AD AD9231BCPZ-80 12-bit, 20 msps/40 msps/65 msps/80 msps, 1.8 v dual analog-to-digital converter Datasheet

12-Bit, 20 MSPS/40 MSPS/65 MSPS/80 MSPS,
1.8 V Dual Analog-to-Digital Converter
AD9231
Data Sheet
FEATURES
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
1.8 V analog supply operation
1.8 V to 3.3 V output supply
SNR
71.3 dBFS at 9.7 MHz input
69.0 dBFS at 200 MHz input
SFDR
93 dBc at 9.7 MHz input
83 dBc at 200 MHz input
Low power
32 mW per channel at 20 MSPS
71 mW per channel at 80 MSPS
Differential input with 700 MHz bandwidth
On-chip voltage reference and sample-and-hold circuit
2 V p-p differential analog input
DNL = ±0.40 LSB
Serial port control options
Offset binary, gray code, or twos complement data format
Optional clock duty cycle stabilizer
Integer 1-to-8 input clock divider
Data output multiplex option
Built-in selectable digital test pattern generation
Energy-saving power-down modes
Data clock out with programmable clock and data alignment
AVDD
APPLICATIONS
Communications
Diversity radio systems
Multimode digital receivers
GSM, EDGE, W-CDMA, LTE, CDMA2000, WiMAX, TD-SCDMA
I/Q demodulation systems
Smart antenna systems
Battery-powered instruments
Hand held scope meters
Portable medical imaging
Ultrasound
Radar/LIDAR
Rev. B
SDIO SCLK CSB
GND
ADC
VREF
SENSE
AD9231
REF
SELECT
RBIAS
VIN–B
ADC
VIN+B
CLK+ CLK–
D11A
D0A
DCOA
DRVDD
CMOS
OUTPUT BUFFER
VCM
MUX OPTION
VIN–A
ORA
DIVIDE
1 TO 8
DUTY CYCLE
STABILIZER
MODE
CONTROLS
SYNC
DCS
PDWN DFS OEB
ORB
D11B
D0B
DCOB
08121-001
PROGRAMMING DATA
VIN+A
CMOS
OUTPUT BUFFER
SPI
Figure 1.
PRODUCT HIGHLIGHTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
The AD9231 operates from a single 1.8 V analog power
supply and features a separate digital output driver supply
to accommodate 1.8 V to 3.3 V logic families.
The patented sample-and-hold circuit maintains excellent
performance for input frequencies up to 200 MHz and is
designed for low cost, low power, and ease of use.
A standard serial port interface supports various product
features and functions, such as data output formatting,
internal clock divider, power-down, DCO/DATA timing
and offset adjustments, and voltage reference modes.
The AD9231 is packaged in a 64-lead RoHS compliant
LFCSP that is pin compatible with the AD9268 16-bit
ADC, the AD9258 14-bit ADC, the AD9251 14-bit ADC,
and the AD9204 10-bit ADC, enabling a simple migration
path between 10-bit and 16-bit converters sampling from
20 MSPS to 125 MSPS.
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AD9231* PRODUCT PAGE QUICK LINKS
Last Content Update: 02/23/2017
COMPARABLE PARTS
TOOLS AND SIMULATIONS
View a parametric search of comparable parts.
• Visual Analog
• AD9231 IBIS Models
EVALUATION KITS
• AD9204/AD9231/AD9251 S-Parameter Data
• AD9231 Evaluation Board
REFERENCE MATERIALS
DOCUMENTATION
Product Selection Guide
Application Notes
• RF Source Booklet
• AN-1142: Techniques for High Speed ADC PCB Layout
Technical Articles
• AN-742: Frequency Domain Response of SwitchedCapacitor ADCs
• Improve The Design Of Your Passive Wideband ADC
Front-End Network
• AN-812: MicroController-Based Serial Port Interface (SPI)
Boot Circuit
• MS-2210: Designing Power Supplies for High Speed ADC
• AN-827: A Resonant Approach to Interfacing Amplifiers to
Switched-Capacitor ADCs
DESIGN RESOURCES
• AN-877: Interfacing to High Speed ADCs via SPI
• AN-878: High Speed ADC SPI Control Software
• AN-905: Visual Analog Converter Evaluation Tool Version
1.0 User Manual
• AD9231 Material Declaration
• PCN-PDN Information
• Quality And Reliability
• Symbols and Footprints
• AN-935: Designing an ADC Transformer-Coupled Front
End
DISCUSSIONS
Data Sheet
View all AD9231 EngineerZone Discussions.
• AD9231: 12-Bit, 20 MSPS/40 MSPS/65 MSPS/80 MSPS, 1.8
V Dual Analog-to-Digital Converter Data Sheet
SAMPLE AND BUY
User Guides
Visit the product page to see pricing options.
• UG-003: Evaluating the AD9650/AD9268/AD9258/
AD9251/AD9231/AD9204 Analog-to-Digital Converters
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AD9231
Data Sheet
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Features .............................................................................................. 1
Voltage Reference ....................................................................... 22
Applications ....................................................................................... 1
Clock Input Considerations ...................................................... 23
Functional Block Diagram .............................................................. 1
Channel/Chip Synchronization ................................................ 25
Product Highlights ........................................................................... 1
Power Dissipation and Standby Mode .................................... 25
Revision History ............................................................................... 2
Digital Outputs ........................................................................... 26
General Description ......................................................................... 3
Timing ......................................................................................... 26
Specifications..................................................................................... 4
Built-In Self-Test (BIST) and Output Test .................................. 27
DC Specifications ......................................................................... 4
Built-In Self-Test (BIST) ............................................................ 27
AC Specifications.......................................................................... 5
Output Test Modes ..................................................................... 27
Digital Specifications ................................................................... 6
Serial Port Interface (SPI) .............................................................. 28
Switching Specifications .............................................................. 7
Configuration Using the SPI ..................................................... 28
Timing Specifications .................................................................. 8
Hardware Interface..................................................................... 29
Absolute Maximum Ratings............................................................ 9
Configuration Without the SPI ................................................ 29
Thermal Characteristics .............................................................. 9
SPI Accessible Features .............................................................. 29
ESD Caution .................................................................................. 9
Memory Map .................................................................................. 30
Pin Configuration and Function Descriptions ........................... 10
Reading the Memory Map Register Table............................... 30
Typical Performance Characteristics ........................................... 12
Open Locations .......................................................................... 30
AD9231-80 .................................................................................. 12
Default Values ............................................................................. 30
AD9231-65 .................................................................................. 14
Memory Map Register Table ..................................................... 31
AD9231-40 .................................................................................. 15
Memory Map Register Descriptions ........................................ 33
AD9231-20 .................................................................................. 16
Applications Information .............................................................. 34
Equivalent Circuits ......................................................................... 17
Design Guidelines ...................................................................... 34
Theory of Operation ...................................................................... 19
Outline Dimensions ....................................................................... 35
ADC Architecture ...................................................................... 19
Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 35
Analog Input Considerations.................................................... 19
REVISION HISTORY
9/2016—Rev. A to Rev. B
Changes to Figure 3 .......................................................................... 7
6/2010—Rev. 0 to Rev. A
Changes to Features Section............................................................ 1
10/2009—Revision 0: Initial Version
Rev. B | Page 2 of 36
Data Sheet
AD9231
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The AD9231 is a monolithic, dual-channel, 1.8 V supply, 12-bit,
20 MSPS/40 MSPS/65 MSPS/80 MSPS analog-to-digital converter (ADC). It features a high performance sample-and-hold
circuit and on-chip voltage reference.
A differential clock input controls all internal conversion cycles.
An optional duty cycle stabilizer (DCS) compensates for wide
variations in the clock duty cycle while maintaining excellent
overall ADC performance.
The product uses multistage differential pipeline architecture
with output error correction logic to provide 12-bit accuracy at
80 MSPS data rates and to guarantee no missing codes over the
full operating temperature range.
The digital output data is presented in offset binary, gray code,
or twos complement format. A data output clock (DCO) is
provided for each ADC channel to ensure proper latch timing
with receiving logic. Both 1.8 V and 3.3 V CMOS levels are
supported, and output data can be multiplexed onto a single
output bus.
The ADC contains several features designed to maximize
flexibility and minimize system cost, such as programmable
clock and data alignment and programmable digital test pattern
generation. The available digital test patterns include built-in
deterministic and pseudorandom patterns, along with custom
user-defined test patterns entered via the serial port interface (SPI).
The AD9231 is available in a 64-lead RoHS compliant LFCSP
and is specified over the industrial temperature range (−40°C
to +85°C).
Rev. B | Page 3 of 36
AD9231
Data Sheet
SPECIFICATIONS
DC SPECIFICATIONS
AVDD = 1.8 V; DRVDD = 1.8 V, maximum sample rate, 2 V p-p differential input, 1.0 V internal reference; AIN = −1.0 dBFS,
DCS disabled, unless otherwise noted.
Table 1.
Parameter
RESOLUTION
ACCURACY
No Missing Codes
Offset Error
Gain Error 1
Differential Nonlinearity (DNL) 2
Integral Nonlinearity (INL)2
MATCHING CHARACTERISTICS
Offset Error
Gain Error1
TEMPERATURE DRIFT
Offset Error
INTERNAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE
Output Voltage (1 V Mode)
Load Regulation Error at 1.0 mA
INPUT-REFERRED NOISE
VREF = 1.0 V
ANALOG INPUT
Input Span, VREF = 1.0 V
Input Capacitance 3
Input Common-Mode Voltage
Input Common-Mode Range
REFERENCE INPUT RESISTANCE
POWER SUPPLIES
Supply Voltage
AVDD
DRVDD
Supply Current
IAVDD2
IDRVDD2 (1.8 V)
IDRVDD2 (3.3 V)
POWER CONSUMPTION
DC Input
Sine Wave Input2 (DRVDD = 1.8 V)
Sine Wave Input2 (DRVDD = 3.3 V)
Standby Power 4
Power-Down Power
Temp
Full
AD9231-20/AD9231-40
Min
Typ
Max
12
Full
Full
Full
Full
25°C
Full
25°C
Guaranteed
0.05
±0.5
−1.5
±0.30
±0.12
±0.45
±0.15
25°C
25°C
±0.0
0.3
Full
±2
Full
Full
0.981
Min
12
AD9231-65
Typ
Max
Min
12
Guaranteed
0.05
±0.5
−1.5
±0.40
±0.17
±0.50
±0.17
±0.70
±0.0
0.3
AD9231-80
Typ
Max
Guaranteed
0.05
±0.5
−1.5
±0.40
±0.2
±0.65
±0.2
±0.60
±0.0
0.4
±2
0.993
2
1.005
0.981
0.993
2
±0.60
±2
1.005
0.981
0.993
2
Unit
Bits
% FSR
% FSR
LSB
LSB
LSB
LSB
% FSR
% FSR
ppm/°C
1.005
V
mV
25°C
0.25
0.25
0.25
LSB rms
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
2
6
0.9
2
6
0.9
2
6
0.9
V p-p
pF
V
V
kΩ
Full
Full
0.5
1.3
0.5
7.5
1.7
1.7
1.3
0.5
7.5
1.8
1.9
3.6
Full
Full
Full
35.7/49.0
3.0/5.1
5.9/10.1
37.7/52.2
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
63.5/87.1
69.7/97.3
83.7/121.5
37/37
2.2
73.3/103.0
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.9
3.6
69
7.4
14.9
72.4
122.9
138.0
173.4
37
2.2
1.7
1.7
143.8
Measured with 1.0 V external reference.
