PRODUCT DATASHEET AAT1162 SwitchRegTM 12V, 1.5A Step-Down DC/DC Converter General Description Features The AAT1162 is an 800kHz high efficiency step-down DC/DC converter. With a wide input voltage range of 4.0V to 13.2V, the AAT1162 is an ideal choice for dualcell Lithium-ion battery-powered devices and mid-power-range regulated 12V-powered industrial applications. The internal power switches are capable of delivering up to 1.5A to the load. • Input Voltage Range: 4.0V to 13.2V • Up to 1.5A Load Current • Fixed or Adjustable Output: ▪ Output Voltage: 0.6V to VIN • Low 115μA No-Load Operating Current • Less than 1μA Shutdown Current • Up to 96% Efficiency • Integrated Power Switches • 800kHz Switching Frequency • Soft Start Function • Short-Circuit and Over-Temperature Protection • Minimum External Components • TDFN34-16 Package • Temperature Range: -40°C to +85°C The AAT1162 is a highly integrated device, simplifying system-level design. Minimum external components are required for the converter. The AAT1162 optimizes efficiency throughout the entire load range. It operates in a combination PWM/Light Load mode for improved light-load efficiency. The high switching frequency allows the use of small external components. The low current shutdown feature disconnects the load from VIN and drops shutdown current to less than 1μA. The AAT1162 is available in a Pb-free, space-saving, thermally-enhanced 16-pin TDFN34 packageand is rated over an operating temperature range of -40°C to +85°C. Applications • • • • • • • Distributed Power Systems Industrial Applications Laptop Computers Portable DVD Players Portable Media Players Set-Top Boxes TFT LCD Monitors and HDTVs Typical Application L1 Input: 4.0V ~ 13.2V IN C6 10μF R4 10 C2 0.1μF LX 2.2 to 4.7μH EN DGND AIN AAT1162 FB C8 1μF C3 22μF R5 24k C7 330pF 1162.2008.01.1.3 Output: 0.6V min, 1.5A max COMP PGND LDO AGND C9 1μF www.analogictech.com 1 PRODUCT DATASHEET AAT1162 SwitchRegTM 12V, 1.5A Step-Down DC/DC Converter Pin Descriptions Pin # Symbol 1, 2, EP2 LX 3, 12 N/C 4, 5 IN 6, 13, 14, EP1 DGND 7 AIN 8 LDO 9 FB 10 11 COMP AGND 15 EN 16 PGND Function Power switching node. LX is the drain of the internal P-channel switch and N-channel synchronous rectifier. Connect the output inductor to the two LX pins and to EP2. A large exposed copper pad under the package should be used for EP2. Not connected. Power source input. Connect IN to the input power source. Bypass IN to DGND with a 22μF or greater capacitor. Connect both IN pins together as close to the IC as possible. An additional 100nF ceramic capacitor should also be connected between the two IN pins and DGND, pin 6 Exposed Pad 1 Digital Ground, DGND. The exposed thermal pad (EP1) should be connected to board ground plane and pins 6, 13, and 14. The ground plane should include a large exposed copper pad under the package for thermal dissipation (see package outline). Internal analog bias input. AIN supplies internal power to the AAT1162. Connect AIN to the input source voltage and bypass to AGND with a 0.1μF or greater capacitor. For additional noise rejection, connect to the input power source through a 10Ω or lower value resistor. Internal LDO bypass node. The output voltage of the internal LDO is bypassed at LDO. The internal circuitry of the AAT1162 is powered from LDO. Do not draw external power from LDO. Bypass LDO to AGND with a 1μF or greater capacitor. Output voltage feedback input. FB senses the output voltage for regulation control. For fixed output versions, connect FB to the output voltage. For adjustable versions, drive FB from the output voltage through a resistive voltage divider. The FB regulation threshold is 0.6V. Control compensation node. Connect a series RC network from COMP to AGND, R = 51k and C = 150pF. Analog signal ground. Connect AGND to PGND at a single point as close to the IC as possible. Active high enable input. Drive EN high to turn on the AAT1162; drive it low to turn it off. For automatic startup, connect EN to IN through a 4.7kΩ resistor. EN must be biased high, biased low, or driven to a logic level by an external source. Do not let the EN pin float