LTC2255/LTC2254 14-Bit, 125/105Msps Low Power 3V ADCs U FEATURES ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ DESCRIPTIO The LTC®2255/LTC2254 are 14-bit 125Msps/105Msps, low power 3V A/D converters designed for digitizing high frequency, wide dynamic range signals. The LTC2255/ LTC2254 are perfect for demanding imaging and communications applications with AC performance that includes 72.3dB SNR and 85dB SFDR for signals at the Nyquist frequency. Sample Rate: 125Msps/105Msps Single 3V Supply (2.85V to 3.4V) Low Power: 395mW/320mW 72.4dB SNR 88dB SFDR No Missing Codes Flexible Input: 1VP-P to 2VP-P Range 640MHz Full Power Bandwidth S/H Clock Duty Cycle Stabilizer Shutdown and Nap Modes Pin Compatible Family 125Msps: LTC2253 (12-Bit), LTC2255 (14-Bit) 105Msps: LTC2252 (12-Bit), LTC2254 (14-Bit) 80Msps: LTC2229 (12-Bit), LTC2249 (14-Bit) 65Msps: LTC2228 (12-Bit), LTC2248 (14-Bit) 40Msps: LTC2227 (12-Bit), LTC2247 (14-Bit) 25Msps: LTC2226 (12-Bit), LTC2246 (14-Bit) 10Msps: LTC2225 (12-Bit), LTC2245 (14-Bit) 32-Pin (5mm × 5mm) QFN Package DC specs include ±1LSB INL (typ), ±0.5LSB DNL (typ) and no missing codes over temperature. The transition noise is a low 1.3 LSBRMS. A single 3V supply allows low power operation. A separate output supply allows the outputs to drive 0.5V to 3.3V logic. A single-ended CLK input controls converter operation. An optional clock duty cycle stabilizer allows high performance at full speed for a wide range of clock duty cycles. , LT, LTC and LTM are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. U APPLICATIO S ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Wireless and Wired Broadband Communication Imaging Systems Ultrasound Spectral Analysis Portable Instrumentation U TYPICAL APPLICATIO REFH REFL LTC2255: SNR vs Input Frequency, –1dB, 2V Range, 125Msps 75 FLEXIBLE REFERENCE 74 73 OVDD ANALOG INPUT INPUT S/H – 14-BIT PIPELINED ADC CORE CORRECTION LOGIC D13 • • • D0 OUTPUT DRIVERS OGND 72 SNR (dBFS) + 71 70 69 68 67 CLOCK/DUTY CYCLE CONTROL 66 65 0 22554 TA01a 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 33554 G09 INPUT FREQUENCY (MHz) CLK 22554fa 1 LTC2255/LTC2254 U W U PACKAGE/ORDER I FOR ATIO ORDER PART NUMBER D11 D12 SENSE VCM TOP VIEW VDD Supply Voltage (VDD) ................................................. 4V Digital Output Ground Voltage (OGND) ....... –0.3V to 1V Analog Input Voltage (Note 3) ..... –0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V) Digital Input Voltage .................... –0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V) Digital Output Voltage ................ –0.3V to (OVDD + 0.3V) Power Dissipation ............................................ 1500mW Operating Temperature Range LTC2255C, LTC2254C ............................. 0°C to 70°C LTC2255I, LTC2254I ...........................–40°C to 85°C Storage Temperature Range ..................–65°C to 125°C D13 W OVDD = VDD (Notes 1, 2) OF W W AXI U RATI GS MODE U ABSOLUTE 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 AIN+ 1 24 D10 AIN– 2 23 D9 REFH 3 22 D8 REFH 4 21 OVDD 33 REFL 5 LTC2255CUH LTC2255IUH LTC2254CUH LTC2254IUH 20 OGND REFL 6 19 D7 VDD 7 18 D6 GND 8 17 D5 QFN PART* MARKING 2255 2254 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 OE CLK SHDN 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 UH PACKAGE 32-LEAD (5mm × 5mm) PLASTIC QFN TJMAX = 125°C, θJA = 34°C/W EXPOSED PAD (PIN 33) IS GND MUST BE SOLDERED TO PCB Order Options Tape and Reel: Add #TR Lead Free: Add #PBF Lead Free Tape and Reel: Add #TRPBF Lead Free Part Marking: http://www.linear.com/leadfree/ Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges. *The temperature grade is identified by a label on the shipping container. U CO VERTER CHARACTERISTICS The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. (Note 4) PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN LTC2255 TYP MAX MIN LTC2254 TYP MAX UNITS ● 14 Integral Linearity Error Differential Analog Input (Note 5) ● –5 ±1 5 –5.5 ±1 5.5 LSB Differential Linearity Error Differential Analog Input ● –1 ±0.5 1 –1 ±0.5 1 LSB Offset Error (Note 6) ● –12 ±2 12 –12 ±2 12 mV Gain Error External Reference ● –2.5 ±0.5 2.5 –2.5 ±0.5 2.5 %FS Resolution (No Missing Codes) Transition Noise Bits ±10 ±10 µV/°C Internal Reference ±30 ±30 ppm/°C External Reference ±5 ±5 ppm/°C SENSE = 1V 1.3 1.3 LSBRMS Offset Drift Full-Scale Drift 14 22554fa 2 LTC2255/LTC2254 U U A ALOG I PUT The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. (Note 4) SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS VIN Analog Input Range (AIN+ –AIN–) 2.85V < VDD < 3.4V (Note 7) ● VIN,CM Analog Input Common Mode Differential Input (Note 7) ● 1 1.9 V IIN Analog Input Leakage Current 0V < AIN+, AIN– < VDD ● –1 1 µA ISENSE SENSE Input Leakage 0V < SENSE < 1V ● –3 3 µA IMODE MODE Pin Leakage ● –3 3 µA tAP Sample-and-Hold Acquisition Delay Time tJITTER Sample-and-Hold Acquisition Delay Time Jitter CMRR MIN MAX UNITS ±0.5V to ±1V 1.5 V 0 0.2 Analog Input Common Mode Rejection Ratio Full Power Bandwidth TYP Figure 8 Test Circuit ns psRMS 80 dB 640 MHz W U DY A IC ACCURACY The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. AIN = –1dBFS. (Note 4) SYMBOL PARAMETER SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio CONDITIONS MIN 72.4 72.5 dB 72.4 dB 72.3 dB ● 68.9 71.7 dB 88 88 dB 30MHz Input 85 88 dB 84 dB 80 dB ● 73 Intermodulation Distortion 71 5MHz Input 90 90 dB 30MHz Input 90 90 dB 90 dB ● 77 90 79 90 90 dB 5MHz Input 72.2 72.4 dB 30MHz Input 72 72.2 dB 70MHz Input IMD 82 78 140MHz Input Signal-to-Noise Plus Distortion Ratio 69.4 71.7 70MHz Input S/(N+D) 72.1 5MHz Input 140MHz Input Spurious Free Dynamic Range 4th Harmonic or Higher UNITS 72.3 70MHz Input SFDR LTC2254 TYP MAX 5MHz Input 140MHz Input Spurious Free Dynamic Range 2nd or 3rd Harmonic MIN 30MHz Input 70MHz Input SFDR LTC2255 TYP MAX ● 72 dB 140MHz Input 68 71.9 70.2 68.5 70.6 dB fIN1 = 28.2MHz fIN2 = 26.8MHz 85 85 dB 22554fa 3 LTC2255/LTC2254 U U U I TER AL REFERE CE CHARACTERISTICS (Note 4) PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS VCM Output Voltage IOUT = 0 1.475 1.500 1.525 V ±25 VCM Output Tempco ppm/°C VCM Line Regulation 2.85V < VDD < 3.4V 3 mV/V VCM Output Resistance –1mA < IOUT < 1mA 4 Ω U U DIGITAL I PUTS A D DIGITAL OUTPUTS The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. (Note 4) SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS 0.8 V 10 µA LOGIC INPUTS (CLK, OE, SHDN) VIH High Level Input Voltage VDD = 3V ● VIL Low Level Input Voltage VDD = 3V ● IIN Input Current VIN = 0V to VDD ● CIN Input Capacitance (Note 7) 2 V –10 3 pF LOGIC OUTPUTS OVDD = 3V COZ Hi-Z Output Capacitance OE = High (Note 7) 3 pF ISOURCE Output Source Current VOUT = 0V 50 mA ISINK Output Sink Current VOUT = 3V 50 mA VOH High Level Output Voltage IO = –10µA IO = –200µA ● IO = 10µA IO = 1.6mA ● VOL Low Level Output Voltage 2.7 2.995 2.99 0.005 0.09 V V V V 0.4 OVDD = 2.5V VOH High Level Output Voltage IO = –200µA 2.49 V VOL Low Level Output Voltage IO = 1.6mA 0.09 V VOH High Level Output Voltage IO = –200µA 1.79 V VOL Low Level Output Voltage IO = 1.6mA 0.09 V OVDD = 1.8V U W POWER REQUIRE E TS The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. (Note 8) MIN LTC2255 TYP MAX MIN LTC2254 TYP MAX SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS VDD Analog Supply Voltage (Note 9) ● 2.85 3 3.4 2.85 3 3.4 UNITS V OVDD Output Supply Voltage (Note 9) ● 0.5 3 3.6 0.5 3 3.6 V IVDD Supply Current ● 132 156 107 126 mA PDISS Power Dissipation ● 395 468 320 378 mW PSHDN Shutdown Power SHDN = H, OE = H, No CLK 2 2 mW PNAP Nap Mode Power SHDN = H, OE = L, No CLK 15 15 mW 22554fa 4 LTC2255/LTC2254 WU TI I G CHARACTERISTICS The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. (Note 4) SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN fs Sampling Frequency (Note 9) ● 1 tL CLK Low Time Duty Cycle Stabilizer Off Duty Cycle Stabilizer On (Note 7) ● ● 3.8 3 tH CLK High Time Duty Cycle Stabilizer Off Duty Cycle Stabilizer On (Note 7) ● ● 3.8 3 tAP Sample-and-Hold Aperture Delay tD CLK to DATA delay CL = 5pF (Note 7) ● Data Access Time After OE↓ CL = 5pF (Note 7) BUS Relinquish Time (Note 7) LTC2255 TYP MAX MIN Pipeline Latency Note 1: Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to any Absolute Maximum Rating condition for extended periods may affect device reliability and lifetime. Note 2: All voltage values are with respect to ground with GND and OGND wired together (unless otherwise noted). Note 3: When these pin voltages are taken below GND or above VDD, they will be clamped by internal diodes. This product can handle input currents of greater than 100mA below GND or above VDD without latchup. Note 4: VDD = 3V, fSAMPLE = 125MHz (LTC2255) or 105MHz (LTC2254), input range = 2VP-P with differential drive, clock duty cycle stabilizer on, unless otherwise noted. UNITS 105 MHz 125 1 4 4 500 500 4.5 3 4.76 4.76 500 500 ns ns 4 4 500 500 4.5 3 4.76 4.76 500 500 ns ns 0 1.4 LTC2254 TYP MAX 0 2.7 5.4 ● 4.3 ● 3.3 5 1.4 ns 2.7 5.4 ns 10 4.3 10 ns 8.5 3.3 8.5 ns 5 Cycles Note 5: Integral nonlinearity is defined as the deviation of a code from a straight line passing through the actual endpoints of the transfer curve. The deviation is measured from the center of the quantization band. Note 6: Offset error is the offset voltage measured from –0.5 LSB when the output code flickers between 00 0000 0000 0000 and 11 1111 1111 1111. Note 7: Guaranteed by design, not subject to test. Note 8: VDD = 3V, fSAMPLE = 125MHz (LTC2255) or 105MHz (LTC2254), input range = 1VP-P with differential drive. Note 9: Recommended operating conditions. 22554fa 5 LTC2255/LTC2254 U W TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS LTC2255: Typical INL, 2V Range, 125Msps LTC2255: 8192 Point FFT, fIN = 5MHz, –1dB, 2V Range, 125Msps LTC2255: Typical DNL, 2V Range, 125Msps 2.0 1.5 1.0 0 0.8 –10 –20 0.6 0 –0.5 0.2 0 –0.2 –0.4 –1.0 –0.8 –2.0 –1.0 4096 8192 CODE 12288 –70 –80 4096 8192 CODE 12288 –120 16384 0 –10 –20 –20 –20 –30 –30 –30 –60 –70 –80 AMPLITUDE (dB) 0 –10 AMPLITUDE (dB) 0 –50 –40 –50 –60 –70 –80 –70 –80 –90 –100 –100 –110 –110 –110 –120 –120 50 60 0 10 20 30 40 FREQUENCY (MHz) 22554 G04 50 –120 60 20 30 40 FREQUENCY (MHz) 50 60 22554 G06 75 25000 74 20331 18639 20000 –30 73 72 COUNT –50 –60 –70 SNR (dBFS) –40 15000 11975 10000 –80 6939 –90 5000 –100 –110 –120 10 LTC2255: SNR vs Input Frequency, –1dB, 2V Range, 125Msps –10 –20 0 22554 G05 LTC2255: Grounded Input Histogram, 125Msps 0 22554 G03 –60 –100 20 30 40 FREQUENCY (MHz) 60 50 –50 –90 10 20 30 40 FREQUENCY (MHz) –40 –90 0 10 LTC2255: 8192 Point FFT, fIN = 140MHz, –1dB, 2V Range, 125Msps –10 –40 0 22554 G02 LTC2255: 8192 Point FFT, fIN = 70MHz, –1dB, 2V Range, 125Msps LTC2255: 8192 Point 2-Tone FFT, fIN = 28.2MHz and 26.8MHz, –1dB, 2V Range, 125Msps AMPLITUDE (dB) –60 –110 22554 G01 LTC2255: 8192 Point FFT, fIN = 30MHz, –1dB, 2V Range, 125Msps –50 –100 0 16384 –40 –90 –0.6 –1.5 0 AMPLITUDE (dB) AMPLITUDE (dB) 0.5 –30 0.4 DNL ERROR (LSB) INL ERROR (LSB) 1.0 0 10 20 30 40 FREQUENCY (MHz) 50 60 22554 G07 0 69 68 2727 704 3 79 8183 70 67 3684 8181 71 66 419 26 1 8185 8187 CODE 8189 8191 22554 G08 65 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 33554 G09 INPUT FREQUENCY (MHz) 22554fa 6 LTC2255/LTC2254 U W TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS LTC2255: SNR and SFDR vs Sample Rate, 2V Range, fIN = 5MHz, –1dB LTC2255: SFDR vs Input Frequency, –1dB, 2V Range, 125Msps 100 80 90 SFDR 90 85 80 75 dBFS 70 80 SNR (dBc AND dBFS) SNR AND SFDR (dBFS) 95 SNR 70 60 60 50 dBc 40 30 20 70 10 0 –70 50 65 0 100 150 200 250 300 350 INPUT FREQUENCY (MHz) 22554 G10 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 22554 G11 SAMPLE RATE (Msps) LTC2255: SFDR vs Input Level, fIN = 70MHz, 2V Range, 125Msps –60 –50 –40 –30 –20 INPUT LEVEL (dBFS) –10 0 22554 G13 LTC2255: IVDD vs Sample Rate, 5MHz Sine Wave Input, –1dB 145 110 100 140 dBFS 90 135 80 130 60 IVDD (mA) 70 dBc 50 40 125 2V RANGE 120 1V RANGE 115 110 30 20 105 10 100 95 0 –80 –70 –60 –50 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 22554 G14 INPUT LEVEL (dBFS) 0 LTC2255: IOVDD vs Sample Rate, 5MHz Sine Wave Input, –1dB, OVDD = 1.8V 20 60 80 100 40 SAMPLE RATE (Msps) 120 140 22554 G15 LTC2255: SNR vs SENSE, fIN = 5MHz, –1dB 74 8 73 7 72 6 71 5 SNR (dBFS) 50 SFDR (dBc AND dBFS) 0 IOVDD (mA) SFDR (dBRS) LTC2255: SNR vs Input Level, fIN = 70MHz, 2V Range, 125Msps 4 3 70 69 68 67 2 66 1 65 64 0 0 20 40 80 100 60 SAMPLE RATE (Msps) 120 140 22554 G16 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 SENSE PIN (V) 1.0 1.1 22554 G32 22554fa 7 LTC2255/LTC2254 U W TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS LTC2254: Typical INL, 2V Range, 105Msps 2.0 1.5 1.0 0 0.8 –10 –20 0.6 1.0 0 –0.5 AMPLITUDE (dB) 0.5 –30 0.4 DNL ERROR (LSB) INL ERROR (LSB) LTC2254: 8192 Point FFT, fIN = 5MHz, –1dB, 2V Range, 105Msps LTC2254: Typical DNL, 2V Range, 105Msps 0.2 0 –0.2 –1.5 16384 4096 8192 CODE 22554 G17 