TPA6010A4 www.ti.com SLOS268B – JUNE 2000 – REVISED AUGUST 2004 STEREO 2.7-W AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER WITH BASS BOOST AND DC VOLUME CONTROL FEATURES • • • • • • • • • • • • • Compatible With PC 99 Desktop Line-Out Into 10-kΩ Load Compatible With PC 99 Portable Into 8-Ω Load Internal Gain Control, Which Eliminates External Gain-Setting Resistors DC Volume and Gain Control Adjustable From 34 dB to -86 dB Bass Boost Buffered Docking Station Outputs 2.7-W/Ch Output Power Into 3-Ω Load PC-Beep Input Depop Circuitry Stereo Input MUX Fully Differential Input Low Supply Current and Shutdown Current Surface-Mount Power Packaging 28-Pin TSSOP PowerPAD™ PWP PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) GND LOUT− BBENABLE BYPASS LIN LHPIN LLINEIN PC-BEEP RLINEIN RHPIN RIN SHUTDOWN HP/LINE ROUT− 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 LOUT+ CLK LDOCKOUT PVDD BUFFGAIN VOLUME VDD BBIN BBOUT PVDD RDOCKOUT SE/BTL ROUT+ GND DESCRIPTION The TPA6010A4 is a stereo audio power amplifier in a 28-pin TSSOP thermally enhanced package capable of delivering 2.7 W of continuous RMS output power into 3-Ω loads. When driving 1 W into 8-Ω speakers, the TPA6010A4 has less than 0.22% THD+N across its specified frequency range. The TPA6010A4 has several features optimized for notebook PCs including bass boost, docking station outputs, dc volume control, and dc gain control. The TPA6010A4 has a buffer and volume control gain stage that are set by dc voltages. The buffer has a differential input and a differential output. The gain of the buffer, which is controlled by the dc voltage on the BUFFGAIN terminal, is adjustable from -46 dB to 14 dB. The docking station output is 6 dB lower than the buffer gain because the buffer has a differential output and the docking station output is taken from just one of the buffer outputs. The volume control amplifier is adjustable from -34 dB to 20 dB in BTL mode and is 6 dB lower in SE mode. The volume control stage is adjustable by dc voltage on the VOLUME terminal. The amplifier gain from input-to-speaker is the sum of the volume control and the buffer gain. The input-to-speaker gain is adjustable from -86 dB to 34 dB in BTL mode and -92 dB to 28 dB in the SE mode. The bass boost of the amplifier sums the right and left inputs, adds gain, filters out the high frequencies, and then adds the bass boost signal back into the output power amplifier. The frequency of the bass boost is adjusted by adding an RC filter from BBOUT to BBIN. The gain of the bass boost is set to 12 dB if the same bass is present in both the right and left channels. If the bass is present in just one of the channels, the gain of the bass is set to 9.5 dB. The gain can be reduced by adding a voltage divider from BBIN to BBOUT. If not using the bass boost, pull the BBENABLE pin low. Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. PowerPAD is a trademark of Texas Instruments. PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. Copyright © 2000–2004, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPA6010A4 www.ti.com SLOS268B – JUNE 2000 – REVISED AUGUST 2004 The PowerPAD package (PWP) delivers a level of thermal performance that was previously achievable only in TO-220-type packages. Thermal impedances of approximately 35°C/W are truly realized in multilayer PCB applications. This allows the TPA6010A4 to operate at full power into 8-Ω loads at ambient temperatures of 85°C. FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM BUFFGAIN RHPIN RLINEIN RIN R MUX RDOCKOUT VOLUME − − + + Σ − ROUT+ + − Σ BUFFGAIN VOLUME CLK VDD ROUT− DC GAIN and Volume Control Σ PVDD BYPASS + − BBOUT + Power Management Bass Boost Σ SHUTDOWN RBB GND − PC-BEEP SE/BTL HP/LINE LHPIN LLINEIN LIN BBIN + PC BEEP CBB MUX CONTROL L MUX BBENABLE − − + + BUFFGAIN Σ − + LOUT+ VOLUME − Σ LOUT− + LDOCKOUT 2 TPA6010A4 www.ti.com SLOS268B – JUNE 2000 – REVISED AUGUST 2004 These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates. AVAILABLE OPTIONS PACKAGED DEVICE TA TSSOP (1) (PWP) -40°C to 85°C (1) TPA6010A4PWP The PWP package is available taped and reeled. To order a taped and reeled part, add the suffix R to the part number (e.g., TPA6010A4PWPR). Terminal Functions TERMINAL NAME NO. I/O DESCRIPTION BBENABLE 3 I BBENABLE is the bass boost control input. When this terminal is held high, the extra bass from the bass boost circuitry is added to the output signal. When this terminal is held low, no extra bass is added. BBIN 21 I BBIN is the buffered input to the power amplifier from the bass boost circuitry. BBOUT 20 O BBOUT is the bass boost output. A low pass filter must be placed from BBOUT to BBIN to select the low frequencies to be boosted. BYPASS 4 CLK 27 I If a 47-nF capacitor is attached, the TPA6010A4 generates an internal clock. An external clock can override the internal clock input to this terminal. BUFFGAIN 24 I The gain of the dockout buffer is adjustable from -52 dB to 8 dB to LDOCKOUT and RDOCKOUT, and is set by a dc voltage from 0 V to 3.54 V. When the dc level is over 3.54 V, the device is muted. GND Tap to voltage divider for internal midsupply bias generator 1, 15 Ground connection for