AAT3153 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump For White LED Applications Features The AAT3153 is a low noise, constant frequency charge pump DC/DC converter that uses a tri-mode load switch (1X), fractional (1.5X), and doubling (2X) conversion to maximize efficiency for white LED applications. The AAT3153 is capable of driving sixchannel LEDs from a 2.7V to 5.5V input. The current sinks may be operated individually or in parallel for driving higher-current LEDs. Low external parts count (two 1µF flying capacitors and two small 1µF capacitors at VIN and VOUT) makes this part ideally suited for small battery-powered applications. • • • • • • • • • • • • AnalogicTech's S2Cwire™ (Simple Serial Control™) serial digital input is used to enable, disable, and set current for each LED with eight settings (20mA down to 50µA) including main and sub-display group control. The AAT3153 consumes extremely low current internally (40µA typical) at light load for optimized efficiency. Each output of the AAT3153 is equipped with builtin protection for VOUT short circuit and auto-disable for load short-circuit condition. Built-in soft-start circuitry prevents excessive inrush current during start-up. A low current shutdown feature disconnects the load from VIN and reduces quiescent current to less than 1µA. ChargePump™ VIN Range: 2.7V to 5.5V Fully Programmable Current with Single Wire • Eight-Step Current: 20mA-50µA • Individual Main-Sub Group Control • Low IQ (40µA) at Light Load Tri-Mode 1X, 1.5X, and 2X Charge Pump for Maximum Efficiency and VF Coverage Drives Up to Six Channels of LEDs No Inductors, Low Noise Operation 1MHz Constant Switching Frequency Small Application Circuit Built-In Thermal Protection Built-In Auto-Disable for Short-Circuit Automatic Soft-Start IQ <1µA in Shutdown Thermal-Enhanced 4x4mm16-Pin QFN Package Applications • • • • Color (RGB) Lighting Programmable Current Sinks White LED Backlighting White Photo-Flash for DSCs The AAT3153 is available in a space-saving, thermalenhanced 16-pin 4x4mm QFN package. Typical Application VIN 2.7V to 5.5V C1+ C1 1µF CIN 1µF C1C2+ C2 1µF AAT3153 C2VOUT D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 COUT 1µF EN/SET D1 EN/SET D2 D3 D4 D5 GND 3153.2004.10.0.6 D6 1 Preliminary Information General Description AAT3153 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump For White LED Applications Pin Descriptions Pin # Symbol 1 D6 2 EN/SET 3 N/C 4 VOUT 5 C2+ Flying capacitor 2 + terminal. Connect a 1µF capacitor between C2+ and C2-. 6 C1+ Flying capacitor 1 + terminal. Connect a 1µF capacitor between C1+ and C1-. 7 C1- Flying capacitor 1 - terminal. 8 C2- Flying capacitor 2 - terminal. 9 GND 10 IN 11 GND 12 D1 Current sink input #1. 13 D2 Current sink input #2. 14 D3 Current sink input #3. 15 D4 Current sink input #4. 16 D5 Current sink input #5. EP Function Current sink input #6. S2Cwire serial interface control pin. No connection. Charge pump output to drive load circuit. Requires 1µF capacitor connected between this pin and ground. Ground. Input power supply. Requires 1µF capacitor connected between this pin and ground. Ground. Exposed paddle (bottom). Connect to ground. Pin Configuration QFN44-16 (Top View) 15 13 16 14 D4 D1 11 GND 3 10 IN 4 9 GND 1 EN/SET 2 N/C VOUT AAT3153 8 7 6 5 C2C1+ C1C2+ 2 D2 D3 D5 12 D6 3153.2004.10.0.6 AAT3153 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump For White LED Applications Absolute Maximum Ratings1 Symbol VIN VEN/SET IOUT 2 TJ TLEAD Description Input Voltage EN/SET to GND Voltage Maximum DC Output Current Operating Junction Temperature Range Maximum Soldering Temperature (at leads, 10 sec) Value Units -0.3 to 6 -0.3 to VIN + 0.3 150 -40 to 150 300 V V mA °C °C Notes: 1. Stresses above those listed in Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. Functional operation at conditions other than the operating conditions specified is not implied. Only one Absolute Maximum Rating should be applied at any one time. 2. Based on long-term current density limitation. Thermal Information Symbol PD θJA Description 1, 2 Maximum Power Dissipation Maximum Thermal Resistance1 Value Units TBD TBD W °C/W Notes: 1. Mounted on an FR4 board. 