12288 16384 0 0 0 –10 –10 –20 –20 –20 –30 –30 –30 –60 –70 –80 –40 AMPLITUDE (dB) –50 –50 –60 –70 –80 –60 –70 –80 –90 –100 –100 –100 –110 –110 –110 –120 –120 30 40 20 FREQUENCY (MHz) 50 30 40 20 FREQUENCY (MHz) 10 22554 G20 LTC2254: 8192 Point 2-Tone FFT, fIN = 28.2MHz and 26.8MHz, –1dB, 2V Range, 105Msps 50 –120 0 20000 18000 –20 12000 –60 –70 73 72 11299 10516 10000 –100 4000 –110 2000 0 10 30 40 20 FREQUENCY (MHz) 50 22554 G23 0 71 70 69 68 6000 –90 50 22554 G22 74 8000 –80 30 40 20 FREQUENCY (MHz) 75 17646 18027 SNR (dBFS) 14000 –50 COUNT –40 10 LTC2254: SNR vs Input Frequency, –1dB, 2V Range, 105Msps 16000 –30 0 22554 G21 LTC2254: Grounded Input Histogram, 105Msps –10 –120 0 50 22554 G19 –50 –90 10 30 40 20 FREQUENCY (MHz) –40 –90 0 10 LTC2254: 8192 Point FFT, fIN = 140MHz, –1dB, 2V Range, 105Msps –10 –40 0 22554 G018 LTC2254: 8192 Point FFT, fIN = 70MHz, –1dB, 2V Range, 105Msps AMPLITUDE (dB) AMPLITUDE (dB) –120 0 LTC2254: 8192 Point FFT, fIN = 30MHz, –1dB, 2V Range, 105Msps AMPLITUDE (dB) –80 –110 –1.0 12288 –70 –100 –0.8 –2.0 8192 CODE –60 –90 –0.6 4096 –50 –0.4 –1.0 0 –40 3380 3316 3 54 581 8183 8185 67 637 68 1 8187 8189 CODE 8191 8193 22554 G24 66 65 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 33554 G25 INPUT FREQUENCY (MHz) 22554fa 8 LTC2255/LTC2254 U W TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS LTC2254: SNR and SFDR vs Sample Rate, 2V Range, fIN = 5MHz, –1dB LTC2254: SFDR vs Input Frequency, –1dB, 2V Range, 105Msps 100 80 90 SFDR 95 80 75 SNR (dBc AND dBFS) 85 dBFS 70 80 SNR AND SFDR (dBFS) 90 SNR 70 60 60 50 dBc 40 30 20 70 10 65 0 –70 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 INPUT FREQUENCY (MHz) 22554 G26 0 20 40 60 80 100 SAMPLE RATE (Msps) 120 140 –60 –50 –40 –30 –20 INPUT LEVEL (dBFS) 22554 G27 –10 0 22554 G28 LTC2254: IVDD vs Sample Rate, 5MHz Sine Wave Input, –1dB LTC2254: SFDR vs Input Level, fIN = 70MHz, 2V Range, 105Msps 110 120 100 115 dBFS 90 110 80 105 70 60 IVDD (mA) dBc 50 40 2V RANGE 100 1V RANGE 95 90 30 85 20 80 10 0 –80 –70 –60 –50 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 22554 G29 INPUT LEVEL (dBFS) 75 0 LTC2254: IOVDD vs Sample Rate, 5MHz Sine Wave Input, –1dB, OVDD = 1.8V 20 40 60 80 SAMPLE RATE (Msps) 100 120 22554 G30 LTC2254: SNR vs SENSE, fIN = 5MHz, –1dB 74 7 73 6 72 5 71 SNR (dBFS) 50 SFDR (dBc AND dBFS) 0 IOVDD (mA) SFDR (dBRS) LTC2254: SNR vs Input Level, fIN = 70MHz, 2V Range, 105Msps 4 3 70 69 68 67 2 66 1 65 64 0 0 20 60 80 40 SAMPLE RATE (Msps) 100 120 22554 G31 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 SENSE PIN (V) 1.0 1.1 22554 G33 22554fa 9 LTC2255/LTC2254 U U U PI FU CTIO S AIN+ (Pin 1): Positive Differential Analog Input. AIN- (Pin 2): Negative Differential Analog Input. REFH (Pins 3, 4): ADC High Reference. Short together and bypass to pins 5, 6 with a 0.1µF ceramic chip capacitor as close to the pin as possible. Also bypass to pins 5, 6 with an additional 2.2µF ceramic chip capacitor and to ground with a 1µF ceramic chip capacitor. REFL (Pins 5, 6): ADC Low Reference. Short together and bypass to pins 3, 4 with a 0.1µF ceramic chip capacitor as close to the pin as possible. Also bypass to pins 3, 4 with an additional 2.2µF ceramic chip capacitor and to ground with a 1µF ceramic chip capacitor. VDD (Pins 7, 32): 3V Supply. Bypass to GND with 0.1µF ceramic chip capacitors. GND (Pin 8): ADC Power Ground. CLK (Pin 9): Clock Input. The input sample starts on the positive edge. SHDN (Pin 10): Shutdown Mode Selection Pin. Connecting SHDN to GND and OE to GND results in normal operation with the outputs enabled. Connecting SHDN to GND and OE to VDD results in normal operation with the outputs at high impedance. Connecting SHDN to VDD and OE to GND results in nap mode with the outputs at high impedance. Connecting SHDN to VDD and OE to VDD results in sleep mode with the outputs at high impedance. OE (Pin 11): Output Enable Pin. Refer to SHDN pin function. D0 – D13 (Pins 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27): Digital Outputs. D13 is the MSB. OGND (Pin 20): Output Driver Ground. OVDD (Pin 21): Positive Supply for the Output Drivers. Bypass to ground with 0.1µF ceramic chip capacitor. OVDD can be 0.5V to 3.6V. OF (Pin 28): Over/Under Flow Output. High when an over or under flow has occurred. MODE (Pin 29): Output Format and Clock Duty Cycle Stabilizer Selection Pin. Connecting MODE to GND selects offset binary output format and turns the clock duty cycle stabilizer off. 1/3 VDD selects offset binary output format and turns the clock duty cycle stabilizer on. 2/3 VDD selects 2’s complement output format and turns the clock duty cycle stabilizer on. VDD selects 2’s complement output format and turns the clock duty cycle stabilizer off. SENSE (Pin 30): Reference Programming Pin. Connecting SENSE to VCM selects the internal reference and a ±0.5V input range. VDD selects the internal reference and a ±1V input range. An external reference greater than 0.5V and less than 1V applied to SENSE selects an input range of ±VSENSE. ±1V is the largest valid input range. VCM (Pin 31): 1.5V Output and Input Common Mode Bias. Bypass to ground with 2.2µF ceramic chip capacitor. GND (Exposed Pad) (Pin 33): ADC Power Ground. The exposed pad on the bottom of the package needs to be soldered to ground. 22554fa 10 LTC2255/LTC2254 W FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRA U U AIN+ AIN– VCM INPUT S/H FIRST PIPELINED ADC STAGE SECOND PIPELINED ADC STAGE THIRD PIPELINED ADC STAGE FOURTH PIPELINED ADC STAGE FIFTH PIPELINED ADC STAGE SIXTH PIPELINED ADC STAGE 1.5V REFERENCE SHIFT REGISTER AND CORRECTION 2.2µF RANGE SELECT REFH SENSE REFL INTERNAL CLOCK SIGNALS OVDD REF BUF OF D13 CLOCK/DUTY CYCLE CONTROL DIFF REF AMP CONTROL LOGIC OUTPUT DRIVERS • • • D0 REFH 22554 BD01 REFL 0.1µF OGND CLK M0DE SHDN OE 2.2µF 1µF 1µF Figure 1. Functional Block Diagram WU W TI I G DIAGRA Timing Diagram tAP ANALOG INPUT N+4 N+2 N N+3 tH N+5 N+1 tL CLK tD D0-D13, OF N–5 N–4 N–3 N–2 N–1 N 22554 TD01 22554fa 11 LTC2255/LTC2254 U W U U APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE input tone to the RMS value of the largest 3rd order intermodulation product. Signal-to-Noise Plus Distortion Ratio The signal-to-noise plus distortion ratio [S/(N + D)] is the ratio between the RMS amplitude of the fundamental input frequency and the RMS amplitude of all other frequency components at the ADC output. The output is band limited to frequencies above DC to below half the sampling