circuitry. Connected to thermal pad. HP/LINE 13 I MUX control input, hold high to select LHPIN or RHPIN, hold low to select LLINEIN or RLINEIN. LHPIN 6 I Left channel headphone input, selected when HP/LINE is held high LIN 5 I Common left input for fully differential input. AC ground for single-ended inputs LLINEIN 7 I Left channel line negative input, selected when HP/LINE is held low LDOCKOUT 26 O LDOCKOUT is the buffered output of LLINEIN or LHPIN. Use BUFFGAIN for volume adjustment of this pin. LOUT+ 28 O Left channel positive output in BTL mode and positive output in SE mode LOUT- 2 O Left channel negative output in BTL mode and high-impedance in SE mode PC-BEEP 8 I The input for PC Beep mode. PC-BEEP is enabled when a > 1.5-V (peak-to-peak) square wave is input to PC-BEEP. AC ground if use is not desired. PVDD 19, 25 I Power supply for output stage RHPIN 10 I Right channel headphone input, selected when HP/LINE is held high RIN 11 I Common right input for fully differential input. AC ground for single-ended inputs RLINEIN 9 I Right channel line input, selected when HP/LINE is held low RDOCKOUT 18 O RDOCKOUT is the buffered output of RLINEIN or RHPIN. Use BUFFGAIN for volume adjustment of this pin. ROUT+ 16 O Right channel positive output in BTL mode and positive output in SE mode ROUT- 14 O Right channel negative output in BTL mode and high-impedance in SE mode SE/BTL 17 I Output MUX control. When this terminal is high, SE outputs are selected. When this terminal is low, the BTL outputs are selected. SHUTDOWN 12 I When held low, this terminal places the entire device, except PC-BEEP detect circuitry, in shutdown mode. VDD 22 I Analog VDD input supply. This terminal needs to be isolated from PVDD to achieve highest performance. VOLUME 23 I VOLUME detects the dc level at the terminal and sets the gain for 31 discrete steps covering a range of 20 dB to -40 dB for dc levels of 0.15 V to 3.54. When the dc level is over 3.54 V, the device is muted. Thermal Pad Connect to GND. The pad must be soldered down in all applications in order to properly secure the device to the PCB. 3 TPA6010A4 www.ti.com SLOS268B – JUNE 2000 – REVISED AUGUST 2004 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) (1) UNIT VDD Supply voltage VI Input voltage 6V -0.3 V to VDD +0.3 V Continuous total power dissipation Internally Limited (see Dissipation Rating Table) TA Operating free-air temperature range -40°C to 85°C TJ Operating junction temperature range -40°C to 150°C Tstg Storage temperature range -65°C to 85°C Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 10 seconds (1) 260°C Stresses beyond those listed under "absolute maximum ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under "recommended operating conditions" is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. DISSIPATION RATING TABLE PACKAGE TA ≤ 25°C DERATING FACTOR TA = 70°C TA = 85°C PWP 2.7 W (1) 21.8 mW/°C 1.7 W 1.4 W (1) See the Texas Instruments document, PowerPAD Thermally Enhanced Package Application Report (SLMA002), for more information on the PowerPAD™ package. The thermal data was measured on a PCB layout based on the information in the section entitled Texas Instruments Recommended Board for PowerPAD on page 33 of the before mentioned document. RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS VDD Supply voltage High-level input voltage VIL Low-level input voltage TA Operating free-air temperature MAX 4.5 5.5 0.8 × VDD SE/BTL, HP/LINE VIH MIN SHUTDOWN, BBENABLE 0.6 × VDD SHUTDOWN, BBENABLE 0.8 -40 V V 2 SE/BTL, HP/LINE UNIT 85 V °C ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS at specified free-air temperature, VDD = 5 V, TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER |VOS| Output offset voltage (measured differentially) PSRR Power supply rejection ratio |IIH| High-level input current SHUTDOWN, SE/BTL, HP/LINE, VOLUME, BUFFGAIN, BBENABLE |IIL| Low-level input current SHUTDOWN, SE/BTL, HP/LINE, VOLUME, BUFFGAIN, BBENABLE IDD Supply current IDD(SD) Supply current, shutdown mode 4 TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP AV = 6 dB VDD = 4.9 V to 5.1 V MAX 35 67 UNIT mV dB VDD = 5.5 V, VI = VDD 1 µA VDD = 5.5 V, VI = 0 V 1 µA BTL mode, SHUTDOWN = 2 V, SE/BTL = 0.6 × VDD 12 18 SE mode, SHUTDOWN = 2 V, SE/BTL = 0.8 × VDD 6.5 10 PC-BEEP = 2.5 V, SHUTDOWN = 0 V 95 250 PC-BEEP = 0 V, SHUTDOWN = 0 V 62 200 mA µA TPA6010A4 www.ti.com SLOS268B – JUNE 2000 – REVISED AUGUST 2004 OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS VDD = 5 V, TA = 25°C, RL = 4 Ω, Gain = 6 dB, BTL mode (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS PO Output power RL = 3 Ω, f = 1 kHz THD + N Total harmonic distortion plus noise PO = 1 W, BOM Bandwidth, maximum output power THD = 1% kSVR Supply ripple rejection ratio f = 20 Hz to 20 kHz, CBypass = 1 µF, Vripple = 200 mVpp Vn Output noise voltage xtalk Crosstalk MIN TYP MAX THD = 10% 2.7 THD = 1% 2.2 f = 20 Hz to 15 kHz UNIT W 0.45% >15 kHz BTL mode 56 dB CBypass = 1 µF, f = 20 Hz to 20 kHz BTL mode 50 SE mode 32 f = 20 Hz to 20 kHz BTL mode -80 µVRMS dB OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS VDD = 5 V, TA = 25°C, RL = 8 Ω, Gain = 6 dB, BTL mode (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP 1 MAX UNIT PO Output power THD = 0.06%, f = 1 kHz THD + N Total harmonic distortion plus noise PO = 0.5 W, f = 20 Hz to 15 kHz W BOM Bandwidth, maximum output power THD = 1% >15 kHz kSVR Supply ripple rejection ratio f = 20 Hz to 20 kHz, BTL mode CBypass = 1 µF, Vripple = 200 mVpp 56 dB Vn Output noise voltage CB = 1 µF, f = 20 Hz to 20 kHz BTL mode 50 SE mode 32 xtalk Crosstalk f = 20 Hz to 20 kHz BTL mode -80 0.5% µVRMS dB 5 TPA6010A4 www.ti.com SLOS268B – JUNE 2000 – REVISED AUGUST 2004 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS Table of Graphs FIGURE vs Output power THD + N Total harmonic distortion + noise 1,2 vs Dockout voltage 3 vs Frequency 4, 5, 6 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISE vs OUTPUT POWER TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISE vs OUTPUT POWER 10 VDD = 5 V, f = 1 kHz Bridge-Tied Load Gain = 6 dB 1 RL = 3 Ω RL = 4 Ω 0.1 RL = 8 Ω 0.01 0.01 0.1 PO − Output Power − W Figure 1. 6 THD+N − Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise − % THD+N − Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise − % 10 1 2 3 VDD = 5 V, f = 1 kHz RL = 32 Ω Single-Ended Gain = 6 dB 1 0.1 0.01 10 100 50 PO − Output Power − mW Figure 2. 200 TPA6010A4 www.ti.com SLOS268B – JUNE 2000 – REVISED AUGUST 2004 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISE vs DOCKOUT VOLTAGE TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISE vs FREQUENCY THD+N − Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise − % 1 0.1 0.01 THD+N − Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise − % 10 VDD = 5 V, RL = 10 kΩ f = 1 kHz Gain = 6 dB 0.1 0.5 1 VO − Dockout Voltage − V VDD = 5 V, Bridge-Tied Load Gain = 6 dB RL = 3 Ω, PO = 2 W RL = 4 Ω, PO = 1.5 W 1 RL = 8 Ω, PO = 1 W 0.1 0.01 2 20 100 1k f − Frequency − Hz 10 k 20 k Figure 3. Figure 4. TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISE vs FREQUENCY TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISE vs FREQUENCY 1 1 THD+N − Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise − % THD+N − Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise − % 10 VDD = 5 V, Gain = 6 dB Single-Ended RL = 32 Ω PO = 75 mW 0.1 0.01 0.001 20 100 1k f − Frequency − Hz Figure 5. 10 k 20 k VDD = 5 V, CI = 0.47 µF, RL = 10 kΩ Gain = 6 dB, Dockout VO = 1 Vrms 0.1 VO = 500 mVrms 0.01 20 100 1k f − Frequency − Hz 10 k 20 k Figure 6. 7 TPA6010A4 www.ti.com SLOS268B – JUNE 2000 – REVISED AUGUST 2004 APPLICATION INFORMATION INTERNAL BUFFER GAIN AND VOLUME GAIN The typical voltage and gain levels are shown in Table 1 and Table 2. Table 1. BUFFGAIN Voltage and Gain Values TYPICAL GAIN OF AMPLIFIER (VOLUME Stage) (1) BUFFGAIN (Terminal 24) Inceasing Voltage (1) (2) (3) 8 (V) (2) (3) Decreasing Voltage (V) (2) (3) Internal Gain (dB) DOCKOUT Gain (dB) 0.00 – 0.20 0.16 – 0.00 14 8 0.21 – 0.31 0.27 – 0.17 12 6 0.32 – 0.42 0.38 – 0.28 10 4 0.43 – 0.54 0.50 – 0.39 8 2 0.55 – 0.65 0.61 – 0.51 6 0 0.66 – 0.76 0.72 – 0.62 4 -2 0.77 – 0.88 0.84 – 0.73 2 -4 0.89 – 0.99 0.96 – 0.85 0 -6 1.00 – 1.11 1.07 – 0.97 -2 -8 1.12 – 1.22 1.19 – 1.08 -4 -10 1.23 – 1.34 1.30 – 1.20 -6 -12 1.35 – 1.45 1.42 – 1.31 -8 -14 1.46 – 1.56 1.53 – 1.43 -10 -16 1.57 – 1.68 1.64 – 1.54 -12 -18 1.69 – 1.79 1.76 – 1.65 -14 -20 1.80 – 1.91 1.88 – 1.77 -16 -22 1.92 – 2.02 1.99 – 1.89 -18 -24 2.03 – 2.14 2.11 – 2.00 -20 -26 2.15 – 2.25 2.23 – 2.12 -22 -28 2.26 – 2.37 2.34 – 2.24 -24 -30 2.38 – 2.48 2.47 – 2.35 -26 -32 2.49 – 2.60 2.57 – 2.46 -28 -34 2.61 – 2.71 2.69 – 2.58 -30 -36 2.72 – 2.83 2.81 – 2.70 -32 -38 2.84 – 2.95 2.92 – 2.82 -34 -40 2.96 – 3.06 3.04 – 2.93 -36 -42 3.07 – 3.18 3.15 – 3.05 -38 -44 3.19 – 3.29 3.27 – 3.16 -40 -46 3.30 – 3.41 3.39 – 3.28 -42 -48 3.42 – 3.52 3.50 – 3.40 -44 -50 3.53 – 3.63 3.62 – 3.51 -46 -52 3.64 – 5.00 5.00 – 3.63 -75 -81 Typical gain values can vary by ±2 dB. To set the Internal and DOCKOUT gain to a fixed value upon power up, use the appropriate voltage range in the Decreasing Voltage column. For best results, set the voltage to the middle of the appropriate voltage range. TPA6010A4 www.ti.com SLOS268B – JUNE 2000 – REVISED AUGUST 2004 Table 2. VOLUME Voltage and Gain Values TYPICAL GAIN OF AMPLIFIER (VOLUME Stage) (1) VOLUME (Terminal 23) Inceasing Voltage (1) (2) (3) (V) (2) (3) Decreasing Voltage (V) (2) (3) BTL Gain (dB) SE Gain (dB) 0.00 – 0.20 0.16 – 0.00 20 14 0.21 – 0.31 0.27 – 0.17 18 12 0.32 – 0.42 0.38 – 0.28 16 10 0.43 – 0.54 0.50 – 0.39 14 8 0.55 – 0.65 0.61 – 0.51 12 6 0.66 – 0.76 0.72 – 0.62 10 4 0.77 – 0.88 0.84 – 0.73 8 2 0.89 – 0.99 0.96 – 0.85 6 0 1.00 – 1.11 1.07 – 0.97 4 -2 1.12 – 1.22 1.19 – 1.08 2 -4 1.23 – 1.34 1.30 – 1.20 0 -6 1.35 – 1.45 1.42 – 1.31 -2 -8 1.46 – 1.56 1.53 – 1.43 -4 -10 1.57 – 1.68 1.64 – 1.54 -6 -12 1.69 – 1.79 1.76 – 1.65 -8 -14 1.80 – 1.91 1.88 – 1.77 -10 -16 1.92 – 2.02 1.99 – 1.89 -12 -18 2.03 – 2.14 2.11 – 2.00 -14 -20 2.15 – 2.25 2.23 – 2.12 -16 -22 2.26 – 2.37 2.34 – 2.24 -18 -24 2.38 – 2.48 2.47 – 2.35 -20 -26 2.49 – 2.60 2.57 – 2.46 -22 -28 2.61 – 2.71 2.69 – 2.58 -24 -30 2.72 – 2.83 2.81 – 2.70 -26 -32 2.84 – 2.95 2.92 – 2.82 -28 -34 2.96 – 3.06 3.04 – 2.93 -30 -36 3.07 – 3.18 3.15 – 3.05 -32 -38 3.19 – 3.29 3.27 – 3.16 -34 -40 3.30 – 3.41 3.39 – 3.28 -36 -42 3.42 – 3.52 3.50 – 3.40 -38 -44 3.53 – 3.63 3.62 – 3.51 -40 -46 3.64 – 5.00 5.00 – 3.63 -95 -95 Typical gain values can vary by ±2 dB. To set the Internal and DOCKOUT gain to a fixed value upon power up, use the appropriate voltage range in the Decreasing Voltage column. For best results, set the voltage to the middle of the appropriate voltage range. The total gain of the amplifier can be determined using the following equations: Total gain = Internal gain (dB) + BTL gain (dB), if outputs are bridge-tied. Total gain = Internal gain (dB) + SE gain (dB), if outputs are single-ended. 