LM2672 SIMPLE SWITCHER ® Power Converter High Efficiency 1A Step-Down Voltage Regulator with Features General Description The LM2672 series of regulators are monolithic integrated circuits built with a LMDMOS process. These regulators provide all the active functions for a step-down (buck) switching regulator, capable of driving a 1A load current with excellent line and load regulation. These devices are available in fixed output voltages of 3.3V, 5.0V, 12V, and an adjustable output version. Requiring a minimum number of external components, these regulators are simple to use and include patented internal frequency compensation (Patent Nos. 5,382,918 and 5,514,947), fixed frequency oscillator, external shutdown, soft-start, and frequency synchronization. The LM2672 series operates at a switching frequency of 260 kHz, thus allowing smaller sized filter components than what would be needed with lower frequency switching regulators. Because of its very high efficiency ( > 90%), the copper traces on the printed circuit board are the only heat sinking needed. A family of standard inductors for use with the LM2672 are available from several different manufacturers. This feature greatly simplifies the design of switch-mode power supplies using these advanced ICs. Also included in the datasheet are selector guides for diodes and capacitors designed to work in switch-mode power supplies. Other features include a guaranteed ± 1.5% tolerance on output voltage within specified input voltages and output load conditions, and ± 10% on the oscillator frequency. External shutdown is included, featuring typically 50 µA stand-by current. The output switch includes current limiting, as well as thermal shutdown for full protection under fault conditions. Typical Application To simplify the LM2672 buck regulator design procedure, there exists computer design software, LM267X Made Simple version 6.0. Features n Efficiency up to 96% n Available in SO-8, 8-pin DIP and LLP packages n Computer Design Software LM267X Made Simple version 6.0 n Simple and easy to design with n Requires only 5 external components n Uses readily available standard inductors n 3.3V, 5.0V, 12V, and adjustable output versions n Adjustable version output voltage range: 1.21V to 37V n ± 1.5% max output voltage tolerance over line and load conditions n Guaranteed 1A output load current n 0.25Ω DMOS Output Switch n Wide input voltage range: 8V to 40V n 260 kHz fixed frequency internal oscillator n TTL shutdown capability, low power standby mode n Soft-start and frequency synchronization n Thermal shutdown and current limit protection Typical Applications n Simple High Efficiency ( > 90%) Step-Down (Buck) Regulator n Efficient Pre-Regulator for Linear Regulators (Fixed Output Voltage Versions) 01293401 SIMPLE SWITCHER ® is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation. Windows ® is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. © 2001 National Semiconductor Corporation DS012934 www.national.com LM2672 SIMPLE SWITCHER Power Converter High Efficiency 1A Step-Down Voltage Regulator with Features May 2001 LM2672 Connection Diagrams 16-Lead LLP Surface Mount Package Top View 8-Lead Package Top View 01293402 SO-8/DIP Package See NSC Package Drawing Number MO8A/N08E 01293441 LLP Package See NSC Package Drawing Number LDA16A TABLE 1. Package Marking and Ordering Information Output Voltage Order Information Package Marking Supplied as: 12 LM2672LD-12 S0001B 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 16 Lead LLP 12 LM2672LDX-12 S0001B 4500 Units on Tape and Reel 3.3 LM2672LD-3.3 S0002B 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 3.3 LM2672LDX-3.3 S0002B 4500 Units on Tape and Reel 5.0 LM2672LD-5.0 S0003B 1000 Units on Tape and Reel 5.0 LM2672LDX-5.0 S0003B 4500 Units on Tape and Reel ADJ LM2672LD-ADJ S0004B 1000 Units on Tape and Reel ADJ LM2672LDX-ADJ S0004B 4500 Units on Tape and Reel 12 LM2672M-12 2672M-12 Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 12 LM2672MX-12 2672M-12 2500 Units on Tape and Reel SO-8 3.3 LM2672M-3.3 2672M-3.3 Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 3.3 LM2672MX-3.3 2672M-3.3 2500 Units on Tape and Reel 5.0 LM2672M-5.0 2672M-5.0 Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 2500 Units on Tape and Reel 5.0 LM2672MX-5.0 2672M-5.0 ADJ LM2672M-ADJ 2672M-ADJ Shipped in Anti-Static Rails ADJ LM2672MX-ADJ 2672M-ADJ 2500 Units on Tape and Reel DIP 12 LM2672N-12 LM2672N-12 Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 3.3 LM2672N-3.3 LM2672N-3.3 Shipped in Anti-Static Rails 5.0 LM2672N-5.0 LM2672N-5.0 Shipped in Anti-Static Rails ADJ LM2672N-ADJ LM2672N-ADJ Shipped in Anti-Static Rails www.national.com 2 Lead Temperature (Note 1) M Package If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. Supply Voltage 45V Switch Voltage to Ground +215˚C Infrared (15s) +220˚C +260˚C LLP Package (see AN-1187) −1V Boost Pin Voltage Vapor Phase (60s) N Package (Soldering, 10s) −0.1V ≤ VSH ≤ 6V ON/OFF Pin Voltage LM2672 Absolute Maximum Ratings Maximum Junction Temperature +150˚C VSW + 8V −0.3V ≤ VFB ≤ 14V Feedback Pin Voltage Operating Ratings ESD Susceptibility Human Body Model (Note 2) Supply Voltage 2 kV Power Dissipation Internally Limited Storage Temperature Range −65˚C to +150˚C 6.5V to 40V −40˚C ≤ TJ ≤ +125˚C Temperature Range Electrical Characteristics LM2672-3.3 Specifications with standard type face are for TJ = 25˚C, and those in bold type face apply over full Operating Temperature