MQHL-28-12S Single Output H IGH R ELIABILITY DC-DC C ONVERTER 16-50 V 12 V 4.0 A 88% @ 2 A / 88% @ 4 A a pu d bl va ic n at ce io d n 16-40 V Continuous Input Transient Input Output Output F ULL P OWER O PERATION : -55ºC TO Efficiency +125ºC The MilQor series of high-reliability DC-DC converters brings SynQor’s field proven high-efficiency synchronous rectifier technology to the Military/Aerospace industry. SynQor’s innovative QorSeal™ packaging approach ensures survivability in the most hostile environments. Compatible with the industry standard format, these B Y-H 2S- converters operate at a fixed frequency, have no opto- 8-1 L-2 H MQ isolators, and follow conservative component derating ut 2Vo 4A n1 i 28V guidelines. They are designed and manufactured to comply with a wide range of military standards. Design Process MQHL series converters are: • Designed for reliability per NAVSO-P3641-A guidelines • Designed with components derated per: — MIL-HDBK-1547A — NAVSO P-3641A Qualification Process MQHL series converters are qualified to: • MIL-STD-810F — consistent with RTCA/D0-160E • SynQor’s First Article Qualification — consistent with MIL-STD-883F • SynQor’s Long-Term Storage Survivability Qualification • SynQor’s on-going life test DESIGNED & MANUFACTURED IN THE USA FEATURING QORSEAL™ HI-REL ASSEMBLY Features • • • • • • • • Fixed switching frequency No opto-isolators Remote sense Clock synchronization Primary referenced enable Continuous short circuit and overload protection Input under-voltage lockout/over-voltage shutdown Output under voltage and over voltage protection Specification Compliance In-Line Manufacturing Process • • • • • • AS9100 and ISO 9001:2000 certified facility Full component traceability Temperature cycling Constant acceleration 24, 96, 160 hour burn-in Three level temperature screening Product # MQHL-28-12S Phone 1-888-567-9596 MQHL series converters (with MQHE filter) are designed to meet: • MIL-HDBK-704-8 (A through F) • RTCA/DO-160E Section 16 • MIL-STD-1275B • DEF-STAN 61-5 (part 6)/5 • MIL-STD-461 (C, D, E) • RTCA/DO-160E Section 22 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005233 Rev. 1 05/28/09 Page 1 MQHL-28-12S Output: 12 V Current: 4 A Technical Specification a pu d bl va ic n at ce io d n BLOCK DIAGRAM 7 ISOLATION STAGE REGULATION STAGE 1 CURRENT SENSE POSITIVE INPUT T1 T2 T1 POSITIVE OUTPUT T2 2 8 INPUT RETURN OUTPUT RETURN 3 CASE GATE CONTROL GATE DRIVERS 12 UVLO OVSD NO CONNECT CURRENT LIMIT 11 4 ENABLE 1 CONTROL POWER OVP PRIMARY CONTROL 5 MAGNETIC TRIM SECONDARY CONTROL 10 + SENSE SYNC OUT 6 9 FEEDBACK − SENSE SYNC IN TYPICAL CONNECTION DIAGRAM 28 Vdc + open means on Product # MQHL-28-12S 1 +VIN 2 IN RTN 3 CASE 4 ENA 1 5 SYNC OUT 6 SYNC IN Phone 1-888-567-9596 N/C 12 TRIM 11 MQHL www.synqor.com +SNS 10 -SNS 9 OUT RTN 8 +VOUT 7 Doc.# 005-0005233 Rev. 1 + Load 05/28/09 Page 2 MQHL-28-12S Output: 12 V Current: 4 A Technical Specification MQHL-28-12S ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Units Notes & Conditions Vin=28 V dc ±5%, Iout=4 A, CL=0 µF, free running (see Note 9) unless otherwise specified (see Note 12) a pu d bl va ic n at ce io d n ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Input Voltage Non-Operating Operating Reverse Bias (Tcase = 125ºC) Reverse Bias (Tcase = -55ºC) Isolation Voltage (I/O to case, I to O) Continuous Transient (≤100 µs) Operating Case Temperature Storage Case Temperature Lead Temperature (20 s) Voltage at ENA1, ENA2 INPUT CHARACTERISTICS Operating Input Voltage Range “ Input Under-Voltage Lockout Turn-On Voltage Threshold Turn-Off Voltage Threshold Lockout Voltage Hysteresis Input Over-Voltage Shutdown Turn-Off Voltage Threshold Turn-On Voltage Threshold Shutdown Voltage Hysteresis Maximum Input Current No Load Input Current (operating) Disabled Input Current (ENA) Input Terminal Current Ripple (pk-pk) OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS Output Voltage Set Point (Tcase = 25ºC) Output Voltage Set Point Over Temperature Output Voltage Line Regulation Output Voltage Load Regulation Total Output Voltage Range Output Voltage Ripple and Noise Peak to Peak Operating Output Current Range Operating Output Power Range Output DC Current-Limit Inception Back-Drive Current Limit while Enabled Back-Drive Current Limit while Disabled Maximum Output Capacitance DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS Output Voltage Deviation Load Transient For a Pos. Step Change in Load Current For a Neg. Step Change in Load Current Output Voltage