9 TPA6010A4 www.ti.com SLOS268B – JUNE 2000 – REVISED AUGUST 2004 CRHP 0.47 µF Right Headphone Input Signal RDOCKOUT CRLINE Right Line Input Signal 0.47 µF CRIN 0.47 µF VDD 50 kΩ VDD 10 9 11 RHPIN RLINEIN RIN 24 BUFFGAIN 23 27 VOLUME CLK R MUX BUFFGAIN VOLUME − − + + Σ − Σ DC GAIN and Volume Control ROUT− 14 See Note A CSR 0.1 µF VDD CSR 0.1 µF CBYP 0.47 µF VDD Left Headphone Input Signal 1 kΩ 100 kΩ 19, 25 PVDD 22 VDD 4 BYPASS 12 SHUTDOWN 1, 15 Σ − BBOUT 20 + Power Management Depop Circuitry Bass Boost Σ RBB GND − To System Control PC Beep Input Signal COUTR 100 µF + 50 kΩ VDD To Right Docking Station Input See Note B ROUT+ 16 + − CCLK 47 nF 18 CPCB 0.47 µF CLHP 0.47 µF CLLINE 0.47 µF Left Line Input Signal 8 PC-BEEP 17 13 SE/BTL HP/LINE 6 7 5 LHPIN LLINEIN LIN PC BEEP BBENABLE − + BUFFGAIN CLIN 0.47 µF 21 CBB MUX CONTROL L MUX BBIN + Σ − + − 3 1 kΩ COUTL 100 µF To System Control LOUT+ 28 + VOLUME − Σ LOUT− 2 + LDOCKOUT 26 100 kΩ To Left Docking Station Input See Note B A. A 0.1-µF ceramic capacitor should be placed as close as possible to the IC. For filtering lower-frequency noise signals, a larger electrolytic capacitor of 10 µF or greater should be placed near the audio power amplifier. B. A DC-blocking capacitor should be placed at each input to the amplifier in the docking station, as the RDOCKOUT and LDOCKOUT pins are biased to VDD/2. Figure 7. Typical TPA6010A4 Application Circuit Using Single-Ended Inputs and Input MUX 10 TPA6010A4 www.ti.com SLOS268B – JUNE 2000 – REVISED AUGUST 2004 N/C Right Positive Differential Input Signal RDOCKOUT 18 CRIN− 0.47 µF Right Negative Differential Input Signal 10 RHPIN 9 RLINEIN 11 RIN R MUX BUFFGAIN CRIN+ 0.47 µF VDD 50 kΩ VDD VOLUME − − + + Σ − 23 VOLUME 27 CLK CCLK 47 nF ROUT+ 16 + − 24 BUFFGAIN Σ DC GAIN and Volume Control ROUT− 14 See Note A VDD VDD CSR 0.1 µF CBYP 0.47 µF BYPASS SHUTDOWN CPCB 0.47 µF N/C Left Positive Differential Input Signal − BBOUT 20 + Power Management Depop Circuitry Bass Boost Σ RBB 1, 15 GND 8 PC-BEEP Left Negative Differential Input Signal Σ PVDD VDD − To System Control PC Beep Input Signal 1 kΩ 100 kΩ 19, 25 22 4 12 CSR 0.1 µF COUTR 100 µF + 50 kΩ VDD To Right Docking Station Input See Note B CLIN− 0.47 µF 17 SE/BTL 13 HP/LINE 6 LHPIN 7 LLINEIN 5 LIN BBIN + PC BEEP CBB MUX CONTROL L MUX CLIN+ 0.47 µF 21 BBENABLE − − + + BUFFGAIN Σ − 3 1 kΩ COUTL 100 µF To System Control LOUT+ 28 + VOLUME − Σ LOUT− 2 + LDOCKOUT 26 100 kΩ To Left Docking Station Input See Note B A. A 0.1-µF ceramic capacitor should be placed as close as possible to the IC. For filtering lower-frequency noise signals, a larger electrolytic capacitor of 10 µF or greater should be placed near the audio power amplifier. B. A DC-blocking capacitor should be placed at each input to the amplifier in the docking station, as the RDOCKOUT and LDOCKOUT pins are biased to VDD/2. Figure 8. Typical TPA6010A4 Application Circuit Using Differential Inputs INPUT RESISTANCE Each gain setting is achieved by varying the input resistance of the amplifier, which can range from its smallest value to over 6 times that value. As a result, if a single capacitor is used in the input high pass filter, the -3 dB or cut-off frequency also changes by over 6 times. RF C Input Signal IN RI Figure 9. Resistor-On Input for Cut-Off Frequency 11 TPA6010A4 www.ti.com SLOS268B – JUNE 2000 – REVISED AUGUST 2004 INPUT CAPACITOR, CI In the typical application an input capacitor, CI, is required to allow the amplifier to bias the input signal to the proper dc level for optimum operation. In this case, CI and the input resistance of the amplifier, RI, form a high-pass filter with the corner frequency determined in Equation 1. -3 dB fc 1 2 RI C I fc (1) The value of CI is important to consider as it directly affects the bass (low frequency) performance of the circuit. Consider the example where RI is 70 kΩ and the specification calls for a flat bass response down to 40 Hz. Equation 1 is reconfigured as Equation 2. CI 1 2 RI f c (2) In this example, CI is 5.6 nF so one would likely choose a value in the range of 5.6 nF to 1 µF. A further consideration for this capacitor is the leakage path from the input source through the input network (CI) and the feedback network to the load. This leakage current creates a dc offset voltage at the input to the amplifier that reduces useful headroom, especially in high gain applications. For this reason a low-leakage tantalum or ceramic capacitor is the best choice. When polarized capacitors are used, the positive side of the capacitor should face the amplifier input in most