when the device is powered. Power ground. Connect AGND to PGND at a single point as close to the IC as possible. Pin Configuration TDFN34-16 (Top View) 2 16 PGND 15 EN N/C 3 14 DGND IN 4 13 DGND IN 5 12 N/C DGND 6 11 AGND AIN 7 10 COMP LDO 8 9 LX 1 LX 2 EP2 EP1 www.analogictech.com FB 1162.2008.01.1.3 PRODUCT DATASHEET AAT1162 SwitchRegTM 12V, 1.5A Step-Down DC/DC Converter Absolute Maximum Ratings1 Symbol VIN, VAIN VLX VFB VEN TJ Description Input Voltage LX to GND Voltage FB to GND Voltage EN to GND Voltage Operating Junction Temperature Range Value Units -0.3 to 14 -0.3 to VIN + 0.3 -0.3 to VIN + 0.3 -0.3 to VIN + 0.3 -40 to 150 V V V V °C Value Units 2.7 37 W °C/W Thermal Information3 Symbol PD θJA Description Maximum Power Dissipation4 Thermal Resistance 1. Stresses above those listed in Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. Functional operation at conditions other than the operating conditions specified is not implied. Only one Absolute Maximum Rating should be applied at any one time. 2. Based on long-term current density limitation. 3. Mounted on an FR4 board. 4. Derate 2.7mW/°C above 25°C. 1162.2008.01.1.3 www.analogictech.com 3 PRODUCT DATASHEET AAT1162 SwitchRegTM 12V, 1.5A Step-Down DC/DC Converter Electrical Characteristics1 4.0V < VIN < 13.2V. CIN = COUT = 22μF; L = 2.2 or 3.8μH, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = 25°C. Symbol VIN Description Input Voltage Range VUVLO Input Under-Voltage Lockout IQ ISHDN Supply Current Shutdown Current VOUT Output Voltage Range VOUT ΔVOUT/ VOUT/ΔVIN ΔVOUT/ IOUT VFB IFBLEAK FOSC VIN = 4.5V to 13.2V Load Regulation VIN = 12V, VOUT = 5V, IOUT = 0A to 1.5A Feedback Reference Voltage (adjustable version) No Load, TA = 25°C Adjustable Version VOUT = 1.2V Fixed Version FB Leakage Current P-Channel On Resistance RDS(ON)L N-Channel On Resistance ILXLEAK TSD THYS VIL VIH IEN 0.3 150 0.6 Line Regulation RDS(ON)H Typ 4.0 IOUT = 0A to 1.5A DC TON TS Min Rising Hysteresis No Load VEN = GND Output Voltage Accuracy PWM Oscillator Frequency Foldback Frequency Maximum Duty Cycle Minimum Turn-On Time Soft-Start Time η ILIM Conditions -2.5 0.023 Max Units 13.2 4.0 V 300 1 0.94 VIN 2.5 μA μA 0.100 %/V 0.4 0.59 0.60 0.6 2 0.8 200 Efficiency PMOS Current Limit LX Leakage Current Over-Temperature Shutdown Threshold Over-Temperature Shutdown Hysteresis EN Logic Low Input Threshold EN Logic High Input Threshold EN Input Current = = = = = 12V 6V 12V 6V 12V, VOUT = 5V, IOUT = 1.5A 4.0 0.61 0.2 1 100 200 0.12 0.15 0.06 0.08 90 6.0 VIN = 13.2V, VLX = 0 to VIN V μA MHz kHz % ns ms Ω 1 0.4 VEN = 0V, VEN = 13.2V % Ω 140 25 1.4 -1.0 V % 94 VIN VIN VIN VIN VIN V 1.0 % A μA °C °C V V μA 1. The AAT1162 is guaranteed to meet performance specifications over the -40°C to +85°C operating temperature range and is assured by design, characterization, and correlation with statistical process controls. 4 www.analogictech.com 1162.2008.01.1.3 PRODUCT DATASHEET AAT1162 SwitchRegTM 12V, 1.5A Step-Down DC/DC Converter Typical Characteristics Test circuit of Figure 2, unless otherwise specified. Load Regulation (VOUT = 5V) (VOUT = 5V) 100 90 Efficiency (%) 80 70 60 50 VIN = 6V VIN = 8.4V VIN = 10V VIN = 12V VIN = 13.2V 40 30 20 10 0 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 Output Voltage Difference (%) Efficiency vs. Output Current 0.5 VIN = 6V VIN = 8.4V VIN = 10V VIN = 12V VIN = 13.2V 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 0.0001 0.001 0.01 Output Current (A) Efficiency vs. Output Current Load Regulation (VOUT = 3.3V) (VOUT = 3.3V) 0.6 Output Voltage Error (%) 90 Efficiency (%) 1 80 70 60 50 VIN = 5V VIN = 8.4V VIN = 10V VIN = 12V VIN = 13.2V 40 30 20 10 0 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 VIN = 5V VIN = 8.4V VIN = 10V VIN = 12V VIN = 13.2V 0.4 0.