CX1599 Hydrogen-Filled Ceramic Thyratron The data to be read in conjunction with the Hydrogen Thyratron Preamble. ABRIDGED DATA Hydrogen-filled tetrode thyratron with ceramic envelope, featuring extremely low jitter, low anode delay time drift and high rate of rise of current. A hydrogen reservoir operating from a separate, variable heater supply is incorporated. CX1599 is a fast, precise switch originally designed for use in pulse generators to drive Kerr cells, Pockel cells or spark chambers. Anode voltage must be command charged and applied for less than 10 ms. The tube geometry allows it to be mounted in a coaxial housing in order to minimise the total circuit inductance. Peak forward anode voltage (see note 1) . 12.5 kV max Peak anode current . . . . . . . 1000 A max Anode heating factor . . . . . . 12.5 x 107 VApps max Peak output power . . . . . . . . . 6.25 MW max Rate of rise of anode current (see notes 2 and 3) . . . . . . . . 100 kA/ms Typical jitter (see note 3) . . . . . . . 0.2 ns Typical p.r.f. . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Hz GENERAL Electrical Cathode (connected internally to one end of heater) . . . . . . . . . . . . . oxide coated + 0.0 6.8 Vdc 7 0.3 9.5 A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 1.5 5.0 Cathode heater voltage (see note 3) . . . Cathode heater current . . Reservoir heater voltage (see note 4) . . . . . Reservoir heater current . . Tube heating time (minimum) V nom A minutes Mechanical Seated height . . . . Clearance required below mounting flange . . . Overall diameter (mounting flange) . . Net weight . . . . . Mounting position (see note Tube connections . . . . 79.38 mm (3.125 inches) max . . 31.75 mm (1.250 inches) min . 57.15 mm (2.250 inches) nom . . . 284 g (10 ounces) approx 5) . . . . . . . . . any . . . . . . . . see outline Cooling . . . . . . . . natural, forced-air or liquid Where natural cooling is insufficient to maintain the envelope temperatures below the specified rated values, cooling by forced-air, or by oil or coolant immersion may be used. The temperature of the anode terminal and the base, measured at the points indicated on the outline drawing, must not exceed the values specified below. Anode terminal . . . . . . . . . . 250 8C max Base . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 8C max e2v technologies limited, Waterhouse Lane, Chelmsford, Essex CM1 2QU England Telephone: +44 (0)1245 493493 Facsimile: +44 (0)1245 492492 e-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.e2vtechnologies.com Holding Company: e2v holdings limited e2v technologies inc. 4 Westchester Plaza, PO Box 1482, Elmsford, NY10523-1482 USA Telephone: (914) 592-6050 Facsimile: (914) 592-5148 e-mail: [email protected] # e2v technologies limited 2004 A1A-CX1599 Issue 4, June 2004 282G/2298 FAST RISE TIME PULSE GENERATOR SERVICE MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM RATINGS (Absolute values) Min Typical Max Anode Peak forward anode voltage (see note 1) Peak inverse anode voltage (see note 6) Peak anode current . . . . . . . Pulse duration . . . . . . . . . Rate of rise of anode current (see notes 2 Anode heating factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and 7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – – – – – – 500 – 5.0 0.3 – – 12.5 12 1000 0.5 100 12.5 x 107 kV kV A ms kA/ms VApps 750 5.0 – – 7200 1000 V ms ns ms V O Grid 2 Unloaded grid 2 drive pulse voltage (see note Grid 2 pulse duration . . . . . . . . Rise time of grid 2 pulse (see note 2) . . Grid 2 pulse delay . . . . . . . . . Loaded grid 2 bias voltage (see note 9) . . Forward impedance of grid 2 drive circuit . 8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 . 0.1 . – . 0.25 725 50 8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 500 750 V . 0.3 – – ms . 1.0 – – kV/ms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see note 10 . 