2. Derate 6.25 mW/ C above 25°C. 3153.2004.10.0.6 3 AAT3153 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump For White LED Applications Electrical Characteristics1 CIN = COUT = C1 = C2 = 1.0µF; TA = -40°C - 85 C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = 25°C, VIN = 3.6V. Symbol Description Conditions Input Power Supply VIN Operation Range ICC ISHDN IDX Operating Current Shutdown Current ISINK Average Current Accuracy I(D-Match) Current Matching (Note 2) VTH 1X to 1.5X or 1.5X to 2X Transition Threshold at Any ISINK Pin Charge Pump Section TSS Soft-Start Time FCLK Clock Frequency EN/SET VEN(L) Enable Threshold Low VEN(H) Enable Threshold High TEN/SET LO EN/SET Low Time TEN/SET HI Minimum EN/SET High Time TOFF EN/SET Off Timeout TLAT EN/SET Latch Timeout EN/SET Input Leakage IEN/SET Min Typ Max Units 5.5 1 V 0.3 1 3 TBD TBD 2.7 1X Mode, 3.0 ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5, Active, No Load Current 1.5X Mode, 3.0 ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5, Active, No Load Current 2X Mode, 3.0 ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5, Active, No Load Current 50µA Setting, 1X Mode EN/SET=0 ISET = 30mA, TA = 25°C VF:D1:D6 = 3.6V 40 18 20 0.5 150 1 22 5 100 1000 VEN/SET VEN/SET VEN/SET VEN/SET < > < > 0.6V 1.4V 0.6V 1.4V 75 50 -1 µA µA mA % mV µs kHz 0.4 1.4 0.3 mA 500 500 1 V V µs ns µs µs µA Notes: 1. The AAT3153 is guaranteed to meet performance specifications over the -40°C to 85°C operating temperature range and is assured by design, characterization, and correlation with statistical process controls. 2. Current matching is defined as the deviation of any sink current from the average of all active channels. 4 3153.2004.10.0.6 AAT3153 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump For White LED Applications Typical Characteristics Turn On to 1X Mode VIN = 4.2V, DX = 20mA Efficiency vs. Supply Voltage 100 4.1mA 10.2mA 20mA EN (2V/div) Efficiency (%) 90 80 CP (2V/div) VSINK (500mV/div) 70 60 IIN (100mA/div) 50 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 100µ µs/div Supply Voltage (V) Turn On to 1.5X Mode VIN = 3.5V, DX = 20mA Turn On to 2X Mode VIN = 2.8V, DX = 20mA EN (2V/div) EN (2V/div) CP (2V/div) VSINK (500mV/div) CP (2V/div) VSINK (500mV/div) IIN (100mA/div) IIN (100mA/div) 100µ µs/div 100µ µs/div Turn Off from 1.5X Mode VIN = 3.5V, DX = 20mA EN (2V/div) VF (1V/div) IIN (200mA/div) 200µ µs/div 3153.2004.10.0.6 5 AAT3153 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump For White LED Applications Functional Block Diagram C1+ C1- C2+ C2- 1X, 1.5X and 2X Charge Pump VIN VOUT Soft-Start Control 1MHz Oscillator Voltage Reference 6 x 16 bit ROM EN/SET S2C Interface 6 x 16 bit ROM D/A D1 D/A D2 D/A D3 D/A D4 D/A D5 D/A D6 GND Functional Description The AAT3153 is a tri-mode load switch (1X) and high efficiency (1.5X or 2X) charge pump device intended for white LED backlight applications. To maximize power conversion efficiency, an internal sensing circuit monitors the voltage required on each constant current sink input and sets the load switch and charge pump modes based on the input battery voltage and the current sink input voltage. As the battery discharges over time, the AAT3153 charge pump is enabled when any of the four current sink inputs near dropout. The charge pump initially starts in 1.5X mode. If the charge pump output drops enough for any current source output to become close to dropout, the charge pump will 6 automatically transition to 2X mode. The AAT3153 requires only four external components: two 1µF ceramic capacitors for the charge pump flying capacitors (C1 and C2), one 1µF ceramic input capacitor (CIN), and one 0.33µF to 1µF ceramic charge pump output capacitor (COUT). The six constant current sink inputs (D1 to D6) can drive six individual LEDs with a maximum current of 20mA each. The unused sink inputs must be connected to VOUT, otherwise the part will operate only in 2X charge pump mode. The S2Cwire serial interface enables the AAT3153 and sets the current sink magnitudes. S2Cwire addressing allows independent control of two groups of current sink input: D1-D4 and D5-D6. 3153.2004.10.0.6 AAT3153 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump For White LED Applications Constant Current Output Level Settings The constant current sink levels for D1 to D6 are set via the serial interface. No PWM (pulse width modulation) or additional control circuitry is needed to control LED brightness. This feature greatly reduces the burden on a microcontroller or system IC to manage LED or display brightness, allowing the user to "set it and forget it." With its high-speed serial interface (up to 1MHz data rate), the input sink current of the AAT3153 can be changed successively to brighten or dim LEDs, giving the users real-time control of LED brightness. Because the inputs D1 to D6 are true independent constant current sinks, the voltage