applications as the dc level there is held at VDD/2, which is likely higher than the source dc level. Note that it is important to confirm the capacitor polarity in the application. POWER SUPPLY DECOUPLING, CS The TPA6010A4 is a high-performance CMOS audio amplifier that requires adequate power supply decoupling to ensure the output total harmonic distortion (THD) is as low as possible. Power supply decoupling also prevents oscillations for long lead lengths between the amplifier and the speaker. The optimum decoupling is achieved by using two capacitors of different types that target different types of noise on the power supply leads. For higher frequency transients, spikes, or digital hash on the line, a good low equivalent-series-resistance (ESR) ceramic capacitor, typically 0.1 µF placed as close as possible to the device VDD lead works best. For filtering lower-frequency noise signals, a larger aluminum electrolytic capacitor of 10 µF or greater placed near the audio power amplifier is recommended. MIDRAIL BYPASS CAPACITOR, CBYP The midrail bypass capacitor, CBYP, is the most critical capacitor and serves several important functions. During startup or recovery from shutdown mode, CBYP determines the rate at which the amplifier starts up. The second function is to reduce noise produced by the power supply caused by coupling into the output drive signal. This noise is from the midrail generation circuit internal to the amplifier, which appears as degraded PSRR and THD+N. For the bypass capacitor, CBYP, 0.47 µF to 1 µF ceramic or tantalum low-ESR capacitors are recommended for the best THD and noise performance. 12 TPA6010A4 www.ti.com SLOS268B – JUNE 2000 – REVISED AUGUST 2004 BASS BOOST OPERATION The bass boost feature of the TPA6010A4 sums the left and right inputs, adds gain, filters out the high frequencies, and adds the bass-boosted signal back into the current-gain stage of the amplifier. The cutoff frequency is set by RBB and CBB as shown in Equation 3. -3 dB fc 1 2 R C BB BB fc (3) The gain of the bass boost is set internally at 12 dB if bass is present in both the right and left channels. If bass is only present in one of the channels, the boost is reduced to 9.5 dB. The total bass boost gain may be determined by using Equation 4. Bass Boost Gain 12 dB 20Log R1 R2 R2 Bass Boost Gain 9.5 dB 20Log (bass present on both channels) R1 R2 R2 (bass present on only one channel) (4) Consider the following example application. The desired cutoff frequency for the bass boost is 300 Hz and the desired bass boost gain is 6 dB. The filter components could be RBB = 1.1 kΩ and CBB = 0.47 µF. If the bass boost feature is not to be used or if the user wishes to disable the boost, the BBENABLE pin should be pulled low. Finally, as illustrated in the functional block diagram, the bass boost is only applied to the speaker outputs, not to the docking station outputs. OUTPUT COUPLING CAPACITOR, CC In the typical single-supply SE configuration, an output coupling capacitor (CC) is required to block the dc bias at the output of the amplifier thus preventing dc currents in the load. As with the input coupling capacitor, the output coupling capacitor and impedance of the load form a high-pass filter governed by Equation 5. -3 dB fc 1 2 RL C C fc (5) The main disadvantage, from a performance standpoint, is the load impedances are typically small, which drives the low-frequency corner higher degrading the bass response. Large values of CC are required to pass low frequencies into the load. Consider the example where a CC of 330 µF is chosen and loads vary from 3 Ω, 4 Ω, 8 Ω, 32Ω , 10 kΩ, and 47 kΩ. Table 3 summarizes the frequency response characteristics of each configuration. 13 TPA6010A4 www.ti.com SLOS268B – JUNE 2000 – REVISED AUGUST 2004 Table 3. Common Load Impedances vs Low Frequency Output Characteristics in SE Mode RL CC LOWEST FREQUENCY 3Ω 330 µF 161 Hz 4Ω 330 µF 120 Hz 8Ω 330 µF 60 Hz 32 Ω 330 µF 15 Hz 10,000 Ω 330 µF 0.05 Hz 47,000 Ω 330 µF 0.01 Hz As Table 3 indicates, most of the bass response is attenuated into a 4-Ω load, an 8-Ω load is adequate, headphone response is good, and drive into line level inputs (a home stereo for example) is exceptional. USING LOW-ESR CAPACITORS Low-ESR capacitors are recommended throughout this applications section. A real (as opposed to ideal) capacitor can be modeled simply as a resistor in series with an ideal capacitor. The voltage drop across this resistor minimizes the beneficial effects of the capacitor in the circuit. The lower the equivalent value of this resistance the more the real capacitor behaves like an ideal capacitor. BRIDGED-TIED LOAD VERSUS SINGLE-ENDED MODE Figure 10 shows a Class-AB audio power amplifier (APA) in a BTL configuration. The TPA6010A4 BTL amplifier consists of two Class-AB amplifiers driving both ends of the load. There are several potential benefits to this differential drive configuration but initially consider power to the load. The differential drive to the speaker means that as one side is slewing up, the other side is slewing down, and vice versa. This in effect doubles the voltage swing on the load as compared to a ground referenced load. Plugging 2 × VO(PP) into the power equation, where voltage is squared, yields 4× the output power from the same supply rail and load impedance as in Equation 6. V(rms) Power V O(PP) 2 2 V(rms) 2 RL (6) VDD VO(PP) RL 2x VO(PP) VDD -VO(PP) Figure 10. Bridge-Tied Load Configuration 14 TPA6010A4 www.ti.com SLOS268B – JUNE 2000 – REVISED AUGUST 2004 In a typical computer sound channel operating at 5 V, bridging raises the power into an 8-Ω speaker from a singled-ended (SE, ground reference) limit of 250 mW to 1 W. In sound power that is a 6-dB improvement — which is loudness that can be heard. In addition to increased power there are frequency response concerns. Consider the single-supply SE configuration shown in Figure 11. A coupling capacitor is required to block the dc offset voltage from reaching the load. These capacitors can be quite large (approximately 33 µF to 1000 µF) so they tend to be expensive, heavy, occupy valuable PCB area, and have the additional drawback of limiting low-frequency performance of the system. This frequency limiting effect is due to the high-pass filter network created with the speaker impedance and the coupling capacitance and is calculated with Equation 7. fc 1 2 RL C C (7) For example, a 68-µF capacitor with an 8-Ω speaker would attenuate low frequencies below 293 Hz. The BTL configuration cancels the dc offsets, which eliminates the need for the blocking capacitors. Low-frequency performance is then limited only by the input network and speaker response. Cost and PCB space are also minimized by eliminating the bulky coupling capacitor. VDD -3 dB VO(PP) CC RL VO(PP) fc Figure 11. Single-Ended Configuration and Frequency Response Increasing power to the load does carry a penalty of increased internal power dissipation. The increased dissipation is understandable considering that the BTL configuration produces 4× the output power of the SE configuration. Internal dissipation versus output power is discussed further in the CREST FACTOR and THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS section. SINGLE-ENDED OPERATION In SE mode (see Figure 10 and Figure 11), the load is driven from the primary amplifier output for each channel (OUT+, terminals 28 and 16). The amplifier switches single-ended operation when the SE/BTL terminal is held high. This puts the negative outputs in a high-impedance state, and reduces the amplifier's gain to 1 V/V. BTL AMPLIFIER EFFICIENCY Class-AB amplifiers are notoriously inefficient. The primary cause of these inefficiencies is voltage drop across the output stage transistors. There are two components of the internal voltage drop. One is the headroom or dc voltage drop that varies inversely to output power. The second component is due to the sinewave nature of the output. The total voltage drop can be calculated by subtracting the RMS value of the output voltage from VDD. The internal voltage drop multiplied by the RMS value of the supply current, IDDrms, determines the internal power dissipation of the amplifier. An easy-to-use equation to calculate efficiency starts out being equal to the ratio of power from the power supply to the power delivered to the load. To accurately calculate the RMS and average values of power in the load and in the amplifier, the current and voltage waveform shapes must first be understood (see Figure 12). 15 TPA6010A4 www.ti.com SLOS268B – JUNE 2000 – REVISED AUGUST 2004 IDD VO IDD(avg) V(LRMS) Figure 12. Voltage and Current Waveforms for BTL Amplifiers Although the voltages and currents for SE and BTL are sinusoidal in the load, currents from the supply are very different between SE and BTL configurations. In an SE application the current waveform is a half-wave rectified shape whereas in BTL it is a full-wave rectified waveform. This means RMS conversion factors are different. Keep in mind that for most of the waveform both the push and pull transistors are not on at the same time, which supports the fact that each amplifier in the BTL device only draws current from the supply for half the waveform. Equation 8 and Equation 9 are the basis for calculating amplifier efficiency. Efficiency of a BTL amplifier PL PSUP (8) Where: 2 PL V Lrms 2 V V , and VLRMS P , therefore, P L P 2 RL 2 RL PSUP V DD IDDavg and and IDDavg 1 VP 2V VP 1 [cos(t)] 0 RP sin(t) dt R RL L L 0 Therefore, PSUP 2 V DD VP RL Substituting PL and PSUP into equation 8, 2 Efficiency of a BTL amplifier Where: VP 2 P L RL Therefore, BTL 2 P L RL 4 VDD VP 2 RL 2 VDD V P RL VP 4 V DD PL = Power delivered to load PSUP = Power drawn from power supply VLRMS = RMS voltage on BTL load RL = Load resistance VP = Peak voltage on BTL load IDDavg = Average current drawn from the power supply VDD = Power supply voltage ηBTL = Efficiency of a BTL amplifier (9) Table 4 employs equation 9 to calculate efficiencies for four different output power levels. Note that the efficiency of the amplifier is quite low for lower power levels and rises sharply as power to the load is increased, resulting in a nearly flat internal power dissipation over the normal operating range. Note that the internal dissipation at full output power is less than in the half power range. Calculating the efficiency for