LM5007 High Voltage (80V) Step Down Switching Regulator General Description Features The LM5007 Step Down Switching Regulator features all of the functions needed to implement low cost, efficient, Buck bias regulators. This high voltage regulator contains an 80 V, 0.7A N-Channel Buck Switch. The device is easy to apply and is provided in the MSOP-8 and the thermally enhanced LLP-8 packages. The regulator is based on a hysteretic control scheme using an on time inversely proportional to VIN. This feature allows the operating frequency to remain relatively constant with load and input voltage variations. The hysteretic control requires no control loop compensation, while providing very fast load transient response. An intelligent current limit is implemented in the LM5007 with forced off time that is inversely proportional to VOUT. This current limiting scheme reduces load current foldback. Additional protection features include: Thermal Shutdown, Vcc undervoltage lockout, gate drive undervoltage lockout, and Max Duty Cycle limiter. n n n n n n n n n n n n n Integrated 80V, 0.7A N-Channel Buck Switch Internal HV Vcc Regulator No Control Loop Compensation Required Ultra-Fast Transient Response On Time Varies Inversely with Line Voltage Operating Frequency Nearly Constant with Varying Line Voltage Adjustable Output Voltage Highly Efficient Operation Precision Reference Low Bias Current Intelligent Current Limit Protection Thermal Shutdown External Shutdown Control Typical Applications n Non-Isolated Buck Regulator n Secondary High Voltage Post Regulator n +42V Automotive Systems Package n MSOP - 8 n LLP - 8 (4mm x 4mm) Connection Diagram 20078302 8-Lead MSOP, LLP Ordering Information Order Number Package Type NSC Package Drawing Supplied As LM5007MM MSOP-8 MUA08A 1000 Units on Tape and Reel LM5007MMX MSOP-8 MUA08A 3500 Units on Tape and Reel LM5007SD LLP-8 SDC08A Available Soon LM5007SDX LLP-8 SDC08A Available Soon © 2004 National Semiconductor Corporation DS200783 www.national.com LM5007 High Voltage (80V) Step Down Switching Regulator January 2004 LM5007 Typical Application Circuit and Block Diagram 20078301 www.national.com 2 LM5007 Pin Description PIN NAME 1 SW Switching Node DESCRIPTION Power switching node. Connect to the LC output filter. APPLICATION INFORMATION 2 BST Boost Boot–strap capacitor input An external capacitor is required between the BST and the SW pins. A 0.01uF ceramic capacitor is recommended. An internal diode between Vcc and BST completes the Buck gate drive bias network. 3 RCL Current Limit OFF time programming pin Toff = 10-5 / (0.59 + (FB / 7.22 x 10− 6 x RCL)) A resistor between this pin and RTN determines the variation of off time, along with the FB pin voltage, per cycle while in current limit. The off time is preset to 17uS if FB =0V and decreases as the FB pin voltage increases. 4 RTN Circuit Ground 5 FB 6 Feedback Signal from Regulated Output This pin is connected to the inverting input of the internal regulation comparator. The regulation threshold is 2.5V. RON On time set pin Ton = 1.42 x 10-10 RON / Vin A resistor between this pin and Vin sets the switch on time as a function of Vin. The minimum recommended on time is 300ns at the maximum input voltage. 7 Vcc Output from the internal high voltage bias regulator. VCC is nominally regulated to 7 Volts. If an auxiliary voltage is available to raise the voltage on this pin, above the regulation setpoint (7V), the internal series pass regulator will shutdown, reducing the IC power dissipation. Do not exceed 14V. This output provides gate drive power for the internal Buck switch. An internal diode is provided between this pin and the BST pin. A local 0.1uF decoupling capacitor is recommended. Series pass regulator is current limited to 10mA. 8 Vin Input supply voltage Recommended operating range: 9V to 75V 3 www.national.com LM5007 Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) BST to SW If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. VCC to GND 14V All Other Inputs to GND -0.3 to 7V Lead Temperature (Soldering 4 sec) 260˚C VIN to GND Storage Temperature Range -55˚C to +150˚C 80V 14V BST to GND 94V SW to GND (Steady State) -1V Operating Ratings (Note 1) 2kV VIN 200V Junction Temperature ESD Rating (Note 5) Human Body Model Machine Model BST to VCC 9V to 75V −40˚C to + 125˚C 80V Electrical Characteristics Specifications with standard typeface are for TJ = 25˚C, and those with boldface type apply over full Operating Junction Temperature range. VIN = 48V, unless otherwise stated (Note 3). Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max 7 7.4 Units Startup Regulator VCC Reg VCC Regulator Output VCC Current Limit 6.6 (Note 4) V 11 mA VCC undervoltage Lockout Voltage (VCC increasing) 6.3 V VCC Undervoltage Hysteresis 206 mV VCC Supply VCC UVLO Delay (filter) 3 µs Operating Current (ICC) Non-Switching, FB = 3V 500 675 µA Shutdown/Standby Current RON = 0V 100 200 µA Buck Switch Rds(on) ITEST = 200mA, VBST −VSW = 6.3V (Note 6) 0.74 1.34 Ω Gate Drive UVLO (VBST – VSW) Rising 4.5 5.5 V Switch Characteristics 3.4 Gate Drive UVLO Hysteresis 400 mV Breakdown Voltage VIN to Ground TJ = 25˚C TJ = -40˚C to +125˚C 80 76 V Breakdown Voltage BST to VCC TJ = 25˚C TJ = -40˚C to +125˚C 80 76 V Current Limit Current Limit Threshold 535 Current Limit Response Time Iswitch Overdrive = 0.1A Time to Switch Off OFF time generator (test 1) FB=0V, RCL = 100K OFF time generator (test 2) FB=2.3V, RCL = 100K 725 900 mA 225 ns 17 µs 2.65 µs On Time Generator TON -1 Vin = 10V Ron = 200K 2.15 2.77 3.5 µs TON -2 Vin = 75V Ron = 200K 290 390 490 ns Remote Shutdown Threshold Rising 0.45 0.7 1.1 V Remote Shutdown Hysteresis www.national.com 40 4 mV (Continued) Specifications with standard typeface are for TJ = 25˚C, and those with boldface type apply over full Operating Junction Temperature range. VIN = 48V, unless otherwise stated (Note 3). Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units Minimum Off Time Minimum Off Timer FB = 0V 300 ns Regulation and OV Comparators FB Reference Threshold Internal reference Trip point for switch ON FB Over-Voltage Threshold Trip point for switch OFF 2.445 2.5 2.550 V 2.875 V 100 nA Thermal Shutdown Temp. 165 ˚C Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis 25 ˚C MUA Package 200 ˚C/W SDC Package 40 ˚C/W FB Bias Current Thermal Shutdown Tsd Thermal Resistance θJA Junction to Ambient Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings are limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings are conditions under which operation of the device is intended to be functional. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. Note 2: For detailed information on soldering plastic MSOP and LLP packages, refer to the Packaging Data Book available from National Semiconductor Corporation. Note 3: All limits are guaranteed. All electrical characteristics having room temperature limits are tested during production with TA = TJ = 25˚C. All hot and cold limits are guaranteed by correlating the electrical characteristics to process and temperature variations and applying statistical process control. Note 4: The VCC output is intended as a self bias for the internal gate drive power and control circuits. Device thermal limitations limit external loading. Note 5: The human body model is a 100pF capacitor discharge through a 1.5kΩ resistor into each pin. The machine model is a 200pF capacitor discharged directly into each pin. The machine model ESD compliance level for Pin 5 is 150V. The human body ESD compliance level for Pin 7 and 8 is 1000V. Note 6: For devices procurred in the LLP-8 package the Rds(on) limits are guaranteed by design characterization data only. a fixed time pulse determined by the line voltage and a programming resistor (RON). Following the on period the switch will remain off for at least the minimum off timer period of 300ns. If the FB pin voltage is still below the reference after the 300ns off time, the switch will turn on again for another on time period. This switching behavior will continue until the FB pin voltage reaches the reference voltage level. The LM5007 operates in discontinuous conduction mode at light load currents or continuous conduction mode at heavier load currents. In discontinuous conduction mode, current through the output inductor starts at zero and ramps up to a peak value during the buck switch on time and then back to zero during the off time. The inductor current remains at zero until the next on time period starts when FB falls below the internal reference. In discontinuous mode the operating frequency can be relatively low and will vary with load. Therefore at light loads the conversion efficiency is maintained, since the switching losses decrease with the reduction in load current and switching frequency. The approximate discontinuous mode operating frequency can be calculated as follows: Detailed Operating Description The LM5007 Step Down Switching Regulator features all of the functions needed to implement low cost, efficient, Buck bias regulators. This high voltage regulator contains an 80V, 0.7A N-Channel Buck Switch. The device is easy to apply and is provided in the MSOP-8 and the thermally enhanced LLP-8 packages. The regulator is based on a hysteretic control scheme using an on time inversely proportional to Vin. This feature allows the operating frequency to remain relatively constant with load and input voltage variations. The hysteretic control requires no control loop compensation, while providing very fast load transient response. An intelligent current limit scheme is implemented in the LM5007 with forced off time, after current limit detection, which is inversely proportional to Vout. This current limiting scheme reduces load current foldback. Additional protection features include: Thermal Shutdown, Vcc undervoltage lockout, Gate drive undervoltage lockout and Max Duty Cycle limiter. The LM5007 can