Range. Symbol Parameter Conditions Typical Min Max (Note 4) (Note 5) (Note 5) Units SYSTEM PARAMETERS Test Circuit Figure 2 (Note 3) VOUT Output Voltage VIN = 8V to 40V, ILOAD = 20 mA to 1A 3.3 3.251/3.201 3.350/3.399 V VOUT Output Voltage VIN = 6.5V to 40V, ILOAD = 20 mA to 500 mA 3.3 3.251/3.201 3.350/3.399 V η Efficiency VIN = 12V, ILOAD = 1A 86 % LM2672-5.0 Symbol Parameter Conditions Typical Min Max (Note 4) (Note 5) (Note 5) Units SYSTEM PARAMETERS Test Circuit Figure 2 (Note 3) VOUT Output Voltage VIN = 8V to 40V, ILOAD = 20 mA to 1A 5.0 4.925/4.850 5.075/5.150 VOUT Output Voltage VIN = 6.5V to 40V, ILOAD = 20 mA to 500 mA 5.0 4.925/4.850 5.075/5.150 η Efficiency VIN = 12V, ILOAD = 1A 90 V V % LM2672-12 Symbol Parameter Conditions Typical Min Max (Note 4) (Note 5) (Note 5) 11.82/11.64 12.18/12.36 Units SYSTEM PARAMETERS Test Circuit Figure 2 (Note 3) VOUT Output Voltage VIN = 15V to 40V, ILOAD = 20 mA to 1A 12 η Efficiency VIN = 24V, ILOAD = 1A 94 V % LM2672-ADJ Symbol Parameter Conditions Typ Min Max (Note 4) (Note 5) (Note 5) 1.210 1.192/1.174 1.228/1.246 Units SYSTEM PARAMETERS Test Circuit Figure 3 (Note 3) VFB Feedback Voltage VIN = 8V to 40V, ILOAD = 20 mA to 1A V VOUT Programmed for 5V (see Circuit of Figure 3) 3 www.national.com LM2672 LM2672-ADJ Symbol VFB (Continued) Parameter Feedback Voltage Conditions VIN = 6.5V to 40V, ILOAD = 20 mA to 500 mA Typ Min Max (Note 4) (Note 5) (Note 5) 1.210 1.192/1.174 1.228/1.246 Units V VOUT Programmed for 5V (see Circuit of Figure 3) η Efficiency VIN = 12V, ILOAD = 1A 90 % All Output Voltage Versions Specifications with standard type face are for TJ = 25˚C, and those in bold type face apply over full Operating Temperature Range. Unless otherwise specified, VIN = 12V for the 3.3V, 5V, and Adjustable versions and VIN = 24V for the 12V version, and ILOAD = 100 mA. Symbol Parameters Conditions Typ Min Max Units 3.6 mA DEVICE PARAMETERS IQ Quiescent Current VFEEDBACK = 8V 2.5 For 3.3V, 5.0V, and ADJ Versions VFEEDBACK = 15V 2.5 mA For 12V Versions ISTBY Standby Quiescent Current ICL Current Limit IL Output Leakage Current ON/OFF Pin = 0V 50 1.55 VIN = 40V, ON/OFF Pin = 0V 1.25/1.2 1 100/150 µA 2.1/2.2 A 25 µA VSWITCH = 0V VSWITCH = −1V, ON/OFF Pin = 0V 6 15 mA RDS(ON) Switch On-Resistance ISWITCH = 1A 0.25 0.30/0.50 Ω fO Oscillator Frequency Measured at Switch Pin 260 275 kHz D Maximum Duty Cycle 95 % Minimum Duty Cycle 0 % 85 nA IBIAS Feedback Bias VFEEDBACK = 1.3V Current ADJ Version Only VS/D ON/OFF Pin IS/D ON/OFF Pin Current FSYNC Synchronization Frequency VSYNC 225 1.4 0.8 2.0 V ON/OFF Pin = 0V 20 7 37 VSYNC = 3.5V, 50% duty cycle 400 kHz Synchronization Threshold Voltage 1.4 V VSS Soft-Start Voltage 0.63 0.53 0.73 V ISS Soft-Start Current 4.5 1.5 6.9 µA θJA Thermal Resistance Voltage Thesholds N Package, Junction to Ambient (Note 6) 95 M Package, Junction to Ambient (Note 6) 105 µA ˚C/W Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is intended to be functional, but device parameter specifications may not be guaranteed under these conditions. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. Note 2: The human body model is a 100 pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5 kΩ resistor into each pin. Note 3: External components such as the catch diode, inductor, input and output capacitors, and voltage programming resistors can affect switching regulator performance. When the LM2672 is used as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 test circuits, system performance will be as specified by the system parameters section of the Electrical Characteristics. Note 4: Typical numbers are at 25˚C and represent the most likely norm. Note 5: All limits guaranteed at room temperature (standard type face) and at temperature extremes (bold type face). All room temperature limits are 100% production tested. All limits at temperature extremes are guaranteed via correlation using standard Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods. All limits are used to calculate Average Outgoing Quality Level (AOQL). Note 6: Junction to ambient thermal resistance with approximately 1 square inch of printed circuit board copper surrounding the leads. Additional copper area will lower thermal resistance further. See Application Information section in the application note accompanying this datasheet and the thermal model in LM267X Made Simple version 6.0 software. The value θJ−A for the LLP (LD) package is specifically dependent on PCB trace area, trace material, and the number of layers and thermal vias. For improved thermal resistance and power dissipation for the LLP package, refer to Application Note AN-1187. www.national.com 4 LM2672 Typical Performance Characteristics Normalized Output Voltage Line Regulation 01293403 Drain-to-Source Resistance Efficiency Switch Current Limit ON/OFF Threshold Voltage 01293409 Switching Frequency Operating Quiescent Current 01293407 01293406 Standby Quiescent Current 01293405 01293404 ON/OFF Pin Current (Sourcing) 01293410 Feedback Pin Bias Current 5 01293411 Peak Switch Current 01293413 01293412 01293408 01293414 www.national.com LM2672 Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued) Dropout Voltage — 3.3V Option Dropout Voltage — 5.0V Option 01293415 01293416 Block Diagram 01293417 * Patent Number 5,514,947 † Patent Number 5,382,918 FIGURE 1. www.national.com 6 LM2672 Typical Performance Characteristics (Circuit of Figure 2) Discontinuous Mode Switching Waveforms VIN = 20V, VOUT = 