a specific system is the key to proper power supply design. For a stereo 1-W audio system with 8-Ω loads and a 5-V supply, the maximum draw on the power supply is almost 3.25 W. 16 TPA6010A4 www.ti.com SLOS268B – JUNE 2000 – REVISED AUGUST 2004 Table 4. Efficiency vs Output Power in 5-V 8-Ω BTL Systems (1) OUTPUT POWER (W) EFFICIENCY (%) PEAK VOLTAGE (V) INTERNAL DISSIPATION (W) 0.25 31.4 2.00 0.55 0.50 44.4 2.83 0.62 1.00 62.8 4.00 0.59 1.25 70.2 4.47 (1) 0.53 High peak voltages cause the THD to increase. A final point to remember about Class-AB amplifiers (either SE or BTL) is how to manipulate the terms in the efficiency equation to the utmost advantage when possible. Note that in Equation 9, VDD is in the denominator. This indicates that as VDD goes down, efficiency goes up. CREST FACTOR AND THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS Class-AB power amplifiers dissipate a significant amount of heat in the package under normal operating conditions. A typical music CD requires 12 dB to 15 dB of dynamic range, or headroom above the average power output, to pass the loudest portions of the signal without distortion. In other words, music typically has a crest factor between 12 dB and 15 dB. When determining the optimal ambient operating temperature, the internal dissipated power at the average output power level must be used. From the TPA6010A4 data sheet, one can see that when the TPA6010A4 is operating from a 5-V supply into a 3-Ω speaker that 4-W peaks are available. Converting watts to dB as in Equation 10: P P dB 10Log W 10Log 4 W 6 dB 1W P ref (10) Subtracting the headroom restriction to obtain the average listening level without distortion yields: 6 dB 15 dB 9 dB (15 dB crest factor) 6 dB 12 dB 6 dB (12 dB crest factor) 6 dB 9 dB 3 dB (9 dB crest factor) 6 dB 6 dB 0 dB (6 dB crest factor) 6 dB 3 dB 3 dB (3 dB crest factor) Converting dB back into watts as in Equation 11: P W 10PdB10 Pref 63 mW (18 dB crest factor) 125 mW (15 dB crest factor) 250 mW (9 dB crest factor) 500 mW (6 dB crest factor) 1000 mW (3 dB crest factor) 2000 mW (15 dB crest factor) (11) This is valuable information to consider when attempting to estimate the heat dissipation requirements for the amplifier system. Comparing the absolute worst case, which is 2 W of continuous power output with a 3 dB crest factor, against 12 dB and 15 dB applications drastically affects maximum ambient temperature ratings for the system. Using the power dissipation curves for a 5-V, 3-Ω system, the internal dissipation in the TPA6010A4 and maximum ambient temperatures are shown in Table 5. 17 TPA6010A4 www.ti.com SLOS268B – JUNE 2000 – REVISED AUGUST 2004 Table 5. TPA6010A4 Power Rating, 5-V, 3-Ω, Stereo PEAK OUTPUT POWER (W) AVERAGE OUTPUT POWER POWER DISSIPATION (W/Channel) 4 2000 mW (3 dB) 1.7 -3°C 4 1000 mW (6 dB) 1.6 6°C 4 500 mW (9 dB) 1.4 24°C 4 250 mW (12 dB) 1.1 51°C 4 125 mW (15 dB) 0.8 78°C 4 63 mW (18 dB) 0.6 85°C (1) (1) MAXIMUM AMBIENT TEMPERATURE Package limited to 85°C ambient. Table 6. TPA6010A4 Power Rating, 5-V, 8-Ω, Stereo PEAK OUTPUT POWER (W) AVERAGE OUTPUT POWER POWER DISSIPATION (W/Channel) MAXIMUM AMBIENT TEMPERATURE 2.5 1250 mW (3 dB crest factor) 0.55 85°C (1) 2.5 1000 mW (4 dB crest factor) 0.62 85°C (1) 2.5 500 mW (7 dB crest factor) 0.59 85°C (1) 2.5 250 mW (10 dB crest factor) 0.53 85°C (1) (1) Package limited to 85°C ambient. The maximum dissipated power, PD(max), is reached at a much lower output power level for an 8-Ω load than for a 3-Ω load. As a result, for calculating PD(max) for an 8-Ω application, use Equation 12: 2V2 DD P D(max) 2R L (12) However, in the case of a 3-Ω load, PD(max) occurs at a point well above the normal operating power level. The amplifier may therefore be operated at a higher ambient temperature than required by the PD(max) formula for a 3-Ω load. The maximum ambient temperature depends on the heat sinking ability of the PCB system. The derating factor for the PWP package is shown in the Dissipation Rating Table. To convert this to θJA use Equation 13: 1 1 Θ JA 45°CW 0.022 Derating Factor (13) To calculate maximum ambient temperatures, first consider that the numbers from the dissipation graphs are per channel so the dissipated power needs to be doubled for two channel operation. Given θJA, the maximum allowable junction temperature, and the total internal dissipation, the maximum ambient temperature can be calculated with Equation 14. The maximum recommended junction temperature for the TPA6010A4 is 150°C. The internal dissipation figures are taken from the Power Dissipation vs Output Power graphs. T A Max T J Max ΘJA P D 150 45(0.6 2) 96°C (15 dB crest factor) A. (14) Internal dissipation of 0.6 W is estimated for a 2-W system with 15 dB crest factor per channel. Due to package limitations the actual TA Max is 85°C. Table 5 and Table 6 show that for some applications no airflow is required to keep junction temperatures in the specified range. The TPA6010A4 is designed with thermal protection that turns the device off when the junction temperature surpasses 150°C to prevent damage to the IC. Table 5 and Table 6 were calculated for maximum listening volume without distortion. When the output level is reduced the numbers in the table change significantly. Also, using 8-Ω speakers dramatically increases the thermal performance by increasing amplifier efficiency. 