US90A / US91A 24V Hall IC Fan Driver Features and Benefits Application Examples Low cost High sensitivity Hall Sensor Locked rotor protection and auto-restart Power-efficient CMOS and power MOSFETs Built-in output protection clamping diode Integrated tachometer (US90A) or alarm (US91A) signal output 2-coil fan driver with FG/RD output in 4-pin VK / VA and 8-pin narrow SOIC packages (all RoHS Compliant) 12V/24V fans Peak current up to 500mA Ordering Information Part No. US90A US90A US90A Temperature Code E (-40°C to 85°C) E (-40°C to 85°C) E (-40°C to 85°C) Package Code VK (4-pin TO-92) DC (8-pin narrow SOIC) VA (4-pin TO-92 flat) US91A US91A US91A E (-40°C to 85°C) E (-40°C to 85°C) E (-40°C to 85°C) VK (4-pin TO-92) DC (8-pin narrow SOIC) VA (4-pin TO-92 flat) 1 Functional Diagram 2 General Description The US90A/91A is a one-chip solution for driving two-coil brushless DC cooling fans. Based on the advanced Melexis CMOS process, the IC contains a Hall-effect sensor, dynamic offset correction and low side output drivers. Frequency Generator or Rotation Detection is available. The open-drain output makes the connectivity with any external interface such as hardware monitoring or Super I/O IC easier. These features are combined with the Melexis patented no-VDD design to fit the IC in small 4-pin VK and VA package. The device is also delivered in DC package for automatic assembly. 390109026302 Rev 002 Page 1 of 12 Data Sheet Apr/07 US90A / US91A 24V Hall IC Fan Driver Table of Contents 1 Functional Diagram ........................................................................................................ 1 2 General Description........................................................................................................ 1 3 Glossary of Terms .......................................................................................................... 3 4 Absolute Maximum Ratings ........................................................................................... 3 5 Pin Definitions and Descriptions................................................................................... 3 6 General Electrical Specifications .................................................................................. 4 7 Magnetic Specifications ................................................................................................. 4 8 Driver Output vs Magnetic Pole..................................................................................... 4 9 Detailed General Description ......................................................................................... 5 10 Unique Features............................................................................................................ 5 11 Performance Graphs .................................................................................................... 6 11.1 RDSON vs TJ...................................................................................................................................................................... 6 11.2 RDSON vs VDD .................................................................................................................................................................. 6 11.3 Magnetic parameters vs TJ .................................................................................................................................. 6 11.4 Magnetic parameters vs VDD............................................................................................................................... 6 11.5 IDD vs TJ ............................................................................................................................................................................. 6 11.6 IDD vs VDD ......................................................................................................................................................................... 6 11.7 VOL vs TJ ........................................................................................................................................................................... 7 11.8 Power Dissipation vs. TA ....................................................................................................................................... 7 12 Application Information................................................................................................ 7 12.1 Typical application with pull-up resistor..................................................................... 7 12.2 Configuration for reverse voltage / ground hot-switch protection and enhanced ESD module protection ............................................................................................................. 7 13 Application Comments ................................................................................................. 7 14 Standard information regarding manufacturability of Melexis products with different soldering processes........................................................................................... 