MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver Features and Benefits Application Examples Conforms with ISO/IEC 18092 (NFC) Conforms with ISO/IEC 14443A and B, Conforms with ISO/IEC 15693 Conforms with ISO/IEC 18000-3 mode 1 High speed communication (up to 848kbit/s) Standard SPI/UART interfaces Built-in Field and TAG detectors NFC enabled car for access and start Combo NFC and Wireless Power Charging solutions NFC applications in Industrial area (e.g. White goods, security …) Ordering Information Part Code MLX90132 MLX90132 Temperature Code R (-40°C to 105°C) R (-40°C to 105°C) Package Code LQ (Lead free QFN 5x5 32 leads) LQ (Lead free QFN 5x5 32 leads) Option Code AEA-000 AEA-000 Packing Form Code RE TU MLX90132 MLX90132 S (-20°C to 85°C) S (-20°C to 85°C) LQ (Lead free QFN 5x5 32 leads) LQ (Lead free QFN 5x5 32 leads) AEA-000 AEA-000 RE TU The dual driver architecture of the MLX90132 requires minimal external support components and allows the transmitter to provide up to 300milliwatts RF power to an appropriate antenna load. This delivered power is suitable for most short to mid-range applications. Functional Diagram MLX90132 RX1 TX1 microcontroller TX2 RX2 Analog section Digital section SPI/UART Figure 1: MLX90132 functional diagram Description The MLX90132 is a 13.56MHz, fully integrated, multi-protocol RFID/NFC transceiver IC. It has been designed to handle sub-carrier frequencies from 106 to 848 kHz and baud rates up to 848kbit/s. The MLX90132 embeds tag emulation functionality to support NFC Peer to Peer passive communication mode. Enhanced tag and field detection capabilities provide significant power consumption reduction in RFID reader configuration and in NFC mode. The digital section of the MLX90132 handles the low protocol layers from API to physical layer using advanced bit and frame encoding/decoding functions. It contains a digital demodulator based on sub-carrier detection and a programmable bit/symbol encoder/decoder. It also encodes and decodes the start and stop bits, parity bits, extra guard time (EGT), start and end of frame (SOF/EOF) and CRC. Its 528 byte buffer handles an entire RFID frame. The SPI/UART communication ports guarantee easy interface with the majority of microcontrollers. 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 1 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver Table of Contents 1 Pin and signal descriptions ...............................................................................................................................3 2 General Description ..........................................................................................................................................4 3 Power Management and Operating modes......................................................................................................6 4 Start-up sequence ............................................................................................................................................8 5 Communication Interface & protocol ................................................................................................................9 5.1 UART .........................................................................................................................................................9 5.2 SPI ...........................................................................................................................................................10 5.2.1 Polling mode......................................................................................................................................10 5.2.2 IRQ mode ..........................................................................................................................................11 6 Commands .....................................................................................................................................................12 6.1 Command format .....................................................................................................................................12 6.2 List of commands .....................................................................................................................................12 6.3 IDN command (0x01) ...............................................................................................................................13 6.4 Protocol select command (0x02) .............................................................................................................13 6.5 PollField command (0x03) .......................................................................................................................18 6.6 SendRecv command (0x04) ....................................................................................................................19 6.6.1 Support of extended frames ..............................................................................................................21 6.6.2 List of Error codes .............................................................................................................................22 6.7 Listen command (0x05) ...........................................................................................................................23 6.8 Send command (0x06).............................................................................................................................25 6.9 Idle command (0x07) ...............................................................................................................................26 6.10 BaudRate command (0x0A) ..................................................................................................................28 6.11 SubFreqRes command (0x0B) ..............................................................................................................28 6.12 AcFilter command (0x0D) ......................................................................................................................29 7 Modifying internal settings for optimal performances .....................................................................................30 7.1.1 Example: How to modify the ARC_B register ...................................................................................30 7.1.2 Example how to read back WUFlags content ...................................................................................31 8 Tag Detector ...................................................................................................................................................32 8.1 Operating Principle ..................................................................................................................................32 8.2 Calibration procedure...............................................................................................................................33 9 Field Detector .................................................................................................................................................33 10 Electromagnetic support (EMD) ...................................................................................................................34 11 Application Information .................................................................................................................................37 11.1 External Antenna network ......................................................................................................................37 11.2 Application schematic ............................................................................................................................37 12 Electrical Specifications ................................................................................................................................38 12.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings ...................................................................................................................38 12.2 DC Characteristics .................................................................................................................................38 12.3 Power Consumption Characteristics......................................................................................................38 12.4 RF Characteristics .................................................................................................................................39 12.5 SPI Characteristics ................................................................................................................................40 12.6 Oscillator Characteristics .......................................................................................................................41 14 ESD Precautions ..........................................................................................................................................42 15 Standard information regarding manufacturability of Melexis products with different soldering processes 42 16 Package Information.....................................................................................................................................43 17 Disclaimer .....................................................................................................................................................44 18 Contact Information ......................................................................................................................................44 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 2 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 1 Pin and signal descriptions GND_DIG NSS 25 UARTTX/IRQOUT MISO MOSI SCK SSI_0 SSI_1 NC The device is packaged in a 32 pin lead free QFN package. 