18 TPA6010A4 www.ti.com SLOS268B – JUNE 2000 – REVISED AUGUST 2004 SE/BTL OPERATION The ability of the TPA6010A4 to easily switch between BTL and SE modes is one of its most important cost saving features. This feature eliminates the requirement for an additional headphone amplifier in applications where internal stereo speakers are driven in BTL mode but external headphone or speakers must be accommodated. Internal to the TPA6010A4, two separate amplifiers drive OUT+ and OUT-. The SE/BTL input (terminal 17) controls the operation of the follower amplifier that drives LOUT- and ROUT- (terminals 2 and 14). When SE/BTL is held low, the amplifier is on and the TPA6010A4 is in the BTL mode. When SE/BTL is held high, the OUT- amplifiers are in a high output impedance state, which configures the TPA6010A4 as an SE driver from LOUT+ and ROUT+ (terminals 28 and 16). IDD is reduced by approximately one-half in SE mode. Control of the SE/BTL input can be from a logic-level CMOS source or, more typically, from a resistor divider network as shown in Figure 13. RDOCKOUT 18 10 RHPIN 9 RLINEIN 11 RIN R MUX − − + + Σ − ROUT+ 16 + − Σ ROUT− 14 COUTR 100 µF + VDD SE/BTL 1 kΩ 100 kΩ 17 100 kΩ Figure 13. TPA6010A4 Resistor Divider Network Circuit Using a readily available 1/8-in. (3.5 mm) stereo headphone jack, the control switch is closed when no plug is inserted. When closed the 100-kΩ/1-kΩ divider pulls the SE/BTL input low. When a plug is inserted, the 1-kΩ resistor is disconnected and the SE/BTL input is pulled high. When the input goes high, the OUT- amplifier is shut down causing the speaker to mute (virtually open-circuits the speaker). The OUT+ amplifier then drives through the output capacitor (CO) into the headphone jack. PC BEEP OPERATION The PC BEEP input allows a system beep to be sent directly from a computer through the amplifier to the speakers with few external components. The input is activated automatically. When the PC BEEP input is active, both of the LINEIN and HPIN inputs are deselected and both the left and right channels are driven in BTL mode with the signal from PC BEEP. The gain from the PC BEEP input to the speakers is fixed at 0.3 V/V and is independent of the volume setting. When the PC BEEP input is deselected, the amplifier returns to the previous operating mode and volume setting. Furthermore, if the amplifier is in shutdown mode, activating PC BEEP takes the device out of shutdown and outputs the PC BEEP signal, and then returns the amplifier to shutdown mode. The amplifier automatically switches to PC BEEP mode after detecting a valid signal at the PC BEEP input. The preferred input signal is a square wave or pulse train with an amplitude of 1.5 Vpp or greater. To be accurately detected, the signal must have a minimum of 1.5-Vpp amplitude, rise and fall times of less than 0.1 µs, and a minimum of 8 rising edges. When the signal is no longer detected, the amplifier returns to its previous operating mode and volume setting. If it is desired to ac-couple the PC BEEP input, the value of the coupling capacitor should be chosen to satisfy Equation 15: C PCB 2 f 1 (100 k) PCB (15) The PC BEEP input can also be dc-coupled to avoid using this coupling capacitor. The pin normally sits at midrail when no signal is present. 19 TPA6010A4 www.ti.com SLOS268B – JUNE 2000 – REVISED AUGUST 2004 INPUT MUX OPERATION RDOCKOUT 18 10 RHPIN 9 RLINEIN 11 RIN R MUX − − + + Σ − ROUT+ 16 ROUT− 14 + − Σ COUTR 100 µF + VDD 1 kΩ 100 kΩ Figure 14. TPA6010A4 Example Input MUX Circuit Another advantage of using the MUX feature is setting the gain of the headphone channel to -1. This provides the optimum distortion performance into the headphones where clear sound is more important. Refer to the SE/BTL OPERATION section for a description of the headphone jack control circuit. SHUTDOWN MODES The TPA6010A4 employs a shutdown mode of operation designed to reduce supply current, IDD, to the absolute minimum level during periods of nonuse for battery-power conservation. The SHUTDOWN input terminal should be held high during normal operation when the amplifier is in use. Pulling SHUTDOWN low causes the outputs to mute and the amplifier to enter a low-current state. SHUTDOWN should never be left unconnected because amplifier operation would be unpredictable. Table 7. Shutdown and Mute Mode Functions INPUTS (1) (1) (2) 20 AMPLIFIER STATE SE/BTL SHUTDOWN INPUT Low High Line BTL X Low X (2) Mute High High HP SE Inputs should never be left unconnected. X = do not care OUTPUT PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 30-Mar-2005 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Eco Plan (2) Qty TPA6010A4PWP ACTIVE HTSSOP PWP 28 50 TBD CU NIPDAU Level-1-220C-UNLIM TPA6010A4PWPR ACTIVE HTSSOP PWP 28 2000 TBD CU NIPDAU Level-1-220C-UNLIM Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (3) (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS) or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. 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