G5931 Global Mixed-mode Technology Inc. Switched-Capacitor Voltage Inverters with Shutdown Features General Description Inverts Input Supply Voltage 25mA Output Current with A Voltage Drop of 250mV 0.45mA Quiescent Current at 3.3V Supply 99% Voltage Conversion Efficiency 1.8V to 5V operating range Require Only Two Capacitors Over-Temperature Protected 2KV ESD Rating 8-Pin SOP Package The G5931 is an unregulated charge-pump voltage inverter which may be used to generate a negative supply from positive input. Input voltages ranging from +1.8V to +5V can be inverted into a -1.8V to -5V output supply. The devices is ideal for both battery- powered and board level voltage conversion applications with a typical operating current of 0.45mA at 3.3V supply. The G5931 can deliver 25mA output current with a voltage drop of 250mV. The parts are over -temperature protected. Applications Cell Phone Small LCD Panels Portable Equipment Handy-Terminals, PDAs Battery-Operated Equipment Applications include cell phones, PDAs, and other portable equipment. The devices is available in 8-pin SOP Package. Ordering Information ORDER NUMBER MARKING TEMP. RANGE PACKAGE (Pb free) G5931P1U G5931 -40°C to 85°C SOP-8 Note: P1 : SOP-8 U: Tape & Reel Pin Configuration Typical Operating Circuit G5931 1 NC 1 8 IN CP+ 2 7 NC GND 3 6 NC CP- 4 5 OUT 2 C1 3 4 8 NC IN CP+ NC 7 GND NC 6 CP- OUT VIN (1.8V to 5V) C3 5 C2 SOP-8 C1,C2,C3: 1µF MLCC (X5R) TEL: 886-3-5788833 http://www.gmt.com.tw Ver: 0.2 Preliminary Jun 22, 2005 1 G5931 Global Mixed-mode Technology Inc. Absolute Maximum Ratings Storage Temperature……………………-65°C to 150°C Junction Temperature…………………………..…150°C Reflow Temperature (Soldering, 10sec)…..……260°C Thermal Resistance SOIC (θJA)………………………………..…….160°C/W ESD Rating HBM……………………….…………2000V IN to GND Voltage Range………….…….-0.3V to +5.5V OUT to GND Voltage Range..............…-5.5V to +0.3V C1+ to GND Voltage Range……..…-0.3V to (VIN+0.3V) C1- to GND Voltage Range…..….(VOUT -0.3V) to +0.3V OUT Output Current………………………………100mA Operating Temperature Range….………-40°C to 85°C OUT Short Circuit to GND..........………………Indifinite Note: Human body model is a 100pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5kΩ resistor into each pin. Electrical Characteristics (VIN=+3.3V, C1 = C2 = C3= 1µF, TA= -40 to 85°C unless otherwise noted. Typical values is at TA=25°C.) PARAMETER Input Voltage, VIN CONDITION RLOAD=10kΩ o Supply Current, IQ TA=25 C Charge Pump Frequency, FSW Output Resistance(Note) VIN=5V ILOAD=5mA MIN TYP MAX UNIT 1.8 --- 5 V --- 0.45 0.5 mA 255 --- 295 8.3 330 9.6 KHz Ω ILOAD=5mA --- 14 --- mV p-p Voltage Conversion Efficiency ILOAD=25mA No Load --99 56 --- ----- mV p-p % Power Efficiency ILOAD=5mA --- 93 --- % Output Ripple Electrical Characteristics (VIN=+5V, C1 = C2 = C3= 1µF, TA= -40 to 85°C unless otherwise noted. Typical values is at TA=25°C.) MIN TYP MAX Input Voltage, VIN Supply Current, IQ PARAMETER RLOAD=10kΩ 1.8 --- 5 V TA=25oC --- 0.92 --- mA Charge Pump Frequency, FSW Output Resistance(Note) VIN=5V ILOAD=5mA ILOAD=5mA ILOAD=25mA No Load --------99 290 8.8 25 100 --- ----------- KHz Ω mV p-p mV p-p % 90 --- % Output Ripple Voltage Conversion Efficiency CONDITION Power Efficiency ILOAD=10mA --Note: Capacitor contribution (ESR component plus (1/FSW)・C) is approximately 20% of output. UNIT TEL: 886-3-5788833 http://www.gmt.com.tw Ver: 0.2 Preliminary Jun 22, 2005 2 G5931 Global Mixed-mode Technology Inc. Typical Performance Characteristics (VIN=3.3V, C1=C2=C3=1µF, TA=25°C, unless otherwise noted.) Output Voltage vs. Current VIN=2.0V VIN=1.8V -1.5 -2 Output Voltage (V) Output Voltage (V) -1 VIN=2.5V -3 VIN=3.3V -4 Output Voltage vs. Temperature -1 0 VIN=3.6V -5 VOUT=-3.3V IOUT=0mA -2 -2.5 -3 -3.5 VIN=5.0V -6 0 5 10 15 20 25 -4 -40 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 -20 0 Output Current (mA) 10 20 40 60 80 100 Temperature (°C) Output Resistance vs. Input Voltage 10 Output Resistance vs. Temperature 9 9.5 Output Resistance (Ω) Output Resistance (Ω) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 VIN=2.0V 9 8.5 VIN=1.8V 8 7.5 VIN=3.3V 1 0 1.8 2.2 2.6 3 3.4 3.8 4.2 4.6 7 -40 5 -20 0 Input Voltage (V) 300 300 250 250 Frequency (kHz) Frequency (kHz) 350 200 150 50 50 0 -40 0 3 3.4 3.8 4.2 4.6 100 150 100 2.6 80 200 100 2.2 60 Frequency vs. Temperature Frequency vs. Input Voltage 350 1.8 20 40 Temperature (°C) 5 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 Temperature (°C) Input Voltage (V) TEL: 886-3-5788833 http://www.gmt.com.tw Ver: 0.2 Preliminary Jun 22, 2005 3 G5931 Global Mixed-mode Technology Inc. Typical Performance Characteristics (continued) Supply Current vs. Input Voltage 0.5 1 0.45 0.9 0.4 0.8 0.7 Supply Current (mA) Supply Current (mA) Supply Current vs. Temperature 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.05 0 -40 0 1.8 2.2 2.6 3 3.4 3.8 Input Voltage (V) 4.2 4.6 5 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 Temperature ( ° C) Output Ripple Waveform Efficiency vs. Output Current 100 95 90 Efficiency (%) 85 VIN=1.8V 80 VIN=3.6V VIN=2.5V 75 VIN=2.0V 70 VIN=5.0V VIN=3.3V 65 60 55 50 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 Output Current (mA) Recommended Minimum Footprint SOP-8 TEL: 886-3-5788833 http://www.gmt.com.tw Ver: 0.2 Preliminary Jun 22, 2005 4 G5931 Global Mixed-mode Technology Inc. Pin Descriptions PIN NAME 1,6,7 2 NC C1+ Not Internally Connected Flying Capacitor’s Positive Terminal FUNCTION 3 4 GND C1- Ground Flying Capacitor’s Negative Terminal 5 8 OUT IN Inverting Charge-Pump Output Power-Supply Positive Voltage Input Detailed Description The G5931 contains four large switches which are switched in a sequence to inverter the input supply voltage. Energy transfer and storage are provided by external capacitors. Fig. 1 illustrates the voltage conversion scheme. When S1 and S3 are closed, C1 charges to the supply voltage VIN. During this time interval, switches S2 and S4 are open. In the second time interval, S1 and S3 are open; at the same time, S2 and S4 are closed, C1 is charging C2. After a number of cycles, the voltage across C2 will be pumped to VIN. Since the anode of C2 is connected to ground, the output at the cathode of C2 equals -(VIN) when there are no load current. ON resistance of the internal MOSFET switches, the oscillator frequency, the capacitance and the ESR of both C1 and C2. Since the switching current charging and discharging C1 is approximately twice as the output current, the effect of the ESR of the pumping capacitor C1 will be multiplied by four in the output resistance. The output capacitor C2 is charging and discharging at a current approximately equal to the output current, therefore, this ESR term only counts once in the output resistance. A good approximation of Rout is: ROUT ≅ 2RSW + The main application of G5931 is to generate a negative supply voltage. The range of the input supply voltage is 1.8V to 5V. The output characteristics of this circuit can be approximated by an ideal voltage source in series with a resistance. The voltage source equals -(VIN). The output resistance, Rout, is a function of the 2 + 4ESRC1 + ESRC2 fOSCxC1 Where RSW is the sum of the ON resistance of the internal MOSFET switches shown in Figure 1. High capacitance, low ESR capacitors will reduce the output