1 VDD XIN UARTRX/IRQIN XOUT VDC GND_TX Exposed Pad (EXP) VDD_TX RX1 RX2 TX1 GND_RX TX2 NC NC 17 NC Pin Symbol NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC 9 Pin Type Description 1 GND_dig Supply Ground (Digital) 2 XIN Analog Xtal oscillator input 3 XOUT Analog Xtal oscillator output 4 GND_TX Supply Ground (Drivers) 5 VDD_TX Supply Drivers Power Supply 6 TX1 Analog Driver output_1 7 TX2 Analog Driver output_2 19 GND_RX Supply Ground (analog) 20 RX2 Analog Receiver input_2 21 RX1 Analog Receiver input_1 22 VDC Analog Melexis Reserved 23 UART_RX / IRQ_in Digital I UART Receive pin/Interrupt input 24 VDD Supply Main Power Supply 25 UART_TX / IRQ_out Digital O UART Transmit pin/Interrupt output 26 NSS Digital I SPI Slave Select 27 MISO Digital O SPI data output 28 MOSI Digital I SPI data input 29 SCK Digital I SPI clock 30 SSI_0 Digital I Select serial communication interface 31 8-18, 32 SSI_1 NC Digital I Must be set to GND Exposed Pad Must be set to GND EXP Not connected Table 1: Pin definitions and descriptions 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 3 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 2 General Description GND_TX GND_RX GND_dig VDD_TX VDD MLX90132 Power Supply XIN XOUT Clock Status & Control register Rx Reader RX1 Digital demodulation RX2 Tag Front-End Tag/Field detector TX1 TX2 Tx Drivers NSS Digital control & protocol handling SCK Interface block MISO MOSI IRQ_IN (UART_RX) IRQ_OUT (UART_TX) Digital Modulation Figure 2: MLX90132 simplified block diagram Power Supply The MLX90132 is supplied with the 2 pins VDD (supply of the digital and analog blocks) and VDD_TX (direct supply of the TX Drivers), each requiring a nominal stable external power supply from 2.7 to 5.5 volt. Both pins VDD and VDD_TX are independent and could be connected together to the same power supply level or to different ones. The current drain depends on the antenna impedance and on the output matching network configuration. Special attention should be paid to the filtering of VDD_TX. Typically, a ferrite and a decoupling capacitor will be added close to the MLX90132 device. TX Drivers The transmission stage of the MLX90132 is composed of two differential outputs T X1 and TX2, providing square waves with a frequency of f HFO (typ. 13.56MHz), an amplitude of VDD_TX and with a phase shift of 180 degrees. Each output is featuring an equivalent serial resistance R ON which has to be taken into account when calculating the antenna matching network. The transmission stage of the MLX90132 could be modulated using Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) with a modulation index between 10% and 100%. The modulation index is automatically set with the selection of the protocol of communication, using the command Protocol select command (0x02). The modulation index could be fine adjusted by following the procedure described in the section Modifying internal settings for optimal performances. In TAG emulation mode, the two outputs TX1 and TX2 are internally connected together, insuring a proper parallel resonance of the antenna. In this configuration, the two serial capacitors CS are put in parallel to the parallel capacitor CP. This operation is done automatically when selecting TAG emulation modes and should also be taken into account when defining an EMI filter for EMC considerations. 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 4 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver RX Reader The reception stage of the MLX90132 is used in Reader mode to receive information from a transponder or an NFC/RFID device. This stage performs the analog demodulation using two internal diode detectors on RX1 and RX2.The information is then filtered with the appropriate bandwidth and finally digitized for further processing. The receiver inputs RX1 and RX2 are typically connected to the resonance point of the antenna, through two external attenuation resistors or capacitors to avoid saturation of the internal detector set to VRXMAX. The complete receiver stage is automatically configured according to the protocol in use (Protocol select command (0x02)). Tag Front-end This block is enabled in Tag emulation mode and performs all operations related to Tag emulation functionality with low power consumption. The modulated information coming from an NFC/RFID device is demodulated through the two built-in detectors connected on RX1 and RX2, filtered with the appropriate bandwidth and finally digitized for further processing. The full settings of the Tag front-end stage are automatically set with the selected protocol using the Protocol select command (0x02). The load modulation used to send back the information in TAG emulation mode is also performed by the Tag front-end block. In this case, an internal resistor is connected between the two inputs RX1 and RX2, modifying the antenna load. Digital control & protocol handling This block is responsible for the control of the device, as well as the frame coding and decoding parts of the protocols supported by the MLX90132. The MLX90132 exchanges with the application microcontroller, pure payload information after adding/removing frame related information such as SOF, EOF, EGT … It can also be configured to calculate the CRC for each communication protocol. Interface Block The MLX90132 is addressed through SPI or UART (Reader mode only) interfaces with a specific and simple set of commands. The built-in 528 byte buffer allows minimum interaction with the application microcontroller. This reduces the burden of the microcontroller whose resources can be fully dedicated for the application. Tag/Field Detector This block manages the enhanced Tag and Field detection capabilities. It generates a detection signal that is available for the application microcontroller through the interrupt pin IRQ_OUT. It allows the use of the MLX90132 with low power consumption constraints. Reference clock and internal oscillator The built-in reference oscillator works with a reference crystal fXTAL of 27.12MHz from which the internal nominal system clock frequency fHFO of 13.56 MHz is derived. An internal low frequency RC oscillator frequency fLFO of 32 kHz is used for low-power operating modes, for example to control the internal timings. In TAG emulation mode the clock is recovered from the HF field, through the built-in Clock Recovery block. In case of field loss (e.g. during Reader modulation), an internal backup clock of ~10MHz is used instead. Power management The MLX90132 features 2 modes of operation (Active and Idle), subdivided in 6 different states of operation: Hibernate, the device typically consumes 1µA Sleep, the device typically consumes 20µA TAG detection, the device typically consumes 45µA. TAG emulation, the device typically consumes 2.5mA. Ready (RF field OFF), the device typically consumes 2.5mA. Reader, the consumption depends on the antenna load and on the operating conditions 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 5 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 3 Power Management and Operating modes The MLX90132 features 2 main operating modes: Idle and Active, with 6 different states of operation, as described on the table below: Mode State Description Lowest power consumption, the MLX90132 wakes-up with low level pulse on IRQ_IN pin Hibernate Low Power consumption: Wake-up source to exit from this mode is configurable: Sleep - Timer - IRQ_in pin (low-level) - NSS pin (low-level) - Field detector Idle Low power consumption: Tag detection feature, wake up source is configurable Tag detection - Timer - IRQ_in pin (low level) - NSS pin (low level) - Tag detector (mandatory) Ready High frequency oscillator (HFO) is running. In this mode the MLX90132 is in reader mode with its HF field turned OFF. The MLX90132 waits for a command from the external application, through the selected serial interface SPI or UART Reader High frequency oscillator (HFO) is running. In this mode the MLX90132 is selected in reader mode with its HF field set ON. The MLX90132 is able to receive and execute commands through the selected serial interface SPI or UART and is able to communicate with transponders and NFC devices, according to the selected protocol. In Reader mode, the command “SendRecv” is used to send and receive information from an NFC/RFID transponder or devices TAG Emulation High frequency oscillator (HFO) is running. In this mode the MLX90132 is selected in Tag emulation mode with its HF field set OFF. The MLX90132 is able to receive and execute commands through the serial interface SPI and is able to communicate with an NFC/RFID reader, according to the selected protocol. In TAG emulation mode, the commands “Listen” and “Send” will be used to respectively receive/send the information from/to an NFC/RFID reader. The information is returned to the NFC/RFID reader by using load modulation method Active Table 2: MLX90132 Operating modes & States Entering in Hibernate, Sleep and Tag detector states is done with the Idle command (0x07). As soon as one of these states is activated, an appropriate source signal is required to wake-up the device (see description above). The wake-up time from Sleep or Hibernate to Ready state is typically of 2ms. This time is mainly due to settling time of XTAL oscillator (HFO). 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 6 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver In Reader state, the MLX90132 is able to communicate with Transponder (TAG). In TAG emulation state, the MLX90132 is able to communicate with a reader by emulating a Transponder. Both states could be entered using the Protocol select command (0x02). In Ready state, the MLX90132 is fully enabled but waiting for the required command to enter either the Reader or the TAG Emulation state, without settling time penalty. Please note the IDLE mode could be entered directly from Reader/Tag emulation state by sending the Idle command (0x07), no need to return to READY state to access the IDLE mode. The command Protocol select command (0x02) with the option field OFF is used to return from Reader/Tag emulation state to Ready state. Supply OFF POR START Power-up Start-up events: - Low pulse IRQ_IN Start-up Ready Sleep Wake-up events: - Low pulse IRQ_IN - Low pulse SPI_NSS - Timer - Field detector Wake-up d an m up m eo k C a W Command “IDLE” ” LE D I “ Hibernate Wake-up events: - Low pulse IRQ_IN ACTIVE Command “PROTOCOL SELECT” Reader/TAG emulation Co Note: Command “Protocol Select, field m OFF” is used to return to Ready state m an d “I W D ak IDLE LE e” up TAG detector Wake-up events: - Low pulse IRQ_IN - Low pulse SPI_NSS - Timer - TAG detector Figure 3: MLX90132 Power modes transitions 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 7 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 4 Start-up sequence Once powered-up, the MLX90132 waits for a low pulse on the pin IRQ_IN (greater than 10μs) before automatically selecting the external interface (SPI or UART) and entering Ready state after a delay of approximately 2ms. t4 VDD SSI_0 SSI_1 t1 IRQIN t0 t3 First valid command t2 Figure 4: MLX90132 operating states transition Figure 4 above shows the power-up sequence for a MLX90132 device where: 1) t0 is the initial wake-up delay 1) t1 is the minimum pulse width in IRQIN pin 1) t2 is the delay for the serial interface selection 1) t3 is the delay before the MLX90132 could accept commands 1) t4 is the VDD ramp-up time 1) Value specified by design 100μs (minimum) 10μs (minimum) 250ns (typical) 2ms (minimum) 10ms (maximum) The following configuration at power on reset (POR) is required to select the communication interface to be used. Interface/Pin SSI_1 SSI_0 SPI 0 1 UART 0 0 Table 3: Selection of the serial communication interface Notes: The Serial Interface is selected after the following falling edge of the pin IRQ_IN when leaving from POR or Hibernate states. When the MLX90132 leaves the IDLE state following a UART_RX/IRQIN low level pulse, this pulse is NOT interpreted as the UART start bit character. 