5V, ILOAD = 300 mA L = 15 µH, COUT = 68 µF (2x), COUTESR = 25 mΩ Continuous Mode Switching Waveforms VIN = 20V, VOUT = 5V, ILOAD = 1A L = 47 µH, COUT = 68 µF, COUTESR = 50 mΩ 01293418 01293419 Horizontal Time Base: 1 µs/div Horizontal Time Base: 1 µs/div A: VSW Pin Voltage, 10 V/div. B: Inductor Current, 0.5 A/div A: VSW Pin Voltage, 10 V/div. B: Inductor Current, 0.5 A/div C: Output Ripple Voltage, 20 mV/div AC-Coupled C: Output Ripple Voltage, 20 mV/div AC-Coupled Load Transient Response for Discontinuous Mode VIN = 20V, VOUT = 5V, L = 47 µH, COUT = 68 µF, COUTESR = 50 mΩ Load Transient Response for Continuous Mode VIN = 20V, VOUT = 5V, ILOAD = 1A L = 47 µH, COUT = 68 µF, COUTESR = 50 mΩ 01293420 01293421 Horizontal Time Base: 50 µs/div Horizontal Time Base: 200 µs/div A: Output Voltage, 100 mV/div, AC-Coupled A: Output Voltage, 100 mV/div, AC-Coupled B: Load Current: 200 mA to 1A Load Pulse B: Load Current: 100 mA to 300 mA Load Pulse 7 www.national.com LM2672 Test Circuit and Layout Guidelines 01293422 CIN - 22 µF, 50V Tantalum, Sprague “199D Series” COUT - 47 µF, 25V Tantalum, Sprague “595D Series” D1 - 3.3A, 50V Schottky Rectifier, IR 30WQ05F L1 - 68 µH Sumida #RCR110D-680L CB - 0.01 µF, 50V Ceramic FIGURE 2. Standard Test Circuits and Layout Guides Fixed Output Voltage Versions 01293423 CIN - 22 µF, 50V Tantalum, Sprague “199D Series” COUT - 47 µF, 25V Tantalum, Sprague “595D Series” D1 - 3.3A, 50V Schottky Rectifier, IR 30WQ05F L1 - 68 µH Sumida #RCR110D-680L R1 - 1.5 kΩ, 1% CB - 0.01 µF, 50V Ceramic For a 5V output, select R2 to be 4.75 kΩ, 1% where VREF = 1.21V Use a 1% resistor for best stability. FIGURE 3. Standard Test Circuits and Layout Guides Adjustable Output Voltage Versions www.national.com 8 PROCEDURE (Fixed Output Voltage Version) EXAMPLE (Fixed Output Voltage Version) To simplify the buck regulator design procedure, National Semiconductor is making available computer design software to be used with the SIMPLE SWITCHER line of switching regulators. LM267X Made Simple version 6.0 is available on Windows ® 3.1, NT, or 95 operating systems. Given: Given: VOUT = Regulated Output Voltage (3.3V, 5V, or 12V) VOUT = 5V VIN(max) = Maximum DC Input Voltage VIN(max) = 12V ILOAD(max) = Maximum Load Current ILOAD(max) = 1A 1. Inductor Selection (L1) A. Select the correct inductor value selection guide from Figure 4 and Figure 5 or Figure 6 (output voltages of 3.3V, 5V, or 12V respectively). For all other voltages, see the design procedure for the adjustable version. 1. Inductor Selection (L1) A. Use the inductor selection guide for the 5V version shown in Figure 5. B. From the inductor value selection guide, identify the inductance region intersected by the Maximum Input Voltage line and the Maximum Load Current line. Each region is identified by an inductance value and an inductor code (LXX). B. From the inductor value selection guide shown in Figure 5, the inductance region intersected by the 12V horizontal line and the 1A vertical line is 33 µH, and the inductor code is L23. C. Select an appropriate inductor from the four manufacturer’s part numbers listed in Figure 8. Each manufacturer makes a different style of inductor to allow flexibility in meeting various design requirements. Listed below are some of the differentiating characteristics of each manufacturer’s inductors: C. The inductance value required is 33 µH. From the table in Figure 8, go to the L23 line and choose an inductor part number from any of the four manufacturers shown. (In most instances, both through hole and surface mount inductors are available.) Schott: ferrite EP core inductors; these have very low leakage magnetic fields to reduce electro-magnetic interference (EMI) and are the lowest power loss inductors Renco: ferrite stick core inductors; benefits are typically lowest cost inductors and can withstand E • T and transient peak currents above rated value. Be aware that these inductors have an external magnetic field which may generate more EMI than other types of inductors. Pulse: powered iron toroid core inductors; these can also be low cost and can withstand larger than normal E • T and transient peak currents. Toroid inductors have low EMI. Coilcraft: ferrite drum core inductors; these are the smallest physical size inductors, available only as SMT components. Be aware that these inductors also generate EMI — but less than stick inductors. Complete specifications for these inductors are available from the respective manufacturers. A table listing the manufacturers’ phone numbers is located in Figure 9. 2. Output Capacitor Selection (COUT) A. Select an output capacitor from the output capacitor table in Figure 10. Using the output voltage and the inductance value found in the inductor selection guide, step 1, locate the appropriate capacitor value and voltage rating. 2. Output Capacitor Selection (COUT) A. Use the 5.0V section in the output capacitor table in Figure 10. Choose a capacitor value and voltage rating from the line that contains the inductance value of 33 µH. The capacitance and voltage rating values corresponding to the 33 µH 9 www.national.com LM2672 LM2672 Series Buck Regulator Design Procedure (Fixed Output) LM2672 LM2672 Series Buck Regulator Design Procedure (Fixed Output) PROCEDURE (Fixed Output Voltage Version) (Continued) EXAMPLE (Fixed Output Voltage Version) The capacitor list contains through-hole electrolytic capacitors from four different capacitor manufacturers and surface mount tantalum capacitors from two different capacitor manufacturers. It is recommended that both the manufacturers and the manufacturer’s series that are listed in the table be used. A table listing the manufacturers’ phone numbers is located in Figure 11. Surface Mount: 68 µF/10V Sprague 594D Series. 