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 1 10 10 100 Output Current (A) 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 -0.1 1.5A 1mA 10mA 100mA -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 9 10 11 12 Output Voltage Difference (%) (VOUT = 3.3V) 0.4 8 0.05 1.5A 1mA 10mA 100mA 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0 -0.01 -0.02 -0.03 -0.04 Input Voltage (V) 1162.2008.01.1.3 10000 Line Regulation (VOUT = 5V) 7 1000 Output Current (A) Line Regulation 6 10 Output Current (A) 100 Output Voltage Difference (%) 0.1 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Input Voltage (V) www.analogictech.com 5 PRODUCT DATASHEET AAT1162 SwitchRegTM 12V, 1.5A Step-Down DC/DC Converter Typical Characteristics Supply Current vs. Input Voltage Switching Current vs. Temperature (VOUT = 5V) (VOUT = 5V) 170 170 160 160 150 140 130 85°C 25°C -40°C 120 110 6 7 8 9 10 11 On Time (ns) Quiescent Current (µA) Test circuit of Figure 2, unless otherwise specified. 150 140 130 VIN = 12V VIN = 6V 120 110 12 -40 -15 10 Input Voltage (V) 35 60 85 Temperature (°C) N-Channel RDS(ON) vs. Temperature P-Channel RDS(ON) vs. Temperature (VIN = 6V) 200 180 100 Resistance (mΩ Ω) Resistance (mΩ Ω) 120 80 60 40 VIN = 12V VIN = 6V 20 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 VIN = 6V VIN = 12V 20 0 0 -40 -15 10 35 60 85 -40 -15 10 85 Start-up Time (VOUT = 5.0V; CFF = 100pF; RLOAD = 1.5A; CIN = 10µF; COUT = 22µF; L = 3.8µH) Enable Voltage (top) (V) 810 805 800 795 790 785 780 VIN = 6V VIN = 12V 775 -15 10 35 60 6 5 6 5 VEN 4 4 VOUT 3 2 1 3 2 I LOAD 1 0 0 Input Current (bottom) (A) Switching Frequency (Hz) Switching Frequency vs. Temperature 85 Time (500µs/div) Temperature (°C) 6 60 Temperature (°C) Temperature (°C) 770 -40 35 www.analogictech.com 1162.2008.01.1.3 PRODUCT DATASHEET AAT1162 SwitchRegTM 12V, 1.5A Step-Down DC/DC Converter Typical Characteristics Line Transient Load Transient (VOUT = 5.0V; CFF = 100pF; VIN = 7.6V to 11V; IOUT = 1.5A; CIN = 10µF; COUT = 22µF; L = 3.8µH) (VOUT = 3.3V; CFF = 100pF; COUT = 66µF) 11 5.25 10 5.20 9 5.15 8 5.10 7 5.05 6 5.00 5 4.95 4 4.90 3.6 Output Voltage (top) (V) 5.30 3.4 3.2 3 1.5A 2.8 10mA 2.6 2.4 2.2 2 Time (100µs/div) Load Transient Load Transient (VOUT = 5V; CFF = 100pF; COUT = 66µF) 3 1.5A 2.8 2.6 10mA 2.4 2.2 2 Output Voltage (top) (V) 3.2 5.4 5.1 4.8 4.5 1.5A 4.2 3.9 10mA 3.6 3.3 3 Time (50µs/div) Time (50µs/div) Load Transient VOUT vs. Temperature (VOUT = 5V; COUT = 66µF; No CFF) 4.8 4.5 1.5A 4.2 3.9 10mA 3.6 3.3 3 Output Voltage Difference (%) 5.1 (VOUT = 3.3V; ILOAD = 1.5A) Load and Inductor Current (bottom) (1A/div) 5.4 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 Time (50µs/div) 1162.2008.01.1.3 Load and Inductor Current (bottom) (1A/div) 3.4 Load and Inductor Current (bottom) (1A/div) Output Voltage (top) (V) Time (50µs/div) (VOUT = 3.3V; COUT = 66µF; No CFF) 3.6 Output Voltage (top) (V) Load and Inductor Current (bottom) (1A/div) 12 Output Voltage (bottom) (V) Input Voltage (top) (V) Test circuit of Figure 2, unless otherwise specified. -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Temperature (°C) www.analogictech.com 7 PRODUCT DATASHEET AAT1162 SwitchRegTM 12V, 1.5A Step-Down DC/DC Converter Typical Characteristics Test circuit of Figure 2, unless otherwise specified. Load Transient Load Transient (VOUT = 3.3V; CFF = 100pF; COUT = 22µF) (VOUT = 3.3V; COUT = 22µF; No CFF) 3 1.5A 2.7 2.4 10mA 2.1 1.8 1.5 Output Voltage (top) (V) Output Voltage (top) (V) 3.3 3.7 3.3 2.9 2.5 1.7 0.9 0.5 Time (50µs/div) Load Transient Load Transient (VOUT = 5V; COUT = 22µF; No CFF) 4.5 1.5A 4.2 10mA 3.6 3.3 3 Output Voltage (top) (V) 4.8 5.4 5.1 4.8 1.5A 4.5 4.2 10mA 3.9 3.6 3.3 3 Time (50µs/div) Load and Inductor Current (bottom) (1A/div) 5.1 Load and Inductor Current (bottom) (1A/div) Output Voltage (top) (V) 10mA 1.3 (VOUT = 5V; CFF = 100pF; COUT = 22µF) 5.4 8 1.5A 2.1 Time (50µs/div) 3.9 Load and Inductor Current (bottom) (1A/div) 3.6 Load and Inductor Current (bottom) (1A/div) 3.9 Time (50µs/div) www.analogictech.com 1162.2008.01.1.3 PRODUCT DATASHEET AAT1162 SwitchRegTM 12V, 1.5A Step-Down DC/DC Converter Functional Block Diagram LDO AIN IN Note 1 FB LDO Current Sense Amp + + + Error Amp Current Mode Comparator - Control Logic Reference LX PGND AGND EN DGND COMP . to the Note 1: For fixed output voltage versions, FB is connected error amplifier through the resistive voltage divider shown. Functional Description The AAT1162 is a current-mode step-down DC/DC