8 15 ESD Precautions ........................................................................................................... 8 16 Package Information..................................................................................................... 9 16.1 VK Package Information (4-pin TO92)......................................................................................................... 9 16.2 DC Package Information (8-pin narrow SOIC) ..................................................................................... 10 16.3 VA Package Information (4-pin TO92 flat) .............................................................................................. 11 17 Disclaimer.................................................................................................................... 12 390109026302 Rev 002 Page 2 of 12 Data Sheet Apr/07 US90A / US91A 24V Hall IC Fan Driver 3 Glossary of Terms Two-coil fan MilliTesla (mT), Gauss VDD IDD Peak output current Continuous output current Locked rotor FG RD LFPM A fan with two-coil windings where current alternates from 1 coil to the other depending on the direction of the magnetic field. Units of magnetic flux density : 1mT = 10 Gauss Voltage on the coils common node. Current supplying the chip which flows through the coil connected to the switched off output driver. The current flowing in the coil at start-up, only limited by the coil resistance RCOIL and the output driver resistance RDSON. The current flowing in the coil when the fan is spinning normally. The state when the fan stopped spinning due to mechanical blockage. Frequency generator or tachometer output Rotation detection or alarm output Linear Feet Per Minute – Unit of airflow velocity 4 Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Symbol Fan Supply Voltage VDD Peak Output Current IOUTp Continuous Output Current IOUTc FG / RD Output Current IFG (RD) Operating Temperature Range TA Junction Temperature TJ Storage Temperature Range TS Magnetic Flux Density B Table 1: Absolute maximum ratings Value 30 500 250 20 -40 to 85 125 -55 to 150 Unlimited Units V mA mA mA °C °C °C mT Exceeding the absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage. Exposure to absolute-maximumrated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. 5 Pin Definitions and Descriptions Pin Name Pin number (VK) Pin number (DC) Pin number (VA) FG (RD) 1 1 1 OUT1 2 2 2 OUT2 3 4 4 GND 4 3 3 5, 6, 7, 8 Table 2: Pin definitions and descriptions US90A (US91A) 390109026302 Rev 002 Page 3 of 12 Function FG (RD) open drain output signal Open Drain Coil Driver 1 Open Drain Coil Driver 2 Ground pin Not Connected Data Sheet Apr/07 US90A / US91A 24V Hall IC Fan Driver 6 General Electrical Specifications o DC Operating Parameters TA = 25 C, VDD = 24V (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Test Conditions Fan Supply Voltage VDD Operating, RCOIL = 50Ω Supply Current IDD Output Saturation Voltage VDSON 1,2 IOUT = 150mA Output Saturation Voltage VDSON 1,2 IOUT = 250mA Output Clamp Voltage VOUT 1,2 FG / RD Output Low Voltage VOL IOL = 10mA FG / RD Output Clamp Voltage VCLAMP FG / RD Output Leakage Current ILEAK VFG (VRD) = 18V DC Thermal Resistance RTHja One-sided PCB, zero LFPM VK Thermal Resistance RTHja One-sided PCB, zero LFPM VA Thermal Resistance RTHja One-sided PCB, zero LFPM Locked Rotor Period TON Locked Rotor Period TOFF Output Switching Delay TDELAY “Dead time” when both drivers are off Table 3: General electrical specifications Min 4.7(1) Typ 2 375 625 Max 30 4 60 250 500 28 10 150 200 170 0.25 1.5 200 Units V mA mV mV V mV V µA °C/Watt °C/Watt °C/Watt S S us Note 1: The minimal value of VDD should be determined using the following equation: VDD = 4.5V + RCOIL * IDD 7 Magnetic Specifications o DC Operating Parameters TA = 25 C, VDD = 24V (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Test Conditions Operate point BOP Release point BRP Hysteresis BHYST Table 4: Magnetic specifications Min -6 2 Typ 3 -3 6 Max 6 Units mT mT mT 8 Driver Output vs Magnetic Pole Parameter Test Conditions North pole B < Brp – all packages South pole B > Bop - all packages Table 5: Driver output vs. magnetic pole OUT1 High Low OUT2 Low High Note 3: The magnetic pole is applied facing the branded side of the package 390109026302 Rev 002 Page 4 of 12 Data Sheet Apr/07 US90A / US91A 24V Hall IC Fan Driver 9 Detailed General Description The US90A/91A is a one-chip solution for driving two-coil brushless DC fans. Based on advanced Melexis CMOS process, the IC contains a Hall-effect sensor, dynamic offset correction and low side output drivers. The output drivers OUT1 and OUT2 are fully protected against switching transients. So there is no need for an external zener diode to cut the high voltage spikes induced by the fan coils. The US90A has an open-drain integrated tachometer FG output that follows the Hall signal. In the US91A, the open-drain rotation detection output RD is active low during normal spinning of the motor. It goes high when the flux switching frequency becomes too low, which means the motor is blocked. 