dBCool® Remote Thermal Monitor and Fan Controller ADT7475 FEATURES GENERAL DESCRIPTION Controls and monitors up to 4 fans High and low frequency fan drive signal 1 on-chip and 2 remote temperature sensors Extended temperature measurement range, up to 191°C Automatic fan speed control mode controls system cooling based on measured temperature Enhanced acoustic mode dramatically reduces user perception of changing fan speeds Thermal protection feature via THERM output Monitors performance impact of Intel® Pentium® 4 processor Thermal control circuit via THERM input 3-wire and 4-wire fan speed measurement Limit comparison of all monitored values Meets SMBus 2.0 electrical specifications (fully SMBus 1.1 compliant) Fully RoHS compliant The ADT7475 dBCool controller is a thermal monitor and multiple PWM fan controller for noise-sensitive or powersensitive applications requiring active system cooling. The ADT7475 can drive a fan using either a low or high frequency drive signal, monitor the temperature of up to two remote sensor diodes plus its own internal temperature, and measure and control the speed of up to four fans, so they operate at the lowest possible speed for minimum acoustic noise. The automatic fan speed control loop optimizes fan speed for a given temperature. The effectiveness of the system’s thermal solution can be monitored using the THERM input. The ADT7475 also provides critical thermal protection to the system using the bidirectional THERM pin as an output to prevent system or component overheating. FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM SCL SDA SMBALERT ADT7475 PWM1 PWM2 PWM3 PWM REGISTERS AND CONTROLLERS (HF AND LF) SERIAL BUS INTERFACE ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT CONTROL AUTOMATIC FAN SPEED CONTROL ADDRESS POINTER REGISTER PWM CONFIGURATION REGISTERS FAN SPEED COUNTER INTERRUPT MASKING PERFORMANCE MONITORING VCC INTERRUPT STATUS REGISTERS THERMAL PROTECTION THERM VCC TO ADT7475 D1+ INPUT SIGNAL CONDITIONING AND ANALOG MULTIPLEXER D1– D2+ D2– VCCP 10-BIT ADC BAND GAP REFERENCE BAND GAP TEMPERATURE SENSOR LIMIT COMPARATORS VALUE AND LIMIT REGISTERS 05381-001 TACH1 TACH2 TACH3 TACH4 GND Figure 1. Rev. A Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781.329.4700 www.analog.com Fax: 781.461.3113 ©2006 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. ADT7475 TABLE OF CONTENTS Features .............................................................................................. 1 Temperature Measurement Method ........................................ 15 General Description ......................................................................... 1 Factors Affecting Diode Accuracy........................................... 17 Functional Block Diagram .............................................................. 1 Additional ADC Functions for Temperature Measurement 18 Specifications..................................................................................... 3 Limits, Status Registers, and Interrupts....................................... 20 Timing Diagram ........................................................................... 4 Limit Values ................................................................................ 20 Absolute Maximum Ratings............................................................ 5 Interrupt Status Registers .......................................................... 21 Thermal Characteristics .............................................................. 5 THERM Timer ........................................................................... 23 ESD Caution.................................................................................. 5 Fan Drive Using PWM Control ............................................... 26 Pin Configuration and Function Descriptions............................. 6 Operating from 3.3 V Standby ................................................. 31 Typical Performance Characteristics ............................................. 7 Standby Mode ............................................................................. 31 Product Description......................................................................... 9 XNOR Tree Test Mode .............................................................. 31 Quick Comparison Between ADT7473 and ADT7475 .......... 9 Power-On Default ...................................................................... 32 Recommended Implementation................................................. 9 Programming the Automatic Fan Speed Control Loop ............ 33 Serial Bus Interface......................................................................... 10 Automatic Fan Control Overview............................................ 33 Write Operations ........................................................................ 11 Step 1: Hardware Configuration .............................................. 34 Read Operations ......................................................................... 12 Step 2: Configuring the Mux .................................................... 37 Alert Response Address............................................................. 12 Step 3: TMIN Settings for Thermal Calibration Channels ...... 39 SMBus Timeout .......................................................................... 12 Step 4: PWMMIN for Each PWM (Fan) Output ...................... 40 Virus Protection.......................................................................... 12 Step 5: PWMMAX for PWM (Fan) Outputs .............................. 40 Voltage Measurement Input...................................................... 12 Step 6: TRANGE for Temperature Channels ................................ 41 Analog-to-Digital Converter .................................................... 12 Step 7: TTHERM for Temperature Channels ............................... 44 Input Circuitry............................................................................ 13 Step 8: THYST for Temperature Channels .................................. 45 Voltage Measurement Registers................................................ 13 Register Tables ................................................................................ 48 VCCP Limit Registers ................................................................... 13 Outline Dimensions ....................................................................... 65 Extended Resolution Registers ................................................. 13 Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 65 Additional ADC Functions for Voltage Measurements ........ 13 REVISION HISTORY 2/06—Rev. 0 to Rev. A Changes to Table 1............................................................................ 3 Changes to Quick Comparison Between ADT7473 and ADT7475 Section ............................................................................. 9 Changes to Analog-to-Digital Converter section ...................... 13 Changes to TACH Inputs Section ................................................ 27 Changes to Fan Speed Measurement Section ............................. 28 Inserted Figure 42........................................................................... 32 Changes to Power-On Default Section........................................ 32 Changes to Step 5: PMWMAX For PWM (Fan) Outputs Section .............................................................................. 40 Changes to Table 14 ....................................................................... 48 Changes to Table 23 ....................................................................... 53 Changes to Table 43 ....................................................................... 60 7/05—Revision 0: Initial Version Rev. A | Page 2 of 68 ADT7475 SPECIFICATIONS TA = TMIN to TMAX, VCC = VMIN to VMAX, unless otherwise noted.1 Table 1. Parameter POWER SUPPLY Supply Voltage Supply Current, ICC TEMPERATURE-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER Local Sensor Accuracy Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments 3.0 3.3 1.5 3.6 3 V mA Interface inactive, ADC active ±0.5 1.5 ±2.5 °C °C °C °C °C °C µA µΑ Resolution Remote Diode Sensor Accuracy 0.25 ±0.5 Resolution Remote Sensor Source Current 0.25 180 11 ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER (INCLUDING MUX AND ATTENUATORS) Total Unadjusted Error (TUE) Differential Nonlinearity (DNL) Power Supply Sensitivity Conversion Time (Voltage Input) Conversion Time (Local Temperature) Conversion Time (Remote Temperature) Total Monitoring Cycle Time Input Resistance FAN RPM-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER Accuracy ±1.5 ±1 70 ±0.1 11 12 38 145 19 120 ±6 ±10 65,535 Full-Scale Count Nominal Input RPM OPEN-DRAIN DIGITAL OUTPUTS (PWM1 TO PWM3, XTO) Current Sink, IOL Output Low Voltage, VOL High Level Output Current, IOH OPEN-DRAIN SERIAL DATA BUS OUTPUT (SDA) Output Low Voltage, VOL High Level Output Current, IOH SMBus DIGITAL INPUTS (SCL, SDA) Input High Voltage, VIH Input Low Voltage, VIL Hysteresis 1.5 ±2.5 % LSB %/V ms ms ms ms ms kΩ 0°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C 0°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C High Level Low Level 8 bits Averaging enabled Averaging enabled Averaging enabled Averaging enabled Averaging disabled For VCCP channel % % 0°C ≤ TA ≤ 70°C −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +120°C RPM RPM RPM RPM Fan count = 0xBFFF Fan count = 0x3FFF Fan count = 0x0438 Fan count = 0x021C 0.1 8.0 0.4 20 mA V µA IOUT = −8.0 mA VOUT = VCC 0.1 0.4 1.0 V µA IOUT = −4.0 mA VOUT = VCC 0.4 V V mV 109 329 5000 10,000 2.0 500 Rev. A | Page 3 of 68 ADT7475 Parameter DIGITAL INPUT LOGIC LEVELS (TACH INPUTS) Input High Voltage, VIH Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments 3.6 V V Maximum input voltage 2.0 Input Low Voltage, VIL 0.8 V V V p-p −0.3 Hysteresis 0.5 DIGITAL INPUT LOGIC LEVELS (THERM) ADTL+ Input High Voltage, VIH Input Low Voltage, VIL DIGITAL INPUT CURRENT Input High Current, IIH Input Low Current, IIL Input Capacitance, CIN SERIAL BUS TIMING2 Clock Frequency, fSCLK Glitch Immunity, tSW Bus Free Time, tBUF SCL Low Time, tLOW SCL High Time, tHIGH SCL, SDA Rise Time, tr SCL, SDA Fall Time, tf Data Setup Time, tSU;DAT Detect Clock Low Timeout, tTIMEOUT 0.75 × VCC 0.4 ±1 ±1 5 Minimum input voltage V V µA µA pF VIN = VCC VIN = 0 See Figure 2 10 400 50 4.7 4.7 4.0 kHz ns µs µs µs ns µs ns ms 50 1000 300 250 15 35 Can be optionally disabled 1 All voltages are measured with respect to GND, unless otherwise specified. Typicals are at TA = 25°C and represent most likely parametric norm. Logic inputs accept input high voltages up to VMAX even when device is operating down to VMIN. Timing specifications are tested at logic levels of VIL = 0.8 V for a falling edge, and VIH = 2.0 V for a rising edge. 2 SMBus timing specifications are guaranteed by design and are not production tested. TIMING DIAGRAM tLOW tR tF tHD;STA SCL SDA tHD;DAT tHIGH tBUF P tSU;STA tSU;DAT S S Figure 2. Serial Bus Timing Diagram Rev. A | Page 4 of 68 tSU;STO P 05381-002 tHD;STA ADT7475 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Table 2. Parameter Positive Supply Voltage (VCC) Voltage on Any Input or Output Pin Input Current at Any Pin Package Input Current Maximum Junction Temperature (TJMAX) Storage Temperature Range Lead Temperature, Soldering IR Reflow Peak Temperature Lead Temperature (Soldering 10 sec) ESD rating Rating 3.6 V −0.3 V to +3.6 V ±5 mA ±20 mA 150°C −65°C to +150°C 260°C 300°C 1500 V Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS 16-lead QSOP package: θJA = 150°C/W θJC = 39°C/W ESD CAUTION ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although this product features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices subjected to high energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality. Rev. A | Page 5 of 68 ADT7475 SCL 1 16 SDA GND 2 15 PWM1/XTO VCC 3 ADT7475 14 4 TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) VCCP TACH3 13 D1+ PWM2/SMBALERT 5 12 D1– TACH1 6 11 D2+ TACH2 7 10 D2– PWM3 8 9 TACH4/THERM/GPIO/SMBALERT 05381-003 PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS Figure 3. Pin Configuration Table 3. Pin Function Descriptions Pin No. 1 2 3 4 5 Mnemonic SCL GND VCC TACH3 PWM2/SMBALERT 6 7 8 TACH1 TACH2 PWM3 9 TACH4/THERM/ GPIO/SMBALERT 10 11 12 13 14 15 D2− D2+ D1− D1+ VCCP PWM1 16 XTO SDA Description Digital Input (Open Drain). SMBus serial clock input. Requires SMBus pull-up. Ground Pin. Power Supply. VCC is also monitored through this pin. Digital Input (Open Drain). Fan tachometer input to measure speed of Fan 3. PWM2: Digital Output (Open Drain). Requires 10 kΩ typical pull-up. Pulse-width modulated output to control Fan 2 speed. Can be configured as a high or low frequency drive. SMBALERT: Digital Output (Open Drain). This pin can be reconfigured as an SMBALERT interrupt output to signal out-of-limit conditions. Digital Input (Open Drain). Fan tachometer input to measure speed of Fan 1. Digital Input (Open Drain). Fan tachometer input to measure speed of Fan 2. Digital I/O (Open Drain). Pulse-width modulated output to control the speed of Fan 3 and Fan 4. Requires 10 kΩ typical pull-up. Can be configured as a high or low frequency drive. TACH4: Digital Input (Open Drain). Fan tachometer input to measure speed of Fan 4. GPIO: General-Purpose Open Drain Digital I/O. THERM: Digital I/O (Open Drain). Alternatively, this pin can be reconfigured as a bidirectional THERM pin that can be used to time and monitor assertions on the THERM input. For example, the pin can be connected to the PROCHOT output of an Intel Pentium 4 processor or to the output of a trip point temperature sensor. This pin can be used as an output to signal overtemperature conditions. SMBALERT: Digital Output (Open Drain). This pin can be reconfigured as an SMBALERT interrupt output to signal out-of-limit conditions. Cathode Connection to Second Thermal Diode. Anode Connection to Second Thermal Diode. Cathode Connection to First Thermal Diode. Anode Connection to First Thermal Diode. Analog Input. Monitors processor core voltage (0 V to 3 V). Digital Output (Open Drain). Pulse-width modulated output to control Fan 1 speed. Requires 10 kΩ typical pull-up. Also functions as the output from the XNOR tree in XNOR test mode. Digital I/O (Open Drain). SMBus bidirectional serial data. Requires 10 kΩ typical pull-up. Rev. A | Page 6 of 68 ADT7475 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS 70 0 60 TEMPERATURE ERROR (°C) –20 –30 –40 –50 0 2 4 6 8 10 14 12 16 18 20 40 30 100mV 20 60mV 40mV 10 0 05381-004 –60 50 –10 22 05381-007 TEMPERATURE ERROR (°C) –10 0 100M 200M 300M 400M 500M 600M NOISE FREQUENCY (Hz) CAPACITANCE (nF) Figure 4. Temperature Error vs. Capacitance between D+ and D− Figure 7. Remote Temperature Error vs. Differential Mode Noise Frequency 1.20 30 1.18 1.16 1.14 10 1.12 D+ TO GND 0 IDD (mA) D+ TO VCC –10 1.10 1.08 1.06 –20 1.04 1.02 05381-005 –30 –40 0 20 40 80 60 05381-008 TEMPERATURE ERROR (°C) 20 1.00 0.98 3.0 100 3.1 3.2 LEAKAGE RESISTANCE (MΩ) 3.4 3.5 3.6 500M 600M Figure 8. Normal IDD vs. Power Supply Figure 5. Temperature Error vs. PCB Resistance 15 30 25 10 100mV TEMPERATURE ERROR (°C) 20 15 60mV 10 5 5 100mV 0 250mV –5 –10 05381-006 0 40mV –5 0 100M 200M 300M 400M 500M 05381-009 TEMPERATURE ERROR (°C) 3.3 VDD (V) –15 0 600M 100M 200M 300M 400M FREQUENCY (Hz) NOISE FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 6. Remote Temperature Error vs. Common-Mode Noise Frequency Rev. A | Page 7 of 68 Figure 9. Internal Temperature Error vs. Power Supply Noise ADT7475 6 3.0 2.5 250mV 2 TEMPERATURE ERROR (°C) TEMPERATURE ERROR (°C) 4 0 –2 100mV –4 –6 –8 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 –0.5 05381-010 –12 0 100M 200M 300M 400M 500M –1.5 –2.0 600M –40 FREQUENCY (Hz) 3.0 TEMPERATURE ERROR (°C) 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 –0.5 05381-011 –1.0 –1.5 –20 0 20 40 60 –20 0 20 40 60 85 105 125 OIL BATH TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 10. Remote Temperature Error vs. Power Supply Noise Frequency –40 05381-012 –1.0 –10 85 105 125 OIL BATH TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 11. Internal Temperature Error vs. ADT7475 Temperature Rev. A | Page 8 of 68 Figure 12. Remote Temperature Error vs. ADT7475 Temperature ADT7475 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION The ADT7475 is a complete thermal monitor and multiple fan controller for any system requiring thermal monitoring and cooling. The device communicates with the system via a serial system management bus. The serial bus controller has a serial data line for reading and writing addresses and data (Pin 16), and an input line for the serial clock (Pin 1). All control and programming functions for the ADT7475 are performed over the serial bus. In addition, a pin can be reconfigured as an SMBALERT output to signal out-of-limit conditions. RECOMMENDED IMPLEMENTATION QUICK COMPARISON BETWEEN ADT7473 AND ADT7475 • The ADT7473 supports Advanced Dynamic TMIN features while the ADT7475 does not. • Acoustic smoothing is improved on the ADT7475. • THERM can be selected as an output only on the ADT7475. • The ADT7475 has two additional configuration registers. • The ADT7475 has other minor register changes. • The ADT7475 is similar to the ADT7473 in that it is powered by a supply no greater than 3.6 V. Exceeding this specification results in irreversible damage to the ADT7475. Signal pins (TACH/PWM) should be pulled up or clamped to 3.6 V maximum. See the Specifications section for more information. Configuring the ADT7475 as shown in Figure 13 allows the system designer to use the following features: • Two PWM outputs for fan control of up to three fans (the front and rear chassis fans are connected in parallel). • Three TACH fan speed measurement inputs. • VCC measured internally through Pin 3. • CPU temperature measured using Remote 1 temperature channel. • Ambient temperature measured through Remote 2 temperature channel. • Bidirectional THERM pin. This feature allows Intel Pentium 4 PROCHOT monitoring and can function as an overtemperature THERM output. The THERM pin can alternatively be programmed as an SMBALERT system interrupt output. ADT7475 FRONT CHASSIS FAN REAR CHASSIS FAN CPU FAN PWM1 TACH2 TACH1 PWM3 D2+ TACH3 D2– THERM CPU PROCHOT D1+ SDA D1– SCL SMBALERT GND Figure 13. ADT7475 Configuration Rev. A | Page 9 of 68 ICH 05381-015 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE ADT7475 SERIAL BUS INTERFACE In the ADT7475, write operations contain either one or two bytes, and read operations contain one byte. To write data to one of the device data registers or read data from it, the address pointer register must be set so that the correct data register is addressed, and then data can be written to that register or read from it. The first byte of a write operation always contains an address that is stored in the address pointer register. If data is to be written to the device, the write operation contains a second data byte that is written to the register selected by the address pointer register. On PCs and servers, control of the ADT7475 is carried out using the SMBus. The ADT7475 is connected to this bus as a slave device, under the control of a master controller, which is usually (but not necessarily) the ICH. The ADT7475 has a fixed 7-bit serial bus address of 0101110 or 0x2E. The read/write bit must be added to get the 8-bit address (01011100 or 0x5C). Data is sent over the serial bus in sequences of nine clock pulses: eight bits of data followed by an acknowledge bit from the slave device. Transitions on the data line must occur during the low period of the clock signal and remain stable during the high period, because a low-to-high transition when the clock is high might be interpreted as a stop signal. The number of data bytes that can be transmitted over the serial bus in a single read or write operation is limited only by what the master and slave devices can handle. This write operation is shown in Figure 14. The device address is sent over the bus, and then R/W is set to 0. This is followed by two data bytes. The first data byte is the address of the internal data register to be written to, which is stored in the address pointer register. The second data byte is the data to be written to the internal data register. When reading data from a register, there are two possibilities: When all data bytes have been read or written, stop conditions are established. In write mode, the master pulls the data line high during the tenth clock pulse to assert a stop condition. In read mode, the master device overrides the acknowledge bit by pulling the data line high during the low period before the ninth clock pulse; this is known as No Acknowledge. The master takes the data line low during the low period before the tenth clock pulse, and then high during the tenth clock pulse to assert a stop condition. • A read operation is then performed consisting of the serial bus address; R/W bit set to 1, followed by the data byte read from the data register (see Figure 16). Any number of bytes of data can be transferred over the serial bus in one operation, but it is not possible to mix read and write in one operation because the type of operation is determined at the beginning and cannot subsequently be changed without starting a new operation. 