converter that operates over a wide 4V to 13.2V input voltage range and is capable of supplying up to 1.5A to the load with the output voltage regulated as low as 0.6V. Both the P-channel power switch and N-channel synchronous rectifier are internal, reducing the number of external components required. The output voltage is adjusted by an external resistor divider; fixed output voltage versions are available upon request. The regulation system is externally compensated, allowing the circuit to be optimized for each application. The AAT1162 includes cycle-by-cycle current limiting, frequency fold- 1162.2008.01.1.3 back for improved short-circuit performance, and thermal overload protection to prevent damage in the event of an external fault condition. Control Loop The AAT1162 regulates the output voltage using constant frequency current mode control. The AAT1162 monitors current through the high-side P-channel MOSFET and uses that signal to regulate the output voltage. This provides improved transient response and eases compensation. Internal slope compensation is included to ensure the current “inside loop” stability. www.analogictech.com 9 PRODUCT DATASHEET AAT1162 SwitchRegTM 12V, 1.5A Step-Down DC/DC Converter High efficiency is maintained under light load conditions by automatically switching to variable frequency Light Load control. In this condition, transition losses are reduced by operating at a lower frequency at light loads. Short-Circuit Protection The AAT1162 uses a cycle-by-cycle current limit to protect itself and the load from an external fault condition. When the inductor current reaches the internally set 3.0A current limit, the P-channel MOSFET switch turns off and the N-channel synchronous rectifier is turned on, limiting the inductor and the load current. During an overload condition, when the output voltage drops below 50% of the regulation voltage (0.3V at FB), the AAT1162 switching frequency drops by a factor of 4. This gives the inductor current ample time to reset during the off time to prevent the inductor current from rising uncontrolled in a short-circuit condition. Applications Information Setting the Output Voltage Figure 1 shows the basic application circuit for the AAT1162 and output setting resistors. Resistors R1 and R2 program the output to regulate at a voltage higher than 0.6V. To limit the bias current required for the external feedback resistor string while maintaining good noise immunity, the minimum suggested value for R2 is 5.9kΩ. Although a larger value will further reduce quiescent current, it will also increase the impedance of the feedback node, making it more sensitive to external noise and interference. Table 1 summarizes the resistor values for various output voltages with R2 set to either 5.9kΩ for good noise immunity or 59kΩ for reduced no load input current. EP2 VIN 4.5V- 13.2V C6 10μF Thermal Protection The AAT1162 includes thermal protection that disables the regulator when the die temperature reaches 140ºC. It automatically restarts when the temperature decreases by 25ºC or more. R4 10Ω C8 1μ F C2 0.1μ F 3 EN 4 IN 5 IN 7 AIN 6 DGND 13 DGND 16 PGND LX LX LX AAT1162 FB 1 2 9 COMP 10 AGND 11 DGND DGND EP1 LDO 14 L1 3.8μH C1 100pF VOUT 5V, 1.5A R3 432kΩ R5 24kΩ C3 22μF R6 59kΩ 8 C9 1μ F C7 330pF Figure 1: Typical Application Circuit. The adjustable feedback resistors, combined with an external feed forward capacitor (C1 in Figure 1), deliver enhanced transient response for extreme pulsed load applications. The addition of the feed forward capacitor typically requires a larger output capacitor C3 for stability. Larger C1 values reduce overshoot and undershoot during startup and load changes. However, do not exceed 470pF to maintain stable operation. 