frequency. Spurious Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) Signal-to-Noise Ratio Input Bandwidth The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is the ratio between the RMS amplitude of the fundamental input frequency and the RMS amplitude of all other frequency components except the first five harmonics and DC. The input bandwidth is that input frequency at which the amplitude of the reconstructed fundamental is reduced by 3dB for a full scale input signal. Spurious free dynamic range is the peak harmonic or spurious noise that is the largest spectral component excluding the input signal and DC. This value is expressed in decibels relative to the RMS value of a full scale input signal. Aperture Delay Time Total Harmonic Distortion Total harmonic distortion is the ratio of the RMS sum of all harmonics of the input signal to the fundamental itself. The out-of-band harmonics alias into the frequency band between DC and half the sampling frequency. THD is expressed as: THD = 20Log (√(V22 + V32 + V42 + . . . Vn2)/V1) where V1 is the RMS amplitude of the fundamental frequency and V2 through Vn are the amplitudes of the second through nth harmonics. The THD calculated in this data sheet uses all the harmonics up to the fifth. Intermodulation Distortion If the ADC input signal consists of more than one spectral component, the ADC transfer function nonlinearity can produce intermodulation distortion (IMD) in addition to THD. IMD is the change in one sinusoidal input caused by the presence of another sinusoidal input at a different frequency. If two pure sine waves of frequencies fa and fb are applied to the ADC input, nonlinearities in the ADC transfer function can create distortion products at the sum and difference frequencies of mfa ± nfb, where m and n = 0, 1, 2, 3, etc. The 3rd order intermodulation products are 2fa + fb, 2fb + fa, 2fa – fb and 2fb – fa. The intermodulation distortion is defined as the ratio of the RMS value of either The time from when CLK reaches mid-supply to the instant that the input signal is held by the sample and hold circuit. Aperture Delay Jitter The variation in the aperture delay time from conversion to conversion. This random variation will result in noise when sampling an AC input. The signal to noise ratio due to the jitter alone will be: SNRJITTER = –20log (2π • fIN • tJITTER) CONVERTER OPERATION As shown in Figure 1, the LTC2255/LTC2254 is a CMOS pipelined multistep converter. The converter has six pipelined ADC stages; a sampled analog input will result in a digitized value five cycles later (see the Timing Diagram section). For optimal AC performance the analog inputs should be driven differentially. For cost sensitive applications, the analog inputs can be driven single-ended with slightly worse harmonic distortion. The CLK input is single-ended. The LTC2255/LTC2254 has two phases of operation, determined by the state of the CLK input pin. Each pipelined stage shown in Figure 1 contains an ADC, a reconstruction DAC and an interstage residue amplifier. In operation, the ADC quantizes the input to the stage and the quantized value is subtracted from the input by the DAC to produce a residue. The residue is amplified and 22554fa 12 LTC2255/LTC2254 U W U U APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO output by the residue amplifier. Successive stages operate out of phase so that when the odd stages are outputting their residue, the even stages are acquiring that residue and vice versa. When CLK is low, the analog input is sampled differentially directly onto the input sample-and-hold capacitors, inside the “Input S/H” shown in the block diagram. At the instant that CLK transitions from low to high, the sampled input is held. While CLK is high, the held input voltage is buffered by the S/H amplifier which drives the first pipelined ADC stage. The first stage acquires the output of the S/H during this high phase of CLK. When CLK goes back low, the first stage produces its residue which is acquired by the second stage. At the same time, the input S/H goes back to acquiring the analog input. When CLK goes back high, the second stage produces its residue which is acquired by the third stage. An identical process is repeated for the third, fourth and fifth stages, resulting in a fifth stage residue that is sent to the sixth stage ADC for final evaluation. Each ADC stage following the first has additional range to accommodate flash and amplifier offset errors. Results from all of the ADC stages are digitally synchronized such that the results can be properly combined in the correction logic before being sent to the output buffer. SAMPLE/HOLD OPERATION AND INPUT DRIVE Sample/Hold Operation Figure 2 shows an equivalent circuit for the LTC2255/ LTC2254 CMOS differential sample-and-hold. The analog inputs are connected to the sampling capacitors (CSAMPLE) through NMOS transistors. The capacitors shown attached to each input (CPARASITIC) are the summation of all other capacitance associated with each input. During the sample phase when CLK is low, the transistors connect the analog inputs to the sampling capacitors and they charge to and track the differential input voltage. When CLK transitions from low to high, the sampled input voltage is held on the sampling capacitors. During the hold phase when CLK is high, the sampling capacitors are disconnected from the input and the held voltage is passed to the ADC core for processing. As CLK transitions from high to low, the inputs are reconnected to the sampling capacitors to acquire a new sample. Since the sampling capacitors still hold the previous sample, a charging glitch proportional to the change in voltage between samples will be seen at this time. If the change between the last sample and the new sample is small, the charging glitch seen at the input will be small. If the input change is large, such as the change seen with input frequencies near Nyquist, then a larger charging glitch will be seen. LTC2255/LTC2254 VDD CSAMPLE 3.5pF 15Ω AIN+ CPARASITIC 1pF VDD AIN– CSAMPLE 3.5pF 15Ω CPARASITIC 1pF VDD CLK 22554 F02 Figure 2. Equivalent Input Circuit Single-Ended Input For cost sensitive applications, the analog inputs can be driven single-ended. With a single-ended input the harmonic distortion and INL will degrade, but the SNR and DNL will remain unchanged. For a single-ended input, AIN+ should be driven with the input signal and AIN– should be connected to 1.5V or VCM. Common Mode Bias For optimal performance the analog inputs should be driven differentially. Each input should swing ±0.5V for the 2V range or ±0.25V for the 1V range, around a common mode voltage of 1.5V. The VCM output pin (Pin 31) may be used to provide the common mode bias level. VCM can be tied directly to the center tap of a transformer to set the DC input level or as a reference level to an op amp differential driver circuit. The VCM pin must be bypassed to ground close to the ADC with a 2.2µF or greater capacitor. 