1 If the ADT7475’s address pointer register value is unknown or not the desired value, it must first be set to the correct value before data can be read from the desired data register. This is done by performing a write to the ADT7475 as before, but only the data byte containing the register address is sent, because no data is written to the register (see Figure 15). • 9 If the address pointer register is known to be already at the desired address, data can be read from the corresponding data register without first writing to the address pointer register (see Figure 16). 9 1 SCL 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 D7 R/W START BY MASTER D6 ACK. BY ADT7475 FRAME 1 SERIAL BUS ADDRESS BYTE D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 ACK. BY ADT7475 FRAME 2 ADDRESS POINTER REGISTER BYTE 1 9 SCL (CONTINUED) SDA (CONTINUED) D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 FRAME 3 DATA BYTE D1 D0 ACK. BY ADT7475 Figure 14. Writing a Register Address to the Address Pointer Register, then Writing Data to the Selected Register Rev. A | Page 10 of 68 STOP BY MASTER 05381-016 SDA ADT7475 1 9 9 1 SCL 0 1 START BY MASTER 0 1 1 1 0 D7 R/W D6 ACK. BY ADT7475 FRAME 1 SERIAL BUS ADDRESS BYTE D4 D5 D2 D3 D1 D0 ACK. BY ADT7475 FRAME 2 ADDRESS POINTER REGISTER BYTE STOP BY MASTER 05381-017 SDA Figure 15. Writing to the Address Pointer Register Only 1 9 9 1 SCL 0 1 START BY MASTER 0 1 1 1 0 R/W D7 D6 ACK. BY ADT7475 FRAME 1 SERIAL BUS ADDRESS BYTE D4 D5 D2 D3 D1 D0 NO ACK. BY STOP BY MASTER MASTER FRAME 2 DATA BYTE FROM ADT745 05381-018 SDA Figure 16. Reading Data from a Previously Selected Register In addition to supporting the send byte and receive byte protocols, the ADT7475 also supports the read byte protocol. (See System Management Bus Specifications Rev. 2.0 for more information; this document is available from Intel.) If several read or write operations must be performed in succession, the master can send a repeat start condition instead of a stop condition to begin a new operation. 4. The master sends a command code. 5. The slave asserts ACK on SDA. 6. The master asserts a stop condition on SDA and the transaction ends. For the ADT7475, the send byte protocol is used to write a register address to RAM for a subsequent single byte read from the same address. This operation is shown in Figure 17. 1 2 3 SLAVE S W A ADDRESS 4 5 6 REGISTER ADDRESS A P 05381-019 It is possible to read a data byte from a data register without first writing to the address pointer register, if the address pointer register is already at the correct value. However, it is not possible to write data to a register without writing to the address pointer register, because the first data byte of a write is always written to the address pointer register. Figure 17. Setting a Register Address for a Subsequent Read WRITE OPERATIONS The SMBus specification defines several protocols for different types of read and write operations. The ones used in the ADT7475 are discussed in this section. The following abbreviations are used in the diagrams: If the master is required to read data from the register immediately after setting up the address, it can assert a repeat start condition immediately after the final ACK and carry out a single byte read without asserting an intermediate stop condition. Write Byte In this operation, the master device sends a command byte and one data byte to the slave device as follows: S—START P—STOP R—READ W—WRITE A—ACKNOWLEDGE A—NO ACKNOWLEDGE 1. The master device asserts a start condition on SDA. 2. The master sends the 7-bit slave address followed by the write bit (low). 3. The addressed slave device asserts ACK on SDA. The ADT7475 uses the following SMBus write protocols. 4. The master sends a command code. Send Byte 5. The slave asserts ACK on SDA. In this operation, the master device sends a single command byte to a slave device as follows: 6. The master sends a data byte. 7. The slave asserts ACK on SDA. 1. The master device asserts a start condition on SDA. 8. 2. The master sends the 7-bit slave address followed by the write bit (low). The master asserts a stop condition on SDA and the transaction ends. 3. The addressed slave device asserts ACK on SDA. Rev. A | Page 11 of 68 ADT7475 1 2 3 SLAVE S ADDRESS W A 4 5 6 7 8 REGISTER ADDRESS A DATA A P 05381-020 The byte write operation is shown in Figure 18. 4. If more than one device’s SMBALERT output is low, the one with the lowest device address has priority in accordance with normal SMBus arbitration. 5. Once the ADT7475 has responded to the alert response address, the master must read the status registers, and the SMBALERT is cleared only if the error condition has gone away. Figure 18. Single Byte Write to a Register READ OPERATIONS The ADT7475 uses the following SMBus read protocols. SMBus TIMEOUT Receive Byte The ADT7475 includes an SMBus timeout feature. If there is no SMBus activity for 35 ms, the ADT7475 assumes that the bus is locked and releases the bus. This prevents the device from locking or holding the SMBus expecting data. Some SMBus controllers cannot handle the SMBus timeout feature, so it can be disabled. This operation is useful when repeatedly reading a single register. The register address needs to have been set up previously. In this operation, the master device receives a single byte from a slave device as follows: 1. The master device asserts a start condition on SDA. 2. The master sends the 7-bit slave address followed by the read bit (high). 3. The addressed slave device asserts ACK on SDA. 4. The master receives a data byte. 5. The master asserts NO ACK on SDA. 6. The master asserts a stop condition on SDA and the transaction ends. VIRUS PROTECTION 3 4 5 6 DATA A P To prevent rogue programs or viruses from accessing critical ADT7475 register settings, the lock bit can be set. Setting Bit 1 of Configuration Register 1 (0x40) sets the lock bit and locks critical registers. In this mode, certain registers can no longer be written to until the ADT7475 is powered down and powered up again. For more information on which registers are locked. See the Register Tables section. VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT INPUT 05381-021 2 SLAVE S ADDRESS R A Bit 6 TODIS = 0; SMBus timeout enabled (default). Bit 6 TODIS = 1; SMBus timeout disabled. In the ADT7475, the receive byte protocol is used to read a single byte of data from a register whose address has previously been set by a send byte or write byte operation. This operation is shown in Figure 19. 1 Configuration Register 1 (0x40) Figure 19. Single Byte Read from a Register ALERT RESPONSE ADDRESS Alert response address (ARA) is a feature of SMBus devices that allows an interrupting device to identify itself to the host when multiple devices exist on the same bus. The SMBALERT output can be used as either an interrupt output or an SMBALERT. One or more outputs can be connected to a common SMBALERT line connected to the master. If a device’s SMBALERT line goes low, the following events occur: 1. SMBALERT is pulled low. 2. The master initiates a read operation and sends the alert response address (ARA = 0001 100). This general call address must not be used as a specific device address. 3. The device whose SMBALERT output is low responds to the alert response address, and the master reads its device address. The address of the device is now known and can be interrogated in the usual way. The ADT7475 has one external voltage measurement channel. It can also measure its own supply voltage, VCC. Pin 14 can measure VCCP. The VCC supply voltage measurement is carried out through the VCC pin (Pin 3). The VCCP input can be used to monitor a chipset supply voltage in computer systems. ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER All analog inputs are multiplexed into the on-chip, successive approximation, analog-to-digital converter. This has a resolution of 10 bits. The basic input range is 0 V to 2.25 V, but the input has built-in attenuators to allow measurement of VCCP without any external components. To allow for the tolerance of the supply voltage, the ADC produces an output of 3/4 full scale (decimal 768 or 300 hex) for the nominal input voltage and so has adequate headroom to deal with overvoltages. Rev. A | Page 12 of 68 ADT7475 INPUT CIRCUITRY The internal structure for the VCCP analog input is shown in Figure 20. The input circuit consists of an input protection diode, an attenuator, and a capacitor to form a first-order, lowpass filter that gives the input immunity to high frequency noise. 52.5kΩ 35pF A number of other functions are available on the ADT7475 to offer the system designer increased flexibility. Turn-Off Averaging For each voltage measurement read from a value register, 16 readings have been made internally, and the results averaged, before being placed into the value register. For instances where faster conversions are needed, setting Bit 4 of Configuration Register 2 (0x73) turns averaging off. This effectively gives a reading 16 times faster (711 µs), but the reading may be noisier. 17.5kΩ 05381-022 VCCP ADDITIONAL ADC FUNCTIONS FOR VOLTAGE MEASUREMENTS Figure 20. Structure of Analog Inputs VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT REGISTERS Bypass Voltage Input Attenuator Register 0x21, VCCP Reading = 0x00 default Register 0x22, VCC Reading = 0x00 default VCCP LIMIT REGISTERS Associated with the VCCP measurement channel is a high and low limit register. Exceeding the programmed high or low limit causes the appropriate status bit to be set. Exceeding either limit can also generate SMBALERT interrupts. Register 0x46, VCCP Low Limit = 0x00 default Register 0x47, VCCP High Limit = 0xFF default Table 5 shows the input ranges of the analog inputs and output codes of the 10-bit ADC. When the ADC is running, it samples and converts a voltage input in 711 µs and averages 16 conversions to reduce noise; a measurement takes nominally 11.38 ms. EXTENDED RESOLUTION REGISTERS Voltage measurements can be made with higher accuracy using the extended resolution registers (0x76 and 0x77). Whenever the extended resolution registers are read, the corresponding data in the voltage measurement registers is locked until their data is read. That is, if extended resolution is required, then the extended resolution register must be read first, immediately followed by the appropriate voltage measurement register. Setting Bit 5 of Configuration Register 2 (0x73) removes the attenuation circuitry from the VCCP input. This allows the user to directly connect external sensors, or to rescale the analog voltage measurement inputs for other applications. The input range of the ADC without the attenuators is 0 V to 2.25 V. Single Channel ADC Conversion Setting Bit 6 of Configuration Register 2 (0x73) places the ADT7475 into single channel ADC conversion mode. In this mode, the ADT7475 can be made to read a single voltage channel only. If the internal ADT7475 clock is used, the selected input is read every 711 µs. The appropriate ADC channel is selected by writing to Bits [7:5] of the TACH1 minimum high byte register (0x55). Table 4. Single Channel ADC Conversion Register 0x55, Bits [7:5] 001 010 101 110 111 Channel Selected VCCP VCC Remote 1 Temperature Local Temperature Remote 2 Temperature Configuration Register 2 (0x73) Bit 4 = 1; averaging off. Bit 5 = 1; bypass input attenuators. Bit 6 = 1; single channel convert mode. TACH1 Minimum High Byte (0x55) Bits [7:5] selects ADC channel for single channel convert mode. Rev. A | Page 13 of 68 ADT7475 Table 5. 10-Bit A/D Output Code vs. VIN VCC (3.3 VIN)1 <0.0042 0.0042 to 0.0085 0.0085 to 0.0128 0.0128 to 0.0171 0.0171 to 0.0214 0.0214 to 0.0257 0.0257 to 0.0300 0.0300 to 0.0343 0.0343 to 0.0386 VCCP <0.00293 0.0293 to 0.0058 0.0058 to 0.0087 0.0087 to 0.0117 0.0117 to 0.0146 0.0146 to 0.0175 0.0175 to 0.0205 0.0205 to 0.0234 0.0234 to 0.0263 1.100 to 1.1042 0.7500 to 0.7529 2.200 to 2.2042 1.5000 to 1.5029 3.300 to 3.3042 2.2500 to 2.2529 4.3527 to 4.3570 4.3570 to 4.3613 4.3613 to 4.3656 4.3656 to 4.3699 4.3699 to 4.3742 4.3742 to 4.3785 4.3785 to 4.3828 4.3828 to 4.3871 4.3871 to 4.3914 4.3914 to 4.3957 >4.3957 2.9677 to 2.9707 2.9707 to 2.9736 2.9736 to 2.9765 2.9765 to 2.9794 2.9794 to 2.9824 2.9824 to 2.9853 2.9853 to 2.9882 2.9882 to 2.9912 2.9912 to 2.9941 2.9941 to 2.9970 >2.9970 1 A/D Output Decimal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 • • • 256 (1/4-scale) • • • 512 (1/2-scale) • • • 768 (3/4 scale) • • • 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 The VCC output codes listed assume that VCC is 3.3 V, and VCC should never exceed 3.6 V. Rev. A | Page 14 of 68 Binary (10 Bits) 00000000 00 00000000 01 00000000 10 00000000 11 00000001 00 00000001 01 00000001 10 00000001 11 00000010 00 01000000 00 10000000 00 11000000 00 11111101 01 11111101 10 11111101 11 11111110 00 11111110 01 11111110 10 11111110 11 11111111 00 11111111 01 11111111 10 11111111 11 ADT7475 TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT METHOD Remote Temperature Measurement Local Temperature Measurement The ADT7475 can measure the temperature of two remote diode sensors or diode-connected transistors connected to Pin 10 and Pin 11, or Pin 12 and Pin 13. The ADT7475 contains an on-chip band gap temperature sensor whose output is digitized by the on-chip, 10-bit ADC. The 8-bit MSB temperature data is stored in the temperature registers (0x25, 0x26, and 0x27). Because both positive and negative temperatures can be measured, the temperature data is stored in Offset 64 format or twos complement format, as shown in Table 6 and Table 7. The forward voltage of a diode or diode-connected transistor operated at a constant current exhibits a negative temperature coefficient of about –2 mV/°C. Unfortunately, the absolute value of VBE varies from device to device and individual calibration is required to null this out, so the technique is unsuitable for mass production. Theoretically, the temperature sensor and ADC can measure temperatures from −63°C to +127°C (or −61°C to +191°C in the extended temperature range) with a resolution of 0.25°C. However, this exceeds the operating temperature range of the device, so local temperature measurements outside the ADT7475 operating temperature range are not possible. VDD CPU I D+ THERMDC D– IBIAS VOUT+ TO ADC BIAS DIODE LOW-PASS FILTER fC = 65kHz Figure 21. Signal Conditioning for Remote Diode Temperature Sensors Rev. A | Page 15 of 68 VOUT– 05381-023 REMOTE SENSING TRANSISTOR THERMDA N×I ADT7475 The technique used in the ADT7475 is to measure the change in VBE when the device is operated at two different currents. This is given by ΔVBE = KT/q × 1n(N) where: A remote temperature measurement takes nominally 38 ms. The results of remote temperature measurements are stored in 10-bit, twos complement format, as shown in Table 6. The extra resolution for the temperature measurements is held in the Extended Resolution Register 2 (0x77). This gives temperature readings with a resolution of 0.25°C. Noise Filtering Figure 21 shows the input signal conditioning used to measure the output of a remote temperature sensor. This figure shows the external sensor as a substrate transistor, provided for temperature monitoring on some microprocessors. It could also be a discrete transistor such as a 2N3904/2N3906. If a discrete transistor is used, the collector is not grounded and should be linked to the base. If a PNP transistor is used, the base is connected to the D− input and the emitter to the D+ input. If an NPN transistor is used, the emitter is connected to the D− input and the base to the D+ input. Figure 22 and Figure 23 show how to connect the ADT7475 to an NPN or PNP transistor for temperature measurement. To prevent ground noise from interfering with the measurement, the more negative terminal of the sensor is not referenced to ground, but is biased above ground by an internal diode at the D− input. For temperature sensors operating in noisy environments, previous practice was to place a capacitor across the D+ pin and D− pin to help combat the effects of noise. However, large capacitances affect the accuracy of the temperature measurement, leading to a recommended maximum capacitor value of 1000 pF. This capacitor reduces the noise, but does not eliminate it. Sometimes, this sensor noise is a problem in a very noisy environment. In most cases, a capacitor is not required as differential inputs, by their very nature, have a high immunity to noise. ADT7475 2N3904 NPN D+ D– 05381-025 K is Boltzmann’s constant. q is the charge on the carrier. T is the absolute temperature in Kelvin. N is the ratio of the two currents. Figure 22. Measuring Temperature Using an NPN Transistor ADT7475 2N3906 PNP D– 05381-026 D+ To measure ΔVBE, the sensor is switched between operating currents of I and N × I. The resulting waveform is passed through a 65 kHz low-pass filter to remove noise, and to a chopper-stabilized amplifier that performs the functions of amplification and rectification of the waveform to produce a dc voltage proportional to ΔVBE. This voltage is measured by the ADC to give a temperature output in 10-bit, twos complement format. To further reduce the effects of noise, digital filtering is performed by averaging the results of 16 measurement cycles. Figure 23. Measuring Temperature Using a PNP Transistor Rev. A | Page 16 of 68 ADT7475 Transistors, such as 2N3904, 2N3906, or equivalents in SOT-23 packages, are suitable devices to use. FACTORS AFFECTING DIODE ACCURACY Remote Sensing Diode The ADT7475 is designed to work with either substrate transistors built into processors or with discrete transistors. Substrate transistors are generally PNP types with the collector connected to the substrate. Discrete types can be either PNP or NPN transistors connected as a diode (base-shorted to the collector). If an NPN transistor is used, the collector and base are connected to D+ and the emitter to D−. If a PNP transistor is used, the collector and base are connected to D− and the emitter is connected to D+. To reduce the error due to variations in both substrate and discrete transistors, a number of factors should be taken into consideration: • The ideality factor, nf, of the transistor is a measure of the deviation of the thermal diode from ideal behavior. The ADT7475 is trimmed for an nf value of 1.008. Use the following equation to calculate the error introduced at a temperature, T (°C), when using a transistor whose nf does not equal 1.008. See the processor data sheet for the nf values. ∆T = (nf − 1.008) × (273.15 K + T) To factor this in, the user can write the ∆T value to the offset register. The ADT7475 automatically adds it to or subtracts it from the temperature measurement. • Some CPU manufacturers specify the high and low current levels of the substrate transistors. The high current level of the ADT7475, IHIGH, is 180 µA and the low level current, ILOW, is 11 µA. If the ADT7475 current levels do not match the current levels specified by the CPU manufacturer, it might be necessary to remove an offset. The CPU’s data sheet advises whether this offset needs to be removed and how to calculate it. This offset can be programmed to the offset register. If more than one offset must be considered, the algebraic sum of these offsets must be programmed to the offset register. If a discrete transistor is used with the ADT7475, the best accuracy is obtained by choosing devices according to the following criteria: • Base-emitter voltage greater than 0.25 V at 11 µA, at the highest operating temperature. • Base-emitter voltage less than 0.95 V at 180 µA, at the