Deviation Line Transient For a Pos. Step Change in Line Voltage For a Neg. Step Change in Line Voltage Turn-On Transient Output Voltage Rise Time Output Voltage Overshoot Turn-On Delay, Rising Vin Turn-On Delay, Rising ENA Restart Inhibit Time Short Circuit Start Time EFFICIENCY Iout = 4 A (16 Vin) Iout = 2 A (16 Vin) Iout = 4 A (28 Vin) Iout = 2 A (28 Vin) Iout = 4 A (40 Vin) Iout = 2 A (40 Vin) Load Fault Power Dissipation Short Circuit Power Dissipation Group A Subgroup Product # MQHL-28-12S -500 -800 -55 -65 -1.2 60 50 -0.8 -1.2 V V V V 500 800 125 135 300 50 V V °C °C °C V 16 16 28 28 40 50 V V 14.75 14.00 0.80 15.50 14.75 0.85 16.00 15.50 0.90 V V V 52.0 50.5 1.0 55.0 53.5 1.5 58.0 56.5 2.0 3.9 100 15 60 V V V A mA mA mA 75 10 40 11.88 12.00 12.12 11.808 12.00 12.192 -20 0 20 -70 0 70 11.76 12.00 12.24 15 45 0 4 0 48 4.4 5 5.5 1.2 10 30 5,000 -750 -400 400 -100 -100 15 TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD Phone 1-888-567-9596 6 0 5.5 3.0 180 20 89 90 88 88 86 85 TBD TBD V V mV mV V mV A W A A mA µF 750 mV mV 100 100 mV mV 10 2 8.0 6.0 250 25 ms % ms ms ms ms TBD TBD % % % % % % W W www.synqor.com See Note 1 See Note 2 Continuous Transient, 1 s See Note 3 1, 2, 3 4, 5, 6 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 See Note 3 Vin = 16 V; Iout = 4 A Vin = 16 V, 28 V, 50 V Bandwidth = 100 kHz – 10 MHz; see Figure 14 Vout at sense leads “ “ ; Vin = 16 V, 28 V, 50 V; Iout=4 A “ ; Vout @ (Iout=0 A) - Vout @ (Iout=4 A) “ Bandwidth = 10 MHz; CL=11µF See Note 4 See Note 6 Total Iout step = 2A‹-›4A, 0.4A‹-›2A; CL=11µF “ Vin step = 16V‹-›50V; CL=11 µF; see Note 8 “ “ Vout = 1.2V-›10.8V; Full Resistive Load Resistive load ENA = 5 V; see Notes 9 & 11 See Note 9 See Note 11 Iout at current limit inception point; see Note 4 Vout ≤ 1.2 V Doc.# 005-0005233 Rev. 1 05/28/09 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 See Note 5 4, 5, 6 4, 5, 6 4, 5, 6 4, 5, 6 4, 5, 6 See Note 5 4, 5, 6 4, 5, 6 4, 5, 6 4, 5, 6 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Page 3 MQHL-28-12S Output: 12 V Current: 4 A Technical Specification MQHL-28-12S ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Continued) Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Units Notes & Conditions Vin=28 V dc ±5%, Iout=4 A, CL=0 µF, free running (see Note 9) unless otherwise specified Group A Subgroup (see Note 12) a pu d bl va ic n at ce io d n ISOLATION CHARACTERISTICS Isolation Voltage Dielectric strength Input RTN to Output RTN 500 V 1 Any Input Pin to Case 500 V 1 Any Output Pin to Case 500 V 1 Isolation Resistance (in rtn to out rtn) 100 MΩ 1 Isolation Resistance (any pin to case) 100 MΩ 1 Isolation Capacitance (in rtn to out rtn) 22 nF 1 FEATURE CHARACTERISTICS Switching Frequency (free running) 500 550 600 kHz 1, 2, 3 Synchronization Input Frequency Range 500 700 kHz 1, 2, 3 Logic Level High 2.0 5.5 V 1, 2, 3 Logic Level Low -0.5 0.8 V 1, 2, 3 Duty Cycle 20 80 % See Note Synchronization Output Pull Down Current 20 mA VSYNC OUT = 0.8 V See Note Duty Cycle 40 60 % Output connected to SYNC IN of other MQFL unit See Note Enable Control (ENA) Off-State Voltage 0.8 V 1, 2, 3 Module Off Pulldown Current 80 µA Current drain required to ensure module is off See Note On-State Voltage 2 V 1, 2, 3 Module On Pin Leakage Current 20 µA Imax draw from pin allowed with module still on See Note Pull-Up Voltage 3.2 4.0 4.8 V See Figure A 1, 2, 3 RELIABILITY CHARACTERISTICS Calculated MTBF (MIL-STD-217F2) GB @ Tcase = 70ºC 2800 103 Hrs. AIF @ Tcase = 70ºC 440 103 Hrs. Demonstrated MTBF TBD 103 Hrs. WEIGHT CHARACTERISTICS Device Weight 50 g Electrical Characteristics Notes 1. Converter will undergo input over-voltage shutdown. 2. Derate output power to 50% of rated power at Tcase = 135º C. 3. High or low state of input voltage must persist for about 200µs to be acted on by the lockout or shutdown circuitry. 4. Current limit inception is defined as the point where the output voltage has dropped to 90% of its nominal value. 5. Parameter not tested but guaranteed to the limit specified. 6. Load current transition time ≥ 10 µs. 7. Line voltage transition time ≥ 100 µs. 8. Input voltage rise time ≤ 250 µs. 9. Operating the converter at a synchronization frequency above the free running frequency will slightly reduce the converter’s efficiency and may also cause a slight reduction in the maximum output current/power available. For more information consult the factory. 10. After a disable or fault event, module is inhibited from restarting for 180 ms. See Shut Down section. 