SA2531 A/B/C/E/G/U sames SA2531 A/B/C/D/E/F/G/J/U VERSATILE SINGLE CHIP TELEPHONE WITH 14 NUMBER REPERTORY DIALLER FEATURES ■ Speech circuit, LD/MF Repertory Dialler and Tone Ringer on one 28 pin CMOS chip ■ Net 4 compatible ■ Soft clip to avoid harsh distortion ■ Line Loss Compensation selectable by pin option ■ Power down mode ■ Versatile applications for different PTT demands ■ 31 digit last number redial ■ Sliding Cursor protocol with comparison ■ 2 Flash keys, 100 ms and 280 ms (option 600 ms) ■ Ring frequency discrimination ■ Operating range from 13 to 100 mA (down to 5 mA with reduced performance) ■ Volume control of receive signalExcept "D") ■ Low noise (max. -72dBmp) ■ Real or Complex impedance on chip programmable ■ LD/MF switchable dialling ■ 14 memories, 4 direct/10 indirect or 10 direct ■ Pause key for 2, 3 or 6 sec Auto Pause or Wait function ■ On chip MF filter (CEPT CS 203 compatible) ■ 3-tone melody generator GENERAL DESCRIPTION The SA2531 is a CMOS integrated circuit that contains all the functions needed to form a high performance electronic telephone. The device incorporates LD/MF repertory dialling, melody generation, ring frequency discrimination and a high quality speech circuit. A RAM is on chip for a 31 digit last number redial and 14 memories each containing up to 21 digits. The sliding cursor procedure makes Last Number Redial easy behind a PABX. The SA2531 (exept the SA2531D) incorporates a volume control for the earpiece. The receive volume can be controlled by the VOL key (+4dB) or by the +/- keys (+6dB/-4dB in 5 steps). The versatility of the circuit is provided by on chip programmability and a few external components. This allows easy adaption to different PTT requirements without changing the PCB of the telephone. 1/24 sames M82-2013 PDS039-SA2531-001 Rev.D 15-05-97 SA2531 A/B/C/E/G/U PACKAGE Available in 28 pin DIP and PLCC PIN CONFIGURATIONS 28 Pin PLCC 28 Pin DIP PIN DESCRIPTION Pin# Symbol Function 23 M1 Microphone Inputs 24 M2 Differential inputs for the microphone (electret). 3 RO1 Receiver Outputs 2 RO2 These are the outputs for driving a dynamic earpiece with an impedance of 150 to 300Ω 5 AGND Analogue Ground This is the analog ground for the amplifiers. 28 RI Receive Input This is the input for the receive signal. 6 STB Side Tone Balance Input This is the input for side tone cancellation. 1 LS Line Current Sense Input This is the input for sensing the line current. 27 LI Line Input This input is used for power extraction and line current sensing. 2/24 sames SA2531 A/B/C/E/G/U Pin# Symbol Function 25 CS Current Shunt Control Output This N-channel open drain output controls the external high power shunt transistor for the modulation of the line voltage and for shorting the line during make period of pulse dialling. 4 VDD Positive Voltage Supply This is the supply pin for the circuit. 26 VSS Negative Power Supply 8 MO Melody Output Pulse Density Modulated output of the melody generator for tone ringer. At high impedance when not active. 21 FCI Frequency Comparator Input This is a Schmitt trigger input for ring frequency discrimination. Disabled during off-hook. 10 HS/DP Hook Switch Input and Dial Pulse Output This is an I/O that is pulled high by the hook switch when off- hook. An open drain pulls it low during break periods of pulse dialling and flash. 11 OSC Oscillator Input Oscillator pin for Xtal or ceramic resonator (3.58 MHz). Recommended part is the Murata CSA3.5MG312AM. 9 LLC Line Loss Compensation Select pin for the loss compensation. OPEN = None VDD = 45-75mA VDD = 20-50mA 12 RR Repetition Rate Select pin for repetition rate of melody for the Tone rinser. 22 MODE Signalling Mode Select Input Mode pin Function High LD mode, 10pps, M:B = 33:66 (J:20pps) Open MFonly Low LD mode, 10pps, M:B = 40:60 (J:20pps, M:B = 33:66) 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 7 R1 R2 R3 R4 C1 C2 C3 C4 CI Keyboard Rows Keyboard Columns Complex Impedance Input Input pin for the capacitor in the complex impedance sames 3/24 SA2531 A/B/C/E/G/U FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION Power On Reset The on chip power on reset circuit monitors the supply voltage (VDD ). When VDD rises above approx. 