EXAR XR16M698

XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
MAY 2008
REV. 1.0.0
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
FEATURES
The XR16M6981 (698), is a 1.62V to 3.63V octal
Universal Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter
(UART). The highly integrated device is designed for
high bandwidth requirement in communication
systems. The global interrupt source register
provides a complete interrupt status indication for all
8 channels to speed up interrupt parsing. Each UART
has its own 16C550 compatible set of configuration
registers, TX and RX FIFOs of 32 bytes, fully
programmable transmit and receive FIFO trigger
levels, automatic RTS/CTS or DTR/DSR hardware
flow control with programmable hysteresis, automatic
software (Xon/Xoff) flow control, RS-485 half-duplex
direction control with programmable turn-around
delay, Intel or Motorola bus interface and sleep mode
with a wake-up indicator.
NOTE: Covered by US patents #5,649,122 and #5,949,787
• 1.62V to 3.63V supply voltage
• Single Interrupt output for all 8 UARTs
• A Global Interrupt Source Register for all 8 UARTs
• 5G “Flat” UART Registers for easier programming
• Simultaneous Initialization of all UART channels
• General Purpose 16-bit Timer/counter
• Sleep Mode with Wake-up Indication
• Highly Integrated Device for Space Saving
• Each UART is independently controlled with:
■
16C550 Compatible 5G Register Set
■
32-byte Transmit and Receive FIFOs
■
Fractional Baud Rate Generator
■
Programmable TX and RX FIFO Trigger Level
APPLICATIONS
■
Automatic RTS/CTS or DTR/DSR Flow Control
• Remote Access Servers
• Ethernet Network to Serial Ports
• Network Management
• Factory Automation and Process Control
• Point-of-Sale Systems
• Multi-port RS-232/RS-422/RS-485 Cards
■
Automatic Xon/Xoff Software Flow Control
■
RS-485 Half-Duplex Direction Control Output
with Selectable Turn-around Delay
■
Infrared (IrDA 1.0) Data Encoder/Decoder
■
Programmable Data Rate with Prescaler
• Up to 15 Mbps Serial Data Rate
• Pin compatible to XR16V698,
XR16V598,
XR16V798 and XR16M598
FIGURE 1. BLOCK DIAGRAM
UART Channel 0
UART
Regs
BRG
RST#
IOR#
IOW#
IR
ENDEC
32 Byte RX FIFO
TX0, RX0, DTR0#,
DSR0#, RTS0#,
CTS0#, CD0#, RI0#
UART Channel 1
A7:A0
D7:D0
32 Byte TX FIFO
TX & RX
Data Bus
Interface
Device
Configuration
Registers
UART Channel 2
UART Channel 3
CS#
UART Channel 4
INT#
UART Channel 5
16/68#
UART Channel 6
16-bit
Timer/Counter
UART Channel 7
Crystal Osc/Buffer
TX7, RX7, DTR7#,
DSR7#, RTS7#,
CTS7#, CD7#, RI7#
XTAL1
XTAL2
TMRCK
Exar Corporation 48720 Kato Road, Fremont CA, 94538 • (510) 668-7000 • FAX (510) 668-7017 • www.exar.com
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
REV. 1.0.0
TX2
DTR2#
RTS2#
RI2#
CD2#
DSR2#
CTS2#
RX2
TX3
DTR3#
RTS3#
RI3#
CD3#
DSR3#
CTS3#
RX3
TX4
DTR4#
RTS4#
RI4#
CD4#
DSR4#
CTS4#
RX4
TX5
DTR5#
RTS5#
RI5#
CD5#
DSR5#
FIGURE 2. PIN OUT OF THE DEVICE
CTS5#
RX5
VCC
GND
TX6
DTR6#
RTS6#
RI6#
CD6#
DSR6#
CTS6#
RX6
TX7
DTR7#
RTS7#
RI7#
CD7#
DSR7#
CTS7#
RX7
INT#
VCC
GND
IOR#
A7
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
VCC
GND
CS#
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
RST#
16/68#
VCC
GND
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
IOW#
TMRCK
ENIR
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
XR16M698
100-QFP
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51
XTAL2
XTAL1
GND
VCC
TX1
DTR1#
RTS1#
RI1#
CD1#
DSR1#
CTS1#
RX1
TX0
DTR0#
RTS0#
RI0#
CD0#
DSR0#
CTS0#
RX0
ORDERING INFORMATION
PART NUMBER
PACKAGE
OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE
DEVICE STATUS
XR16M698IQ100
100-Lead QFP
-40°C to +85°C
Active
2
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
REV. 1.0.0
PIN DESCRIPTIONS
NAME
PIN #
TYPE
DESCRIPTION
Address lines [7:0]. A0:A3 selects individual UART’s 16 configuration registers,
A4:A6 selects UART channel 0 to7, and A7 selects the global device configuration
registers.
DATA BUS INTERFACE
A7:A0
20-27
I
D7:D0
5-12
IO
IOR#
19
I
When 16/68# pin is HIGH, it selects Intel bus interface and this input is read strobe
(active LOW). The falling edge instigates an internal read cycle and retrieves the
data byte from an internal register pointed by the address lines [A7:A0], places it on
the data bus to allow the host processor to read it on the leading edge.
When 16/68# pin is LOW, it selects Motorola bus interface and this input should be
connected to VCC.
IOW#
(R/W#)
13
I
When 16/68# pin is HIGH, it selects Intel bus interface and this input becomes write
strobe (active LOW). The falling edge instigates the internal write cycle and the
leading edge transfers the data byte on the data bus to an internal register pointed
by the address lines.
When 16/68# pin is LOW, it selects Motorola bus interface and this input becomes
read (HIGH) and write (LOW) signal (R/W#).
CS#
30
I
When 16/68# pin is HIGH, this input is chip select (active LOW) to enable the
XR16M698 device.
When 16/68# pin is LOW, this input becomes the read and write strobe (active
LOW) for the Motorola bus interface.
INT#
16
OD
Global interrupt output from XR16M698 (open drain, active LOW). This output
requires an external pull-up resistor (47K-100K ohms) to operate properly. It may be
shared with other devices in the system to form a single interrupt line to the host processor and have the software driver polls each device for the interrupt status.
Data bus lines [7:0] (bidirectional).
MODEM OR SERIAL I/O INTERFACE
TX0
93
O
UART channel 0 Transmit Data or infrared transmit data.
RX0
100
I
UART channel 0 Receive Data or infrared receive data. Normal RXD input idles
HIGH. The infrared pulse can be inverted internally prior to decoding by setting
FCTR bit-4.
RTS0#
95
O
UART channel 0 Request to Send or general purpose output (active LOW). This
port may be used for one of two functions:
1) Auto hardware flow control, see EFR bit-6, MCR bits-1 & 2, FCTR bits 0-3 and
IER bit-6
2) RS-485 half-duplex direction control, see FCTR bit-5, MCR bit-2 and MSR bits 07.
CTS0#
99
I
UART channel 0 Clear to Send or general purpose input (active LOW). It can be
used for auto hardware flow control, see EFR bit-7, MCR bit-2 and IER bit-7.
DTR0#
94
O
UART channel 0 Data Terminal Ready or general purpose output (active LOW). This
port may be used forone of two functions.
1) auto hardware flow control, see EFR bit-6, FCTR bits-0 to 3, MCR bits-0 & 2, and
IER bit-6
2) RS-485 half-duplex direction control, see FCTR bit-5, MCR bit-2 and MSR bits 07.
DSR0#
98
I
UART channel 0 Data Set Ready or general purpose input (active LOW). It can be
used for auto hardware flow control, see EFR bit-7, MCR bit-2 and IER bit-7.
CD0#
97
I
UART channel 0 Carrier Detect or general purpose input (active LOW).
3
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
REV. 1.0.0
NAME
PIN #
TYPE
DESCRIPTION
RI0#
96
I
UART channel 0 Ring Indicator or general purpose input (active LOW).
TX1
85
O
UART channel 1 Transmit Data or infrared transmit data.
RX1
92
I
UART channel 1 Receive Data or infrared receive data. Normal RXD input idles
HIGH. The infrared pulse can be inverted internally prior to decoding by setting
FCTR bit-4.
RTS1#
87
O
UART channel 1 Request to Send or general purpose output (active LOW). See
description of RTS0# pin.
CTS1#
91
I
UART channel 1 Clear to Send or general purpose input (active LOW). See description of CTS0# pin.
DTR1#
86
O
UART channel 1 Data Terminal Ready or general purpose output (active LOW). See
description of DTR0# pin.
DSR1#
90
I
UART channel 1 Data Set Ready or general purpose input (active LOW). See
description of DSR0# pin.
CD1#
89
I
UART channel 1 Carrier Detect or general purpose input (active LOW).
RI1#
88
I
UART channel 1 Ring Indicator or general purpose input (active LOW).
TX2
80
O
UART channel 2 Transmit Data or infrared transmit data.
RX2
73
I
UART channel 2 Receive Data or infrared receive data. Normal RXD input idles
HIGH. The infrared pulse can be inverted internally prior to decoding by setting
FCTR bit-4.
RTS2#
78
O
UART channel 2 Request to Send or general purpose output (active LOW). See
description of RTS0# pin.
CTS2#
74
I
UART channel 2 Clear to Send or general purpose input (active LOW). See description of CTS0# pin.
DTR2#
79
O
UART channel 2 Data Terminal Ready or general purpose output (active LOW). See
description of DTR0# pin.
DSR2#
75
I
UART channel 2 Data Set Ready or general purpose input (active LOWactive LOW).
See description of DSR0# pin.
CD2#
76
I
UART channel 2 Carrier Detect or general purpose input (active LOW).
RI2#
77
I
UART channel 2 Ring Indicator or general purpose input (active LOW).
TX3
72
O
UART channel 3 Transmit Data or infrared transmit data.
RX3
65
I
UART channel 3 Receive Data or infrared receive data. Normal RXD input idles
HIGH. The infrared pulse can be inverted internally prior to decoding by setting
FCTR bit-4.
RTS3#
70
O
UART channel 3 Request to Send or general purpose output (active LOW). See
description of RTS0# pin.
CTS3#
66
I
UART channel 3 Clear to Send or general purpose input (active LOW). See description of CTS0# pin.
DTR3#
71
O
UART channel 3 Data Terminal Ready or general purpose output (active LOW). See
description of DTR0# pin.
DSR3#
67
I
UART channel 3 Data Set Ready or general purpose input (active LOW). See
description of DSR0# pin.
CD3#
68
I
UART channel 3 Carrier Detect or general purpose input (active LOW).
RI3#
69
I
UART channel 3 Ring Indicator or general purpose input (active LOW).
4
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
REV. 1.0.0
NAME
PIN #
TYPE
DESCRIPTION
TX4
64
O
UART channel 4 Transmit Data or infrared transmit data.
RX4
57
I
UART channel 4 Receive Data or infrared receive data. Normal RXD input idles
HIGH. The infrared pulse can be inverted internally prior to decoding by setting
FCTR bit-4.
RTS4#
62
O
UART channel 4 Request to Send or general purpose output (active LOW). See
description of RTS0# pin.
CTS4#
58
I
UART channel 4 Clear to Send or general purpose input (active LOW). See description of CTS0# pin.
DTR4#
63
O
UART channel 4 Data Terminal Ready or general purpose output (active LOW). See
description of DTR0# pin.
DSR4#
59
I
UART channel 4 Data Set Ready or general purpose input (active LOW). See
description of DSR0# pin.
CD4#
60
I
UART channel 4 Carrier Detect or general purpose input (active LOW).
RI4#
61
I
UART channel 4 Ring Indicator or general purpose input (active LOW).
TX5
56
O
UART channel 5 Transmit Data or infrared transmit data.
RX5
49
I
UART channel 5 Receive Data or infrared receive data. Normal RXD input idles
HIGH. The infrared pulse can be inverted internally prior to decoding by setting
FCTR bit-4.
RTS5#
54
O
UART channel 5 Request to Send or general purpose output (active LOW). See
description of RTS0# pin.
CTS5#
50
I
UART channel 5 Clear to Send or general purpose input (active LOW). See description of CTS0# pin.
DTR5#
55
O
UART channel 5 Data Terminal Ready or general purpose output (active LOW). See
description of DTR0# pin.
DSR5#
51
I
UART channel 5 Data Set Ready or general purpose input (active LOW). See
description of DSR0# pin.
CD5#
52
I
UART channel 5 Carrier Detect or general purpose input (active LOW).
RI5#
53
I
UART channel 5 Ring Indicator or general purpose input (active LOW).
TX6
46
O
UART channel 6 Transmit Data or infrared transmit data.
RX6
39
I
UART channel 6 Receive Data or infrared receive data. Normal RXD input idles
HIGH. The infrared pulse can be inverted internally prior to decoding by setting
FCTR bit-4.
RTS6#
44
O
UART channel 6 Request to Send or general purpose output (active LOW). See
description of RTS0# pin.
CTS6#
40
I
UART channel 6 Clear to Send or general purpose input (active LOW). See description of CTS0# pin.
DTR6#
45
O
UART channel 6 Data Terminal Ready or general purpose output (active LOW). See
description of DTR0# pin.
DSR6#
41
I
UART channel 6 Data Set Ready or general purpose input (active LOW). See
description of DSR0# pin.
CD6#
42
I
UART channel 6 Carrier Detect or general purpose input (active LOW).
RI6#
43
I
UART channel 6 Ring Indicator or general purpose input (active LOW).
TX7
38
O
UART channel 7 Transmit Data or infrared transmit data.
5
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
REV. 1.0.0
NAME
PIN #
TYPE
DESCRIPTION
RX7
31
I
UART channel 7 Receive Data or infrared receive data. Normal RXD input idles
HIGH. The infrared pulse can be inverted internally prior to decoding by setting
FCTR bit-4.
RTS7#
36
O
UART channel 7 Request to Send or general purpose output (active LOW). See
description of RTS0# pin.
CTS7#
32
I
UART channel 7 Clear to Send or general purpose input (active LOW). See description of CTS0# pin.
DTR7#
37
O
UART channel 7 Data Terminal Ready or general purpose output (active LOW). See
description of DTR0# pin.
DSR7#
33
I
UART channel 7 Data Set Ready or general purpose input (active LOW). See
description of DSR0# pin.
CD7#
34
I
UART channel 7 Carrier Detect or general purpose input (active LOW).
RI7#
35
I
UART channel 7 Ring Indicator or general purpose input (active LOW).
ANCILLARY SIGNALS
XTAL1
82
I
Crystal or external clock input.
XTAL2
81
O
Crystal or buffered clock output.
TMRCK
14
I
16-bit timer/counter external clock input.
ENIR
15
I
Infrared mode enable (active HIGH). This pin is sampled during power up, following
a hardware reset (RST#) or soft-reset (register RESET). It can be used to start up all
8 UARTs in the infrared mode. The sampled logic state is transferred to MCR bit-6 in
the UART.
RST#
1
I
Reset (active LOW). The XR16M698 does not have a Power-on reset. Therefore, a
hardware reset must be issued using this pin during power-up. The configuration
and UART registers are reset to default values, see Table 19.
16/68#
2
I
Intel or Motorola data bus interface select. The Intel bus interface is selected when
this input is HIGH and the Motorola bus interface is selected when this input is LOW.
This input affects the functionality of IOR#, IOW# and CS# pins.
VCC
3,17,28,48,84
+1.62V to 3.63V supply voltage.
GND
4,18,29,47,83
Power supply common, ground.
