference
for the top of the strain gage resistor bridge. Q1 provides the
current drive for the 350 Ω bridge network. A1 is used to amplify
the output of the bridge with the full-scale output voltage equal to
2 × (R1 + R 2 )
R4
R2
R2
=
, THEN VOUT =
R3
R1
R1
(V1 – V2)
VOUT
Figure 64. Using the AD857x as a Difference Amplifier
In an ideal difference amplifier, the ratio of the resistors is set
equal to
AV =
(17)
RB
AD8571/
AD8572/
AD8574
01104-064
The extremely low offset voltage of the AD8572 makes it an ideal
amplifier for any application requiring accuracy with high gains,
such as a weigh scale or strain gage. Figure 63 shows a configuration for a single-supply, precision strain gage measurement system.
R2
R1
=
R4
(19)
R3
Set the output voltage of the system to
where RB is the resistance of the load cell.
B
VOUT = AV (V1 − V2)
Using the values given in Figure 63, the output voltage linearly
varies from 0 V with no strain to 4 V under full strain.
2
4.0V
1kΩ
3
A2
4
AD8572-B
12kΩ
40mV
FULL-SCALE
CMRR =
20kΩ
R1
17.4kΩ
350Ω
LOAD
CELL
REF192
R2
100Ω
A1
R3
17.4kΩ
NOTE:
USE 0.1% TOLERANCE RESISTORS.
AD8572-A
VOUT
0V TO 4V
R4
100Ω
R1R4 + 2R2R4 + R2R3
CMRRMIN =
Figure 63. 5 V Precision Strain Gage Amplifier
The high common-mode rejection, high open-loop gain,
and operation down to 3 V of supply voltage make the
AD857x family an excellent choice of op amp for discrete
single-supply instrumentation amplifiers. The common-mode
rejection ratio of the AD857x is greater than 120 dB, but the
CMRR of the system is also a function of the external resistor
tolerances. The gain of the difference amplifier shown in Figure 64
is given as
VOUT
1
(22)
2δ
AD8574-A
V2
3 V INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER
⎛ R4 ⎞ ⎛
⎛ R2 ⎞
R1 ⎞
= V 1⎜
⎟ ⎜1 +
⎟ − V 2⎜
⎟
R2 ⎠
⎝ R3 + R 4 ⎠ ⎝
⎝ R1 ⎠
(21)
2R1R4 − 2R2R3
In the 3-op amp instrumentation amplifier configuration shown
in Figure 65, the output difference amplifier is set to unity gain
with all four resistors equal in value. If the tolerance of the
resistors used in the circuit is given as δ, the worst-case CMRR
of the instrumentation amplifier is
01104-063
Q1
2N2222
OR
EQUIVALENT
6
2.5V
Due to finite component tolerance, the ratio between the four
resistors is not exactly equal, and any mismatch results in a
reduction of common-mode rejection from the system. Referring
to Figure 64, the exact common-mode rejection ratio can be
expressed as
RG
R
R
R
R
R
VOUT
R
V1
AD8574-B
VOUT = 1 +
AD8574-C
RTRIM
2R
(V1 – V2)
RG
01104-065
5V
(20)
Figure 65. Discrete Instrumentation Amplifier Configuration
(18)
Therefore, using 1% tolerance resistors results in a worst-case
system CMRR of 0.02, or 34 dB. To achieve high commonmode rejection, either high precision resistors or an additional
trimming resistor, as shown in Figure 65, should be used. The value
of this trimming resistor should be equal to the value of R
multiplied by its tolerance. For example, using 10 kΩ resistors
with 1% tolerance would require a series trimming resistor
equal to 100 Ω.
Rev. C | Page 20 of 24
AD8571/AD8572/AD8574
HIGH ACCURACY THERMOCOUPLE AMPLIFIER
Figure 66 shows a K-type thermocouple amplifier configuration
with cold-junction compensation. Even from a 5 V supply, the
AD8571 can provide enough accuracy to achieve a resolution of
better than 0.02°C from 0°C to 500°C. D1 is used as a temperature measuring device to correct the cold-junction error from
the thermocouple and should be placed as close as possible to
the two terminating junctions. With the thermocouple measuring
tip immersed in a 0°C ice bath, R6 should be adjusted until the
output is at 0 V.
Using the values shown in Figure 66, the output voltage tracks
temperature at 10 mV/°C. For a wider range of temperature
measurement, R9 can be decreased to 62 kΩ. This creates a
5 mV/°C change at the output, allowing measurements of up
to 1000°C.
6
R1
100Ω
3
S
M1
Si9433
R9
124kΩ
5V
0.1µF
8
1/2
AD8572
1
R2
2.49kΩ
+
R2
2.74kΩ
R8
453Ω
G
D
MONITOR
OUTPUT
10µF
0.1µF
2
Figure 67. High-Side Load Current Monitor
8
1
R6
200Ω
R4
5.62kΩ
3
R3
53.6Ω
4
V+
AD8572
0V TO 5V
(0°C TO 500°C)
R2
2.49kΩ
01104-066
+
V+
3V
4
R5
40.2kΩ
D1
+
IL
2
1N4148
–
RSENSE
0.1Ω
3V
4
–
(24)
For the component values shown in Figure 68, the output
transfer function decreases from V at –2.5 V/A.