lowest operating temperature. • Base resistance less than 100 Ω. • Small variation in hFE (approximately 50 to 150) that indicates tight control of VBE characteristics. Table 6. Twos Complement Temperature Data Format Temperature –128°C –50°C –25°C –10°C 0°C 10.25°C 25.5°C 50.75°C 75°C 100°C 125°C 127°C 1 Digital Output (10-Bit)1 1000 0000 00 (diode fault) 1100 1110 00 1110 0111 00 1111 0110 00 0000 0000 00 0000 1010 01 0001 1001 10 0011 0010 11 0100 1011 00 0110 0100 00 0111 1101 00 0111 1111 00 Bold numbers denote 2 LSB of measurement in Extended Resolution Register 2 (0x77) with 0.25°C resolution. Table 7. Extended Range, Temperature Data Format Temperature –64°C –1°C 0°C 1°C 10°C 25°C 50°C 75°C 100°C 125°C 191°C 1 Digital Output (10-Bit)1 0000 0000 00 (diode fault) 0011 1111 00 0100 0000 00 0100 0001 00 0100 1010 00 0101 1001 00 0111 0010 00 1000 1001 00 1010 0100 00 1011 1101 00 1111 1111 00 Bold numbers denote 2 LSB of measurement in Extended Resolution Register 2 (0x77) with 0.25°C resolution. Nulling Out Temperature Errors As CPUs run faster, it is more difficult to avoid high frequency clocks when routing the D+/D– traces around a system board. Even when recommended layout guidelines are followed, some temperature errors may still be attributable to noise coupled onto the D+/D– lines. Constant high frequency noise usually attenuates, or increases, temperature measurements by a linear, constant value. The ADT7475 has two temperature offset registers, Register 0x70 and Register 0x72) for the Remote 1 and Remote 2 temperature channels. By doing a one-time calibration of the system, the user can determine the offset caused by system board noise and null it out using the offset registers. The offset registers automatically add a twos complement 8-bit reading to every temperature measurement. Rev. A | Page 17 of 68 ADT7475 Changing Bit 1 of Configuration Register 5 (0x7C) changes the resolution and therefore the range of the temperature offset as either having a range of –63°C to +127°C, with a resolution of 1°C, or having a range of −63°C to +64°C, with a resolution of 0.5°C. This temperature offset can be used to compensate for linear temperature errors introduced by noise. Reading Temperature from the ADT7475 Temperature Offset Registers If the 10-bit measurement is required, this involves a 2-register read for each measurement. The Extended Resolution Register 2 (0x77) should be read first. This causes all temperature reading registers to be frozen until all temperature reading registers have been read from. This prevents an MSB reading from being updated while its two LSBs are being read and vice versa. Register 0x70, Remote 1 Temperature Offset = 0x00 (0°C default) Register 0x71, Local Temperature Offset = 0x00 (0°C default) Register 0x72, Remote 2 Temperature Offset = 0x00 (0°C default) ADT7463/ADT7475 Backwards Compatible Mode By setting Bit 0 of Configuration Register 5 (0x7C), all temperature measurements are stored in the zone temperature value registers (0x25, 0x26, and 0x27) in twos complement in the range −63°C to +127°C. The temperature limits must be reprogrammed in twos complement. If a twos complement temperature below −63°C is entered, the temperature is clamped to −63°C. In this mode, the diode fault condition remains −128°C = 1000 0000, while in the extended temperature range (−63°C to +191°C), the fault condition is represented by −64°C = 0000 0000. Temperature Measurement Registers Register 0x25, Remote 1 Temperature It is important to note that temperature can be read from the ADT7475 as an 8-bit value (with 1°C resolution) or as a 10-bit value (with 0.25°C resolution). If only 1°C resolution is required, the temperature readings can be read back at any time and in no particular order. ADDITIONAL ADC FUNCTIONS FOR TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT A number of other functions are available on the ADT7475 to offer the system designer increased flexibility. Turn-Off Averaging For each temperature measurement read from a value register, 16 readings have actually been made internally, and the results averaged, before being placed into the value register. Sometimes it is necessary to take a very fast measurement. Setting Bit 4 of Configuration Register 2 (0x73) turns averaging off. The default round-robin cycle time takes 146.5 ms. Table 8. Conversion Time with Averaging Disabled Register 0x26, Local Temperature Channel Voltage Channels Remote Temperature 1 Remote Temperature 2 Local Temperature Register 0x27, Remote 2 Temperature Register 0x77, Extended Resolution 2 = 0x00 default Bits [7:6] TDM2, Remote 2 temperature LSBs. Measurement Time (ms) 0.7 7 7 1.3 When Bit 7 of Configuration Register 6 (0x10) is set, the default round-robin cycle time increases to 240 ms. Bits [5:4] LTMP, local temperature LSBs. Bits [3:2] TDM1, Remote 1 temperature LSBs. Table 9. Conversion Time with Averaging Enabled Temperature Measurement Limit Registers Associated with each temperature measurement channel are high and low limit registers. Exceeding the programmed high or low limit causes the appropriate status bit to be set. Exceeding either limit can also generate SMBALERT interrupts (depending on the way the interrupt mask register is programmed and assuming that SMBALERT is set as an output on the appropriate pin). Channel Voltage Channels Remote Temperature 1 Remote Temperature 2 Local Temperature Register 0x4E, Remote 1 Temperature Low Limit = 0x81 default Register 0x4F, Remote 1 Temperature High Limit = 0x7F default Register 0x50, Local Temperature Low Limit = 0x81 default Register 0x51, Local Temperature High Limit = 0x7F default Register 0x52, Remote 2 Temperature Low Limit = 0x81 default Register 0x53, Remote 2 Temperature High Limit = 0x7F default Rev. A | Page 18 of 68 Measurement Time (ms) 11 39 39 12 ADT7475 Single Channel ADC Conversions Setting Bit 6 of Configuration Register 2 (0x73) places the ADT7475 into single channel ADC conversion mode. In this mode, the ADT7475 can be made to read a single temperature channel only. The appropriate ADC channel is selected by writing to Bits [7:5] of the TACH1 minimum high byte register (0x55). The fans run at this speed until the temperature drops below THERM minus hysteresis. This can be disabled by setting the boost bit in Configuration Register 3 (0x78), Bit 2. The hysteresis value for the THERM temperature limit is the value programmed into Register 0x6D and Register 0x6E (hysteresis registers). The default hysteresis value is 4°C. THERM LIMIT Table 10. Programming Single Channel ADC Mode for Temperatures HYSTERESIS (°C) Channel Selected Remote 1 temperature Local temperature Remote 2 temperature TEMPERATURE 100% FANS Configuration Register 2 (0x73) 05381-027 Register 0x55, Bits [7:5] 101 110 111 Figure 24. THERM Temperature Limit Operation Bit 4 = 1, averaging off. TACH1 Minimum High Byte Register ( 0x55) THERM can be disabled on specific temperature channels using Bits [7:5] of Configuration Register 5 (0x7C). THERM can also be disabled by: Bits [7:5] selects ADC channel for single channel convert mode. • In Offset 64 mode, writing −64°C to the appropriate THERM Bit 6 = 1, single channel convert mode. temperature limit. Overtemperature Events Overtemperature events on any of the temperature channels can be detected and dealt with automatically in automatic fan speed control mode. Register 0x6A to Register 0x6C are the THERM temperature limit registers. When a temperature exceeds its THERM temperature limit, all PWM outputs run at the maximum PWM duty cycle (Register 0x38, Register 0x39, and Register 0x3A). This effectively runs the fans at the fastest allowed speed. • In twos complement mode, writing −128°C to the appropriate THERM temperature limit. Rev. A | Page 19 of 68 ADT7475 LIMITS, STATUS REGISTERS, AND INTERRUPTS LIMIT VALUES Register 0x56, TACH2 Minimum Low Byte = 0x00 default Associated with each measurement channel on the ADT7475 are high and low limits. These can form the basis of system status monitoring; a status bit can be set for any out-of-limit condition and detected by polling the device. Alternatively, SMBALERT interrupts can be generated to flag a processor or microcontroller of out-of-limit conditions. Register 0x57, TACH2 Minimum High Byte = 0x00 default 8-Bit Limits Register 0x5B, TACH4 Minimum High Byte = 0x00 default The following is a list of 8-bit limits on the ADT7475. Register 0x58, TACH3 Minimum Low Byte = 0x00 default Register 0x59, TACH3 Minimum High Byte = 0x00 default Register 0x5A, TACH4 Minimum Low Byte = 0x00 default Out-of-Limit Comparisons Voltage Limit Registers Once all limits have been programmed, the ADT7475 can be enabled for monitoring. The ADT7475 measures all voltage and temperature measurements in round-robin format and sets the appropriate status bit for out-of-limit conditions. TACH measurements are not part of this round-robin cycle. Comparisons are done differently, depending on whether the measured value is being compared to a high or low limit. Register 0x46, VCCP Low Limit = 0x00 default Register 0x47, VCCP High Limit = 0xFF default Register 0x48, VCC Low Limit = 0x00 default Register 0x49, VCC High Limit = 0xFF default Temperature Limit Registers High Limit > Comparison Performed Register 0x4E, Remote 1 Temperature Low Limit = 0x01 default Low Limit ≤ Comparison Performed Register 0x4F, Remote 1 Temperature High Limit = 0x7F default Register 0x50, Local Temperature Low Limit = 0x01 default Voltage and temperature channels use a window comparator for error detecting and, therefore, have high and low limits. Fan speed measurements use only a low limit. This fan limit is needed only in manual fan control mode. Register 0x51, Local Temperature High Limit = 0x7F default Analog Monitoring Cycle Time Register 0x6A, Remote 1 THERM Limit = 0x64 default Register 0x6B, Local THERM Limit = 0x64 default Register 0x52, Remote 2 Temperature Low Limit = 0x01 default Register 0x53, Remote 2 Temperature High Limit = 0x7F default Register 0x6C, Remote 2 THERM Limit = 0x64 default THERM Limit Register As the ADC is normally left to free-run in this manner, the time taken to monitor all the analog inputs is normally not of interest, because the most recently measured value of any input can be read out at any time. Register 0x7A, THERM Timer Limit = 0x00 default 16-Bit Limits The fan TACH measurements are 16-bit results. The fan TACH limits are also 16 bits, consisting of a high byte and low byte. Because fans running under speed or stalled are normally the only conditions of interest, only high limits exist for fan TACHs. Because the fan TACH period is actually being measured, exceeding the limit indicates a slow or stalled fan. Fan Limit Registers Register 0x54, TACH1 Minimum Low Byte = 0x00 default Register 0x55, TACH1 Minimum High Byte = 0x00 default The analog monitoring cycle begins when a 1 is written to the start bit (Bit 0) of Configuration Register 1 (0x40). By default, the ADT7475 powers up with this bit set. The ADC measures each analog input in turn and, as each measurement is completed, the result is automatically stored in the appropriate value register. This round-robin monitoring cycle continues unless disabled by writing a 0 to Bit 0 of Configuration Register 1. For applications where the monitoring cycle time is important, it can easily be calculated. The total number of channels measured is • One dedicated supply voltage input (VCCP) • Supply voltage (VCC pin) • Local temperature • Two remote temperatures Rev. A | Page 20 of 68 ADT7475 As mentioned previously, the ADC performs round-robin conversions. The total monitoring cycle time for averaged voltage and temperature monitoring is 146 ms. The total monitoring cycle time for voltage and temperature monitoring with averaging disabled is 19 ms. The ADT7475 is a derivative of the ADT7467. As a result, the total conversion time in the ADT7475 is the same as the total conversion time of the ADT7467. Fan TACH measurements are made in parallel and are not synchronized with the analog measurements in any way. The state of the various measurement channels can be polled by reading the status registers over the serial bus. In Bit 7 (OOL) of Interrupt Status Register 1 (0x41), 1 means that an out-of-limit event has been flagged in Interrupt Status Register 2. This means that the user needs only to read Interrupt Status Register 2 when this bit is set. Alternatively, Pin 5 or Pin 9 can be configured as an SMBALERT output. This automatically notifies the system supervisor of an out-of-limit condition. Reading the status registers clears the appropriate status bit as long as the error condition that caused the interrupt has cleared. Status register bits are sticky. Whenever a status bit is set, indicating an out-of-limit condition, it remains set even if the event that caused it has gone away (until read). The only way to clear the status bit is to read the status register after the event has gone away. Interrupt status mask registers (0x74 and 0x75) allow individual interrupt sources to be masked from causing an SMBALERT. However, if one of these masked interrupt sources goes out-of-limit, its associated status bit is set in the interrupt status registers. Bit 6 (R2T) = 1, Remote 2 temperature high or low limit has been exceeded. Bit 6 (D1) = 1, indicates an open or short on D1+/D1– inputs. Bit 5 (F4P) = 1, indicates Fan 4 has dropped below minimum speed. Alternatively, indicates the THERM limit has been exceeded, if the THERM function is used. Bit 4 (FAN3) = 1, indicates Fan 3 has dropped below minimum speed. Bit 2 (FAN1) = 1, indicates Fan 1 has dropped below minimum speed. Bit 1 (OVT) = 1, indicates a THERM overtemperature limit has been exceeded. SMBALERT Interrupt Behavior The ADT7475 can be polled for status, or an SMBALERT interrupt can be generated for out-of-limit conditions. Note how the SMBALERT output and status bits behave when writing interrupt handler software. HIGH LIMIT TEMPERATURE CLEARED ON READ (TEMP BELOW LIMIT) STICKY STATUS BIT TEMP BACK IN LIMIT (STATUS BIT STAYS SET) SMBALERT 05381-028 The results of limit comparisons are stored in Interrupt Status Register 1 and Interrupt Status Register 2. The status register bit for each channel reflects the status of the last measurement and limit comparison on that channel. If a measurement is within limits, the corresponding status register bit is cleared to 0. If the measurement is out-of-limits, the corresponding status register bit is set to 1. Bit 7 (OOL) = 1, denotes a bit in Status Register 2 is set and Interrupt Status Register 2 should be read. Bit 7 (D2) = 1, indicates an open or short on D2+/D2– inputs. Bit 3 (FAN2) = 1, indicates Fan 2 has dropped below minimum speed. INTERRUPT STATUS REGISTERS Interrupt Status Register 1 (0x41) Status Register 2 (0x42) Figure 25. SMBALERT and Status Bit Behavior Figure 25 shows how the SMBALERT output and sticky status bits behave. Once a limit is exceeded, the corresponding status bit is set to 1. The status bit remains set until the error condition subsides and the status register is read. The status bits are referred to as sticky, because they remain set until read by software. This ensures an out-of-limit event cannot be missed, if software is polling the device periodically. Note the SMBALERT output remains low for the entire duration that a reading is out-of-limit and until the interrupt status register has been read. This has implications on how software handles the interrupt. Bit 5 (LT) = 1, local temperature high or low limit has been exceeded. Bit 4 (R1T) = 1, Remote 1 temperature high or low limit has been exceeded. Bit 2 (VCC) = 1, VCC high or low limit has been exceeded. Bit 1 (VCCP) = 1, VCCP high or low limit has been exceeded. Rev. A | Page 21 of 68 ADT7475 Handling SMBALERT Interrupts Interrupt Mask Register 2 (0x75) To prevent the system from being tied up servicing interrupts, it is recommended to handle the SMBALERT interrupt as follows: Bit 7 (D2) = 1, masks SMBALERT for Diode 2 errors. 1. Detect the SMBALERT assertion. 2. Enter the interrupt handler. 3. Read the status registers to identify the interrupt source. 4. Mask the interrupt source by setting the appropriate mask bit in the interrupt mask registers (0x74 and 0x75). 5. Take the appropriate action for a given interrupt source. 6. Exit the interrupt handler. 7. Periodically poll the status registers. If the interrupt status bit has cleared, reset the corresponding interrupt mask bit to 0. This causes the SMBALERT output and status bits to behave as shown in Figure 26. Bit 6 (D1) = 1, masks SMBALERT for Diode 1 errors. Bit 5 (FAN4) = 1, masks SMBALERT for Fan 4 failure. If the TACH4 pin is being used as the THERM input, this bit masks SMBALERT for a THERM event. Bit 4 (FAN3) = 1, masks SMBALERT for Fan 3. Bit 3 (FAN2) = 1, masks SMBALERT for Fan 2. Bit 2 (FAN1) = 1, masks SMBALERT for Fan 1. HIGH LIMIT Bit 1 (OVT) = 1, masks SMBALERT for over temperature (exceeding THERM limits). Enabling the SMBALERT Interrupt Output The SMBALERT interrupt function is disabled by default. Pin 5 or Pin 9 can be reconfigured as an SMBALERT output to signal out-of-limit conditions. Table 11. Configuring Pin 5 as SMBALERT Output TEMPERATURE Register Configuration Register 3 (0x78) CLEARED ON READ (TEMP BELOW LIMIT) STICKY STATUS BIT Assigning THERM Functionality to a Pin INTERRUPT MASK BIT SET INTERRUPT MASK BIT CLEARED (SMBALERT RE-ARMED) 05381-029 TEMP BACK IN LIMIT (STATUS BIT STAYS SET) SMBALERT Bit Setting [0] ALERT = 1 Figure 26. How Masking the Interrupt Source Affects SMBALERT Output Masking Interrupt Sources Interrupt Mask Register 1 (0x74) and Interrupt Mask Register 2 (0x75) allow individual interrupt sources to be masked out to prevent SMBALERT interrupts. Note that masking an interrupt source prevents only the SMBALERT output from being asserted; the appropriate status bit is set normally. Pin 9 on the ADT7475 has four possible functions: SMBus ALERT, THERM, GPIO, and TACH4. The user chooses the required functionality by setting Bit 0 and Bit 1 of Configuration Register 4 (0x7D). Table 12. Pin 9 Configuration Bit 0 0 0 1 1 Bit 1 0 1 0 1 Function TACH4 THERM SMBus ALERT GPIO Once Pin 9 is configured as THERM, it must be enabled (Bit 1, Configuration Register 3 (0x78)). THERM as an Input Interrupt Mask Register 1 (0x74) Bit 7 (OOL) = 1, masks SMBALERT for any alert condition flagged in Interrupt Status Register 2. Bit 6 (R2T) = 1, masks SMBALERT for Remote 2 temperature. When THERM is configured as an input, the user can time assertions on the THERM pin. This can be useful for connecting to the PROCHOT output of a CPU to gauge system performance. Bit 5 (LT) = 1, masks SMBALERT for local temperature. Bit 4 (R1T) = 1, masks SMBALERT for Remote 1 temperature. Bit 2 (VCC) = 1, masks SMBALERT for VCC channel. Bit 0 (VCCP) = 1, masks SMBALERT for VCCP channel. Rev. A | Page 22 of 68 ADT7475 The user can also set up the ADT7475 so when the THERM pin is driven low externally, the fans run at 100%. The fans run at 100% for the duration of the time that the THERM pin is pulled low. This is done by setting the BOOST bit (Bit 2) in Configuration Register 3 (0x78) to 1. This works only if the fan is already running, for example, in manual mode when the current duty cycle is above 0x00, or in automatic mode when the temperature is above TMIN. If the temperature is below TMIN or if the duty cycle in manual mode is set to 0x00, then pulling the THERM low externally has no effect. See Figure 27 for more information. The 8-bit THERM timer status register (0x79) is designed so that the Bit 0 is set to 1 on the first THERM assertion. Once the cumulative THERM assertion time has exceeded 45.52 ms, Bit 1 of the THERM timer is set and Bit 0 now becomes the LSB of the timer with a resolution of 22.76 ms (see Figure 28). When using the THERM timer, be aware of the following. After a THERM timer read (Register 0x79): 1. The contents of the timer are cleared on read. 2. The F4P bit (Bit 5) of Interrupt Status Register 2 needs to be cleared (assuming that the THERM timer limit has been exceeded). TMIN If the THERM timer is read during a THERM assertion, the following happens: THERM ASSERTED TO LOW AS AN INPUT: FANS DO NOT GO TO 100% BECAUSE TEMPERATURE IS ABOVE TMIN AND FANS ARE ALREADY RUNNING. The contents of the timer are cleared. 2. Bit 0 of the THERM timer is set to 1 (because a THERM assertion is occurring). 