NOTE: Pin type: I=Input, O=Output, IO= Input/output, OD=Output Open Drain.
6
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
REV. 1.0.0
1.0 DESCRIPTION
The XR16M698 (698) integrates the functions of 8 enhanced 16550 UARTs, a general purpose 16-bit timer/
counter and an on-chip oscillator. The device configuration registers include a set of four consecutive interrupt
source registers that provides interrupt-status for all 8 UARTs, timer/counter and a sleep wake up indicator.
Each UART channel has its own 16550 UART compatible configuration register set for individual channel
control, status, and data transfer. Additionally, each UART channel has 32-byte of transmit and receive FIFOs,
automatic RTS/CTS or DTR/DSR hardware flow control with hysteresis control, automatic Xon/Xoff and special
character software flow control, programmable transmit and receive FIFO trigger levels, infrared encoder and
decoder (IrDA ver. 1.0), programmable baud rate generator with a prescaler of divide by 1 or 4, and data rate
up to 15Mbps. The XR16M598 is a 1.62V-3.63V device.
TABLE 1: MAX DATA RATES
VOLTAGE
16X SAMPLING
RATE
8X SAMPLING
RATE
4X SAMPLING
RATE
3.3V
3.75 Mbps
7.5 Mbps
15 Mbps
2.5V
2.5 Mbps
5 Mbps
10 Mbps
1.8V
0.9375 Mbps
1.875 Mbps
3.75 Mbps
2.0 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTIONS
2.1
2.1.1
Device Reset
Hardware Reset
The RST# input resets the internal registers and the serial interface outputs in all 8 channels to their default
state (see Table 19). A LOW pulse of longer than 40 ns duration will be required to activate the reset function
in the device.
2.1.2
Software Reset
The internal registers of each UART can be reset by writing to the RESET register in the Device Configuration
Registers. For more details, see the RESET register description on page 30.
2.2
UART Channel Selection
A LOW on the chip select pin, CS#, allows the user to select one of the UART channels to configure, send
transmit data and/or unload receive data to/from the UART. When address line A7 = 0, address lines A6:A4
are used to select one of the eight channels. See Table 2 below for UART channel selection.
TABLE 2: UART CHANNEL SELECTION
A7
A6
A5
A4
FUNCTION
0
0
0
0
Channel 0 Selected
0
0
0
1
Channel 1 Selected
0
0
1
0
Channel 2 Selected
0
0
1
1
Channel 3 Selected
0
1
0
0
Channel 4 Selected
0
1
0
1
Channel 5 Selected
0
1
1
0
Channel 6 Selected
0
1
1
1
Channel 7 Selected
7
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
2.3
REV. 1.0.0
Simultaneous Write to All Channels
During a write cycle, the setting of the Device Configuration register REGB (See Table 9) bit-0 to a logic 1 will
override the channel selection of address A6:A4 and allow a simultaneous write to all 8 UART channels when
any channel is written to. This functional capability allow the registers in all 8 UART channels to be modified
concurrently, saving individual channel initialization time. Caution should be considered, however, when using
this capability. Any in-process serial data transfer may be disrupted by changing an active channel’s mode.
2.4
INT# Ouput
The INT# interrupt output changes according to the operating mode and enhanced features setup. Table 3
and 4 summarize the operating behavior for the transmitter and receiver.
TABLE 3: INT# PIN OPERATION FOR TRANSMITTER
Auto RS-485
Mode
FCR BIT-0 = 0
(FIFO DISABLED)
FCR BIT-0 = 1
(FIFO ENABLED)
NO
HIGH = a byte in THR
LOW = THR empty
HIGH = FIFO above trigger level
LOW = FIFO below trigger level or FIFO empty
YES
HIGH = a byte in THR
HIGH = FIFO above trigger level
LOW = transmitter empty LOW = FIFO below trigger level or transmitter empty
TABLE 4: INT# PIN OPERATION FOR RECEIVER
FCR BIT-0 = 0
(FIFO DISABLED)
HIGH = no data
LOW = 1 byte
FCR BIT-0 = 1
(FIFO ENABLED)
HIGH = FIFO below trigger level
LOW = FIFO above trigger level
8
XR16M698
REV. 1.0.0
2.5
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
Crystal Oscillator
The 698 includes an on-chip oscillator. The crystal oscillator provides the system clock to the Baud Rate
Generators (BRG) in each of the 8 UARTs, the 16-bit general purpose timer/counter and internal logics. XTAL1
is the input to the oscillator or external clock buffer input with XTAL2 pin being the output. For programming
details, see “Section 2.6, Programmable Baud Rate Generator with Fractional Divisor” on page 9.
The on-chip oscillator is designed to use an industry standard microprocessor crystal (parallel resonant,
fundamental frequency with 10-22 pF capacitance load, ESR of 20-120 ohms and 100ppm frequency
tolerance) connected externally between the XTAL1 and XTAL2 pins (see Figure 3). Alternatively, an external
clock can be connected to the XTAL1 pin to clock the internal 8 baud rate generators for standard or custom
rates. The typical oscillator connections are shown in Figure 3. For further reading on oscillator circuit please
see application note DAN108 on EXAR’s web site.
FIGURE 3. TYPICAL OSCILLATOR CONNECTIONS
R=300K to 400K
XTAL2
XTAL1
24 MHz
C2
22-47pF
C1
22-47pF
2.6
Programmable Baud Rate Generator with Fractional Divisor
Each UART has its own Baud Rate Generator (BRG) with a prescaler for the transmitter and receiver. The
prescaler is controlled by a software bit in the MCR register. The MCR register bit-7 sets the prescaler to divide
the input crystal or external clock by 1 or 4. The output of the prescaler clocks to the BRG. The BRG further
divides this clock by a programmable divisor between 1 and (216 - 0.0625) in increments of 0.0625 (1/16) to
obtain a 16X or 8X or 4X sampling clock of the serial data rate. The sampling clock is used by the transmitter
for data bit shifting and receiver for data sampling. The BRG divisor (DLL, DLM and DLD registers) defaults to
the value of ’1’ (DLL = 0x01, DLM = 0x00 and DLD = 0x00) upon reset. Therefore, the BRG must be
programmed during initialization to the operating data rate. The DLL and DLM registers provide the integer part
of the divisor and the DLD register provides the fractional part of the dvisior. Only the four lower bits of the DLD
are implemented and they are used to select a value from 0 (for setting 0000) to 0.9375 or 15/16 (for setting
1111). Programming the Baud Rate Generator Registers DLL, DLM and DLD provides the capability for
selecting the operating data rate. Table 5 shows the standard data rates available with a 24MHz crystal or
external clock at 16X clock rate. If the pre-scaler is used (MCR bit-7 = 1), the output data rate will be 4 times
less than that shown in Table 5. At 8X sampling rate, these data rates would double. Also, when using 8X
sampling mode, please note that the bit-time will have a jitter (+/- 1/16) whenever the DLD is non-zero and is
an odd number. At 4X sampling rate, these data rates would quadruple. When using a non-standard data rate
crystal or external clock, the divisor value can be calculated with the following equation(s):
9
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
REV. 1.0.0
8XMODE [7:0] = 0X00
4XMODE [7:0] = 0X00
Required Divisor (decimal) = (XTAL1 clock frequency / prescaler) / (serial data rate x 16)
8XMODE [7:0] = 0XFF
4XMODE [7:0] = 0X00
Required Divisor (decimal) = (XTAL1 clock frequency / prescaler / (serial data rate x 8)
8XMODE [7:0] = 0X00
4XMODE [7:0] = 0XFF
Required Divisor (decimal) = (XTAL1 clock frequency / prescaler / (serial data rate x 4)
8XMODE [7:0] = 0XFF
4XMODE [7:0] = 0XFF
Reserved.
The closest divisor that is obtainable in the 698 can be calculated using the following formula:
ROUND( (Required Divisor - TRUNC(Required Divisor) )*16)/16 + TRUNC(Required Divisor), where
DLM = TRUNC(Required Divisor) >> 8
DLL = TRUNC(Required Divisor) & 0xFF
DLD = ROUND( (Required Divisor-TRUNC(Required Divisor) )*16)
In the formulas above, please note that:
TRUNC (N) = Integer Part of N. For example, TRUNC (5.6) = 5.
ROUND (N) = N rounded towards the closest integer. For example, ROUND (7.3) = 7 and ROUND (9.9) = 10.
A >> B indicates right shifting the value ’A’ by ’B’ number of bits. For example, 0x78A3 >> 8 = 0x0078.
FIGURE 4. BAUD RATE GENERATOR
To Other
Channels
DLL, DLM and DLD
Registers
Prescaler
Divide by 1
XTAL1
XTAL2
MCR Bit-7=0
(default)
Crystal
Osc/
Buffer
Fractional Baud
Rate Generator
Logic
Prescaler
Divide by 4
MCR Bit-7=1
10
16X or 8X or 4X
Sampling
Rate Clock
to Transmitter
and Receiver
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
REV. 1.0.0
TABLE 5: TYPICAL DATA RATES WITH A 24 MHZ CRYSTAL OR EXTERNAL CLOCK AT 16X SAMPLING
Required
Output Data
Rate
DIVISOR FOR 16x
Clock
(Decimal)
DIVISOR
OBTAINABLE IN
698
DLM PROGRAM
VALUE (HEX)
DLL PROGRAM
VALUE (HEX)
DLD PROGRAM
VALUE (HEX))
DATA ERROR
RATE (%)
400
3750
3750
E
A6
0
0
2400
625
625
2
71
0
0
4800
312.5
312 8/16
1
38
8
0
9600
156.25
156 4/16
0
9C
4
0
10000
150
150
0
96
0
0
19200
78.125
78 2/16
0
4E
2
0
25000
60
60
0
3C
0
0
28800
52.0833
52 1/16
0
34
1
0.04
38400
39.0625
39 1/16
0
27
1
0
50000
30
30
0
1E
0
0
57600
26.0417
26 1/16
0
1A
1
0.08
75000
20
20
0
14
0
0
100000
15
15
0
F
0
0
115200
13.0208
13
0
D
0
0.16
153600
9.7656
9 12/16
0
9
C
0.16
200000
7.5
7 8/16
0
7
8
0
225000
6.6667
6 11/16
0
6
B
0.31
230400
6.5104
6 8/16
0
6
8
0.16
250000
6
6
0
6
0
0
300000
5
5
0
5
0
0
400000
3.75
3 12/16
0
3
C
0
460800
3.2552
3 4/16
0
3
4
0.16
500000
3
3
0
3
0
0
750000
2
2
0
2
0
0
921600
1.6276
1 10/16
0
1
A
0.16
1000000
1.5
1 8/16
0
1
8
0
2.7
Transmitter
The transmitter section comprises of an 8-bit Transmit Shift Register (TSR) and 32 bytes of FIFO which
includes a byte-wide Transmit Holding Register (THR). TSR shifts out every data bit with the 16X or 8X or 4X (if
8X or 4X sampling is selected via the 8XMODE Register or 4XMODE Register) internal clock. A bit time is 16
(or 8 or 4) clock periods. The transmitter sends the start-bit followed by the number of data bits, inserts the
proper parity-bit if enabled, and adds the stop-bit(s). The status of the FIFO and TSR are reported in the Line
Status Register (LSR bit-5 and bit-6).
11
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
2.7.1
REV. 1.0.0
Transmit Holding Register (THR) - Write Only
The transmit holding register is an 8-bit register providing a data interface to the host processor. The host
writes transmit data byte to the THR to be converted into a serial data stream including start-bit, data bits,
parity-bit and stop-bit(s). The least-significant-bit (Bit-0) becomes first data bit to go out. The THR is the input
register to the transmit FIFO of 32 bytes when FIFO operation is enabled by FCR bit-0. Every time a write
operation is made to the THR, the FIFO data pointer is automatically bumped to the next sequential data
location.
2.7.2
Transmitter Operation in non-FIFO Mode
The host loads transmit data to THR one character at a time. The THR empty flag (LSR bit-5) is set when the
data byte is transferred to TSR. THR flag can generate a transmit empty interrupt (ISR bit-1) when it is enabled
by IER bit-1. The TSR flag (LSR bit-6) is set when TSR becomes completely empty.
FIGURE 5. TRANSMITTER OPERATION IN NON-FIFO MODE
Transmit
Holding
Register
(THR)
Data
Byte
THR Interrupt (ISR bit-1)
Enabled by IER bit-1
16X or 8X or 4X Clock
Transmit Shift Register (TSR)
M
S
B
L
S
B
TXNOFIFO1
12
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
REV. 1.0.0
2.7.3
Transmitter Operation in FIFO Mode
The host may fill the transmit FIFO with up to 32 bytes of transmit data. The THR empty flag (LSR bit-5) is set
whenever the FIFO is empty. The THR empty flag can generate a transmit empty interrupt (ISR bit-1) when the
amount of data in the FIFO falls below its programmed trigger level. The transmit empty interrupt is enabled by
IER bit-1. The TSR flag (LSR bit-6) is set when TSR/FIFO becomes empty.
FIGURE 6. TRANSMITTER OPERATION IN FIFO AND FLOW CONTROL MODE
Transmit
Data Byte
Transmit
FIFO
THR Interrupt (ISR bit-1) falls
below the programmed Trigger
Level and then when becomes
empty. FIFO is Enabled by FCR
bit-0=1
Auto CTS Flow Control (CTS# pin)
Flow Control Characters
(Xoff1/2 and Xon1/2 Reg.)
Auto Software Flow Control
16X or 8X or 4X Clock
2.8
Transmit Data Shift Register
(TSR)
Receiver
The receiver section contains an 8-bit Receive Shift Register (RSR) and 32 bytes of FIFO which includes a
byte-wide Receive Holding Register (RHR). The RSR uses the 16X (or the 8X or the 4X) clock for timing. It
verifies and validates every bit on the incoming character in the middle of each data bit. On the falling edge of
a start or false start bit, an internal receiver counter starts counting the number of 16X (or 8X or 4X) clocks.
After 8 (or 4 or 2) clocks the start bit period should be at the center of the start bit. At this time the start bit is
sampled and if it is still a logic 0 it is validated. Evaluating the start bit in this manner prevents the receiver from
assembling a false character. The rest of the data bits and stop bits are sampled and validated in this same
manner to prevent false framing. If there were any error(s), they are reported in the LSR register bits 2-4. Upon
unloading the receive data byte from RHR, the receive FIFO pointer is bumped and the error tags are
immediately updated to reflect the status of the data byte in RHR register. RHR can generate a receive data
ready interrupt upon receiving a character or delay until it reaches the FIFO trigger level. Furthermore, data
delivery to the host is guaranteed by a receive data ready time-out interrupt when data is not received for 4
word lengths as defined by LCR[1:0] plus 12 bits time. This is equivalent to 3.7-4.6 character times. The RHR
interrupt is enabled by IER bit-0.
2.8.1
Receive Holding Register (RHR) - Read-Only
The Receive Holding Register is an 8-bit register that holds a receive data byte from the Receive Shift
Register. It provides the receive data interface to the host processor. The RHR register is part of the receive
FIFO of 32 bytes by 11-bits wide, the 3 extra bits are for the 3 error tags to be reported in LSR register. When
the FIFO is enabled by FCR bit-0, the RHR contains the first data character received by the FIFO. After the
RHR is read, the next character byte is loaded into the RHR and the errors associated with the current data
byte are immediately updated in the LSR bits 2-4.