10 www.analogictech.com 1162.2008.01.1.3 PRODUCT DATASHEET AAT1162 SwitchRegTM 12V, 1.5A Step-Down DC/DC Converter The external resistors set the output voltage according to the following equation: ⎛ R1 ⎞ VOUT = 0.6V 1 + ⎝ R2 ⎠ or ⎛ VOUT ⎞ R1 = V -1 · R2 ⎝ REF ⎠ Table 1 shows the resistor selection for different output voltage settings. VOUT (V) R2 = 5.9(kΩ) R1 (kΩ) R2 = 59(kΩ) R1 (kΩ) 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.85 2.0 2.5 3.3 5.0 1.96 2.94 3.92 4.99 5.90 6.81 7.87 8.87 11.8 12.4 13.7 18.7 26.7 43.2 19.6 29.4 39.2 49.9 59.0 68.1 78.7 88.7 118 124 137 187 267 432 Table 1: Resistor Selection for Different Output Voltage Settings. Standard 1% Resistors are Substituted for Calculated Values. Inductor Selection For most designs, the AAT1162 operates with inductors of 2μH to 4.7μH. Low inductance values are physically smaller, but require faster switching, which results in some efficiency loss. The inductor value can be derived from the following equation: L1 = 1162.2008.01.1.3 VOUT · 3.8µH 3.3 Where ∆IL is inductor ripple current. Large value inductors lower ripple current and small value inductors result in high ripple currents. Choose inductor ripple current approximately 32% of the maximum load current 1.5A, or ∆IL = 480mA. For output voltages above 3.3V, the minimum recommended inductor is 3.8μH. For 3.3V and below, use a 2 to 3.8μH inductor. For optimum voltagepositioning load transients, choose an inductor with DC series resistance in the 15mΩ to 20mΩ range. For higher efficiency at heavy loads (above 1A), or minimal load regulation (but some transient overshoot), the resistance should be kept below 18mΩ. The DC current rating of the inductor should be at least equal to the maximum load current plus half the ripple current to prevent core saturation (1.5A + 280mA). Table 2 lists some typical surface mount inductors that meet target applications for the AAT1162. Manufacturer’s specifications list both the inductor DC current rating, which is a thermal limitation, and the peak current rating, which is determined by the saturation characteristics. The inductor should not show any appreciable saturation under normal load conditions. Some inductors may meet the peak and average current ratings yet result in excessive losses due to a high DCR. Always consider the losses associated with the DCR and its effect on the total converter efficiency when selecting an inductor. For example, the 4.7μH WE-TPC series inductor selected from Wurth has an 38mΩ DCR and a 2.4ADC current rating. At full load, the inductor DC loss is 85mW which gives only a 1.1% loss in efficiency for a 1.5A, 5V output. Input Capacitor Selection The input capacitor reduces the surge current drawn from the input and switching noise from the device. The input capacitor impedance at the switching frequency shall be less than the input source impedance to prevent high frequency switching current passing to the input. A low ESR input capacitor sized for maximum RMS current must be used. Ceramic capacitors with X5R or X7R dielectrics are highly recommended because of their low ESR and small temperature coefficients. A 10μF ceramic capacitor is sufficient for most applications. www.analogictech.com 11 PRODUCT DATASHEET AAT1162 SwitchRegTM 12V, 1.5A Step-Down DC/DC Converter Manufacturer Part Number L (μH) Max DCR (mΩ) Rated DC Current (A) Size WxLxH (mm) Sumida Sumida Coilcraft Cooper Bussman Wurth CDRH103RNP-2R2N CDR7D43MNNP-3R7NC MSS1038-382NL DR73-4R7-R 7440530047 2.2 3.7 3.8 4.7 4.7 16.9 18.9 13 29.7 38 5.10 4.3 4.25 3.09 2.40 10.3x10.5x3.1 7.6x7.6x4.5 10.2x7.7x3.8 6.0x7.6x3.55 5.8x5.8x2.8 Table 2: Typical Surface Mount Inductors. To estimate the required input capacitor size, determine the acceptable input ripple level (VPP) and solve for C. The calculated value varies with input voltage and is a maximum when VIN is double the output voltage. CIN = V ⎞ VO ⎛ · 1- O VIN ⎝ VIN ⎠ ⎛ VPP ⎞ - ESR · FOSC ⎝ IO ⎠ VO ⎛ V ⎞ 1 · 1 - O = for VIN = 2 · VO VIN ⎝ VIN ⎠ 4 CIN(MIN) = 1 ⎛ VPP ⎞ - ESR · 4 · FOSC ⎝ IO ⎠ Always examine the ceramic capacitor DC voltage coefficient characteristics when selecting the proper value. For example, the capacitance of a 10μF, 16V, X5R ceramic capacitor with 12V DC applied is actually about 8.5μF. The maximum input capacitor RMS current is: IRMS = IO · VO ⎛ V ⎞ · 1- O VIN ⎝ VIN ⎠ The input capacitor RMS ripple current varies with the input and output voltage and will always be less than or equal to half of the total DC load current: VO ⎛ V ⎞ · 1- O = VIN ⎝ VIN ⎠ for VIN = 2 · VO 12 D · (1 - D) = 0.52 = 1 2 IRMS(MAX) = VO IO 2 ⎛ V ⎞ · 1- O The term V ⎝ V ⎠ appears in both the input voltage ripple and input capacitor RMS current equations and is at maximum when VO is twice VIN. This is why the input voltage ripple and the input capacitor RMS current ripple are a maximum at 50% duty cycle. The input capacitor provides a low impedance loop for the edges of pulsed current drawn by the AAT1162. Low ESR/ESL X7R and X5R ceramic capacitors are ideal for this function. To minimize stray inductance, the capacitor should be placed as closely as possible to the IC. This keeps the high frequency content of the input current localized, minimizing EMI and input voltage ripple. The proper placement of the input capacitor (C6) can be seen in the evaluation board layout in Figure 3. Additional noise filtering for proper operation is accomplished by adding a small 0.1μF capacitor on the IN pins (C2). IN IN A laboratory test set-up typically consists of two long wires running from the bench power supply to the evaluation board input voltage pins. The inductance of these wires, along with the low-ESR ceramic input capacitor, can create a high Q network that may affect converter performance. This problem often becomes apparent in the form of excessive ringing in the output voltage during load transients. Errors in the loop phase and gain measurements can also result. Since the inductance of a short PCB trace feeding the input voltage is significantly lower than the power leads from the bench power supply, most applications do not exhibit this problem. In applications where the input power source lead inductance cannot be reduced to a level that does not affect the converter performance, a high ESR tantalum or aluminum electrolytic should be placed in parallel with the low ESR, ESL bypass ceramic. This dampens the high Q network and stabilizes the system. www.analogictech.com 1162.2008.01.1.3 PRODUCT DATASHEET AAT1162 SwitchRegTM 12V, 1.5A Step-Down DC/DC Converter Output Capacitor Selection The output capacitor is required to keep the output voltage ripple small and to ensure regulation loop stability. The output capacitor must have low impedance at the switching frequency. Ceramic capacitors with X5R or X7R dielectrics are recommended due to their low ESR and high ripple current. The output ripple VOUT is determined by: ΔVOUT ≤ ⎞ VOUT · (VIN - VOUT) ⎛ 1 · ESR + ⎝ VIN · FOSC · L 8 · FOSC · COUT⎠ The output capacitor limits the output ripple and provides holdup during large load transitions. A 10μF to 47μF X5R or X7R ceramic capacitor typically provides sufficient bulk capacitance to stabilize the output during large load transitions and has the ESR and ESL characteristics necessary for low output ripple. The output voltage droop due to a load transient is dominated by the capacitance of the ceramic output capacitor. During a step increase in load current, the ceramic output capacitor alone supplies the load current until the loop responds. Within two or three switching cycles, the loop responds and the inductor current increases to match the load current demand. The relationship of the output voltage droop during the three switching cycles to the output capacitance can be estimated by: COUT = IRMS(MAX) = 1 VOUT · (VIN(MAX) - VOUT) L · FOSC · VIN(MAX) 2· 3 · Dissipation due to the RMS current in the ceramic output capacitor ESR is typically minimal, resulting in less than a few degrees rise in hot-spot temperature. Compensation The AAT1162 step-down converter uses peak current mode control with slope compensation scheme to maintain stability with lower value inductors for duty cycles greater than 50%. The regulation feedback loop in the IC is stabilized by the components connected to the COMP pin, as shown in Figure 1. To optimize the compensation components, the following equations can be used. The compensation resistor RCOMP (R5) is calculated using the following equation: RCOMP (R5)= 2πVOUT · COUT · FOSC 10GEA · GCOMP · VFB Where VFB = 0.6V, GCOMP = 40.1734 and GEA = 9.091 · 10-5. FOSC is the switching frequency and COUT is based on the output capacitor calculation. The CCOMP value can be determined from the following equation: 3 · ΔILOAD VDROOP · FOSC Once the average inductor current increases to the DC load level, the output voltage recovers. The above equation establishes a limit on the minimum value for the output capacitor with respect to load transients. The internal voltage loop compensation also limits the minimum output capacitor value to 22μF. This is due to its effect on the loop crossover frequency (bandwidth), phase margin, and gain margin. Increased output capacitance will reduce the crossover frequency with greater phase margin. 