100 µF/10V AVX TPS Series. Through Hole: 68 µF/10V Sanyo OS-CON SA Series. 220 µF/35V Sanyo MV-GX Series. 220 µF/35V Nichicon PL Series. 220 µF/35V Panasonic HFQ Series. 3. Catch Diode Selection (D1) A. In normal operation, the average current of the catch diode is the load current times the catch diode duty cycle, 1-D (D is the switch duty cycle, which is approximately the output voltage divided by the input voltage). The largest value of the catch diode average current occurs at the maximum load current and maximum input voltage (minimum D). For normal operation, the catch diode current rating must be at least 1.3 times greater than its maximum average current. However, if the power supply design must withstand a continuous output short, the diode should have a current rating equal to the maximum current limit of the LM2672. The most stressful condition for this diode is a shorted output condition. 3. Catch Diode Selection (D1) A. Refer to the table shown in Figure 12. In this example, a 1A, 20V Schottky diode will provide the best performance. If the circuit must withstand a continuous shorted output, a higher current Schottky diode is recommended. B. The reverse voltage rating of the diode should be at least 1.25 times the maximum input voltage. C. Because of their fast switching speed and low forward voltage drop, Schottky diodes provide the best performance and efficiency. This Schottky diode must be located close to the LM2672 using short leads and short printed circuit traces. www.national.com 10 (Continued) PROCEDURE (Fixed Output Voltage Version) EXAMPLE (Fixed Output Voltage Version) 4. Input Capacitor (CIN) A low ESR aluminum or tantalum bypass capacitor is needed between the input pin and ground to prevent large voltage transients from appearing at the input. This capacitor should be located close to the IC using short leads. In addition, the RMS current rating of the input capacitor should be selected to be at least 1⁄2 the DC load current. The capacitor manufacturer data sheet must be checked to assure that this current rating is not exceeded. The curves shown in Figure 14 show typical RMS current ratings for several different aluminum electrolytic capacitor values. A parallel connection of two or more capacitors may be required to increase the total minimum RMS current rating to suit the application requirements. For an aluminum electrolytic capacitor, the voltage rating should be at least 1.25 times the maximum input voltage. Caution must be exercised if solid tantalum capacitors are used. The tantalum capacitor voltage rating should be twice the maximum input voltage. The tables in Figure 15 show the recommended application voltage for AVX TPS and Sprague 594D tantalum capacitors. It is also recommended that they be surge current tested by the manufacturer. The TPS series available from AVX, and the 593D and 594D series from Sprague are all surge current tested. Another approach to minimize the surge current stresses on the input capacitor is to add a small inductor in series with the input supply line. Use caution when using ceramic capacitors for input bypassing, because it may cause severe ringing at the VIN pin. 4. Input Capacitor (CIN) The important parameters for the input capacitor are the input voltage rating and the RMS current rating. With a maximum input voltage of 12V, an aluminum electrolytic capacitor with a voltage rating greater than 15V (1.25 x VIN) would be needed. The next higher capacitor voltage rating is 16V. The RMS current rating requirement for the input capacitor in a buck regulator is approximately 1⁄2 the DC load current. In this example, with a 1A load, a capacitor with a RMS current rating of at least 500 mA is needed. The curves shown in Figure 14 can be used to select an appropriate input capacitor. From the curves, locate the 16V line and note which capacitor values have RMS current ratings greater than 500 mA. For a through hole design, a 330 µF/16V electrolytic capacitor (Panasonic HFQ series, Nichicon PL, Sanyo MV-GX series or equivalent) would be adequate. Other types or other manufacturers’ capacitors can be used provided the RMS ripple current ratings are adequate. Additionally, for a complete surface mount design, electrolytic capacitors such as the Sanyo CV-C or CV-BS and the Nichicon WF or UR and the NIC Components NACZ series could be considered. For surface mount designs, solid tantalum capacitors can be used, but caution must be exercised with regard to the capacitor surge current rating and voltage rating. In this example, checking Figure 15, and the Sprague 594D series datasheet, a Sprague 594D 15 µF, 25V capacitor is adequate. 5. Boost Capacitor (CB) 5. Boost Capacitor (CB) This capacitor develops the necessary voltage to turn the switch For this application, and all applications, use a 0.01 µF, 50V gate on fully. All applications should use a 0.01 µF, 50V ceramic ceramic capacitor. capacitor. 