13
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
REV. 1.0.0
FIGURE 7. RECEIVER OPERATION IN NON-FIFO MODE
16X or 8X or 4X Clock
Receive
Data Byte
and Errors
Receive Data Shift
Register (RSR)
Error
Tags in
LSR bits
4:2
Receive Data
Holding Register
(RHR)
Data Bit
Validation
Receive Data Characters
RHR Interrupt (ISR bit-2)
RXFIFO1
FIGURE 8. RECEIVER OPERATION IN FIFO AND AUTO RTS FLOW CONTROL MODE
16X or 8X or 4X Clock
Receive Data Shift
Register (RSR)
Data Bit
Validation
Example:
32 bytes by 11-bit
wide
FIFO
Error Tags
(64-sets)
Data falls to 8
Receive
Data FIFO
FIFO Trigger=16
Receive Data
Byte and Errors
Error Tags in
LSR bits 4:2
Data fills to 24
Receive Data Characters
- RX FIFO trigger level selected at 16 bytes
(See Note Below)
RTS# re-asserts when data falls below the flow
control trigger level to restart remote transmitter.
Enable by EFR bit-6=1, MCR bit-1.
RHR Interrupt (ISR bit-2) programmed for
desired FIFO trigger level.
FIFO is Enabled by FCR bit-0=1
RTS# de-asserts when data fills above the flow
control trigger level to suspend remote transmitter.
Enable by EFR bit-6=1, MCR bit-1.
Receive
Data
RXFIFO1
2.9
THR and RHR Register Locations
The THR and RHR register addresses for channel 0 to channel 7 are shown in Table 6 below. The THR and
RHR for channels 0 to 7 are located at address 0x00, 0x10, 0x20, 0x30, 0x40, 0x50, 0x60 and 0x70
respectively. Transmit data byte is loaded to the THR when writing to that address and receive data is
unloaded from the RHR register when reading that address. Both THR and RHR registers are 16C550
compatible in 8-bit format, so each bus operation can only write or read in bytes.
14
XR16M698
REV. 1.0.0
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
.
TABLE 6: TRANSMIT AND RECEIVE HOLDING REGISTER LOCATIONS, 16C550 COMPATIBLE
THR and RHR Address Locations For CH0 to CH7 (16C550 Compatible)
CH0 0x00 Write THR
Bit-7
Bit-6
Bit-5
Bit-4
Bit-3
Bit-2
Bit-1
Bit-0
CH0 0x00 Read RHR
Bit-7
Bit-6
Bit-5
Bit-4
Bit-3
Bit-2
Bit-1
Bit-0
CH1 0x10 Write THR
Bit-7
Bit-6
Bit-5
Bit-4
Bit-3
Bit-2
Bit-1
Bit-0
CH1 0x10 Read RHR
Bit-7
Bit-6
Bit-5
Bit-4
Bit-3
Bit-2
Bit-1
Bit-0
CH2 0x20 Write THR
Bit-7
Bit-6
Bit-5
Bit-4
Bit-3
Bit-2
Bit-1
Bit-0
CH2 0x20 Read RHR
Bit-7
Bit-6
Bit-5
Bit-4
Bit-3
Bit-2
Bit-1
Bit-0
CH3 0x30 Write THR
Bit-7
Bit-6
Bit-5
Bit-4
Bit-3
Bit-2
Bit-1
Bit-0
CH3 0x30 Read RHR
Bit-7
Bit-6
Bit-5
Bit-4
Bit-3
Bit-2
Bit-1
Bit-0
CH4 0x40 Write THR
Bit-7
Bit-6
Bit-5
Bit-4
Bit-3
Bit-2
Bit-1
Bit-0
CH4 0x40 Read RHR
Bit-7
Bit-6
Bit-5
Bit-4
Bit-3
Bit-2
Bit-1
Bit-0
CH5 0x50 Write THR
Bit-7
Bit-6
Bit-5
Bit-4
Bit-3
Bit-2
Bit-1
Bit-0
CH5 0x50 Read RHR
Bit-7
Bit-6
Bit-5
Bit-4
Bit-3
Bit-2
Bit-1
Bit-0
CH6 0x60 Write THR
Bit-7
Bit-6
Bit-5
Bit-4
Bit-3
Bit-2
Bit-1
Bit-0
CH6 0x60 Read RHR
Bit-7
Bit-6
Bit-5
Bit-4
Bit-3
Bit-2
Bit-1
Bit-0
CH7 0x70 Write THR
Bit-7
Bit-6
Bit-5
Bit-4
Bit-3
Bit-2
Bit-1
Bit-0
CH7 0x70 Read RHR
Bit-7
Bit-6
Bit-5
Bit-4
Bit-3
Bit-2
Bit-1
Bit-0
THRRHR1
2.10
Auto RTS/DTR Hardware Flow Control Operation
Automatic RTS/DTR flow control is used to prevent data overrun to the local receiver FIFO. The RTS#/DTR#
output pin is used to request remote unit to suspend/resume data transmission. The flow control features are
individually selected to fit specific application requirement (see Figure 9):
• Select RTS (and CTS) or DTR (and DSR) through MCR bit-2.
• Enable auto RTS/DTR flow control using EFR bit-6.
• The auto RTS or auto DTR function must be started by asserting the RTS# or DTR# output pin (MCR bit-1 or
bit-0 to a logic 1, respectively) after it is enabled.
With the Auto RTS function enabled, the RTS# output pin will not be de-asserted (HIGH) when the receive
FIFO reaches the programmed trigger level, but will be de-asserted when the FIFO reaches the next trigger
level (See Table 15). The RTS# output pin will be asserted (LOW) again after the FIFO is unloaded to the next
trigger level below the programmed trigger level.
However, even under these conditions, the 698 will continue to accept data until the receive FIFO is full if the
remote UART transmitter continues to send data.
• If used, enable RTS/DTR interrupt through IER bit-6 (after setting EFR bit-4). The UART issues an interrupt
when the RTS#/DTR# pin makes a transition: ISR bit-5 will be set to 1.
15
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
2.10.1
REV. 1.0.0
Auto CTS/DSR Flow Control
Automatic CTS/DSR flow control is used to prevent data overrun to the remote receiver FIFO. The CTS/DSR
pin is monitored to suspend/restart local transmitter. The flow control features are individually selected to fit
specific application requirement (see Figure 9):
• Select CTS (and RTS) or DSR (and DTR) through MCR bit-2.
• Enable auto CTS/DSR flow control using EFR bit-7.
With the Auto CTS or Auto DTR function enabled, the UART will suspend transmission as soon as the stop bit
of the character in the Transmit Shift Register has been shifted out. Transmission is resumed after the CTS#/
DTR# input is re-asserted (LOW), indicating more data may be sent.
• If used, enable CTS/DSR interrupt through IER bit-7 (after setting EFR bit-4). The UART issues an interrupt
when the CTS#/DSR# pin makes a transition: ISR bit-5 will be set to a logic 1, and UART will suspend TX
transmissions as soon as the stop bit of the character in process is shifted out. Transmission is resumed
after the CTS#/DSR# input returns LOW, indicating more data may be sent.
16
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
REV. 1.0.0
FIGURE 9. AUTO RTS/DTR AND CTS/DSR FLOW CONTROL OPERATION
Local UART
UARTA
Remote UART
UARTB
RXA
Receiver FIFO
Trigger Reached
RTSA#
Auto RTS
Trigger Level
Receiver FIFO
Trigger Reached
RTSB#
Assert RTS# to Begin
Transmission
1
ON
Auto RTS
Trigger Level
10
OFF
ON
7
2
CTSB#
Auto CTS
Monitor
RXB
CTSA#
Auto CTS
Monitor
Transmitter
CTSB#
TXA
Transmitter
RTSA#
TXB
ON
3
8
OFF
6
Suspend
11
ON
TXB
Data Starts
4
Restart
9
RXA FIFO
INTA
(RXA FIFO
Interrupt)
Receive
RX FIFO
Data
Trigger Level
5
RTS High
Threshold
RTS Low
Threshold
12
RX FIFO
Trigger Level
RTSCTS1
The local UART (UARTA) starts data transfer by asserting RTSA# (1). RTSA# is normally connected to CTSB# (2) of
remote UART (UARTB). CTSB# allows its transmitter to send data (3). TXB data arrives and fills UARTA receive FIFO
(4). When RXA data fills up to its receive FIFO trigger level, UARTA activates its RXA data ready interrupt (5) and continues to receive and put data into its FIFO. If interrupt service latency is long and data is not being unloaded, UARTA
monitors its receive data fill level to match the upper threshold of RTS delay and de-assert RTSA# (6). CTSB# follows
(7) and request UARTB transmitter to suspend data transfer. UARTB stops or finishes sending the data bits in its transmit shift register (8). When receive FIFO data in UARTA is unloaded to match the lower threshold of RTS delay (9),
UARTA re-asserts RTSA# (10), CTSB# recognizes the change (11) and restarts its transmitter and data flow again until
next receive FIFO trigger (12). This same event applies to the reverse direction when UARTA sends data to UARTB
with RTSB# and CTSA# controlling the data flow.
17
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
2.11
REV. 1.0.0
Auto Xon/Xoff (Software) Flow Control
When software flow control is enabled (See Table 18), the 698 compares one or two sequential receive data
characters with the programmed Xon-1,2 or Xoff-1,2 character value(s). If receive character(s) (RX) match the
programmed Xoff-1,2 value(s), the 698 will halt transmission (TX) as soon as the current character has
completed transmission. When a match occurs, the Xoff (if enabled via IER bit-5) flag will be set and the
interrupt output pin will be activated. Following a suspension due to a match of the Xoff character(s), the 698
will monitor the receive data stream for a match to the Xon-1,2 character(s). If a match is found, the 698 will
resume operation and clear the flags (ISR bit-4).
Reset initially sets the contents of the Xon1, Xon2, Xoff1 and Xoff2 flow control registers to ’0’. Following reset,
any desired Xon/Xoff value can be used for software flow control. Different conditions can be set to detect Xon/
Xoff characters (See Table 18) and suspend/resume transmissions. When double 8-bit Xon/Xoff characters
are selected, the 698 compares two consecutive receive characters with two software flow control 8-bit values
(Xon1, Xon2, Xoff1, Xoff2) and controls TX transmissions accordingly. Under the above described flow control
mechanisms, flow control characters are not placed (stacked) in the user accessible RX data buffer or FIFO.
In the event that the receive buffer is overfilling and flow control needs to be executed, the 698 automatically
sends an Xoff message (when enabled) via the serial TX output to the remote modem. The 698 sends the Xoff1,2 characters two character times (= time taken to send two characters at the programmed baud rate) after
the receive FIFO crosses the programmed trigger level. To clear this condition, the 698 will transmit the
programmed Xon-1,2 characters as soon as receive FIFO is less than one trigger level below the programmed
trigger level. Table 7 below explains this.
TABLE 7: AUTO XON/XOFF (SOFTWARE) FLOW CONTROL
RX TRIGGER LEVEL
INT PIN ACTIVATION
XOFF CHARACTER(S) SENT
(CHARACTERS IN RX FIFO)
XON CHARACTER(S) SENT
(CHARACTERS IN RX FIFO)
8
8
8*
0
16
16
16*
8
24
24
24*
16
28
28
28*
24
* After the trigger level is reached, an xoff character is sent after a short span of time (= time required to send 2 characters);
for example, after 2.083ms has elapsed for 9600 baud and 10-bit word length setting.
2.12
Special Character Detect
A special character detect feature is provided to detect an 8-bit character when bit-5 is set in the Enhanced
Feature Register (EFR). When this character (Xoff2) is detected, it will be placed in the FIFO along with normal
incoming RX data. The 698 compares each incoming receive character with Xoff-2 data. If a match exists, the
received data will be transferred to FIFO and ISR bit-4 will be set to indicate detection of special character.
Although the Internal Register Table shows Xon, Xoff Registers with 8 bits of character information, the actual
number of bits is dependent on the programmed word length. Line Control Register (LCR) bits 0-1 defines the
number of character bits, i.e., either 5 bits, 6 bits, 7 bits, or 8 bits. The word length selected by LCR bits 0-1
also determines the number of bits that will be used for the special character comparison. Bit-0 in the Xon, Xoff
Registers corresponds to the LSB bit for the receive character.
18
XR16M698
REV. 1.0.0
2.13
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
Auto RS-485 Half-duplex Control
The auto RS-485 half-duplex direction control changes the behavior of the transmitter when enabled by FCTR
bit-5. It also changes the behavior of the transmit empty interrupt (see Table 3). It asserts RTS# or DTR#
(LOW) after a specified delay indicated in MSR[7:4] following the last stop bit of the last character that has
been transmitted. This helps in turning around the transceiver to receive the remote station’s response. The
delay optimizes the time needed for the last transmission to reach the farthest station on a long cable network
before switching off the line driver. This delay prevents undesirable line signal disturbance that causes signal
degradation. When the host is ready to transmit next polling data packet again, it only has to load data bytes to
the transmit FIFO. The transmitter automatically de-asserts RTS# or DTR# output (HIGH) prior to sending the
data. The auto RS-485 half-duplex direction control also changes the transmitter empty interrupt to TSR empty
instead of THR empty.
2.13.1
Normal Multidrop Mode
Normal multidrop mode is enabled when MSR bit-0 = 1 and EFR bit-5 = 0 (Special Character Detect disabled).
The receiver is set to Force Parity 0 (LCR[5:3] = ’111’) in order to detect address bytes.
With the receiver initially disabled, it ignores all the data bytes (parity bit = 0) until an address byte is received
(parity bit = 1). This address byte will cause the UART to set the parity error. The UART will generate an LSR
interrupt and place the address byte in the RX FIFO. The software then examines the byte and enables the
receiver if the address matches its slave address, otherwise, it does not enable the receiver.
If the receiver has been enabled, the receiver will receive the subsequent data. If an address byte is received,
it will generate an LSR interrupt. The software again examines the byte and if the address matches its slave
address, it does not have to anything. If the address does not match its slave address, then the receiver
should be disabled.
2.13.2
Auto Address Detection
Auto address detection mode is enabled when MSR bit-0 = 1 and EFR bit-5 = 1. The desired slave address
will need to be written into the XOFF2 register. The receiver will try to detect an address byte that matches the
porgrammed character in the XOFF2 register. If the received byte is a data byte or an address byte that does
not match the programmed character in the XOFF2 register, the receiver will discard these data. Upon
receiving an address byte that matches the XOFF2 character, the receiver will be automatically enabled if not
already enabled, and the address character is pushed into the RX FIFO along with the parity bit (in place of the
parity error bit). The receiver also generates an LSR interrupt. The receiver will then receive the subsequent
data. If another address byte is received and this address does not match the programmed XOFF2 character,
then the receiver will automatically be disabled and the address byte is ignored. If the address byte matches
XOFF2, the receiver will put this byte in the RX FIFO along with the parity bit in the parity error bit.
19
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
2.14
REV. 1.0.0
Infrared Mode
Each UART in the 698 includes the infrared encoder and decoder compatible to the IrDA (Infrared Data
Association) version 1.0. The input pin ENIR conveniently activates all 8 UART channels to start up in the
infrared mode. Note that the ENIR pin is sampled when the RST# input is de-asserted. This global control pin
enables the MCR bit-6 function in every UART channel register. After power up or a reset, the software can
overwrite MCR bit-6 if so desired. ENIR and MCR bit-6 also disable the receiver while the transmitter is
sending data. This prevents echoed data from reaching the receiver. The global activation ENIR pin prevents
the infrared emitter from turning on and drawing large amount of current while the system is starting up. When
the infrared feature is enabled, the transmit data outputs, TX[7:0], would idle at logic zero level. Likewise, the
RX [7:0] inputs assume an idle level of logic zero.