1.2V, a power on reset occurs to assure correct start-up and the RAM is cleared. DC Conditions The normal operating range is from 13mA to 100 mA. Operating range with reduced performance is from 5mA to 13mA. In the operating range all functions are operational. At line currents below 13mA the SA2531 provided an additional scope below 4.5V to allow parallel operation. (See Figure 12). The dc characteristic (excluding diode bridge and Pulsing transistors) is determined by the voltage at LI and the resistor R1 as follows: VLS = VLI + ILine.R1 The voltage at LI is 4.5V. During pulse dialling the speech circuit and other parts of the device not required are in a power down mode to save current. The CS pin is pulled to VSS in order to turn the external shunt transistor on to keep a low voltage drop at the LS pin during make periods. AC Impedance The Characteristic or Output impedance of the SA2531 is set within the IC and adjusted by Mask Options. Available options are for 600Ω and 1000Ω. When the 1000Ω option is selected then a capacitor may be added to the circuit at pin CI to add a reactive element and make the output impedance complex. Oscillator All the Timing Functions of the SA2531 are based on a Clock Frequency of 3.58MHz. A crystal or ceramic resonator of this frequency should be connected to the OSC pin. In practise minor deviations from the nominal frequency may occur due to the characteristics of the frequency reference device used and so it is recommended that care is taken in the selection of components. Typically a small value capacitor ( ≤47pF) should be connected in parallel with the Frequency Reference to ensure start-up and/or operation at the nominal frequency. Speech Circuit The speech circuit consists of a transmit and a receive path born with soft clip, mute, line loss compensation and side tone cancellation. Transmit The gain of the transmit from M1/M2 to LS is 35dB for 600Ω versions and 37dB for 1000Ω versions (see test circuit figure 5). The microphone input is differential with an input impedance of 25 kΩ. The soft clip circuit limits the output voltage at LI to 2.0V PEAK (see figures 8 & 9). The attack time is 30µs/6dB and the decay time is 20 ms/6 dB. When mute is active, during dialling 4/24 sames SA2531 A/B/C/E/G/U or after pressing the MUTE key, the gain is reduced by > 60 dB. Receive The receive input is the differential signal of RI and STB. The gain of the receive path is 2 dB (test circuit figure 5) with differential outputs, RO1/RO2 (0dB on 1000Ω versions). When mute is active during dialling the gain is reduced by > 60dB. During DTMF dialling a MF comfort tone is applied to the receiver. The comfort tone is the DTMF signal with a level that is -30dB relative to the line signal. The receive gain can be adjusted under user control by using the volume control keys (not on SA2531D). The VOL key gives a 4dB increase or returns the gain to normal in a Toggle Function. Alternatively the + and - keys may be used. The + key increases the gain to a maximum of +6dB while the - key reduces the gain to a minimum of -4dB. Each press of the keys changes the gain by approximately 2dB. The gain is reset by the next on-hook. Side Tone Side Tone is controlled along with Return Loss by a Double Balance Bridge as shown in Fig. 1. Figure 1 Double balance bridge (return loss and side tone) with one common ground A good side tone cancellation is achieved by using the following equation: ZBAL = ZLINE R5 R1 sames 5/24 SA2531 A/B/C/E/G/U The side tone cancellation signal is applied to the STB input. Line Loss Compensation When Line Loss Compensation is active the gain of the Transmit and Receive amplifiers are changed by 6dB in accordance with the DC conditions as measured at Pins LI and LS. When the LLC Pin is Low this