6. Soft-Start Capacitor (CSS - optional) This capacitor controls the rate at which the device starts up. The formula for the soft-start capacitor CSS is: 6. Soft-Start Capacitor (CSS - optional) For this application, selecting a start-up time of 10 ms and using the formula for CSS results in a value of: where: ISS = Soft-Start Current :4.5 µA typical. tSS = Soft-Start Time :Selected. VSSTH = Soft-Start Threshold Voltage :0.63V typical. VOUT = Output Voltage :Selected. VSCHOTTKY = Schottky Diode Voltage Drop :0.4V typical. VIN = Input Voltage :Selected. If this feature is not desired, leave this pin open. 11 www.national.com LM2672 LM2672 Series Buck Regulator Design Procedure (Fixed Output) LM2672 LM2672 Series Buck Regulator Design Procedure (Fixed Output) PROCEDURE (Fixed Output Voltage Version) (Continued) EXAMPLE (Fixed Output Voltage Version) 7. Frequency Synchronization (optional) 7. Frequency Synchronization (optional) The LM2672 (oscillator) can be synchronized to run with an For all applications, use a 1 kΩ resistor and a 100 pF capacitor external oscillator, using the sync pin (pin 3). By doing so, the for the RC filter. LM2672 can be operated at higher frequencies than the standard frequency of 260 kHz. This allows for a reduction in the size of the inductor and output capacitor. As shown in the drawing below, a signal applied to a RC filter at the sync pin causes the device to synchronize to the frequency of that signal. For a signal with a peak-to-peak amplitude of 3V or greater, a 1 kΩ resistor and a 100 pF capacitor are suitable values. www.national.com 12 LM2672 INDUCTOR VALUE SELECTION GUIDES (For Continuous Mode Operation) 01293429 01293431 FIGURE 4. LM2672-3.3 FIGURE 6. LM2672-12 01293430 01293432 FIGURE 5. LM2672-5.0 FIGURE 7. LM2672-ADJ 13 www.national.com LM2672 Ind. Inductance Current Ref. (µH) (A) Desg. Schott Renco Pulse Engineering Coilcraft Through Surface Through Surface Through Surface Surface Hole Mount Hole Mount Hole Mount Mount L4 68 0.32 67143940 67144310 RL-1284-68-43 RL1500-68 PE-53804 PE-53804-S DO1608-683 L5 47 0.37 67148310 67148420 RL-1284-47-43 RL1500-47 PE-53805 PE-53805-S DO1608-473 L6 33 0.44 67148320 67148430 RL-1284-33-43 RL1500-33 PE-53806 PE-53806-S DO1608-333 L7 22 0.52 67148330 67148440 RL-1284-22-43 RL1500-22 PE-53807 PE-53807-S DO1608-223 L9 220 0.32 67143960 67144330 RL-5470-3 RL1500-220 PE-53809 PE-53809-S DO3308-224 L10 150 0.39 67143970 67144340 RL-5470-4 RL1500-150 PE-53810 PE-53810-S DO3308-154 L11 100 0.48 67143980 67144350 RL-5470-5 RL1500-100 PE-53811 PE-53811-S DO3308-104 L12 68 0.58 67143990 67144360 RL-5470-6 RL1500-68 L13 47 0.70 67144000 67144380 RL-5470-7 RL1500-47 PE-53813 PE-53813-S DO3308-473 L14 33 0.83 67148340 67148450 RL-1284-33-43 RL1500-33 PE-53814 PE-53814-S DO3308-333 L15 22 0.99 67148350 67148460 RL-1284-22-43 RL1500-22 PE-53815 PE-53815-S DO3308-223 L18 220 0.55 67144040 67144420 RL-5471-2 RL1500-220 PE-53818 PE-53818-S DO3316-224 L19 150 0.66 67144050 67144430 RL-5471-3 RL1500-150 PE-53819 PE-53819-S DO3316-154 L20 100 0.82 67144060 67144440 RL-5471-4 RL1500-100 PE-53820 PE-53820-S DO3316-104 L21 68 0.99 67144070 67144450 RL-5471-5 RL1500-68 PE-53821 PE-53821-S DO3316-683 L22 47 1.17 67144080 67144460 RL-5471-6 — PE-53822 PE-53822-S DO3316-473 L23 33 1.40 67144090 67144470 RL-5471-7 — PE-53823 PE-53823-S DO3316-333 L24 22 1.70 67148370 67148480 RL-1283-22-43 — PE-53824 PE-53824-S DO3316-223 L27 220 1.00 67144110 67144490 RL-5471-2 — PE-53827 PE-53827-S DO5022P-224 L28 150 1.20 67144120 67144500 RL-5471-3 — PE-53828 PE-53828-S DO5022P-154 L29 100 1.47 67144130 67144510 RL-5471-4 — PE-53829 PE-53829-S DO5022P-104 L30 68 1.78 67144140 67144520 RL-5471-5 — PE-53830 PE-53830-S DO5022P-683 PE-53812 PE-53812-S DO3308-683 FIGURE 8. Inductor Manufacturers’ Part Numbers Coilcraft Inc. Coilcraft Inc., Europe Pulse Engineering Inc. Phone (800) 322-2645 FAX (708) 639-1469 Phone +44 1236 730 595 FAX +44 1236 730 627 Phone (619) 674-8100 FAX (619) 674-8262 Pulse Engineering Inc., Phone +353 93 24 107 Europe FAX +353 93 24 459 Renco Electronics Inc. Phone (800) 645-5828 Schott Corp. FAX (516) 586-5562 Phone (612) 475-1173 FAX (612) 475-1786 FIGURE 9. Inductor Manufacturers’ Phone Numbers www.national.com 14 LM2672 Output Capacitor Output Voltage (V) 3.3 5.0 12 Inductance (µH) Surface Mount Through Hole Sprague AVX TPS Sanyo OS-CON Sanyo MV-GX Nichicon Panasonic 594D Series Series SA Series Series PL Series HFQ Series (µF/V) (µF/V) (µF/V) (µF/V) (µF/V) (µF/V) 22 120/6.3 100/10 100/10 330/35 330/35 330/35 33 120/6.3 100/10 68/10 220/35 220/35 220/35 47 68/10 100/10 68/10 150/35 150/35 150/35 68 120/6.3 100/10 100/10 120/35 120/35 120/35 100 120/6.3 100/10 100/10 120/35 120/35 120/35 150 120/6.3 100/10 100/10 120/35 120/35 120/35 22 100/16 100/10 100/10 330/35 330/35 330/35 33 68/10 10010 68/10 220/35 220/35 220/35 47 68/10 100/10 68/10 150/35 150/35 150/35 68 100/16 100/10 100/10 120/35 120/35 120/35 100 100/16 100/10 100/10 120/35 120/35 120/35 150 100/16 100/10 100/10 120/35 120/35 120/35 22 120/20 (2x) 68/20 68/20 330/35 330/35 330/35 33 68/25 68/20 68/20 220/35 220/35 220/35 47 47/20 68/20 47/20 150/35 150/35 150/35 68 47/20 68/20 47/20 120/35 120/35 120/35 100 47/20 68/20 47/20 120/35 120/35 120/35 150 47/20 68/20 47/20 120/35 120/35 120/35 220 47/20 68/20 47/20 120/35 120/35 120/35 FIGURE 10. Output Capacitor Table Nichicon Corp. Panasonic AVX Corp. Sprague/Vishay Sanyo Corp. Phone (847) 843-7500 FAX (847) 843-2798 Phone (714) 373-7857 FAX (714) 373-7102 Phone (803) 448-9411 FAX (803) 448-1943 Phone (207) 324-4140 FAX (207) 324-7223 Phone (619) 661-6322 FAX (619) 661-1055 FIGURE 11. Capacitor Manufacturers’ Phone Numbers 15 www.national.com LM2672 1A Diodes VR 20V 30V 40V 3A Diodes Surface Through Surface