11. The module will attempt to start into an overload for 20ms before shutting down and waiting to Auto Retry. 12. Only the ES and HB grade products are tested at three temperatures. The C grade products are tested at one temperature. Please refer to the ESS table for details. 13. These derating curves apply for the ES- and HB- grade products. The C- grade product has a maximum case temperature of 100º C and a maximum junction temperature rise of 20º C above Tcase. Product # MQHL-28-12S Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005233 Rev. 1 05/28/09 5 5 5 5 5 Page 4 MQHL-28-12S Output: 12 V Current: 4 A a pu d bl va ic n at ce io d n Technical Specification To be provided in future revisions. To be provided in future revisions. Figure 1: Efficiency at nominal output voltage vs. load current for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at TCASE =25°C. Figure 2: Efficiency at nominal output voltage and 60% rated power vs. case temperature for input voltage of 155V, 270V, and 400V. Figure 3: Power dissipation at nominal output voltage vs. load current for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at TCASE =25°C. Figure 4: Power dissipation at nominal output voltage and 60% rated power vs. case temperature for input voltage of 155V, 270V, and 400V. 5 60 4 48 3 36 2 24 Pout (W) To be provided in future revisions. Iout (A) To be provided in future revisions. To be provided in future revisions. Tjmax = 105º C 1 12 Tjmax = 125º C Tjmax = 145º C 0 0 25 45 65 85 105 125 135 145 Case Temperature (ºC) Figure 5: Output Current / Output Power derating curve as a function of TCASE and the Maximum desired power MOSFET junction temperature. Vin = 270V. Product # MQHL-28-12S Phone 1-888-567-9596 Figure 6: Output voltage vs. load current showing typical current limit curves. See Current Limit section in the Application Notes. www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005233 Rev. 1 05/28/09 Page 5 MQHL-28-12S Output: 12 V Current: 4 A a pu d bl va ic n at ce io d n Technical Specification To be provided in future revisions. To be provided in future revisions. Figure 7: Turn-on transient at full resistive load and zero output capacitance initiated by ENA1. Input voltage pre-applied. Ch 1: Vout (2 V/div). Ch 2: ENA1 (2 V/div). Figure 8: Turn-on 10 A resistive and 5 mF output capacitance initiated by ENA1. Input voltage pre-applied. Ch 1: Vout (2 V/div). Ch 2: ENA1 (2 V/div). To be provided in future revisions. To be provided in future revisions. Figure 9: Turn-on transient at full resistive load and zero output capacitance initiated by Vin. ENA1 previously high. Ch 1: Vout (2 V/div). Ch 2: Vin (2 V/div). Figure 10: Output voltage response to step-change in load current 50%- 100%-50% of Iout (max). Load cap: 1 µF ceramic cap and 10 µF, 100 mW ESR tantalum cap. Ch 1: Vout (100 mV/div). Ch 2: Iout (5 A/div). To be provided in future revisions. To be provided in future revisions. Figure 11: Output voltage response to step-change in load current Figure 12: Output voltage response to step-change in input voltage 0%-50%-0% of Iout (max). Load cap: 1µF ceramic cap and 10µF, 100 mW ESR tantalum cap. Ch 1: Vout (100 mV/div). Ch 2: Iout (5 A/div). (16 V - 50 V - 16 V) in 250 µS. Ch 1: Vout (200 mV/div). Ch 2: Vin (10 V/div). Product # MQHL-28-12S Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005233 Rev. 1 05/28/09 Page 6 MQHL-28-12S Output: 12 V Current: 4 A Technical Specification See Fig. 14 a pu d bl va ic n at ce io d n See Fig. 15 MQHE Filter VSOURCE iC MQHL Converter VOUT 1 µF To be provided in future revisions. 10 µF, ceramic 100mW ESR capacitor capacitor Figure 13: Test set-up diagram showing measurement points for Input Terminal Ripple Current (Figure 14) and Output Voltage Ripple (Figure 15). Figure 14: Input terminal current ripple, ic, at full rated output current and nominal input voltage with SynQor MQ filter module (50 mA/div). Bandwidth: 20MHz. See Figure 13. To be provided in future revisions. To be provided in future revisions. Figure 15: Output voltage ripple, Vout, at nominal input voltage and rated load current (20 mV/div). Load capacitance: 1µF ceramic capacitor and 10µF tantalum capacitor. Bandwidth: 10 MHz. See Figure 13. Figure 16: Rise of output voltage after the removal of a short circuit across the output terminals. Ch 1: Vout (2V/div). Ch 2: Iout (10A/div). Figure 17: SYNC OUT vs. time, driving SYNC IN of a second SynQor MQHL converter. Ch1: SYNC OUT: (1V/div). Product # MQHL-28-12S Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005233 Rev. 1 05/28/09 Page 7 MQHL-28-12S Output: 12 V Current: 4 A Technical Specification CONTROL FEATURES The MQHL DC/DC converter uses a two-stage power conversion topology. The first, or regulation, stage is a buck-converter that keeps the output voltage constant over variations in line, load, and temperature. The second, or isolation, stage uses transformers to provide the functions of input/output isolation and voltage transformation to achieve the output voltage required. ENABLE: The MQFL converter has one enable pin, ENA1 (pin 4), which is referenced with respect to the converter’s input return (pin 2). It must have a logic high level for the converter to be enabled; a logic low inhibits the converter. a pu d bl va ic n at ce io d n BASIC OPERATION AND FEATURES Both the regulation and the isolation stages switch at a fixed frequency for predictable EMI performance. The isolation stage switches at one half the frequency of the regulation stage, but due to the push-pull nature of this stage it creates a ripple at double its switching frequency. As a result, both the input and the output of the converter have a fundamental ripple frequency of about 550 kHz in the freerunning mode. Rectification of the isolation stage’s output is accomplished with synchronous rectifiers. These devices, which are MOSFETs with a very low resistance, dissipate far less energy than would Schottky diodes. This is the primary reason why the MQHL converters have such high efficiency, particularly at low output voltages. Besides improving efficiency, the synchronous rectifiers permit operation down to zero load current. There is no longer a need for a minimum load, as is typical for converters that use diodes for rectification. The synchronous rectifiers actually permit a negative load current to flow back into the converter’s output terminals if the load is a source of short or long term energy. The MQHL converters employ a “backdrive current limit” to keep this negative output terminal current small. There is a control circuit in the MQHL converter that determines the conduction state of the power switches. It communicates across the isolation barrier through a magnetically coupled device. No opto-isolators are used. An input under-voltage lockout feature with hysteresis is provided, as well as an input over-voltage shutdown and an output over-voltage limit. There is also an output current limit that is nearly constant as the load impedance decreases (i.e., there is not fold-back or fold-forward characteristic to the output current under this condition). When a load fault is removed, the output voltage rises exponentially to its nominal value without an overshoot. If a load fault pulls the output voltage below about 60% of nominal, the converter will shut down to attempt to clear the load fault. After a short delay it will try to auto-restart. The MQHL converter’s control circuit does not implement an over-temperature shutdown. The following sections describe the use and operation of additional control features provided by the MQHL converter. Product # MQHL-28-12S Phone 1-888-567-9596 The enable pin is internally pulled high so that an open connection will enable the converter. Figure A shows the equivalent circuit looking into the enable pin. It is TTL compatible and has hysteresis. 5V 82.5K PIN4 PIN2 ENA1 10K TO ENABLE CIRCUITRY IN RTN Figure A: Equivalent circuit looking into the ENA1 pin. SHUT DOWN: The MQHL converter will shut down in response to only five conditions: ENA input low, VIN input below under-voltage lockout threshold, VIN input above over-voltage shutdown threshold, output voltage below the output under-voltage threshold, and output voltage above the output over-voltage threshold. Following any shutdown event, there is a startup inhibit delay which will prevent the converter from restarting for approximately 100ms. After the 100ms delay elapses, if the enable inputs are high and the input voltage is within the operating range, the converter will restart. If the VIN input is brought down to nearly 0V and back into the operating range, there is no startup inhibit, and the output voltage will rise according to the “Turn-On Delay, Rising Vin” specification. REMOTE SENSE: The purpose of the remote sense pins is to correct for the voltage drop along the conductors that connect the converter’s output to the load. To achieve this goal, a separate conductor should be used to connect the +SENSE pin (pin 