adjustment in gain occurs over the range I LINE = 20 to 50 mA. When LLC is High the range is 45 to 75mA. Note that these figures apply for R1 = R30Ω. When the LLC Pin is open the amplifier gains remain fixed regardless of the Line Current (see figures 6 & 7). Dialling Functions Valid Keys The keypad of the SA2531 comprises a maximum of 32 keys some of which are provided to cater for options (such as the two Recall/Flash periods). A Bi-polar scan technique is used so that the 32 keys are scanned in a 4 x 8 matrix using only 8 pins. Two explanatory keypad arrangements are illustrated in Figures 2 & 3. A valid key is detected when one and only one contact closure is detected between a Row and Column Pin. Key contacts are debounced to avoid incorrect detection. It is also possible to drive the keypad inputs with a micro controller. Dial Mode Selection The default mode (LD or MF) can be selected by the Mode pin. When default LD mode is selected, a temporary change to MF can be invoked by pressing the * key. The circuit will revert to LD by pressing the R (or R2) key or by next on-hook. When MF mode is selected by the mode pin, the circuit can not be changed temporary to LD but will remain in MF. Last Number Redial LNR is a facility that allows resignalling of the last manually dialled number without keying in all the digits again. The LNR is repeatable. The current contents of the RAM are overwritten by new entries. A manually entered number is automatically stored in the LNR RAM. The capacity of the RAM is 31 digits. If a number greater than 31 digits is entered, the LNR facility will be inhibited (Until new entries < 32 digits) and further entries will be buffered in a First In First Out Memory (FIFO). 6/24 sames SA2531 A/B/C/E/G/U Post dialled digits, i.e. digits manually entered after LNR has been invoked, are not stored in RAM but buffered in FIFO. Pauses can be inserted by pressing the PAUSE key. (Further details of the Pause Function are included in the Memory Keys section.) Recall Function A Recall (R key or R2 key) activation will invoke a Flash (Timed Loop Break). If Recall is the first entry in a digit string, it will be stored in LNR RAM when digit(s) are entered after the Recall. If the recall key is depressed after a digit string has been entered or dialled out, the recall will not be stored but buffered in the FIFO together with subsequently entered digits. If pressing the recall key is not followed by digit entries, the LNR RAM remains intact. After a recall a pause of 27ums or 3 seconds will automatically be executed. On versions C/C/E/G a recall cannot be executed in LD mode. Memory Keys The keys M1 to M10 are direct memory access keys and the MEM key is used for indirect or abbreviated dialling. In the on chip RAM, 14 numbers can be stored. Each number can contain up to 21 digits (including pauses). During programming multiple pauses can be inserted by pressing the PAUSE key or the LNR key. Each pause is 3 seconds (optionally 6 or 2 seconds) when inserted within the first 5 digits otherwise a wait function that will halt dialling until the PAUSE key or the LNR key is depressed. Memory dialling is cascadable. However, the content of one memory must be dialled out before a new one can be invoked. Mute Function The MUTE key is enabled in speech mode only. Depressing the MUTE key mutes the microphone amplifier. Repressing the MUTE key deactivates the mute (toggle function). Any key entry overwrites a mute activated by the MUTE key and mute will be deactivated. When privacy mute is activated a reminder tone is applied to the earpiece. Sliding Cursor Procedure To accommodate easy and uncomplicated redialling (LNR) behind a PABX, a sliding cursor protocol is implemented. If new entries match the previous RAM contents, pressing the LNR key will dial out the remaining digits. If there is an error in matching, the LNR will be inhibited until next on-hook, and the RAM will contain the new number. sames 7/24 SA2531 A/B/C/E/G/U Tone Generator