Through Mount Hole Mount Hole SK12 1N5817 SK32 1N5820 B120 SR102 SK13 1N5818 SK33 1N5821 30WQ03F 31DQ03 SK34 1N5822 SR302 B130 11DQ03 MBRS130 SR103 SK14 1N5819 B140 11DQ04 30BQ040 MBR340 MBRS140 SR104 30WQ04F 31DQ04 10BQ040 MBRS340 SR304 10MQ040 MBRD340 15MQ040 50V SK15 MBR150 SK35 MBR350 B150 11DQ05 30WQ05F 31DQ05 10BQ050 SR105 SR305 FIGURE 12. Schottky Diode Selection Table International Rectifier Corp. Motorola, Inc. General Instruments Corp. Diodes, Inc. Phone (310) 322-3331 FAX (310) 322-3332 Phone (800) 521-6274 FAX (602) 244-6609 Phone (516) 847-3000 FAX (516) 847-3236 Phone (805) 446-4800 FAX (805) 446-4850 FIGURE 13. Diode Manufacturers’ Phone Numbers 01293433 FIGURE 14. RMS Current Ratings for Low ESR Electrolytic Capacitors (Typical) www.national.com 16 LM2672 AVX TPS Recommended Application Voltage Voltage Rating +85˚C Rating 3.3 6.3 5 10 10 20 12 25 15 35 Sprague 594D Recommended Application Voltage Voltage Rating +85˚C Rating 2.5 4 3.3 6.3 5 10 8 16 12 20 18 25 24 35 29 50 FIGURE 15. Recommended Application Voltage for AVX TPS and Sprague 594D Tantalum Chip Capacitors Derated for 85˚C. LM2672 Series Buck Regulator Design Procedure (Adjustable Output) PROCEDURE (Adjustable Output Voltage Version) EXAMPLE (Adjustable Output Voltage Version) To simplify the buck regulator design procedure, National Semiconductor is making available computer design software to be used with the SIMPLE SWITCHER line of switching regulators. LM267X Made Simple version 6.0 is available on Windows 3.1, NT, or 95 operating systems. Given: Given: VOUT = Regulated Output Voltage VOUT = 20V VIN(max) = Maximum Input Voltage VIN(max) = 28V ILOAD(max) = Maximum Load Current ILOAD(max) = 1A F = Switching Frequency (Fixed at a nominal 260 kHz). F = Switching Frequency (Fixed at a nominal 260 kHz). 1. Programming Output Voltage (Selecting R1 and R2, as shown in Figure 3) Use the following formula to select the appropriate resistor values. 1. Programming Output Voltage (Selecting R1 and R2, as shown in Figure 3) Select R1 to be 1 kΩ, 1%. Solve for R2. where VREF = 1.21V Select a value for R1 between 240Ω and 1.5 kΩ. The lower R2 = 1 kΩ (16.53 − 1) = 15.53 kΩ, closest 1% value is 15.4 kΩ. resistor values minimize noise pickup in the sensitive feedback R2 = 15.4 kΩ. pin. (For the lowest temperature coefficient and the best stability with time, use 1% metal film resistors.) 17 www.national.com LM2672 LM2672 Series Buck Regulator Design Procedure (Adjustable Output) (Continued) PROCEDURE (Adjustable Output Voltage Version) 2. Inductor Selection (L1) A. Calculate the inductor Volt • microsecond constant E • T (V • µs), from the following formula: EXAMPLE (Adjustable Output Voltage Version) 2. Inductor Selection (L1) A. Calculate the inductor Volt • microsecond constant (E • T), where VSAT =internal switch saturation voltage=0.25V and VD = diode forward voltage drop = 0.5V B. Use the E • T value from the previous formula and match it with the E • T number on the vertical axis of the Inductor Value Selection Guide shown in Figure 7. B. E • T = 21.6 (V • µs) C. On the horizontal axis, select the maximum load current. C. ILOAD(max) = 1A D. Identify the inductance region intersected by the E • T value and the Maximum Load Current value. Each region is identified by an inductance value and an inductor code (LXX). D. From the inductor value selection guide shown in Figure 7, the inductance region intersected by the 21.6 (V • µs) horizontal line and the 1A vertical line is 68 µH, and the inductor code is L30. E. Select an appropriate inductor from the four manufacturer’s part numbers listed in Figure 8. For information on the different types of inductors, see the inductor selection in the fixed output voltage design procedure. E. From the table in Figure 8, locate line L30, and select an inductor part number from the list of manufacturers’ part numbers. 3. Output Capacitor SeIection (COUT) A. Select an output capacitor from the capacitor code selection guide in Figure 16. Using the inductance value found in the inductor selection guide, step 1, locate the appropriate capacitor code corresponding to the desired output voltage. 3. Output Capacitor SeIection (COUT) A. Use the appropriate row of the capacitor code selection guide, in Figure 16. For this example, use the 15–20V row. The capacitor code corresponding to an inductance of 68 µH is C20. B. Select an appropriate capacitor value and voltage rating, using the capacitor code, from the output capacitor selection table in Figure 17. There are two solid tantalum (surface mount) capacitor manufacturers and four electrolytic (through hole) capacitor manufacturers to choose from. It is recommended that both the manufacturers and the manufacturer’s series that are listed in the table be used. A table listing the manufacturers’ phone numbers is located in Figure 11. B. From the output capacitor selection table in Figure 17, choose a capacitor value (and voltage rating) that intersects the capacitor code(s) selected in section A, C20. The capacitance and voltage rating values corresponding to the capacitor code C20 are the: Surface Mount: 33 µF/25V Sprague 594D Series. 33 µF/25V AVX TPS Series. Through Hole: 33 µF/25V Sanyo OS-CON SC Series. 120 µF/35V Sanyo MV-GX Series. 120 µF/35V Nichicon PL Series. 