2.0 – 50 A Grid 1 – Pulsed Unloaded grid 1 drive pulse voltage (see note Grid 1 pulse duration . . . . . . . . Rate of rise of grid 1 pulse (see note 2) . . Loaded grid 1 bias voltage . . . . . . Peak grid 1 drive current (see note 9) . . Cathode Heater voltage (see note 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heating time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 5.0 6.8 – – – V dc min 4.0 5.0 – – 7.5 – Reservoir Reservoir voltage (see note 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heating time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V min Environmental Ambient temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720 Altitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – +130 3 10 000 8C km feet CHARACTERISTICS Critical DC anode voltage for conduction Anode delay time (see note 11) . . . Anode delay time drift (see note 12) . . Time jitter (see note 3) . . . . . . Recovery time . . . . . . . . . Heater current (at 6.8 V) . . . . . Reservoir current (at 6.8 V) . . . . . CX1599, page 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Min Typical Max . – 0.2 0.3 kV . – 0.03 – ms . – 5.0 – ns . – 0.2 1.0 ns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see graph, page 4 . 9.5 10 10.5 A . 1.0 1.5 2.0 A # e2v technologies NOTES HEALTH AND SAFETY HAZARDS 1. Anode voltage must be command charged and applied for 510 ms. The tube will not operate with DC anode voltage. 2. This rate of rise refers to that part of the leading edge of the pulse between 10% and 90% of the pulse amplitude. 3. The jitter levels and rate of rise of current specified in this data sheet for fast rise time generator service can only be obtained under very carefully controlled conditions. e2v technologies therefore reserves the right to approve all equipments in which the tube is used. DC heater power supplies are needed to achieve the best jitter figures. If jitter is not critical then an AC transformer can be used. 4. A recommended reservoir voltage is stamped on each tube. For the fastest switching speed, the reservoir voltage should be increased to a maximum value consistent with anode voltage hold-off in the equipment. The reservoir heater supply must be obtained either from the cathode heater supply or if a separate supply is used it must be decoupled to avoid damage to the reservoir. 5. The tube must be mounted by means of its mounting flange. 6. The peak inverse voltage including spike must not exceed 1.0 kV for the first 25 ms after the anode pulse. 7. For single-shot or low p.r.f. applications this parameter can exceed 100 kA/ms. The ultimate value which can be attained depends also to a large extent upon the external circuit. 8. Measured with respect to cathode. When grid 1 is pulse driven, at least the first 0.25 ms of the top of the grid 1 pulse must precede the delayed grid 2 pulse. 9. The tube may be operated with a loaded grid 2 bias voltage of 0 to 725 V provided that care is taken to ensure that the peak grid 1 drive current is sufficiently low to prevent triode firing (tube control by the grid 1 pulse). 10. DC negative bias voltages must not be applied to grid 1. When grid 1 is pulse driven, the potential of grid 1 may vary between 710 and +5 V with respect to cathode potential during the period between the completion of recovery and the commencement of the succeeding grid pulse. 11. The time interval between the instant when the unloaded grid 2 voltage passes cathode potential and the instant when anode conduction takes place. 