The infrared encoder sends out a 3/16 of a bit wide HIGH-pulse for each “0” bit in the transmit data stream.
This signal encoding reduces the on-time of the infrared LED, hence reduces the power consumption. See
Figure 10 below.
The infrared decoder receives the input pulse from the infrared sensing diode on RX pin. Each time it senses a
light pulse, it returns a logic zero to the data bit stream. The decoder also accepts (when FCTR bit-4 = 1) an
inverted IR-encoded input signal. This option supports active LOW instead of normal active HIGH pulse from
some infrared modules on the market.
FIGURE 10. INFRARED TRANSMIT DATA ENCODING AND RECEIVE DATA DECODING
Character
TX Data
0
1
0
1
0
Stop
Start
Data Bits
1
0
1
1
0
Transmit
IR Pulse
(TX Pin)
1/2 Bit Time
Bit Time
3/16 Bit Time
IrEncoder-1
Receive
IR Pulse
(RX pin)
Bit Time
1/16 Clock Delay
1
0
1
0
0
Data Bits
1 1
0
1
Stop
0
Start
RX Data
Character
IRdecoder-
20
XR16M698
REV. 1.0.0
2.15
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
Sleep Mode with Auto Wake-Up
The 698 supports low voltage system designs, hence, a sleep mode is included to reduce its power
consumption when the chip is not actively used.
All of these conditions must be satisfied for the 698 to enter sleep mode:
■
■
■
■
no interrupts pending for all 8 channels of the 698 (ISR bit-0 = 1)
SLEEP register = 0xFF
modem inputs are not toggling (MSR bits 0-3 = 0)
RX input pin of all 8 channels are idling HIGH
The 698 stops its crystal oscillator to conserve power in the sleep mode. User can check the XTAL2 pin for no
clock output as an indication that the device has entered the sleep mode.
The 698 resumes normal operation by any of the following:
■
■
■
a receive data start bit transition (HIGH to LOW)
a data byte is loaded to the transmitter, THR or FIFO
a change of logic state on any of the modem or general purpose serial inputs: CTS#, DSR#, CD#, RI#
If the 698 is awakened by any one of the above conditions, it will generate an interrupt. If the interrupt for the
event that woke up the 698 is not enabled, then a special wake-up interrupt occurs where reading the interrupt
status register will return a "no interrupt" indication. For example, there is a change of state on the CTS# input
that wakes up the 698, but the MSR interrupt is not enabled. Reading the interrupt status register will return a
value indicating that there are no pending interrupts and will clear the wake-up interrupt.
The 698 will return to the sleep mode automatically after all interrupting conditions have been serviced and
cleared. If the 698 is awakened by the modem inputs, a read to the MSR is required to reset the modem inputs.
In any case, the sleep mode will not be entered while an interrupt is pending in any channel. The 698 will stay
in the sleep mode of operation until it is disabled by setting SLEEP = 0x00.
A word of caution: owing to the starting up delay of the crystal oscillator after waking up from sleep mode, the
first few receive characters may be lost. The number of characters lost during the restart also depends on your
operating data rate. More characters are lost when operating at higher data rate.
21
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
2.16
REV. 1.0.0
Internal Loopback
Each UART channel provides an internal loopback capability for system diagnostic purposes. The internal
loopback mode is enabled by setting MCR register bit-4 to logic 1. All regular UART functions operate normally.
Figure 11 shows how the modem port signals are re-configured. Transmit data from the transmit shift register
output is internally routed to the receive shift register input allowing the system to receive the same data that it
was sending. The TX pin is held at HIGH or mark condition while RTS# and DTR# are de-asserted (HIGH),
and CTS#, DSR# CD# and RI# inputs are ignored.
FIGURE 11. INTERNAL LOOP BACK
VCC
TX [7:0]
Transmit Shift
Register
Receive Shift
Register
RX [7:0]
VCC
RTS# [7:0]
RTS#
Modem / General Purpose Control
Logic
Internal Bus Lines and Control Signals
MCR bit-4=1
CTS#
CTS# [7:0]
VCC
DTR#
DSR#
DTR# [7:0]
DSR# [7:0]
OP1#
RI#
OP2#
CD#
22
RI# [7:0]
CD# [7:0]
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
REV. 1.0.0
3.0
XR16M698 REGISTERS
The XR16M698 octal UART register set consists of the Device Configuration Registers that are accessible
directly from the data bus for programming general operating conditions of the UARTs and monitoring the
status of various functions. These functions include all 8 channel UART’s interrupt control and status, 16-bit
general purpose timer control and status, sleep mode, soft-reset, and device identification and revision. Also,
each UART channel has its own set of internal UART Configuration Registers for its own operation control,
status reporting and data transfer. These registers are mapped into a 256-byte of the data memory address
space. The following paragraphs describe all the registers in detail.
FIGURE 12. THE XR16M698 REGISTERS
0x00-0F
Channel 0
0x10-1F
Channel 1
0x20-2F
Channel 2
0x30-3F
Channel 3
8-bit Data
Bus
Interface
0x40-4F
Channel 4
UART[7:0] Configuration
Registers
16550 Compatible and EXAR
Enhanced Registers
0x50-5F
Channel 5
0x60-6F
Channel 6
0x70-7F
Channel 7
INT0, INT1, INT2,
INT3, TIMER,
SLEEP, RESET
0x80-8F
Device Configuration Registers
8 channel Interrupts,
16-bit Timer/Counter,
Sleep, Reset, DVID, DREV
698REGS-1
23
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
3.1
REV. 1.0.0
DEVICE CONFIGURATION REGISTER SET
The device configuration registers are directly accessible from the bus. This provides easy programming of
general operating parameters to the 698 UART and for monitoring the status of various functions. The device
configuration registers are mapped onto address 0x80-8F as shown on the register map in Table 9 and
Figure 12. These registers provide global controls and status of all 8 channel UARTs that include interrupt
status, 16-bit general purpose timer control and status, 4X or 8X or 16X sampling clock, sleep mode control,
soft-reset control, simultaneous UART initialization, and device identification and revision.
TABLE 8: XR16M698 REGISTER SETS
ADDRESS [A7:A0]
UART CHANNEL SPACE
REFERENCE
0x00 - 0x0F
UART channel 0 Registers
(Table 12 & 13)
0x10 - 0x1F
UART channel 1 Registers
(Table 12 & 13)
0x20 - 0x2F
UART channel 2 Registers
(Table 12 & 13)
0x30 - 0x3F
UART channel 3 Registers
(Table 12 & 13)
0x40 - 0x4F
UART channel 4 Registers
(Table 12 & 13)
0x50 - 0x5F
UART channel 5 Registers
(Table 12 & 13)
0x60 - 0x6F
UART channel 6 Registers
(Table 12 & 13)
0x70 - 0x7F
UART channel 7 Registers
(Table 12 & 13)
0x80 - 0x8F
Device Configuration Registers
(Table 9)
24
COMMENT
First 8 registers are 16550 compatible
Interrupt registers and global controls
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
REV. 1.0.0
TABLE 9: DEVICE CONFIGURATION REGISTERS
ADDRESS READ/
[A7:A0] WRITE
REGISTER
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
0x80
R
INT Source
UART 7
UART 6
UART 5
UART 4
UART 3
UART 2
UART 1
UART 0
0x81
R
INT 1
UART 2
bit 1
source
bit 0
UART 1
bit 2
interrupt
bit 1
source
bit 0
UART 0
bit 2
interrupt
bit 1
source
bit 0
0x82
R
INT 2
UART 5
bit 0
UART 4
bit 2
interrupt
bit 1
source
bit 0
UART 3
bit 2
interrupt
bit 1
source
bit 0
UART 2
bit 2
0x83
R
INT 3
UART 7
bit 2
interrupt
bit 1
source
bit 0
UART 6
bit 2
interrupt
bit 1
source
bit 0
UART 5
bit 2
source
bit 1
0x84
R/W
TIMER
CTRL
0
0
0
0
0x85
R
TIMER
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TimerCtrl TimerCtrl TimerCtrl TimerCtrl
bit-3
bit-2
bit-1
bit-0
0x86
R/W TIMER LSB
bit 7
bit 6
bit 5
bit 4
bit 3
bit 2
bit 1
bit 0
0x87
R/W
TIMER
MSB
bit 7
bit 6
bit 5
bit 4
bit 3
bit 2
bit 1
bit 0
0x88
R/W
8X MODE
UART 7
UART 6
UART 5
UART 4
UART 3
UART 2
UART 1
UART 0
0x89
R/W
4X MODE
UART 7
UART 6
UART 5
UART 4
UART 3
UART 2
UART 1
UART 0
0x8A
W
RESET
Reset
UART 7
Reset
UART 6
Reset
UART 5
Reset
UART 4
Reset
UART 3
Reset
UART 2
Reset
UART 1
Reset
UART 0
0x8B
R/W
SLEEP
Enable
sleep
UART 7
Enable
sleep
UART 6
Enable
sleep
UART 5
Enable
sleep
UART 4
Enable
sleep
UART 3
Enable
sleep
UART 2
Enable
sleep
UART 1
Enable
sleep
UART 0
0x8C
R
DREV
bit 7
bit 6
bit 5
bit 4
bit 3
bit 2
bit 1
bit 0
0x8D
R
DVID
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0x8E
R/W
REGB
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
write to all
UARTs
3.1.1
The Global Interrupt Source Registers
The XR16M698 has a global interrupt source register set that consists of 4 consecutive registers [INT0, INT1,
INT2 and INT3]. The four registers are in the device configuration register address space.
INT3
[0x00]
INT2
[0x00]
INT1
[0x00]
INT0
[0x00]
All four registers default to logic zero (as indicated in square braces) for no interrupt pending. All 8 channel
interrupts are enabled or disabled in each channel’s IER register. INT0 shows individual status for each
channel while INT1, INT2 and INT3 show the details of the source of each channel’s interrupt with its unique 3bit encoding. Figure 13 shows the 4 interrupt registers in sequence for clarity. The 16-bit timer and sleep
wake-up interrupts are masked in the device configuration registers, TIMERCNTL and SLEEP. An interrupt is
generated (if enabled) by the 698 when awakened from sleep if all 8 channels were placed in the sleep mode
previously.
25
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
REV. 1.0.0
Each bit gives an indication of the channel that has requested for service. For example, bit-0 represents
channel 0 and bit-7 indicates channel 7. Logic one indicates the channel N [7:0] has called for service. The
interrupt bit clears after reading the appropriate register of the interrupting UART channel register (ISR, LSR
and MSR). SEE”INTERRUPT CLEARING:” ON PAGE 35. for interrupt clearing details.
3.1.1.1
INT0 Channel Interrupt Indicator
INT0 Register
Individual UART Channel Interrupt Status
3.1.1.2
Bit-7
Bit-6
Bit-5
Bit-4
Bit-3
Bit-2
Bit-1
Bit-0
Ch-7
Ch-6
Ch-5
Ch-4
Ch-3
Ch-2
Ch-1
Ch-0
INT1, INT2 and INT3 Interrupt Source Locator
INT3, INT2 and INT1 provide a 24-bit (3 bits per channel) encoded interrupt indicator. Table 10 shows the 3 bit
encoding and their priority order. The 16-bit Timer time-out interrupt will show up only as a channel 0 interrupt.
For other channels, interrupt 7 is reserved.
.
FIGURE 13. THE GLOBAL INTERRUPT REGISTERS, INT0, INT1, INT2 AND INT3
Interrupt Registers,
INT0, INT1, INT2 and INT3
INT3 Register
Channel-7
Bit
2
Bit
1
INT2 Register
Channel-6
Bit
0
Bit
2
Bit
1
Channel-5
Bit
0
Bit
2
Bit
1
Channel-4
Bit
0
Bit
2
Bit
1
INT1 Register
Channel-3
Bit
0
Bit
2
Bit
1
Channel-2
Bit
0
Bit
2
Bit
1
Channel-1
Bit
0
Bit
2
Bit
1
Channel-0
Bit
0
Bit
2
Bit
1
Bit
0
INT0 Register
Ch-7 Ch-6 Ch-5 Ch-4 Ch-3 Ch-2 Ch-1 Ch-0
Bit-7 Bit-6
26
Bit-5 Bit-4
Bit-3
Bit-2 Bit-1
Bit-0
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
REV. 1.0.0
TABLE 10: UART CHANNEL [7:0] INTERRUPT SOURCE ENCODING AND CLEARING
PRIORITY
Bit Bit Bit
2
1
0
INTERRUPT SOURCE(S) AND CLEARING
x
0
0
0
None or wake-up indicator
1
0
0
1
RXRDY & RX Line Status (logic OR of LSR[4:1]). RXRDY INT clears by reading data in the RX
FIFO until it falls below the trigger level; RX Line Status INT cleared after reading LSR register.
2
0
1
0
RXRDY Time-out: Cleared same way as RXRDY INT.
3
0
1
1
TXRDY, THR or TSR (auto RS-485 mode) empty, clears after reading ISR register.
4
1
0
0
MSR, RTS/CTS or DTR/DSR delta or Xoff/Xon or special character detected. The first two
clears after reading MSR register; Xoff/Xon or special char. detect INT clears after reading ISR
register.
5
1
0
1
Reserved.
6
1
1
0
Reserved.
7
1
1
1
TIMER Time-out, shows up as a channel 0 INT. It clears after reading the TIMERCNTL register.
Reserved in other channels.
3.1.2
General Purpose 16-bit Timer/Counter [TIMERMSB, TIMELSB, TIMER, TIMECNTL] (DEFAULT
0XXX-XX-00-00)
The 698 includes a 16-bit general purpose timer/counter. Its clock source may be selected from internal crystal
oscillator or externally on pin TMRCK. The timer can be set to be a single-shot for a one-time event or retriggerable for a periodic signal. An interrupt may be generated when the timer times out and will show up as a
Channel 0 interrupt (see Table 10). It is controlled through 4 configuration registers [TIMERCNTL, TIMER,
TIMELSB, TIMERMSB]. These registers provide start/stop and re-triggerable or one-shot operation (see
Table 11 below). The time-out output of the Timer can be set to generate an interrupt for system or event
alarm.
3.1.2.1
TIMERMSB [7:0] and TIMERLSB [7:0]
TIMERMSB and TIMERLSB form a 16-bit value. The least-significant bit of the timer is being bit-0 of the
TIMERLSB with most-significant-bit being bit-7 in TIMERMSB. Notice that these registers do not hold the
current counter value when read. Default value is zero (timer disabled) upon powerup and reset.
16-Bit Timer/Counter Programmable Registers
TIMERMSB Register
Bit-15 Bit-14 Bit-13 Bit-12 Bit-11 Bit-10
3.1.2.2
TIMER [7:0] Reserved
3.1.2.3
TIMERCNTL [7:0] Register
TIMERLSB Register
Bit-7
Bit-9 Bit-8
Bit-6
Bit-5
Bit-4
Bit-3
Bit-2
Bit-1 Bit-0
The bits 3:0 of this register are used to issue commands. The commands are self-clearing, so reading this
register does not show the last written command. Reading this register returns a value of 0x01 when there is a
Timer interrupt pending and 0x00 at all other times.
27
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
REV. 1.0.0
TABLE 11: TIMER CONTROL COMMANDS
TIMERCNTL [7:4]
Reserved
TIMERCNTL [3:0]
These bits are used to invoke a series of commands that control the function of the Timer/Counter.