The tone generator incorporates the DTMF tones and 3 basic frequencies for the tone ringer. DTMF Tones The DTMF Tone Generator creates 12 Tones in compliance with CCITT Recommendation Q23. Signal levels are altered by Mask Option. High group frequencies have a level 2.6dB higher than those of the Low Group. Details of the DTMF Tones are: Low group Digit Digit Digit Digit 1-2-3 4-5-6 7-8-9 *-0-# 697Hz 770Hz 852Hz 941Hz (Error = -.074%) (Error = -.679% (Error = -.621%) (Error = +.139%) High group Digit 1-4-7-* KEYBORD ARRANGEMENT 1 1209Hz 10 Direct memories (either VOL or +/- keys) Figure 2 8/24 sames (Error = +.533%) SA2531 A/B/C/E/G/U KEYBORD ARRANGEMENT 2 4 Direct and 10 Indirect memories (either VOL or +/- keys) Figure 3 Tone Ringer The Tone Ringer of the SA2531 incorporates a Discriminator Circuit and adjustable Melody Generator Ring Frequency Discrimination The Ring Frequency Discriminator assures that only signals with a frequency between 20Hz and 60Hz (option 13 Hz to 70 Hz) are regarded as valid ring signals. When a valid ring signal is present for 73 ms continuously, the melody generator is activated and remains active as long as the ring signal is present. Once the melody generator has been started, the ring signal is continuously monitored and the melody generator is instantly turned on or off according to the momentary presence of a valid or unvalid ring signal respectively (until next POR of off-hook). Melody Generator When a Valid Ring Signal is detected the Melody generator is activated and creates a ringing Signal comprising 3 frequencies F1 (800Hz), F2 (1067Hz) and F3 (1333Hz). These frequencies are repeated in a sequence of 6 time slots constructed by the frequencies F1 F2 F3 F1 F2 F3 This seqeunce is repeated 1, 4, 7 or 10 times per second as indicated by the connection of the RR Pin to one of the four rows of the keyboard. sames 9/24 SA2531 A/B/C/E/G/U TYPICAL APPLICATION Only the components necessary for presenting the complete functions of the SA2531 are included. 10/24 sames SA2531 A/B/C/E/G/U Digit 2-5-8-0 Digit 3-6-9-# 1336 Hz 1477Hz (Error = +.176%) (Error = -.141%) Errors are calculated with reference to a base clock of 3.58MHz and at ambient temperature of 24°C. They exclude tolerance errors in the base frequency. OPERATING PROCEDURES Procedure Principles The procedures for utilizing the features of the SA2531 are optimized out of consideration for the human factor in order to: - meet the user’s expectations - be easy to learn and relearn SYMBOLS sames 11/24 SA2531 A/B/C/E/G/U Privacy Mute 12/24 sames SA2531 A/B/C/E/G/U Temporary MF FIFO Pressing any other key does not change the state. EXIT FIFO sames 13/24 SA2531 A/B/C/E/G/U Storing Numbers Key entries different to the procedure will be ignored. Exit programme mode from each state with on-hook or ENTER. Programme State 1) Entries (0 - 9, *, #, PAUSE, R, R2) will be stored immediately into the selected memory. 14/24 sames SA2531 A/B/C/E/G/U Automatic Dialling Postdailled digits are not stored but buffered in FIFO sames 15/24 SA2531 A/B/C/E/G/U TIMING DIAGRAMS LD Dialling LD Dialling with Access Pause MF Dialling 16/24 sames SA2531 A/B/C/E/G/U Flash ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Absolute Maximum Ratings Positive Supply Voltage ....................................................................................... -0.3V≤VDD≤7V Input current .................................................................................................................. ±25mA Input Voltage (LS) .............................................................................................. -0.3V≤VIN≤10V Input Voltage (LI, CS) ........................................................................................... -0.3V≤VIN≤8V Input Voltage (STB, RI) .............................................................................. -2V≤VVIN≤VDD+0.3V Input Voltage (MO) ............................................................................................. -0.3V≤VIN≤35V Digital Input Voltage ................................................................................... -0.3V≤VIN≤VDD+0.3V Electrostatic Discharge ................................................................................................... ±800V Storage Temperature ...................................................................................... -65°C to +125°C Recommended Operating Conditions ≤VDD≤5V Supply Voltage * (Speech Mode).......................................................................... 