be applied in numerous applications to efficiently regulate step down higher voltage inputs. This regulator is well suited for 48 Volt Telcom and the new 42V Automotive power bus ranges. Hysteretic Control Circuit Overview In continuous conduction mode, current flows continuously through the inductor and never ramps down to zero. In this mode the operating frequency is greater than the discontinuous mode frequency and remains relatively constant with load and line variations. The approximate continuous mode operating frequency can be calculated as follows: The LM5007 is a Buck DC-DC regulator that uses an on time control scheme. The on time is programmed by an external resistor and varies inversely with line input voltage (Vin). The core regulation elements of the LM5007 are the feedback comparator and the on time one-shot. The regulator output voltage is sensed at the feedback pin (FB) and is compared to an internal reference voltage (2.5V). If the FB signal is below the reference voltage, the buck switch is turned on for 5 www.national.com LM5007 Electrical Characteristics LM5007 Hysteretic Control Circuit Overview (Continued) output capacitor, as shown in Figure 1. The series resistor (R) will degrade the load regulation. Another technique for enhancing the ripple voltage at the FB pin is to place a capacitor in parallel with the feedback divider resistor R1. The addition of the capacitor reduces the attenuation of the ripple voltage from the feedback divider High Voltage Bias Regulator The output voltage (Vout) can be programmed by two external resistors as shown in Figure 1. The regulation point can be calculated as follows: VOUT = 2.5 x (R1 + R2) / R2 The LM5007 contains an internal high voltage bias regulator. The input pin (Vin) can be connected directly to line voltages from 9 to 75 Volts. To avoid supply voltage transients due to long lead inductances on the input pin (Vin Pin 8), it is always recommended to connect low ESR ceramic chip capacitor () 0.1µF) between "Vin" pin and "RTN" pin (pin 4), located close to LM5007. The regulator is internally current limited to 10mA. Upon power up, the regulator is enabled and sources current into an external capacitor connected to the Vcc pin. When the voltage on the Vcc pin reaches the regulation point of 7V, the controller output is enabled. The feedback comparator in hysteretic regulators depend upon the output ripple voltage to switch the output transistor on and off at regular intervals. In order for the internal comparator to respond quickly to changes in output voltage, proportional to inductor current, a minimum amount of capacitor Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) is required. A ripple voltage of 25mV to 50mV is recommended at the feedback pin (FB) for stable operation. In cases where the intrinsic capacitor ESR is too small, additional series resistance may be added. An external auxiliary supply voltage can be applied to the Vcc pin. If the auxiliary voltage is greater than 7 Volts the internal regulator will essentially shutoff, thus reducing internal power dissipation. For applications where lower output voltage ripple is required the load can be connected directly to the low ESR 20078305 FIGURE 1. Low Ripple Output Configuration www.national.com 6 LM5007 High Voltage Bias Regulator (Continued) 20078306 FIGURE 2. Self Biased Configuration resistor and into the Ron terminal is approximately proportional to Vin and used internally to control the on timer. This scheme of input voltage feed-forward hysteretic operation achieves nearly constant operational frequency over varying line and load conditions. The on time equation for the LM5007 is : Ton = 1.42 x 10-10 x RON / VIN The RON pin of the LM5007 also provides a shutdown function which disables the regulator and significantly decreases quiescent power dissipation. By pulling the RON pin to below 0.7V logic threshold activates the low power shutdown mode. The VIN quiescent current in the shutdown mode is approximately 100µA internal to the LM5007 plus the current in the RON resistor. Over-Voltage Comparator The over-voltage comparator is provided to protect the output from overvoltage conditions due to sudden input line voltage changes or output loading changes. The overvoltage comparator monitors the FB pin versus an internal 2.875V reference (OV_REF). If the voltage at FB rises above OV_REF the comparator immediately terminates the buck switch on time pulse. ON Time generator and Shutdown The on time of the LM5007 is set inversely proportional to the input voltage by an external resistor connected between Ron and Vin. The Ron terminal is a low impedance input biased at approximately 1.5V. Thus the current through the 7 www.national.com LM5007 ON Time generator and Shutdown (Continued) 20078307 FIGURE 3. Shutdown Implementation capacitor is charged by VCC through the internal high voltage diode. A 0.01uF ceramic capacitor connected between the BST pin and SW