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 8 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 5 Communication Interface & protocol Whatever the communication protocol selected (SPI or UART), the principle of communication is always the same: The application sends a command to the MLX90132 and waits for the appropriate answer. A simple and specific set of commands allows the configuration and control of the MLX90132. Application MLX90132 Select protocol (e.g. ISO15693, Single Sub-carrier) Send protocol related data, CRC automatically added (e.g. “022000” + CRC) Select another protocol (e.g. ISO14443A, 7-bit mode) Send protocol related data, CRC automatically (e.g. “26”) Turn field OFF → ← → Protocol selected, ready for communicate ← Return TAG answer (e.g. “001234ABCD”, CRC correct) → ← → Protocol selected, ready for communicate ← → ← Return TAG answer (e.g. “0400” , Parity is OK, CRC ignored) Field is OFF Figure 5: Example of communication with MLX90132 In order to start RFID communication, the application has to choose the protocol and specify some parameters, using the command Protocol select command (0x02). When the protocol is selected, the application sends data and parses response until the next protocol is selected or a specific parameter is changed. 5.1 UART The default baud rate is 57.6kbps and the maximum allowed baud rate is 2 Mbps. Sending command to MLX90132 Several data bytes Receiving answer from MLX90132 Several data bytes Figure 6: UART communication Notes: Option “clock recovery” (“ClkRec” in Table 11) should not be used when UART interface is selected. Therefore the UART mode is not recommended for TAG emulation mode Length of data field can be zero, in this case no data is sent. Warning: The UART communication is least significant bit (LSB) first. 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 9 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 5.2 SPI 5.2.1 Polling mode In order to send commands and receive answers, the application software has to pass 3 stages: 1. Send the command to the MLX90132 2. Poll the MLX90132 until it is ready to transmit the response. 3. Read the response. The application software should never read the MLX90132 without being sure that the MLX90132 is ready to send its response. The maximum allowed communication speed is 2Mbps. Please note that the communication speed is limited to 1.5Mbps in case of TAG emulation mode with “clock recovery” option selected (“ClkRec” in Table 11, TAG/Card emulation mode). A Control byte is used to specify the communication type and direction (see pictures below): – 00: Send command to the MLX90132 – 11: Poll the MLX90132 – 10: Read data from the MLX90132 – 01: Reset the MLX90132 The SPI_NSS line is used to select a device on the common SPI bus; the SPI_NSS active level is LOW. When the SPI_NSS line is inactive, all data sent by the application will be ignored and the SPI_MISO line will be set in high impedance state. Sending command to the MLX90132 MOSI Several data bytes Control byte MISO Polling the MLX90132 until it is ready MOSI Control byte MISO Polling Flags until ready Figure 7: SPI communication, sending command & polling method The following table shows the meaning of the flags returned by the MLX90132 device. Bit [4:7] 3 2 [1:0] Description RFU, will be set to “0000” Data can be read from MLX90132 when set Data can be sent to MLX90132 when set MLX Reserved Table 4: Interpretation of SPI flags 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 10 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver Reading data from the MLX90132 MOSI Control byte MISO Several data bytes Figure 8: SPI communication, reading data from the MLX90132 Data must be sampled by the rising edge of the SPI_SCK signal. ‘Sending’, ‘Polling’ and ‘Reading’ commands must be separated by a high level of the SPI_NSS line. For example, when the application needs to wait for data from the MLX90132, it sets to low the pin SPI_NSS and issues a ‘Polling’ command. By keeping the SPI_NSS “low”, the application can continuously read the Flags waiting for the bit indicating that the MLX90132 is ready (the flags will be automatically updated, no need to send several polling commands).Then, the application has to set high the pin SPI_NSS to finish the polling sequence. The application puts low again the pin SPI_NSS to issue a ‘Reading’ command to read data. When all data is read, the application sets high the pin SPI_NSS to terminate the communication. The MLX90132 can issue as many 'Polling' commands as necessary. For example, the application sets low the pin SPI_NSS to issue a 'Polling' commands. If the MLX90132 is not ready, the application can put high the pin SPI_NSS and continue its operations. Then, as soon as the application is ready again, it sets low the pin SPI_NSS to issue a 'Polling' commands, to see if the MLX90132 is ready. These operations are not time critical which makes it easy to insert in the application flow. Reset MLX90132 MOSI Control byte MISO Figure 9: SPI communication reset the MLX90132 Control byte 0x01 resets the MLX90132 and places the device in Power-up state. A wake-up sequence is then necessary to start again the communication with the MLX90132. Warning: The SPI communication is most significant bit (MSB) first. 5.2.2 IRQ mode When the MLX90132 is configured to use the SPI serial interface, the pin IRQ_OUT is used to give additional information to the application. When the MLX90132 is ready to send back a reply it sends an Interrupt request by setting a low level on pin IRQ_OUT, which remains low until the application reads the data. The application can use the IRQ mode to skip the polling stage. 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 11 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 6 Commands 6.1 Command format The structure of the command sent by the application is almost identical to the structure of the answer from the MLX90132, as shown below: Command: [CMD] + [LEN] + [DATA] Answer: [RESPCODE] + [LEN] + [DATA] - [CMD] = Command (1byte) [LEN] = Length including only the field DATA, zero if no data sent (1byte) [RESPCODE] = Response code, depends on the command (1byte) [DATA] = Data information, depends on the command (0 to 528bytes) 6.2 List of commands Code Command 0x01 IDN 0x02 Protocol Select 0x03 Poll field 0x04 SendRecv 0x05 Listen Listens to the data using previously selected protocol. 0x06 Send Sends data using previously selected protocol. 0x07 Idle 0x0A BaudRate 0x0B SubFreqRes 0x0D AC-Filter 0x55 Echo Other codes Description Requests short information about device and its FW version Selects communication protocol and specifies some protocol-related parameters Returns the current value of the field detector flag (“FieldDet”) Sends data using previously selected protocol and receives the response of the TAG. Switches device into Idle/Sleep/Hibernate mode and specifies which condition is used to exit from these modes Sets UART baud rate Gets the last value of sub-carrier frequency received during ISO/IEC18092 and NFC Tag Type 3 (Felica) communications Activates/deactivates anti-collision filter MLX90132 replies with an Echo of 0x55 to this command. In this specific case, the command format is not respected as the data is only 0x55 MELEXIS reserved Table 5: MLX90132 list of commands 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 12 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 6.3 IDN command (0x01) The IDN command gives information about the MLX90132 and the internal firmware version IDN0x01 Direction MCU – device Data Comment 01 00 00 <Len> <Device ID> Command code Length of data Result code Length of data Data in ASCII format Example <ROM CRC> CRC calculated for ROM content device - MCU 0100 000F4E4643204653324A41535434002ACE: 4E4643204653324A4153543400= Device ID 2ACE= CRC of internal ROM Table 6: “IDN” command description Note: It takes about 6ms to calculate the CRC for the entire ROM. Application must allow sufficient time before waiting for an answer for this command. 6.4 Protocol select command (0x02) The “Protocol Select” command automatically configures the internal registers of the MLX90132 for the best communication performances. It also prepares the MLX90132 by automatically setting the HF field ON (except in TAG emulation state). The field will be automatically switched OFF either by sending a “Protocol select” command with “Field OFF”, or when the MLX90132 returns to “Idle” mode using the “Idle” command or by selecting TAG emulation. Protocol Select 0x02 Direction MCU – device Data Comment 02 <Len> Command code Length of data Example Protocol codes (Reader) 00 = Field OFF 01 = ISO/IEC15693 02 = ISO/IEC14443-A / NFC-A 03 = ISO/IEC14443-B / NFC-B 04 = ISO/IEC18092 (212,424Kbps) / NFC-F <Protocol> Refer to examples in table: Table 8, below Protocol codes (TAG) 12 = ISO/IEC14443-A/ NFC-A 13 = ISO/IEC14443-B / NFC-B 14 = ISO/IEC18092 (212,424kbps)/ NFC-F Device - MCU Device - MCU Device - MCU <Parameters> 00 00 82 00 83 00 Depends on protocol selected, refer to Table 8 Result code Length of data Error code Length of data Error code Length of data 0000–Protocol successfully selected 8200- Invalid command length 8300 - Invalid protocol Table 7: “Protocol select” command description 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 13 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver Parameter list for different protocols (Reader) Parameters Protocol Code (Reader) Byte Bit Function Field OFF 00 0 7:0 7:6 5:4 ISO15693 01 0 3 2 1 0 7:6 0 5:4 3:0 ISO14443A NFC-A 02 Examples of commands RFU, set to ‘0’ RFU, set to ‘0’ 00 – 26kbps 01 – 52kbps 10 – 6kbps 11 – RFU 0 – Respect delay 312us 1 – Wait for SOF 0 - 100% modulation 1 – 10% modulation 0 – Single Sub-Carrier (SSC) 1 – Dual Sub-Carrier (DSC) 0 – No CRC added 1 – CRC auto. Added Transmission data rate 00 – 106kbps 01 – 212kbps 10 – 424kbps 11 – 847kbps Reception data rate 00 – 106Kbps 01 – 212Kbps 10 – 424Kbps 11 – 847Kbps 02020000 02020101 – Select ISO/IEC15693, SSC, 26kbps, modulation of 100%, CRC automatically added 02020107 – Select ISO/IEC15693, DSC, 26kbps, modulation 10%, CRC automatically added 02020200 – ISO/IEC14443A, 106kbps transmission & reception, Frame Delay Time (FDT) of 86/90µs RFU, set to ‘0’ 1 7:0 PP (max 14, i.e. 0x0E) 2 7:0 MM (max 255, i.e. 0xFF) Frame Delay Time (FDT) definition: These 3 bytes are optional. When PP, MM and DD are not specified or set to 0x00, the default value corresponds to FDT of 86/90us, used during anti-collision process. Otherwise, the following formula applies: FDT 3 7:0 DD (max 127, i.e. 0x7F) 4 7:0 NEMD 5 7:0 NEMDRES 2PP MM 1 DD 128 32 [ s] 13.56 If PP is defined, MM must be also set, but DD still remains optional Related to EMD algorithm, please refer to chapter Electromagnetic support (EMD) Related to EMD algorithm, please refer to chapter Electromagnetic support (EMD) Table 8: Parameter values for “Protocol select” command (Reader) 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 14 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver Parameter list for different protocols (Reader) Parameters Protocol Code (Reader) Byte Bit Function 7:6 0 Transmission data rate 00 – 106kbps 01 – 212kbps 10 – 424kbps 11 – 847kbps 5:4 Reception data rate 00 – 106kbps 01 – 212kbps 10 – 424kbps 11 – 847kbps 3:1 RFU, set to ‘0’ 0 ISO14443B NFC-B Examples of commands 02020301 – ISO/IEC14443B, 106kbps transmission & reception, Frame Waiting Time (FWT) of 302µs, CRC