The commands 1011 to 1111 are reserved.
0001: Enable Timer Interrupt
0010: Disable Timer Interrupt (default)
0011: Select One-shot mode
0100: Select Re-triggerable mode (default)
0101: Select Internal Crystal Oscillator output as clock source for the Timer (default)
0110: Select External Clock source (through TMRCK pin) for the Timer
0111: Reserved
1000: Reserved
1001: Start Timer
1010: Stop Timer (default)
1011: Reset Timer
Upon power-up or reset, the default states are Timer interrupt disabled, Re-triggerable mode, Crystal
Oscillator as Timer clock source, and Timer stopped.
TIMER OPERATION
The following paragraphs describe the operation of the 16-bit Timer/Counter. The following conventions will be
used in this discussion:
■
■
’N’ is the 16-bit value programmed in the TIMER MSB, LSB registers
‘N’ can take any value from 0x0002 to 0xFFFF.
Timer Interrupt
In the one-shot mode, the Timer will issue an interrupt ’N’ clocks after the Timer is started. This is the time
when the Timer times-out in the one-shot mode. In the re-triggerable mode, the Timer will keep issuing an
interrupt every ’N’ clocks. This is shown in Figure 15, where the time between successive time-outs (in retriggereble mode) is ’N’ clocks. The Timer interrupt can be cleared by reading the TIMERCNTL register. The
TIMERCNTL will read a value of 0x01 when there is an interrupt and a 0x00 at all other times.
FIGURE 14. TIMER/COUNTER CIRCUIT
TIMERMSB and TIMERLSB
(16-bit Value)
Timer Interrupt
TMRCK
1
OSC. CLOCK
0
16-Bit
Timer/Counter
Clock Select
Start/Stop
TIMERCNTL
COMMANDS Single shot/Re-triggerable
Timer Interrupt Enable/ Disable
28
1
0
Timer Interrupt
No Interrupt
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
REV. 1.0.0
FIGURE 15. INTERRUPT OUTPUT IN ONE-SHOT AND RE-TRIGGERABLE MODES
Timer Started
Timer Timed
Out
One-shot Mode
TIMERCNTL
read
Timer Timed TIMERCNTL
Out
read
Timer Timed
Out
Re-triggerable
Mode
3.1.3
8XMODE [7:0] (default 0x00)
Each bit selects sampling rate for that UART channel, for example, bit-0 is channel 0. This register associates
with 4XMODE register to decide the sampling rate (16X or 8X or 4X). When 4XMODE [7:0] = 0x00, Logic 0
(default) selects normal 16X sampling with logic one selects 8X sampling rate. Transmit and receive data rates
will double by selecting 8X. “Section 2.6, Programmable Baud Rate Generator with Fractional Divisor” on
page 9
8XMODE Register
Individual UART Channel 8X Clock Mode Enable
Bit-7 Bit-6 Bit-5 Bit-4 Bit-3 Bit-2 Bit-1 Bit-0
Ch-7 Ch-6 Ch-5 Ch-4 Ch-3 Ch-2 Ch-1 Ch-0
3.1.4
4XMODE [7:0] (default 0x00)
Each bit selects sampling rate for that UART channel, for example, bit-0 is channel 0. This register associates
with 8XMODE register to decide the sampling rate (16X or 8X or 4X). When 8XMODE [7:0] = 0x00, Logic 0
(default) selects normal 16X sampling with logic 1 selects 4X sampling rate. Transmit and receive data rates
will quadruple by selecting 4X. “Section 2.6, Programmable Baud Rate Generator with Fractional Divisor”
on page 9
4XMODE Register
Individual UART Channel 8X Clock Mode Enable
Bit-7 Bit-6 Bit-5 Bit-4 Bit-3 Bit-2 Bit-1 Bit-0
Ch-7 Ch-6 Ch-5 Ch-4 Ch-3 Ch-2 Ch-1 Ch-0
29
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
3.1.5
REV. 1.0.0
RESET [7:0] (default 0x00)
RESET Register
Individual UART Channel Reset Enable
Bit-7 Bit-6 Bit-5 Bit-4 Bit-3 Bit-2 Bit-1 Bit-0
Ch-7 Ch-6 Ch-5 Ch-4 Ch-3 Ch-2 Ch-1 Ch-0
The 8-bit RESET register provides the software with the ability to reset the UART(s) when there is a need.
Each bit is self-resetting after it is written a logic 1 to perform a reset to that channel. All registers in that
channel will be reset to the default condition, see Table 19 for details. As an example, bit-0 =1 resets UART
channel 0 with bit-7=1 resets channel 7.
3.1.6
SLEEP [7:0] (default 0x00)
The 8-bit Sleep register enables each UART separately to enter Sleep mode. Sleep mode reduces power
consumption when the system needs to put the UART(s) to idle. The UART enters sleep mode when there is
no interrupt pending. When all 8 UARTs are put to sleep, the on-chip oscillator shuts off to further conserve
power. In this case, the octal UART is awaken by any of the UART channels from a receive data byte or a
change on any of the modem inputs (CTS#, DSR#, CD#, RI#). The UART is ready after 32 crystal clocks to
ensure full functionality. Also, a special interrupt is generated with an indication of no pending interrupt. Logic 0
(default) and logic 1 disable and enable sleep mode respectively.
SLEEP Register
Individual UART Channel Sleep Enable
Ch-7 Ch-6 Ch-5 Ch-4 Ch-3 Ch-2 Ch-1 Ch-0
Bit-7 Bit-6 Bit-5 Bit-4 Bit-3 Bit-2 Bit-1 Bit-0
3.1.7
Device Identification and Revision
There are 2 internal registers that provide device identification and revision, DVID and DREV registers. The 8bit content in the DVID register provides device identification. A return value of 0x68 from this register indicates
the device is a XR16M698. The DREV register returns a 8-bit value of 0x01 for revision A, 0x02 for revision B
and so on. This information is very useful to the software driver for identifying which device it is communicating
with and to keep up with revision changes.
3.1.7.1
DVID [7:0] (default 0x68)
Device identification for the type of UART. The Device ID for the M698 is 0x68.
3.1.7.2
DREV [7:0] (default (0x01)
Revision number of the XR16M698. A 0x01 represents "revision-A" with 0x02 for rev-B and so forth.
3.1.8
REGB [7:0] (default 0x00)
REGB[0]: Simultaneous write to all 8 UARTs
• Logic 0 = Write to each UART configuration register individually (default).
• Logic 1 = Enable simultaneous write to all 8 UART configuration registers. This can be very useful during
device initialization in the power-up and reset routines.
REGB[7:1]: Reserved.
30
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
REV. 1.0.0
3.2
UART Channel Configuration Registers
The first 8 registers are 16550 compatible with EXAR enhanced feature registers located on the upper 8
addresses. The 8 sets of UART configuration registers are decoded using address lines A0 to A3 as shown
below.
TABLE 12: UART CHANNEL CONFIGURATION REGISTERS
ADDRESS
REGISTER
READ/WRITE
COMMENTS
A3 A2 A1 A0
16550 COMPATIBLE
0
0
0 0
RHR - Receive Holding Reg
THR - Transmit Holding Register
Read-only
Write-only
LCR[7] = 0
0
0
0 0
DLL - Divisor LSB
Read/Write
LCR[7] = 1
0
0
0 1
DLM - Divisor MSB
Read/Write
LCR[7] = 1
0
0
1 0
DLD - Divisor Fractional Part
Read/Write
LCR[7] = 1
0
0
0 1
IER - Interrupt Enable Reg
Read/Write
LCR[7] = 0
0
0
1 0
ISR - Interrupt Status Reg
FCR - FIFO Control Reg
Read-only
Write-only
LCR[7] = 0
0
0
1 1
LCR - Line Control Reg
Read/Write
0
1
0 0
MCR - Modem Control Reg
Read/Write
0
1
0 1
LSR - Line Status Reg
Read-only
0
1
1 0
MSR - Modem Status Reg
- Auto RS-485 Delay
Read-only
Write-only
0
1
1 1
SPR - Scratch Pad Reg
Read/Write
ENHANCED REGISTER
1
0
0 0
FCTR
Read/Write
1
0
0 1
EFR - Enhanced Function Reg
Read/Write
1
0
1 0
Reserved
Read-only
1
0
1 1
Reserved
Read-only
1
1
0 0
Xoff-1 - Xoff Character 1
Xchar
Write-only
Read-only
1
1
0 1
Xoff-2 - Xoff Character 2
Reserved
Write-only
Read-only
1
1
1 0
Xon-1 - Xon Character 1
Reserved
Write-only
Read-only
1
1
1 1
Xon-2 - Xon Character 2
Reserved
Write-only
Read-only
31
Xon,Xoff Rcvd.
Flags
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
REV. 1.0.0
TABLE 13: UART CHANNEL CONFIGURATION REGISTERS DESCRIPTION. SHADED BITS ARE ENABLED BY EFR BIT-4.
ADDRESS
REG
READ/
A3-A0
NAME
WRITE
0000
RHR
0000
BIT-7
BIT-6
BIT-5
BIT-4
BIT-3
BIT-2
BIT-1
BIT-0
COMMENT
R
Bit-7
Bit-6
Bit-5
Bit-4
Bit-3
Bit-2
Bit-1
Bit-0
LCR[7]=0
THR
W
Bit-7
Bit-6
Bit-5
Bit-4
Bit-3
Bit-2
Bit-1
Bit-0
LCR[7]=0
0000
DLL
R/W
Bit-7
Bit-6
Bit-5
Bit-4
Bit-3
Bit-2
Bit-1
Bit-0
LCR[7]=1
0001
DLM
R/W
Bit-7
Bit-6
Bit-5
Bit-4
Bit-3
Bit-2
Bit-1
Bit-0
LCR[7]=1
0010
DLD
R/W
0
0
0
0
Bit-3
Bit-2
Bit-1
Bit-0
LCR[7]=1
0001
IER
R/W
0/
0/
0/
0
CTS/
RTS/
Xon/Xoff/
DSR# Int. DTR# Int. Sp. Char.
Enable
Enable
Int.
Enable
0010
0010
0011
0100
ISR
FCR
LCR
MCR
R
W
R/W
R/W
0101
LSR
R
0110
MSR
R
FIFOs
Enable
FIFOs
Enable
RX FIFO
Trigger
RX FIFO
Trigger
Divisor
Enable
Set TX
Break
0/
DeltaXoff/special
Flow Cntl
char
0/
0/
TX FIFO
Trigger
TX FIFO
Trigger
Set Parity Even Parity
0/
0/
0/
BRG
Prescaler
IR
XonAny
Enable
RX FIFO TransmitERROR ter Empty
CD
RI
0/
Internal
Loopback
Enable
TX FIFO
Empty
RX Break
DSR
CTS
Modem
RX Line TX Ready
Status Int. Status Int.
Int.
Enable
Enable
Enable
RX Data
Int.
Enable
INT
Source
Bit-3
INT
Source
Bit-2
INT
Source
Bit-1
INT
Source
Bit-0
DMA
Mode
TX FIFO
Reset
RX FIFO
Reset
FIFOs
Enable
Parity
Enable
Stop Bits
Word
Length
Word
Length
Bit-1
Bit-0
(OP2)1
(OP1)1
TX char
Immediate
RTS/DTR
Flow Sel
Delta
RI#
Delta
DSR#
Delta
CTS#
W
RS-485
DLY-3
RS-485
DLY-2
RS-485
DLY-1
RS-485
DLY-0
Disable
TX
Disable
RX
0
9-bit
Mode
0111
SPR
R/W
Bit-7
Bit-6
Bit-5
Bit-4
Bit-3
Bit-2
Bit-1
Bit-0
1000
FCTR
R/W
0
0
Auto RS485
Enable
Invert IR
RX Input
0
0
0
0
1001
EFR
R/W
Special
Char
Select
Enable
IER [7:5],
ISR [5:4],
FCR[5:4],
Software Software Software Software
Flow Cntl Flow Cntl Flow Cntl Flow Cntl
Bit-3
Bit-2
Bit-1
Bit-0
0
0
0
0
MCR[7:5,
3:2]
MSR[7:0]
1010
Rsvd
R
0
0
0
0
32
LCR[7]=0
RX Data
Ready
MSR
Auto
Auto
CTS/DSR RTS/DTR
Enable
Enable
LCR[7]=0
RTS# Pin DTR# Pin
Control
Control
RX Fram- RX Parity RX Overing Error
run
Error
Delta
CD#
LCR[7]=0
User Data
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
REV. 1.0.0
TABLE 13: UART CHANNEL CONFIGURATION REGISTERS DESCRIPTION. SHADED BITS ARE ENABLED BY EFR BIT-4.
ADDRESS
REG
READ/
A3-A0
NAME
WRITE
1011
Rsvd
1100
BIT-7
BIT-6
BIT-5
BIT-4
BIT-3
BIT-2
BIT-1
BIT-0
R
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
XCHAR
R
0
0
0
0
TX Xon
Indicator
TX Xoff
Indicator
Xon Det.
Indicator
1100
XOFF1
W
Bit-7
Bit-6
Bit-5
Bit-4
Bit-3
Bit-2
Bit-1
Bit-0
1101
XOFF2
W
Bit-7
Bit-6
Bit-5
Bit-4
Bit-3
Bit-2
Bit-1
Bit-0
1110
XON1
W
Bit-7
Bit-6
Bit-5
Bit-4
Bit-3
Bit-2
Bit-1
Bit-0
1111
XON2
W
Bit-7
Bit-6
Bit-5
Bit-4
Bit-3
Bit-2
Bit-1
Bit-0
COMMENT
Xoff Det. Self clear
Indicator after read
NOTE: MCR bits 2 and 3 (OP1 and OP2 outputs) are not available in the XR16M698. They are present for 16C550 compatibility during Internal loopback, see Figure 11.
4.0 INTERNAL REGISTER DESCRIPTIONS
4.1
Receive Holding Register (RHR) - Read Only
SEE”RECEIVER” ON PAGE 13..
4.2
Transmit Holding Register (THR) - Write Only
SEE”TRANSMITTER” ON PAGE 11..
4.3
Interrupt Enable Register (IER) - Read/Write
The Interrupt Enable Register (IER) masks the interrupts from receive data ready, transmit empty, line status
and modem status registers. These interrupts are reported in the Interrupt Status Register (ISR) and also
encoded in INT (INT0-INT3) register in the Device Configuration Registers.
4.3.1
IER versus Receive FIFO Interrupt Mode Operation
When the receive FIFO (FCR BIT-0 = a logic 1) and receive interrupts (IER BIT-0 = logic 1) are enabled, the
RHR interrupts (see ISR bits 3 and 4) status will reflect the following:
A. The receive data available interrupts are issued to the host when the FIFO has reached the programmed
trigger level. It will be cleared when the FIFO drops below the programmed trigger level.
B. FIFO level will be reflected in the ISR register when the FIFO trigger level is reached. Both the ISR register
status bit and the interrupt will be cleared when the FIFO drops below the trigger level.
C. The receive data ready bit (LSR BIT-0) is set as soon as a character is transferred from the shift register to
the receive FIFO. It is reset when the FIFO is empty.
4.3.2
IER versus Receive/Transmit FIFO Polled Mode Operation
When FCR BIT-0 equals a logic 1 for FIFO enable; resetting IER bits 3:0 enables the XR16M698 in the FIFO
polled mode of operation. Since the receiver and transmitter have separate bits in the LSR either can be used
in the polled mode by selecting respective transmit or receive control bit(s).