4V≤ Oscillator Frequency (Resonator: Murata CSA 3.58M G312AM).......................... 3.58 MHz Operating Temperature ................................................................................... -25°C to +70°C * This voltage is generated internally DC Characteristics (ILINE = 15 mA unless otherwise specified) Symbol IDD Parameter Operating Current IDDO Retention Current VLI IOL Line Voltage (default) Output Current, Sink CS,HS/DP,MO sames Conditions Speech mode MF dialling LD dialling VDD = 2.5V Ring mode V DD = 2.5V Idle mode V DD = 2V, TAMB = 25°C 13mA≤ILINE ≤100mA VOL = 0.4V Min Typ 3 4 200 300 0.05 4.5 1.5 Max 5 Units mA mA µA µA µA V mA 17/24 SA2531 A/B/C/E/G/U AC Characteristics (ILINE=15mA;f=800Hz unless otherwise specified) Symbol Parameter TX Transmit ATX Gain (M1/M2) Conditions Test Circuit Fig.5 Min Typ Max Units ZRL=600Ω (Α/Β/Ε/F/J) 34 35 36 dB ZRL = 1000Ω (C/D/G/v) 36.5 Variation with Frequency f=500Hz to 3.4kHz ±0.8 THD Distortion VLI≤0.5VRMS VAGC Soft Clip Level VLI = ASCO ATX/F dB 2 % 2 VPEAK Soft Clip Overdrive 20 dB tATTACK Attack Time 30 µs/6dB tDECAY Decay Time 20 ms/6dB ZIN Input Impedance (M1/M2) 20 kΩ AMUTE Mute Attenuation VNO Noise Output Voltage VFC Unwanted Frequency Components Mute activated 60 dB -72 dBmp 50...300 Hz -43 dBm 4.3...28 kHz note 6 above 28 kHZ VIN MAX Input Voltage Range (M1/M2) -70 dBm Differential ±1 VPEAK Single Ended ±0.5 VPEAK BJT Output Driver VIN MAX Input Voltage Range (LI) ±2 VPEAK VTX Dynamic Range ±2 VPEAK RL Return Loss 18/24 ZRL = 600Ω and 1000Ω sames 18 dB SA2531 A/B/C/E/G/U AC Characteristics (cont’d) (ILINE = 15 mA;f=800Hz unless otherwise specified) Symbol Parameter RX ARX Conditions Receive Test Circuit Fig.5 Receive Gain (RO1/RO2) ZRL=600Ω (Α/Β/Ε/F/J) Min Typ 1 2 ZRL=1000Ω (C/G/U) V RI ≤0.5V R M S V A G C Soft Clip Level V RI= A S C O Soft Clip Overdrive t D E C A Y ±0.8 dB 2 1 VRI>0.8V Decay Time V N O Noise Output Voltage V FC Unwanted Frequency PEAK dB 30 20 V % 10 Attact Time t ATTACT 6dB dB 6 ∆A RX/F Variation with Frequency f=500 Hz to 3.4 kHz Distortion 3 0 (D) THD Max Units 50 Hz...20 kHz µs/ ms/6dB -72 dBmp -60 dBm Components Z IN V IN RI Input Impedance (RI) 8 Input Voltage Range(RI) ±2 ST Sidetone Test Circuit Fig.5 A Sidetone Cancellation V RI ≤0.5V RMS ST V IN ST Z IN kΩ V 26 P E A K dB Input Voltage Range (STB) ±2 V Input Impedance (STB) 80 kΩ 15 m s PEAK Keyboard t Key Debounce Time D HS Input t HS-L t HS-H ∆F V MF Low to High Debounce Goingoff-hook 15 ms High to Low Debounce DTMF Frequency deviation Line breaks/on-hook 240 ms Note 5 V L-H MF Tone Level(Low group) SA2531B/D/G/U SA2531A/C/E/F/J Preemphasis Low to High SA2531A/B/C/E/F/J/U V L-H Preemphasis Low to High SA2531D/G sames 1.2 % -12.5 -9.5 2.0 -11 8 26 . -9.5 -6.5 3.0 dB dB dB 2.0 2.6 3.2 dB 19/24 SA2531 A/B/C/E/G/U AC Characteristics Cont'd Symbol Parameter tTD tITP Conditions Tone Duration Inter Tone Pause Note 1 SA2531A/B/C/D/F/ G/J/U Note 1 SA2531E; Note 1 Min Typ Max 80 82.3 85 ms 85 170 ms ms 80 160 82.3 165 Units tITP Inter Tone Pause tTR Tone Rise Time Note 2 5 ms tTF Tone Fall Time Note 2 5 ms LD tDR Dial Rate ±5% tM/B Make/Break Period ±5%, MODE=low ±5%, MODE=high tPDP Pre-Digit Pause tIDP Inter Digit Pause tMO Mute Overhang tFD Flash Duration 1 Flash Duration 2 Flash Duration 2 SA2531B/CD//E/F/G SA2531A/J/U Post Flash Pause SA2531 A/B/F tAP tAP Access Pause Access Pause SA2531 C/D/E/G/J/U SA2531A/B/F SA2531C SA2531D/E/G/J/U VMO tMD F1 F2 F3 tDT tTO fMIN fMIN