automatically added 020403010400 – ISO/IEC14443B, 106kbps transmission & reception, Frame Waiting Time (FWT) of 4.8ms, CRC automatically added 0 – No CRC added 1 – CRC auto. added 1 7:0 PP (max 14, i.e. 0x0E) 2 7:0 MM (max 255, i.e. 0xFF) 3 7:0 DD (max 127, i.e. 0x7F) 5:4 15:0 TTTT 6 7:0 YY 7 7:0 ZZ 8 7:0 NEMD 9 7:0 NEMDRES 03 Frame Waiting Time (FWT) definition: These 2 bytes are optional. The default value corresponds to a FWT of 4949ms, answer to ATTRIB. FWT 2PP MM 1 DD 128 32 [ s] 13.56 If PP is defined, MM must be also set, but DD still remains optional Timing: TR0 = TTTT/13.56 us Coded with LSB first, default value 1023 = 0x3FF Timing: Min_TR1 = 128 * YY / 13.56us. Default value: 0 Timing: Max_TR1 = 128 * ZZ / 13.56us. Default value:26 , i.e. 0x1A Related to EMD algorithm, please refer to chapter Electromagnetic support (EMD) Related to EMD algorithm, please refer to chapter Electromagnetic support (EMD) Table 9: Parameter values for “Protocol select” command (Reader) 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 15 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver Parameter list for different protocols (Reader) Parameters Protocol Code (Reader) Byte Bit Function Transmission data rate 00 – RFU 7:6 01 – 212kbps 10 – 424kbps 11 – RFU 0 5:4 Reception data rate 00 – RFU 01 – 212Kbps 10 – 424Kbps 11 – RFU 3:1 RFU, set to ‘0’ 0 7:5 ISO18092 (212,424Kb) NFC-F 04 4 0 – No CRC added 1 – CRC auto. added RFU, set to ‘0’ 0 - RWT = 2.4ms 1 – RWT is specified by PP:MM Examples of commands 02020451 – ISO/IEC18092, 212kbps for transmission & reception, CRC automatically added Parameter ‘Slot counter’ is optional, the default value 00 (1 slot) will be used, if not present in the command. For command SDD (Single Device Detection), the bit 4 must be set to 0, In this case RWT is 2.4ms for the 1st slot and 1.2ms more for each following slot as specified in protocol ISO18092 1 3:0 Slot counter 0x0 – 1 slot 0x1 – 2 slots … 0xF – 16 slots 2 7:0 PP (max 14, i.e. 0x0E) Request Waiting Time (RWT) definition: These 3 bytes are optional. The default value corresponds to a RWT of 302µs. 3 7:0 MM (max 255, i.e. 0xFF) RWT 4 7:0 DD (max 127, i.e. 0x7F) 2PP MM 1 DD 128 32 [ s] 13.56 if PP is defined, then MM must be also defined while, DD remains optional Table 10: Parameter values for “Protocol select” command (Reader) 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 16 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver Parameter list for different protocols (TAG Emulation) Parameters Protocol Code Byte Bit Function Transmission data rate 00 – 106kbps 7:6 01 – 212kbps 10..11 - RFU Reception data rate 00 – 106kbps 5:4 01 – 212kbps ISO14443A 12 0 10..11 – RFU NFC-A 0 = Return an error, if no field 1) 3 1 = Wait for field 2 RFU, set to ‘0’ 0 = HFO 1 1 = ClkRec 0 RFU, set to ‘0’ Transmission data rate 00 – 106kbps 7:6 01 – 212kbps 10 – 424kbps 11 – 847kbps Reception data rate 00 – 106kbps 5:4 01 – 212kbps ISO14443B 10 – 424kbps 13 0 NFC-B 11 – 847kbps 0 = Return an error, if no field 31) 1 = Wait for field 2 RFU, set to ‘0’ 0 = HFO 1 1 = ClkRec 0 – No CRC added 0 1 – CRC auto. added 7:4 RFU, set to ‘0’ 0 = Return an error, if no field 1) 3 1 = Wait for field 2 RFU, set to ‘0’ 0 = HFO 1 1 = ClkRec ISO18092 (212,424kb) 14 0 NFC-F 0 0 – No CRC added 1 – CRC auto. added Examples of commands Comments 02021200 – TAG/Card emulation ISO/IEC14443A, 106kbps for transmission & reception, return error if no HF field detected, HFO used as master clock 0202120A – TAG/Card emulation ISO/IEC14443A, 106kbps for transmission & reception, wait for HF field, CLKREC use as master clock 02021300 – TAG/Card emulation ISO/IEC14443B, 106kbps for transmission & reception, return error if no HF field detected, HFO use as master clock, CRC automatically added 0202130A – TAG/Card emulation ISO/IEC14443B, 106kbps for transmission & reception, wait for HF field, CLKREC use as master clock, CRC automatically added 02021400 – TAG/Card emulation ISO/IEC18092, return error if no HF field detected, HFO use as master clock, CRC automatically added Note that it is not necessary to select a data-rate for ISO18092card mode, Datarate will be automatically detected and adjusted during reception (application can read this information by sending “SubfreqRecv” command). Table 11: Parameter values for “Protocol select” command (TAG Emulation) 1) This option will be executed only after a “listen” command has been sent. Please refer to the chapter Listen command (0x05) for more information. 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 17 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 6.5 PollField command (0x03) The “PollField” command is used to detect the presence of an HF field by monitoring the flag “FieldDet”. This command returns the current value of the flag “FieldDet”. The parameters <Presc> and <Timer> can also be used to define a time during which the MLX90132 continuously scans for the presence of HFfield. The answer to the “PollField” command is available with the flag <FieldDet> updated accordingly, after the scanning period is terminated. PollField0x03 Direction Data 03 Comment Command code <Len> Length of data <Flags> <Presc> Timer flag (Optional) 01 – Wait for field appearance 00 – Wait for field disappearance Timer prescaler (Optional) MCU – device <Timer> Timer time-out (Optional) Example 0300 – Check if Field is ON or OFF 0303010FFF– Wait for field during(16*256)/13.56=302µs Parameters Flags, Presc and Timer are optional. They must be specified if application has to wait for field appearance or disappearance. The time to wait is: Time 00 01 Device - MCU <FieldDet> Result code Length of data [7:1] – RFU [0] – 0 : No HF field detected 1 : HF field detected appearance (Presc 1) (Timer 1) [s] 13.56 000101 – HF field is detected Table 12: “PollField” command Note: When the MLX90132 is selected in reader mode (protocol select command), the HF field will be automatically turned ON and the flag “FieldDet” will be set to ‘1’ (the MLX90132 detects its own field). Consequently, the PollField command should be used in Tag/Card Emulation state or in Reader state with the HF field set OFF. 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 18 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 6.6 SendRecv command (0x04) This command is used to send specific protocol data and receives corresponding answer. Before sending this command, the application must select a protocol using the Protocol select command. If the response of the Transponder was successfully received and decoded, the field <Data> will contain additional information which is protocol specific. This is explained in the Table 14 below. SendRecv0x04 Direction MCU – device Data 04 <Len> Comment Command code Length of data <Data> Device - MCU Result code Length of data 8008000000000077CF00 - The response of the TAG is successfully decoded. This is an example of response from an ISO15693 TAG. Data received. Interpretation depends The result code might contain additional information on the extended size of received on protocol data. Please refer to paragraph Support of extended frames below. <Data> <ErrorCode> <ErrorBufLen> <ErrorBuf> 0403022012– Command “Read single block 12” (ISO/IEC15693 protocol) Data to be sent <ResultCode> <Len> Device - MCU Example Depends on protocol previously selected! Error code Length of Error Buffer stored during EMD algorithm Error Buffer stored during EMD algorithm Please refer to the error code table summary in the chapter List of Error codes Table 13: “SendRecv" command description Data format for transmission Protocol Explanation Response example Send example 04 03 022000 Command code ISO15693 Length of entire data field Data Send example 04 07 9370800F8C8E Command code Length of entire data field Data Comments If length of data is Zero, only EOF will be sent. This can be used for anti-collision procedure 28 ISO14443A Transmission flags: 7 – 0 : ISO14443A NFC-A 1: Topaz format (use EOF instead of P, use SOF at the beginning of each byte, make pause between bytes, assume 1st byte as 7-bit) 6 – SplitFrame if set 5 – append CRC if set 4 – Auto. add the parity bit in if set to ‘0’1) 3:0 – number of significant bits in last byte For bit oriented protocol, frames could be split by setting the bit SplitFrame to one. In this case, the MLX90132 will send the last byte of the command with none integer number of bits, according to the field number of significant bits in last byte. In reception, the MLX90132 expects to receive the complement (8 – “number of significant bits in last byte”). This option is used during anti-collision procedure. Send example 04 03 050000 ISO14443B Command code NFC-B Length of entire data field Data Send example 04 05 00FFFF0000 Command code ISO18092 Length of entire data field (212,424Kb) NFC-F Data Table 14: Parameter values for “SendRecv” command 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 19 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 1) The process of automatically calculating and adding the parity bit by the MLX90132 can be disabled by setting the bit 4 of the flags to ‘1’. In this case, the application must add one byte to the data with the most significant bit corresponding to the parity bit. The other bits of these additional bytes are not considered and can be set to ‘0’ or ‘1’. The datastream will then look like: <DataByte><Parity><DataByte><Parity>. Interpretation of <Data> field for different protocols Protocol Explanation Response example Response example 80 08 0000000000 77CF 00 Result code Length of entire data field ISO15693 Data received from TAG Original (received) value of CRC 7:2 – RFU 1 – CRC error if set 0 – Collision is detected if set Response example 80 09 80B30B8DB500 00 00 00 Result code Length of entire data field Data received from TAG 7 – Collision is detected 6 – RFU 5 – CRC error 4 – parity error ISO14443A 3:0 – shows how many significant bits are there NFC-A in the first byte 7:0 – Index of the first byte where collision is detected 7:4 – RFU 3:0 – Index of the first bit where collision is detected Comments 000000000077CF- this is a response on Read Single Block command for Iso15693 TAG. Other fields are added by the device ISO/IEC14443A is bit oriented protocol, and non-integer amount of bytes can be received. Number of significant bits in the 1st byte is the same as indicated in Send command. To calculate a position of a collision, application has to take index of byte first. Index of bit indicates a position inside this byte. Note that both indices start from 0 and bit index can be 8, meaning that collision could also affect the parity bit. Note that collision information is only present when protocol ISO/IEC14443A with a data rate of 106kbps for transmission and reception is selected. When others protocols are selected, the two additional bytes are not transmitted. Response example 80 0F 5092036A8D00000000007171 3411 00 Result code Length of entire data field ISO14443B Data received from TAG NFC-B Original (received) value of CRC 7:2 – RFU 1 – CRC error if set 0 – RFU Response example 80 12 01010105017B06941…93FF 00 