3. The THERM timer increments from zero. 4. If the THERM timer limit (Register 0x7A) = 0x00, then the F4P bit is set. 05381-030 THERM ASSERTED TO LOW AS AN INPUT: FANS DO NOT GO TO 100% BECAUSE TEMPERATURE IS BELOW TMIN. 1. Figure 27. Asserting THERM Low as an Input in Automatic Fan Speed Control Mode THERM THERM TIMER (REG. 0x79) THERM TIMER The ADT7475 has an internal timer to measure THERM assertion time. For example, the THERM input can be connected to the PROCHOT output of a Pentium 4 CPU to measure system performance. The THERM input can also be connected to the output of a trip point temperature sensor. The timer is started on the assertion of the ADT7475’s THERM input and stopped when THERM is unasserted. The timer counts THERM times cumulatively, that is, the timer resumes counting on the next THERM assertion. The THERM timer continues to accumulate THERM assertion times until the timer is read (it is cleared on read) or until it reaches full scale. If the counter reaches full scale, it stops at that reading until cleared. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 THERM ASSERTED ≤ 22.76ms THERM ACCUMULATE THERM LOW ASSERTION TIMES THERM TIMER (REG. 0x79) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 THERM ASSERTED ≥ 45.52ms THERM ACCUMULATE THERM LOW ASSERTION TIMES THERM TIMER (REG. 0x79) 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 THERM ASSERTED ≥ 113.8ms (91.04ms + 22.76ms) Figure 28. Understanding the THERM Timer Rev. A | Page 23 of 68 05381-031 THERM ADT7475 Generating SMBALERT Interrupts from THERM Timer Events If the THERM timer value exceeds the THERM timer limit value, then the F4P bit (Bit 5) of Interrupt Status Register 2 is set, and an SMBALERT is generated. Note the F4P bit (Bit 5) of Interrupt Mask Register 2 (0x75) masks out SMBALERTs, if this bit is set to 1; although the F4P bit of Interrupt Status Register 2 still is set, if the THERM timer limit is exceeded. The ADT7475 can generate SMBALERTs when a programmable THERM timer limit has been exceeded. This allows the system designer to ignore brief, infrequent THERM assertions, while capturing longer THERM timer events. Register 0x7A is the THERM timer limit register. This 8-bit register allows a limit from 0 seconds (first THERM assertion) to 5.825 seconds to be set before an SMBALERT is generated. The THERM timer value is compared with the contents of the THERM timer limit register. Figure 29 is a functional block diagram of the THERM timer, limit, and associated circuitry. Writing a value of 0x00 to the THERM timer limit register (0x7A) causes SMBALERT to be generated on the first THERM assertion. A THERM timer limit value of 0x01 generates an SMBALERT, once cumulative THERM assertions exceed 45.52 ms. 2.914s 1.457s 728.32ms 364.16ms THERM TIMER 182.08ms (REGISTER 0x79) 91.04ms 45.52ms 22.76ms 2.914s 1.457s 728.32ms 364.16ms THERM TIMER LIMIT 182.08ms (REGISTER 0x7A) 91.04ms 45.52ms 22.76ms 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 THERM THERM TIMER CLEARED ON READ COMPARATOR IN OUT LATCH F4P BIT (BIT 5) INTERRUPT STATUS REGISTER 2 SMBALERT RESET CLEARED ON READ F4P BIT (BIT 5) INTERRUPT MASK REGISTER 2 (REGISTER 0x75) Figure 29. Functional Block Diagram of ADT7475’s THERM Monitoring Circuitry Rev. A | Page 24 of 68 05381-032 1 = MASK ADT7475 Configuring the THERM Behavior Configure the relevant pin as the THERM timer input. Setting Bit 1 (THERM) of Configuration Register 3 (0x78) enables the THERM timer monitoring functionality. This is disabled on Pin 9 by default. Setting Bit 0 and Bit 1 (PIN9FUNC) of Configuration Register 4 (0x7D) enables THERM timer/output functionality on Pin 9 (Bit 1, THERM, of Configuration Register 3, must also be set). Pin 9 can also be used as TACH4. 2. Select the desired fan behavior for THERM timer events. Assuming that the fans are running, setting Bit 2 (BOOST bit) of Configuration Register 3 (0x78) causes all fans to run at 100% duty cycle whenever THERM is asserted. This allows fail-safe system cooling. If this bit is 0, the fans run at their current settings and are not affected by THERM events. If the fans are not already running when THERM is asserted, the fans do not run to full speed. 3. Select whether THERM timer events should generate SMBALERT interrupts. Bit 5 (F4P) of Interrupt Mask Register 2 (0x75), when set, masks out SMBALERTs when the THERM timer limit value is exceeded. This bit should be cleared if SMBALERTs based on THERM events are required. 4. Select a suitable THERM limit value. This value determines whether an SMBALERT is generated on the first THERM assertion, or only if a cumulative THERM assertion time limit is exceeded. A value of 0x00 causes an SMBALERT to be generated on the first THERM assertion. 5. Select a THERM monitoring time. Configuring the THERM Pin as an Output In addition to monitoring THERM as an input, the ADT7475 can optionally drive THERM low as an output. In cases where PROCHOT is bidirectional, THERM can be used to throttle the processor by asserting PROCHOT. The user can preprogram system-critical thermal limits. If the temperature exceeds a thermal limit by 0.25°C, THERM asserts low. If the temperature is still above the thermal limit on the next monitoring cycle, THERM stays low. THERM remains asserted low until the temperature is equal to or below the thermal limit. Because the temperature for that channel is measured only once for every monitoring cycle, after THERM asserts it is guaranteed to remain low for at least one monitoring cycle. The THERM pin can be configured to assert low, if the Remote 1, local, or Remote 2 THERM temperature limits are exceeded by 0.25°C. The THERM temperature limit registers are at Register 0x6A, Register 0x6B, and Register 0x6C, respectively. Setting Bit 3 of Register 0x5F, Register 0x60, and Register 0x61 enables the THERM output feature for the Remote 1, local, and Remote 2 temperature channels, respectively. Figure 30 shows how the THERM pin asserts low as an output in the event of a critical over temperature. THERM LIMIT 0.25°C THERM LIMIT TEMP THERM This value specifies how often OS or BIOS level software checks the THERM timer. For example, BIOS could read the THERM timer once an hour to determine the cumulative THERM assertion time. If, for example, the total THERM assertion time is <22.76 ms in Hour 1, >182.08 ms in Hour 2, and >5.825 s in Hour 3, this can indicate that system performance is degrading significantly because THERM is asserting more frequently on an hourly basis. MONITORING CYCLE 05381-033 1. Alternatively, OS- or BIOS-level software can timestamp when the system is powered on. If an SMBALERT is generated due to the THERM timer limit being exceeded, another timestamp can be taken. The difference in time can be calculated for a fixed THERM timer limit time. For example, if it takes one week for a THERM timer limit of 2.914 sec to be exceeded and the next time it takes only 1 hour, then this is an indication of a serious degradation in system performance. Figure 30. Asserting THERM as an Output, Based on Tripping THERM Limits An alternative method of disabling THERM is to program the THERM temperature limit to −64°C or less in Offset 64 mode, or −128°C or less in twos complement mode; that is, for THERM temperature limit values less than −63°C or −128°C, respectively, THERM is disabled. Rev. A | Page 25 of 68 ADT7475 Enabling and Disabling THERM on Individual Channels THERM can be enabled/disabled for individual or combinations of temperature channels using Bits [7:5] of Configuration Register 5 (0x7C). THERM Hysteresis The only other stipulation is that the MOSFET should have a gate voltage drive, VGS < 3.3 V, for direct interfacing to the PWM output pin. The MOSFET should also have a low on resistance to ensure that there is not significant voltage drop across the FET, which would reduce the voltage applied across the fan and, therefore, the maximum operating speed of the fan. Figure 31 shows how to drive a 3-wire fan using PWM control. 12V If THERM hysteresis is enabled and THERM is disabled (Bit 2 of Configuration Register 4, 0x7D), the THERM pin does not assert low when a THERM event occurs. If THERM hysteresis is disabled and THERM is disabled (Bit 2 of Configuration Register 4, 0x7D and assuming the appropriate pin is configured as THERM), the THERM pin asserts low when a THERM event occurs. 12V 10kΩ TACH/AIN 10kΩ 12V FAN 1N4148 4.7kΩ ADT7475 3.3V 10kΩ Q1 NDT3055L PWM 05381-034 Setting Bit 0 of Configuration Register 7 (0x11) disables THERM hysteresis. Figure 31. Driving a 3-Wire Fan Using an N-Channel MOSFET If THERM and THERM hysteresis are both enabled, the THERM output asserts as expected. THERM Operation in Manual mode In manual mode, THERM events do not cause fans to go to full speed, unless Bit 3 of Configuration Register 6 (0x10) is set to 1. Additionally, Bit 3 of Configuration Register 4 (0x7D) can be used to select PWM speed on THERM event (100% or maximum PWM). Bit 2 in Configuration Register 4 (0x7D) can be set to disable THERM events from affecting the fans. FAN DRIVE USING PWM CONTROL The ADT7475 uses pulse-width modulation (PWM) to control fan speed. This relies on varying the duty cycle (or on/off ratio) of a square wave applied to the fan to vary the fan speed. The external circuitry required to drive a fan using PWM control is extremely simple. For 4-wire fans, the PWM drive might need only a pull-up resistor. In many cases, the 4-wire fan PWM input has a built-in pull-up resistor. Figure 31 uses a 10 kΩ pull-up resistor for the TACH signal. This assumes that the TACH signal is an open-collector from the fan. In all cases, the TACH signal from the fan must be kept below 3.6 V maximum to prevent damaging the ADT7475. If in doubt as to whether the fan used has an open-collector or totem pole TACH output, use one of the input signal conditioning circuits shown in the Fan Speed Measurement section. Figure 32 shows a fan drive circuit using an NPN transistor such as a general-purpose MMBT2222. While these devices are inexpensive, they tend to have much lower current handling capabilities and higher on resistance than MOSFETs. When choosing a transistor, care should be taken to ensure that it meets the fan’s current requirements. Ensure that the base resistor is chosen, so the transistor is saturated when the fan is powered on. 12V 10kΩ TACH 10kΩ 4.7kΩ The ADT7475 PWM frequency can be set to a selection of low frequencies or a single high PWM frequency. The low frequency options are usually used for 3-wire fans, while the high frequency option is usually used with 4-wire fans. 12V ADT7475 TACH 12V FAN 1N4148 3.3V PWM For 3-wire fans, a single N-channel MOSFET is the only drive device required. The specifications of the MOSFET depend on the maximum current required by the fan being driven. Typical notebook fans draw a nominal 170 mA, so SOT devices can be used where board space is a concern. In desktops, fans can typically draw 250 mA to 300 mA each. If you drive several fans in parallel from a single PWM output or drive larger server fans, the MOSFET must handle the higher current requirements. Rev. A | Page 26 of 68 Q1 MMBT2222 Figure 32. Driving a 3-Wire Fan Using an NPN Transistor 05381-035 665Ω ADT7475 Because 4-wire fans are powered continuously, the fan speed is not switched on or off as with previous PWM driven/powered fans. This enables it to perform better than 3-wire fans, especially for high frequency applications. Figure 33 shows a typical drive circuit for 4-wire fans. 12V 12V 12V, 4-WIRE FAN 10kΩ TACH measurements for fans are synchronized to particular PWM channels; for example, TACH1 is synchronized to PWM1. TACH3 and TACH4 are both synchronized to PWM3, so PWM3 can drive two fans. Alternatively, PWM3 can be programmed to synchronize TACH2, TACH3, and TACH4 to the PWM3 output. This allows PWM3 to drive two or three fans. In this case, the drive circuitry looks the same, as shown in Figure 37 and Figure 38. The SYNC bit in Register 0x62 enables this function. TACH TACH 4.7kΩ ADT7475 Driving up to Three Fans from PWM3 VCC 10kΩ TACH PWM 3.3V 05381-036 2kΩ PWM Figure 33. Driving a 4-Wire Fan Driving Two Fans from PWM3 The ADT7475 has four TACH inputs available for fan speed measurement, but only three PWM drive outputs. If a fourth fan is being used in the system, it should be driven from the PWM3 output in parallel with the third fan. Figure 34 shows how to drive two fans in parallel using low cost NPN transistors. Figure 35 shows the equivalent circuit using a MOSFET. Synchronization is not required in high frequency mode when used with 4-wire fans. Bit 4 (SYNC) Enhance Acoustics Register 1 (0x62) SYNC = 1, synchronizes TACH2, TACH3, and TACH4 to PWM3. TACH Inputs 12V 3.3V 3.3V 1N4148 ADT7475 TACH3 1kΩ PWM3 2.2kΩ TACH4 Q1 MMBT3904 10Ω Q2 MMBT2222 05381-037 10Ω Q3 MMBT2222 Because the MOSFET can handle up to 3.5 A, it is simply a matter of connecting another fan directly in parallel with the first. Care should be taken in designing drive circuits with transistors and FETs to ensure that the PWM pins are not required to source current and that they sink less than the 8 mA maximum current specified on the data sheet. Figure 34. Interfacing Two Fans in Parallel to the PWM3 Output Using Low Cost NPN Transistors 3.3V 10kΩ TYPICAL Pin 4, Pin 6, Pin 7, and Pin 9, when configured as TACH inputs, are open-drain TACH inputs intended for fan speed measurement. Signal conditioning in the ADT7475 accommodates the slow rise and fall times typical of fan tachometer outputs. The maximum input signal range is 0 V to 3.6 V. In the event these inputs are supplied from fan outputs that exceed 0 V to 3.6 V, either resistive attenuation of the fan signal or diode clamping must be included to keep inputs within an acceptable range. Figure 36 to Figure 39 show circuits for most common fan TACH outputs. If the fan TACH output has a resistive pull-up to VCC, it can be connected directly to the fan input, as shown in Figure 36. TACH4 +V 3.3V 12V 10kΩ TYPICAL TACH3 TACH 5V OR 12V FAN 1N4148 TACH 5V OR 12V FAN 3.3V TACH OUTPUT 10kΩ TYPICAL Q1 NDT3055L 05381-038 PWM3 PULL-UP 4.7kΩ TYPICAL Figure 35. Interfacing Two Fans in Parallel to the PWM3 Output Using a Single N-Channel MOSFET Rev. A | Page 27 of 68 TACH FAN SPEED COUNTER ADT7475 Figure 36. Fan with TACH Pull-Up to V CC B 05381-039 ADT7475 VCC +V ADT7475 If the fan output has a resistive pull-up to 12 V, or other voltage greater than 3.6 V, the fan output can be clamped with a Zener diode, as shown in Figure 37. The Zener diode voltage should be chosen so that it is greater than VIH of the TACH input but less than 3.6 V, allowing for the voltage tolerance of the Zener. A value between 3 V and 3.6 V is suitable. VCC PULL-UP 4.7kΩ TYPICAL TACH OUTPUT TACH ZD11 FAN SPEED COUNTER ADT7475 05381-040 12V 1 CHOOSE ZD1 VOLTAGE APPROXIMATELY 0.8 × V . CC Figure 37. Fan with TACH Pull-Up to Voltage > 3.6 V (For Example, 12 V) Clamped with Zener Diode VCC TACH OUTPUT TACH ZD1 ZENER* Once the corresponding high byte has been read, TACH measurements are unlocked and interrupts are processed as normal. FAN SPEED COUNTER ADT7475 05381-041 R1 10kΩ N, the number of pulses counted, is determined by the settings of Register 0x7B (TACH pulses per revolution register). This register contains two bits for each fan, allowing one, two (default), three, or four TACH pulses to be counted. When the ADT7475 starts up, TACH measurements are locked. In effect, an internal read of the low byte has been made for each TACH input. The net result of this is that all TACH readings are locked until the high byte is read from the corresponding TACH registers. All TACH related interrupts are also ignored until the appropriate high byte is read. FAN PULL-UP TYP <1kΩ OR TOTEM POLE The fan counter does not count the fan TACH output pulses directly, because the fan speed could be less than 1000 RPM and it would take several seconds to accumulate a reasonably large and accurate count. Instead, the period of the fan revolution is measured by gating an on-chip 90 kHz oscillator into the input of a 16bit counter for N periods of the fan TACH output (see Figure 40), so the accumulated count is actually proportional to the fan tachometer period and inversely proportional to the fan speed. Measuring fan TACH If the fan has a strong pull-up (less than 1 kΩ) to 12 V or a totem-pole output, then a series resistor can be added to limit the Zener current, as shown in Figure 38. 5V OR 12V Fan Speed Measurement 1 CHOOSE ZD1 VOLTAGE APPROXIMATELY 0.8 × V . CC CLOCK Figure 38. Fan with Strong TACH Pull-Up to > VCC or Totem-Pole Output, Clamped with Zener and Resistor PWM Alternatively, a resistive attenuator can be used, as shown in Figure 39. R1 and R2 should be chosen such that TACH 2 V < VPULL-UP × R2/(RPULL-UP + R1 + R2) < 3.6 V 1 3 The fan inputs can have an input resistance of 160 kΩ to 5.1 kΩ to ground, which should be taken into account when calculating resistor values. With a pull-up voltage of 12 V and pull-up resistor less than 1 kΩ, suitable values for R1 and R2 would be 100 kΩ and 33 kΩ, respectively. This gives a high input voltage of 2.95 V. VCC 12V 4 Figure 40. Fan Speed Measurement Fan Speed Measurement Registers The fan tachometer readings are 16-bit values consisting of a 2-byte read from the ADT7475. Register 0x28, TACH1 Low Byte = 0x00 default Register 0x29, TACH1 High Byte = 0x00 default Register 0x2A, TACH2 Low Byte = 0x00 default R11 TACH OUTPUT TACH R21 1 SEE TEXT. FAN SPEED COUNTER ADT7475 Register 0x2B, TACH2 High Byte = 0x00 default 05381-042 <1kΩ Figure 39. Fan with Strong TACH Pull-Up to > VCC or Totem-Pole Output, Attenuated with R1/R2 Register 0x2C, TACH3 Low Byte = 0x00 default Register 0x2D, TACH3 High Byte = 0x00 default Register 0x2E, TACH4 Low Byte = 0x00 default Register 0x2F, TACH4 High Byte = 0x00 default Rev. A | Page 28 of 68 05381-043 2 ADT7475 Reading Fan Speed from the ADT7475 Calculating Fan Speed The measurement of fan speeds involves a 2-register read for each measurement. The low byte should be read first. This causes the high byte to be frozen until both high and low byte registers have been read, preventing erroneous TACH readings. The fan tachometer reading registers report back the number of 11.11 µs period clocks (90 kHz oscillator) gated to the fan speed counter, from the rising edge of the first fan TACH pulse to the rising edge of the third fan TACH pulse (assuming two pulses per revolution are being counted). Because the device is essentially measuring the fan TACH period, the higher the count value, the slower the fan is actually running. A 16-bit fan tachometer reading of 0xFFFF indicates either that the fan has stalled or is running very slowly (<100 RPM). Assuming a fan with a two pulses per revolution (and two pulses per revolution being measured) fan speed is calculated by the following: Fan Speed (RPM) = (90,000 × 60)/Fan TACH Reading where Fan TACH Reading is the 16-bit fan tachometer reading. Example TACH1 High Byte (Register 0x29) = 0x17 TACH1 Low Byte (Register 0x28) = 0xFF What is Fan 1 speed in RPM? Fan 1 TACH Reading = 0x17FF = 6143 (decimal) High Limit > Comparison Performed RPM = (f × 60)/Fan 1 TACH Reading Because the actual fan TACH period is being measured, falling below a fan TACH limit by 1 sets the appropriate status bit and can be used to generate an SMBALERT. RPM = (90000 × 60)/6143 Fan Speed = 879 RPM Fan TACH Limit Registers Fan Pulses per Revolution The fan TACH limit registers are 16-bit values consisting of two bytes. Different fan models can output either 1, 2, 3, or 4 TACH pulses per revolution. Once the number of fan TACH pulses has been determined, it can be programmed into the fan pulses per revolution register (Register 0x7B) for each fan. Register 0x54, TACH1 Minimum Low Byte = 0xFF default Register 0x55, TACH1 Minimum High Byte = 0xFF default Alternatively, this register can be used to determine the number or pulses per revolution output by a given fan. By plotting fan speed measurements at 100% speed with different pulses per revolution setting, the smoothest graph with the lowest ripple determines the correct pulses per revolution value. Register 0x56, TACH2 Minimum Low Byte = 0xFF default Register 0x57, TACH2 Minimum High Byte = 0xFF default Register 0x58, TACH3 Minimum Low Byte = 0xFF default Register 0x59, TACH3 Minimum High Byte = 0xFF default Register 0x5A, TACH4 Minimum Low Byte = 0xFF default Fan Pulses per Revolution Register Register 0x5B, TACH4 Minimum High Byte = 0xFF default Bits [1:0] Fan 1 default = 2 pulses per revolution. Fan Speed Measurement Rate Bits [3:2] Fan 2 default = 2 pulses per revolution. The fan TACH readings are normally updated once every second. The FAST bit (Bit 3) of Configuration Register 3 (0x78), when set, updates the fan TACH readings every 250 ms. Bits [5:4] Fan 3 default = 2 pulses per revolution. Bits [7:6] Fan 4 default = 2 pulses per revolution. 