fMAX Tone Ringer Melody Output Level Melody Delay Frequency 1 Frequency 2 Frequency 3 Detection Time Detection Time-out Min. Detection Frequency Min. Detection Frequency Max. Detection Frequency Max. Detection Frequency tPFP 20/24 sames 800 10 pps 40.8/61.2 33/66 ms ms 35 ms 840 880 ms 102 300 650 ms ms ms tM 100 270 600 2.74 2.9 2.0 5.8 2.9 3.0 2.05 6.0 3.0 ms 3.1 2.12 6.2 3.1 sec. sec sec sec 10 830 1110 1385 80 ms Hz Hz Hz ms ms Hz Hz Hz Hz PDM Initial SA2531D/G SA2531A/B/C/E/F/J/U SA2531D/G SA2531A/B/C/E/F/J/U 770 1025 1280 70 19 12 58 68 800 1067 1333 note 4 20 13 59 70 21 14 60 75 SA2531 A/B/C/E/G/U AC Characteristics Cont'd Symbol Parameter Reminder Tone VRT Level (RO1/RO2) tRTD Duration Interval tRTI Comfort Tone (DTMF) VCT Level (RO1/RO2) Note 1: Note 2: Note 3: Note 4: Note 5: Note 6: Conditions Min Typ Max Units Relative to LS -30 82.3 3 dBr ms sec Relative to LS -30 dBr The values are valid during automatic dialling and are minimum values during manual dialling, i.e. the tones will continue as long as the key is depressed. The rise time is the time from 10% of final value till the tone amplitude has reached 90% of its final value. Relative to high group. The FCI circuit is reset by POR and HS/DP pulled high (off-hook). After a reset the FCI circuit is in a standby state. A positive edge on FCI will start a 73 ms timer and the frequency discrimination is initiated. Whenever a period of the ring signal is missing, the timer is reset. When a valid ring signal is present for ≥ 73 ms, the melody generator is started and is directly controlled by the ring signal. This condition will remain until a new reset. This does not include the frequency deviation of the ceramic resonator. -37 dBm at 4.3 kHz and decreasing 12 dB/octave till 28 kHz. Ordering information: Versions ZRL DTMF FCI ITP (W) Level (Hz) (ms) R2 Flash in Flash Access (ms) LD Mode Pause Pause SA2531A 600 -6/-8dBm 13-70 82 600 yes 274ms 2 sec SA2531B 600 -9/-11dBm 13-70 82 280 yes 274ms 2 sec SA2531C 1000 -6/-8dBm 13-70 82 280 no 3 sec 6 sec SA2531D 1000 -9/-11dBm 20-60 82 280 no 3 sec 3 sec SA2531E 600 -6/-8dBm 13-70 165 280 no 3 sec 3 sec SA2531F 600 -6/-8dBm 13-70 82 280 yes SA2531G 1000 -9/-11dBm 20-60 82 280 no 3 sec 3 sec SA2531J 600 13-70 82 600 yes 3 sec 3 sec SA2531U 1000 -9/-11dBm 13-70 82 600 yes 3 sec 3 sec -6/-8dBm Package styles: DIP "P" SOIC "S" Example: SA2531U in PLCC Package = SA2531UAFA 274 ms 2 sec Remarks Rx gain + 6dB, no VOL MF select (*) with tone Mode pin: 10/20 pps PLCC "F" Application support: For application support, contact your nearest SAMES Sales Office. sames 21/24 SA2531 A/B/C/E/G/U Test Circuit Figure 5 22/24 sames SA2531 A/B/C/E/G/U NOTES: sames 23/24 SA2531 A/B/C/E/G/U Disclaimer: The information contained in this document is confidential and proprietary to South African MicroElectronic Systems (Pty) Ltd ("SAMES) and may not be copied or disclosed to a third party, in whole or in part, without the express written consent of SAMES. The information contained herein is current as of the date of publication; however, delivery of this document shall not under any circumstances create any implication that the information contained herein is correct as of any time subsequent to such date. SAMES does not undertake to inform any recipient of this document of any changes in the information contained herein, and SAMES expressly reserves the right to make changes in such information, without notification,even if such changes would render information contained herein inaccurate or incomplete. SAMES makes no representation or warranty that any circuit designed by reference to the information contained herein, will function without errors and as intended by the designer. South African Micro-Electronic Systems (Pty) Ltd P O Box 15888, 33 Eland Street, Lynn East, Koedoespoort Industrial Area, 0039 Pretoria, Republic of South Africa, Republic of South Africa Tel: Fax: 24/24 012 333-6021 012 333-8071 Tel: Fax: sames Int +27 12 333-6021 Int +27 12 333-8071