pin is recommended. During each cycle when the Buck switch turns off, the SW pin is approximately 0V. When the SW pin voltage is low, the bootstrap capacitor will be charged from Vcc through the internal diode. The minimum off timer, set to 300ns, ensures that there will be a minimum interval every cycle to recharge the bootstrap capacitor. An external re-circulating diode from the SW pin to ground is necessary to carry the inductor current after the internal Buck switch turns off. This external diode must be of the Ultra-fast or Schottky type to reduce turn-on losses and current over-shoot. The reverse voltage rating of the recirculating diode must be greater than the maximum line input voltage. Current Limit The LM5007 contains an intelligent current limit off timer intended to reduce the foldback characteristic inherent with fixed off-time over-current protection. If the current in the Buck switch exceeds 725mA the present cycle on time is immediately terminated (cycle by cycle current limit). Following the termination of the cycle a non-resetable current limit off timer is initiated. The duration of the off time is a function of the external resistor (RCI) and the FB pin voltage. When the FB pin voltage equals zero, the current limit off time is internally preset to 17uS. This condition occurs in short circuit operation when a maximum amount of off time is required. In cases of overload (not complete short circuit) the current limit off time can be reduced as a function of the output voltage (measured at the FB pin). Reducing the off time with smaller overloads reduces the amount of foldback and also reduces the initial start-up time. The current limit off time for a given FB pin voltage and RCI resistor can be calculated by the following equation: Toff = 10-5 / (0.59 + (VFB / 7.22 x 10-6 x RCL)) Applications utilizing low resistance inductors and/or a low voltage drop rectifier may require special evaluation at high line, short circuit conditions. In this special case the preset 17uS (FB = 0V) off time may be insufficient to balance the inductor volt*time product. Additional inductor resistance, output resistance or a larger voltage drop rectifier may be necessary to balance the inductor cycle volt*time product and limit the short circuit current. Thermal Protection Internal Thermal Shutdown circuitry is provided to protect the integrated circuit in the event the maximum junction temperature is exceeded. When thermal protection is activated, typically at 165 degrees Celsius, the controller is forced into a low power reset state, disabling the output driver. This feature is provided to prevent catastrophic failures from accidental device overheating. N - Channel Buck Switch and Driver The LM5007 integrates an N-Channel Buck switch and associated floating high voltage gate driver. This gate driver circuit works in conjunction with an external bootstrap capacitor and an internal high voltage diode. The bootstrap www.national.com 8 LM5007 Operational Waveforms Current Limit VFB vs TOFF RCL = 50k -600k 20078308 LM5007 Operation: VOUT = 10V, VIN = 20V, IOUT = 250mA CH1: Switch Node, CH2: VOUT (AC), CH4: Inductor Current FIGURE 4. 20078311 Operational Waveforms FIGURE 7. VIN vs TON RON = 100k, 200k, 300k 20078309 LM5007 Operation: VOUT = 10V, VIN = 75V, IOUT = 250mA CH1: Switch Node, CH2: VOUT (AC), CH4: Inductor Current FIGURE 5. LM5007 10V Output Efficiency 20078312 FIGURE 8. 20078310 FIGURE 6. 9 www.national.com LM5007 10V, 400mA Demo Board Bill of Materials ITEM PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION VALUE C1 C4532X7R2A105M CAPACITOR, CER, TDK 1µ, 100V C2 C4532X7R1E156M CAPACITOR, CER, TDK 15µ, 25V C3 C1206C104K5RAC CAPACITOR, CER, KEMET 0.1µ, 50V C4 C1206C103K5RAC CAPACITOR, CER, KEMET 0.01µ, 50V C5 C3216X7R2A104KT CAPACITOR, CER, TDK 0.1µ, 100V D1 MURA110T3 DIODE, 100V, ON SEMI L1 SLF7045T-101MR60-1 BUCK INDUCTOR, TDK 100µH R1 CRCW12062003F RESISTOR 200K R2 CRCW12061003F RESISTOR 100K R3 CRCW12063011F RESISTOR 3.01K R4 CRCW12061001F RESISTOR 1K R5 CRCW12061R00F RESISTOR 1 U1 LM5007 REGULATOR, NATIONAL www.national.com 10 LM5007 Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted 8-Lead MSOP Package NS Package Number MUA08A 11 www.national.com LM5007 High Voltage (80V) Step Down Switching Regulator Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued) 8-Lead LLP Package NS Package Number SDC08A LIFE SUPPORT POLICY NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein: 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. 2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness. BANNED SUBSTANCE COMPLIANCE National Semiconductor certifies that the products and packing materials meet the provisions of the Customer Products Stewardship Specification (CSP-9-111C2) and the Banned Substances and Materials of Interest Specification (CSP-9-111S2) and contain no ‘‘Banned Substances’’ as defined in CSP-9-111S2. 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