00 = 1 pulse per revolution If any of the fans are not being driven by a PWM channel but are powered directly from 5 V or 12 V, their associated dc bit in Configuration Register 3 should be set. This allows TACH readings to be taken on a continuous basis for fans connected directly to a dc source. For optimal results, the associated dc bit should always be set when using 4-wire fans. Rev. A | Page 29 of 68 01 = 2 pulses per revolution 10 = 3 pulses per revolution 11 = 4 pulses per revolution ADT7475 Fan Spin-Up PWM2 Configuration Register (0x5D) The ADT7475 has a unique fan spin-up function. It spins the fan at 100% PWM duty cycle until two TACH pulses are detected on the TACH input. Once two TACH pulses have been detected, the PWM duty cycle goes to the expected running value, for example, 33%. The advantage is that fans have different spin-up characteristics and take different times to overcome inertia. The ADT7475 runs the fans just fast enough to overcome inertia and is quieter on spin-up than fans programmed to spin up for a given spin-up time. Bit 4 INV 0 = Logic high for 100% PWM duty cycle. 1 = Logic low for 100% PWM duty cycle. Fan Startup Timeout The PWM drive frequency can be adjusted for the application. Register 0x5F to Register 0x61 configure the PWM frequency for PWM1 to PWM3, respectively. In high frequency mode, the PWM drive frequency is always 22.5 kHz. To prevent the generation of false interrupts as a fan spins up (because it is below running speed), the ADT7475 includes a fan startup timeout function. During this time, the ADT7475 looks for two TACH pulses. If two TACH pulses are not detected, an interrupt is generated. Using Configuration Register 4 (0x40), Bit 5 (FSPDIS), this functionality can be changed (see the Disabling Fan Startup Timeout section). PWM1, PWM2, PWM3 Configuration Registers (0x5C, 0x5D, and 0x5E) PWM3 Configuration Register (0x5E) Bit 4 INV 0 = Logic high for 100% PWM duty cycle. 1 = Logic low for 100% PWM duty cycle. Low Frequency Mode PWM Drive Frequency High Frequency Mode PWM Drive Setting Bit 3 of Register 0x5F, Register 0x60, and Register 0x61 enables high frequency mode for Fan 1, Fan 2, and Fan 3, respectively. PWM Frequency Registers (0x5F to 0x61) Bits [2:0] SPIN, startup timeout for PWM1 = 0x5C, PWM2 = 0x5D, and PWM3 = 0x5E. Bits [2:0] FREQ 000 = 11.0 Hz 000 = No startup timeout 001 = 14.7 Hz 001 = 100 ms 010 = 22.1 Hz 010 = 250 ms default 011 = 29.4 Hz 011 = 400 ms 100 = 35.3 Hz default 100 = 667 ms 101 = 44.1 Hz 101 = 1 sec 110 = 58.8 Hz 110 = 2 sec 111 = 88.2 Hz Fan Speed Control 111 = 4 sec Disabling Fan Startup Timeout Although fan startup makes fan spin-ups much quieter than fixed-time spin-ups, the option exists to use fixed spin-up times. Setting Bit 5 (FSPDIS) to 1 in Configuration Register 1 (0x40) disables the spin-up for two TACH pulses. Instead, the fan spins up for the fixed time as selected in Register 0x5C to Register 0x5E. The ADT7475 controls fan speed using automatic mode and manual mode as follows: • In automatic fan speed control mode, fan speed is automatically varied with temperature and without CPU intervention, once initial parameters are set up. The advantage of this is, if the system hangs, the user is guaranteed the system is protected from overheating. For more information and how to program the automatic fan speed control loop, see the Programming the Automatic Fan Speed Control Loop section. • In manual fan speed control mode, the ADT7475 allows the duty cycle of any PWM output to be manually adjusted. This can be useful if the user wants to change fan speed at the software level or adjust PWM duty cycle output for test purposes. Bits [7:5] of Register 0x5C to Register 0x5E (PWM configuration) control the behavior of each PWM output. PWM Logic State The PWM outputs can be programmed high for 100% duty cycle (noninverted) or low for 100% duty cycle (inverted). PWM1 Configuration Register (0x5C) Bit 4 INV 0 = Logic high for 100% PWM duty cycle. 1 = Logic low for 100% PWM duty cycle. Rev. A | Page 30 of 68 ADT7475 PWM Configuration Registers (0x5C to 0x5E) When the VCCP voltage drops below the VCCP low limit, the following occurs: Bits [7:5] BHVR 111 = manual mode. Once under manual control, each PWM output can be manually updated by writing to Register 0x30 to Register 0x32 (PWMx current duty cycle registers). Programming the PWM Current Duty Cycle Registers The PWM current duty cycle registers are 8-bit registers, which allow the PWM duty cycle for each output to be set anywhere from 0% to 100% in steps of 0.39%. 1. Status Bit 1 (VCCP) in Status Register 1 is set. 2. SMBALERT is generated, if enabled. 3. THERM monitoring is disabled. The THERM timer should hold its value prior to the S3 or S5 state. Once the core voltage, VCCP, goes above the VCCP low limit, everything is re-enabled and the system resumes normal operation. XNOR TREE TEST MODE The value to be programmed into the PWMMIN register is given by The ADT7475 includes an XNOR tree test mode. This mode is useful for in-circuit test equipment at board-level testing. By applying stimulus to the pins included in the XNOR tree, it is possible to detect opens or shorts on the system board. Value (decimal) = PWMMIN/0.39 Example 1: For a PWM duty cycle of 50%, Figure 41 shows the signals that are exercised in the XNOR tree test mode. The XNOR tree test is invoked by setting Bit 0 (XEN) of the XNOR tree test enable register (0x6F). Value (decimal) = 50/0.39 = 128 (decimal) Value = 128 (decimal) or 0x80 (hex) Example 2: For a PWM duty cycle of 33%, TACH1 TACH2 Value (decimal) = 33/0.39 = 85 (decimal) Value = 85 (decimal) or 0x54 (hex) TACH3 PWM Current Duty Cycle Registers TACH4 Register 0x30, PWM1 Duty Cycle = 0x00 (0% default) Register 0x32, PWM3 Duty Cycle = 0x00 (0% default) PWM3 By reading the PWMx current duty cycle registers, the user can keep track of the current duty cycle on each PWM output, even when the fans are running in automatic fan speed control mode or acoustic enhancement mode. See the Programming the Automatic Fan Speed Control Loop section for details. OPERATING FROM 3.3 V STANDBY The ADT7475 has been specifically designed to operate from a 3.3 V STBY supply. In computers that support S3 and S5 states, the core voltage of the processor is lowered in these states. When monitoring THERM, the THERM timer should be disabled during these states. STANDBY MODE The ADT7475 has been specifically designed to respond to the STBY supply. In computers that support S3 and S5 states, the core voltage of the processor is lowered in these states. When monitoring THERM, the THERM timer should be disabled during these states. Rev. A | Page 31 of 68 PWM1/XTO Figure 41. XNOR Tree Test 05381-044 PWM2 Register 0x31, PWM2 Duty Cycle = 0x00 (0% default) ADT7475 POWER-ON DEFAULT ADT7475 IS POWERED UP When the ADT7475 is powered up, it polls the VCCP input. Y HAS THE ADT7475 BEEN ACCESSED BY A VALID SMBus TRANSACTION? If VCCP stays below 0.75 V (the system CPU power rail is not powered up), the ADT7475 assumes the functionality of the default registers after the ADT7475 is addressed via any valid SMBus transaction. N IS VCCP ABOVE 0.75V? N CHECK V CCP Y If VCC goes high (the system processor power rail is powered up), a fail-safe timer begins to count down. If the ADT7475 is not addressed by any valid SMBus transactions before the failsafe timeout (4.6 seconds) lapses, the ADT7475 drives the fans to full speed. If the ADT7475 is addressed by a valid SMBus transaction after this point, the fans stop, and the ADT7475 assumes its default settings and begins normal operation. START FAIL-SAFE TIMER HAS THE ADT7475 BEEN ACCESSED BY A VALID SMBus TRANSACTION? N FAIL-SAFE TIMER ELAPSES AFTER THE FAIL-SAFE TIMEOUT HAS THE ADT7475 BEEN ACCESSED BY A VALID SMBus TRANSACTION? N RUNS THE FANS TO FULL SPEED Y HAS THE ADT7475 BEEN ACCESSED BY A VALID SMBus TRANSACTION? N If VCCP goes high (the system processor power rail is powered up), then a fail-safe timer begins to count down. If the ADT7475 is addressed by a valid SMBus transaction before the fail-safe timeout (4.6 seconds) lapses, then the ADT7475 operates normally, assuming the functionality of all the default registers. See the flow chart in Figure 42. Y START UP THE ADT7475 NORMALLY SWITCH OFF FANS 05381-045 Y Figure 42. Rev. A | Page 32 of 68 ADT7475 PROGRAMMING THE AUTOMATIC FAN SPEED CONTROL LOOP This section provides the system designer with an understanding of the automatic fan control loop, and provides step-by-step guidance on effectively evaluating and selecting critical system parameters. To optimize the system characteristics, the designer needs to give some thought to system configuration, including the number of fans, where they are located, and what temperatures are being measured in the particular system. The mechanical or thermal engineer who is tasked with the system thermal characterization should also be involved at the beginning of this process. AUTOMATIC FAN CONTROL OVERVIEW The ADT7475 can automatically control the speed of fans based upon the measured temperature. This is done independently of CPU intervention once initial parameters are set up. The ADT7475 has a local temperature sensor and two remote temperature channels that can be connected to a CPU on-chip thermal diode (available on Intel Pentium® class and other CPUs). These three temperature channels can be used as the basis for automatic fan speed control to drive fans using pulsewidth modulation (PWM). Automatic fan speed control reduces acoustic noise by optimizing fan speed according to accurately measured temperature. Reducing fan speed can also decrease system current consumption. THERMAL CALIBRATION The automatic fan speed control mode is very flexible owing to the number of programmable parameters, including TMIN and TRANGE. The TMIN and TRANGE values for a temperature channel, and, therefore, for a given fan are critical because they define the thermal characteristics of the system. The thermal validation of the system is one of the most important steps in the design process, so select these values carefully. Figure 43 gives a top-level overview of the automatic fan control circuitry on the ADT7475. From a systems-level perspective, up to three system temperatures can be monitored and used to control three PWM outputs. The three PWM outputs can be used to control up to four fans. The ADT7475 allows the speed of four fans to be monitored. Each temperature channel has a thermal calibration block, allowing the designer to individually configure the thermal characteristics of each temperature channel. For example, one can decide to run the CPU fan when CPU temperature increases above 60°C and a chassis fan when the local temperature increases above 45°C. At this stage, the designer has not assigned these thermal calibration settings to a particular fan drive (PWM) channel. The right side of Figure 43 shows controls that are fan-specific. The designer has individual control over parameters such as minimum PWM duty cycle, fan speed failure thresholds, and even ramp control of the PWM outputs. Automatic fan control, then, ultimately allows graceful fan speed changes that are less perceptible to the system user. PWM MIN 100% PWM CONFIG PWM GENERATOR REMOTE 1 TEMP TMIN TRANGE THERMAL CALIBRATION 0% PWM MIN 100% TACHOMETER 1 MEASUREMENT PWM CONFIG PWM GENERATOR MUX LOCAL TEMP TMIN TRANGE THERMAL CALIBRATION 100% PWM CONFIG PWM GENERATOR REMOTE 2 TEMP TMIN TRANGE TACHOMETER 3 AND 4 MEASUREMENT 0% Figure 43. Automatic Fan Control Block Diagram Rev. A | Page 33 of 68 PWM1 TACH1 RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) TACHOMETER 2 MEASUREMENT 0% PWM MIN RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) PWM2 TACH2 RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) PWM3 TACH3 05381-046 To more efficiently understand the automatic fan speed control loop, it is strongly recommended to use the ADT7475 evaluation board and software while reading this section. ADT7475 STEP 1: HARDWARE CONFIGURATION During system design, the motherboard sensing and control capabilities should be addressed early in the design stages. Decisions about how these capabilities are used should involve the system thermal/mechanical engineer. Ask the following questions: How many fans will be supported in the system, three or four? This influences the choice of whether to use the TACH4 pin or to reconfigure it for the THERM function. 3. Is the CPU fan to be controlled using the ADT7475 or will it run at full speed 100% of the time? If run at 100%, this frees up a PWM output, but the system is louder. What ADT7475 functionality will be used? • PWM2 or SMBALERT? • TACH4 fan speed measurement or overtemperature THERM function? 4. Where will the ADT7475 be physically located in the system? This influences the assignment of the temperature measurement channels to particular system thermal zones. For example, locating the ADT7475 close to the VRM controller circuitry allows the VRM temperature to be monitored using the local temperature channel. The ADT7475 offers multifunctional pins that can be reconfigured to suit different system requirements and physical layouts. These multifunction pins are software programmable. THERMAL CALIBRATION PWM MIN 100% PWM CONFIG PWM GENERATOR TMIN REMOTE 1 = AMBIENT TEMP TRANGE THERMAL CALIBRATION 0% PWM MIN 100% TMIN LOCAL = VRM TEMP TRANGE THERMAL CALIBRATION 0% PWM MIN 100% TACHOMETER 1 MEASUREMENT PWM CONFIG PWM GENERATOR MUX PWM CONFIG TRANGE 0% TACHOMETER 3 AND 4 MEASUREMENT REMOTE 2 = CPU TEMP PWM1 TACH1 CPU FAN SINK RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) TACHOMETER 2 MEASUREMENT PWM GENERATOR TMIN RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) PWM2 TACH2 RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) FRONT CHASSIS PWM3 TACH3 REAR CHASSIS Figure 44. Hardware Configuration Example Rev. A | Page 34 of 68 05381-047 1. 2. ADT7475 Recommended Implementation 1 • Configuring the ADT7475 as in Figure 45 provides the system designer with the following features: CPU temperature measured using the Remote 1 temperature channel. • Ambient temperature measured through the Remote 2 temperature channel. • Bidirectional THERM pin allows the monitoring of PROCHOT output from an Intel Pentium 4 processor, for example, or can be used as an overtemperature THERM output. • SMBALERT system interrupt output. Two PWM outputs for fan control of up to three fans. (The front and rear chassis fans are connected in parallel.) • Three TACH fan speed measurement inputs. • VCC measured internally through Pin 4. • CPU core voltage measurement (VCORE). • VRM temperature using local temperature sensor. ADT7475 FRONT CHASSIS FAN TACH2 PWM1 TACH1 CPU FAN PWM3 REAR CHASSIS FAN D2+ TACH3 D2– THERM PROCHOT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE D1+ CPU SDA SCL D1– SMBALERT GND ICH Figure 45. Recommended Implementation 1 Rev. A | Page 35 of 68 05381-048 • ADT7475 Recommended Implementation 2 • Configuring the ADT7475 as in Figure 46 provides the system designer with the following features: CPU temperature measured using the Remote 1 temperature channel. • Ambient temperature measured through the Remote 2 temperature channel. • Bidirectional THERM pin allows the monitoring of PROCHOT output from an Intel Pentium 4 processor, for example, or can be used as an overtemperature THERM output. Three PWM outputs for fan control of up to three fans. (All three fans can be individually controlled.) • Three TACH fan speed measurement inputs. • VCC measured internally through Pin 4. • CPU core voltage measurement (VCORE). ADT7475 FRONT CHASSIS FAN TACH2 PWM1 TACH1 CPU FAN PWM3 REAR CHASSIS FAN D2+ TACH3 D2– THERM PROCHOT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE CPU SDA D1+ SCL D1– GND Figure 46. Recommended Implementation 2 Rev. A | Page 36 of 68 ICH 05381-049 • ADT7475 STEP 2: CONFIGURING THE MUX 010 = Remote 2 temperature controls PWMx After the system hardware configuration is determined, the fans can be assigned to particular temperature channels. Not only can fans be assigned to individual channels, but the behavior of the fans is also configurable. For example, fans can be run under automatic fan control, manually under software control, or at the fastest speed calculated by multiple temperature channels. The mux is the bridge between temperature measurement channels and the three PWM outputs. 101 = Fastest speed calculated by local and Remote 2 temperature controls PWMx 110 = Fastest speed calculated by all three temperature channel controls PWMx The Fastest Speed Calculated options pertain to controlling one PWM output based on multiple temperature channels. The thermal characteristics of the three temperature zones can be set to drive a single fan. An example would be the fan turning on when Remote 1 temperature exceeds 60°C, or if the local temperature exceeds 45°C. Bits [7:5] (BHVR) of Register 0x5C, Register 0x5D, and Register 0x5E (PWM configuration registers) control the behavior of the fans connected to the PWM1, PWM2, and PWM3 outputs. The values selected for these bits determine how the mux connects a temperature measurement channel to a PWM output. Other Mux Options Bits [7:5] (BHVR), Register 0x5C, Register 0x5D, and Register 0x5E. Automatic Fan Control Mux Options 011 = PWMx runs full speed Bits [7:5] (BHVR), Register 0x5C, Register 0x5D, and Register 0x5E. 100 = PWMx disabled (default) 111 = manual mode. PWMx is running under software control. In this mode, PWM duty cycle registers (0x30 to 0x32) are writable and control the PWM outputs. 000 = Remote 1 temperature controls PWMx 001 = local temperature controls PWMx MUX PWM MIN 100% PWM CONFIG PWM GENERATOR TMIN REMOTE 1 = AMBIENT TEMP TRANGE THERMAL CALIBRATION 0% PWM MIN 100% TMIN LOCAL = VRM TEMP TRANGE THERMAL CALIBRATION 0% PWM MIN 100% TACHOMETER 1 MEASUREMENT PWM CONFIG PWM GENERATOR MUX PWM CONFIG TRANGE 0% PWM1 TACH1 CPU FAN SINK RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) TACHOMETER 2 MEASUREMENT PWM GENERATOR TMIN RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) PWM2 TACH2 RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) TACHOMETER 3 AND 4 MEASUREMENT REMOTE 2 = CPU TEMP FRONT CHASSIS PWM3 TACH3 REAR CHASSIS Figure 47. Assigning Temperature Channels to Fan Channels Rev. A | Page 37 of 68 05381-050 THERMAL CALIBRATION ADT7475 Mux Configuration Example Example Mux Settings This is an example of how to configure the mux in a system using the ADT7475 to control three fans. The CPU fan sink is controlled by PWM1, the front chassis fan is controlled by PWM2, and the rear chassis fan is controlled by PWM3. The mux is configured for the following fan control behavior: Bits [7:5] (BHVR), PWM1 Configuration Register (0x5C). • 101 = Fastest speed calculated by local and Remote 2 temperature controls PWM1 Bits [7:5] (BHVR), PWM2 Configuration Register (0x5D). 