12. The drift in delay time over a period from 10 seconds to 10 minutes of high voltage operation. e2v technologies hydrogen thyratrons are safe to handle and operate, provided that the relevant precautions stated herein are observed. e2v technologies does not accept responsibility for damage or injury resulting from the use of electronic devices it produces. Equipment manufacturers and users must ensure that adequate precautions are taken. Appropriate warning labels and notices must be provided on equipments incorporating e2v technologies devices and in operating manuals. # e2v technologies High Voltage Equipment must be designed so that personnel cannot come into contact with high voltage circuits. All high voltage circuits and terminals must be enclosed and fail-safe interlock switches must be fitted to disconnect the primary power supply and discharge all high voltage capacitors and other stored charges before allowing access. Interlock switches must not be bypassed to allow operation with access doors open. X-Ray Radiation All high voltage devices produce X-rays during operation and may require shielding. The X-ray radiation from hydrogen thyratrons is usually reduced to a safe level by enclosing the equipment or shielding the thyratron with at least 1.6 mm ( 1/16 inch) thick steel panels. Users and equipment manufacturers must check the radiation level under their maximum operating conditions. CX1599, page 3 MAXIMUM RECOVERY CHARACTERISTICS 40 2396B PEAK ANODE CURRENT 300 A RE-APPLIED ANODE VOLTAGE 1 kV 35 GRID 2 VOLTAGE 0 V 30 712.5 25 725 20 750 7100 MAXIMUM RECOVERY TIME (ms) 15 10 5 0 100 500 GRID 2 RECOVERY IMPEDANCE (O) 1000 5000 10 000 50 000 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM ANODE VOLTAGE 8242 10 ms MAX ANODE G2 CATHODE HEATER SUPPLY RESERVOIR HEATER SUPPLY G1 R2 R1 GRID 2 DELAYED WITH RESPECT TO GRID 1 GRID 2 VOLTAGE 750 V, 0.5 ms 0 NEGATIVE BIAS VOLTAGE GRID 1 CURRENT 30 A, 1 ms C1 0.3 ms GRID 1/GRID 2 DELAY C2 (VARIABLE) RECOMMENDED GRID, CATHODE AND RESERVOIR HEATER CONNECTIONS R1 = Grid 1 series resistor. 12 W vitreous enamelled wirewound is recommended, of a total impedance to set the grid 1 drive pulse circuit. R2 = Grid 2 series resistor. 12 W vitreous enamelled wirewound is recommended, of an impedance to match the grid 2 drive pulse circuit. C1, C2 7 reservoir protection capacitors with a voltage rating 5500 V; C1 = 1000 pF low inductance (e.g. ceramic), C2 = 1 mF (e.g. polycarbonate or polypropylene). Components R1, R2, C1 and C2 should be mounted as close to the tube as possible. CX1599, page 4 # e2v technologies OUTLINE (All dimensions without limits are nominal) 1C 2395C ANODE CONNECTION FITTED WITH 8-32 UNC SCREW SEE NOTE 4 E A GRID 1 CONNECTION 2 HOLES 1M GRID 2 CONNECTION 2 HOLES 1L P F G MOUNTING FLANGE SEE NOTE 1 1D SEE NOTE 3 J SEE NOTE 2 SEE NOTE 5 8 HOLES 1N EQUISPACED ON H PCD RESERVOIR HEATER LEAD (RED) K LONG, TAG TO SUIT 1Q 1B CATHODE HEATER LEAD (YELLOW) K LONG, TAG TO SUIT 1Q Ref Millimetres Inches A B C D E F G H J K L M N P Q 76.2 max 57.15 44.45 + 0.79 36.5 5.59 + 0.38 24.9 17.78 51.59 + 0.25 31.75 min 152.4 3.05 3.05 4.19 2.54 4.19 3.000 max 2.250 1.750 + 0.031 1.437 0.220 + 0.015 0.980 0.700 2.031 + 0.010 1.250 min 6.000 0.120 0.120 0.165 0.100 0.165 Inch dimensions have been derived from millimetres. Outline Notes 1. The mounting flange is the connection for the cathode, cathode heater return and reservoir heater return. 2. A minimum clearance of 31.75 mm (1.250 inches) must be allowed below the flange. 3. The recommended mounting hole is 38.1 mm (1.500 inches) diameter. 4. The anode temperature is measured at the base of the anode stem. 5. The base temperature is measured at this point. Whilst e2v technologies has taken care to ensure the accuracy of the information contained herein it accepts no responsibility for the consequences of any use thereof and also reserves the right to change the specification of goods without notice. e2v technologies accepts no liability beyond that set out in its standard conditions of sale in respect of infringement of third party patents arising from the use of tubes or other devices in accordance with information contained herein. # e2v technologies Printed in England CX1599, page 5