1162.2008.01.1.3 The maximum output capacitor RMS ripple current is given by: CCOMP (C7) = 4 2πRCOMP (R5) · ⎛ FOSC⎞ ⎝ 10 ⎠ The feed forward capacitor CFF (C1) provides faster transient response for pulsed load applications. The addition of the feed forward capacitor typically requires a larger output capacitor C1 for stability. Larger C1 values reduce overshoot and undershoot during startup and line/load changes. The CFF value can be from 100pF to 470pF, but do not exceed 470pF to maintain stable operation. www.analogictech.com 13 PRODUCT DATASHEET AAT1162 SwitchRegTM 12V, 1.5A Step-Down DC/DC Converter Layout Guidance 4. Figure 2 is the schematic for the evaluation board. When laying out the PC board, the following layout guideline should be followed to ensure proper operation of the AAT1162: 5. 1. 2. 3. 14 Exposed pad EP1 must be reliably soldered to PGND/ DGND/AGND. The exposed thermal pad should be connected to board ground plane and pins 6, 11, 13, 14 and 16. The ground plane should include a large exposed copper pad under the package for thermal dissipation. The power traces, including GND traces, the LX traces and the VIN trace should be kept short, direct and wide to allow large current flow. The L1 connection to the LX pins should be as short as possible. Use several via pads when routing between layers. Exposed pad pin EP2 must be reliably soldered to the LX pins 1 and 2. The exposed thermal pad should be connected to the board LX connection and the inductor L1 and also pins 1 and 2. The LX plane should include a large exposed copper pad under the package for thermal dissipation. 6. 7. 8. The input capacitors (C9 and C1) should be connected as close as possible to IN (Pins 4 and 5) and DGND (Pin 6) to get good power filtering. Keep the switching node LX away from the sensitive FB node. The feedback trace for the FB pin should be separate from any power trace and connected as closely as possible to the load point. Sensing along a highcurrent load trace will degrade DC load regulation. The feedback resistors should be placed as close as possible to the FB pin (Pin 9) to minimize the length of the high impedance feedback trace. The output capacitors C3, 4, and 5 and L1 should be connected as close as possible and there should not be any signal lines under the inductor. The resistance of the trace from the load return to the PGND (Pin 16) should be kept to a minimum. This will help to minimize any error in DC regulation due to differences in the potential of the internal signal ground and the power ground. www.analogictech.com 1162.2008.01.1.3 PRODUCT DATASHEET AAT1162 SwitchRegTM 12V, 1.5A Step-Down DC/DC Converter JP1 Enable TP1 GND TP14 GND R1 R2 4.75K 4.75K TP2 TP3 VIN TP7 VIN R4 10Ω VIN TB1 7 AIN 6 DGND 13 DGND 16 PGND AGND N/C DGND LDO EP1 TP9 C8 1μF EN LX IN AAT1162 LX IN FB N/C COMP GND VIN C6 10μF C2 0.1μF 15 4 5 3 LX LX TP5 U1 EP2 Enable * VOUT L1 1 2 9 10 3.8μH C1 100pF 11 12 R5 24K VOUT TP6 R3 432K R6 59K 14 8 TP4 C3 22μF C4 NP C5 NP C7 330pF VOUT TB2 VOUT TP8 C9 1μF TP11 GND TP13 GND TP12 GND GND GND DGND *Note: Connect GND, DGND, and AGND at IC EP1 Figure 2: AAT1162 Evaluation Board Schematic. Figure 3: AAT1162 Evaluation Board Component Side Layout. 