10 Unique Features The absence of a VDD pin enables the two low side output drivers and FG/RD signal output to fit in a four-pin VK package. The lack of a VDD pin decreases also the probability to damage the chip due to reverse voltage connection, using the coil resistance to limit the reverse current. In this condition, the total reverse current is twice the peak current value of the fan used. The built-in locked-rotor protection will automatically shut off the coil current when the rotor is mechanically blocked, or the rotational speed drops below 60 RPM (4-pole rotor magnet). The fan will try to restart every 1.5 seconds until the obstruction is clear. The On / Off cycling reduces the average stall current to 1/7 normal; this is enough to prevent overheating or damage to most fans. Both the US90A and US91A have this feature. 390109026302 Rev 002 Page 5 of 12 Data Sheet Apr/07 US90A / US91A 24V Hall IC Fan Driver 11 Performance Graphs 11.1 RDSON vs TJ 11.2 RDSON vs VDD 5 5 VDD = 5V Tj = -40°C VDD = 24V 4 Tj = 25°C 4 3 Ron (ohms) Ron (ohms) Tj = 125°C 2 1 3 2 1 0 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Tj (°C) 11.3 Magnetic parameters vs TJ 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 11.4 Magnetic parameters vs VDD 6 6 5 Bop, VDD=5V Bop, VDD=24V 5 4 Brp, VDD=5V Brp, VDD=24V 4 3 3 2 2 Magnetic field (mT) Magnetic field (mT) 14 VDD (Volts) 1 0 -1 -2 Bop, Tj=125°C Brp, Tj=125°C Brp, Tj=-40°C 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -3 -4 -4 -5 -5 -6 Bop, Tj=25°C Brp, Tj=25°C Bop, Tj=-40°C -6 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Tj (°C) 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 VDD (Volts) 11.5 IDD vs TJ 11.6 IDD vs VDD 4 4 3.5 3.5 Tj = -40°C Tj = 25°C 3 3 Tj = 125°C VDD = 5V 2.5 VDD = 24V IDD (mA) IDD (mA) 2.5 2 1.5 2 1.5 1 1 0.5 0.5 0 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 Tj (°C) 390109026302 Rev 002 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 VDD (Volts) Page 6 of 12 Data Sheet Apr/07 US90A / US91A 24V Hall IC Fan Driver 11.7 VOL vs TJ 11.8 Power Dissipation vs. TA 0.8 0.4 0.3 VDD=5V ; Iol=10mA VDD=24V ; Iol=10mA 0.2 VK - RTH = 200°C/W - PDMAX = 500mW TA = 25°C 0.7 Allowable Power Dissipation (W) FG/RD Output Saturation Voltage (Volts) 0.5 VA - RTH = 170°C/W - PDMAX = 588mW DC - RTH = 150°C/W - PDMAX = 666mW 0.6 0.5 0.4 T A max = 85°C 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 TJ max = 125°C 0 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Ta (°C) Tj (°C) 12 Application Information 12.1 Typical application with pull-up resistor 12.2 Configuration for reverse voltage / ground hot-switch protection and enhanced ESD module protection 13 Application Comments Figure 12.2 shows the application including several external protections. The diode DREVPROT best protects the chip and fan coils for reverse voltage condition. The capacitor CBYPASS is recommended if the supply ground may be disconnected while running even though the positive supply point is still connected. This capacitor provides a path to ground for the remaining energy in the coil which has to be evacuated. Without it, the energy can flow from OUT1/OUT2 to the FG/RD driver, without any limitation and may cause EOS damage. Its value has to be tuned depending on the coils characteristics. Bigger inductance requires bigger capacitor. The no-VDD design enables ESD protection at fan module level to be easily improved. The fan coils prevent and filter fast current stress on OUT1 and OUT2, resulting in better ESD protection. Adding the optional capacitor COUT enhances the ESD protection of the logic output. Hence, the fan module is able to withstand ESD stress at relatively high value without damage. 390109026302 Rev 002 Page 7 of 12 Data Sheet Apr/07 US90A / US91A 24V Hall IC Fan Driver 14 Standard information regarding manufacturability of Melexis products with different soldering processes Our products are classified and qualified regarding soldering technology, solderability and moisture sensitivity level according to following test methods: Reflow Soldering SMD’s (Surface Mount Devices) • • • IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020 Moisture/Reflow Sensitivity Classification for Nonhermetic Solid State Surface Mount Devices (classification reflow profiles according to table 5-2) EIA/JEDEC JESD22-A113 Preconditioning of Nonhermetic Surface Mount Devices Prior to Reliability Testing (reflow profiles according to table 2) Melexis Working Instruction 341901308 Wave Soldering SMD’s (Surface Mount Devices) and THD’s (Through Hole Devices) • • • EN60749-20 Resistance of plastic- encapsulated SMD’s to combined effect of moisture and soldering heat EIA/JEDEC JESD22-B106 and EN60749-15 Resistance to soldering temperature for through-hole mounted devices