10) directly to the positive terminal of the load, as shown in the connection diagram on Page 2. Similarly, the –SENSE pin (pin 9) should be connected through a separate conductor to the return terminal of the load. NOTE: Even if remote sensing of the load voltage is not desired, the +SENSE and the -SENSE pins must be connected to +Vout (pin 7) and OUTPUT RETURN (pin 8), respectively, to get proper regulation of the converter’s output. If they are left open, the converter will have an output voltage that is approximately 200mV higher than its specified value. www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005233 Rev. 1 05/28/09 Page 8 MQHL-28-12S Output: 12 V Current: 4 A Technical Specification Inside the converter, +SENSE is connected to +Vout with a 100Ω resistor and –SENSE is connected to OUTPUT RETURN with a 10Ω resistor. 5V a pu d bl va ic n at ce io d n It is also important to note that when remote sense is used, the voltage across the converter’s output terminals (pins 7 and 8) will be higher than the converter’s nominal output voltage due to resistive drops along the connecting wires. This higher voltage at the terminals produces a greater voltage stress on the converter’s internal components and may cause the converter to fail to deliver the desired output voltage at the low end of the input voltage range at the higher end of the load current and temperature range. Please consult the factory for details. Figure B shows the equivalent circuit looking into the SYNC IN pin and Figure C shows the equivalent circuit looking into the SYNC OUT pin. SYNCHRONIZATION: The MQHL converter’s switching frequency can be synchronized to an external frequency source that is in the 500 kHz to 700 kHz range. A pulse train at the desired frequency should be applied to the SYNC IN pin (pin 6) with respect to the INPUT RETURN (pin 2). This pulse train should have a duty cycle in the 20% to 80% range. Its low value should be below 0.8V to be guaranteed to be interpreted as a logic low, and its high value should be above 2.0V to be guaranteed to be interpreted as a logic high. The transition time between the two states should be less than 300ns. If the MQHL converter is not to be synchronized, the SYNC IN pin should be left open circuit. The converter will then operate in its free-running mode at a frequency of approximately 550 kHz. If, due to a fault, the SYNC IN pin is held in either a logic low or logic high state continuously, or the SYNC IN frequency is outside the 500-700 kHz range, the MQHL converter will revert to its free-running frequency. The MQHL converter also has a SYNC OUT pin (pin 5). This output can be used to drive the SYNC IN pins of as many as ten (10) other MQHL converters. The pulse train coming out of SYNC OUT has a duty cycle of 50% and a frequency that matches the switching frequency of the converter with which it is associated. This frequency is either the free-running frequency if there is no valid synchronization signal at the SYNC IN pin, or the synchronization frequency if there is. The synchronization feature is entirely compatible with that of SynQor’s MQFL family of converters. 5V 5K PIN 6 PIN 2 SYNC IN 5K TO SYNC CIRCUITRY PIN 5 IN RTN PIN 2 OPEN COLLECTOR OUTPUT Figure C: Equivalent circuit looking into SYNC OUT pin with respect to the IN RTN (input return) pin. OUTPUT VOLTAGE TRIM: the TRIM pin (pin 11) can adjust the MQHL converter’s output voltage ±10% around its nominal value. To trim the output voltage above its nominal value, connect an external resistor from the TRIM pin to the –SENSE pin as shown in Figure D. The value of this trim up resistor should be chosen according to the following equation or from Figure E: Rtrim up(Ω) = 6000Ω *Vnom Vout – Vnom - 30000Ω where: Vnom = the converter’s nominal output voltage, Vout = the desired output voltage (greater than Vnom), and Rtrim up is in Ohms. As the output voltage is trimmed up, it produces a greater voltage stress on the converter’s internal components and may cause the converter to fail to deliver the desired output voltage at the low end of the input voltage range at the higher end of the load current and temperature range. Please consult the factory for details. To trim the output voltage below its nominal value, connect an external resistor between the TRIM pin and the +SENSE pin. The value of this trim down resistor should be chosen according to the following equation or from Figure E: Rtrim down(Ω ) = 5K SYNC OUT FROM SYNC CIRCUITRY 15000Ω *Vout—6000Ω *Vnom