observed on any single given input will be determined by the actual forward voltage (VF) for the LED being driven. S2Cwire Serial Interface The current sink input magnitude on the AAT3153 is controlled by AnalogicTech's S2Cwire serial digital input. It relies on the number of rising edges of the EN/SET pin to address and load the registers. S2Cwire latches data or address after the EN/SET pin has been held high for time TLAT. The interface records rising edges of the EN/SET pin and decodes them into 16 different states, as indicated in the Current Setting table. There are four brightness levels for the main or sub-display group with the possibility of individually turning ON or OFF each group. To further optimize power efficiency, the AAT3153 also offers four low-current levels for dim LED operation (data 13-16). During this lowcurrent mode, the internal supply current reduces to only 40µA typical. The counter can be clocked at speeds up to 1MHz, such that intermediate states are not visible. The first rising edge of EN/SET enables the IC and initially sets the output LED current to 20mA. Once the final clock cycle is input for the desired brightness level, the EN/SET pin is held high to maintain the device output current at the programmed level. The device is disabled 500µs (TOFF) after the EN/SET pin transitions to a logic low state. 3153.2004.10.0.6 AAT3153 Current Setting Data Main Group (D1-D4) IOUT (mA) Sub Group (D5-D6) IOUT (mA) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 20 14 10 7 20 14 10 7 0 0 0 0 0.05 0.5 1 2 20 14 10 7 0 0 0 0 20 14 10 7 0.05 0.5 1 2 The EN/SET timing is designed to accommodate a wide range of data rates. After the first rising edge of EN/SET, the charge pump is enabled and reaches full capacity after the soft-start time (TSS). During the soft-start time, multiple clock pulses may be entered on the EN/SET pin to set the final output current level with a single burst of clocks. Alternatively, the EN/SET clock pulses may be entered one at a time to gradually increase the LED brightness over any desired time period. The current outputs remain constant as long as EN/SET remains in a logic high state. The current outputs are switched off after EN/SET has remained in a low state for at least the TOFF timeout period; then, the AAT3153 enters shutdown mode and draws less than 1µA from VIN. Data are reset to 0 during shutdown. 7 AAT3153 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump For White LED Applications S2Cwire Serial Interface Timing tHI tOFF tLO EN/SET Code OFF 1 Auto-Disable Feature The AAT3153 is equipped with an "auto-disable" feature for each LED channel. After the IC is enabled and started up, a test current of 10µA (typical) is forced through each sink channel. The channel will be disabled if the voltage of that particular SINK pin does not drop to certain threshold. This feature is very convenient for disabling an unused channel or during an LED fail short event. 2 3 OFF instances (e.g., in high-luminous-output applications such as photo-flash), it may be necessary to drive high-VF type LEDs. The low-dropout currentsinks in the AAT3153 make it capable of driving LEDs with forward voltages as high as 4.7V at full current from an input supply as low as 3.0V. Outputs can be paralleled to drive high-current LEDs without complication. Device Switching Noise Performance Thermal Protection The AAT3153 has a built-in thermal protection circuit that will shut down the charge pump if the die temperature rises above the thermal limit, as is the case during a short circuit of the VOUT pin. Applications Information The AAT3153 operates at a fixed frequency of approximately 1MHz to control noise and limit harmonics that can interfere with the RF operation of cellular telephone handsets or other communication devices. Back-injected noise appearing on the input pin of the charge pump is 20mV peak-topeak, typically ten times less than inductor-based DC/DC boost converter white LED backlight solutions. The AAT3153 soft-start feature prevents noise transient effects associated with in-rush currents during start up of the charge pump circuit. LED Selection Although the AAT3153 is specifically intended for driving white LEDs, the device can also be used to drive most types of LEDs with forward voltage specifications ranging from 2.0V to 4.7V. LED applications may include main and sub-LCD display backlighting, camera photo-flash applications, color (RGB) LEDs, infrared (IR) diodes for remotes, and other loads benefiting from a controlled output current generated