Measured with a 10 MHz input frequency at rated sample rate, full-scale sine wave, with approximately 5 pF loading on each output bit.
Input capacitance refers to the effective capacitance between one differential input pin and AGND.
4
Standby power is measured with a dc input and the CLK active.
1
2
3
Rev. B | Page 4 of 36
1.3
7.5
1.8
1.9
3.6
V
V
80.0
9.1
18.3
83.4
mA
mA
mA
141.8
160.4
204
37
2.2
166.5
mW
mW
mW
mW
mW
Data Sheet
AD9231
AC SPECIFICATIONS
AVDD = 1.8 V; DRVDD = 1.8 V, maximum sample rate, 2 V p-p differential input, 1.0 V internal reference; AIN = −1.0 dBFS,
DCS disabled, unless otherwise noted.
Table 2.
Parameter 1
SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO (SNR)
fIN = 9.7 MHz
fIN = 30.5 MHz
fIN = 70 MHz
fIN = 200 MHz
SIGNAL-TO-NOISE-AND-DISTORTION (SINAD)
fIN = 9.7 MHz
fIN = 30.5 MHz
fIN = 70 MHz
fIN = 200 MHz
EFFECTIVE NUMBER OF BITS (ENOB)
fIN = 9.7 MHz
fIN = 30.5 MHz
fIN = 70 MHz
fIN = 200 MHz
WORST SECOND OR THIRD HARMONIC
fIN = 9.7 MHz
fIN = 30.5 MHz
fIN = 70 MHz
fIN = 200 MHz
SPURIOUS-FREE DYNAMIC RANGE (SFDR)
fIN = 9.7 MHz
fIN = 30.5 MHz
fIN = 70 MHz
fIN = 200 MHz
WORST OTHER (HARMONIC OR SPUR)
fIN = 9.7 MHz
fIN = 30.5 MHz
fIN = 70 MHz
fIN = 200 MHz
TWO-TONE SFDR
fIN = 28.3 MHz (−7 dBFS), 30.6 MHz (−7 dBFS)
CROSSTALK 2
ANALOG INPUT BANDWIDTH
1
2
Temp
25°C
25°C
Full
25°C
Full
25°C
25°C
25°C
Full
25°C
Full
25°C
AD9231-20/AD9231-40
Min
Typ
Max
AD9231-65
Min Typ
Max
AD9231-80
Min Typ
Max
71.4
71.3
71.3
71.2
70.7/71.5
70.6/71.3
70.1/70.7
dBFS
dBFS
dBFS
dBFS
dBFS
dBFS
70.5
70.5/71.0
71.0
70.9
70.1
69.0
69.0
69.0
70.6/71.4
70.6/71.2
71.3
71.2
71.2
71.1
Unit
68
68
68
dBFS
dBFS
dBFS
dBFS
dBFS
dBFS
25°C
25°C
25°C
25°C
11.4/11.6
11.4/11.5
11.4/11.5
11.0
11.6
11.5
11.5
11.0
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.0
Bits
Bits
Bits
Bits
25°C
25°C
Full
25°C
Full
25°C
−95
−95
−95
−95
−93
−93
dBc
dBc
dBc
dBc
dBc
dBc
25°C
25°C
Full
25°C
Full
25°C
70.1/70.6
70.0
70.4/70.9
70.9
70.8
70.0
−81
−81
−92/−94
−94
−92
−83
−83
−83
95
95
95
95
93
93
−81
81
dBc
dBc
dBc
dBc
dBc
dBc
81
92/94
94
92
81
83
83
83
25°C
25°C
Full
25°C
Full
25°C
−98
−97/−98
−98
−98
−97
−97
25°C
Full
25°C
−97/−98
−98
−95
−92
−92
−92
dBc
dBc
dBc
dBc
dBc
dBc
90
−110
700
90
−110
700
90
−110
700
dBc
dBc
MHz
−90
−90
−89
See the AN-835 Application Note, Understanding High Speed ADC Testing and Evaluation, for a complete set of definitions.
Crosstalk is measured at 100 MHz with −1.0 dBFS on one channel and no input on the alternate channel.
Rev. B | Page 5 of 36
AD9231
Data Sheet
DIGITAL SPECIFICATIONS
AVDD = 1.8 V; DRVDD = 1.8 V, maximum sample rate, 2 V p-p differential input, 1.0 V internal reference; AIN = −1.0 dBFS,
DCS disabled, unless otherwise noted.
Table 3.
Parameter
DIFFERENTIAL CLOCK INPUTS (CLK+, CLK−)
Logic Compliance
Internal Common-Mode Bias
Differential Input Voltage
Input Voltage Range
High Level Input Current
Low Level Input Current
Input Resistance
Input Capacitance
LOGIC INPUTS (SCLK/DFS, SYNC, PDWN) 1
High Level Input Voltage
Low Level Input Voltage
High Level Input Current
Low Level Input Current
Input Resistance
Input Capacitance
LOGIC INPUTS (CSB) 2
High Level Input Voltage
Low Level Input Voltage
High Level Input Current
Low Level Input Current
Input Resistance
Input Capacitance
LOGIC INPUTS (SDIO1/DCS2)
High Level Input Voltage
Low Level Input Voltage
High Level Input Current
Low Level Input Current
Input Resistance
Input Capacitance
DIGITAL OUTPUTS
DRVDD = 3.3 V
High Level Output Voltage, IOH = 50 µA
High Level Output Voltage, IOH = 0.5 mA
Low Level Output Voltage, IOL = 1.6 mA
Low Level Output Voltage, IOL = 50 µA
DRVDD = 1.8 V
High Level Output Voltage, IOH = 50 µA
High Level Output Voltage, IOH = 0.5 mA
Low Level Output Voltage, IOL = 1.6 mA
Low Level Output Voltage, IOL = 50 µA
1
2
Temp
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Min
AD9231-20/AD9231-40/AD9231-65/AD9231-80
Typ
Max
CMOS/LVDS/LVPECL
0.9
0.2
GND − 0.3
−10
−10
8
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
1.2
0
−50
−10
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
1.2
0
−10
40
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
1.2
0
−10
40
Full
Full
Full
Full
3.29
3.25
Full
Full
Full
Full
1.79
1.75
10
4
3.6
AVDD + 0.2
+10
+10
12
V
V
µA
µA
kΩ
pF
DRVDD + 0.3
0.8
+10
135
V
V
µA
µA
kΩ
pF
DRVDD + 0.3
0.8
+10
130
V
V
µA
µA
kΩ
pF
26
2
26
5
Rev. B | Page 6 of 36
V
V p-p
V
µA
µA
kΩ
pF
DRVDD + 0.3
0.8
−75
+10
30
2
Internal 30 kΩ pull-down.
Internal 30 kΩ pull-up.
Unit
0.2
0.05
V
V
V
V
0.2
0.05
V
V
V
V
Data Sheet
AD9231
SWITCHING SPECIFICATIONS
AVDD = 1.8 V; DRVDD = 1.8 V, maximum sample rate, 2 V p-p differential input, 1.0 V internal reference; AIN = −1.0 dBFS,
DCS disabled, unless otherwise noted.
Table 4.
Parameter
CLOCK INPUT PARAMETERS
Input Clock Rate
Conversion Rate 1
CLK Period—Divide-by-1 Mode (tCLK)
CLK Pulse Width High (tCH)
Aperture Delay (tA)
Aperture Uncertainty (Jitter, tJ)
DATA OUTPUT PARAMETERS
Data Propagation Delay (tPD)
DCO Propagation Delay (tDCO)
DCO to Data Skew (tSKEW)
Pipeline Delay (Latency)
Wake-Up Time 2
Standby
OUT-OF-RANGE RECOVERY TIME
Min
625
20/40
AD9231-65
Typ
Max
AD9231-80
Typ
Max
Full
Full
25.0/12.5
1.0
0.1
7.69
1.0
0.1
6.25
1.0
0.1
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
Full
3
3
0.1
9
350
600/400
2
3
3
0.1
9
350
300
2
3
3
0.1
9
350
260
2
ns
ns
ns
Cycles
µs
ns
Cycles
50/25
3
15.38
625
80
Unit
MHz
MSPS
ns
ns
ns
ps rms
3
625
65
Min
3
12.5
Conversion rate is the clock rate after the CLK divider.
Wake-up time is dependent on the value of the decoupling capacitors.
N–1
N+4
tA
N+5
N
N+3
VIN
N+1
tCH
N+2
tCLK
CLK+
CLK–
tDCO
DCOA/DCOB
tSKEW
CH A/CH B DATA
N–9
N–8
N–7
N–6
N–5
tPD
08121-002
2
Full
Full
Full
AD9231-20/AD9231-40
Min
Typ
Max
Figure 2. CMOS Output Data Timing
N–1
N+4
tA
N+5
N
N+3
VIN
N+1
tCH
N+2
tCLK
CLK+
CLK–
tDCO
DCOA/DCOB
tSKEW
CH A/CH B DATA
AS APPEARS ON
CH A OUTPUT PINS
CH A
N–9
CH B
N–9
CH A
N–8
CH B
N–8
CH A
N–7
CH B
N–7
CH A
N–6
CH B
N–6
tPD
Figure 3. CMOS Interleaved Output Timing, Output as Appears on Channel A Output Pins
Rev. B | Page 7 of 36
CH A
N–5
08121-003
1
Temp
AD9231
Data Sheet
TIMING SPECIFICATIONS
Table 5.
tDIS_SDIO
Conditions
Min
SYNC to rising edge of CLK setup time
SYNC to rising edge of CLK hold time
Setup time between the data and the rising edge of SCLK
Hold time between the data and the rising edge of SCLK
Period of the SCLK
Setup time between CSB and SCLK
Hold time between CSB and SCLK
SCLK pulse width high
SCLK pulse width low
Time required for the SDIO pin to switch from an input to an
output relative to the SCLK falling edge
Time required for the SDIO pin to switch from an output to an
input relative to the SCLK rising edge
Figure 4. SYNC Input Timing Requirements
Rev. B | Page 8 of 36
Unit
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
10
ns
tHSYNC
SYNC
Max
2
2
40
2
2
10
10
10
CLK+
tSSYNC
Typ
0.24
0.40
08121-004
Parameter
SYNC TIMING REQUIREMENTS
tSSYNC
tHSYNC
SPI TIMING REQUIREMENTS
tDS
tDH
tCLK
tS
tH
tHIGH
tLOW
tEN_SDIO
Data Sheet
AD9231
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS
Table 6.