120 µF/35V Panasonic HFQ Series. Other manufacturers or other types of capacitors may also be used, provided the capacitor specifications (especially the 100 kHz ESR) closely match the characteristics of the capacitors listed in the output capacitor table. Refer to the capacitor manufacturers’ data sheet for this information. www.national.com 18 (Continued) PROCEDURE (Adjustable Output Voltage Version) EXAMPLE (Adjustable Output Voltage Version) 4. Catch Diode Selection (D1) A. In normal operation, the average current of the catch diode is the load current times the catch diode duty cycle, 1-D (D is the switch duty cycle, which is approximately VOUT/VIN). The largest value of the catch diode average current occurs at the maximum input voltage (minimum D). For normal operation, the catch diode current rating must be at least 1.3 times greater than its maximum average current. However, if the power supply design must withstand a continuous output short, the diode should have a current rating greater than the maximum current limit of the LM2672. The most stressful condition for this diode is a shorted output condition. 4. Catch Diode Selection (D1) A. Refer to the table shown in Figure 12. Schottky diodes provide the best performance, and in this example a 1A, 40V Schottky diode would be a good choice. If the circuit must withstand a continuous shorted output, a higher current (at least 2.2A) Schottky diode is recommended. B. The reverse voltage rating of the diode should be at least 1.25 times the maximum input voltage. C. Because of their fast switching speed and low forward voltage drop, Schottky diodes provide the best performance and efficiency. The Schottky diode must be located close to the LM2672 using short leads and short printed circuit traces. 5. Input Capacitor (CIN) A low ESR aluminum or tantalum bypass capacitor is needed between the input pin and ground to prevent large voltage transients from appearing at the input. This capacitor should be located close to the IC using short leads. In addition, the RMS current rating of the input capacitor should be selected to be at least 1⁄2 the DC load current. The capacitor manufacturer data sheet must be checked to assure that this current rating is not exceeded. The curves shown in Figure 14 show typical RMS current ratings for several different aluminum electrolytic capacitor values. A parallel connection of two or more capacitors may be required to increase the total minimum RMS current rating to suit the application requirements. For an aluminum electrolytic capacitor, the voltage rating should be at least 1.25 times the maximum input voltage. Caution must be exercised if solid tantalum capacitors are used. The tantalum capacitor voltage rating should be twice the maximum input voltage. The tables in Figure 15 show the recommended application voltage for AVX TPS and Sprague 594D tantalum capacitors. It is also recommended that they be surge current tested by the manufacturer. The TPS series available from AVX, and the 593D and 594D series from Sprague are all surge current tested. Another approach to minimize the surge current stresses on the input capacitor is to add a small inductor in series with the input supply line. Use caution when using ceramic capacitors for input bypassing, because it may cause severe ringing at the VIN pin. 5. Input Capacitor (CIN) The important parameters for the input capacitor are the input voltage rating and the RMS current rating. With a maximum input voltage of 28V, an aluminum electrolytic capacitor with a voltage rating of at least 35V (1.25 x VIN) would be needed. The RMS current rating requirement for the input capacitor in a buck regulator is approximately 1⁄2 the DC load current. In this example, with a 1A load, a capacitor with a RMS current rating of at least 500 mA is needed. The curves shown in Figure 14 can be used to select an appropriate input capacitor. From the curves, locate the 35V line and note which capacitor values have RMS current ratings greater than 500 mA. For a through hole design, a 330 µF/35V electrolytic capacitor (Panasonic HFQ series, Nichicon PL, Sanyo MV-GX series or equivalent) would be adequate. Other types or other manufacturers’ capacitors can be used provided the RMS ripple current ratings are adequate. Additionally, for a complete surface mount design, electrolytic capacitors such as the Sanyo CV-C or CV-BS and the Nichicon WF or UR and the NIC Components NACZ series could be considered. For surface mount designs, solid tantalum capacitors can be used, but caution must be exercised with regard to the capacitor surge current rating and voltage rating. In this example, checking Figure 15, and the Sprague 594D series datasheet, a Sprague 594D 15 µF, 50V capacitor is adequate. 6. Boost Capacitor (CB) 6. Boost Capacitor (CB) This capacitor develops the necessary voltage to turn the switch For this application, and all applications, use a 0.01 µF, 50V gate on fully. All applications should use a 0.01 µF, 50V ceramic ceramic capacitor. capacitor. If the soft-start and frequency synchronization features are desired, look at steps 6 and 7 in the fixed output design procedure. 