5V
R1
10.7kΩ
K-TYPE
THERMOCOUPLE
40.7µV/°C
R2
× RSENSE × I L ⎞⎟
VOUT = V+ − ⎛⎜
⎝ R1
⎠
01104-067
0.1µF
Figure 68 shows the low-side monitor equivalent. In this circuit,
the input common-mode voltage to the AD8572 is at or near
ground. Again, a 0.1 Ω resistor provides a voltage drop proportional to the return current. The output voltage is given as
VOUT
Figure 66. Precision K-Type Thermocouple Amplifier
with Cold-Junction Compensation
Q1
V+
PRECISION CURRENT METER
Because of its low input bias current and superb offset voltage at
single-supply voltages, the AD857x family is an excellent
amplifier for precision current monitoring. Its rail-to-rail input
allows the amplifier to be used as either a high-side or a lowside current monitor. Using both amplifiers in the AD8572
provides a simple method to monitor both current supply and
return paths for load or fault detection.
Figure 67 shows a high-side current monitor configuration.
Here, the input common-mode voltage of the amplifier is at or
near the positive supply voltage. The rail-to-rail input of the
amplifier provides a precise measurement, even with the input
common-mode voltage at the supply voltage. The CMOS input
structure does not draw any input bias current, ensuring a
minimum of measurement error.
The 0.1 Ω resistor creates a voltage drop to the noninverting
input of the AD857x. The output of the amplifier is corrected
until this voltage appears at the inverting input, which creates a
current through R1 that in turn flows through R2. The monitor
output is given by
Monitor Output = R2 × (RSENSE/R1) × IL
R1
100Ω
1/2 AD8572
RSENSE
0.1Ω
RETURN TO
GROUND
01104-068
2
12V
REF02EZ
Using the components shown in Figure 67, the monitor output
transfer function is 2.5 V/A.
Figure 68. Low-Side Load Current Monitor
PRECISION VOLTAGE COMPARATOR
The AD857x can be operated open-loop and used as a precision
comparator. The AD857x have less than 50 μV of offset voltage
when run in this configuration. The slight increase of offset
voltage stems from the fact that the autocorrection architecture
operates with the lowest offset in a closed-loop configuration,
that is, one with negative feedback. With 50 mV of overdrive,
the device has a propagation delay of 15 μs on the rising edge
and 8 μs on the falling edge.
Care should be taken to ensure the maximum differential voltage of
the device is not exceeded. For more information, see the Input
Overvoltage Protection section.
(23)
Rev. C | Page 21 of 24
AD8571/AD8572/AD8574
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
3.20
3.00
2.80
8
3.20
3.00
2.80
3.10
3.00
2.90
1
8
5.15
4.90
4.65
5
4.50
4.40
4.30
4
1
PIN 1
0.65 BSC
4
0.65 BSC
1.10 MAX
0.38
0.22
COPLANARITY
0.10
6.40 BSC
PIN 1
0.95
0.85
0.75
0.15
0.00
5
0.80
0.60
0.40
8°
0°
0.23
0.08
0.15
0.05
1.20
MAX
COPLANARITY
0.10
SEATING
PLANE
0.30
0.19
SEATING 0.20
PLANE
0.09
8°
0°
0.75
0.60
0.45
COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-153-AA
COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-187-AA
Figure 71. 8-Lead Thin Shrink Small Outline Package [TSSOP]
(RU-8)
Dimensions shown in millimeters
Figure 69. 8-Lead Mini Small Outline Package [MSOP]
(RM-8)
Dimensions shown in millimeters
5.00 (0.1968)
4.80 (0.1890)
8
1
5
4
1.27 (0.0500)
BSC
0.25 (0.0098)
0.10 (0.0040)
COPLANARITY
0.10
SEATING
PLANE
6.20 (0.2441)
5.80 (0.2284)
1.75 (0.0688)
1.35 (0.0532)
0.51 (0.0201)
0.31 (0.0122)
14
0.50 (0.0196)
0.25 (0.0099)
45°
6.40
BSC
1
8°
0°
0.25 (0.0098)
0.17 (0.0067)
8
4.50
4.40
4.30
7
PIN 1
1.27 (0.0500)
0.40 (0.0157)
COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MS-012-A A
CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS; INCH DIMENSIONS
(IN PARENTHESES) ARE ROUNDED-OFF MILLIMETER EQUIVALENTS FOR
REFERENCE ONLY AND ARE NOT APPROPRIATE FOR USE IN DESIGN.