Vnom—Vout - 30000Ω where: Vnom = the converter’s nominal output voltage, IN RTN and Figure B: Equivalent circuit looking into the SYNC IN pin with respect to the IN RTN (input return) pin. Product # MQHL-28-12S Phone 1-888-567-9596 Vout = the desired output voltage (less than Vnom), Rtrim down is in Ohms. Factory trimmed converters are available by request. www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005233 Rev. 1 05/28/09 Page 9 MQHL-28-12S Output: 12 V Current: 4 A Technical Specification shutdown threshold does not change with output trim or sense drops; excessive trim-up or output wiring drops may cause an output over-voltage shutdown event. After a startup inhibit delay, the converter will attempt to restart. 10000 Trim Down OUTPUT UNDER-VOLTAGE SHUTDOWN: The MQHL converter will also shut down if the voltage at its power output pins ever dips below 60% of the nominal value for more than a few milliseconds. Output voltage reduction due to output current overload (current limit) is the most common trigger for this shutdown. The shutdown threshold does not change with output trim but at only 10%, trimdown should not trigger this event. After a startup inhibit delay, the converter will attempt to restart. This shutdown is disabled during startup. a pu d bl va ic n at ce io d n External Trim Resistance (kOhms) Trim Up 1000 100 10 -10% -8% -6% -4% -2% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% Output Voltage Adjustment Figure D: Trim up and Trim down as a function of external trim resistance. INPUT UNDER-VOLTAGE LOCKOUT: The MQHL converter has an under-voltage lockout feature that ensures the converter will be off if the input voltage is too low. The input voltage turn-on threshold is higher than the turn-off threshold. In addition, the MQHL converter will not respond to a state of the input voltage unless it has remained in that state for more than about 200µs. This hysteresis and the delay ensure proper operation when the source impedance is high or in a noisy environment. INPUT OVER-VOLTAGE SHUTDOWN: The MQHL converter also has an over-voltage feature that ensures the converter will be off if the input voltage is too high. It also has a hysteresis and time delay to ensure proper operation. OUTPUT OVER-VOLTAGE SHUTDOWN: The MQHL converter will shut down if the voltage at its power output pins ever exceeds about 130% of the nominal value. The BACK-DRIVE CURRENT LIMIT: Converters that use MOSFETs as synchronous rectifiers are capable of drawing a negative current from the load if the load is a source of short- or long-term energy. This negative current is referred to as a “back-drive current”. Conditions where back-drive current might occur include paralleled converters that do not employ current sharing. It can also occur when converters having different output voltages are connected together through either explicit or parasitic diodes that, while normally off, become conductive during startup or shutdown. Finally, some loads, such as motors, can return energy to their power rail. Even a load capacitor is a source of back-drive energy for some period of time during a shutdown transient. To avoid any problems that might arise due to back-drive current, the MQHL converters limit the negative current that the converter can draw from its output terminals. The threshold for this back-drive current limit is placed sufficiently below zero so that the converter may operate properly down to zero load, but its absolute value (see the Electrical Characteristics page) is small compared to the converter’s rated output current. RTRIM DOWN 1 28 Vdc + - 2 IN RTN 3 CASE 4 open means on N/C 12 TRIM 11 +VIN ENA 1 MQHL 5 SYNC OUT 6 SYNC IN RTRIM UP +SNS 10 -SNS 9 + Load OUT RTN 8 +VOUT 7 Figure E: Typical connection for output voltage trimming. Product # MQHL-28-12S Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005233 Rev. 1 05/28/09 Page 10 MQHL-28-12S Output: 12 V Current: 4 A Technical Specification When the converter is mounted on a metal plate, the plate will help to make the converter’s case bottom a uniform temperature. How well it does so depends on the thickness of the plate and on the thermal conductance of the interface layer (e.g. thermal grease, thermal pad, etc.) between the case and the plate. Unless this is done very well, it is important not to mistake the plate’s temperature for the maximum case temperature. It is easy for them to be as much as 5-10ºC different at full power and at high temperatures. It is suggested that a