from a varying input voltage. Since the D1 to D6 input current sinks are matched with negligible voltage dependence, the LED brightness will be matched regardless of the specific LED forward voltage (VF) levels. In some 8 Capacitor Selection Careful selection of the four external capacitors CIN, C1, C2, and COUT is important because they will affect turn-on time, output ripple, and transient performance. Optimum performance will be obtained when low Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) (<100mΩ) ceramic capacitors are used. In general, low ESR may be defined as less than 100mΩ. A capacitor value of 1µF for all four capacitors is a good starting point when choosing capacitors. If the LED current sources are only programmed for light current levels, then the capacitor size may be decreased. 3153.2004.10.0.6 AAT3153 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump For White LED Applications Capacitor Characteristics Ceramic Capacitor Materials Ceramic composition capacitors are highly recommended over all other types of capacitors for use with the AAT3153. Ceramic capacitors offer many advantages over their tantalum and aluminum electrolytic counterparts. A ceramic capacitor typically has very low ESR, is lowest cost, has a smaller PCB footprint, and is non-polarized. Low ESR ceramic capacitors help to maximize charge pump transient response. Since ceramic capacitors are non-polarized, they are not prone to incorrect connection damage. Ceramic capacitors less than 0.1µF are typically made from NPO or COG materials. NPO and COG materials typically have tight tolerance and are stable over temperature. Larger capacitor values are typically composed of X7R, X5R, Z5U, or Y5V dielectric materials. Large ceramic capacitors, typically greater than 2.2µF, are often available in lowcost Y5V and Z5U dielectrics, but capacitors greater than 1µF are typically not required for AAT3153 applications. Capacitor area is another contributor to ESR. Capacitors that are physically large will have a lower ESR when compared to an equivalent material smaller capacitor. These larger devices can improve circuit transient response when compared to an equal value capacitor in a smaller package size. Equivalent Series Resistance ESR is an important characteristic to consider when selecting a capacitor. ESR is a resistance internal to a capacitor which is caused by the leads, internal connections, size or area, material composition, and ambient temperature. Capacitor ESR is typically measured in milliohms for ceramic capacitors and can range to more than several ohms for tantalum or aluminum electrolytic capacitors. 3153.2004.10.0.6 Thermal Protection The AAT3153 has a built-in thermal protection circuit that will shut down the charge pump if the die temperature rises above the thermal limit, as is the case during a short circuit of the VOUT pin. 9 AAT3153 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump For White LED Applications Ordering Information Package Marking1 Part Number (Tape and Reel) QFN44-16 0.330 ± 0.050 Pin 1 Identification 13 16 0.650 BSC 1 R0.030Max 4 9 8 4.000 ± 0.050 2.400 ± 0.050 5 2.280 REF Top View 0.0125 ± 0.0125 Bottom View 0.203 ± 0.025 0.900 ± 0.050 4.000 ± 0.050 Pin 1 Dot By Marking 0.450 ± 0.050 0.600 ± 0.050 Package Information Side View All dimensions in millimeters. AnalogicTech cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in an AnalogicTech product. No circuit patent licenses, copyrights, mask work rights, or other intellectual property rights are implied. AnalogicTech reserves the right to make changes to their products or specifications or to discontinue any product or service without notice, and advise customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify, before placing orders, that information being relied on is current and complete. All products are sold subject to the terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgement, including those pertaining to warranty, patent infringement, and limitation of liability. AnalogicTech warrants performance of its semiconductor products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with AnalogicTech’s standard warranty. Testing and other quality control techniques are utilized to the extent AnalogicTech deems necessary to support this warranty. Specific testing of all parameters of each device is not necessarily performed. Advanced Analogic Technologies, Inc. 830 E. Arques Avenue, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 Phone (408) 737-4600 Fax (408) 737-4611 10 3153.2004.10.0.6