Result code 801201010105017B06941004014B024F4 ISO18092 Length of entire data field 993FF00 – typical answer with no error (212,424Kb) Data received from TAG NFC-F detected 7:2 – RFU 1 – CRC error if set 0 – RFU Table 15: “SendRecv” command, interpretation of <data> field for different protocol 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 20 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 6.6.1 Support of extended frames In reader mode it is possible to receive up to 528 bytes of frame data. The extended size is included in the command code as follows: ResultCode 0 1 L L 0 0 0 0 0 7 Len 0 L L L L L L L L 7 L L L L L L L L L L 9 7 8 Data byte 0 0 x x x x x x x x 7 0 Number N of data bytes Figure 10: Coding of Length of extended frames Consequently, the ResultCode returned depends on the length of the decoded frame received by the MLX90132. Direction MCU - device Result Code Length (LEN) Effective length of received data 0x80 0 – 255 bytes 0xA0 256 – 511 bytes 0xC0 0x90 0x00 – 0xFF Comment 512 – 528 bytes 0 – 255 bytes 0xB0 256 – 511 bytes 0xD0 512 – 528 bytes In ISO/IEC14443A only in case of none integer number of bytes Table 16: Coding of Length of extended frames 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 21 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 6.6.2 List of Error codes The error code returned in the case of a“SendRecv” command includes the last error raised by the device in the field<ErrorCode>. But, it could also include a buffer of error if the EMD algorithm is enabled. This list of errors is stored into the dedicated buffer of maximum 8-bytes <ErrorBuf> with its length indicated in the error buffer length value <ErrorBufLen>. The list of error codes which could be returned after a “SendRecv” command is shown in the table below. The error codes marked with a * could be raised during the EMD process and stored in the Error buffer. For more information related to the EMD algorithm, please refer to the chapter Electromagnetic support (EMD) below. Direction Device - MCU Error Code Definition 0x61* SOF error during the EMD process 0x62* CRC error during the EMD process 0x63* SOF error in ISO14443B occurs during high part (duration of 2 to 3 Elementary Unit Time, ETU) 0x65* SOF error in ISO14443B occurs during low part (duration of 10 to 11 Elementary Unit Time, ETU) 0x66* Extra Guard Time (EGT) error in ISO14443B 0x67* TR1 set by card too long in case of protocol ISO14443B 0x68* TR1 set by card too short in case of protocol ISO14443B 0x86 Hardware Communication error 0x82 Invalid command Length 0x83 Invalid Protocol 0x87 Frame waiting timeout (no valid reception) or no TAG 0x88 Invalid SOF 0x89 Receive buffer overflow (too many bytes received) 0x8A Protocol Framing error as follows: ISO14443A & ISO18092 (106kbps) : Modified Miller, wrong symbol sequence ISO14443B: Start/Stop bit polarity ISO18092 (212,424kbps): SYNC ≠ 0xB24D 0x8B EGT time out (ISO14443B) 0x8C Invalid length received during ISO18092 (212,424kbps) communication (2 < Length < 255) 0x8D CRC error in case of protocolISO18092 (212,424kbps) 0x8E Reception lost without EOF received Table 17: List of error codes for “SendRecv” command 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 22 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 6.7 Listen command (0x05) This command is used with the MLX90132 in Tag emulation state to listen for the command from the reader. Before sending this command the application has to select a protocol using “Protocol Select” command with the related options. Listen0x05 Direction MCU – device Device - MCU Device - MCU Device - MCU Device -MCU Device - MCU Data 05 00 00 00 82 00 83 Comments Command code Length of data Result code Length of data Error code Length of data Error code 00 Length of data 85 00 8F 00 Error code Length of data Error code Length of data Example 0500 – Listen for a request from reader 0000- No error. Confirmation that device now is in listening mode 8200 - Invalid command length 8300 - Invalid protocol or protocol is not supported. 8500 - Canceled by user using “Echo” command 8F00 - No HF field detected, command cannot be executed Table 18: “Listen” command description When the “listen” command is executed and the option “Waits for field” is activated, the MLX90132 waits for the HF field activation and corresponding request coming from an RFID reader. If the option “Return an error if no field” is activated, the MLX90132 directly returns an error if no HF field is detected. If the HF field is interrupted by the reader while the MLX90132 is waiting for the request, it will leave the listen command and return the error code 0x8F00.To wait for new request, the application must issue a new “listen” command. The user can cancel the “listen” mode by issuing an “echo” command 0x55. When cancelled, the MLX90132 replies with a code 0x55 (as a sync reply) plus “Cancelled by user” message corresponding to 0x85, 0x00. To cancel the “listen” mode, the following procedure should be followed: Send the ECHO command 0x55 to cancel the “listen” mode Set the pin SPI_NSS to low, to read back the buffer content Read the sync reply 0x55 By keeping SPI_NSS low, read the rest of the buffer (could be cancelled by user 0x8500 message or correct data information 0x80<LEN><DATA>) Set the pin SPI_NSS high to continue the operation 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 23 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver Possible return codes are listed in the table below. Respond codes from the device in Listen mode Direction Data Comments 80 Result code <Len> Length of data Device - MCU Data received. Interpretation <Data> depends on protocol 86 Error code Device - MCU 00 Length of data 87 Error code Device - MCU 00 Length of data 88 Error code Device - MCU 00 Length of data 89 Error code Device – MCU 00 Length of data 8A Error code Device – MCU Device – MCU Device - MCU 00 Length of data 8B 00 8E Error code Length of data Error code 00 Length of data Example 800605000071FF00 - The request from the Reader is decoded. This is an example of Request in Iso14443-B protocol 8600 - Communication error 8700 - Listening mode was cancelled by the application 8800 - Invalid SOF 8900 - Receive buffer overflow 8A00 - Protocol Framing error: - ISO14443A & ISO18092 (106kbps): Mod. Miller, wrong symbol sequence - ISO14443B: Start/Stop bit polarity - ISO18092 (212,424kbps): SYNC ≠ 0xB24D 8B00 - EGT time out (ISO14443B) 8E00 - Reception lost without EOF received Table 19: “Listen” command, possible return codes If the request from the Reader was successfully received and decoded, the MLX90132 will send data back to the application, as shown in the following table. Data format sent to the application in ‘Listen’ mode Protocol Explanation Response example Request example 80 0A 9370800F8C8E 8D 4E01 08 Result code Length of entire data field ISO14443A Data received from reader NFC-A Received value of BCC (if any) Received value of CRC (if any) 7 – RFU 6 – RFU 5 – CRC error 4 – Parity error 3:0 – number of significant bits in last byte Request example 80 06 050000 71FF 00 Result code Length of entire data field ISO14443B Data received from Reader NFC-B Original (received) value of CRC 7:2 – RFU 1 – CRC error if set 0 – RFU Request example 80 06 00FFFF0000 00 Result code Length of entire data field ISO18092 (212, 424kbp) Data received from reader 7:2 – RFU NFC-F 1 – CRC error if set 0 – RFU Comments The anti-collision filter could be activated with the command “AcFilter”. In this case, the complete anti-collision process is supported by the MLX90132 as soon as a “Listen” command is initiated. The information will be automatically sent by the MLX90132 Table 20: Data format sent to the application in “Listen” mode 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 24 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 6.8 Send command (0x06) This command is used with the MLX90132 in TAG emulation state, to send data back to the reader. This command sends specific protocol data without waiting for an answer. Send 0x06 Direction MCU – device Device - MCU Device - MCU Device - MCU Data 06 <Len> <Data> Comments Command code Length of data 00 00 82 00 83 00 Result code Length of data Error code Length of data Error code Length of data Data to be sent Example Depends on protocol previously selected! 040C50920E997500000000B37171 – Emulation of TAG response in ISO14443-B protocol 0000 - Data was successfully sent 8200 - Invalid length 8300 - Invalid protocol previously selected by Select Protocol command Table 21: “Send” command description Format of data to be sent using ‘Send’ command Protocol Explanation Response example Send example 06 03 0400 08 Command code Length of entire data field ISO14443A Data NFC-A 7:6 – RFU 5 – Append CRC 4 – RFU 3:0 – number of significant bits in first byte Send example 06 04 01020304 ISO14443B Command code NFC-B Length of entire data field Data Send example 06 05 01020304 00 Command code Length of entire data field ISO18092 Data (212,424Kb) NFC-F Slot number (in which to reply) Comments The anti-collision filter could be activated with the command “AcFilter”. In this case, the complete anti-collision process is supported by the MLX90132 as soon as a “Listen” command is initiated. The information will be automatically sent by the MLX90132 The number of slot in which to reply is entered by the application in the field <Slot number>. In this case, the MLX90132 automatically manages the related timings defined by the protocol, to answer to the corresponding slot. This parameter is used for the Single Device Detection (SDD) process, For other commands, the field <Slot number> should simply be set to zero. Table 22: Format of data to be sent using “Send” command 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 25 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 6.9 Idle command (0x07) This command is used to switch the MLX90132 into low-power mode. Several sub-modes or states could be selected as shown in the table below. Please note that except when an error occurs (the answer is then directly sent), the response to an Idle command is sent only when the MLX90132 exits the low-power mode. Idle0x07 Direction Data 07 Comments Command code 0E Length of data <WUFlags> Specifies wake-up sources and LFO frequency. Refer to Table 24 <EnterCtrlL> <EnterCtrlH> <WUCtrlL> <WUCtrlH> <LeaveCtrlL> <LeaveCtrlH> 2 bytes: Settings to enter Idle mode, refer to Table 25 below 2 bytes: Settings to wake-up from Idle mode (recommended value = 0x3800), refer to Table 25 below 2 bytes: Settings to leave Idle mode (recommended value = 0x1800), refer to Table 25 below <WUPeriod> Period of time between two TAG detection bursts. Also used to specify the duration before timeout. Refer to Equation 1 <OscStart> Waiting time for the HFO to stabilize (based time: LFO), recommended value = 0x60 <DacStart> Waiting time for the DAC to stabilize (based time: LFO), recommended value = 0x60 <DacDataL> Lower compare value for TAG detection. Note: Only the 6 MSB bits are available <DacDataH> Higher compare value for TAG detection. Note: Only the 6 MSB bits are available <SwingsCnt> Number of HF periods during TAG detection. Refer to Equation 2. MCU – device <MaxSleep4:0> Device– MCU Device – MCU Example 0x070E0A210038011800086060 54603F00– Tag detector with LFO set at 32kHz. Possibility to WU on low level IRQIN 0x070ECB210038011800086060 54603F10 – Tag detector with LFO set at 4kHz. Possibility to WU on low level IRQIN and timeout (MaxSleep set to 0x10) Maximal number of TAG detection trials before timeout. Value set to 0 during TAG detection calibration. 