000 = Remote 1 temperature controls PWM2 PWM1 (CPU fan sink) is controlled by the fastest speed calculated by the local (VRM temperature) and Remote 2 (processor) temperatures. In this case, the CPU fan sink is also being used to cool the VRM. Bits [7:5] (BHVR), PWM3 Configuration Register (0x5E). • PWM2 (front chassis fan) is controlled by the Remote 1 temperature (ambient). These settings configure the mux, as shown in Figure 48. • PWM3 (rear chassis fan) is controlled by the Remote 1 temperature (ambient). PWM MIN 100% PWM CONFIG PWM GENERATOR TMIN REMOTE 2 = CPU TEMP TRANGE THERMAL CALIBRATION 0% MUX 100% PWM MIN TACHOMETER 1 MEASUREMENT PWM CONFIG PWM GENERATOR TMIN LOCAL = VRM TEMP TRANGE THERMAL CALIBRATION 0% PWM MIN 100% PWM CONFIG TRANGE 0% TACHOMETER 3 AND 4 MEASUREMENT PWM1 TACH1 CPU FAN SINK RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) TACHOMETER 2 MEASUREMENT PWM GENERATOR TMIN RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) PWM2 TACH2 RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) FRONT CHASSIS PWM3 TACH3 REMOTE 1 = AMBIENT TEMP REAR CHASSIS Figure 48. Mux Configuration Example Rev. A | Page 38 of 68 05381-051 THERMAL CALIBRATION 000 = Remote 1 temperature controls PWM3 ADT7475 TMIN Registers STEP 3: TMIN SETTINGS FOR THERMAL CALIBRATION CHANNELS Register 0x67, Remote 1 Temperature TMIN = 0x9A (90°C) TMIN is the temperature at which the fans start to turn on under automatic fan control. The speed at which the fan runs at TMIN is programmed later in the process. The TMIN values chosen are temperature channel specific, for example, 25°C for ambient channel, 30°C for VRM temperature, and 40°C for processor temperature. Register 0x68, Local Temperature TMIN = 0x9A (90°C) Register 0x69, Remote 2 Temperature TMIN = 0x9A (90°C) Enhance Acoustics Register 1 (0x62) Bit 7 (MIN3) = 0, PWM3 is off (0% PWM duty cycle) when temperature is below TMIN − THYST. TMIN is an 8-bit value, either twos complement or Offset 64, that can be programmed in 1°C increments. There is a TMIN register associated with each temperature measurement channel: Remote 1, local, and Remote 2 temperatures. Once the TMIN value is exceeded, the fan turns on and runs at the minimum PWM duty cycle. The fan turns off once the temperature has dropped below TMIN − THYST. Bit 7 (MIN3) = 1, PWM3 runs at PWM3 minimum duty cycle below TMIN − THYST. Bit 6 (MIN2) = 0, PWM2 is off (0% PWM duty cycle) when temperature is below TMIN − THYST. Bit 6 (MIN2) = 1, PWM2 runs at PWM2 minimum duty cycle below TMIN − THYST. To overcome fan inertia, the fan is spun up until two valid TACH rising edges are counted. See the Fan Startup Timeout section for more details. In some cases, primarily for psychoacoustic reasons, it is desirable that the fan never switch off below TMIN. Bits [7:5] of Enhance Acoustics Register 1 (0x62), when set, keep the fans running at the PWM minimum duty cycle, if the temperature should fall below TMIN. Bit 5 (MIN1) = 0, PWM1 is off (0% PWM duty cycle) when temperature is below TMIN − THYST. Bit 5 (MIN1) = 1, PWM1 runs at PWM1 minimum duty cycle below TMIN − THYST. PWM DUTY CYCLE 100% 0% TMIN PWM MIN 100% PWM CONFIG PWM GENERATOR TMIN REMOTE 2 = CPU TEMP TRANGE THERMAL CALIBRATION 0% PWM MIN 100% TMIN LOCAL = VRM TEMP TRANGE THERMAL CALIBRATION 0% PWM MIN 100% TACHOMETER 1 MEASUREMENT PWM CONFIG PWM GENERATOR MUX PWM CONFIG TRANGE 0% TACHOMETER 3 AND 4 MEASUREMENT PWM1 TACH1 CPU FAN SINK RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) TACHOMETER 2 MEASUREMENT PWM GENERATOR TMIN RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) PWM2 TACH2 RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) FRONT CHASSIS PWM3 TACH3 REMOTE 1 = AMBIENT TEMP REAR CHASSIS Figure 49. Understanding the TMIN Parameter Rev. A | Page 39 of 68 05381-052 THERMAL CALIBRATION ADT7475 STEP 4: PWMMIN FOR EACH PWM (FAN) OUTPUT Programming the PWMMIN Registers PWMMIN is the minimum PWM duty cycle at which each fan in the system runs. It is also the start speed for each fan under automatic fan control once the temperature rises above TMIN. For maximum system acoustic benefit, PWMMIN should be as low as possible. Depending on the fan used, the PWMMIN setting is usually in the 20% to 33% duty cycle range. This value can be found through fan validation. The PWMMIN registers are 8-bit registers that allow the minimum PWM duty cycle for each output to be configured anywhere from 0% to 100%. This allows the minimum PWM duty cycle to be set in steps of 0.39%. The value to be programmed into the PWMMIN register is given by Value (decimal) = PWMMIN/0.39 PWM DUTY CYCLE 100% Example 1: For a minimum PWM duty cycle of 50%, Value (decimal) = 50/0.39 = 128 (decimal) Value = 128 (decimal) or 80 (hex) Example 2: For a minimum PWM duty cycle of 33%, PWMMIN Value (decimal) = 33/0.39 = 85 (decimal) Value = 85 (decimal) or 54 (hex) TMIN TEMPERATURE 05381-055 0% PWMMIN Registers Figure 50. PWMMIN Determines Minimum PWM Duty Cycle More than one PWM output can be controlled from a single temperature measurement channel. For example, Remote 1 temperature can control PWM1 and PWM2 outputs. If two different fans are used on PWM1 and PWM2, the fan characteristics can be set up differently. As a result, Fan 1 driven by PWM1 can have a different PWMMIN value than that of Fan 2 connected to PWM2. Figure 51 illustrates this as PWM1MIN (front fan) turns on at a minimum duty cycle of 20%, while PWM2MIN (rear fan) turns on at a minimum of 40% duty cycle. Note: Both fans turn on at exactly the same temperature, defined by TMIN. PWM DUTY CYCLE 100% M2 PW PW PWM2MIN Register 0x64, PWM1 Minimum Duty Cycle = 0x80 (50% default) Register 0x65, PWM2 Minimum Duty Cycle = 0x80 (50% default) Register 0x66, PWM3 Minimum Duty Cycle = 0x80 (50% default) Note on Fan Speed and PWM Duty Cycle The PWM duty cycle does not directly correlate to fan speed in RPM. Running a fan at 33% PWM duty cycle does not equate to running the fan at 33% speed. Driving a fan at 33% PWM duty cycle actually runs the fan at closer to 50% of its full speed. This is because fan speed in %RPM generally relates to the square root of PWM duty cycle. Given a PWM square wave as the drive signal, fan speed in RPM approximates to % fanspeed = PWM duty cycle × 10 M1 STEP 5: PWMMAX FOR PWM (FAN) OUTPUTS PWM1MIN TMIN TEMPERATURE 05381-056 0% Figure 51. Operating Two Different Fans from a Single Temperature Channel PWMMAX is the maximum duty cycle that each fan in the system runs at under the automatic fan speed control loop. For maximum system acoustic benefit, PWMMAX should be as low as possible, but should be capable of maintaining the processor temperature limit at an acceptable level. If the THERM temperature limit is exceeded, the fans are still boosted to 100% for fail-safe cooling. There is a PWMMAX limit for each fan channel. The default value of all PWMMAX registers is 0xFF. Rev. A | Page 40 of 68 ADT7475 STEP 6: TRANGE FOR TEMPERATURE CHANNELS TRANGE is the range of temperature over which automatic fan control occurs once the programmed TMIN temperature has been exceeded. TRANGE is the temperature range between PWMMIN and 100% PWM where the fan speed changes linearly. Otherwise stated, it is the line drawn between the TMIN/PWMMIN and the (TMIN + TRANGE)/PWM 100% intersection points. PWMMAX PWMMIN 0% TEMPERATURE 100% PWM DUTY CYCLE Figure 52. PWMMAX Determines Maximum PWM Duty Cycle Below the THERM Temperature Limit Programming the PWMMAX Registers The PWMMAX registers are 8-bit registers that allow the maximum PWM duty cycle for each output to be configured anywhere from 0% to 100%. This allows the maximum PWM duty cycle to be set in steps of 0.39%. PWMMIN 0% TMIN The value to be programmed into the PWMMAX register is given by Value (decimal) = PWMMAX/0.39 Example 1: For a maximum PWM duty cycle of 50%, Value (decimal) − 50/0.39 = 128 (decimal) Value = 128 (decimal) or 80 (hex) The TRANGE is determined by the following procedure: 1. Determine the maximum operating temperature for that channel (for example, 70°C). 2. Determine, experimentally, the fan speed (PWM duty cycle value) that does not exceed the temperature at the worstcase operating points. (For example, 70°C is reached when the fans are running at 50% PWM duty cycle.) 3. Determine the slope of the required control loop to meet these requirements. 4. Using the ADT7475 evaluation software, you can graphically program and visualize this functionality. Ask your local Analog Devices representative for details. PWMMAX Registers Register 0x38, PWM1 Maximum Duty Cycle = 0xFF (100% default) Register 0x39, PWM2 Maximum Duty Cycle = 0xFF (100% default) TEMPERATURE Figure 53. TRANGE Parameter Affects Cooling Slope Example 2: For a minimum PWM duty cycle of 75%, Value (decimal) = 75/0.39 = 85 (decimal) Value = 192 (decimal) or C0 (hex) 05381-058 TMIN 05381-057 TRANGE As PWMMIN is changed, the automatic fan control slope also changes. Register 0x3A, PWM3 Maximum Duty Cycle = 0xFF (100% default) PWM DUTY CYCLE 100% 50% 33% 0% 30°C TMIN 05381-059 PWM DUTY CYCLE 100% Figure 54. Adjusting PWMMIN Changes the Automatic Fan Control Slope Rev. A | Page 41 of 68 ADT7475 As TRANGE is changed, the slope also changes. As TRANGE gets smaller, the fans reach 100% speed with a smaller temperature change. Table 13. Selecting a TRANGE Value Bits [7:4]1 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 PWM DUTY CYCLE 100% 10% 0% 30°C 40°C 45°C 54°C TMIN 05381-060 TMIN – HYST Figure 55. Increasing TRANGE Changes the AFC Slope 1 PWM DUTY CYCLE 100% TRANGE (°C) 2 2.5 3.33 4 5 6.67 8 10 13.33 16 20 26.67 32 (default) 40 53.33 80 Register 0x5F configures Remote 1 TRANGE; Register 0x60 configures Local TRANGE; Register 0x61 configures Remote 2 TRANGE. Actual Changes in PWM Output (Advanced Acoustics Settings) MAX PWM 10% TRANGE TMIN – HYST 05381-061 0% Figure 56. Changing PWMMAX Does Not Change the AFC Slope Selecting TRANGE The TRANGE value can be selected for each temperature channel: Remote 1, local, and Remote 2 temperatures. Bits [7:4] (RANGE) of Register 0x5F to Register 0x61 define the TRANGE value for each temperature channel. While the automatic fan control algorithm describes the general response of the PWM output, the enhance acoustics registers (0x62 and 0x63) can be used to set/clamp the maximum rate of change of PWM output for a given temperature zone. This means if TRANGE is programmed with a steep AFC slope, a relatively small change in temperature can cause a large change in PWM output and an audible change in fan speed, which may be noticeable/ annoying to end users. Decreasing the PWM output’s maximum rate of change, by programming the smoothing on the appropriate temperature channels (Register 0x62 and Register 0x63), clamps the fan speed’s maximum rate of change in the event of a temperature spike. Slowly the PWM duty cycle increases, until the PWM duty cycle reaches the appropriate duty cycle as defined by the AFC curve. Figure 57 shows PWM duty cycle versus temperature for each TRANGE setting. The lower graph shows how each TRANGE setting affects fan speed vs. temperature. As can be seen from the graph, the effect on fan speed is nonlinear. Rev. A | Page 42 of 68 ADT7475 100 2.5°C 90 PWM DUTY CYCLE (%) 6.67°C 8°C 10°C 50 13.3°C 16°C 40 20°C 30 26.6°C 20 10 3.33°C 4°C 5°C 70 6.67°C 8°C 60 10°C 50 13.3°C 16°C 40 20°C 30 32°C 20 40°C 10 26.6°C 32°C 40°C 53.3°C 53.3°C 20 40 60 80 TEMPERATURE ABOVE TMIN 100 120 0 0 80°C 20 2°C 90 4°C 80 FAN SPEED (% OF MAX) 5°C 70 6.67°C 8°C 60 10°C 50 13.3°C 16°C 40 20°C 30 26.6°C 32°C 20 120 80°C 5°C 70 6.67°C 60 8°C 10°C 50 13.3°C 16°C 40 20°C 30 0 0 (B) 26.6°C 32°C 40°C 53.3°C 20 40 60 80 TEMPERATURE ABOVE TMIN 100 120 80°C (B) Figure 57. TRANGE vs. Actual Fan Speed (not PWM Drive) Profile Figure 58. TRANGE and % Fan Speed Slopes with PWMMIN = 20% The graphs in Figure 57 assume the fan starts from 0% PWM duty cycle. Clearly, the minimum PWM duty cycle, PWMMIN, needs to be factored in to see how the loop actually performs in the system. Figure 58 shows how TRANGE is affected when the PWMMIN value is set to 20%. It can be seen that the fan actually runs at about 45% fan speed when the temperature exceeds TMIN. Example: Determining TRANGE for Each Temperature Channel The following example shows how the different TMIN and TRANGE settings can be applied to three different thermal zones. In this example, the following TRANGE values apply: TRANGE = 80°C for ambient temperature TRANGE = 53.33°C for CPU temperature TRANGE = 40°C for VRM temperature 4°C 10 53.3°C 100 3.33°C 20 40°C 10 2.5°C 80 05381-062 FAN SPEED (% OF MAX) 80°C 2°C 90 3.33°C 40 60 80 TEMPERATURE ABOVE TMIN 120 100 2.5°C 20 100 (A) (A) 100 0 0 40 60 80 TEMPERATURE ABOVE TMIN 05381-063 PWM DUTY CYCLE (%) 5°C 60 2.5°C 80 4°C 70 2°C 90 3.33°C 80 0 0 100 2°C This example uses the mux configuration described in Step 2: Configuring the Mux, with the ADT7475 connected as shown in Figure 48. Both CPU temperature and VRM temperature drive the CPU fan connected to PWM1. Ambient temperature drives the front chassis fan and rear chassis fan connected to PWM2 and PWM3. The front chassis fan is configured to run at PWMMIN = 20%. The rear chassis fan is configured to run at PWMMIN = 30%. The CPU fan is configured to run at PWMMIN = 10%. Note: The control range for 4-wire fans is much wider than that for 3-wire fans. In many cases, 4-wire fans can start with a PWM drive of as little as 20% or less. In extreme cases, some 3-wire fans do not run unless a PWM drive of 60% or more is applied. Rev. A | Page 43 of 68 ADT7475 100 The TTHERM limit should be considered the maximum worst-case VRM TEMPERATURE 90 operating temperature of the system. Because exceeding any TTHERM limit runs all fans at 100%, it has very negative acoustic PWM DUTY CYCLE (%) 80 70 effects. Ultimately, this limit should be set up as a fail-safe, and one should ensure that it is not exceeded under normal system operating conditions. CPU TEMPERATURE 60 50 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE 40 Note: TTHERM limits are nonmaskable and affect the fan speed no 30 matter how automatic fan control settings are configured. This allows some flexibility, because a TRANGE value can be selected based on its slope, while a hard limit (such as 70°C) can be programmed as TMAX (the temperature at which the fan reaches full speed) by setting TTHERM to that limit (for example, 70°C). 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 TEMPERATURE ABOVE TMIN 100 THERM Registers VRM TEMPERATURE 90 Register 0x6A, Remote 1 THERM Temperature Limit = 0x64 (100°C default) FAN SPEED (% MAX RPM) 80 70 CPU TEMPERATURE 60 Register 0x6B, Local THERM Temperature Limit = 0x64 (100°C default) AMBIENT TEMPERATURE 50 Register 0x6C, Remote 2 THERM Temperature Limit = 0x64 (100°C default) 40 30 20 THERM Hysteresis 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 TEMPERATURE ABOVE TMIN 05381-064 10 Figure 59. TRANGE and % Fan Speed Slopes for VRM, Ambient, and CPU Temperature Channels Hysteresis Registers STEP 7: TTHERM FOR TEMPERATURE CHANNELS Register 0x6D, Remote 1 and Local Temperature/TMIN Hysteresis Register TTHERM is the absolute maximum temperature allowed on a temperature channel. Above this temperature, a component such as the CPU or VRM might be operating beyond its safe operating limit. When the temperature measured exceeds TTHERM, all fans drive at 100% PWM duty cycle (full speed) to provide critical system cooling. Bits [7:4] (HYSR1), Remote 1 temperature hysteresis (4°C default). Bits [3:0] (HYSL), local temperature hysteresis (4°C default). Register 0x6E, Remote 2 Temperature TMIN Hysteresis Register The fans remain running at 100% until the temperature drops below TTHERM −hysteresis, where hysteresis is the number programmed into the hysteresis registers (0x6D and 0x6E). The default hysteresis value is 4°C. THERM hysteresis on a particular channel is configured via the hysteresis settings below (Register 0x6D and Register 0x6E). For example, setting hysteresis on the Remote 1 channel also sets the hysteresis on Remote 1 THERM. Bits [7:4] (HYSR2), Remote 2 temperature hysteresis (4°C default). Because each hysteresis setting is four bits, hysteresis values are programmable from 1°C to 15°C. It is not recommended that hysteresis values ever be programmed to 0°C, because this disables hysteresis. In effect, this causes the fans to cycle (during a THERM event) between normal speed and 100% speed, or, while operating close to TMIN, between normal speed and off, creating unsettling acoustic noise. Rev. A | Page 44 of 68 ADT7475 TRANGE PWM DUTY CYCLE 100% 0% TTHERM THERMAL CALIBRATION PWM MIN 100% PWM CONFIG PWM GENERATOR TMIN REMOTE 2 = CPU TEMP TRANGE THERMAL CALIBRATION 0% PWM MIN 100% TMIN LOCAL = VRM TEMP TRANGE THERMAL CALIBRATION 0% PWM MIN 100% TACHOMETER 1 MEASUREMENT PWM CONFIG PWM GENERATOR MUX PWM CONFIG TRANGE CPU FAN SINK RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) PWM2 TACH2 RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) TACHOMETER 3 AND 4 MEASUREMENT 0% PWM1 TACH1 TACHOMETER 2 MEASUREMENT PWM GENERATOR TMIN RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) FRONT CHASSIS PWM3 TACH3 REMOTE 1 = AMBIENT TEMP REAR CHASSIS 05381-065 TMIN Figure 60. How TTHERM Relates to Automatic Fan Control STEP 8: THYST FOR TEMPERATURE CHANNELS THYST is the amount of extra cooling a fan provides after the temperature measured has dropped back below TMIN before the fan turns off. The premise for temperature hysteresis (THYST) is that, without it, the fan would merely chatter, or cycle on and off regularly, whenever the temperature is hovering at about the TMIN setting. The THYST value chosen determines the amount of time needed for the system to cool down or heat up as the fan is turning on and off. Values of hysteresis are programmable in the range 1°C to 15°C. Larger values of THYST prevent the fans from chattering on and off. The THYST default value is set at 4°C. In some applications, it is required that fans not turn off below TMIN, but remain running at PWMMIN. Bits [7:5] of Enhance Acoustics Register 1 (0x62) allow the fans to be turned off or to be kept spinning below TMIN. If the fans are always on, the THYST value has no effect on the fan when the temperature drops below TMIN. THERM Hysteresis Any hysteresis programmed via Register 0x6D and Register 0x6E also applies to hysteresis on the appropriate THERM channel. The THYST setting applies not only to the temperature hysteresis for fan on/off, but the same setting is used for the TTHERM hysteresis value, described in Step 6: TRANGE for Temperature Channels. Therefore, programming Register 0x6D and Register 0x6E sets the hysteresis for both fan on/off and the THERM function. Rev. A | Page 45 of 68 ADT7475 TRANGE PWM DUTY CYCLE 100% 0% TTHERM THERMAL CALIBRATION PWM MIN 100% PWM CONFIG PWM GENERATOR TMIN REMOTE 2 = CPU TEMP TRANGE THERMAL CALIBRATION 0% PWM MIN 100% TMIN LOCAL = VRM TEMP TRANGE THERMAL CALIBRATION 0% PWM MIN 100% TACHOMETER 1 MEASUREMENT PWM CONFIG PWM GENERATOR MUX PWM CONFIG TRANGE CPU FAN SINK RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) PWM2 TACH2 RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) TACHOMETER 3 AND 4 MEASUREMENT 0% PWM1 TACH1 TACHOMETER 2 MEASUREMENT PWM GENERATOR TMIN RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) FRONT CHASSIS PWM3 TACH3 REMOTE 1 = AMBIENT TEMP REAR CHASSIS 05381-066 TMIN Figure 61. The THYST Value Applies to Fan On/Off Hysteresis and THERM Hysteresis Enhance Acoustics Register 1 (0x62) Bit 1 (SLOW), 1 slows the ramp rate for PWM changes associated with the Local temperature channel by 4. Bit 7 (MIN3) = 0, PWM3 is off (0% PWM duty cycle) when temperature is below TMIN − THYST. Bit 7 (MIN3) = 1, PWM3 runs at PWM3 minimum duty cycle below TMIN − THYST. Bit 6 (MIN2) = 0, PWM2 is off (0% PWM duty cycle) when temperature is below TMIN − THYST. Bit 6 (MIN2) = 1, PWM2 runs at PWM2 minimum duty cycle below TMIN − THYST. Bit 2 (SLOW), 1 slows the ramp rate for PWM changes associated with the Remote 2 temperature channel by 4. Bit 7 (ExtraSlow), 1 slows the ramp rate for all fans by a factor of 39.2%. The following sections list the ramp-up times when the SLOW bit is set for each temperature monitoring channel. Enhanced Acoustics Register 1 (0x62) Bits [2:0] (ACOU1), selects the ramp rate for PWM outputs associated with the Remote 1 temperature input. Bit 5 (MIN1) = 0, PWM1 is off (0% PWM duty cycle) when temperature is below TMIN − THYST. Bit 5 (MIN1) = 1, PWM1 runs at PWM1 minimum duty cycle below TMIN − THYST. Configuration Register 6 (0x10) Bit 0 (SLOW), 1 slows the ramp rate for PWM changes associated with the Remote 1 temperature channel by 4. Configuration Register 6 (0x10) Rev. A | Page 46 of 68 000 = 37.5 sec 001 = 18.8 sec 010 = 12.5 sec 011 = 7.5 sec 100 = 4.7 sec 101 = 3.1 sec 110 = 1.6 sec 111 = 0.8 sec ADT7475 Enhance Acoustics Register 2 (0x63) Bits [2:0] (ACOU3), selects the ramp rate for PWM outputs associated with the local temperature channel. 000 = 37.5 sec 001 = 18.8 sec 010 = 12.5 sec 011 = 7.5 sec 100 = 4.7 sec 101 = 3.1 sec 110 = 1.6 sec 111 = 0.8 sec Bits [6:4] (ACOU2), selects the ramp rate for PWM outputs associated with the Remote 2 temperature input. When Bit 7 of Configuration Register 6 (0x10) = 1, then the ramp rates change to the values below. 000 = 52.2 sec 001 = 26.1 sec 010 = 17.4 sec 011 = 10.4 sec 100 = 6.5 sec 101 = 4.4 sec 110 = 2.2 sec 111 = 1.1 sec Setting the appropriate SLOW bits [2:0] of Configuration Register 6 (0x10) slows the ramp rate further by a factor of 4. 