A. LSR BIT-0 indicates there is data in RHR (non-FIFO mode) or RX FIFO (FIFO mode).
B. LSR BIT-1 indicates an overrun error has occurred and that data in the FIFO may not be valid.
C. LSR BIT 2-4 provides the type of receive data errors encountered for the data byte in RHR, if any.
D. LSR BIT-5 indicates THR (non-FIFO mode) or TX FIFO (FIFO mode) is empty.
E. LSR BIT-6 indicates when both the transmit FIFO and TSR are empty.
F. LSR BIT-7 indicates a data error in at least one character in the RX FIFO.
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XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
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IER[7]: CTS# Input Interrupt Enable (requires EFR bit-4=1)
• Logic 0 = Disable the CTS# interrupt (default).
• Logic 1 = Enable the CTS# interrupt. The UART issues an interrupt when CTS# pin makes a transition from
LOW to HIGH.
IER[6]: RTS# Output Interrupt Enable (requires EFR bit-4=1)
• Logic 0 = Disable the RTS# interrupt (default).
• Logic 1 = Enable the RTS# interrupt. The UART issues an interrupt when RTS# pin makes a transition from
LOW to HIGH.
IER[5]: Xoff Interrupt Enable (requires EFR bit-4=1)
• Logic 0 = Disable the software flow control, receive Xoff interrupt (default).
• Logic 1 = Enable the software flow control, receive Xoff interrupt. See Software Flow Control section for
details.
IER[4]: Reserved
IER[3]: Modem Status Interrupt Enable
The Modem Status Register interrupt is issued whenever any of the delta bits of the MSR register (bits 3:0) is
set.
• Logic 0 = Disable the modem status register interrupt (default).
• Logic 1 = Enable the modem status register interrupt.
IER[2]: Receive Line Status Interrupt Enable
An Overrun error, Framing error, Parity error or detection of a Break character will result in an LSR interrupt.
The 698 will issue an LSR interrupt immediately after receiving a character with an error. It will again re-issue
the interrupt (if the first one has been cleared by reading the LSR register) when the character with the error is
on the top of the FIFO, meaning the next one to be read out of the FIFO.
For example, let’s consider an incoming data stream of 0x55, 0xAA, etc and that the character 0xAA has a
Parity error associated with it. Let’s assume that the character 0x55 has not been read out of the FIFO yet. The
698 will issue an interrupt as soon as the stop bit of the character 0xAA is received. The LSR register will have
only the FIFO error bit (bit-7) set and none of the other error bits (Bits 1,2,3 and 4) will be set, since the byte on
the top of the FIFO is 0x55 which does not have any errors associated with it. When this byte has been read
out, the 698 will issue another LSR interrupt and this time the LSR register will show the Parity bit (bit-2) set.
• Logic 0 = Disable the receiver line status interrupt (default).
• Logic 1 = Enable the receiver line status interrupt.
IER[1]: TX Ready Interrupt Enable
In non-FIFO mode, a TX interrupt is issued whenever the THR is empty. In the FIFO mode, an interrupt is
issued twice: once when the number of bytes in the TX FIFO falls below the programmed trigger level and
again when the TX FIFO becomes empty. When auto RS-485 mode is enabled (FCTR bit-5 = 1), the second
interrupt is delayed until the transmitter (both the TX FIFO and the TX Shift Register) is empty.
• Logic 0 = Disable Transmit Ready Interrupt (default).
• Logic 1 = Enable Transmit Ready Interrupt.
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XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
REV. 1.0.0
IER[0]: RX Interrupt Enable
The receive data ready interrupt will be issued when RHR has a data character in the non-FIFO mode or when
the receive FIFO has reached the programmed trigger level in the FIFO mode.
• Logic 0 = Disable the receive data ready interrupt (default).
• Logic 1 = Enable the receiver data ready interrupt.
4.4
Interrupt Status Register (ISR) - Read Only
The UART provides multiple levels of prioritized interrupts to minimize external software interaction. The
Interrupt Status Register (ISR) provides the user with six interrupt status bits. Performing a read cycle on the
ISR will give the user the current highest pending interrupt level to be serviced, others queue up for next
service. No other interrupts are acknowledged until the pending interrupt is serviced. The Interrupt Source
Table, Table 14, shows the data values (bit 0-5) for the six prioritized interrupt levels and the interrupt sources
associated with each of these interrupt levels.
4.4.1
Interrupt Generation:
• LSR is by any of the LSR bits 1, 2, 3 and 4. See IER bit-2 description above.
• RXRDY is by RX trigger level.
• RXRDY Time-out is by a 4-char plus 12 bits delay timer.
• TXRDY is by TX trigger level or TX FIFO empty (or transmitter empty in auto RS-485 control).
• MSR is by any of the MSR bits 0, 1, 2 and 3.
• Receive Xon/Xoff/Special character is by detection of a Xon, Xoff or Special character.
• CTS#/DSR# is when its transmitter toggles the input pin (from LOW to HIGH) during auto CTS/DSR flow
control enabled by EFR bit-7 and selection on MCR bit-2.
• RTS#/DTR# is when its receiver toggles the output pin (from LOW to HIGH) during auto RTS/DTR flow
control enabled by EFR bit-6 and selection on MCR bit-2.
• Wake-up Indicator is when the UART comes out of sleep mode.
4.4.2
Interrupt Clearing:
• LSR interrupt is cleared by a read to the LSR register.
• RXRDY interrupt is cleared by reading data until FIFO falls below the trigger level.
• RXRDY Time-out interrupt is cleared by reading RHR.
• TXRDY interrupt is cleared by a read to the ISR register or writing to THR.
• MSR interrupt is cleared by a read to the MSR register.
• Xon or Xoff character interrupt is cleared by a read to ISR register.
• Special character interrupt is cleared by a read to ISR register or after the next character is received.
• RTS#/DTR# and CTS#/DSR# status change interrupts are cleared by a read to the MSR register.
• Wake-up Indicator is cleared by a read to the INT0 register.
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XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
REV. 1.0.0
]
TABLE 14: INTERRUPT SOURCE AND PRIORITY LEVEL
PRIORITY
ISR REGISTER STATUS BITS
SOURCE OF THE INTERRUPT
LEVEL
BIT-5
BIT-4
BIT-3
BIT-2
BIT-1
BIT-0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
LSR (Receiver Line Status Register)
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
RXRDY (Received Data Ready)
3
0
0
1
1
0
0
RXRDY (Receive Data Time-out)
4
0
0
0
0
1
0
TXRDY (Transmitter Holding Register Empty)
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
MSR (Modem Status Register)
6
0
1
0
0
0
0
RXRDY (Received Xon/Xoff or Special character)
7
1
0
0
0
0
0
CTS#/DSR#, RTS#/DTR# change of state
X
0
0
0
0
0
1
None (default) or wake-up indicator
ISR[7:6]: FIFO Enable Status
These bits are set to a logic 0 when the FIFOs are disabled. They are set to a logic 1 when the FIFOs are
enabled.
ISR[5]: RTS#/CTS# Interrupt Status
This bit is enabled when EFR bit-4 is set to a logic 1. ISR bit-5 indicates that the CTS# or RTS# has changed
state from LOW to HIGH.
ISR[4]: Xoff/Xon or Special Character Interrupt Status
This bit is enabled when EFR bit-4 is set to a logic 1. ISR bit-4 indicates that the receiver detected a data match
of the Xoff character(s). If this is an Xoff/Xon interrupt, it can be cleared by a read to the ISR. Reading the
XCHAR register will indicate which character (Xoff or Xon) was received last. If it is a special character
interrupt, it can be cleared by reading ISR or it will automatically clear after the next character is received.
ISR[5:1]: Interrupt Status
These bits indicate the source for a pending interrupt at interrupt priority levels (See Table 14). See “Section
4.4.1, Interrupt Generation:” on page 35 and “Section 4.4.2, Interrupt Clearing:” on page 35 for details.
ISR[0]: Interrupt Status
• Logic 0 = An interrupt is pending and the ISR contents may be used as a pointer to the appropriate interrupt
service routine.
• Logic 1 = No interrupt pending. (default condition)
4.5
FIFO Control Register (FCR) - Write Only
This register is used to enable the FIFOs, clear the FIFOs, set the transmit/receive FIFO trigger levels, and
select the DMA mode. The DMA, and FIFO modes are defined as follows:
FCR[7:6]: Receive FIFO Trigger Select
(logic 0 = default, RX trigger level =1)
These 2 bits are used to set the trigger level for the receive FIFO. The UART will issue a receive interrupt when
the number of the characters in the FIFO crosses the trigger level. Table 15 shows the complete selections.
Note that the receiver and the transmitter cannot use different trigger tables. Whichever selection is made last
applies to both the RX and TX side.
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XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
REV. 1.0.0
FCR[5:4]: Transmit FIFO Trigger Select
(logic 0 = default, TX trigger level = 1)
These 2 bits set the trigger level for the transmit FIFO interrupt. The UART will issue a transmit interrupt when
the number of characters in the FIFO falls below the selected trigger level, or when it gets empty in case that
the FIFO did not get filled over the trigger level on last re-load. Table 15 below shows the selections.
FCR[3]: DMA Mode Select
This bit has no effect since TXRDY and RXRDY pins are not available in this device. It is provided for legacy
software compatibility.
• Logic 0 = Set DMA to mode 0 (default).
• Logic 1 = Set DMA to mode 1.
FCR[2]: TX FIFO Reset
This bit is only active when FCR bit-0 is active.
• Logic 0 = No transmit FIFO reset (default).
• Logic 1 = Reset the transmit FIFO pointers and FIFO level counter logic (the transmit shift register is not
cleared or altered). This bit will return to a logic 0 after resetting the FIFO.
FCR[1]: RX FIFO Reset
This bit is only active when FCR bit-0 is active.
• Logic 0 = No receive FIFO reset (default).
• Logic 1 = Reset the receive FIFO pointers and FIFO level counter logic (the receive shift register is not
cleared or altered). This bit will return to a logic 0 after resetting the FIFO.
FCR[0]: TX and RX FIFO Enable
• Logic 0 = Disable the transmit and receive FIFO (default).
• Logic 1 = Enable the transmit and receive FIFOs. This bit must be set to logic 1 when other FCR bits are
written or they will not be programmed.
TABLE 15: TRANSMIT AND RECEIVE FIFO TRIGGER TABLE AND LEVEL SELECTION
FCR
BIT-7
0
0
1
1
4.6
FCR
BIT-6
FCR
BIT-5
BIT-4
FCR
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
RECEIVE TRIGGER
LEVEL
0
1
0
1
TRANSMIT
TRIGGER LEVEL
16
8
24
30
COMPATIBILITY
16C650A, 16L651
8
16
24
28
Line Control Register (LCR) - Read/Write
The Line Control Register is used to specify the asynchronous data communication format. The word or
character length, the number of stop bits, and the parity are selected by writing the appropriate bits in this
register.
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XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
REV. 1.0.0
LCR[7]: Baud Rate Divisors Enable
Baud rate generator divisor (DLL, DLM, DLD) enable.
• Logic 0 = Data registers are selected (default).
• Logic 1 = Divisor latch registers (DLL, DLM and DLD) are selected.
LCR[6]: Transmit Break Enable
When enabled the Break control bit causes a break condition to be transmitted (the TX output is forced to a
“space’, logic 0, state). This condition remains until disabled by setting LCR bit-6 to a logic 0.
• Logic 0 = No TX break condition. (default)
• Logic 1 = Forces the transmitter output (TX) to a “space”, logic 0, for alerting the remote receiver of a line
break condition.
LCR[5]: TX and RX Parity Select
If the parity bit is enabled, LCR BIT-5 selects the forced parity format.
• LCR BIT-5 = logic 0, parity is not forced (default).
• LCR BIT-5 = logic 1 and LCR BIT-4 = logic 0, parity bit is forced to a logical 1 for the transmit and receive
data.
• LCR BIT-5 = logic 1 and LCR BIT-4 = logic 1, parity bit is forced to a logical 0 for the transmit and receive
data.
TABLE 16: PARITY PROGRAMMING
LCR BIT-5
LCR BIT-4
LCR BIT-3
PARITY SELECTION
X
X
0
No parity
0
0
1
Odd parity
0
1
1
Even parity
1
0
1
Force parity to mark, “1”
1
1
1
Force parity to space, “0”
LCR[4]: TX and RX Parity Select
If the parity bit is enabled with LCR bit-3 set to a logic 1, LCR BIT-4 selects the even or odd parity format.
• Logic 0 = ODD Parity is generated by forcing an odd number of logic 1’s in the transmitted character. The
receiver must be programmed to check the same format (default).
• Logic 1 = EVEN Parity is generated by forcing an even the number of logic 1’s in the transmitted character.
The receiver must be programmed to check the same format.
LCR[3]: TX and RX Parity Select
Parity or no parity can be selected via this bit. The parity bit is a simple way used in communications for data
integrity check. See Table 16 above for parity selection summary.
• Logic 0 = No parity.
• Logic 1 = A parity bit is generated during the transmission while the receiver checks for parity error of the
data character received.
38
XR16M698
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LCR[2]: TX and RX Stop-bit Length Select
The length of stop bit is specified by this bit in conjunction with the programmed word length.
LENGTH
STOP BIT LENGTH
(BIT TIME(S))
0
5,6,7,8
1 (default)
1
5
1-1/2
1
6,7,8
2
BIT-2
WORD
LCR[1:0]: TX and RX Word Length Select
These two bits specify the word length to be transmitted or received.
4.7
BIT-1
BIT-0
WORD LENGTH
0
0
5 (default)
0
1
6
1
0
7
1
1
8
Modem Control Register (MCR) - Read/Write
The MCR register is used for controlling the modem interface signals or general purpose inputs/outputs.
MCR[7]: Clock Prescaler Select
• Logic 0 = Divide by one. The input clock from the crystal or external clock is fed directly to the Programmable
Baud Rate Generator without further modification, i.e., divide by one (default).
• Logic 1 = Divide by four. The prescaler divides the input clock from the crystal or external clock by four and
feeds it to the Programmable Baud Rate Generator, hence, data rates become one forth.
MCR[6]: Infrared Encoder/Decoder Enable
The state of this bit depends on the sampled logic level of pin ENIR during power up, following a hardware
reset (rising edge of RST# input). Afterward user can override this bit for desired operation.
• Logic 0 = Enable the standard modem receive and transmit character interface.
• Logic 1 = Enable infrared IrDA receive and transmit inputs/outputs. While in this mode, the TX/RX output/
input are routed to the infrared encoder/decoder. The data input and output levels will conform to the IrDA
infrared interface requirement. As such, while in this mode the infrared TX output will be a logic 0 during idle
data conditions. FCTR bit-4 may be selected to invert the RX input signal level going to the decoder for
infrared modules that provide rather an inverted output.
MCR[5]: Xon-Any Enable
• Logic 0 = Disable Xon-Any function (default).
• Logic 1 = Enable Xon-Any function. In this mode any RX character received will enable Xon, resume data
transmission.
MCR[4]: Internal Loopback Enable
• Logic 0 = Disable loopback mode (default).
• Logic 1 = Enable local loopback mode, see loopback section and Figure 11.