0x00 <MaxSleep< 0x1F (bit 7 to 5 are RFU and must be set to 0) Also used to specify duration before timeout, refer to Equation 3. 0x00 0x01 Result code Length of data <WUFlags> Content of WUFlags, please refer to Table 24 below 0x82 Error code 0x00 Length of data 0x0001XX - Here XX is a value of WUFlags, please note that this response is sent only when device exits idle mode 0x8200 – Invalid command length Table 23: “Idle” command description 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 26 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver Meaning of Wake-up settings <WUFlags> A Register Bit Function 7:6 – LfoPresc LFO prescaler. Divides LFO for state machine. 00 – 32 KHz 01 – 16 KHz 10 – 8 KHz 11 – 4 KHz 5 – RFU, set to ‘0’ 2 Specifies the possible source on which to exit from idle mode, incase SLEEP state is selected. Each bit corresponds to one wake-up source which is updated and returned when the MLX90132 leaves the Idle routine without error WUFlags 4:0 – WUFlags bit4 - Low level on SPI_NSS bit3 – Low level on IRQ_IN, must be set to ‘1’ bit2 – Field Detector bit1 – TAG Detector bit0 – WakeUp(WU at the end of MaxSleep cycles even if no event detected) Table 24: Field <WUFlags> definition in “Idle” command Meaning of power settings <EnterCtrlH:EnterCtrlL>, <WUCtrlH:WUCtrlL> and <LeaveCtrlH:LeaveCtrlL> A Register Comment 7 – Initial DAC compare index (‘0’ = DacDataL, ‘1’ = DacDataH used for the 1st comparison) 6 – RFU, must be set to ‘0’ 5 – LFO enable(needs to be set to ‘1’ in WUCtrl) 4 – HFO enable (needs to be set to ‘1’ in WUCtrl) 0 CtrlL 3 – VDDA enable (needs to be set to use HFO, see recommended values in Table 23 above) 2 – Hibernate state enable 1 – RFU 0 – Sleep state enable 7:2 – RFU, must be set to ‘0’ 1 CtrlH 1 – Field detector enable 0 – IREF (needs to be set to ‘1’ in WUCtrl, otherwise must be put to ‘0’) Table 25: Fields <EnterCtrl>, <WUCtrl> and <LeaveCtrl> definition in “Idle” command Notes: The bytes <EnterCtrl> define the configuration when entering the IDLE mode. The bytes <WUCtrl> define the configuration when the device wakes-up from the IDLE mode (recommended value 0x3801). The bytes <LeaveCtrl> define the configuration when leaving the IDLE mode, after wake-up. The Hibernate state is entered by setting the “Hibernate state enable” flag to ‘1’ and the Sleep state is entered by setting the “sleep state enable” flag to ‘1’, both in the WUFlags register. ( Equation 1: Sleep period ) Equation 2: HF ON period Equation 3: Duration before Timeout With: 3901090132 Rev. 009 ) ( ( and Page 27 of 44 ) [s] Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 6.10 BaudRate command (0x0A) This command is used to change the UART baud rate. Set UART baud rate 0x0A Direction Data 0A 01 Comments Command code Length of data <BR_Ratio> New BR ratio = <BR_Ratio>*2+2 See following table: Baud rate ratio 255 – 13.56/512 ~26.48kbps 254 – 13.56/510 ~26.59kbps 253 – 13.56/508 ~26.7kbps ... 117 – 13.56/236 ~57.7kbps (default value) ... 2 – 13.56/6 ~2.26Mbps 1:0 – Not used 55 “Echo” code of 0x55 MCU – device Device - MCU Example 55 - New baud rate is used to reply Table 26: “Baudrate” command description 6.11 SubFreqRes command (0x0B) This command returns the last sub-carrier frequency measured during communication. It is used to measure the data-rate for protocols ISO/IEC18092 (212,424Kbps) / NFC-F. Please note that this operation is automatically performed by the MLX90132 when configured in Tag emulation mode, ISO/IEC18092 & NFC-F. SubFreqRes0x0B Direction Data 0B MCU – device 00 00 01 Device - MCU <FreqSc_Ratio> Comments Command code Length of data Result code Length of data Ratio of measured sub-carrier frequency, refer to Equation 4 Example 0B00 00010F - Here 0F is a frequency divider. Use this value to configure the MLX90132 Table 27: “SubFreqRes” command description SubFreqRes reports the frequency divider. To calculate the real frequency use this formula Equation 4: 3901090132 Rev. 009 Byte FreqSc_Ratio calculation: ( Page 28 of 44 ) Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 6.12 AcFilter command (0x0D) This command is used with the MLX90132 in TAG emulation, ISO/IEC14443-A. If activated, it autonomously handles the anti-collision algorithm. If not activated, all received commands will be sent to the application. If the filter is activated, the MLX90132 will interpret the ISO/IEC14443-A commands sent by the reader and performs the anti-collision procedure. In this case, data will be sent to the external microcontroller only when the anti-collision procedure is finished. Activate/deactivate anti-collision filter 0x0D Direction Data Comments 0D Command code <Len> Length of data Coding of ATQA, answer to <ATQA> REQA command (refer to (2bytes, LSByte 1st) ISO/IEC14443A standard) Coding of SAK, select <SAK> acknowledgement (refer to ISO/IEC14443A standard) MCU – device <UID part 1> UID for cascade level 1 (4bytes, LSByte 1st) (Mandatory) <UID part 2> UID for cascade level 2 (4bytes, LSByte 1st) (Optional) Device - MCU Device - MCU Device - MCU <UID part 3> (4bytes, LSByte 1st) UID for cascade level 3 (Optional) 00 Result code 00 Length of data = 0 82 Error code 00 Length of data 83 Error code 00 Length of data Example 0D0B4400AA8804485BA1120000 Activate filter for 2-cascade anti-collision Note that length can be 7 – for 1-cascade level filter 11 – for 2-cascade levels filter 15 – for 3-cascade levels filter All other values will cause ‘Invalid command length’ error. 0D00 – Return AC state and deactivate AC filter 0D01XX – Force AC state to XX value 0D020000 – Returns AC state without deactivating filter 0000 - Filter is successfully activated/deactivated 8200 - Invalid command length 8300 - Invalid protocol Table 28: “AcFilter” command description The MLX90132 is able to interpret and respond to the following commands: Anti-collision commands supported by the MLX90132 Command Code REQA 26 (7-bit) WUPA 52 (7-bit) ANTICOLL 93, 95, 97 SELECT 9370, 9570, 9770 Definition Sense request WU all request Single device detection request Select request Table 29: ISO/IEC14443-A anti-collision commands supported by the MLX90132 Notes: The current anti-collision state can be forced using the command 0x0D01XX, with XX selected according to Table 30 below. Command 0x0D020000 can be used to return the current anti-collision state without deactivating the anticollision filter. Please refer to Table 30 below for the anti-collision state. The command 0x0D00 will be used to return the current anti-collision state and deactivate the anticollision filter. UID part 2 and 3 are optional and may not be included in the command. The UID size, as defined in the ISO/IEC14443A standard (part of the ATQA), will be updated automatically by the MLX90132 according to the UID length. 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 29 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver Actual state returned by the MLX90132 Value State 0x00 IDLE 0x01 READY_1 0x02 READY_2 0x03 READY_3 0x04 ACTIVE 0x80 HALT 0x81 READY*_1 0x82 READY*_2 0x83 READY*_3 0x84 ACTIVE* Comment IDLE state READY state after 1st part of UID is verified READY state after 2nd part of UID is verified READY state after 3rd part of UID is verified ACTIVE state HALT state READY* state after 1st part of UID is verified READY* state after 2ndpart of UID is verified READY* state after 3rdpart of UID is verified ACTIVE* state Table 30: Current state returned by the MLX90132 (as defined in ISO/IEC14443-A standard) 7 Modifying internal settings for optimal performances 7.1.1 Example: How to modify the ARC_B register The internal registers of the MLX90132 are automatically set when the protocol is selected with the command Protocol select command (0x02). To get optimal performance, the internal register ARC_B containing the modulation index of the RFID request and the analog gain for the reception chain in reader mode can be modified. The following example shows the specific commands to be sent to read/write the register ARC_B: Use the “Protocol Select” command (0x02) to select the appropriate communication protocol. Send Protocol Select command (for example ISO/IEC14443A): 0x02020200 MLX90132 reply: 0x0000 Read Analog Configuration register (ARC_B) value Write the ARC_B register index to 0x01: 0x0903680001 MLX90132 reply: 0x0000 Read the ARC_B register value: 0x0803690100 (1) MLX90132 reply: 0x01DF Modify the value of Analog Register Configuration (ARC_B) to 0x23 Write the ARC_B register: 0x090468010123 MLX90132 reply: 0x0000 Read back the Analog Configuration register (ARC_B) value Write the ARC_B register index to 0x01: 0x0903680001 MLX90132 reply: 0x0000 Read the ARC_B register value: 0x0803690100 MLX90132 reply: 0x0123 (1) In this example, the ARC_B register = 0xDF with ‘D’ = Modulation Index & ‘F’ = Rx amplifier gain. 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 30 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver The content of the register ARC_B is shown in Table 31 below with the default values in Table 32: ARC_B register of the MLX90132 A Register Bit 7:4 ModIdx(1) 69 ARC_B 3:0 Rx Gain(2) Function ASK Modulation Index : Code 1 = 10% Code 2 = 14% Code 3 = 18% Code 4 = 21% Code 5 = 24% Code 6 = 26% Code 7 = 30% Code 8 = 35% Code 9 = 39% Code A = 40% Code B = 43% Code C = 45% Code D = 96% Reception chain amplifier Gain: Code 0 = 34dB Code 1 = 32dB Code 3 = 27dB Code 7 = 20dB Code F = 8dB Table 31: Register ARC_B description (1) (2) Characterized using ISO/IEC10373-6 setup and DVK90132 antenna matching Defined by design simulations Communication protocol Default value ISO/IEC14443 Type A 0xDF ISO/IEC14443 Type B 0x20 ISO/IEC18092 (Felica) 0x50 ISO/IEC 15693 – 10% 0x53 ISO/IEC15693 – 100% 0xD3 Table 32: Default value of ARC_B per protocol (Reader mode) 7.1.2 Example how to read back WUFlags content WUFlags byte (refer to Table 24) is automatically updated after the MLX90132 wakes-up from an Idle command. In SPI mode, this byte is available to read in the FIFO register. In UART mode, this byte is asynchronously sent after wake-up. In some cases, it is useful to be able to check the WUFlags separately; the example below shows how to do it: Read WUFlags register value Read the WUFlags register value: MLX90132 reply: (1) 0x0803620100 (1) 0x0001XX XX equal the WUFlags register value 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 31 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 8 Tag Detector 8.1 Operating Principle The objective of the TAG detector function is to be able to detect the presence of an RFID label/tag or an NFC device in front of the reader’s