22554fa 13 LTC2255/LTC2254 U W U U APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO Input Drive Impedance As with all high performance, high speed ADCs, the dynamic performance of the LTC2255/LTC2254 can be influenced by the input drive circuitry, particularly the second and third harmonics. Source impedance and reactance can influence SFDR. At the falling edge of CLK, the sample-and-hold circuit will connect the 3.5pF sampling capacitor to the input pin and start the sampling period. The sampling period ends when CLK rises, holding the sampled input on the sampling capacitor. Ideally the input circuitry should be fast enough to fully charge the sampling capacitor during the sampling period 1/(2FENCODE); however, this is not always possible and the incomplete settling may degrade the SFDR. The sampling glitch has been designed to be as linear as possible to minimize the effects of incomplete settling. For the best performance, it is recommended to have a source impedance of 100Ω or less for each input. The source impedance should be matched for the differential inputs. Poor matching will result in higher even order harmonics, especially the second. Figure 5 shows a single-ended input circuit. The impedance seen by the analog inputs should be matched. This circuit is not recommended if low distortion is required. The 25Ω resistors and 12pF capacitor on the analog inputs serve two purposes: isolating the drive circuitry from the sample-and-hold charging glitches and limiting the wideband noise at the converter input. VCM 2.2µF 0.1µF ANALOG INPUT Figure 4 demonstrates the use of a differential amplifier to convert a single ended input signal into a differential input signal. The advantage of this method is that it provides low frequency input response; however, the limited gain bandwidth of most op amps will limit the SFDR at high input frequencies. AIN+ 25Ω 0.1µF 25Ω LTC2255/ LTC2254 12pF 25Ω AIN– T1 = MA/COM ETC1-1T 25Ω RESISTORS, CAPACITORS ARE 0402 PACKAGE SIZE 22554 F03 Figure 3. Single-Ended to Differential Conversion Using a Transformer VCM Input Drive Circuits Figure 3 shows the LTC2255/LTC2254 being driven by an RF transformer with a center tapped secondary. The secondary center tap is DC biased with VCM, setting the ADC input signal at its optimum DC level. Terminating on the transformer secondary is desirable, as this provides a common mode path for charging glitches caused by the sample and hold. Figure 3 shows a 1:1 turns ratio transformer. Other turns ratios can be used if the source impedance seen by the ADC does not exceed 100Ω for each ADC input. A disadvantage of using a transformer is the loss of low frequency response. Most small RF transformers have poor performance at frequencies below 1MHz. T1 1:1 HIGH SPEED DIFFERENTIAL 25Ω AMPLIFIER ANALOG INPUT + AIN+ + CM – 2.2µF LTC2255/ LTC2254 12pF – 25Ω AIN– 22554 F04 Figure 4. Differential Drive with an Amplifier VCM 1k 0.1µF ANALOG INPUT 1k 2.2µF 25Ω AIN+ LTC2255/ LTC2254 12pF 25Ω AIN– 0.1µF 224876 F05 Figure 5. Single-Ended Drive 22554fa 14 LTC2255/LTC2254 U W U U APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO For input frequencies above 70MHz, the input circuits of Figure 6, 7 and 8 are recommended. The balun transformer gives better high frequency response than a flux coupled center tapped transformer. The coupling capacitors allow the analog inputs to be DC biased at 1.5V. In Figure 8, the series inductors are impedance matching elements that maximize the ADC bandwidth. VCM 2.2µF 0.1µF 12Ω ANALOG INPUT 25Ω 0.1µF T1 0.1µF AIN+ LTC2255/ LTC2254 8pF 25Ω 12Ω T1 = MA/COM, ETC 1-1-13 RESISTORS, CAPACITORS ARE 0402 PACKAGE SIZE AIN– 22554 F06 Figure 6. Recommended Front End Circuit for Input Frequencies Between 70MHz and 170MHz Reference Operation Figure 9 shows the LTC2255/LTC2254 reference circuitry consisting of a 1.5V bandgap reference, a difference amplifier and switching and control circuit. The internal voltage reference can be configured for two pin selectable input ranges of 2V (±1V differential) or 1V (±0.5V differential). Tying the SENSE pin to VDD selects the 2V range; tying the SENSE pin to VCM selects the 1V range. The 1.5V bandgap reference serves two functions: its output provides a DC bias point for setting the common mode voltage of any external input circuitry; additionally, the reference is used with a difference amplifier to generate the differential reference levels needed by the internal ADC circuitry. An external bypass capacitor is required for the 1.5V reference output, VCM. This provides a high frequency low impedance path to ground for internal and external circuitry. The difference amplifier generates the high and low reference for the ADC. High speed switching circuits are connected to these outputs and they must be externally bypassed. Each output has two pins. The multiple output VCM 2.2µF 0.1µF AIN+ ANALOG INPUT 25Ω 1.5V T1 0.1µF LTC2255/LTC2254 LTC2255/ LTC2254 0.1µF VCM 4Ω 1.5V BANDGAP REFERENCE 2.2µF 25Ω 1V T1 = MA/COM, ETC 1-1-13 RESISTORS, CAPACITORS ARE 0402 PACKAGE SIZE 0.5V AIN– RANGE DETECT AND CONTROL 22554 F07 Figure 7. Recommended Front End Circuit for Input Frequencies Between 170MHz and 300MHz TIE TO VDD FOR 2V RANGE; TIE TO VCM FOR 1V RANGE; RANGE = 2 • VSENSE FOR 0.5V < VSENSE < 1V VCM SENSE BUFFER INTERNAL ADC HIGH REFERENCE 1µF REFH 2.2µF 0.1µF 8.2nH ANALOG INPUT 25Ω AIN+ 0.1µF LTC2255/ LTC2254 T1 0.1µF 2.2µF 0.1µF DIFF AMP 1µF 25Ω REFL 8.2nH – AIN T1 = MA/COM, ETC 1-1-13 RESISTORS, CAPACITORS, INDUCTORS ARE 0402 PACKAGE SIZE 22554 F08 INTERNAL ADC LOW REFERENCE 22554 F09 Figure 8. Recommended Front End Circuit for Input Frequencies Above 300MHz Figure 9. Equivalent Reference Circuit 22554fa 15 LTC2255/LTC2254 U W U U APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO pins are needed to reduce package inductance. Bypass capacitors must be connected as shown in Figure 9. Other voltage ranges in-between the pin selectable ranges can be programmed with two external resistors as shown in Figure 10. An external reference can be used by applying its output directly or through a resistor divider to SENSE. It is not recommended to drive the SENSE pin with a logic device. The SENSE pin should be tied to the appropriate level as close to the converter as possible. If the SENSE pin is driven externally, it should be bypassed to ground as close to the device as possible with a 1µF ceramic capacitor. 