000 = 37.5 sec 001 = 18.8 sec 010 = 12.5 sec 011 = 7.5 sec 100 = 4.7 sec 101 = 3.1 sec 110 = 1.6 sec 111 = 0.8 sec Rev. A | Page 47 of 68 ADT7475 REGISTER TABLES Table 14. ADT7475 Registers Address R/W Description Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Default 0x10 R/W Configuration Register 6 ExtraSlow VccpLow RES RES THERM SLOW Remote 2 SLOW Local SLOW Remote 1 0x00 RES RES DisTHERMHys 0x00 0x11 R Configuration Register 7 RES RES RES RES in Manual RES 0x21 0x22 0x25 R R R 9 9 9 8 8 8 7 7 7 6 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 0x00 0x00 0x80 0x26 R 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 0x80 0x27 R 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 0x80 0x28 R 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x00 0x29 R 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 0x00 0x2A R 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x00 0x2B R 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 0x00 0x2C R 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x00 0x2D R 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 0x00 0x2E R 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x00 0x2F R 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 0x00 0x30 R/W 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x00 0x31 R/W 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x00 0x32 R/W 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x00 0x38 R/W 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0xFF 0x39 R/W 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0xFF 0x3A R/W 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0xFF 0x3D R 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x75 0x3E R 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x41 0x40 R/W RES TODIS FSPDIS Vx1 FSPD RDY LOCK STRT 0x04 0x41 R OOL R2T LT R1T RES VCC VCCP RES 0x00 0x42 R D2 D1 F4P FAN3 FAN2 FAN1 OVT RES 0x00 0x46 0x47 R/W R/W 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 0 0 0x00 0xFF 0x48 0x49 R/W R/W VCCP Reading VCC Reading Remote 1 Temperature Local Temperature Remote 2 Temperature TACH1 Low Byte TACH1 High Byte TACH2 Low Byte TACH2 High Byte TACH3 Low Byte TACH3 High Byte TACH4 Low Byte TACH4 High Byte PWM1 Current Duty Cycle PWM2 Current Duty Cycle PWM3 Current Duty Cycle PWM1 Max Duty Cycle PWM2 Max Duty Cycle PWM3 Max Duty Cycle Device ID Register Company ID Number Configuration Register 1 Interrupt Status Register 1 Interrupt Status Register 2 VCCP Low Limit VCCP High Limit VCC Low Limit VCC High Limit 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 0 0 0x00 0xFF Rev. A | Page 48 of 68 Lockable Yes ADT7475 Address 0x4E R/W R/W 0x4F R/W 0x50 R/W 0x51 R/W 0x52 R/W 0x53 R/W 0x54 R/W 0x55 R/W 0x56 R/W 0x57 R/W 0x58 R/W 0x59 R/W 0x5A R/W 0x5B R/W 0x5C R/W 0x5D R/W 0x5E R/W 0x5F R/W 0x60 R/W 0x61 R/W 0x62 R/W 0x63 R/W Description Remote 1 Temp Low Limit Remote 1 Temp High Limit Local Temp Low Limit Local Temp High Limit Remote 2 Temp Low Limit Remote 2 Temp High Limit TACH1 Minimum Low Byte TACH1 Minimum High Byte TACH2 Minimum Low Byte TACH2 Minimum High Byte TACH3 Minimum Low Byte TACH3 Minimum High Byte TACH4 Minimum Low Byte TACH4 Minimum High Byte PWM1 Configuration Register PWM2 Configuration Register PWM3 Configuration Register Remote 1 TRANGE/PWM1 Frequency Local TRANGE/PWM2 Frequency Remote 2 TRANGE/PWM3 Frequency Enhance Acoustics Register 1 Enhance Acoustics Register 2 Bit 7 7 Bit 6 6 Bit 5 5 Bit 4 4 Bit 3 3 Bit 2 2 Bit 1 1 Bit 0 0 Default 0x81 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x7F 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x81 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x7F 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x81 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x7F 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0xFF 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 0xFF 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0xFF 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 0xFF 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0xFF 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 0xFF 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0xFF 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 0xFF BHVR BHVR BHVR INV RES SPIN SPIN SPIN 0x62 Yes BHVR BHVR BHVR INV RES SPIN SPIN SPIN 0x62 Yes BHVR BHVR BHVR INV RES SPIN SPIN SPIN 0x62 Yes RANGE RANGE RANGE RANGE HF/LF FREQ FREQ FREQ 0xC4 Yes RANGE RANGE RANGE RANGE HF/LF FREQ FREQ FREQ 0xC4 Yes RANGE RANGE RANGE RANGE HF/LF FREQ FREQ FREQ 0xC4 Yes MIN3 MIN2 MIN1 SYNC EN1 ACOU1 ACOU1 ACOU1 0x00 Yes EN2 ACOU2 ACOU2 ACOU2 EN3 ACOU3 ACOU3 ACOU3 0x00 Yes Rev. A | Page 49 of 68 Lockable ADT7475 Address 0x64 R/W R/W 0x65 R/W 0x66 R/W 0x67 R/W 0x68 R/W 0x69 R/W 0x6A R/W 0x6B R/W 0x6C R/W 0x6D R/W 0x6E R/W 0x6F R/W 0x70 R/W 0x71 R/W 0x72 R/W 0x73 R/W 0x74 R/W 0x75 R/W 0x76 R/W 0x77 R/W 0x78 R/W 0x79 R 0x7A R/W 0x7B R/W Description PWM1 Min Duty Cycle PWM2 Min Duty Cycle PWM3 Min Duty Cycle Remote 1 Temp TMIN Local Temp TMIN Remote 2 Temp TMIN Remote 1 THERM Temp Limit Local THERM Temp Limit Remote 2 THERM Temp Limit Remote 1 and Local Temp/TMIN Hysteresis Remote 2 Temp/TMIN Hysteresis XNOR Tree Test Enable Remote 1 Temperature Offset Local Temperature Offset Remote 2 Temperature Offset Configuration Register 2 Interrupt Mask Reg. 1 Interrupt Mask Reg. 2 Extended Resolution 1 Extended Resolution 2 Configuration Register 3 THERM Timer Status Register THERM Timer Limit Register TACH Pulses per Revolution Bit 7 7 Bit 6 6 Bit 5 5 Bit 4 4 Bit 3 3 Bit 2 2 Bit 1 1 Bit 0 0 Default 0x80 Lockable Yes 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x80 Yes 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x80 Yes 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x5A Yes 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x5A Yes 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x5A Yes 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x64 Yes 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x64 Yes 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x64 Yes HYSR1 HYSR1 HYSR1 HYSR1 HYSL HYSL HYSL HYSL 0x44 Yes HYSR2 HYSR2 HYSR2 HYSR2 RES RES RES RES 0x40 Yes RES RES RES RES RES RES RES XEN 0x00 Yes 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x00 Yes 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x00 Yes 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x00 Yes SHDN CONV ATTN AVG RES RES RES RES 0x00 Yes OOL R2T LT R1T RES VCC VCCP RES 0x00 D2 D1 F4P FAN3 FAN2 FAN1 OVT RES 0x00 RES RES VCC VCC VCCP VCCP RES RES 0x00 TDM2 TDM2 LTMP LTMP TDM1 TDM1 RES RES 0x00 DC4 DC3 DC2 DC1 FAST BOOST THERM 0x00 TMR TMR TMR TMR TMR TMR TMR ALERT Enable ASRT/TMRO LIMT LIMT LIMT LIMT LIMT LIMT LIMT LIMT 0x00 FAN4 FAN4 FAN3 FAN3 FAN2 FAN2 FAN1 FAN1 0x55 Rev. A | Page 50 of 68 0x00 Yes ADT7475 Address 0x7C R/W R/W Description Configuration Register 5 Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 R2 THERM O/P Only Local THERM O/P Only R1 THERM O/P Only 0x7D R/W Configuration Register 4 RES RES BpAtt VCCP 0x7E 0x7F R R Test Register 1 Test Register 2 Bit 4 RES Bit 3 GPIOP Bit 2 GPIOD RES Max/Full on THERM THERM Disable Bit 1 Bit 0 Temp Offset TWOS COMPL PIN9 FUNC PIN9FUNC DO NOT WRITE TO THESE REGISTERS DO NOT WRITE TO THESE REGISTERS Default 0x01 Lockable Yes 0x00 Yes 0x00 0x00 Yes Yes Table 15. Register 0x11—Configuration Register 7 (Power-On Default = 0x00) Bit [0] Name DisTHERMHys R/W R/W Description Setting this bit to 1 disables THERM hysteresis. [7:1] Reserved N/A Reserved. Do not write to these bits. Table 16. Register 0x10—Configuration Register 6 (Power-On Default = 0x00)1, 2 Bit [0] Name SLOW Remote 1 R/W R/W [1] SLOW Local R/W [2] SLOW Remote 3 R/W [3] THERM in Manual R/W [5:4] [6] Reserved VCCPLow N/A R/W [7] 1 2 ExtraSlow Description When this bit is set, Fan 1 smoothing times are multiplied ×4 for Remote 1 temperature channel (as defined in Register 0x62). When this bit is set, Fan 2 smoothing times are multiplied ×4 for local temperature channel (as defined in Register 0x63). When this bit is set, Fan 3 smoothing times are multiplied ×4 for Remote 2 temperature channel (as defined in Register 0x63). When this bit is set, THERM is enabled in manual mode.1 Reserved. Do not write to these bits. VCCPLO = 1. When the power is supplied from 3.3 V STANDBY and the core voltage (VCCP) drops below its VCCP low limit value (Register 0x46), the following occurs: • Bit 1 in Interrupt Status Register 1 is set. • SMBALERT is generated, if enabled. • PROCHOT monitoring is disabled. • • Everything is re-enabled once VCCP increases above the VCCP low limit. When VCCP increases above the low limit: • PROCHOT monitoring is enabled. • Fans return to their programmed state after a spin-up cycle. When this bit is set, all fan smoothing times are increased by a further 39.2%. R/W A THERM event always overrides any fan setting (even when fans are disabled). This register becomes read-only when the Configuration Register 1 lock bit is set to 1. Any subsequent attempts to write to this register fail. Table 17. Register 0x11—Configuration Register 7 (Power-On Default = 0x00)1 Bit [0] Name DisTHERMHys R/W R/W Description Setting this bit to 1 disables THERM hysteresis. [7:1] Reserved N/A Reserved. Do not write to these bits 1 This register becomes read-only when the Configuration Register 1 lock bit is set to 1. Any subsequent attempts to write to this register fail. Table 18. Voltage Reading Registers (Power-On Default = 0x00)1, 2 Register Address 0x21 0x22 R/W Read-only Read-only Description Reflects the voltage measurement at the VCCP input on Pin 14 (8 MSBs of reading).1 Reflects the voltage measurement at the VCC input on Pin 3 (8 MSBs of reading).2 1 If the extended resolution bits of these readings are also being read, the extended resolution registers (Reg. 0x76, 0x77) must be read first. Once the extended resolution registers have been read, the associated MSB reading registers are frozen until read. Both the extended resolution registers and the MSB registers are frozen. 2 VCC (Pin 3) is the supply voltage for the ADT7475. Rev. A | Page 51 of 68 ADT7475 Table 19. Temperature Reading Registers (Power-On Default = 0x80)1, 2 Register Address 0x25 0x26 0x27 R/W Read-only Read-only Read-only Description Remote 1 temperature reading (8 MSBs of reading).3, 4 Local temperature reading (8 MSBs of reading). Remote 2 temperature reading (8 MSBs of reading). 1 These temperature readings can be in twos complement or Offset 64 format; this interpretation is determined by Bit 0 of Configuration Register 5 (0x7C). If the extended resolution bits of these readings are also being read, the extended resolution registers (0x76 and 0x77) must be read first. Once the extended resolution registers have been read, all associated MSB reading registers get frozen until read. Both the extended resolution registers and the MSB registers are frozen. 3 In twos complement mode, a temperature reading of −128°C (0x80) indicates a diode fault (open or short) on that channel. 2 4 In Offset 64 mode, a temperature reading of −64°C (0x00) indicates a diode fault (open or short) on that channel. Table 20. Fan Tachometer Reading Registers (Power-On Default = 0x00)1 Register Address 0x28 0x29 0x2A 0x2B 0x2C 0x2D 0x2E 0x2F R/W Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only Description TACH1 low byte. TACH1 high byte. TACH2 low byte. TACH2 high byte. TACH3 low byte. TACH3 high byte. TACH4 low byte. TACH4 high byte. 1 These registers count the number of 11.11 µs periods (based on an internal 90 kHz clock) that occur between a number of consecutive fan TACH pulses (default = 2). The number of TACH pulses used to count can be changed using the TACH pulses per revolution register (0x7B). This allows the fan speed to be accurately measured. Because a valid fan tachometer reading requires that two bytes are read, the low byte must be read first. Both the low and high bytes are then frozen until read. At power-on, these registers contain 0x0000 until such time as the first valid fan TACH measurement is read into these registers. This prevents false interrupts from occurring while the fans are spinning up. A count of 0xFFFF indicates that a fan is one of the following: Stalled or blocked (object jamming the fan). Failed (internal circuitry destroyed). Not populated. (The ADT7475 expects to see a fan connected to each TACH. If a fan is not connected to that TACH, its TACH minimum high and low bytes should be set to 0xFFFF.) Alternate function, for example, TACH4 reconfigured as a THERM pin. Table 21. Current PWM Duty Cycle Registers (Power-On Default = 0x00)1 Register Address 0x30 0x31 0x32 1 R/W R/W R/W R/W Description PWM1 current duty cycle (0% to 100% duty cycle = 0x00 to 0xFF). PWM2 current duty cycle (0% to 100% duty cycle = 0x00 to 0xFF). PWM3 current duty cycle (0% to 100% duty cycle = 0x00 to 0xFF). These registers reflect the PWM duty cycle driving each fan at any given time. When in automatic fan speed control mode, the ADT7475 reports the PWM duty cycles back through these registers. The PWM duty cycle values vary according to temperature in automatic fan speed control mode. During fan startup, these registers report back 0x00. In software mode, the PWM duty cycle outputs can be set to any duty cycle value by writing to these registers. Table 22. Maximim PWM Duty Cycle Registers (Power-On Default = 0xFF)1, 2 Register Address 0x38 0x39 0x3A 1 2 R/W R/W R/W R/W Description Maximum duty cycle for PWM1 output, default = 100% (0xFF). Maximum duty cycle for PWM2 output, default = 100% (0xFF). Maximum duty cycle for PWM3 output, default = 100% (0xFF). This register becomes read-only when the Configuration Register 1 lock bit is set to 1. Any subsequent attempts to write to this register fail. These registers set the maximum PWM duty cycle of the PWM output. Rev. A | Page 52 of 68 ADT7475 Table 23. Register 0x40—Configuration Register 1 (Power-On Default = 0x04) Bit [0] Name STRT1, 2 R/W R/W [1] LOCK Write once [2] RDY Read-only [3] FSPD R/W [4] Vx1 R/W [5] FSPDIS R/W [6] TODIS R/W [7] RES 1 2 Description Logic 1 enables monitoring and PWM control outputs based on the limit settings programmed. Logic 0 disables monitoring and PWM control based on the default power-up limit settings. Note that the limit values programmed are preserved even if a Logic 0 is written to this bit and the default settings are enabled. This bit does not become locked once Bit 1 (LOCK) has been set. Logic 1 locks all limit values to their current settings. Once this bit is set, all lockable registers become readonly and cannot be modified until the ADT7475 is powered down and powered up again. This prevents rogue programs such as viruses from modifying critical system limit settings. This bit is lockable. This bit is set to 1 by the ADT7475 to indicate only that the device is fully powered up and ready to begin system monitoring. When set to 1, this bit runs all fans at max speed as programmed in the PWM current duty cycle registers (0x30 to 0x32). Power-on default = 0. This bit is not locked at any time. BIOS should set this bit to a 1 when the ADT7475 is configured to measure current from an ADI ADOPT® VRM controller and to measure the CPU’s core voltage. This bit allows monitoring software to display CPU watts usage. This bit is lockable. Logic 1 disables fan spin-up for two TACH pulses. Instead, the PWM outputs go high for the entire fan spinup timeout selected. When this bit is set to 1, the SMBus timeout feature is enabled. This allows the ADT7475 to be used with SMBus controllers that cannot handle SMBus timeouts. This bit is lockable. Reserved. Bit 0 (STRT) of Configuration Register 1 (0x40) remains writable after lock bit is set. When monitoring is disabled, PWM outputs always go to 100% for thermal protection. Table 24. Register 0x41—Interrupt Status Register 1 (Power-On Default = 0x00) Bit [1] Name VCCP R/W Read-only [2] VCC Read-only [4] R1T Read-only [5] LT Read-only [6] R2T Read-only [7] OOL Read-only Description VCCP = 1 indicates that the VCCP high or low limit has been exceeded. This bit is cleared on a read of the status register only if the error condition has subsided. VCC = 1 indicates that the VCC high or low limit has been exceeded. This bit is cleared on a read of the status register only if the error condition has subsided. R1T = 1 indicates that the Remote 1 low or high temperature has been exceeded. This bit is cleared on a read of the status register only if the error condition has subsided. LT = 1 indicates that the local low or high temperature has been exceeded. This bit is cleared on a read of the status register only if the error condition has subsided. R2T = 1 indicates that the Remote 2 low or high temperature has been exceeded. This bit is cleared on a read of the status register only if the error condition has subsided. OOL = 1 indicates that an out-of-limit event has been latched in Interrupt Status Register 2. This bit is a logical OR of all status bits in Interrupt Status Register 2. Software can test this bit in isolation to determine whether any of the voltage, temperature, or fan speed readings represented by Interrupt Status Register 2 are out-oflimit, which saves the need to read Interrupt Status Register 2 every interrupt or polling cycle. Rev. A | Page 53 of 68 ADT7475 Table 25. Register 0x42—Interrupt Status Register 2 (Power-On Default = 0x00) Bit [1] Name OVT R/W Read-only [2] FAN1 Read-only [3] FAN2 Read-only [4] FAN3 Read-only [5] F4P Read-only R/W Read-only [6] [7] D1 D2 Read-only Read-only Description OVT = 1 indicates that one of the THERM overtemperature limits has been exceeded. This bit is cleared on a read of the status register when the temperature drops below THERM – THYST. FAN1 = 1 indicates that Fan 1 has dropped below minimum speed or has stalled. This bit is not set when the PWM1 output is off. FAN2 = 1 indicates that Fan 2 has dropped below minimum speed or has stalled. This bit is not set when the PWM2 output is off. FAN3 = 1 indicates that Fan 3 has dropped below minimum speed or has stalled. This bit is not set when the PWM3 output is off. F4P = 1 indicates that Fan 4 has dropped below minimum speed or has stalled. This bit is not set when the PWM3 output is off. When Pin 9 is programmed as a GPIO output, writing to this bit determines the logic output of the GPIO. If Pin 9 is configured as the THERM timer input for THERM monitoring, then this bit is set when the THERM assertion time exceeds the limit programmed in the THERM timer limit register (0x7A). D1 = 1 indicates either an open or short circuit on the Thermal Diode 1 inputs. D2 = 1 indicates either an open or short circuit on the Thermal Diode 2 inputs. Table 26. Voltage Limit Registers 1 1 Register Address 0x46 0x47 0x48 0x49 1 2 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Description2 VCCP low limit. VCCP high limit. VCC low limit. VCC high limit. Power-On Default 0x00 0xFF 0x00 0xFF Setting the Configuration Register 1 lock bit has no effect on these registers. High Limits: An interrupt is generated when a value exceeds its high limit (> comparison). Low Limits: An interrupt is generated when a value is equal to or below its low limit (≤ comparison). Table 27. Temperature Limit Registers1 Register Address 0x4E 0x4F 0x50 0x51 0x52 0x53 1 2 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Description2 Remote 1 temperature low limit. Remote 1 temperature high limit. Local temperature low limit. Local temperature high limit. Remote 2 temperature low limit. Remote 2 temperature high limit. Power-On Default 0x81 0x7F 0x81 0x7F 0x81 0x7F Exceeding any of these temperature limits by 1°C causes the appropriate status bit to be set in the interrupt status register. Setting the Configuration Register 1 lock bit has no effect on these registers. High Limits: An interrupt is generated when a value exceeds its high limit (> comparison). Low Limits: An interrupt is generated when a value is equal to or below its low limit (≤ comparison). Table 28. Fan Tachometer Limit Registers1 Register Address 0x54 0x55 R/W R/W R/W 0x56 0x57 0x58 0x59 0x5A 0x5B R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 1 Description TACH1 minimum low byte. TACH1 minimum high byte/single channel ADC channel select. TACH2 minimum low byte. TACH2 minimum high byte. TACH3 minimum low byte. TACH3 minimum high byte. TACH4 minimum low byte. TACH4 minimum high byte. Power-On Default 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF Exceeding any of the TACH limit registers by 1 indicates that the fan is running too slowly or has stalled. The appropriate status bit is set in Interrupt Status Register 2 to indicate the fan failure. Setting the Configuration Register 1 lock bit has no effect on these registers. Rev. A | Page 54 of 68 ADT7475 Table 29. Register 0x55—TACH1 Minimum High Byte (Power-On Default = 0xFF) Bits [4:0] Name Reserved R/W Read-only [7:5] SCADC R/W Description These bits are reserved when Bit 6 of Configuration Register 2 (0x73) is set (single channel ADC mode). Otherwise, these bits represent Bits [4:0] of the TACH1 minimum high byte register. When Bit 6 of Configuration Register 2 (0x73) is set (single channel ADC mode), these bits are used to select the only channel from which the ADC makes measurements. Otherwise, these bits represent Bits [7:5] of the TACH1 minimum high byte register. Table 30. PWM Configuration Registers1 R/W1 R/W R/W R/W Register Address 0x5C 0x5D 0x5E 1 Description PWM1 configuration. PWM2 configuration. PWM3 configuration. Power-On Default 0x62 0x62 0x62 These registers become read-only when the Configuration Register 1 lock bit is set to 1. Any subsequent attempts to write to these registers fail. Table 31. Register 0x5C, Register 0x5D, and Register 0x5E—PWM Configuration Registers (Power-On Default = 0x62) Bit [2:0] Name SPIN R/W R/W [4] INV R/W [7:5] BHVR R/W Description These bits control the startup timeout for PWMx. The PWM output stays high until two valid TACH rising edges are seen from the fan. If there is not a valid TACH signal during the fan TACH measurement directly after the fan startup timeout period, then the TACH measurement reads 0xFFFF and Interrupt Status Register 2 reflects the fan fault. If the TACH minimum high and low bytes contain 0xFFFF or 0x0000, then the Interrupt Status Register 2 bit is not set, even if the fan has not started. 