resistance. S1 S2 IN C1 C2 S3 S4 VOUT=-(VIN) Figure 1. Ideal Voltage Inverter TEL: 886-3-5788833 http://www.gmt.com.tw Ver: 0.2 Preliminary Jun 22, 2005 5 G5931 Global Mixed-mode Technology Inc. Application Information The output resistance is dependent on the capacitance and ESR values of the external capacitors. The output voltage drop is the load current times the output resistance, and the power efficiency is Table 1. Low-ESR Capacitor Manufacturers PRODUCTION METHOD MANUFACTURER SERIES Surface-Mount Ceramic AVX Matsuo X7R X7R 2 η= Capacitor Selection To maintain the lowest output resistance, use capacitors with low ESR (Table 1). The charge-pump output resistance is a function of C1’s and C2’s ESR. Therefore, minimizing the charge-pump capacitor’s ESR minimizes the total output resistance. Where IQ(VIN) is the quiescent power loss of the IC device,and IL2Rout is the conversion loss associated with the switch on-resistance, the two external capacitors and their ESRs. Flying Capacitor (C1) Increasing the flying capacitor’s value reduces the output resistance. Above a certain point, increasing C1’s capacitance has a negligible effect because the output resistance becomes dominated by the internal switch resistance and capacitor ESR. Input Bypass Capacitor (C3) Bypass the incoming supply to reduce its AC impedance and the impact of the G5931’s switching noise. A bypass capacitor with a value equal to that of C1 is recommended. Voltage Inverter The most common application for these devices is a charge-pump voltage inverter (Figure 2). This application requires only two external components— capacitors C1 and C2—plus a bypass capacitor, if necessary. Output Capacitor (C2) Increasing the output capacitor’s value reduces the output ripple voltage. Decreasing its ESR reduces both output resistance and ripple. Lower capacitance values can be used with light loads if higher output ripple can be tolerated. Use the following equation to calculate the peak-to-peak ripple: VRIPPLE = IL f OSC xC2 IL R L POUT = 2 2 PIN IL R L + IL R OUT + I Q ( VIN ) Layout and Grounding Good layout is important, primarily for good noise performance. To ensure good layout, mount all components as close together as possible, keep traces short to minimize parasitic inductance and capacitance, and use a ground plane. + 2xIL + ESR C2 C1 1µF 8 C3 1µF 1 6 7 2 + C1+ 4 C1- IN NC NC NC OUT G5931 5 RL NEGATIVE OUTPUT -1 x VIN 25mA C2 + 1µF GND 3 Figure 2. Typical Application Circuit TEL: 886-3-5788833 http://www.gmt.com.tw Ver: 0.2 Preliminary Jun 22, 2005 6 G5931 Global Mixed-mode Technology Inc. Package Information 0.008TYP E H L D θ 0.015x45º A2 0.004MAX. e A SEATING PLANE A1 B SOP-8 Package Note: 1. JEDEC Outline: MS-012 AA/E.P. Version: N/A 2. Dimension “D” does not include mold flash, protrusions or gate burrs. Mold flash, protrusions and gate burrs shall not exceed .15mm (.006in) per side. 3. Dimensions “E” does not include inter-lead flash, or protrusions inter-lead flash and protrusions shall not exceed .25mm (.010in) per side. SYMBOL MIN. A A1 A2 B D E 4.80 3.81 e H L θ DIMENSION IN MM MAX. 1.35 0.00 ----- DIMENSION IN INCH MIN. MAX. 1.75 0.13 1.50 0.053 0.000 ----- 4.98 3.99 0.189 0.150 5.80 6.20 0.228 0.244 0.41 1.27 0.016 0.050 0º 8º 0º 8º 0.41TYP 0.069 0.005 0.059 0.016TYP 1.27TYP 0.196 0.157 0.05TYP Taping Specification PACKAGE Q’TY/REEL SOP-8 2,500 ea Feed Direction Typical SOP Package Orientation GMT Inc. does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and GMT Inc. reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications. TEL: 886-3-5788833 http://www.gmt.com.tw Ver: 0.2 Preliminary Jun 22, 2005 7