thermocouple be attached directly to the converter’s case through a small hole in the plate when investigating how hot the converter is getting. Care must also be made to ensure that there is not a large thermal resistance between the thermocouple and the case due to whatever adhesive might be used to hold the thermocouple in place. a pu d bl va ic n at ce io d n THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS: Figure 5 shows the suggested Power Derating Curves for this converter as a function of the case temperature and the maximum desired power MOSFET junction temperature. All other components within the converter are cooler than its hottest MOSFET, which at full power is no more than 20ºC higher than the case temperature directly below this MOSFET. The Mil-HDBK-1547A component derating guideline calls for a maximum component temperature of 105ºC. Figure 5 therefore has one power derating curve that ensures this limit is maintained. It has been SynQor’s extensive experience that reliable long-term converter operation can be achieved with a maximum component temperature of 125ºC. In extreme cases, a maximum temperature of 145ºC is permissible, but not recommended for long-term operation where high reliability is required. Derating curves for these higher temperature limits are also included in Figure 5. The maximum case temperature at which the converter should be operated is 135ºC. Product # MQHL-28-12S Phone 1-888-567-9596 INPUT SYSTEM INSTABILITY: This condition can occur because any dc-dc converter appears incrementally as a negative resistance load. A detailed application note titled “Input System Instability” is available on the SynQor website which provides an understanding of why this instability arises, and shows the preferred solution for correcting it. www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005233 Rev. 1 05/28/09 Page 11 MQHL-28-12S Output: 12 V Current: 4 A Technical Specification CONSTRUCTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS SCREENING OPTIONS Consistent with MIL-STD-883F C-Grade (-40 ºC to +100 ºC) ES-Grade (-55 ºC to +125 ºC) (Element Evaluation) HB-Grade (-55 ºC to +125 ºC) (Element Evaluation) a pu d bl va ic n at ce io d n Screening Internal Visual * Yes Yes Yes Temperature Cycle Method 1010 No Condition B (-55 ºC to +125 ºC) Condition C (-65 ºC to +150 ºC) Constant Acceleration Method 2001 (Y1 Direction) No 500g Condition A (5000g) Burn-in Method 1015 Load Cycled • 10s period • 2s @ 100% Load • 8s @ 0% Load 24 Hrs @ +125 ºC 96 Hrs @ +125 ºC 160 Hrs @ +125 ºC Final Electrical Test Method 5005 (Group A) +25 ºC -45, +25, +100 ºC -55, +25, +125 ºC Full QorSeal Full QorSeal Full QorSeal * Yes Yes QorSeal QorSeal QorSeal Mechanical Seal, Thermal, and Coating Process External Visual 2009 Construction Process * Per IPC-A-610 (Rev. D) Class 3 MilQor converters and filters are offered in four variations of construction technique and environmental stress screening options. The three highest grades, C, ES, and HB, all use SynQor’s proprietary QorSeal™ Hi-Rel assembly process that includes a Parylene-C coating of the circuit, a high performance thermal compound filler, and a nickel barrier gold plated aluminum case. Each successively higher grade has more stringent mechanical and electrical testing, as well as a longer burn-in cycle. The ES- and HB-Grades are also constructed of components that have been procured through an element evaluation process that pre-qualifies each new batch of devices. Product # MQHL-28-12S Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005233 Rev. 1 05/28/09 Page 12 MQHL-28-12S Output: 12 V Current: 4 A a pu d bl va ic n at ce io d n Technical Specification PACKAGE PINOUTS MQHL-28-12S-U-HB DC-DC CONVERTER 28Vin 12Vout @ 4A Pin # Case U Function 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 POSITIVE INPUT INPUT RETURN CASE ENABLE 1 SYNC OUTPUT SYNC INPUT POSITIVE OUTPUT OUTPUT RETURN - SENSE + SENSE TRIM No Connection NOTES 1) Case: Aluminum with gold over nickel plate finish for the C-, ES-, and HB-Grade products. 2) Pins: Diameter: 0.040" (1.02mm) Material: Copper Gold over Nickel plate Finish: 3) All dimensions as inches (mm) 4) Tolerances: a) x.xx +0.02" (x.x +0.5mm) b) x.xxx +0.010" (x.xx +0.25mm) 5) Weight: 1.6 oz. (45.4 g) typical 6) Workmanship: Meets or exceeds IPC-A-610C Class III MQHL-28-12S-W-HB DC-DC CONVERTER 28Vin 12Vout @ 4A Case W Product # MQHL-28-12S Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005233 Rev. 1 05/28/09 Page 13 MQHL-28-12S Output: 12 V Current: 4 A a pu d bl va ic n at ce io d n Technical Specification PACKAGE PINOUTS MQHL-28-12S-X-HB DC-DC CONVERTER 28Vin 12Vout @ 4A Pin # Case X Function 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 POSITIVE INPUT INPUT RETURN CASE ENABLE 1 SYNC OUTPUT SYNC INPUT POSITIVE OUTPUT OUTPUT RETURN - SENSE + SENSE TRIM No Connection NOTES 1) Case: Aluminum with gold over nickel plate finish for the C-, ES-, and HB-Grade products. 