Parameter
AVDD to AGND
DRVDD to AGND
VIN+A, VIN+B, VIN−A, VIN−B to AGND
CLK+, CLK− to AGND
SYNC to AGND
VREF to AGND
SENSE to AGND
VCM to AGND
RBIAS to AGND
CSB to AGND
SCLK/DFS to AGND
SDIO/DCS to AGND
OEB to AGND
PDWN to AGND
D0A/D0B through D11A/D11B to AGND
DCOA/DCOB to AGND
Operating Temperature Range (Ambient)
Maximum Junction Temperature Under Bias
Storage Temperature Range (Ambient)
Rating
−0.3 V to +2.0 V
−0.3 V to +3.9 V
−0.3 V to AVDD + 0.2 V
−0.3 V to AVDD + 0.2 V
−0.3 V to DRVDD + 0.3 V
−0.3 V to AVDD + 0.2 V
−0.3 V to AVDD + 0.2 V
−0.3 V to AVDD + 0.2 V
−0.3 V to AVDD + 0.2 V
−0.3 V to DRVDD + 0.3 V
−0.3 V to DRVDD + 0.3 V
−0.3 V to DRVDD + 0.3 V
−0.3 V to DRVDD + 0.3 V
−0.3 V to DRVDD + 0.3 V
−0.3 V to DRVDD + 0.3 V
−0.3 V to DRVDD + 0.3 V
−40°C to +85°C
150°C
−65°C to +150°C
Stresses at or above those listed under Absolute Maximum
Ratings may cause permanent damage to the product. This is a
stress rating only; functional operation of the product at these
or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational
section of this specification is not implied. Operation beyond
the maximum operating conditions for extended periods may
affect product reliability.
The exposed paddle is the only ground connection for the chip.
The exposed paddle must be soldered to the AGND plane of the
user’s circuit board. Soldering the exposed paddle to the user’s
board also increases the reliability of the solder joints and
maximizes the thermal capability of the package.
Table 7. Thermal Resistance
Package Type
64-Lead LFCSP
9 mm × 9 mm
(CP-64-4)
Airflow
Velocity
(m/sec)
0
1.0
2.5
θJA1, 2
23
20
18
θJC1, 3
2.0
θJB1, 4
12
Unit
°C/W
°C/W
°C/W
Per JEDEC 51-7, plus JEDEC 25-5 2S2P test board.
Per JEDEC JESD51-2 (still air) or JEDEC JESD51-6 (moving air).
Per MIL-Std 883, Method 1012.1.
4
Per JEDEC JESD51-8 (still air).
1
2
3
Typical θJA is specified for a 4-layer PCB with a solid ground
plane. As shown in Table 7, airflow improves heat dissipation,
which reduces θJA. In addition, metal in direct contact with the
package leads from metal traces, through holes, ground, and
power planes, reduces the θJA.
ESD CAUTION
Rev. B | Page 9 of 36
AD9231
Data Sheet
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
AVDD
AVDD
VIN+B
VIN–B
AVDD
AVDD
RBIAS
VCM
SENSE
VREF
AVDD
AVDD
VIN–A
VIN+A
AVDD
AVDD
PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
PIN 1
INDICATOR
AD9231
TOP VIEW
(Not to Scale)
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
PDWN
OEB
CSB
SCLK/DFS
SDIO/DCS
ORA
D11A (MSB)
D10A
D9A
D8A
D7A
DRVDD
D6A
D5A
D4A
D3A
08121-005
D8B
D9B
DRVDD
D10B
(MSB) D11B
ORB
DCOB
DCOA
NC
NC
NC
DRVDD
NC
(LSB) D0A
D1A
D2A
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
CLK+
CLK–
SYNC
NC
NC
NC
NC
(LSB) D0B
D1B
DRVDD
D2B
D3B
D4B
D5B
D6B
D7B
NOTES
1. NC = NO CONNECT.
2. THE EXPOSED PADDLE MUST BE SOLDERED TO THE PCB GROUND TO
ENSURE PROPER HEAT DISSIPATION, NOISE, AND MECHANICAL
STRENGTH BENEFITS.
Figure 5. Pin Configuration
Table 8. Pin Function Description
Pin No.
0
1, 2
3
4, 5, 6, 7, 25, 26, 27, 29
8 to 9, 11 to 18, 20, 21
10, 19, 28, 37
22
23
24
30 to 36, 38 to 42
43
44
Mnemonic
GND
CLK+, CLK−
SYNC
NC
D0B to D11B
DRVDD
ORB
DCOB
DCOA
D0A to D11A
ORA
SDIO/DCS
45
SCLK/DFS
46
47
CSB
OEB
48
PDWN
Description
Exposed paddle is the only ground connection for the chip. Must be connected to PCB AGND.
Differential Encode Clock. PECL, LVDS, or 1.8 V CMOS inputs.
Digital Input. SYNC input to clock divider. 30 kΩ internal pull-down.
Do Not Connect.
Channel B Digital Outputs. D11B = MSB.
Digital Output Driver Supply (1.8 V to 3.3 V).
Channel B Out-of-Range Digital Output.
Channel B Data Clock Digital Output.
Channel A Data Clock Digital Output.
Channel A Digital Outputs. D11A = MSB.
Channel A Out-of-Range Digital Output.
SPI Data Input/Output (SDIO). Bidirectional SPI Data I/O in SPI mode. 30 kΩ internal pulldown in SPI mode.
Duty Cycle Stabilizer (DCS). Static enable input for duty cycle stabilizer in non-SPI mode.
30 kΩ internal pull-up in non-SPI (DCS) mode.
SPI Clock (SCLK) Input in SPI mode. 30 kΩ internal pull-down.
Data Format Select (DFS). Static control of data output format in non-SPI mode. 30 kΩ internal
pull-down.
DFS high = twos complement output.
DFS low = offset binary output.
SPI Chip Select. Active low enable; 30 kΩ internal pull-up.
Digital Input. Enable Channel A and Channel B digital outputs if low, tristate outputs if high.
30 kΩ internal pull-down.
Digital Input. 30 kΩ internal pull-down.
PDWN high = power-down device.
PDWN low = run device, normal operation.
Rev. B | Page 10 of 36
Data Sheet
Pin No.
49, 50, 53, 54, 59, 60, 63, 64
51, 52
55
56
57
58
61, 62
AD9231
Mnemonic
AVDD
VIN+A, VIN−A
VREF
SENSE
VCM
RBIAS
VIN−B, VIN+B
Description
1.8 V Analog Supply Pins.
Channel A Analog Inputs.
Voltage Reference Input/Output.
Reference Mode Selection.
Analog output voltage at midsupply to set common mode of the analog inputs.
Sets Analog Current Bias. Connect to 10 kΩ (1% tolerance) resistor to ground.
Channel B Analog Inputs.
Rev. B | Page 11 of 36
AD9231
Data Sheet
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
AD9231-80
AVDD = 1.8 V; DRVDD = 1.8 V, maximum sample rate, 2 V p-p differential input, 1.0 V internal reference; AIN = −1.0 dBFS, DCS
disabled, unless otherwise noted.
0
0
80MSPS
9.7MHz @ –1dBFS
SNR = 70.2dB (71.2dBFS)
SFDR = 93.6dBc
–30
–45
–60
–75
–90
+
2
3
6
–105
5
4
–75
3
–90
2
6
+
5
–105
8
4
12
20
24
28
16
FREQUENCY (MHz)
32
40
36
–135
08121-054
0
0
Figure 6. AD9231-80 Single-Tone FFT with fIN = 9.7 MHz
4
8
12
28
20
24
16
FREQUENCY (MHz)
32
36
40
08121-057
–120
–135
Figure 9. AD9231-80 Single-Tone FFT with fIN = 100.3 MHz
0
0
80MSPS
30.6MHz @ –1dBFS
SNR = 70.1dB (71.1dBFS)
SFDR = 94.4dBc
–30
–30
–45
–60
–75
–90
5
–105
+
3
80MSPS
210.3MHz @ –1dBFS
SNR = 67.9dB (68.9dBFS)
SFDR = 83.2dBc
–15
AMPLITUDE (dBFS)
–15
6
2
–45
–60
–75
2
3
–90
+
6
5
4
4
–105
–120
–120
0
4
8
12
28
16
20
24
FREQUENCY (MHz)
36
32
40
–135
08121-055
–135
0
Figure 7. AD9231-80 Single-Tone FFT with fIN = 30.6 MHz
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
FREQUENCY (MHz)
32
36
40
08121-058
AMPLITUDE (dBFS)
–60
4
–120
Figure 10. AD9231-80 Single-Tone FFT with fIN = 210.3 MHz
0
0
80MSPS
69MHz @ –1dBFS
SNR = 69.9dB (70.9dBFS)
SFDR = 94.3dBc
–15
–30
–45
–60
–75
–90
+
6
–105
2
3
5
80MSPS
28.3 @ –7dBFS
30.6 @ –7dBFS
SFDR = 90dBc
–15
AMPLITUDE (dBFS)
–30
4
–45
–60
–75
–90
F2 – F1 2F2 – F1
2F1 + F2
F1 + F2
2F2 – F1
2F1 – F2
–105
–120
–120
–135
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
FREQUENCY (MHz)
32
36
Figure 8. AD9231-80 Single-Tone FFT with fIN = 69 MHz
40
–135
08121-056
AMPLITUDE (dBFS)
–45
0
4
8
12
24
28
16
20
FREQUENCY (MHz)
32
36
40
08121-059
AMPLITUDE (dBFS)
–30
80MSPS
100.3MHz @ –1dBFS
SNR = 69.5dB (70.5dBFS)
SFDR = 87.7dBc
–15
AMPLITUDE (dBFS)
–15
Figure 11. AD9231-80 Two-Tone FFT with fIN1 = 28.3 MHz and fIN2 = 30.6 MHz
Rev. B | Page 12 of 36
Data Sheet
AD9231
AVDD = 1.8 V; DRVDD = 1.8 V, maximum sample rate, 2 V p-p differential input, 1.0 V internal reference; AIN = −1.0 dBFS, DCS
disabled, unless otherwise noted.
0
100
90
SFDR
80
SFDR (dBc)
SNRFS/SFDR (dBFS/dBc)
SFDR/IMD3 (dBc/dBFS)
–20
–40
IMD3 (dBc)
–60
–80
SFDR (dBFS)
SNRFS
70
60
50
40
30
20
–100
10
–50
–40
–30
–20
INPUT AMPLITUDE (dBFS)
–10
0
Figure 12. Two-Tone SFDR/IMD3 vs. Input Amplitude (AIN) with
fIN1 = 28.3 MHz and fIN2 = 30.6 MHz
10
50
60
70
80
100
90
80
80
SNR/SFDR (dBc AND dBFS)
90
SNR
70
60
50
40
30
SNRFS
60
SNR
40
30
10
10
100
150
INPUT FREQUENCY (MHz)
200
Figure 13. AD9231-80 SNR/SFDR vs. Input Frequency (AIN) with
2 V p-p Full Scale
SFDR
50
20
0
SFDRFS
70
20
0
–70
08121-061
SNR/SFDR (dBFS/dBc)
40
Figure 15. AD9231-80 SNR/SFDR vs. Sample Rate with AIN = 9.7 MHz
SFDR
50
30
SAMPLE RATE (MHz)
100
0
20
–60
–30
–20
–50
–40
INPUT AMPLITUDE (dBc)
–10
0
08121-064
–60
08121-060
–120
–70
08121-062
IMD3 (dBFS)
Figure 16. AD9231-80 SNR/SFDR vs. Input Amplitude (AIN) with fIN = 9.7 MHz
0.4
0.3
0.2
INL ERROR (LSB)
0
–0.1
0
–0.2
–0.3
0
500
1000
1500 2000 2500
OUTPUT CODE
3000
3500
4000
0.4
0
500
1000
1500 2000 2500
OUTPUT CODE
3000
3500
Figure 17. AD9231-80 INL with fIN = 9.7 MHz
Figure 14. AD9231-80 DNL Error with fIN = 9.7 MHz
Rev. B | Page 13 of 36
4000
08121-066
–0.2
08121-063
DNL ERROR (LSB)
0.2
0.1
AD9231
Data Sheet
AD9231-65
AVDD = 1.8 V; DRVDD = 1.8 V, maximum sample rate, 2 V p-p differential input, 1.0 V internal reference; AIN = −1.0 dBFS, DCS
disabled, unless otherwise noted.