antenna, with reduced power consumption. The TAG detector function is based on the detection of any variation of the HF field. If an RFID transponder or an NFC device approaches the reader’s antenna, it influences the amplitude of the generated HF by a loading effect. This variation can be monitored by the MLX90132 to inform the external host microcontroller that an RFID transponder or an NFC device is approaching the antenna. When set in TAG detector state, the MLX90132 periodically generates a few periods (pulses) of HF carrier frequency and measures the amplitude’s field. This value is then compared to reference levels DacDataH[7:0] and DacDataL[7:0] defined by the user. If the measured level is above DacDataH[7:0] or below DacDataL[7:0], - i.e. a change in the amplitude of the HF field occurs - the MLX90132 automatically informs the external application MCU by: either generating an IRQ on the pin IRQOUT (SPI interface), or directly sending the WUFlag register value (UART interface).In the same time it enters to Ready state and waits for a Protocol select command (0x02) command. Therefore, either the application MCU takes the control of the MLX90132 by sending a command Protocol select command (0x02) and can decide to start communicating with the TAG, or the MLX90132 goes back in idle (tag detector) mode. This mechanism is repeated until a new object is detected in the field or another kind of event appears (e.g. max number of trials reached, wake-up from host MCU …). Before using this feature it is necessary to perform a calibration by using the MCU The TAG detector state is entered using the Idle command (0x07) command. The values of DacDataH/DacDataL[7:0] are defined in this command, as well as the number of HF pulses and the time between two HF bursts with respectively the bytes SwingsCnt[7:0] and WUPeriod[7:0]. The MLX90132 can be forced to wake-up after a certain number of trials, even if no TAG has been detected. This number of trials is set using the bits MaxSleep[4:0]. The bit “initial DAC compare index” in register EnterCtrlL is used to select the first comparison to be performed when starting the TAG detector state. When set to ‘0’, the TAG detector feature is started with a comparison to DacDataL[7:0].If set to ‘1’, the TAG detector feature is started with a comparison to DacDataH[7:0]. Please note that the IREF bit in EnterCtrlH byte has to be set to allow a proper functionality of the TAG detector feature. The following picture illustrates the TAG detector operation described above. TAG detection function New-calibration DacDataH DacDataL WUPeriod Very short impulses of HF field are generated (defined by the byte SwingsCnt in IDLE command) If the field is detected out of the range defined by DacDataL and DacDataH, the device wakes-up Device wakes-up again if detected out of the new range defined by DacDataL and DacDataH Then the host MCU can take the control of the communication, trying to detect any TAG. If no TAG is detected, a new calibration might be done to compensate any change of environment Figure 11: MLX90132 TAG detection principle 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 32 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 8.2 Calibration procedure The calibration process should be performed with no tag in the environment. It consists of executing a successive tag detection sequence using a well-known configuration. This to determine the two specific reference thresholds: DacDataL and DacDataH which will be programmed in the device before entering Tag Detector Mode. Both thresholds are coded in 6 bits. During the calibration process, DacDataH value is fixed to 0xFCand the software will vary the DacDataL value from its minimum value (0x00) to its maximum value (0xFC). At each step, the WUflags byte is read to know if the HF level is above or below the low threshold (“tag detected flag” set or not). At the end of the calibration process, the reference level DacDataRef is found and corresponds to the value of DacDataL for which the wake-up event switches from “WakeUp at the end of MaxSleep cycles” (no tag in the RF field) to “tag detected”. To avoid too much sensitivity in the tag detection process, the use of a guard band is recommended. This value should correspond to at least 2 DAC steps. Final recommended values with guard band: DacDataL= DacDataRef– Guard DacDataH= DacDataRef+ Guard The parameters used to define the tag detection calibration sequence (clocking, set-up time, burst duration, etc.) must be the same as those used for the future tag detection sequences. MaxSleep has to be set to ‘0’ for the calibration Another and faster way (binary search: 6 steps) to calibrate the Tag Detector is described in the application note AN2_MLX90130_32_TagDetector. 9 Field Detector The MLX90132 embeds a field detector block to measure the field level of an external HF RFID reader. This is used to be able to monitor the availability of the channel and perform the collision avoidance feature before switching ON the HF field. The command “Poll field” can be used to monitor the HF field, the device directly returns a bit indicating that an HF field has been detected or not. The field detector can also be configured as an option to wake-up from “Idle” mode, in order to reduce the power consumption as much as possible. 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 33 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 10 Electromagnetic support (EMD) The electromagnetic disturbance results in the noise that a passive/active TAG or NFC device generates before answering to a corresponding request. This disturbance is generally due to the digital processing of the passive/active TAG or NFC device which appears just before sending back the response. The MLX90132 device supports a specific algorithm to filter EMD disturbances to successfully receive the frame from a passive/active TAG or NFC device. This algorithm is supported within the MLX90132 in Reader modes ISO14443 type-A and type-B. The following flow-charts illustrate the algorithm which is implemented in the MLX90132 device for these 2 modes of operation. The corresponding EMD algorithm is selected with the Protocol select command (0x02) by configuring the parameter <NEMD> with a non-null value. The definition of the two values <NEMD> and <NEMD,RES> used in the algorithm are defined below: <NEMD>: Maximum Number of non-valid Bytes received, before the system leaves the EMD algorithm routines with an error message. Typically, this value is set to 3 or 4, meaning that failing reception with less than 3 or 4 Bytes will be considered as EMD disturbance by the algorithm without interrupting the reception process. <NEMD,RES>: Maximum Number of non-valid and non-Integer Bytes received, before the system leaves the EMD algorithm routines with an error message. Typically, this value is set identical to the N EMD value. When processing the EMD algorithm, the MLX90132 is in kind of “standalone” mode, waiting for the presence of a valid <Start Of Frame> coming for the passive/active TAG or NFC device. This “standalone” mode only terminates with the following conditions: 1) At the end of a valid reception 2) In case a timeout error occurs (FDT/FWT time reached without valid SOF) 3) In case the identified error could be assimilated as a protocol error and not to EMD During the whole EMD process, the MLX90132 is buffering the incoming errors which will be returned to the host application in case one of the conditions 2) or 3) above is reached. In this case, the error code returned will be as follows: <ErrorCode> + <ErrorBufLen> + <ErrorBuf> with <ErrorCode>: Last error code raised during the EMD algorithm <ErrorBufLen>: Length of the following Buffer of Errors (max. 8 bytes) <ErrorBuf>: Buffer of Errors stored during the EMD algorithm (max. 8 bytes) 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 34 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver Start ISO14443 Type A Reception Initialize CRC calculation Error 0x61 stored in Buffer SOF error or invalid Reception Timeout (FDT expires) Wait for SOF Error 0x87 returned YES, Valid SOF received Store received data & wait for EOF YES, Valid EOF received NO, data received equals to an entire nbr of symbols (1Byte + Parity bit) Residual bits found? YES, data received NOT equal to an entire nbr of symbols (1Byte + Parity bit) Return code 0x90 or 0xB0 or 0xD0 (Data Rx without an integer nbr of byte) Nbr of Byte > NemdRes? NO YES NO, Manchester violation detected Successful data received? YES CRC error? NO Return code 0x80 or 0xA0, or 0xC0 (reception OK) YES Nbr of Byte < Nemd? Return code 0x80 or 0xA0 or 0xC0 (CRC error bit is set) YES Error 0x62 stored in Buffer End of Algorithm Return Flag + Data or Error code Figure 12: MLX90132 EMD Algorithm Reader/Writer ISO14443 Type A 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 35 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver Start ISO14443 Type B Reception Initialize CRC calculation Wait for Sub-carrier Error 0x68 stored in Buffer Error 0x65 stored in Buffer TR1 < TR1_MIN 1st part of SOF not correctly received Check TR1 Reception Timeout (FWT expires) TR1 > TR1_MAX Decode 1st part of SOF 1st part of SOF correctly received (between 10 and 11 ETUs) Error 0x63 stored in Buffer 2nd part of SOF not correctly received Wait for 2nd part of SOF 2nd part of SOF correctly received (between 2 and 3 ETUs) Error 0x66 stored in Buffer EGT incorrect Receive data Framing error or EOF received Error 0x8A stored in Buffer NO EOF received? YES CRC error NO YES Error 0x62 stored in Buffer NO NemdRes = 0? YES NO Return code 0x80 or 0xA0 or 0xC0 (CRC error bit is set) Nbt Byte > Nemd Return code 0x80 or 0xA0, or 0xC0 (reception OK) Return code 0x67 Return code 0x87 YES Return code 0x80 or 0xA0 or 0xC0 (CRC error bit is set) End of Algorithm Return Flag + Data or Error code Figure 13: MLX90132 EMD Algorithm Reader/Writer ISO14443 Type B 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 36 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 11 Application Information 11.1 External Antenna network RF communication performance depends on the external system antenna network and resonance conditions. The antenna matching of the MLX90132 is reduced to a minimal component count, composed of two serial capacitors Cs and one parallel capacitor Cp. A parallel resistor Rp can also be added to adjust the antenna damping thus reducing detuning effect provoked by the presence of TAGs or Readers in front of the MLX90132. Two serial resistors RRX have to be adjusted in order to avoid entering the clamping region (see Table 36 below). Finally, depending on EMC constraints, an EMI filter can be added to reduce the emission of harmonics generated by the square wave at the outputs TX1 and TX2. Figure below gives an example of the external matching network to connect the antenna. For more information, please refer to the application note AN1_MLX90130_32_AntennaDesignGuidelines available on the Melexis website. RRX RX1 CS LEMI TX1 RP CP LEMI CEMI Loop Antenna CEMI MLX90132 CS TX2 RRX RX2 Figure 14: External antenna matching network example 11.2 Application schematic VDD VDD IRQOUT SS MISO MOSI SCK SSI_0 SSI_1 NC GND_DIG 27.12MHz XIN VDC GND_TX Matching Application Microcontroller RX1 MLX90132 VDD_TX RX2 NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC TX2 NC GND_RX NC TX1 NC VDD_TX XOUT Antenna VDD IRQIN Example of EMI Filter Figure 15: MLX90132 application schematic in SPI mode 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 37 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 12 Electrical Specifications 12.