1162.2008.01.1.3 Figure 4: AAT1162 Evaluation Board Solder Side Layout. www.analogictech.com 15 PRODUCT DATASHEET AAT1162 SwitchRegTM 12V, 1.5A Step-Down DC/DC Converter Design Example Specifications VOUT VIN FOSC TAMB 5V @ 1.5A, Pulsed Load ΔILOAD = 1.5A 12V nominal 800kHz 85°C in TDFN34-16 Package Output Inductor L= VOUT · 3.8µH = 5.75µH; use 4.7µH (see Table 2) 3.3 ΔIL = 0.32 · ILOAD = 480mA For Cooper Bussman inductor DR73-4R7-R 4.7μH DCR = 29.7mW max. ⎛ VOUT 5V 5V ⎞ ⎛ V ⎞ ⋅ 1 - O1 = ⋅ 1= 480mA L1 ⋅ FOSC ⎝ VIN ⎠ 4.7µH ⋅ 800kHz ⎝ 12V⎠ ΔI1 = IPK1 = ILOAD + ΔI1 = 1.5A + 0.480A = 1.98A 2 PL1 = ILOAD2 ⋅ DCR = 3A2 ⋅ 13mΩ = 117mW Output Capacitor VDROOP = 0.2V COUT = 3 · ΔILOAD 3 · 1.5A = = 28µF; use 22µF 0.2V · 800kHz VDROOP · FOSC IRMS(MAX) = (VOUT) · (VIN(MAX) - VOUT) 1 5V · (12V - 5V) · = 139mArms = 4.7µH · 800kHz · 12V · V L · F · 2 3 2· 3 OSC IN(MAX) 1 · Pesr = esr · IRMS2 = 5mΩ · (277mA)2 = 384µW Input Capacitor Input Ripple VPP = 50mV CIN = 1 1 = = 11µF; use 10µF ⎛ VPP ⎞ ⎛ 50mV ⎞ - 5mΩ · 4 · 800kHz - ESR · 4 · FOSC ⎝ ILOAD ⎠ ⎝ 1.5A ⎠ IRMS(MAX) = ILOAD = 0.75Arms 2 P = esr · IRMS2 = 5mΩ · (0.75A)2 = 2.81mW 16 www.analogictech.com 1162.2008.01.1.3 PRODUCT DATASHEET AAT1162 SwitchRegTM 12V, 1.5A Step-Down DC/DC Converter AAT1162 Losses Total losses can be estimated by calculating the dropout (VIN = VO) losses where the power MOSFET RDS(ON) will be at the maximum value. All values assume an 85°C ambient temperature and a 140°C junction temperature with the TDFN 37°C/W package. PLOSS = ILOAD2 · RDS(ON)H = 1.5A2 · 0.158Ω = 0.355W TJ(MAX) = TAMB + ΘJA · PLOSS = 85°C + (37°C/W) · 355mW = 96.6°C The total losses are also investigated at the nominal input voltage (12V). The simplified version of the RDS(ON) losses assumes that the N-channel and P-channel RDS(ON) are equal. PTOTAL = ILOAD2 · RDS(ON) + [(tsw · FOSC · ILOAD + IQ) · VIN] = 1.5A2 · 100mΩ + [(5ns · 800kHz · 1.5A + 150µA) · 12V] = 299mW TJ(MAX) = TAMB + ΘJA · PLOSS = 85°C + (37°C/W) · 299mW = 96°C 1162.2008.01.1.3 www.analogictech.com 17 PRODUCT DATASHEET AAT1162 SwitchRegTM 12V, 1.5A Step-Down DC/DC Converter Ordering Information Package Marking1 Part Number (Tape and Reel)2 TDFN34-16 YYXYY AAT1162IRN-0.6-T1 All AnalogicTech products are offered in Pb-free packaging. The term “Pb-free” means semiconductor products that are in compliance with current RoHS standards, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. For more information, please visit our website at http://www.analogictech.com/about/quality.aspx. Package Information TDFN34-16 1.600 ± 0.050 0.35 REF 0.450 ± 0.050 0.230 ± 0.050 4.000 ± 0.050 Index Area 2.350 ± 0.050 0.070 ± 0.050 3.000 ± 0.050 0.25 REF 0.430 ± 0.050 1.600 ± 0.050 Top View 0.750 ± 0.050 Bottom View 0.230 ± 0.050 0.050 ± 0.050 Side View All dimensions in millimeters. 1. XYY = assembly and date code. 2. Sample stock is generally held on part numbers listed in BOLD. Advanced Analogic Technologies, Inc. 3230 Scott Boulevard, Santa Clara, CA 95054 Phone (408) 737-4600 Fax (408) 737-4611 © Advanced Analogic Technologies, Inc. AnalogicTech cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in an AnalogicTech product. No circuit patent licenses, copyrights, mask work rights, or other intellectual property rights are implied. AnalogicTech reserves the right to make changes to their products or specifications or to discontinue any product or service without notice. Except as provided in AnalogicTech’s terms and conditions of sale, AnalogicTech assumes no liability whatsoever, and AnalogicTech disclaims any express or implied warranty relating to the sale and/or use of AnalogicTech products including liability or warranties relating to fitness for a particular purpose, merchantability, or infringement of any patent, copyright or other intellectual property right. In order to minimize risks associated with the customer’s applications, adequate design and operating safeguards must be provided by the customer to minimize inherent or procedural hazards. Testing and other quality control techniques are utilized to the extent AnalogicTech deems necessary to support this warranty. Specific testing of all parameters of each device is not necessarily performed. AnalogicTech and the AnalogicTech logo are trademarks of Advanced Analogic Technologies Incorporated. All other brand and product names appearing in this document are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders. 18 www.analogictech.com 1162.2008.01.1.3