1.5V VCM 2.2µF 12k 0.75V 12k SENSE LTC2255/ LTC2254 1µF 22554 F10 CLEAN SUPPLY 4.7µF FERRITE BEAD 0.1µF SINUSOIDAL CLOCK INPUT 1k 0.1µF 50Ω 1k NC7SVU04 22554 F11 Figure 11. Sinusoidal Single-Ended CLK Drive Figures 12 and 13 show alternatives for converting a differential clock to the single-ended CLK input. The use of a transformer provides no incremental contribution to phase noise. The LVDS or PECL to CMOS translators provide little degradation below 70MHz, but at 140MHz will degrade the SNR compared to the transformer solution. The nature of the received signals also has a large Figure 10. 1.5V Range ADC Input Range The input range can be set based on the application. The 2V input range will provide the best signal-to-noise performance while maintaining excellent SFDR. The 1V input range will have better SFDR performance, but the SNR will degrade by 5.7dB. LTC2255/ LTC2254 CLK CLEAN SUPPLY 4.7µF FERRITE BEAD 0.1µF CLK 100Ω LTC2255/ LTC2254 Driving the Clock Input The CLK input can be driven directly with a CMOS or TTL level signal. A sinusoidal clock can also be used along with a low-jitter squaring circuit before the CLK pin (see Figure 11). The noise performance of the LTC2255/LTC2254 can depend on the clock signal quality as much as on the analog input. Any noise present on the clock signal will result in additional aperture jitter that will be RMS summed with the inherent ADC aperture jitter. In applications where jitter is critical, such as when digitizing high input frequencies, use as large an amplitude as possible. Also, if the ADC is clocked with a sinusoidal signal, filter the CLK signal to reduce wideband noise and distortion products generated by the source. 22554 F12 IF LVDS USE FIN1002 OR FIN1018. FOR PECL, USE AZ1000ELT21 OR SIMILAR Figure 12. CLK Drive Using an LVDS or PECL to CMOS Converter ETC1-1T CLK 5pF-30pF LTC2255/ LTC2254 DIFFERENTIAL CLOCK INPUT 22554 F13 0.1µF FERRITE BEAD VCM Figure 13. LVDS or PECL CLK Drive Using a Transformer 22554fa 16 LTC2255/LTC2254 U W U U APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO bearing on how much SNR degradation will be experienced. For high crest factor signals such as WCDMA or OFDM, where the nominal power level must be at least 6dB to 8dB below full scale, the use of these translators will have a lesser impact. The transformer in the example may be terminated with the appropriate termination for the signaling in use. The use of a transformer with a 1:4 impedance ratio may be desirable in cases where lower voltage differential signals are considered. The center tap may be bypassed to ground through a capacitor close to the ADC if the differential signals originate on a different plane. The use of a capacitor at the input may result in peaking, and depending on transmission line length may require a 10Ω to 20Ω ohm series resistor to act as both a low pass filter for high frequency noise that may be induced into the clock line by neighboring digital signals, as well as a damping mechanism for reflections. Maximum and Minimum Conversion Rates The maximum conversion rate for the LTC2255/LTC2254 is 125Msps (LTC2255) and 105Msps (LTC2254). The lower limit of the LTC2255/LTC2254 sample rate is determined by droop of the sample-and-hold circuits. The pipelined architecture of this ADC relies on storing analog signals on small valued capacitors. Junction leakage will discharge the capacitors. The specified minimum operating frequency for the LTC2255/LTC2254 is 1Msps. Clock Duty Cycle Stabilizer An optional clock duty cycle stabilizer circuit ensures high performance even if the input clock has a non 50% duty cycle. Using the clock duty cycle stabilizer is recommended for most applications. To use the clock duty cycle stabilizer, the MODE pin should be connected to 1/3VDD or 2/3VDD using external resistors. This circuit uses the rising edge of the CLK pin to sample the analog input. The falling edge of CLK is ignored and the internal falling edge is generated by a phase-locked loop. The input clock duty cycle can vary from 40% to 60% and the clock duty cycle stabilizer will maintain a constant 50% internal duty cycle. If the clock is turned off for a long period of time, the duty cycle stabilizer circuit will require a hundred clock cycles for the PLL to lock onto the input clock. For applications where the sample rate needs to be changed quickly, the clock duty cycle stabilizer can be disabled. If the duty cycle stabilizer is disabled, care should be taken to make the sampling clock have a 50% (±5%) duty cycle. DIGITAL OUTPUTS Table 1 shows the relationship between the analog input voltage, the digital data bits, and the overflow bit. Table 1. Output Codes vs Input Voltage AIN+ – AIN– (2V Range) OF D13 – D0 (Offset Binary) D13 – D0 (2’s Complement) >+1.000000V +0.999878V +0.999756V 1 0 0 11 1111 1111 1111 11 1111 1111 1111 11 1111 1111 1110 01 1111 1111 1111 01 1111 1111 1111 01 1111 1111 1110 +0.000122V 0.000000V –0.000122V –0.000244V 0 0 0 0 10 0000 0000 0001 10 0000 0000 0000 01 1111 1111 1111 01 1111 1111 1110 00 0000 0000 0001 00 0000 0000 0000 11 1111 1111 1111 11 1111 1111 1110 –0.999878V –1.000000V <–1.000000V 0 0 1 00 0000 0000 0001 00 0000 0000 0000 00 0000 0000 0000 10 0000 0000 0001 10 0000 0000 0000 10 0000 0000 0000 Digital Output Buffers Figure 14 shows an equivalent circuit for a single output buffer. Each buffer is powered by OVDD and OGND, isolated from the ADC power and ground. The additional N-channel transistor in the output driver allows operation down to low voltages. The internal resistor in series with the output makes the output appear as 50Ω to external LTC2255/LTC2254 OVDD VDD 0.5V TO 3.6V VDD 0.1µF OVDD DATA FROM LATCH PREDRIVER LOGIC 43Ω TYPICAL DATA OUTPUT OE OGND 22554 F14 Figure 14. Digital Output Buffer 22554fa 17 LTC2255/LTC2254 U W U U APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO circuitry and may eliminate the need for external damping resistors. to 1V and must be less than OVDD. The logic outputs will