0
120
65MSPS
9.7MHz @ –1dBFS
SNR =70.3 (71.3dBFS)
SFDR = 94.2dBc
AMPLITUDE (dBFS)
–30
–45
–60
–75
–90
+
5
6
–105
2
3
4
SFDRFS
100
SNR/SFDR (dBc AND dBFS)
–15
80
SNRFS
60
SFDR
40
SNR
20
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
FREQUENCY (MHz)
24
27
30
33
0
–70
08121-067
Figure 18. AD9231-65 Single-Tone FFT with fIN = 9.7 MHz
0
–45
–60
–75
–90
+
2
3
5
6
4
–105
SFDR
80
SNR/SFDR (dBFS/dBc)
AMPLITUDE (dBFS)
90
65MSPS
30.6MHz @ –1dBFS
SNR = 70.2dB (71.2dBFS)
SFDR = 94.1dBc
–30
SNR
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
–120
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
FREQUENCY (MHz)
24
27
30
33
0
08121-069
0
65MSPS
69MHz @ –1dBFS
SNR = 69.9dB (70.9dBFS)
SFDR = 92.0dBc
–30
–45
–60
–75
–90
+
2
3
–105
4
5
6
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
FREQUENCY (MHz)
24
27
30
33
08121-068
–120
0
50
100
150
200
Figure 22. AD9231-65 SNR/SFDR vs. Input Frequency (AIN) with
2 V p-p Full Scale
0
–15
0
INPUT FREQUENCY (MHz)
Figure 19. AD9231-65 Single-Tone FFT with fIN = 30.6 MHz
AMPLITUDE (dBFS)
–10
100
–15
–135
–50
–40
–30
–20
INPUT AMPLITUDE (dBc)
Figure 21. AD9231-65 SNR/SFDR vs. Input Amplitude (AIN) with fIN = 9.7 MHz
0
–135
–60
Figure 20. AD9231-65 Single-Tone FFT with fIN = 69 MHz
Rev. B | Page 14 of 36
08121-071
–135
08121-070
–120
Data Sheet
AD9231
AD9231-40
AVDD = 1.8 V; DRVDD = 1.8 V, maximum sample rate, 2 V p-p differential input, 1.0 V internal reference; AIN = −1.0 dBFS, DCS
disabled, unless otherwise noted.
120
0
40MSPS
9.7MHz @ –1dBFS
SNR = 70.3dB (71.3dBFS)
SFDR = 93.8dBc
AMPLITUDE (dBFS)
–30
–45
–60
–75
–90
5
4
–105
SFDRFS
100
SNR/SFDR (dBc AND dBFS)
–15
+
3
2
6
80
SNRFS
60
SFDR
40
SNR
20
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
FREQUENCY (MHz)
16
18
20
0
–70
08121-072
–135
Figure 23. AD9231-40 Single-Tone FFT with fIN = 9.7 MHz
40MSPS
30.6MHz @ –1dBFS
SNR = 70.2dB (71.2dBFS)
SFDR = 95.4dBc
–45
–60
–75
–90
+
5
4
–105
3
2
6
–120
–135
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
FREQUENCY (MHz)
16
18
20
08121-073
AMPLITUDE (dBFS)
–30
–30
–20
–40
–50
INPUT AMPLITUDE (dBc)
–10
0
Figure 25. AD9231-40 SNR/SFDR vs. Input Amplitude (AIN) with fIN = 9.7 MHz
0
–15
–60
08121-074
–120
Figure 24. AD9231-40 Single-Tone FFT with fIN = 30.6 MHz
Rev. B | Page 15 of 36
AD9231
Data Sheet
AD9231-20
AVDD = 1.8 V; DRVDD = 1.8 V, maximum sample rate, 2 V p-p differential input, 1.0 V internal reference; AIN = −1.0 dBFS, DCS
disabled, unless otherwise noted.
0
120
20MSPS
9.7MHz @ –1dBFS
SNR = 70.3dB (71.3dBFS)
SFDR = 94.1dBc
AMPLITUDE (dBFS)
–30
–45
–60
–75
–90
+
2
4
–105
SFDRFS
100
SNR/SFDR (dBc AND dBFS)
–15
5
3
6
80
SNRFS
60
SFDR
40
SNR
20
0
0.95 1.90 2.85 3.80 4.75 5.70 6.65 7.60 8.55 9.50
FREQUENCY (MHz)
0
–70
08121-075
–135
Figure 26. AD9231-20 Single-Tone FFT with fIN = 9.7 MHz
20MSPS
30.6MHz @ –1dBFS
SNR = 70.2dB (71.2dBFS)
SFDR = 94.6dBc
–45
–60
–75
–90
2
–105
+
4
6
5
3
–120
–135
0
0.95 1.90 2.85 3.80 4.75 5.70 6.65 7.60 8.55 9.50
FREQUENCY (MHz)
08121-076
AMPLITUDE (dBFS)
–30
–50
–40
–30
–20
INPUT AMPLITUDE (dBc)
–10
0
Figure 28. AD9231-20 SNR/SFDR vs. Input Amplitude (AIN) with fIN = 9.7 MHz
0
–15
–60
08121-077
–120
Figure 27. AD9231-20 Single-Tone FFT with fIN = 30.6 MHz
Rev. B | Page 16 of 36
Data Sheet
AD9231
EQUIVALENT CIRCUITS
DRVDD
AVDD
08121-042
08121-039
VIN±x
Figure 29. Equivalent Analog Input Circuit
Figure 32. Equivalent Digital Output Circuit
5Ω
CLK+
15kΩ
0.9V
15kΩ
DRVDD
5Ω
CLK–
350Ω
30kΩ
08121-040
08121-043
SCLK/DFS, SYNC,
OEB, AND PDWN
Figure 33. Equivalent SCLK/DFS, SYNC, OEB, and PDWN Input Circuit
Figure 30. Equivalent Clock Input Circuit
AVDD
AVDD
DRVDD
30kΩ
SDIO/DCS
350Ω
RBIAS
AND VCM
375Ω
08121-041
08121-044
30kΩ
Figure 34. Equivalent RBIAS and VCM Circuit
Figure 31. Equivalent SDIO/DCS Input Circuit
Rev. B | Page 17 of 36
AD9231
Data Sheet
DRVDD
AVDD
AVDD
30kΩ
375Ω
VREF
08121-045
7.5kΩ
Figure 35. Equivalent CSB Input Circuit
Figure 37. Equivalent VREF Circuit
AVDD
375Ω
08121-046
SENSE
Figure 36. Equivalent SENSE Circuit
Rev. B | Page 18 of 36
08121-047
350Ω
CSB
Data Sheet
AD9231
THEORY OF OPERATION
ANALOG INPUT CONSIDERATIONS
The analog input to the AD9231 is a differential switchedcapacitor circuit designed for processing differential input
signals. This circuit can support a wide common-mode range
while maintaining excellent performance. By using an input
common-mode voltage of midsupply, users can minimize
signal-dependent errors and achieve optimum performance.
H
In nondiversity applications, the AD9231 can be used as a baseband or direct downconversion receiver, where one ADC is
used for I input data and the other is used for Q input data.
CPAR
H
VIN+x
CSAMPLE
Synchronization capability is provided to allow synchronized
timing between multiple channels or multiple devices.
S
S
S
S
CSAMPLE
VIN–x
Programming and control of the AD9231 is accomplished using
a 3-bit SPI-compatible serial interface.
H
CPAR
H
ADC ARCHITECTURE
The AD9231 architecture consists of a multistage, pipelined ADC.
Each stage provides sufficient overlap to correct for flash errors
in the preceding stage. The quantized outputs from each stage are
combined into a final 12-bit result in the digital correction logic.
The pipelined architecture permits the first stage to operate with
a new input sample while the remaining stages operate with
preceding samples. Sampling occurs on the rising edge of
the clock.
Each stage of the pipeline, excluding the last, consists of a low
resolution flash ADC connected to a switched-capacitor DAC
and an interstage residue amplifier (for example, a multiplying
digital-to-analog converter (MDAC)). The residue amplifier
magnifies the difference between the reconstructed DAC output
and the flash input for the next stage in the pipeline. One bit of
redundancy is used in each stage to facilitate digital correction
of flash errors. The last stage simply consists of a flash ADC.
The output staging block aligns the data, corrects errors, and
passes the data to the CMOS output buffers. The output buffers
are powered from a separate (DRVDD) supply, allowing adjustment of the output voltage swing. During power-down, the
output buffers go into a high impedance state.
08121-006
The AD9231 dual ADC design can be used for diversity reception of signals, where the ADCs are operating identically on the
same carrier but from two separate antennae. The ADCs can
also be operated with independent analog inputs. The user can
sample any fS/2 frequency segment from dc to 200 MHz, using
appropriate low-pass or band-pass filtering at the ADC inputs
with little loss in ADC performance. Operation to 300 MHz
analog input is permitted but occurs at the expense of increased
ADC noise and distortion.
Figure 38. Switched-Capacitor Input Circuit
The clock signal alternately switches the input circuit between
sample-and-hold mode (see Figure 38). When the input circuit
is switched to sample mode, the signal source must be capable
of charging the sample capacitors and settling within one-half
of a clock cycle. A small resistor in series with each input can
help reduce the peak transient current injected from the output
stage of the driving source. In addition, low Q inductors or ferrite
beads can be placed on each leg of the input to reduce high
differential capacitance at the analog inputs and, therefore,
achieve the maximum bandwidth of the ADC. Such use of low
Q inductors or ferrite beads is required when driving the converter
front end at high IF frequencies. Either a shunt capacitor or two
single-ended capacitors can be placed on the inputs to provide a
matching passive network. This ultimately creates a low-pass
filter at the input to limit unwanted broadband noise. See the
AN-742 Application Note, the AN-827 Application Note, and the
Analog Dialogue article “Transformer-Coupled Front-End for
Wideband A/D Converters” (Volume 39, April 2005) for more
information. In general, the precise values depend on the
application.
Rev. B | Page 19 of 36
AD9231
Data Sheet
The analog inputs of the AD9231 are not internally dc-biased.
Therefore, in ac-coupled applications, the user must provide a
dc bias externally. Setting the device so that VCM = AVDD/2 is
recommended for optimum performance, but the device can
function over a wider range with reasonable performance, as
shown in Figure 39 and Figure 40.
The output common-mode voltage of the ADA4938-2 is easily
set with the VCM pin of the AD9231 (see Figure 41), and the
driver can be configured in a Sallen-Key filter topology to
provide band limiting of the input signal.