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings Symbol Value Units Supply Voltage Parameter VDD -0.3 to 7.0 V Supply Voltage VDD_TX -0.3 to 7.0 V VIO -0.3 to VDD+0.3 V Operating Temperature Range TA -40 to 105 C Storage Temperature Range TS -40 to 150 C VESD_HBM 2 kV Input or Output voltage relative to Ground Electrostatic discharge according to AEC-Q100002 Human Body Model Table 33: Absolute maximum ratings Note: Exceeding the absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. 12.2 DC Characteristics o o Operating Parameters TA = -40 C to 105 C Parameter Symbol Supply voltage Supply voltage of TX driver Min Typ Max Units VDD Conditions 2.7 5 5.5 V VDD_TX 2.7 5 5.5 V Min Typ Max Units 1 8 μA Table 34: DC characteristics 12.3 Power Consumption Characteristics o o Operating Parameters TA = -40 C to 105 C(2.7 < VDD/VDD_TX <5.5V) Parameter Symbol Conditions Supply current in Hibernate state IccHibernate Supply current in Sleep state IccSleep 20 30 μA Supply current in Ready state IccReady 2.5 3 mA Supply current in RF Reader ON IccRF Reader ON Supply current in Card Emulation state IccCard Em Supply current in Tag Detection state IccTag Det 100 (1) 1 45 (1,2) mA 3 mA μA Table 35: Power consumption characteristics 1. 2. Parameter measured at applicative level only, using recommended output matching network Following specific conditions for TAG detection: TA = 25°C, WUPeriod = 0x1A (4x per seconds), OscStart= 0x60, DACStart= 0x60, SwingCnt = 0x3F 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 38 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 12.4 RF Characteristics o o Operating Parameters TA = -40 C to 105 C (2.7 <VDD/VDD_TX<5.5V) Symbol Parameter fC Frequency of operating field (carrier frequency) Carrier modulation (3) index ISO/IEC14443A ISO/IEC14443B ISO/IEC18092 ISO/IEC15693 (10% modulation) ISO/IEC15693 (100% modulation) Min Typ Max Units 13.553 13.56 13.567 MHz 100 14 14 30 100 % 8 8 10 80 Transmitter specifications Equivalent resistor of driver output TXn (2) RON_5V Equivalent resistor of driver output TXn (2) 8 Ω POUT_3V Output power for 3V operation (2) 70 mW POUT_5V Output power for 5V operation (2) 317 mW 80 kΩ 22 pF 6 mVp RON_3V 13 Ω Receiver specifications ZOUT Differential. input resistance between RX1/RX2 CINPUT (2) Differential. input capacitance between RX1/RX2 (2) (3) VSENS Sensitivity VRXMAX Clamping voltage on RX1 (RX2) relative to (2) Ground 9.5 11 13.2 Vp Min Typ Max Units Table 36: Reader characteristics Symbol HThreshold Parameter HF field level of detection (2,3) 0.1875 A/m Table 37: Field detection characteristics 1. 2. 3. Parameter measured using recommended output matching network Value based on design simulation and/or characterization results, and not tested in production Based on ISO/IEC 10373-6 & 22536 protocol measurements 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 39 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 12.5 SPI Characteristics Symbol Parameter fSCK SPI clock frequency VIL Input low voltage VIH Input high voltage VOL Output low voltage VOH th(NSS) (1) (1) Typ V 70 0 Clock low time 200 tCH(SCKH) (1) Clock high time 200 Data slave Input setup time 20 (1) MHz 0.7*VDD NSS setup time NSS hold time th(SI) 2 0.4*VDD (1) tSU(SI) Units 0.7*VDD tCH(SCKL) (1) Max 0.3*VDD Output high voltage tSU(NSS) Min Data slave Input hold time ns 80 tv(SO) (1) Data slave output valid time 150 th(SO) (1) Data slave output hold time 280 Cb_SPI_IN Capacitive load for input pins NSS, CLK, MOSI 3 Cb_SPI_OUT Capacitive load for input pins MOSI 20 pF Table 38: SPI interface characteristics 1. Values based on design simulation and/or characterization results, not tested in production Figure 16: SPI timing diagram (Slave mode and CPOL = 0, CPHA = 0) Figure 17: SPI timing diagram (Slave mode and CPOL = 1, CPHA = 1) 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 40 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 12.6 Oscillator Characteristics Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units 20 32 43 kHz Low Frequency Oscillator (LFO) fLFO Low-frequency oscillator (LFO) XTAL Oscillator fXTAL XTAL Oscillator frequency RF Feedback resistor CL Recommended load capacitance versus equivalent serial resistance of the crystal (3) (RS) I2 XTAL driving current gm tSU(HFO) (2) Oscillator transconductance (4) (2) 27.12 MHz 2 MΩ Rs = 30Ω 12 pF VDD = 3.3V with 12pF load 600 750 µA 0.32 1.41 mA/V Start-up Oscillator start-up time 0.04 VDD is stabilized Table 39: Oscillator characteristics 2 ms (1) (2) 1. Resonator characteristics given by the crystal/ceramic resonator manufacturer. 2. Based on characterization, not tested in production. 3. The relatively low value of the RF resistor offers good protection against issues resulting from use in a humid environment, due to the induced leakage and the bias condition change. However, it is recommended to take this point into account if the application is used in severe humidity conditions. 4. tSU (HFO) is the startup time measured from the moment it is enabled (by software) until a stabilized 27.12MHz oscillation is reached. This value is measured for a standard crystal resonator and it can vary significantly with the crystal manufacturer. For CL1and CL2, it is recommended to use high-quality external ceramic capacitors in the 10 pF to 20 pF range, designed for high-frequency applications, and selected to match the requirements of the crystal or resonator (see Figure 18). CL1 and CL2 are usually the same size. The crystal manufacturer typically specifies a load capacitance which is the series combination of CL1and CL2. CL1 27.12MHz CL2 MLX90132 XIN RF XOUT ÷2 fHFO Figure 18: Typical application with a 27.12MHz crystal 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 41 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 14 ESD Precautions Electronic semiconductor products are sensitive to Electro Static Discharge (ESD). Always observe Electro Static Discharge control procedures whenever handling semiconductor products. 15 Standard information regarding manufacturability of Melexis products with different soldering processes Our products are classified and qualified regarding soldering technology, solderability and moisture sensitivity level according to following test methods: Reflow Soldering SMD’s (Surface MountDevices) IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020 Moisture/Reflow Sensitivity Classification for Nonhermetic Solid State Surface MountDevices (classification reflow profiles according to table 5-2) EIA/JEDEC JESD22-A113 Preconditioning of Nonhermetic Surface MountDevices Prior to Reliability Testing (reflow profiles according to table 2) Wave Soldering SMD’s (Surface MountDevices) and THD’s (Through Hole Devices) EN60749-20 Resistance of plastic- encapsulated SMD’s to combined effect of moisture and soldering heat EIA/JEDEC JESD22-B106 and EN60749-15 Resistance to soldering temperature for through-hole mounted devices Iron Soldering THD’s (Through Hole Devices) EN60749-15 Resistance to soldering temperature for through-hole mounted devices Solderability SMD’s (Surface MountDevices) and THD’s (Through Hole Devices) EIA/JEDEC JESD22-B102 and EN60749-21 Solderability For all soldering technologies deviating from above mentioned standard conditions (regarding peak temperature, temperature gradient, temperature profile etc) additional classification and qualification tests have to be agreed upon with Melexis. The application of Wave Soldering for SMD’s is allowed only after consulting Melexis regarding assurance of adhesive strength between device and board. Melexis recommends reviewing on our web site the General Guidelines soldering recommendation (http://www.melexis.com/Quality_soldering.aspx) as well as trim&form recommendations (http://www.melexis.com/Assets/Trim-and-form-recommendations-5565.aspx). Melexis is contributing to global environmental conservation by promoting lead free solutions. For more information on qualifications of RoHS compliant products (RoHS = European directive on the Restriction Of the use of certain Hazardous Substances) please visit the quality page on our website: http://www.melexis.com/quality.aspx 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 42 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 16 Package Information Moisture Sensitivity Level is MSL3, according as per IPC/JEDEC J-STD-20. This table in mm Type DxE quad 5x5 N 32 (Opt B) e 0.50 min max A A1 A3 0.80 1.00 0.00 0.05 0.20 REF D2 3.00 3.20 E2 3.00 3.20 L 0.35 0.45 K b 0.20 – 0.18 0.30 Tolerance of D, E: +/- 0.1mm 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 43 of 44 Jan-2014 MLX90132 13.56MHz RFID / NFC Transceiver 17 Disclaimer Devices sold by Melexis are covered by the warranty and patent indemnification provisions appearing in its Term of Sale. Melexis makes no warranty, express, statutory, implied, or by description regarding the information set forth herein or regarding the freedom of the described devices from patent infringement. Melexis reserves the right to change specifications and prices at any time and without notice. Therefore, prior to designing this product into a system, it is necessary to check with Melexis for current information. This product is intended for use in normal commercial applications. Applications requiring extended temperature range, unusual environmental requirements, or high reliability applications, such as military, medical lifesupport or life-sustaining equipment are specifically not recommended without additional processing by Melexis for each application. The information furnished by Melexis is believed to be correct and accurate. However, Melexis shall not be liable to recipient or any third party for any damages, including but not limited to personal injury, property damage, loss of profits, loss of use, interrupt of business or indirect, special incidental or consequential damages, of any kind, in connection with or arising out of the furnishing, performance or use of the technical data herein. No obligation or liability to recipient or any third party shall arise or flow out of Melexis’ rendering of technical or other services. © 2012 Melexis NV. All rights reserved. 18 Contact Information For the latest version of this document, go to our website at: www.melexis.com Or for additional information contact Melexis Direct: Europe, Africa, Asia: Americas: Phone: +32 1367 0495 E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +1 248-306-5400 E-mail: [email protected] ISO/TS 16949 and ISO14001 Certified 3901090132 Rev. 009 Page 44 of 44 Jan-2014