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XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
REV. 1.0.0
MCR[3]: Send Char Immediate (OP2 in Local Loopback Mode)
This bit is used to transmit a character immediately irrespective of the bytes currently in the transmit FIFO. The
data byte must be loaded into the transmit holding register (THR) immediately following the write to this bit (to
set it to a ’1’). In other words, no other register must be accessed between setting this bit and writing to the
THR. The loaded byte will be transmitted ahead of all the bytes in the TX FIFO, immediately after the character
currently being shifted out of the transmit shift register is sent out. The existing line parameters (parity, stop
bits) will be used when composing the character. This bit is self clearing, therefore, must be set before sending
a custom characer each time. Please note that the Transmitter must be enabled for this function (MSR[3] = 0).
Also, if software flow control is enabled, the software flow control characters (Xon, Xoff) have higher priority
and will get shifted out before the custom byte is transmitted.
• Logic 0 = Send Char Immediate disabled (default).
• Logic 1 = Send Char Immediate enabled.
In Local Loopback Mode (MCR[4] = 1), this bit acts as the legacy OP2 output and controls the CD bit in the
MSR register as shown in Figure 11. Please make sure that this bit is a ’0’ when exiting the Local Loopback
Mode.
MCR[2]: DTR# or RTS# for Auto Flow Control (OP1 in Local Loopback Mode)
DTR# or RTS# auto hardware flow control select. This bit is in effect only when auto RTS/DTR is enabled by
EFR bit-6. DTR# selection is associated with DSR# and RTS# is with CTS#.
• Logic 0 = Uses RTS# and CTS# pins for auto hardware flow control.
• Logic 1 = Uses DTR# and DSR# pins for auto hardware flow control.
In Local Loopback mode (MCR[4] = 1), this bit acts as the legacy OP1 output and controls the RI bit in the MSR
register, as shown in Figure 11.
MCR[1]: RTS# Output
The RTS# pin may be used for automatic hardware flow control by enabled by EFR bit-6 and MCR bit-2=0. If
the modem interface is not used, this output may be used for general purpose.
• Logic 0 = Force RTS# output to a logic 1 (default).
• Logic 1 = Force RTS# output to a logic 0.
MCR[0]: DTR# Output
The DTR# pin may be used for automatic hardware flow control enabled by EFR bit-6 and MCR bit-2=1. If the
modem interface is not used, this output may be used for general purpose.
• Logic 0 = Force DTR# output to a logic 1 (default).
• Logic 1 = Force DTR# output to a logic 0.
4.8
Line Status Register (LSR) - Read Only
This register provides the status of data transfers between the UART and the host. If IER bit-2 is set to a logic
1, an LSR interrupt will be generated immediately when any character in the RX FIFO has an error (parity,
framing, overrun, break).
LSR[7]: Receive FIFO Data Error Flag
• Logic 0 = No FIFO error (default).
• Logic 1 = An indicator for the sum of all error bits in the RX FIFO. At least one parity error, framing error or
break indication is in the FIFO data. This bit clears when there are no more errors in the FIFO.
40
XR16M698
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LSR[6]: Transmitter Empty Flag
This bit is the Transmitter Empty indicator. This bit is set to a logic 1 whenever both the transmit FIFO (or THR,
in non-FIFO mode) and the transmit shift register (TSR) are both empty. It is set to logic 0 whenever either the
TX FIFO or TSR contains a data character.
LSR[5]: Transmit FIFO Empty Flag
This bit is the Transmit FIFO Empty indicator. This bit indicates that the transmitter is ready to accept a new
character for transmission. This bit is set to a logic 1 when the last data byte is transferred from the transmit
FIFO to the transmit shift register. The bit is reset to logic 0 as soon as a data byte is loaded into the transmit
FIFO. In the non-FIFO mode this bit is set when the transmit holding register (THR) is empty; it is cleared when
at a byte is written to the THR.
LSR[4]: Receive Break Flag
• Logic 0 = No break condition (default).
• Logic 1 = The receiver received a break signal (RX was a logic 0 for one character frame time). In the FIFO
mode, only one break character is loaded into the FIFO. The break indication remains until the RX input
returns to the idle condition, “mark” or logic 1.
LSR[3]: Receive Data Framing Error Flag
• Logic 0 = No framing error (default).
• Logic 1 = Framing error. The receive character did not have a valid stop bit(s). This error is associated with
the character available for reading in RHR.
LSR[2]: Receive Data Parity Error Flag
• Logic 0 = No parity error (default).
• Logic 1 = Parity error. The receive character in RHR (top of the FIFO) does not have correct parity
information and is suspect. This error is associated with the character available for reading in RHR.
LSR[1]: Receiver Overrun Flag
• Logic 0 = No overrun error (default).
• Logic 1 = Overrun error. A data overrun error condition occurred in the receive shift register. This happens
when additional data arrives while the FIFO is full. In this case the previous data in the receive shift register
is overwritten. Note that under this condition the data byte in the receive shift register is not transferred into
the FIFO, therefore the data in the FIFO is not corrupted by the error.
LSR[0]: Receive Data Ready Indicator
• Logic 0 = No data in receive holding register or FIFO (default).
• Logic 1 = Data has been received and is saved in the receive holding register or FIFO.
4.9
Modem Status Register (MSR) - Read Only
This register provides the current state of the modem interface signals, or other peripheral device that the
UART is connected. Lower four bits of this register are used to indicate the changed information. These bits
are set to a logic 1 whenever a signal from the modem changes state. These bits may be used as general
purpose inputs/outputs when they are not used with modem signals.
MSR[7]: CD Input Status
Normally this bit is the complement of the CD# input. In the loopback mode this bit is equivalent to bit-3 in the
MCR register. The CD# input may be used as a general purpose input when the modem interface is not used.
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1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
REV. 1.0.0
MSR[6]: RI Input Status
Normally this bit is the complement of the RI# input. In the loopback mode this bit is equivalent to bit-2 in the
MCR register. The RI# input may be used as a general purpose input when the modem interface is not used.
MSR[5]: DSR Input Status
DSR# pin may function as automatic hardware flow control signal input if it is enabled and selected by Auto
CTS/DSR bit (EFR bit-6=1) and RTS/DTR flow control select bit (MCR bit-2=1). Auto CTS/DSR flow control
allows starting and stopping of local data transmissions based on the modem DSR# signal. A HIGH on the
DSR# pin will stop UART transmitter as soon as the current character has finished transmission, and a LOW
will resume data transmission. Normally MSR bit-5 is the complement of the DSR# input. However in the
loopback mode, this bit is equivalent to the DTR# bit in the MCR register. The DSR# input may be used as a
general purpose input when the modem interface is not used.
MSR[4]: CTS Input Status
CTS# pin may function as automatic hardware flow control signal input if it is enabled and selected by Auto
CTS/DSR bit (EFR bit-6=1) and RTS/DTR flow control select bit (MCR bit-2=0). Auto CTS/DSR flow control
allows starting and stopping of local data transmissions based on the modem CTS# signal. A HIGH on the
CTS# pin will stop UART transmitter as soon as the current character has finished transmission, and a LOW
will resume data transmission. Normally MSR bit-4 is the complement of the CTS# input. However in the
loopback mode, this bit is equivalent to the RTS# bit in the MCR register. The CTS# input may be used as a
general purpose input when the modem interface is not used.
MSR[3]: Delta CD# Input Flag
• Logic 0 = No change on CD# input (default).
• Logic 1 = Indicates that the CD# input has changed state since the last time it was monitored. A modem
status interrupt will be generated if MSR interrupt is enabled (IER bit-3).
MSR[2]: Delta RI# Input Flag
• Logic 0 = No change on RI# input (default).
• Logic 1 = The RI# input has changed from a logic 0 to a logic 1, ending of the ringing signal. A modem status
interrupt will be generated if MSR interrupt is enabled (IER bit-3).
MSR[1]: Delta DSR# Input Flag
• Logic 0 = No change on DSR# input (default).
• Logic 1 = The DSR# input has changed state since the last time it was monitored. A modem status interrupt
will be generated if MSR interrupt is enabled (IER bit-3).
MSR[0]: Delta CTS# Input Flag
• Logic 0 = No change on CTS# input (default).
• Logic 1 = The CTS# input has changed state since the last time it was monitored. A modem status interrupt
will be generated if MSR interrupt is enabled (IER bit-3).
4.10
Modem Status Register (MSR) - Write Only
The upper four bits [7:4] of this register set the delay in number of bits time for the auto RS-485 turn around
from transmit to receive.
MSR[7:4]
When Auto RS-485 feature is enabled (FCTR bit-5=1) and RTS# output is connected to the enable input of a
RS-485 transceiver. These 4 bits select from 0 to 15 bit-time delay after the end of the last stop-bit of the last
transmitted character. This delay controls when to change the state of RTS# output. This delay is very useful in
long-cable networks. Table 17 shows the selection. The bits are enabled by EFR bit-4.
42
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
REV. 1.0.0
TABLE 17: AUTO RS-485 HALF-DUPLEX DIRECTION CONTROL DELAY FROM TRANSMIT-TO-RECEIVE
MSR[7]
MSR[6]
MSR[5]
MSR[4]
DELAY IN DATA BIT(S) TIME
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
2
0
0
1
1
3
0
1
0
0
4
9
1
0
1
5
0
1
1
0
6
0
1
1
1
7
1
0
0
0
8
1
0
0
1
9
1
0
1
0
10
1
0
1
1
11
1
1
0
0
12
1
1
0
1
13
1
1
1
0
14
1
1
1
1
15
MSR[3]: Transmitter Disable
This bit can be used to disable the transmitter by halting the Transmit Shift Register (TSR). When this bit is set
to a ’1’, the bytes already in the FIFO will not be sent out. Also, any more data loaded into the FIFO will stay in
the FIFO and will not be sent out. When this bit is set to a ’0’, the bytes currently in the TX FIFO will be sent
out. Please note that setting this bit to a ’1’ stops any character from going out. Also, this bit must be a ’0’ for
Send Char Immediate function (see MCR[3]).
• Logic 0 = Enable Transmitter (default).
• Logic 1 = Disable Transmitter.
43
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
REV. 1.0.0
MSR[2]: Receiver Disable
This bit can be used to disable the receiver by halting the Receive Shift Register (RSR). When this bit is set to
a logic 1, the receiver will operate in one of the following ways:
■
■
If a character is being received at the time of setting this bit, that character will be correctly received. No
more characters will be received.
If the receiver is idle at the time of setting this bit, one character will still be received fully. No more
characters will be received.
The receiver can be enabled and will start receiving characters by resetting this bit to a logic 0. The receiver
will operate in one of the following ways:
■
■
If the receiver is idle (RX pin is HIGH) at the time of setting this bit, the next character will be received
normally. It is recommended that the receiver be idle when resetting this bit to a logic 0.
If the receiver is not idle (RX pin is toggling) at the time of setting this bit, the RX FIFO will be filled with
unknown data.
Any data that is in the RX FIFO can be read out at any time whether the receiver is disabled or not.
• Logic 0 = Enable Receiver (default).
• Logic 1 = Disable Receiver.
MSR[1]: Reserved
MSR[0]: 9-bit or Multidrop Mode Enable
This bit enables 9-bit or Multidrop mode. See “Section 2.13, Auto RS-485 Half-duplex Control” on page 19
for complete details.
• Logic 0 = Normal 8-bit mode
• Logic 1 = Enable 9-bit or Multidrop mode
4.11
Scratch Pad Register (SPR) - Read/Write
This is a 8-bit general purpose register for the user to store temporary data. The content of this register is
preserved during sleep mode but becomes 0xFF (default) after a reset or a power off-on cycle.
4.12
Feature Control Register (FCTR) - Read/Write
This register controls the UART enhanced functions that are not available on ST16C554 or ST16C654.
FCTR[7:6]: Reserved
FCTR[5]: Auto RS-485 Enable
Auto RS-485 half duplex control enable/disable.
• Logic 0 = Standard ST16C550 mode. Transmitter generates an interrupt when transmit holding register
(THR) becomes empty. Transmit Shift Register (TSR) may still be shifting data bit out.
• Logic 1 = Enable Auto RS-485 half duplex direction control. RTS# output changes its logic level from HIGH
to LOW when finished sending the last stop bit of the last character out of the TSR register. It changes from
LOW to HIGH when a data byte is loaded into the THR or transmit FIFO. The change to HIGH occurs prior
sending the start-bit. It also changes the transmitter interrupt from transmit holding to transmit shift register
(TSR) empty.
FCTR[4]: Infrared RX Input Logic Select
• Logic 0 = Select RX input as active HIGH encoded IrDA data, normal, (default).
• Logic 1 = Select RX input as active LOW encoded IrDA data, inverted.
FCTR [3:0] - Reserved
44
XR16M698
REV. 1.0.0
4.13
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
Enhanced Feature Register (EFR) - Read/Write
Enhanced features are enabled or disabled using this register. Bits 3:0 provide single or dual consecutive
character software flow control selection (see Table 18). When the Xon1 and Xon2 and Xoff1 and Xoff2 modes
are selected, the double 8-bit words are concatenated into two sequential characters. Caution: note that
whenever changing the TX or RX flow control bits, always reset all bits back to logic 0 (disable) before
programming a new setting.
EFR[7]: Auto CTS Flow Control Enable
Automatic CTS or DSR Flow Control.
• Logic 0 = Automatic CTS/DSR flow control is disabled (default).
• Logic 1 = Enable Automatic CTS/DSR flow control. Transmission stops when CTS/DSR# pin de-asserts
(HIGH). Transmission resumes when CTS/DSR# pin is asserted (LOW). The selection for CTS# or DSR# is
through MCR bit-2.
EFR[6]: Auto RTS or DTR Flow Control Enable
RTS#/DTR# output may be used for hardware flow control by setting EFR bit-6 to logic 1. When Auto RTS/
DTR is selected, an interrupt will be generated when the receive FIFO is filled to the programmed trigger level
and RTS/DTR# will de-assert (HIGH) at the next upper trigger. RTS/DTR# will re-assert (LOW) when FIFO
data falls below the next lower trigger. The RTS# or DTR# output must be asserted (LOW) before the auto
RTS/DTR can take effect. The selection for RTS# or DTR# is through MCR bit-2. RTS/DTR# pin will function
as a general purpose output when hardware flow control is disabled.
• Logic 0 = Automatic RTS/DTR flow control is disabled (default).
• Logic 1 = Enable Automatic RTS/DTR flow control.
EFR[5]: Special Character Detect Enable
• Logic 0 = Special Character Detect Disabled (default).
• Logic 1 = Special Character Detect Enabled. The UART compares each incoming receive character with
data in Xoff-2 register. If a match exists, the received data will be transferred to FIFO and ISR bit-4 will be set
to indicate detection of the special character. Bit-0 corresponds with the LSB bit for the receive character. If
flow control is set for comparing Xon1, Xoff1 (EFR [1:0]=10) then flow control and special character work
normally. However, if flow control is set for comparing Xon2, Xoff2 (EFR[1:0]=01) then flow control works
normally, but Xoff2 will not go to the FIFO, and will generate an Xoff interrupt and a special character
interrupt.
EFR[4]: Enhanced Function Bits Enable
Enhanced function control bit. This bit enables the enhanced functions in IER bits 7:5, ISR bits 5:4, FCR bits
5:4, MCR bits 7:5, 3:2 and MSR 7:2 bits to be modified. After modifying any enhanced bits, EFR bit-4 can be
set to a logic 0 to latch the new values. This feature prevents legacy software from altering or overwriting the
enhanced functions once set. Normally, it is recommended to leave it enabled, logic 1.
• Logic 0 = modification disable/latch enhanced features. IER bits 7:5, ISR bits 5:4, FCR bits 5:4, MCR bits 7:5,
3:2 and MSR 7:2 bits are saved to retain the user settings. After a reset, all these bits are set to a logic 0 to
be compatible with ST16C550 mode (default).