200Ω
VIN
33Ω
VIN–x
AVDD
90Ω
10pF
ADA4938
0.1µF
An on-board, common-mode voltage reference is included in
the design and is available from the VCM pin. The VCM pin
must be decoupled to ground by a 0.1 μF capacitor, as described
in the Applications Information section.
120Ω
33Ω
ADC
VCM
VIN+x
200Ω
Figure 41. Differential Input Configuration Using the ADA4938-2
For baseband applications below ~10 MHz where SNR is a key
parameter, differential transformer-coupling is the recommended
input configuration. An example is shown in Figure 42. To bias
the analog input, the VCM voltage can be connected to the
center tap of the secondary winding of the transformer.
100
SFDR (dBc)
90
80
VIN+x
R
SNR (dBFS)
2V p-p
49.9Ω
C
70
R
60
ADC
VIN–x
VCM
08121-008
SNR/SFDR (dBFS/dBc)
76.8Ω
08121-007
Input Common Mode
0.1µF
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
INPUT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V)
1.2
1.3
08121-149
Figure 42. Differential Transformer-Coupled Configuration
50
0.5
The signal characteristics must be considered when selecting
a transformer. Most RF transformers saturate at frequencies
below a few megahertz (MHz). Excessive signal power can also
cause core saturation, which leads to distortion.
Figure 39. SNR/SFDR vs. Input Common-Mode Voltage,
fIN = 32.1 MHz, fS = 80 MSPS
100
At input frequencies in the second Nyquist zone and above, the
noise performance of most amplifiers is not adequate to achieve
the true SNR performance of the AD9231. For applications above
~10 MHz where SNR is a key parameter, differential double balun
coupling is the recommended input configuration (see Figure 44).
SFDR (dBc)
SNR/SFDR (dBFS/dBc)
90
80
An alternative to using a transformer-coupled input at frequencies
in the second Nyquist zone is to use the AD8352 differential driver.
An example is shown in Figure 45. See the AD8352 data sheet
for more information.
SNR (dBFS)
70
60
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
INPUT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V)
1.2
1.3
In any configuration, the value of Shunt Capacitor C is dependent
on the input frequency and source impedance and may need to
be reduced or removed. Table 9 displays the suggested values to set
the RC network. However, these values are dependent on the
input signal and should be used only as a starting guide.
08121-150
50
0.5
Figure 40. SNR/SFDR vs. Input Common-Mode Voltage,
fIN = 10.3 MHz, fS = 20 MSPS
Differential Input Configurations
Table 9. Example RC Network
Optimum performance is achieved while driving the AD9231 in a
differential input configuration. For baseband applications, the
AD8138, ADA4937-2, and ADA4938-2 differential drivers provide
excellent performance and a flexible interface to the ADC.
Frequency Range (MHz)
0 to 70
70 to 200
Rev. B | Page 20 of 36
R Series
(Ω Each)
33
125
C Differential (pF)
22
Open
Data Sheet
AD9231
AVDD
10µF
1kΩ
A single-ended input can provide adequate performance in
cost-sensitive applications. In this configuration, SFDR and
distortion performance degrade due to the large input commonmode swing. If the source impedances on each input are matched,
there should be little effect on SNR performance. Figure 43
shows a typical single-ended input configuration.
1V p-p
49.9Ω
R
VIN+x
1kΩ
AVDD
ADC
C
1kΩ
R
VIN–x
10µF
0.1µF
1kΩ
Figure 43. Single-Ended Input Configuration
R
0.1µF
0.1µF
0.1µF
VIN+x
2V p-p
25Ω
S
S
P
ADC
C
0.1µF
25Ω
0.1µF
R
VIN–x
VCM
08121-010
PA
Figure 44. Differential Double Balun Input Configuration
VCC
ANALOG INPUT
0Ω
16
1
8, 13
11
RG
RD
3
ANALOG INPUT
0.1µF 0Ω
VIN+x
C
AD8352
10
4
5
R
200Ω
2
CD
0.1µF
0.1µF
0.1µF
200Ω
ADC
R
VIN–x
14
0.1µF
0.1µF
Figure 45. Differential Input Configuration Using the AD8352
Rev. B | Page 21 of 36
VCM
08121-011
0.1µF
08121-009
Single-Ended Input Configuration
AD9231
Data Sheet
Internal Reference Connection
A comparator within the AD9231 detects the potential at the
SENSE pin and configures the reference into two possible modes,
which are summarized in Table 10. If SENSE is grounded, the
reference amplifier switch is connected to the internal resistor
divider (see Figure 46), setting VREF to 1.0 V.
0
VIN+A/VIN+B
–0.5
–1.0
INTERNAL VREF = 0.993V
–1.5
–2.0
–2.5
–3.0
VIN–A/VIN–B
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
Figure 47. VREF Accuracy vs. Load Current
ADC
CORE
VREF
1.0µF
0.1µF
SELECT
LOGIC
SENSE
ADC
08121-012
0.5V
Figure 46. Internal Reference Configuration
Table 10. Reference Configuration Summary
Selected Mode
Fixed Internal Reference
Fixed External Reference
SENSE Voltage (V)
AGND to 0.2
AVDD
Resulting VREF (V)
1.0 internal
1.0 applied to external VREF pin
Rev. B | Page 22 of 36
Resulting Differential Span (V p-p)
2.0
2.0
08121-014
A stable and accurate 1.0 V voltage reference is built into the
AD9231. The VREF can be configured using either the internal
1.0 V reference or an externally applied 1.0 V reference voltage.
The various reference modes are summarized in the sections
that follow. The Reference Decoupling section describes the
best practices PCB layout of the reference.
If the internal reference of the AD9231 is used to drive multiple
converters to improve gain matching, the loading of the reference
by the other converters must be considered. Figure 47 shows
how the internal reference voltage is affected by loading.
REFERENCE VOLTAGE ERROR (%)
VOLTAGE REFERENCE
Data Sheet
AD9231
External Reference Operation
Clock Input Options
The use of an external reference may be necessary to enhance
the gain accuracy of the ADC or improve thermal drift characteristics. Figure 48 shows the typical drift characteristics of the
internal reference in 1.0 V mode.
The AD9231 has a very flexible clock input structure. The clock
input can be a CMOS, LVDS, LVPECL, or sine wave signal.
Regardless of the type of signal being used, clock source jitter
is of the most concern, as described in the Jitter Considerations
section.
4
Figure 50 and Figure 51 show two preferred methods for clocking the AD9231 (at clock rates up to 625 MHz). A low jitter clock
source is converted from a single-ended signal to a differential
signal using either an RF transformer or an RF balun.
3
VREF ERROR (mV)
1
0
The RF balun configuration is recommended for clock frequencies
between 125 MHz and 625 MHz, and the RF transformer is recommended for clock frequencies from 10 MHz to 200 MHz. The
back-to-back Schottky diodes across the transformer/balun
secondary limit clock excursions into the AD9231 to approximately 0.8 V p-p differential.
–2
–3
–4
–6
–40
–20
0
20
40
TEMPERATURE (°C)
60
80
08121-052
–5
Figure 48. Typical VREF Drift
When the SENSE pin is tied to AVDD, the internal reference is
disabled, allowing the use of an external reference. An internal
reference buffer loads the external reference with an equivalent
7.5 kΩ load (see Figure 37). The internal buffer generates the
positive and negative full-scale references for the ADC core.
Therefore, the external reference must be limited to a maximum
of 1.0 V.
This limit helps prevent the large voltage swings of the clock
from feeding through to other portions of the AD9231 while
preserving the fast rise and fall times of the signal that are
critical to a low jitter performance.
Mini-Circuits®
ADT1-1WT, 1:1 Z
0.1µF
CLK+
100Ω
50Ω
ADC
0.1µF
SCHOTTKY
DIODES:
HSMS2822
0.1µF
Figure 50. Transformer-Coupled Differential Clock (Up to 200 MHz)
1nF
CLOCK
INPUT
AVDD
0.1µF
CLK+
50Ω
ADC
0.1µF
1nF
CLK–
SCHOTTKY
DIODES:
HSMS2822
0.9V
CLK+
Figure 51. Balun-Coupled Differential Clock (Up to 625 MHz)
CLK–
2pF
08121-016
2pF
XFMR
CLK–
CLOCK INPUT CONSIDERATIONS
For optimum performance, clock the AD9231 sample clock
inputs, CLK+ and CLK−, with a differential signal. The signal
is typically ac-coupled into the CLK+ and CLK− pins via a
transformer or capacitors. These pins are biased internally
(see Figure 49) and require no external bias.
0.1µF
CLOCK
INPUT
08121-017
–1
Figure 49. Equivalent Clock Input Circuit
Rev. B | Page 23 of 36
08121-018
VREF ERROR (mV)
2
AD9231
Data Sheet
If a low jitter clock source is not available, another option is to
ac couple a differential PECL signal to the sample clock input
pins, as shown in Figure 52. The AD9510/AD9511/AD9512/
AD9513/AD9514/AD9515/AD9516/AD9517 clock drivers offer
excellent jitter performance.
CLK+
0.1µF
50kΩ
AD951x
PECL DRIVER
240Ω
50kΩ
100Ω
0.1µF
ADC
CLK–
08121-019
CLOCK
INPUT
0.1µF
240Ω
Figure 52. Differential PECL Sample Clock (Up to 625 MHz)
A third option is to ac couple a differential LVDS signal to the
sample clock input pins, as shown in Figure 53. The AD9510/
AD9511/AD9512/AD9513/AD9514/AD9515/AD9516/AD9517
clock drivers offer excellent jitter performance.
0.1µF
CLOCK
INPUT
CLK+
0.1µF
50kΩ
AD951x
LVDS DRIVER
100Ω
0.1µF
ADC
CLK–
08121-020
CLOCK
INPUT
0.1µF
50kΩ
Figure 53. Differential LVDS Sample Clock (Up to 625 MHz)
In some applications, it may be acceptable to drive the sample
clock inputs with a single-ended 1.8 V CMOS signal. In such
applications, drive the CLK+ pin directly from a CMOS gate, and
bypass the CLK− pin to ground with a 0.1 μF capacitor (see
Figure 54).
CLOCK
INPUT
50Ω 1
1kΩ
AD951x
CMOS DRIVER
OPTIONAL
0.1µF
100Ω
1kΩ
The AD9231 clock divider can be synchronized using the
external SYNC input. Bit 1 and Bit 2 of Register 0x100 allow
the clock divider to be resynchronized on every SYNC signal
or only on the first SYNC signal after the register is written. A
valid SYNC causes the clock divider to reset to its initial state.
This synchronization feature allows multiple parts to have
their clock dividers aligned to guarantee simultaneous input
sampling.
Clock Duty Cycle
Typical high speed ADCs use both clock edges to generate
a variety of internal timing signals and, as a result, may be
sensitive to clock duty cycle. Commonly, a ±5% tolerance is
required on the clock duty cycle to maintain dynamic
performance characteristics.
The AD9231 contains a duty cycle stabilizer (DCS) that retimes
the nonsampling (falling) edge, providing an internal clock
signal with a nominal 50% duty cycle. This allows the user to
provide a wide range of clock input duty cycles without affecting
the performance of the AD9231. Noise and distortion performance are nearly flat for a wide range of duty cycles with the DCS
on, as shown in Figure 55.