2) Pins: Diameter: 0.040” (1.02mm) Material: Copper Gold over Nickel plate Finish: 3) All dimensions as inches (mm) 4) Tolerances: a) x.xx +0.02” (x.x +0.5mm) b) x.xxx +0.010” (x.xx +0.25mm) 5) Weight: 1.6 oz. (45.4 g) typical 6) Workmanship: Meets or exceeds IPC-A-610C Class III MQHL-28-12S-Y-HB DC-DC CONVERTER 28Vin 12Vout @ 4A Case Y Product # MQHL-28-12S Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005233 Rev. 1 05/28/09 Page 14 MQHL-28-12S Output: 12 V Current: 4 A a pu d bl va ic n at ce io d n Technical Specification PACKAGE PINOUTS MQHL-28-12S-Z-HB DC-DC CONVERTER 28Vin 12Vout @ 4A Pin # Case Z Function 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 POSITIVE INPUT INPUT RETURN CASE ENABLE 1 SYNC OUTPUT SYNC INPUT POSITIVE OUTPUT OUTPUT RETURN - SENSE + SENSE TRIM No Connection NOTES 1) Case: Aluminum with gold over nickel plate finish for the C-, ES-, and HB-Grade products. 2) Pins: Diameter: 0.040” (1.02mm) Material: Copper Gold over Nickel plate Finish: 3) All dimensions as inches (mm) 4) Tolerances: a) x.xx +0.02” (x.x +0.5mm) b) x.xxx +0.010” (x.xx +0.25mm) 5) Weight: 1.6 oz. (45.4 g) typical 6) Workmanship: Meets or exceeds IPC-A-610C Class III Product # MQHL-28-12S Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005233 Rev. 1 05/28/09 Page 15 MQHL-28-12S Output: 12 V Current: 4 A Technical Specification MilQor MQHL FAMILY MATRIX a pu d bl va ic n at ce io d n The tables below show the array of MQHL converters available. When ordering SynQor converters, please ensure that you use the complete part number according to the table in the last page. Contact the factory for other requirements. Single Output 1.5V (1R5S) 1.8V (1R8S) 2.5V (2R5S) 3.3V (3R3S) 5V (05S) 6V (06S) 7.5V (7R5S) 9V (09S) 12V (12S) 15V (15S) 28V (28S) 20A 20A 20A 15A 10A 8A 6.6A 5.5A 4A 3.3A 1.8A 20A 20A 20A 15A 10A 8A 6.6A 5.5A 4A 3.3A 1.8A 5V (05D) 12V (12D) 15V (15D) 10A Total 4A Total 3.3A Total 10A Total 4A Total 3.3A Total MQHL-28 16-40Vin Cont. 16-50Vin 1s Trans.* Absolute Max Vin = 60V MQHL-28E 16-70Vin Cont. 16-80Vin 1s Trans.* Absolute Max Vin =100V Dual Output MQHL-28 16-40Vin Cont. 16-50Vin 1s Trans.* Absolute Max Vin = 60V MQHL-28E 16-70Vin Cont. 16-80Vin 1s Trans.* Absolute Max Vin =100V *Converters may be operated continuously at the highest transient input voltage, but some component electrical and thermal stresses would be beyond MIL-HDBK-1547A guidelines. †80% of total output current available on any one output. Product # MQHL-28-12S Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005233 Rev. 1 05/28/09 Page 16 MQHL-28-12S Output: 12 V Current: 4 A Technical Specification PART NUMBERING SYSTEM The part numbering system for SynQor’s MilQor DC-DC converters follows the format shown in the table below. Output Voltage(s) a pu d bl va ic n at ce io d n Input Voltage Range Model Name 28 28E MQHL Single Output Dual Output 1R5S 1R8S 2R5S 3R3S 05S 06S 7R5S 09S 12S 15S 28S 05D 12D 15D Package Outline/ Pin Configuration Screening Grade U X Y W Z C ES HB APPLICATION NOTES A variety of application notes and technical white papers can be downloaded in pdf format from the SynQor website. Example: MQHL – 28 – 12S – Y – ES PATENTS SynQor holds the following patents, one or more of which might apply to this product: 5,999,417 6,927,987 6,222,742 7,050,309 6,545,890 7,072,190 6,577,109 7,085,146 6,594,159 7,119,524 6,731,520 7,269,034 6,894,468 7,272,021 6,896,526 7,272,023 Contact SynQor for further information: Phone: Toll Free: Fax: E-mail: Web: Address: Product # MQHL-28-12S 978-849-0600 888-567-9596 978-849-0602 [email protected] www.synqor.com 155 Swanson Road Boxborough, MA 01719 USA Phone 1-888-567-9596 Warranty SynQor offers a two (2) year limited warranty. Complete warranty information is listed on our website or is available upon request from SynQor. Information furnished by SynQor is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by SynQor for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of SynQor. www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005233 Rev. 1 05/28/09 Page 17