swing between OGND and OVDD. As with all high speed/high resolution converters, the digital output loading can affect the performance. The digital outputs of the LTC2255/LTC2254 should drive a minimal capacitive load to avoid possible interaction between the digital outputs and sensitive input circuitry. For full speed operation the capacitive load should be kept under 10pF. Output Enable Lower OVDD voltages will also help reduce interference from the digital outputs. Data Format Using the MODE pin, the LTC2255/LTC2254 parallel digital output can be selected for offset binary or 2’s complement format. Connecting MODE to GND or 1/3V DD selects offset binary output format. Connecting MODE to 2/3VDD or VDD selects 2’s complement output format. An external resistor divider can be used to set the 1/3VDD or 2/3VDD logic values. Table 2 shows the logic states for the MODE pin. Table 2. MODE Pin Function The outputs may be disabled with the output enable pin, OE. OE high disables all data outputs including OF. The data access and bus relinquish times are too slow to allow the outputs to be enabled and disabled during full speed operation. The output Hi-Z state is intended for use during long periods of inactivity. Sleep and Nap Modes The converter may be placed in shutdown or nap modes to conserve power. Connecting SHDN to GND results in normal operation. Connecting SHDN to VDD and OE to VDD results in sleep mode, which powers down all circuitry including the reference and typically dissipates 1mW. When exiting sleep mode it will take milliseconds for the output data to become valid because the reference capacitors have to recharge and stabilize. Connecting SHDN to VDD and OE to GND results in nap mode, which typically dissipates 15mW. In nap mode, the on-chip reference circuit is kept on, so that recovery from nap mode is faster than that from sleep mode, typically taking 100 clock cycles. In both sleep and nap modes, all digital outputs are disabled and enter the Hi-Z state. Output Format Clock Duty Cycle Stablizer 0 Offset Binary Off 1/3VDD Offset Binary On 2/3VDD 2’s Complement On Grounding and Bypassing VDD 2’s Complement Off The LTC2255/LTC2254 requires a printed circuit board with a clean, unbroken ground plane. A multilayer board with an internal ground plane is recommended. Layout for the printed circuit board should ensure that digital and analog signal lines are separated as much as possible. In particular, care should be taken not to run any digital track alongside an analog signal track or underneath the ADC. MODE Pin Overflow Bit When OF outputs a logic high the converter is either overranged or underranged. Output Driver Power Separate output power and ground pins allow the output drivers to be isolated from the analog circuitry. The power supply for the digital output buffers, OVDD, should be tied to the same power supply as for the logic being driven. For example if the converter is driving a DSP powered by a 1.8V supply, then OVDD should be tied to that same 1.8V supply. OVDD can be powered with any voltage from 500mV up to 3.6V. OGND can be powered with any voltage from GND up High quality ceramic bypass capacitors should be used at the VDD, OVDD, VCM, REFH, and REFL pins. Bypass capacitors must be located as close to the pins as possible. Of particular importance is the 0.1µF capacitor between REFH and REFL. This capacitor should be placed as close to the device as possible (1.5mm or less). A size 0402 ceramic capacitor is recommended. The large 2.2µF capacitor between REFH and REFL can be somewhat 22554fa 18 LTC2255/LTC2254 U W U U APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO further away. The traces connecting the pins and bypass capacitors must be kept short and should be made as wide as possible. The LTC2255/LTC2254 differential inputs should run parallel and close to each other. The input traces should be as short as possible to minimize capacitance and to minimize noise pickup. Heat Transfer Most of the heat generated by the LTC2255/LTC2254 is transferred from the die through the bottom-side exposed pad and package leads onto the printed circuit board. For good electrical and thermal performance, the exposed pad should be soldered to a large grounded pad on the PC board. It is critical that all ground pins are connected to a ground plane of sufficient area. Clock Sources for Undersampling Undersampling raises the bar on the clock source and the higher the input frequency, the greater the sensitivity to clock jitter or phase noise. A clock source that degrades SNR of a full-scale signal by 1dB at 70MHz will degrade SNR by 3dB at 140MHz, and 4.5dB at 190MHz. In cases where absolute clock frequency accuracy is relatively unimportant and only a single ADC is required, a 3V canned oscillator from vendors such as Saronix or Vectron can be placed close to the ADC and simply connected directly to the ADC. If there is any distance to the ADC, some source termination to reduce ringing that may occur even over a fraction of an inch is advisable. You must not allow the clock to overshoot the supplies or performance will suffer. Do not filter the clock signal with a narrow band filter unless you have a sinusoidal clock source, as the rise and fall time artifacts present in typical digital clock signals will be translated into phase noise. The lowest phase noise oscillators have single-ended sinusoidal outputs, and for these devices the use of a filter close to the ADC may be beneficial. This filter should be close to the ADC to both reduce roundtrip reflection times, as well as reduce the susceptibility of the traces between the filter and the ADC. If you are sensitive to close-in phase noise, the power supply for oscillators and any buffers must be very stable, or propagation delay variation with supply will translate into phase noise. Even though these clock sources may be regarded as digital devices, do not operate them on a digital supply. If your clock is also used to drive digital devices such as an FPGA, you should locate the oscillator, and any clock fan-out devices close to the ADC, and give the routing to the ADC precedence. The clock signals to the FPGA should have series termination at the driver to prevent high frequency noise from the FPGA disturbing the substrate of the clock fan-out device. If you use an FPGA as a programmable divider, you must re-time the signal using the original oscillator, and the retiming flip-flop as well as the oscillator should be close to the ADC, and powered with a very quiet supply. For cases where there are multiple ADCs, or where the clock source originates some distance away, differential clock distribution is advisable. This is advisable both from the perspective of EMI, but also to avoid receiving noise from digital sources both radiated, as well as propagated in the waveguides that exist between the layers of multilayer PCBs. The differential pairs must be close together and distanced from other signals. The differential pair should be guarded on both sides with copper distanced at least 3x the distance between the traces, and grounded with vias no more than 1/4 inch apart. 