Jitter in the rising edge of the input is still of concern and is not
easily reduced by the internal stabilization circuit. The duty
cycle control loop does not function for clock rates less than
20 MHz nominally. The loop has a time constant associated
with it that must be considered in applications in which the
clock rate can change dynamically. A wait time of 1.5 μs to 5 μs
is required after a dynamic clock frequency increase or decrease
before the DCS loop is relocked to the input signal.
VCC
0.1µF
The AD9231 contains an input clock divider with the ability
to divide the input clock by integer values between 1 and 8.
Optimum performance is obtained by enabling the internal
duty cycle stabilizer (DCS) when using divide ratios other
than 1, 2, or 4.
CLK+
ADC
CLK–
80
RESISTOR IS OPTIONAL.
75
DCS ON
70
Figure 54. Single-Ended 1.8 V CMOS Input Clock (Up to 200 MHz)
SNR (dBFS)
150Ω
08121-021
0.1µF
65
60
DCS OFF
55
50
45
08121-078
0.1µF
CLOCK
INPUT
Input Clock Divider
40
10
20
30
40
50
60
POSITIVE DUTY CYCLE (%)
Figure 55. SNR vs. DCS On/Off
Rev. B | Page 24 of 36
70
80
Data Sheet
AD9231
Jitter Considerations
POWER DISSIPATION AND STANDBY MODE
High speed, high resolution ADCs are sensitive to the quality
of the clock input. The degradation in SNR from the low frequency SNR (SNRLF) at a given input frequency (fINPUT) due to
jitter (tJRMS) can be calculated by
As shown in Figure 57, the analog core power dissipated by
the AD9231 is proportional to its sample rate. The digital
power dissipation of the CMOS outputs are determined
primarily by the strength of the digital drivers and the load
on each output bit.
SNRHF = −10 log[(2π × fINPUT × tJRMS)2 + 10 ( − SNRLF /10) ]
In the previous equation, the rms aperture jitter represents the
clock input jitter specification. IF undersampling applications
are particularly sensitive to jitter, as illustrated in Figure 56.
80
75
70
0.5ps
1.5ps
50
3.0ps
45
1
10
2.0ps
2.5ps
100
FREQUENCY (MHz)
where N is the number of output bits (26, in the case of the
AD9231).
Reducing the capacitive load presented to the output drivers can
minimize digital power consumption. The data in Figure 57 was
taken using the same operating conditions as those used for the
Typical Performance Characteristics, with a 5 pF load on each
output driver.
1.0ps
1k
08121-022
SNR (dBFS)
0.2ps
65
55
IDRVDD = VDRVDD × CLOAD × fCLK × N
This maximum current occurs when every output bit switches
on every clock cycle, that is, a full-scale square wave at the Nyquist
frequency of fCLK/2. In practice, the DRVDD current is established by the average number of output bits switching, which
is determined by the sample rate and the characteristics of the
analog input signal.
0.05ps
60
The maximum DRVDD current (IDRVDD) can be calculated as
150
For more information, see the AN-501 Application Note and the
AN-756 Application Note available on www.analog.com.
CHANNEL/CHIP SYNCHRONIZATION
The AD9231 has a SYNC input that offers the user flexible
synchronization options for synchronizing sample clocks
across multiple ADCs. The input clock divider can be enabled
to synchronize on a single occurrence of the SYNC signal or on
every occurrence. The SYNC input is internally synchronized
to the sample clock; however, to ensure there is no timing
uncertainty between multiple parts, the SYNC input signal should
be externally synchronized to the input clock signal, meeting the
setup and hold times shown in Table 5. Drive the SYNC input
using a single-ended CMOS-type signal.
Rev. B | Page 25 of 36
130
AD9231-80
110
AD9231-65
90
AD9231-40
70
08121-079
The clock input should be treated as an analog signal in cases in
which aperture jitter may affect the dynamic range of the AD9231.
To avoid modulating the clock signal with digital noise, keep
power supplies for clock drivers separate from the ADC output
driver supplies. Low jitter, crystal-controlled oscillators make the
best clock sources. If the clock is generated from another type of
source (by gating, dividing, or another method), it should be
retimed by the original clock at the last step.
ANALOG CORE POWER (mW)
Figure 56. SNR vs. Input Frequency and Jitter
AD9231-20
50
0
10
20
40
30
50
CLOCK RATE (MSPS)
60
Figure 57. Analog Core Power vs. Clock Rate
70
80
AD9231
Data Sheet
The AD9231 is placed in power-down mode either by the SPI
port or by asserting the PDWN pin high. In this state, the ADC
typically dissipates 2.2 mW. During power-down, the output
drivers are placed in a high impedance state. Asserting the
PDWN pin low returns the AD9231 to its normal operating
mode. Note that PDWN is referenced to the digital output
driver supply (DRVDD) and should not exceed that supply
voltage.
As detailed in the AN-877 Application Note, Interfacing to High
Speed ADCs via SPI, the data format can be selected for offset
binary, twos complement, or gray code when using the SPI control.
Low power dissipation in power-down mode is achieved by
shutting down the reference, reference buffer, biasing networks,
and clock. Internal capacitors are discharged when entering powerdown mode and then must be recharged when returning to normal
operation. As a result, wake-up time is related to the time spent
in power-down mode, and shorter power-down cycles result in
proportionally shorter wake-up times.
Digital Output Enable Function (OEB)
When using the SPI port interface, the user can place the ADC
in power-down mode or standby mode. Standby mode allows
the user to keep the internal reference circuitry powered when
faster wake-up times are required. See the Memory Map section
for more details.
DIGITAL OUTPUTS
The AD9231 output drivers can be configured to interface with
1.8 V to 3.3 V CMOS logic families. Output data can also be
multiplexed onto a single output bus to reduce the total number
of traces required.
The CMOS output drivers are sized to provide sufficient output
current to drive a wide variety of logic families. However, large
drive currents tend to cause current glitches on the supplies
and may affect converter performance.
Applications requiring the ADC to drive large capacitive loads
or large fanouts may require external buffers or latches.
The output data format can be selected to be either offset binary
or twos complement by setting the SCLK/DFS pin when operating
in the external pin mode (see Table 11).
Table 11. SCLK/DFS Mode Selection (External Pin Mode)
Voltage at Pin
AGND
DRVDD
SCLK/DFS
Offset binary (default)
Twos complement
SDIO/DCS
DCS disabled(default)
DCS enabled
The AD9231 has a flexible three-state ability for the digital
output pins. The three-state mode is enabled using the OEB pin
or through the SPI interface. If the OEB pin is low, the output
data drivers and DCOs are enabled. If the OEB pin is high, the
output data drivers and DCOs are placed in a high impedance
state. This OEB function is not intended for rapid access to the
data bus. Note that OEB is referenced to the digital output
driver supply (DRVDD) and should not exceed that supply
voltage.
When using the SPI interface, the data outputs and DCO of
each channel can be independently three-stated by using the
output disable (OEB) bit (Bit 4) in Register 0x14.
TIMING
The AD9231 provides latched data with a pipeline delay of
9 clock cycles. Data outputs are available one propagation
delay (tPD) after the rising edge of the clock signal.
Minimize the length of the output data lines and loads placed
on them to reduce transients within the AD9231. These
transients can degrade converter dynamic performance.
The lowest typical conversion rate of the AD9231 is 3 MSPS. At
clock rates below 3 MSPS, dynamic performance can degrade.
Data Clock Output (DCO)
The AD9231 provides two data clock output (DCO) signals
intended for capturing the data in an external register. The CMOS
data outputs are valid on the rising edge of DCO, unless the DCO
clock polarity has been changed via the SPI. See Figure 2 and
Figure 3 for a graphical timing description.
Table 12. Output Data Format
Input (V)
VIN+ − VIN−
VIN+ − VIN−
VIN+ − VIN−
VIN+ − VIN−
VIN+ − VIN−
Condition (V)
< −VREF − 0.5 LSB
= −VREF
=0
= +VREF − 1.0 LSB
> +VREF − 0.5 LSB
Offset Binary Output Mode
0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000
1000 0000 0000
1111 1111 1111
1111 1111 1111
Rev. B | Page 26 of 36
Twos Complement Mode
1000 0000 0000
1000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000
0111 1111 1111
0111 1111 1111
OR
1
0
0
0
1
Data Sheet
AD9231
BUILT-IN SELF-TEST (BIST) AND OUTPUT TEST
The AD9231 includes a built-in self-test feature designed to
enable verification of the integrity of each channel as well as to
facilitate board level debugging. A built-in self-test (BIST) feature
that verifies the integrity of the digital datapath of the AD9231
is included. Various output test options are also provided to place
predictable values on the outputs of the AD9231.
BUILT-IN SELF-TEST (BIST)
The BIST is a thorough test of the digital portion of the selected
AD9231 signal path. Perform the BIST test after a reset to ensure
the part is in a known state. During BIST, data from an internal
pseudorandom noise (PN) source is driven through the digital
datapath of both channels, starting at the ADC block output.
At the datapath output, CRC logic calculates a signature from
the data. The BIST sequence runs for 512 cycles and then stops.
Once completed, the BIST compares the signature results with a
pre-determined value. If the signatures match, the BIST sets Bit 0
of Register 0x24, signifying the test passed. If the BIST test failed,
Bit 0 of Register 0x24 is cleared. The outputs are connected
during this test, so the PN sequence can be observed as it runs.
Writing the value 0x05 to Register 0x0E runs the BIST. This enables
the Bit 0 (BIST enable) of Register 0x0E and resets the PN sequence
generator, Bit 2 (BIST INIT) of Register 0x0E. At the completion of
the BIST, Bit 0 of Register 0x24 is automatically cleared. The PN
sequence can be continued from its last value by writing a 0 in
Bit 2 of Register 0x0E. However, if the PN sequence is not reset,
the signature calculation does not equal the predetermined
value at the end of the test. At that point, the user needs to rely
on verifying the output data.
OUTPUT TEST MODES
The output test options are described in Table 16 at Address
0x0D. When an output test mode is enabled, the analog section
of the ADC is disconnected from the digital back-end blocks
and the test pattern is run through the output formatting block.
Some of the test patterns are subject to output formatting, and
some are not. The PN generators from the PN sequence tests
can be reset by setting Bit 4 or Bit 5 of Register 0x0D. These
tests can be performed with or without an analog signal (if
present, the analog signal is ignored), but they do require
an encode clock. For more information, see the AN-877
Application Note, Interfacing to High Speed ADCs via SPI.
Rev. B | Page 27 of 36
AD9231
Data Sheet
SERIAL PORT INTERFACE (SPI)
The AD9231 serial port interface (SPI) allows the user to configure
the converter for specific functions or operations through a
structured register space provided inside the ADC. The SPI
gives the user added flexibility and customization, depending
on the application. Addresses are accessed via the serial port
and can be written to or read from via the port. Memory is
organized into bytes that can be further divided into fields,
which are documented in the Memory Map section. For
detailed operational information, see the AN-877 Application
Note, Interfacing to High Speed ADCs via SPI.
The falling edge of CSB, in conjunction with the rising edge of
SCLK, determines the start of the framing. An example of the
serial timing and its definitions can be found in Figure 58 and
Table 5.