19 www.national.com LM2672 LM2672 Series Buck Regulator Design Procedure (Adjustable Output) LM2672 LM2672 Series Buck Regulator Design Procedure (Adjustable Output) (Continued) Inductance (µH) Case Style (Note 7) Output Voltage (V) 22 33 47 68 100 150 220 SM and TH 1.21–2.50 — — — — C1 C2 C3 SM and TH 2.50–3.75 — — — C1 C2 C3 C3 SM and TH 3.75–5.0 — — C4 C5 C6 C6 C6 SM and TH 5.0–6.25 — C4 C7 C6 C6 C6 C6 SM and TH 6.25–7.5 C8 C4 C7 C6 C6 C6 C6 SM and TH 7.5–10.0 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C13 C13 SM and TH 10.0–12.5 C14 C11 C12 C12 C13 C13 C13 SM and TH 12.5–15.0 C15 C16 C17 C17 C17 C17 C17 SM and TH 15.0–20.0 C18 C19 C20 C20 C20 C20 C20 SM and TH 20.0–30.0 C21 C22 C22 C22 C22 C22 C22 TH 30.0–37.0 C23 C24 C24 C25 C25 C25 C25 Note 7: SM - Surface Mount, TH - Through Hole FIGURE 16. Capacitor Code Selection Guide Output Capacitor Cap. Ref. Desg. # Surface Mount Through Hole Sprague AVX TPS Sanyo OS-CON Sanyo MV-GX Nichicon Panasonic 594D Series Series SA Series Series PL Series HFQ Series (µF/V) (µF/V) (µF/V) (µF/V) (µF/V) (µF/V) C1 120/6.3 100/10 100/10 220/35 220/35 220/35 C2 120/6.3 100/10 100/10 150/35 150/35 150/35 C3 120/6.3 100/10 100/35 120/35 120/35 120/35 C4 68/10 100/10 68/10 220/35 220/35 220/35 C5 100/16 100/10 100/10 150/35 150/35 150/35 C6 100/16 100/10 100/10 120/35 120/35 120/35 C7 68/10 100/10 68/10 150/35 150/35 150/35 C8 100/16 100/10 100/10 330/35 330/35 330/35 C9 100/16 100/16 100/16 330/35 330/35 330/35 C10 100/16 100/16 68/16 220/35 220/35 220/35 C11 100/16 100/16 68/16 150/35 150/35 150/35 C12 100/16 100/16 68/16 120/35 120/35 120/35 C13 100/16 100/16 100/16 120/35 120/35 120/35 C14 100/16 100/16 100/16 220/35 220/35 220/35 C15 47/20 68/20 47/20 220/35 220/35 220/35 C16 47/20 68/20 47/20 150/35 150/35 150/35 C17 47/20 68/20 47/20 120/35 120/35 120/35 C18 68/25 (2x) 33/25 47/25 (Note 8) 220/35 220/35 220/35 C19 33/25 33/25 33/25 (Note 8) 150/35 150/35 150/35 C20 33/25 33/25 33/25 (Note 8) 120/35 120/35 120/35 C21 33/35 (2x) 22/25 (Note 9) 150/35 150/35 150/35 C22 33/35 22/35 (Note 9) 120/35 120/35 120/35 C23 (Note 9) (Note 9) (Note 9) 220/50 100/50 120/50 C24 (Note 9) (Note 9) (Note 9) 150/50 100/50 120/50 C25 (Note 9) (Note 9) (Note 9) 150/50 82/50 82/50 Note 8: The SC series of Os-Con capacitors (others are SA series) Note 9: The voltage ratings of the surface mount tantalum chip and Os-Con capacitors are too low to work at these voltages. FIGURE 17. Output Capacitor Selection Table www.national.com 20 LM2672 Application Information TYPICAL SURFACE MOUNT PC BOARD LAYOUT, FIXD OUTPUT (4X SIZE) 01293439 CIN - 15 µF, 50V, Solid Tantalum Sprague, “594D series” COUT - 68 µF, 16V, Solid Tantalum Sprague, “594D series” D1 - 1A, 40V Schottky Rectifier, Surface Mount L1 - 33 µH, L23, Coilcraft DO3316 CB - 0.01 µF, 50V, Ceramic TYPICAL SURFACE MOUNT PC BOARD LAYOUT, ADJUSTABLE OUTPUT (4X SIZE) 01293440 CIN - 15 µF, 50V, Solid Tantalum Sprague, “594D series” COUT - 33 µF, 25V, Solid Tantalum Sprague, “594D series” D1 - 1A, 40V Schottky Rectifier, Surface Mount L1 - 68 µH, L30, Coilcraft DO3316 CB - 0.01 µF, 50V, Ceramic R1 - 1k, 1% R2 - Use formula in Design Procedure FIGURE 18. PC Board Layout Layout is very important in switching regulator designs. Rapidly switching currents associated with wiring inductance can generate voltage transients which can cause problems. For minimal inductance and ground loops, the wires indicated by heavy lines (in Figure 2 and Figure 3) should be wide printed circuit traces and should be kept as short as possible. For best results, external components should be located as close to the switcher IC as possible using ground plane construction or single point grounding. If open core inductors are used, special care must be taken as to the location and positioning of this type of inductor. Allowing the inductor flux to intersect sensitive feedback, IC ground path, and COUT wiring can cause problems. When using the adjustable version, special care must be taken as to the location of the feedback resistors and the associated wiring. Physically locate both resistors near the IC, and route the wiring away from the inductor, especially an open core type of inductor. 21 www.national.com LM2672 Application Information well as mounting and soldering specifications, refer to Application Note AN-1187. (Continued) LLP Package Devices The LM2672 is offered in the 16 lead LLP surface mount package to allow for increased power dissipation compared to the SO-8 and DIP. For details on thermal performance as www.national.com 22 LM2672 Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted 8-Lead (0.150" Wide) Molded Small Outline Package, JEDEC Order Number LM2672M-3.3, LM2672M-5.0, LM2672M-12 or LM2672M-ADJ NS Package Number M08A 23 www.national.com LM2672 Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued) 8-Lead (0.300" Wide) Molded Dual-In-Line Package Order Number LM2672N-3.3, LM2672N-5.0, LM2672N-12 or LM2672N-ADJ NS Package Number N08E www.national.com 24 inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued) 16-Lead LLP Surface Mount Package NS Package Number LDA16A LIFE SUPPORT POLICY NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein: 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. National Semiconductor Corporation Americas Tel: 1-800-272-9959 Fax: 1-800-737-7018 Email: [email protected] www.national.com National Semiconductor Europe Fax: +49 (0) 180-530 85 86 Email: [email protected] Deutsch Tel: +49 (0) 69 9508 6208 English Tel: +44 (0) 870 24 0 2171 Français Tel: +33 (0) 1 41 91 8790 2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness. National Semiconductor Asia Pacific Customer Response Group Tel: 65-2544466 Fax: 65-2504466 Email: [email protected] National Semiconductor Japan Ltd. Tel: 81-3-5639-7560 Fax: 81-3-5639-7507 National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications. LM2672 SIMPLE SWITCHER Power Converter High Efficiency 1A Step-Down Voltage Regulator with Features Physical Dimensions