22554fa 19 J3 CLOCK INPUT R8 49.9Ω C12 0.1µF VDD E1 EXT REF VCM VDD R9 1k NC7SVU04 VCM 4 2 EXT 5 REF 6 3 1 VDD JP3 SENSE 4 • C19 0.1µF R10 33Ω VDD GND R16 1k R15 1k R14 1k VDD 1/3VDD 2/3VDD VDD 6 4 2 GND C15 2.2µF VDD 7 GND 8 5 3 1 C8 0.1µF C2 8.2pF C11 0.1µF VDD JP4 MODE JP2 OE C7 2.2µF R6 12.4Ω VDD C4 0.1µF R4 24.9Ω R3 24.9Ω R2 12.4Ω C14 0.1µF VCM VDD VDD C9 1µF C6 1µF JP1 SHDN R5 50Ω •3 2 T1 ETC1-1T 5 1 C13 0.1µF C3 0.1µF VCM C1 0.1µF C10 0.1µF C5 4.7µF 6.3V NC7SVU04 R1 OPT R7 1k L1 BEAD J1 ANALOG INPUT C20 0.1µF 29 30 31 32 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 C26 10µF 6.3V 33 R18 100k R17 105k VCC LT1763 C16 0.1µF 39 VCC OE1 VDD C28 1µF VCC 28 7 4 10 18 15 21 31 E3 GND C18 0.1µF C25 4.7µF E4 PWR GND E2 VDD 3V 5 6 8 7 C17 0.1µF 24LC025 1 VCC A0 2 WP A1 3 A2 SCL 4 A3 SDA RN4A 33Ω RN4B 33Ω RN4C 33Ω RN4D 33Ω RN3A 33Ω RN3B 33Ω RN3C 33Ω RN3D 33Ω RN2A 33Ω RN2B 33Ω RN2C 33Ω RN2D 33Ω RN1A 33Ω RN1B 33Ω RN1C 33Ω RN1D 33Ω VDD 2 O0 3 O1 5 O2 6 O3 8 O4 9 O5 11 O6 12 O7 13 O8 14 O9 16 O10 17 O11 19 O12 20 O13 22 O14 23 O15 GND GND LE1 VCC LE2 OE2 GND GND VCC GND VCC GND GND GND 74VCX16373MTD 47 I0 46 I1 44 I2 43 I3 41 I4 40 I5 38 I6 37 I7 36 I8 35 I9 33 I10 32 I11 30 I12 29 I13 27 I14 26 I15 1 24 48 25 42 NC7SV86P5X 1 8 IN OUT 2 7 ADJ GND 3 6 GND GND 4 5 BYP SHDN VCC C27 0.01µF LTC2255/LTC2254 12 D0 AIN+ 13 D1 AIN– 14 D2 REFH 15 D3 REFH 16 REFL D4 17 REFL D5 18 VDD D6 19 GND D7 22 D8 CLK 23 D9 SHDN 24 OE D10 25 D11 26 D12 27 D13 VDD 28 VCM OF 21 SENSE OVDD 20 MODE OGND GND 34 45 VCC C21 0.1µF R11 10k R12 10k C22 0.1µF VCC R13 10k C23 0.1µF 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 40 38 22554 TA02 C24 0.1µF 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 3201S-40G1 39 39 37 37 35 35 33 33 31 31 29 29 27 27 25 25 23 23 21 21 19 19 17 17 15 15 13 13 11 11 9 9 7 7 5 5 3 3 1 1 U U W 20 VCC APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO U Evaluation Circuit Schematic of the LTC2255/LTC2254 LTC2255/LTC2254 22554fa LTC2255/LTC2254 U W U U APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO Silkscreen Top Topside Inner Layer 2 GND 22554fa 21 LTC2255/LTC2254 U W U U APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO Inner Layer 3 Power Bottomside Silkscreen Bottom 22554fa 22 LTC2255/LTC2254 U PACKAGE DESCRIPTIO UH Package 32-Lead Plastic QFN (5mm × 5mm) (Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1693) 0.70 ±0.05 5.50 ±0.05 4.10 ±0.05 3.45 ±0.05 (4 SIDES) PACKAGE OUTLINE 0.25 ± 0.05 0.50 BSC RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD LAYOUT 5.00 ± 0.10 (4 SIDES) BOTTOM VIEW—EXPOSED PAD PIN 1 NOTCH R = 0.30 TYP OR 0.35 × 45° CHAMFER R = 0.115 TYP 0.75 ± 0.05 0.00 – 0.05 31 32 0.40 ± 0.10 PIN 1 TOP MARK (NOTE 6) 1 2 3.45 ± 0.10 (4-SIDES) (UH32) QFN 1004 0.200 REF NOTE: 1. DRAWING PROPOSED TO BE A JEDEC PACKAGE OUTLINE M0-220 VARIATION WHHD-(X) (TO BE APPROVED) 2. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE 3. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS 4. DIMENSIONS OF EXPOSED PAD ON BOTTOM OF PACKAGE DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH, IF PRESENT, SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.20mm ON ANY SIDE 5. EXPOSED PAD SHALL BE SOLDER PLATED 6. SHADED AREA IS ONLY A REFERENCE FOR PIN 1 LOCATION ON THE TOP AND BOTTOM OF PACKAGE 0.25 ± 0.05 0.50 BSC 22554fa Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights. 23 LTC2255/LTC2254 RELATED PARTS PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION COMMENTS LTC1747 12-Bit, 80Msps ADC 72dB SNR, 87dB SFDR, 48-Pin TSSOP Package LTC1748 14-Bit, 80Msps ADC 76.3dB SNR, 90dB SFDR, 48-Pin TSSOP Package LTC1749 12-Bit, 80Msps Wideband ADC Up to 500MHz IF Undersampling, 87dB SFDR LTC1750 14-Bit, 80Msps Wideband ADC Up to 500MHz IF Undersampling, 90dB SFDR LT1993 High Speed Differential Op Amp 600MHz BW, 75dBc Distortion at 70MHz LTC2220 12-Bit, 170Msps ADC 890mW, 67.5dB SNR, 9mm x 9mm QFN Package LTC2220-1 12-Bit, 185Msps ADC 910mW, 67.5dB SNR, 9mm x 9mm QFN Package LTC2221 12-Bit, 135Msps ADC 660mW, 67.5dB SNR, 9mm x 9mm QFN Package LTC2222 12-Bit, 105Msps ADC 475mW, 67.9dB SNR, 7mm x 7mm QFN Package LTC2223 12-Bit, 80Msps ADC 366mW, 68dB SNR, 7mm x 7mm QFN Package LTC2224 12-Bit, 135Msps ADC 660mW, 67.5dB SNR, 7mm x 7mm QFN Package LTC2225 12-Bit, 10Msps ADC 60mW, 71.4dB SNR, 5mm x 5mm QFN Package LTC2228 12-Bit, 65Msps ADC 210mW, 71dB SNR, 5mm x 5mm QFN Package LTC2229 12-Bit, 80Msps ADC 230mW, 71.6dB SNR, 5mm x 5mm QFN Package LTC2248 14-Bit, 65Msps ADC 210mW, 74dB SNR, 5mm x 5mm QFN Package LTC2249 14-Bit, 80Msps ADC 230mW, 73dB SNR, 5mm x 5mm QFN Package LTC2252 12-Bit, 105Msps ADC 320mW, 70.2dB SNR, 5mm x 5mm QFN Package LTC2253 12-Bit, 125Msps ADC 395mW, 70.2dB SNR, 5mm x 5mm QFN Package LTC2292 Dual 12-Bit, 40Msps ADC 240mW, 71dB SNR, 9mm x 9mm QFN Package LTC2293 Dual 12-Bit, 65Msps ADC 410mW, 71dB SNR, 9mm x 9mm QFN Package LTC2294 Dual 12-Bit, 80Msps ADC 445mW, 70.6dB SNR, 9mm x 9mm QFN Package LTC2297 Dual 14-Bit, 40Msps ADC 240mW, 74dB SNR, 9mm x 9mm QFN Package LTC2298 Dual 14-Bit, 65Msps ADC 410mW, 74dB SNR, 9mm x 9mm QFN Package LTC2299 Dual 14-Bit, 80Msps ADC 445mW, 73dB SNR, 9mm x 9mm QFN Package LT5512 DC-3GHz High Signal Level Downconverting Mixer DC to 3GHz, 21dBm IIP3, Integrated LO Buffer LT5514 Ultralow Distortion IF Amplifier/ADC Driver with Digitally Controlled Gain 450MHz 1dB BW, 47dB OIP3, Digital Gain Control 10.5dB to 33dB in 1.5dB/Step LT5522 600MHz to 2.7GHz High Linearity Downconverting Mixer 4.5V to 5.25V Supply, 25dBm IIP3 at 900MHz, NF = 12.5dB, 50Ω Single-Ended RF and LO Ports 22554fa 24 Linear Technology Corporation LT 0306 • PRINTED IN USA 1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417 (408) 432-1900 ● FAX: (408) 434-0507 ● www.linear.com © LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 2005