CONFIGURATION USING THE SPI
During an instruction phase, a 16-bit instruction is transmitted.
Data follows the instruction phase, and its length is determined
by the W0 and W1 bits as shown in Figure 58.
Other modes involving the CSB are available. The CSB can be
held low indefinitely, which permanently enables the device;
this is called streaming. The CSB can stall high between bytes to
allow for additional external timing. When CSB is tied high, SPI
functions are placed in high impedance mode. This mode turns
on any SPI pin secondary functions.
Three pins define the SPI of this ADC: the SCLK, the SDIO,
and the CSB (see Table 13). The SCLK (a serial clock) is used
to synchronize the read and write data presented from and to
the ADC. The SDIO (serial data input/output) is a dual-purpose
pin that allows data to be sent and read from the internal ADC
memory map registers. The CSB (chip select bar) is an activelow control that enables or disables the read and write cycles.
All data is composed of 8-bit words. The first bit of the first byte
in a multibyte serial data transfer frame indicates whether a read
command or a write command is issued. This allows the serial
data input/output (SDIO) pin to change direction from an input
to an output at the appropriate point in the serial frame.
In addition to word length, the instruction phase determines
whether the serial frame is a read or write operation, allowing
the serial port to be used both to program the chip and to read
the contents of the on-chip memory. If the instruction is a readback
operation, performing a readback causes the serial data input/
output (SDIO) pin to change direction from an input to an output
at the appropriate point in the serial frame.
Table 13. Serial Port Interface Pins
Pin
SCLK
SDIO
CSB
Function
Serial Clock. The serial shift clock input, which is used to
synchronize serial interface reads and writes.
Serial Data Input/Output. A dual-purpose pin that
typically serves as an input or an output, depending on
the instruction being sent and the relative position in the
timing frame.
Chip Select Bar. An active-low control that gates the read
and write cycles.
tHIGH
tDS
tS
tDH
Data can be sent in MSB-first mode or in LSB-first mode. MSB
first is the default on power-up and can be changed via the SPI
port configuration register. For more information about this
and other features, see the AN-877 Application Note, Interfacing
to High Speed ADCs via SPI.
tCLK
tH
tLOW
CSB
SDIO DON’T CARE
DON’T CARE
R/W
W1
W0
A12
A11
A10
A9
A8
A7
D5
Figure 58. Serial Port Interface Timing Diagram
Rev. B | Page 28 of 36
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
DON’T CARE
08121-023
SCLK DON’T CARE
Data Sheet
AD9231
HARDWARE INTERFACE
Table 14. Mode Selection
The pins described in Table 13 constitute the physical interface
between the programming device of the user and the serial port
of the AD9231. The SCLK pin and the CSB pin function as inputs
when using the SPI interface. The SDIO pin is bidirectional,
functioning as an input during write phases and as an output
during readback.
Pin
SDIO/DCS
SCLK/DFS
External
Voltage
DRVDD
AGND(default)
DRVDD
AGND (default)
DRVDD
AGND (default)
DRVDD
AGND (default)
Configuration
Duty cycle stabilizer enabled
Duty cycle stabilizer disabled
Twos complement enabled
Offset binary enabled
Outputs in high impedance
Outputs enabled
Chip in power-down or standby
Normal operation
The SPI interface is flexible enough to be controlled by
either FPGAs or microcontrollers. One method for SPI
configuration is described in detail in the AN-812 Application Note, Microcontroller-Based Serial Port Interface
(SPI) Boot Circuit.
OEB
The SPI port should not be active during periods when the full
dynamic performance of the converter is required. Because the
SCLK signal, the CSB signal, and the SDIO signal are typically
asynchronous to the ADC clock, noise from these signals can
degrade converter performance. If the on-board SPI bus is used
for other devices, it may be necessary to provide buffers between
this bus and the AD9231 to prevent these signals from transitioning at the converter inputs during critical sampling periods.
Table 15 provides a brief description of the general features that
are accessible via the SPI. These features are described in detail
in the AN-877 Application Note, Interfacing to High Speed ADCs
via SPI. The AD9231 part-specific features are described in
detail in Table 16.
PDWN
SDIO/DCS and SCLK/DFS serve a dual function when the
SPI interface is not being used. When the pins are strapped to
DRVDD or ground during device power-on, they are associated
with a specific function. The Digital Outputs section describes
the strappable functions supported on the AD9231.
CONFIGURATION WITHOUT THE SPI
In applications that do not interface to the SPI control registers,
the SDIO/DCS pin, the SCLK/DFS pin, the OEB pin, and the
PDWN pin serve as standalone CMOS-compatible control
pins. When the device is powered up, it is assumed that the
user intends to use the pins as static control lines for the duty
cycle stabilizer, output data format, output enable, and powerdown feature control. In this mode, connect the CSB chip select
to DRVDD, which disables the serial port interface.
SPI ACCESSIBLE FEATURES
Table 15. Features Accessible Using the SPI
Feature
Mode
Clock
Offset
Test I/O
Output Mode
Output Phase
Output Delay
Rev. B | Page 29 of 36
Description
Allows the user to set either power-down mode
or standby mode
Allows the user to access the DCS via the SPI
Allows the user to digitally adjust the
converter offset
Allows the user to set test modes to have known
data on output bits
Allows the user to set up outputs
Allows the user to set the output clock polarity
Allows the user to vary the DCO delay
AD9231
Data Sheet
MEMORY MAP
READING THE MEMORY MAP REGISTER TABLE
DEFAULT VALUES
Each row in the memory map register table (see Table 16) has
eight bit locations. The memory map is roughly divided into
four sections: the chip configuration registers (Address 0x00
to Address 0x02); the device index and transfer registers
(Address 0x05 and Address 0xFF); the program registers,
including setup, control, and test (Address 0x08 to Address
0x2E); and the digital feature control registers (Address 0x100
and Address 0x101).
After the AD9231 is reset, critical registers are loaded with
default values. The default values for the registers are given
in the memory map register table (see Table 16).
Table 16 documents the default hexadecimal value for each
hexadecimal address shown. The column with the heading Bit 7
(MSB) is the start of the default hexadecimal value given. For
example, Address 0x05, the channel index register, has a hexadecimal default value of 0x03. This means that in Address 0x05
Bit[7:2] = 0, and the remaining Bits[1:0] = 1. This setting is the
default channel index setting. The default value results in both
ADC channels receiving the next write command. For more
information on this function and others, see the AN-877
Application Note, Interfacing to High Speed ADCs via SPI. This
application note details the functions controlled by Register 0x00
to Register 0xFF. The remaining registers, Register 0x100 and
Register 0x101, are documented in the Memory Map Register
Descriptions section following Table 16.
•
OPEN LOCATIONS
All address and bit locations that are not included in the SPI
map are not currently supported for this device. Unused bits of
a valid address location should be written with 0s. Writing to these
locations is required only when part of an address location is
open (for example, Address 0x05). If the entire address location
is open, it is omitted from the SPI map (for example, Address 0x13)
and should not be written.
Logic Levels
An explanation of logic level terminology follows:
•
“Bit is set” is synonymous with “bit is set to Logic 1” or
“writing Logic 1 for the bit.”
“Clear a bit” is synonymous with “bit is set to Logic 0” or
“writing Logic 0 for the bit.”
Transfer Register Map
Address 0x08 to Address 0x18 are shadowed. Writes to these
addresses do not affect part operation until a transfer command
is issued by writing 0x01 to Address 0xFF, setting the transfer bit.
This allows these registers to be updated internally and simultaneously when the transfer bit is set. The internal update takes
place when the transfer bit is set, and then the bit autoclears.
Channel-Specific Registers
Some channel setup functions can be programmed differently
for each channel. In these cases, channel address locations are
internally duplicated for each channel. These registers and bits
are designated in the memory map register table as local. These
local registers and bits can be accessed by setting the appropriate
Channel A (Bit 0) or Channel B (Bit 1) bits in Register 0x05.
If both bits are set, the subsequent write affects the registers of
both channels. In a read cycle, set only Channel A or Channel B
to read one of the two registers. If both bits are set during an
SPI read cycle, the part returns the value for Channel A.
Registers and bits designated as global in the memory map
register table affect the entire part or the channel features for
which independent settings are not allowed between channels.
The settings in Register 0x05 do not affect the global registers
and bits.
Rev. B | Page 30 of 36
Data Sheet
AD9231
MEMORY MAP REGISTER TABLE
All address and bit locations that are not included in Table 16 are not currently supported for this device.
Table 16.