Melexis Working Instruction 341901309 Iron Soldering THD’s (Through Hole Devices) • • EN60749-15 Resistance to soldering temperature for through-hole mounted devices Melexis Working Instruction 341901309 Solderability SMD’s (Surface Mount Devices) and THD’s (Through Hole Devices) • • EIA/JEDEC JESD22-B102 and EN60749-21 Solderability Melexis Working Instruction 3304312 For all soldering technologies deviating from above mentioned standard conditions (regarding peak temperature, temperature gradient, temperature profile etc) additional classification and qualification tests have to be agreed upon with Melexis. The application of Wave Soldering for SMD’s is allowed only after consulting Melexis regarding assurance of adhesive strength between device and board. For more information on the lead free topic please see quality page at our website: http://www.melexis.com/quality.aspx 15 ESD Precautions Electronic semiconductor products are sensitive to Electro Static Discharge (ESD). Always observe Electro Static Discharge control procedures whenever handling semiconductor products. 390109026302 Rev 002 Page 8 of 12 Data Sheet Apr/07 US90A / US91A 24V Hall IC Fan Driver 16 Package Information 16.1 VK Package Information (4-pin TO92) 1.55+/-0.10 4.20+/-0.10 0.73+/-0.10 0.46 -+0.02 0.03 +2 5° -1 (2X) Notes: 1. All dimensions are in millimeters 2. Package dimension exclude molding flash. Mold flash shall not exceed 0.127mm. 3. To preserve reliability, it is recommended to have total lead length equal to 2.5mm minimum, measured from the package line. 4. VK package is a pin through-hole package, hence adapted for wave soldering process. A reflow soldering process is not recommended with VK package as it may seriously affect device reliability. 10.50+/-0.30 0.00 0.20 3°+2 (2X) 2.5 min see note 3 1.42+/-0.10 E.D.M Process Surface Ro1.6~2.4um 3.65+/-0.10 5.22+/-0.10 Marking: 1st Line : US90A (US91A) - Name of the device 2nd Line : xxxx - Assembly lot number (4 last digits) 0.38+/-0.03 1.27+/-0.03 0.38+/-0.03 3.81+/-0.03 5° +2 -1 (2X) 0.30+/-0.10 (2X) 3°+2 (2X) Hall plate location 2.25 0.52 Notes: 1.05 1. All dimensions are in millimeters 2. Typical values 390109026302 Rev 002 Page 9 of 12 Data Sheet Apr/07 US90A / US91A 24V Hall IC Fan Driver 3.81 3.99 1.52 1.72 1.95 1.37 1.57 5.80 6.20 16.2 DC Package Information (8-pin narrow SOIC) 390109026302 Rev 002 Page 10 of 12 Data Sheet Apr/07 US90A / US91A 24V Hall IC Fan Driver 16.3 VA Package Information (4-pin TO92 flat) 1x45°(REF) 1.10 1.20 5.38+/-0.05 5.16+/-0.08 4.30+/-0.20 0.61 0.66 0.24 0.29 5° Notes: 1. All dimensions are in millimeters 2. Package dimension exclude end flash 5°(2X) 45°(TYP) Marking: 0.30+/-0.05 Top Side: 1 max 1st Line : US90A (US91A) - Name of the device 0.40 0.60 2nd Line : xxxxxx - Assembly lot number (last 6 digits) Bottom Side: yyww : yy = year ww = week 0.40+/-0.05 1.27+/-0.05 +0.06 0.25 - 0.07 3.81+/-0.05 5°(2x) 45°(2x) 5°(2x) 2.69 Hall plate location 0.33 Notes: 1. All dimensions are in millimeters 2. Typical values 390109026302 Rev 002 Page 11 of 12 Data Sheet Apr/07 US90A / US91A 24V Hall IC Fan Driver 17 Disclaimer Devices sold by Melexis are covered by the warranty and patent indemnification provisions appearing in its Term of Sale. Melexis makes no warranty, express, statutory, implied, or by description regarding the information set forth herein or regarding the freedom of the described devices from patent infringement. Melexis reserves the right to change specifications and prices at any time and without notice. Therefore, prior to designing this product into a system, it is necessary to check with Melexis for current information. This product is intended for use in normal commercial applications. Applications requiring extended temperature range, unusual environmental requirements, or high reliability applications, such as military, medical lifesupport or life-sustaining equipment are specifically not recommended without additional processing by Melexis for each application. The information furnished by Melexis is believed to be correct and accurate. However, Melexis shall not be liable to recipient or any third party for any damages, including but not limited to personal injury, property damage, loss of profits, loss of use, interrupt of business or indirect, special incidental or consequential damages, of any kind, in connection with or arising out of the furnishing, performance or use of the technical data herein. No obligation or liability to recipient or any third party shall arise or flow out of Melexis’ rendering of technical or other services. © 2002 Melexis NV. All rights reserved. For the latest version of this document, go to our website at www.melexis.com Or for additional information contact Melexis Direct: Europe and Japan: Phone: +32 1367 0495 E-mail: [email protected] All other locations: Phone: +1 603 223 2362 E-mail: [email protected] ISO/TS 16949 and ISO14001 Certified 390109026302 Rev 002 Page 12 of 12 Data Sheet Apr/07