1.05
1.00
0.80
012407-A
4.00 (0.1574)
3.80 (0.1497)
5.10
5.00
4.90
0.65
BSC
1.20
MAX
0.15
0.05
0.30
0.19
0.20
0.09
SEATING
COPLANARITY
PLANE
0.10
8°
0°
COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-153-AB-1
Figure 72. 14-Lead Thin Shrink Small Outline Package [TSSOP]
(RU-14)
Dimensions shown in millimeters
Figure 70. 8-Lead Standard Small Outline Package [SOIC_N]
Narrow Body (R-8)
Dimensions shown in millimeters and inches
Rev. C | Page 22 of 24
0.75
0.60
0.45
AD8571/AD8572/AD8574
8.75 (0.3445)
8.55 (0.3366)
8
14
1
7
1.27 (0.0500)
BSC
0.25 (0.0098)
0.10 (0.0039)
COPLANARITY
0.10
0.51 (0.0201)
0.31 (0.0122)
6.20 (0.2441)
5.80 (0.2283)
0.50 (0.0197)
0.25 (0.0098)
1.75 (0.0689)
1.35 (0.0531)
SEATING
PLANE
45°
8°
0°
0.25 (0.0098)
0.17 (0.0067)
1.27 (0.0500)
0.40 (0.0157)
COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MS-012-AB
CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS; INCH DIMENSIONS
(IN PARENTHESES) ARE ROUNDED-OFF MILLIMETER EQUIVALENTS FOR
REFERENCE ONLY AND ARE NOT APPROPRIATE FOR USE IN DESIGN.
060606-A
4.00 (0.1575)
3.80 (0.1496)
Figure 73. 14-Lead Standard Small Outline Package [SOIC_N]
Narrow Body (R-14)
Dimensions shown in millimeters and (inches)
ORDERING GUIDE
Model
AD8571AR
AD8571AR-REEL
AD8571AR-REEL7
AD8571ARZ 1
AD8571ARZ-REEL1
AD8571ARZ-REEL71
AD8571ARM-R2
AD8571ARM-REEL
AD8571ARMZ-R21
AD8571ARMZ-REEL1
AD8572AR
AD8572AR-REEL
AD8572AR-REEL7
AD8572ARZ1
AD8572ARZ-REEL1
AD8572ARZ-REEL71
AD8572ARU
AD8572ARU-REEL
AD8572ARUZ1
AD8572ARUZ-REEL1
AD8574AR
AD8574AR-REEL
AD8574AR-REEL7
AD8574ARZ1
AD8574ARZ-REEL1
AD8574ARZ-REEL71
AD8574ARU
AD8574ARU-REEL
AD8574ARUZ1
AD8574ARUZ-REEL1
1
Temperature Range
−40°C to +125°C
−40°C to +125°C
−40°C to +125°C
−40°C to +125°C
−40°C to +125°C
−40°C to +125°C
−40°C to +125°C
−40°C to +125°C
−40°C to +125°C
−40°C to +125°C
−40°C to +125°C
−40°C to +125°C
−40°C to +125°C
−40°C to +125°C
−40°C to +125°C
−40°C to +125°C
−40°C to +125°C
−40°C to +125°C
−40°C to +125°C
−40°C to +125°C
−40°C to +125°C
−40°C to +125°C
−40°C to +125°C
−40°C to +125°C
−40°C to +125°C
−40°C to +125°C
−40°C to +125°C
−40°C to +125°C
−40°C to +125°C
−40°C to +125°C
Package Description
8-Lead SOIC_N
8-Lead SOIC_N
8-Lead SOIC_N
8-Lead SOIC_N
8-Lead SOIC_N
8-Lead SOIC_N
8-Lead MSOP
8-Lead MSOP
8-Lead MSOP
8-Lead MSOP
8-Lead SOIC_N
8-Lead SOIC_N
8-Lead SOIC_N
8-Lead SOIC_N
8-Lead SOIC_N
8-Lead SOIC_N
8-Lead TSSOP
8-Lead TSSOP
8-Lead TSSOP
8-Lead TSSOP
14-Lead SOIC_N
14-Lead SOIC_N
14-Lead SOIC_N
14-Lead SOIC_N
14-Lead SOIC_N
14-Lead SOIC_N
14-Lead TSSOP
14-Lead TSSOP
14-Lead TSSOP
14-Lead TSSOP
Z = RoHS Compliant Part, # denote RoHS compliant product may be top or bottom marked.
Rev. C | Page 23 of 24
Package Option
R-8
R-8
R-8
R-8
R-8
R-8
RM-8
RM-8
RM-8
RM-8
R-8
R-8
R-8
R-8
R-8
R-8
RU-8
RU-8
RU-8
RU-8
R-14
R-14
R-14
R-14
R-14
R-14
RU-14
RU-14
RU-14
RU-14
Branding
AJA
AJA
AJA#
AJA #
AD8571/AD8572/AD8574
NOTES
©1999-2007 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and
registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
C01104-0-5/07(C)
Rev. C | Page 24 of 24