Addr
Register
(Hex)
Name
Chip Configuration Registers
SPI port
0x00
configuration
(global)
Bit 7
(MSB)
0x01
Chip ID (global)
8-bit chip ID bits [7:0]
AD9231 = 0x24
0x02
Chip grade
(global)
Open
0
Bit 0
(LSB)
Default
Value
(Hex)
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
LSB
first
Soft reset
1
1
Soft
reset
LSB
first
0
0x18
The nibbles are
mirrored so that
LSB- or MSB-first
mode registers
correctly, regardless
of shift mode
Unique chip ID used
to differentiate
devices; read only
Unique speed
grade ID used to
differentiate
devices; read only
Bits are set to
determine which
device on chip
receives the next
write command;
the default is all
devices on chip
Synchronously
transfers data from
the master shift
register to the slave
Speed grade ID [6:4]
20 MSPS = 000
40 MSPS = 001
65 MSPS = 010
80 MSPS = 011
Open
Device Index and Transfer Registers
0x05
Channel index
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
ADC B
default
ADC A
default
0x03
0xFF
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Transfer
0x00
Open
00 = chip run
01 = full powerdown
10 = standby
11 = chip wide
digital reset (local)
Duty
Open
cycle
stabilize
Clock divider [2:0]
Clock divide ratio
000 = divide by 1
001 = divide by 2
010 = divide by 3
011 = divide by 4
100 = divide by 5
101 = divide by 6
110 = divide by 7
111 = divide by 8
Output test mode [3:0] (local)
0000 = off (default)
0001 = midscale short
0010 = positive FS
0011 = negative FS
0100 = alternating checkerboard
0101 = PN 23 sequence
0110 = PN 9 sequence
0111 = one/zero word toggle
1000 = user input
1001 = 1-/0-bit toggle
1010 = 1x sync
1011 = one bit high
1100 = mixed bit frequency
0x80
Transfer
Open
Comments
Bit 6
Program Registers (May or May Not Be Indexed by Device Index)
External pin function
External
0x08
Modes
0x00 full power-down
power0x01 standby
down
(local)
enable
(local)
0x09
Clock (global)
Open
Open
0x0B
Clock divide
(global)
Open
0x0D
Test mode (local)
User test mode
(local)
00 = single
01 = alternate
10 = single once
11 = alternate
once
Open
Reset PN
long gen
Open
Reset
PN
short
gen
Open
Rev. B | Page 31 of 36
Determines various
generic modes of
chip operation
0x00
0x00
The divide ratio is
the value plus 1
0x00
When set, the test
data is placed on
the output pins in
place of normal
data
AD9231
Data Sheet
Register
Name
BIST enable
Bit 7
(MSB)
Open
0x10
0x14
Offset adjust
(local)
Output mode
8-bit device offset adjustment [7:0] (local)
Offset adjust in LSBs from +127 to −128 (twos complement format)
Output
Output
00 = 3.3 V CMOS
Output mux
Open
invert
disable
10 = 1.8 V CMOS
enable
(local)
(interleaved) (local)
0x15
OUTPUT_ADJUST
1.8 V DCO
drive strength
00 = 1 stripe
01 = 2 stripes
10 = 3 stripes (default)
11 = 4 stripes
0x16
OUTPUT_PHASE
3.3 V DCO
drive strength
00 = 1 stripe
(default)
01 = 2 stripes
10 = 3 stripes
11 = 4 stripes
DCO
Open
output
polarity
0=
normal
1=
inverted
(local)
Open
Open
0x17
OUTPUT_DELAY
Enable
DCO
delay
Open
Enable
data
delay
Open
0x19
USER_PATT1_LSB
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
0x1A
USER_PATT1_MSB
B15
B14
B13
B12
B11
B10
0x1B
USER_PATT2_LSB
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
0x1C
USER_PATT2_MSB
B15
B14
B13
B12
B11
0x24
BIST signature LSB
0x2A
Features
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
OR OE
(local)
0x01
0x2E
Output assign
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
0=
ADC A
1=
ADC B
(local)
Ch A =
0x00
Ch B =
0x01
Bit 6
Open
Bit 5
Open
Bit 4
Open
Bit 3
Open
Bit 2
BIST
INIT
Bit 1
Open
Bit 0
(LSB)
BIST
enable
Default
Value
(Hex)
0x00
Addr
(Hex)
0x0E
0x00
0x00
Configures the
outputs and the
format of the data
0x22
Determines
CMOS output drive
strength properties
0x00
On devices that
utilize global clock
divide, this register
determines which
phase of the divider
output is used to
supply the output
clock; internal
latching is
unaffected
0x00
This sets the fine
output delay of the
output clock but
does not change
internal timing
B0
0x00
B9
B8
0x00
B2
B1
B0
0x00
B10
B9
B8
0x00
User-defined
pattern, 1 LSB
User-defined
pattern, 1 MSB
User-defined
pattern, 2 LSB
User-defined
pattern, 2 MSB
Least significant
byte of BIST
signature, read only
Disable the OR pin
for the indexed
channel
Assign an ADC to an
output channel
00 = offset binary
01 = twos
complement
10 = gray code
11 = offset binary
(local)
1.8 V data
3.3 V data
drive strength
drive strength
00 = 1 stripe
00 = 1 stripe
01 = 2 stripes
(default)
10 = 3 stripes
01 = 2 stripes
(default)
10 = 3 stripes
11 = 4 stripes
11 = 4 stripes
Input clock phase adjust [2:0]
Open
(Value is number of input clock
cycles of phase delay)
000 = no delay
001 = 1 input clock cycle
010 = 2 input clock cycles
011 = 3 input clock cycles
100 = 4 input clock cycles
101 = 5 input clock cycles
110 = 6 input clock cycles
111 = 7 input clock cycles
Open
DCO/Data delay[2:0]
000 = 0.56 ns
001 = 1.12 ns
010 = 1.68 ns
011 = 2.24 ns
100 = 2.80 ns
101 = 3.36 ns
110 = 3.92 ns
111 = 4.48 ns
BIST signature [7:0]
Rev. B | Page 32 of 36
Comments
When Bit 0 is set,
the BIST function is
initiated
Device offset trim
0x00
Data Sheet
AD9231
Bit 7
(MSB)
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Clock
divider
sync
enable
Master
sync
enable
0x01
0x101
Enable
OEB
Pin 47
(local)
Open
Open
Open
Enable
GCLK
detect
Clock
divider
next
sync
only
Run
GCLK
Open
Disable
SDIO
pulldown
0x88
USR2
Bit 0
(LSB)
Default
Value
(Hex)
Addr
Register
(Hex)
Name
Digital Feature Control
0x100 Sync control
(global)
Comments
Enables internal
oscillator for clock
rates < 5 MHz
MEMORY MAP REGISTER DESCRIPTIONS
USR2 (Register 0x101)
For additional information about functions controlled in
Register 0x00 to Register 0xFF, see the AN-877 Application
Note, Interfacing to High Speed ADCs via SPI.
Bit 7—Enable OEB Pin 47
Normally set high, this bit allows Pin 47 to function as the
output enable. If it is set low, it disables Pin 47.
Sync Control (Register 0x100)
Bits[7:3]—Reserved
Bit 3—Enable GCLK Detect
Bit 2—Clock Divider Next Sync Only
If the master sync enable bit (Address 0x100, Bit 0) and the
clock divider sync enable bit (Address 0x100, Bit 1) are high,
Bit 2 allows the clock divider to sync to the first sync pulse it
receives and to ignore the rest. The clock divider sync enable
bit (Address 0x100, Bit 1) resets after it syncs.
Bit 1—Clock Divider Sync Enable
Bit 1 gates the sync pulse to the clock divider. The sync signal
is enabled when Bit 1 and Bit 0 are high and the device is
operating in continuous sync mode as long as Bit 2 of the
sync control is low.
Normally set high, this bit enables a circuit that detects encode
rates below about 5 MSPS. When a low encode rate is detected
an internal oscillator, GCLK, is enabled ensuring the proper
operation of several circuits. If set low the detector is disabled.
Bit 2—Run GCLK
This bit enables the GCLK oscillator. For some applications
with encode rates below 10 MSPS, it may be preferable to set
this bit high to supersede the GCLK detector.
Bit 0—Disable SDIO Pull-Down
This bit can be set high to disable the internal 30 kΩ pull-down
on the SDIO pin, which can be used to limit the loading when
many devices are connected to the SPI bus.
Bit 0—Master Sync Enable
Bit 0 must be high to enable any of the sync functions.
Rev. B | Page 33 of 36
AD9231
Data Sheet
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
DESIGN GUIDELINES
Before starting design and layout of the AD9231 as a system,
it is recommended that the designer become familiar with these
guidelines, which discuss the special circuit connections and
layout requirements needed for certain pins.
Power and Ground Recommendations
When connecting power to the AD9231, it is strongly
recommended that two separate supplies be used. Use one 1.8 V
supply for analog (AVDD); use a separate 1.8 V to 3.3 V supply for
the digital output supply (DRVDD). If a common 1.8 V AVDD
and DRVDD supply must be used, the AVDD and DRVDD
domains must be isolated with a ferrite bead or filter choke and
separate decoupling capacitors. Several different decoupling
capacitors can be used to cover both high and low frequencies.
Locate these capacitors close to the point of entry at the PCB
level and close to the pins of the part, with minimal trace length.
A single PCB ground plane should be sufficient when using the
AD9231. With proper decoupling and smart partitioning of the
PCB analog, digital, and clock sections, optimum performance
is easily achieved.
Exposed Paddle Thermal Heat Sink Recommendations
The exposed paddle (Pin 0) is the only ground connection for
the AD9231; therefore, it must be connected to analog ground
(AGND) on the customer’s PCB. To achieve the best electrical
and thermal performance, mate an exposed (no solder mask)
continuous copper plane on the PCB to the AD9231 exposed
paddle, Pin 0.
The copper plane should have several vias to achieve the
lowest possible resistive thermal path for heat dissipation to
flow through the bottom of the PCB. Fill or plug these vias
with nonconductive epoxy.
To maximize the coverage and adhesion between the ADC and
the PCB, a silkscreen should be overlaid to partition the continuous
plane on the PCB into several uniform sections. This provides
several tie points between the ADC and the PCB during the reflow
process. Using one continuous plane with no partitions guarantees
only one tie point between the ADC and the PCB. For detailed
information about packaging and PCB layout of chip scale
packages, see the AN-772 Application Note, A Design and
Manufacturing Guide for the Lead Frame Chip Scale Package
(LFCSP), at www.analog.com.
VCM
The VCM pin should be decoupled to ground with a 0.1 μF
capacitor, as shown in Figure 42.
RBIAS
The AD9231 requires that a 10 kΩ resistor be placed between
the RBIAS pin and ground. This resistor sets the master current
reference of the ADC core and should have at least a 1% tolerance.
Reference Decoupling
Externally decoupled the VREF pin to ground with a low ESR,
1.0 μF capacitor in parallel with a low ESR, 0.1 μF ceramic
capacitor.
SPI Port
The SPI port should not be active during periods when the full
dynamic performance of the converter is required. Because the
SCLK, CSB, and SDIO signals are typically asynchronous to the
ADC clock, noise from these signals can degrade converter
performance. If the on-board SPI bus is used for other devices,
it may be necessary to provide buffers between this bus and the
AD9231 to keep these signals from transitioning at the converter
inputs during critical sampling periods.
Rev. B | Page 34 of 36
Data Sheet
AD9231
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
9.10
9.00 SQ
8.90
0.60
0.42
0.24
0.60
0.42
0.24
0.30
0.23
0.18
64 1
49
48
PIN 1
INDICATOR
PIN 1
INDICATOR
8.85
8.75 SQ
8.65
0.50
BSC
0.50
0.40
0.30
16
17
0.80 MAX
0.65 NOM
0.05 MAX
0.02 NOM
PKG-1184
SEATING
PLANE
0.25 MIN
7.50 REF
0.20 REF
FOR PROPER CONNECTION OF
THE EXPOSED PAD, REFER TO
THE PIN CONFIGURATION AND
FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
SECTION OF THIS DATA SHEET.
COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-220-VMMD-4
01-22-2015-D
12° MAX
33
32
BOTTOM VIEW
TOP VIEW
1.00
0.85
0.80
6.35
6.20 SQ
6.05
EXPOSED
PAD
Figure 59. 64-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP_VQ]
9 mm × 9 mm Body, Very Thin Quad (CP-64-4)
Dimensions shown in millimeters
ORDERING GUIDE
Model 1
AD9231BCPZ-80
AD9231BCPZRL7-80
AD9231BCPZ-65
AD9231BCPZRL7-65
AD9231BCPZ-40
AD9231BCPZRL7-40
AD9231BCPZ-20
AD9231BCPZRL7-20
AD9231-80EBZ
AD9231-65EBZ
AD9231-40EBZ
AD9231-20EBZ
1
2
Notes
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Temperature Range
−40°C to +85°C
−40°C to +85°C
−40°C to +85°C
−40°C to +85°C
−40°C to +85°C
−40°C to +85°C
−40°C to +85°C
−40°C to +85°C
Package Description
64-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package (LFCSP_VQ)
64-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package (LFCSP_VQ)
64-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package (LFCSP_VQ)
64-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package (LFCSP_VQ)
64-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package (LFCSP_VQ)
64-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package (LFCSP_VQ)
64-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package (LFCSP_VQ)
64-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package (LFCSP_VQ)
Evaluation Board
Evaluation Board
Evaluation Board
Evaluation Board
Z = RoHS Compliant Part.
The exposed paddle (Pin 0) is the only GND connection on the chip and must be connected to the PCB AGND.
Rev. B | Page 35 of 36
Package Option
CP-64-4
CP-64-4
CP-64-4
CP-64-4
CP-64-4
CP-64-4
CP-64-4
CP-64-4
AD9231
Data Sheet
NOTES
©2009–2016 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and
registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
D08121-0-9/16(B)
Rev. B | Page 36 of 36