• Logic 1 = Enables the enhanced functions. When this bit is set to a logic 1 all enhanced features are
enabled.
45
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
REV. 1.0.0
EFR[3:0]: Software Flow Control Select
Combinations of software flow control can be selected by programming these bits, as shown in Table 18
below.
TABLE 18: SOFTWARE FLOW CONTROL FUNCTIONS
EFR BIT-3
EFR BIT-2
EFR BIT-1
EFR BIT-0
0
0
0
0
No TX and RX flow control (default and reset)
0
0
X
X
No transmit flow control
1
0
X
X
Transmit Xon1, Xoff1
0
1
X
X
Transmit Xon2, Xoff2
1
1
X
X
Transmit Xon1 and Xon2, Xoff1 and Xoff2
X
X
0
0
No receive flow control
X
X
1
0
Receiver compares Xon1, Xoff1
X
X
0
1
Receiver compares Xon2, Xoff2
1
0
1
1
Transmit Xon1, Xoff1
Receiver compares Xon1 or Xon2, Xoff1 or Xoff2
0
1
1
1
Transmit Xon2, Xoff2
Receiver compares Xon1 or Xon2, Xoff1 or Xoff2
1
1
1
1
Transmit Xon1 and Xon2, Xoff1 and Xoff2
Receiver compares Xon1 and Xon2, Xoff1 and Xoff2
0
0
1
1
No transmit flow control
Receiver compares Xon1 and Xon2, Xoff1 and Xoff2
4.14
TRANSMIT AND RECEIVE SOFTWARE FLOW CONTROL
XOFF1, XOFF2, XON1 and XON2 Registers - Write Only
These registers are used to program the Xoff1, Xoff2, Xon1 and Xon2 control characters respectively.
46
XR16M698
REV. 1.0.0
4.15
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
XCHAR Register - Read Only
This register gives the status of the last sent control character (xon or xoff) and the last received control
character (xon or xoff). This register will be reset to 0x00 if, at anytime, the Software Flow Control is disabled.
XCHAR [7:4] : Reserved
XCHAR [3]: Transmit Xon Indicator
If the last transmitted control character was a xon character or characters (xon1, xon2), this bit will be set to a
logic 1. This bit will clear after the read.
XCHAR [2]: Transmit Xoff Indicator
If the last transmitted control character was a xoff character or characters (xoff1, xoff2), this bit will be set to a
logic 1. This bit will clear after the read.
XCHAR [1]: Xon Detect Indicator
If the last received control character was a xon character or characters (xon1, xon2), this bit will be set to a
logic 1. This bit will clear after the read.
XCHAR [0]: Xoff Detect Indicator
If the last received control character was a xoff character or characters (xoff1, xoff2), this bit will be set to a
logic 1. This bit will clear after the read.
47
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
TABLE 19: UART RESET CONDITIONS
REGISTERS
RESET STATE
DLL
DLM = 0x00 and DLL = 0x01. Only resets to these values during a
power up. They do not reset when the Reset pin is asserted.
DLM
Bits 7-0 = 0x00
DLD
Bits 7-0 = 0x00
RHR
Bits 7-0 = 0xXX
THR
Bits 7-0 = 0xXX
IER
Bits 7-0 = 0x00
FCR
Bits 7-0 = 0x00
ISR
Bits 7-0 = 0x01
LCR
Bits 7-0 = 0x00
MCR
Bits 7-0 = 0x00
LSR
Bits 7-0 = 0x60
MSR
Bits 3-0 = logic 0
Bits 7-4 = logic levels of the inputs
SPR
Bits 7-0 = 0xFF
FCTR
Bits 7-0 = 0x00
EFR
Bits 7-0 = 0x00
TFCNT
Bits 7-0 = 0x00
TFTRG
Bits 7-0 = 0x00
RFCNT
Bits 7-0 = 0x00
RFTRG
Bits 7-0 = 0x00
XCHAR
Bits 7-0 = 0x00
XON1
Bits 7-0 = 0x00
XON2
Bits 7-0 = 0x00
XOFF1
Bits 7-0 = 0x00
XOFF2
Bits 7-0 = 0x00
I/O SIGNALS
RESET STATE
TX[7:0]
HIGH
RTS#[7:0]
HIGH
DTR#[7:0]
HIGH
48
REV. 1.0.0
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
REV. 1.0.0
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Power Supply Range
3.63V
Voltage at Any Pin
-0.5 to VCC+0.3V
Operating Temperature
-40o to +85o C
Storage Temperature
-65o to +150o C
Package Dissipation
500 mW
θ-ja = 34°C/W , θ-jc = 9°C/W
Thermal Resistance (14x20x3.0mm 100-QFP)
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
TA=0o to 70oC (-40o to +85oC for industrial grade package), Vcc is 1.62V to 3.63V
PARAMETER
1.8V
MIN
1.8V
MAX
2.5V
MIN
2.5V
MAX
3.3V
MIN
MAX
VILCK
Clock input low level
-0.3
0.3
-0.3
0.6
-0.3
0.6
V
VIHCK
Clock input high level
1.4
VCC
1.8
VCC
2.4
VCC
V
VIL
Input Low Voltage
-0.3
-0.2
-0.3
0.5
-0.3
0.7
V
VIH
Input High Voltage
1.4
VCC
1.8
VCC
2.0
VCC
V
VOL
Output Low Voltage
0.4
V
V
V
IOL = 6mA
V
V
V
IOH = -6mA
SYMBO
L
3.3
0.4
0.4
VOH
Output High Voltage
2.4
1.8
1.4
UNITS
CONDITIONS
IOL = 3mA
IOH = -3mA
IIL
Input Low Leakage Current
-10
-10
-10
uA
IIH
Input High Leakage Current
10
10
10
uA
CIN
Input Pin Capacitance
5
5
5
pF
ICC
Power Supply Current
0.5
1
2
mA
EXT Clock=2MHz
A7-A0 at GND, all
inputs at VCC or
GND and outputs
unloaded
Sleep Current
30
30
30
uA
Eight UARTs asleep.
A7-A0 at GND, all
inputs at VCC or
GND and outputs
unloaded.
ISLEEP
49
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
REV. 1.0.0
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
TA=0o to 70oC (-40o to +85oC for industrial grade package), Vcc is 1.62V to 3.63V, 70 pF Load where
applicable
SYMBOL
PARAMETER
1.8V
MIN
1.8V
MAX
18
2.5V
MIN
2.5V
MAX
10
3.3V
MIN
3.3V
MAX
TC1,TC2
Clock Pulse Period
TOSC
Crystal Frequency
15
24
24
MHz
TECK
External Clock Frequency
15
40
60
MHz
TAS
Address Setup (16 Mode)
3
3
3
ns
TAH
Address Hold (16 Mode)
3
3
3
ns
TCS
Chip Select Width (16 Mode)
90
40
35
ns
TDY
Delay between CS# Active Cycles (16 Mode)
90
40
35
ns
TRD
Read Strobe Width (16 Mode)
90
40
35
ns
TWR
Write Strobe Width (16 Mode)
90
40
35
ns
TRDV
Read Data Valid (16 Mode)
TWDS
Write Data Setup (16 Mode)
TRDH
Read Data Hold (16 Mode)
TWDH
Write Data Hold (16 Mode)
7
7
7
ns
TADS
Address Setup (68 Mode)
3
3
3
ns
TADH
Address Hold (68 Mode)
3
3
3
ns
TRWS
R/W# Setup to CS# (68 Mode)
3
3
3
ns
TRDA
Read Data Access (68 mode)
85
35
30
ns
TRDH
Read Data Hold (68 mode)
10
10
10
ns
TWDS
Write Data Setup (68 mode)
5
5
5
ns
TWDH
Write Data Hold (68 Mode)
7
7
7
ns
TRWH
CS# De-asserted to R/W# De-asserted (68
Mode)
3
3
3
ns
TCSL
CS# Width (68 Mode)
90
40
35
ns
TCSD
CS# Cycle Delay (68 Mode)
90
40
35
ns
TWDO
Delay from IOW# to Modem Output
50
50
50
ns
TMOD
Delay to set Interrupt from Modem Input
50
50
50
ns
TRSI
Delay To Reset Interrupt From IOR#
50
50
50
ns
TSSI
Delay From Stop To Set Interrupt
1
1
1
Bclk
85
5
35
5
10
50
7
UNITS
ns
30
5
10
ns
ns
10
ns
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
REV. 1.0.0
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
TA=0o to 70oC (-40o to +85oC for industrial grade package), Vcc is 1.62V to 3.63V, 70 pF Load where
applicable
SYMBOL
TRRI
PARAMETER
1.8V
MIN
1.8V
MAX
2.5V
MIN
2.5V
MAX
3.3V
MIN
3.3V
MAX
UNITS
Delay From IOR# To Reset Interrupt
45
45
45
ns
Delay From Stop To Interrupt
45
45
45
ns
TWRI
Delay From IOW# To Reset Interrupt
45
45
45
ns
TRST
Reset Pulse
Bclk
Baud Clock
TSI
40
40
40
16X or 8X or 4X of data rate
51
ns
Hz
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
REV. 1.0.0
FIGURE 16. 16 MODE (INTEL) DATA BUS READ AND WRITE TIMING
A0-A7
Valid Address
TAS
Valid Address
TAS
TAH
TCS
TAH
CS#
TDY
TRD
IOR#
TRDH
TRDV
D0-D7
TRDH
TRDV
Valid Data
Valid Data
16Read
16 Mode (Intel) Data Bus Read Timing
A0-A7
Valid Address
TAS
Valid Address
TAS
TAH
TCS
TAH
CS#
TDY
TWR
IOW#
TWDS
D0-D7
TWDH
Valid Data
TWDS
TWDH
Valid Data
16Write
16 Mode (Intel) Data Bus Write Timing
52
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
REV. 1.0.0
FIGURE 17. 68 MODE (MOTOROLA) DATA BUS READ AND WRITE TIMING
A0-A7
Valid Address
TADS
TCSL
Valid Address
TADH
CS#
TCSD
TRWS
TRWH
R/W#
TRDH
TRDA
D0-D7
Valid Data
Valid Data
68Read
68 Mode (Motorola) Data Bus Read Timing
A0-A7
Valid Address
TADS
TCSL
Valid Address
TADH
CS#
TCSD
TRWS
TRWH
R/W#
TWDS
D0-D7
TWDH
Valid Data
Valid Data
68Write
68 Mode (Motorola) Data Bus Write Timing
53
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
REV. 1.0.0
FIGURE 18. MODEM INPUT/OUTPUT TIMING
IOW #
Active
T W DO
RTS#
DTR#
Change of state
Change of state
CD#
CTS#
DSR#
Change of state
Change of state
T MOD
T MO D
INT
Active
Active
Active
T RSI
IOR#
Active
Active
Active
T M OD
Change of state
RI#
FIGURE 19. RECEIVE INTERRUPT TIMING [NON-FIFO MODE]
RX
INT#
Start
Bit
D0:D7
Stop
Bit
D0:D7
1 Byte
in RHR
D0:D7
1 Byte
in RHR
T RR
T RR
IO R#
(Reading data
out of RHR)
54
1 Byte
in RHR
T RR
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
REV. 1.0.0
FIGURE 20. TRANSMIT INTERRUPT TIMING [NON-FIFO MODE]
TX
S ta rt
B it
(U n lo a d in g )
IE R [1 ]
e n a b le d
S to p
B it
D 0 :D 7
D 0 :D 7
IS R is re a d
D 0 :D 7
IS R is re a d
IS R is re a d
IN T # *
TW RI
TW RI
TW RI
IO W #
(L o a d in g d a ta
in to T H R )
*T X in te rru p t is c le a re d w h e n th e IS R is re a d o r w h e n d a ta is lo a d e d in to th e T H R .
FIGURE 21. RECEIVE INTERRUPT TIMING [FIFO MODE]
Start
Bit
RX
S D0:D7
S D0:D7 T
D0:D7
S D0:D7 T
S D0:D7 T S D0:D7 T
S D0:D7 T
T SSI
INT#
RX FIFO drops
below RX
Trigger Level
RX FIFO fills up to RX
Trigger Level or RX Data
Tim eout
T RRI
T RR
IOR#
(Reading data out
of RX FIFO)
FIGURE 22. TRANSMIT INTERRUPT TIMING [FIFO MODE]
TX FIFO
Em pty
TX
Start
B it
S
(Unloading)
IER [1]
enabled
S top
Bit
D 0:D 7 T
Last Data B yte
Transm itted
S D 0:D 7
T S
T S
D 0:D 7 T
D0:D 7 T S D 0:D 7 T
T SI
ISR is read
INT#*
TX FIFO fills up
to trigger level
TW RI
TX FIFO drops
below trigger level
IO W #
(Loading data
into FIFO )
*TX interrupt is cleared when the ISR is read or when TX FIFO fills up to the trigger level.
55
ISR is read
S
D 0:D 7 T
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
REV. 1.0.0
NOTICE
EXAR Corporation reserves the right to make changes to the products contained in this publication in order to
improve design, performance or reliability. EXAR Corporation assumes no responsibility for the use of any
circuits described herein, conveys no license under any patent or other right, and makes no representation that
the circuits are free of patent infringement. Charts and schedules contained here in are only for illustration
purposes and may vary depending upon a user’s specific application. While the information in this publication
has been carefully checked; no responsibility, however, is assumed for inaccuracies.
EXAR Corporation does not recommend the use of any of its products in life support applications where the
failure or malfunction of the product can reasonably be expected to cause failure of the life support system or
to significantly affect its safety or effectiveness. Products are not authorized for use in such applications unless
EXAR Corporation receives, in writing, assurances to its satisfaction that: (a) the risk of injury or damage has
been minimized; (b) the user assumes all such risks; (c) potential liability of EXAR Corporation is adequately
protected under the circumstances.
Copyright 2008 EXAR Corporation
Datasheet May 2008.
Send your UART technical inquiry with technical details to hotline: [email protected].
Reproduction, in part or whole, without the prior written consent of EXAR Corporation is prohibited.
56
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
REV. 1.0.0
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
100 LEAD PLASTIC QUAD FLAT P
(14 mm x 20 mm, QFP)
Rev. 2.00
D
D1
80
51
81
50
E1 E
100
31
1
A2
30
B
e
C
A
Seating Plane
α
A1
L
SYMBOL
A
A1
A2
B
C
D
D1
E
E1
e
L
α
1.95 mm Form
INCHES
MILLIMETERS
MIN
MAX
MIN
MAX
0.102
0.134
2.60
3.40
0.002
0.014
0.05
0.35
0.100
0.120
2.55
3.05
0.009
0.015
0.22
0.38
0.005
0.009
0.13
0.23
0.931
0.951
23.65
24.15
0.783
0.791
19.90
20.10
0.695
0.715
17.65
18.15
0.547
0.555
13.90
14.10
0.0256 BSC
0.65 BSC
0.026
0.037
0.65
0.95
0°
7°
0°
7°
Note: The control dimension is the millimeter column
57
XR16M698
1.62V TO 3.63V HIGH PERFORMANCE OCTAL UART WITH 32-BYTE FIFO
REVISION HISTORY
REVISION
DATE
DESCRIPTION
P1.0.0
May 2008
Preliminary Datasheet.
1.0.0
May 2008
Final Datasheet. Updated DC and AC Electrical Characteristics.
58
REV. 1.0.0