000 = No startup timeout 001 = 100 ms 010 = 250 ms (default) 011 = 400 ms 100 = 667 ms 101 = 1 sec 110 = 2 sec 111 = 4 sec This bit inverts the PWM output. The default is 0, which corresponds to a logic high output for 100% duty cycle. Setting this bit to 1 inverts the PWM output, so 100% duty cycle corresponds to a logic low output. These bits assign each fan to a particular temperature sensor for localized cooling. 000 = Remote 1 temperature controls PWMx (automatic fan control mode). 001 = Local temperature controls PWMx (automatic fan control mode). 010 = Remote 2 temperature controls PWMx (automatic fan control mode). 011 = PWMx runs full speed. 100 = PWMx disabled (default). 101 = Fastest speed calculated by local and Remote 2 temperature controls PWMx. 110 = Fastest speed calculated by all three temperature channel controls PWMx. 111 = Manual Mode. PWM duty cycle registers (0x30 to 0x32) become writable. Rev. A | Page 55 of 68 ADT7475 Table 32. Temp TRANGE/PWM Frequency Registers R/W1 R/W R/W R/W Register Address 0x5F 0x60 0x61 1 Description Remote 1 TRANGE/PWM1 frequency. Local temperature TRANGE/PWM2 frequency. Remote 2 TRANGE/PWM3 frequency. Power-On Default 0xC4 0xC4 0xC4 These registers become read-only when the Configuration Register 1 lock bit is set. Any subsequent attempts to write to these registers fail. Table 33. Register 0x5F, Register 0x60, and Register 0x61—Temp TRANGE/PWM Frequency Registers (Power-On Default = 0xC4) Bit [2:0] Name FREQ R/W R/W [3] HF/LF R/W [7:4] RANGE R/W Description These bits control the PWMx frequency. 000 = 11.0 Hz 001 = 14.7 Hz 010 = 22.1 Hz 011 = 29.4 Hz 100 = 35.3 Hz (default) 101 = 44.1 Hz 110 = 58.8 Hz 111 = 88.2 Hz HF/LF =1, enables high frequency PWM output for 4-wire fans. Once enabled, 3-wire fan-specific settings have no effect (this means, pulse stretching). These bits determine the PWM duty cycle vs. the temperature slope for automatic fan control. 0000 = 2°C 0001 = 2.5°C 0010 = 3.33°C 0011 = 4°C 0100 = 5°C 0101 = 6.67°C 0110 = 8°C 0111 = 10°C 1000 = 13.33°C 1001 = 16°C 1010 = 20°C 1011 = 26.67°C 1100 = 32°C (default) 1101 = 40°C 1110 = 53.33°C 1111 = 80°C Rev. A | Page 56 of 68 ADT7475 Table 34. Register 0x62—Enhance Acoustics Register 1 (Power-On Default = 0x00) Bit [2:0] Name ACOU1 R/W1 R/W [3] [4] EN1 SYNC R/W R/W [5] MIN1 R/W [6] MIN2 R/W [7] MIN3 R/W 1 Description Assuming that PWMx is associated with the Remote 1 temperature channel, these bits define the maximum rate of change of the PWMx output for Remote 1 temperature related changes. Instead of the fan speed jumping instantaneously to its newly determined speed, it ramps gracefully at the rate determined by these bits. This feature ultimately enhances the acoustics of the fan. When Bit 7 of Configuration Register 6 (0x10) is 0 Time Slot Increase Time for 0% to 100% 000 = 1 37.5 sec 001 = 2 18.8 sec 010 = 3 12.5 sec 011 = 4 7.5 sec 100 = 8 4.7 sec 101 = 12 3.1 sec 110 = 24 1.6 sec 111 = 48 0.8 sec When Bit 7 of Configuration Register 6 (0x10) is 1 Time Slot Increase Time for 0% to 100% 000 = 1 52.2 sec 001 = 2 26.1 sec 010 = 3 17.4 sec 011 = 4 10.4 sec 100 = 8 6.5 sec 101 = 12 4.4 sec 110 = 24 2.2 sec 111 = 48 1.1 sec When this bit is 1, smoothing is enabled on Remote 1 temperature channel. SYNC = 1 synchronizes fan speed measurements on TACH2, TACH3, and TACH4 to PWM3. This allows up to three fans to be driven from PWM3 output and their speeds to be measured. SYNC = 0 synchronizes only TACH3 and TACH4 to PWM3 output. When the ADT7475 is in automatic fan control mode, this bit defines whether PWM1 is off (0% duty cycle) or at PWM1 minimum duty cycle when the controlling temperature is below its TMIN – hysteresis value. 0 = 0% duty cycle below TMIN – hysteresis. 1 = PWM1 minimum duty cycle below TMIN – hysteresis. When the ADT7475 is in automatic fan speed control mode, this bit defines whether PWM2 is off (0% duty cycle) or at PWM2 minimum duty cycle when the controlling temperature is below its TMIN – hysteresis value. 0 = 0% duty cycle below TMIN – hysteresis. 1 = PWM 2 minimum duty cycle below TMIN – hysteresis. When the ADT7475 is in automatic fan speed control mode, this bit defines whether PWM3 is off (0% duty cycle) or at PWM3 minimum duty cycle when the controlling temperature is below its TMIN – hysteresis value. 0 = 0% duty cycle below TMIN – hysteresis. 1 = PWM3 minimum duty cycle below TMIN – hysteresis. This register becomes read-only when the Configuration Register 1 lock bit is set to 1. Any subsequent attempts to write to this register fail. Rev. A | Page 57 of 68 ADT7475 Table 35. Register 0x63—Enhance Acoustics Register 2 (Power-On Default = 0x00) Bit [2:0] Name ACOU3 R/W1 R/W [3] [6:4] EN3 ACOU2 R/W R/W [7] EN2 R/W 1 Description Assuming that PWMx is associated with the local temperature channel, these bits define the maximum rate of change of the PWMx output for local temperature related changes. Instead of the fan speed jumping instantaneously to its newly determined speed, it ramps gracefully at the rate determined by these bits. This feature ultimately y enhances the acoustics of the fan. When Bit 7 of Configuration Register 6 (0x10) is 0 Time Slot Increase Time for 0% to 100% 000 = 1 37.5 sec 001 = 2 18.8 sec 010 = 3 12.5 sec 011 = 4 7.5 sec 100 = 8 4.7 sec 101 = 12 3.1 sec 110 = 24 1.6 sec 111 = 48 0.8 sec When Bit 7 of Configuration Register 6 (0x10) is 1 Time Slot Increase Time for 0% to 100% 000 = 1 52.2 sec 001 = 2 26.1 sec 010 = 3 17.4 sec 011 = 4 10.4 sec 100 = 8 6.5 sec 101 = 12 4.4 sec 110 = 24 2.2 sec 111 = 48 1.1 sec When this bit is 1, smoothing is enabled on the Local temperature channel. Assuming that PWMx is associated with the Remote 2 temperature channel, these bits define the maximum rate of change of the PWMx output for Remote 2 temperature related changes. Instead of the fan speed jumping instantaneously to its newly determined speed, it ramps gracefully at the rate determined by these bits. This feature ultimately enhances the acoustics of the fan. When Bit 7 of Configuration Register 6 (0x10) is 0 Time Slot Increase Time for 0% to 100% 000 = 1 37.5 sec 001 = 2 18.8 sec 010 = 3 12.5 sec 011 = 4 7.5 sec 100 = 8 4.7 sec 101 = 12 3.1 sec 110 = 24 1.6 sec 111 = 48 0.8 sec When Bit 7 of Configuration Register 6 (0x10) is 1 Time Slot Increase Time for 0% to 100% 000 = 1 52.2 sec 001 = 2 26.1 sec 010 = 3 17.4 sec 011 = 4 10.4 sec 100 = 8 6.5 sec 101 = 12 4.4 sec 110 = 24 2.2 sec 111 = 48 1.1 sec When this bit is 1, smoothing is enabled on the Remote 2 temperature channel. This register becomes read-only when the Configuration Register 1 lock bit is set to 1. Any subsequent attempts to write to this register fail. Rev. A | Page 58 of 68 ADT7475 Table 36. PWM Minimum Duty Cycle Registers R/W1 R/W R/W R/W Register Address 0x64 0x65 0x66 1 Description PWM1 minimum duty cycle. PWM2 minimum duty cycle. PWM3 minimum duty cycle. Power-On Default 0x80 (50% duty cycle) 0x80 (50% duty cycle) 0x80 (50% duty cycle) These registers become read-only when the ADT7475 is in automatic fan control mode. Table 37. Register 0x64, Register 0x65, Register 0x66—PWM Minimum Duty Cycle Registers (Power-On Default = 0x80; 50% duty cycle) Bit [7:0] 1 Name PWM duty cycle R/W1 R/W Description These bits define the PWMMIN duty cycle for PWMx. 0x00 = 0% duty cycle (fan off ). 0x40 = 25% duty cycle. 0x80 = 50% duty cycle. 0xFF = 100% duty cycle (fan full speed). These registers become read-only when the ADT7475 is in automatic fan control mode. Table 38. TMIN Registers1 Register Address 0x67 0x68 0x69 R/W2 R/W R/W R/W Description Remote 1 temperature TMIN. Local temperature TMIN. Remote 2 temperature TMIN. Power-On Default 0x5A (90°C) 0x5A (90°C) 0x5A (90°C) 1 These are the TMIN registers for each temperature channel. When the temperature measured exceeds TMIN, the appropriate fan runs at minimum speed and increases with temperature according to TRANGE. 2 These registers become read-only when the Configuration Register 1 lock bit is set. Any subsequent attempts to write to these registers fail. Table 39. THERM Temperature Limit Registers1 R/W2 R/W Description Remote 1 THERM limit. Power-On Default 0x64 (100°C) 0x6B R/W Local THERM limit. 0x64 (100°C) 0x6C R/W Remote 2 THERM limit. 0x64 (100°C) Register Address 0x6A If any temperature measured exceeds its THERM limit, all PWM outputs drive their fans at 100% duty cycle. This is a fail-safe mechanism incorporated to cool the system in the event of a critical overtemperature. It also ensures some level of cooling in the event that software or hardware locks up. If set to 0x80, this feature is disabled. The PWM output remains at 100% until the temperature drops below a THERM Limit − Hysteresis. If the THERM pin is programmed as an output, then exceeding these limits by 0.25°C can cause the THERM pin to assert low as an output. 2 These registers become read-only when the Configuration Register 1 lock bit is set to 1. Any subsequent attempts to write to these registers fail. 1 Table 40. Temperature/TMIN Hysteresis Registers1 Register Address 0x6D Bit Name R/W2 R/W HYSL [3:0] HYSR1 [7:4] 0x6E R/W HYSR2 [7:4] Description Remote 1 and local temperature hysteresis. Local temperature hysteresis. 0°C to 15°C of hysteresis can be applied to the local temperature and AFC loops. Remote 1 temperature hysteresis. 0°C to 15°C of hysteresis can be applied to the Remote 1 temperature and AFC loops. Remote 2 temperature hysteresis. Local temperature hysteresis. 0°C to 15°C of hysteresis can be applied to the local temperature and AFC loops. 1 Power-On Default 0x44 0x40 Each 4-bit value controls the amount of temperature hysteresis applied to a particular temperature channel. Once the temperature for that channel falls below its TMIN value, the fan remains running at PWMMIN duty cycle until the temperature = TMIN − hysteresis. Up to 15°C of hysteresis can be assigned to any temperature channel. The hysteresis value chosen also applies to that temperature channel, if its THERM limit is exceeded. The PWM output being controlled goes to 100%, if the THERM limit is exceeded and remains at 100% until the temperature drops below THERM − hysteresis. For acoustic reasons, it is recommended that the hysteresis value not be programmed less than 4°C. Setting the hysteresis value lower than 4°C causes the fan to switch on and off regularly when the temperature is close to TMIN. 2 These registers become read-only when the Configuration Register 1 lock bit is set to 1. Any subsequent attempts to write to these registers fail. Rev. A | Page 59 of 68 ADT7475 Table 41. XNOR Tree Test Enable Register Register Address 0x6F R/W1 R/W Bit Name XEN [0] RES [7:1] 1 Description XNOR tree test enable register. If the XEN bit is set to 1, the device enters the XNOR tree test mode. Clearing the bit removes the device from the XNOR tree test mode. Unused. Do not write to these bits. Power-On Default 0x00 This register becomes read-only when the Configuration Register 1 lock bit is set to 1. Any subsequent attempts to write to this register fail. Table 42. Remote 1 Temperature Offset Register Register Address 0x70 1 R/W1 R/W Bit [7:0] Description Remote 1 temperature offset. Allows a twos complement offset value to be automatically added to or subtracted from the Remote 1 temperature reading. This is to compensate for any inherent system offsets such as PCB trace resistance. LSB value = 0.5°C. Power-On Default 0x00 This register becomes read-only when the Configuration Register 1 lock bit is set to 1. Any subsequent attempts to write to this register fail. Table 43. Local Temperature Offset Register Register Address 0x71 1 Bit [7:0] R/W1 R/W Description Local temperature offset. Allows a twos complement offset value to be automatically added to or subtracted from the local temperature reading. LSB value = 0.5°C. Power-On Default 0x00 This register becomes read-only when the Configuration Register 1 lock bit is set to 1. Any subsequent attempts to write to this register fail. Table 44. Remote 2 Temperature Offset Register1 Register Address 0x72 1 Bit [7:0] R/W R/W Description Remote 2 temperature offset. Allows a twos complement offset value to be automatically added to or subtracted from the Remote 2 temperature reading. This is to compensate for any inherent system offsets such as PCB trace resistance. LSB value = 0.5°C. Power-On Default 0x00 This register becomes read-only when the Configuration Register 1 lock bit is set to 1. Any subsequent attempts to write to this register fail. Rev. A | Page 60 of 68 ADT7475 Table 45. Register 0x73—Configuration Register 2 (Power-On Default = 0x00) R/W1 Bit [0:3] [4] Name RES AVG R/W [5] ATTN R/W [6] CONV R/W [7] SHDN R/W 1 Description Reserved. AVG = 1, averaging on the temperature and voltage measurements is turned off. This allows measurements on each channel to be made much faster. ATTN = 1, the ADT7475 removes the attenuators from the VCCP input. The VCCP input can be used for other functions such as connecting up external sensors. CONV = 1, the ADT7475 is put into a single channel ADC conversion mode. In this mode, the ADT7475 can be made to read continuously from one input only, for example, Remote 1 temperature. The appropriate ADC channel is selected by writing to Bits [7:5] of TACH1 minimum high byte register (0x55). Register 0x55, Bits [7:5] 000 Reserved 001 VCCP 010 VCC (3.3 V) 011 Reserved 100 Reserved 101 Remote 1 temperature 110 Local temperature 111 Remote 2 temperature SHDN = 1, ADT7475 goes into shutdown mode. All PWM outputs assert low (or high depending on state of INV bit) to switch off all fans. The PWM current duty cycle registers read 0x00 to indicate that the fans are not being driven. This register becomes read-only when the Configuration Register 1 lock bit is set to 1. Any subsequent attempts to write to this register fail. Table 46. Register 0x74—Interrupt Mask Register 1 (Power-On Default <7:0> = 0x00) Bit [1] Name VCCP R/W R/W Description VCCP = 1, masks SMBALERT for out-of-limit conditions on the VCCP channel. [2] VCC R/W VCC = 1, masks SMBALERT for out-of-limit conditions on the VCC channel. [4] R1T R/W R1T = 1, masks SMBALERT for out-of-limit conditions on the Remote 1 temperature channel. [5] LT R/W LT = 1, masks SMBALERT for out-of-limit conditions on the local temperature channel. [6] R2T R/W R2T = 1, masks SMBALERT for out-of-limit conditions on the Remote 2 temperature channel. [7] OOL R/W OOL = 0, then when one or more alerts are generated in Interrupt Status Register 2, assuming all the mask bits in the Interrupt Mask Register 2 (0x75) = 1, SMBALERT are still asserted. OOL = 1, then when one or more alerts are generated in Interrupt Status Register 2, assuming all the mask bits in the Interrupt Mask Register 2 (0x75) = 1, SMBALERT are not asserted. Table 47. Register 0x75—Interrupt Mask Register 2 (Power-On Default <7:0> = 0x00) Bit [1] Name OVT R/W Read only OVT = 1, masks SMBALERT for overtemperature THERM conditions. Description [2] FAN1 R/W FAN1 = 1, masks SMBALERT for a Fan 1 fault. [3] FAN2 R/W FAN2 = 1, masks SMBALERT for a Fan 2 fault. [4] FAN3 R/W FAN3 = 1, masks SMBALERT for a Fan 3 fault. [5] F4P R/W F4P = 1, masks SMBALERT for a Fan 4 fault. If the TACH4 pin is being used as the THERM input, this bit masks SMBALERT for a THERM timer event. [6] D1 R/W D1 = 1, masks SMBALERT for a diode open or short on a Remote 1 channel. [7] D2 R/W D2 = 1, masks SMBALERT for a diode open or short on a Remote 2 channel. Rev. A | Page 61 of 68 ADT7475 Table 48. Register 0x76—Extended Resolution Register 11 Bit [3:2] [5:4] 1 Name VCCP VCC R/W Read-only Read-only Description VCCP LSBs. Holds the 2 LSBs of the 10-bit VCCP measurement. VCC LSBs. Holds the 2 LSBs of the 10-bit VCC measurement. If this register is read, this register and the registers holding the MSB of each reading are frozen until read. Table 49. Register 0x77—Extended Resolution Register 21 Bit [3:2] [5:4] [7:6] 1 Name TDM1 LTMP TDM2 R/W Read-only Read-only Read-only 11 Description Remote 1 temperature LSBs. Holds the 2 LSBs of the 10-bit Remote 1 temperature measurement. Local temperature LSBs. Holds the 2 LSBs of the 10-bit local temperature measurement. Remote 2 temperature LSBs. Holds the 2 LSBs of the 10-bit Remote 2 temperature measurement. If this register is read, this register and the registers holding the MSB of each reading are frozen until read. Table 50. Register 0x78—Configuration Register 3 (Power-On Default = 0x00) Bit [0] Name ALERT R/W1 R/W [1] THERM R/W [2] BOOST R/W [3] FAST R/W [4] DC1 R/W [5] DC2 R/W [6] DC3 R/W [7] DC4 R/W 1 Description ALERT = 1, Pin 10 (PWM2/SMBALERT) is configured as an SMBALERT interrupt output to indicate out-of-limit error conditions. THERM Enable = 1 enables THERM timer monitoring functionality on Pin 9. Also determined by Bits 0 and 1 (PIN9FUNC) of Configuration Register 4. When THERM is asserted, if the fans are running and the boost bit is set, the fans run at full speed. Alternatively, THERM can be programmed so that a timer is triggered to time how long THERM has been asserted. When THERM is an input and BOOST = 1, assertion of THERM causes all fans to run at the maximum programmed duty cycle for fail-safe cooling. FAST = 1, enables fast TACH measurements on all channels. This increases the TACH measurement rate from once per second to once every 250 ms (4×). DC1 = 1, enables TACH measurements to be continuously made on TACH1. Fans must be driven by dc. Setting this bit prevents pulse stretching, because it is not required for dc-driven motors. DC2 = 1, enables TACH measurements to be continuously made on TACH2. Fans must be driven by dc. Setting this bit prevents pulse stretching, because it is not required for dc-driven motors. DC3 = 1, enables TACH measurements to be continuously made on TACH3. Fans must be driven by dc. Setting this bit prevents pulse stretching, because it is not required for dc-driven motors. DC4 = 1, enables TACH measurements to be continuously made on TACH4. Fans must be driven by dc. Setting this bit prevents pulse stretching, because it is not required for dc-driven motors. This register becomes read-only when the Configuration Register 1 lock bit is set to 1. Any subsequent attempts to write to this register fail. Table 51. Register 0x79—THERM Timer Status Register (Power-On Default = 0x00) Bit [7:1] Name TMR R/W Read-only [0] ASRT/ TMR0 Read-only Description Times how long THERM input is asserted. These seven bits read zero until the THERM assertion time exceeds 45.52 ms. This bit is set high on the assertion of the THERM input, and is cleared on read. If the THERM assertion time exceeds 45.52 ms, this bit is set and becomes the LSB of the 8-bit TMR reading. This allows THERM assertion times from 45.52 ms to 5.82 sec to be reported back with a resolution of 22.76 ms. Table 52. Register 0x7A—THERM Timer Limit Register (Power-On Default = 0x00) Bit [7:0] Name LIMT R/W R/W Description Sets maximum THERM assertion length allowed before an interrupt is generated. This is an 8-bit limit with a resolution of 22.76 ms allowing THERM assertion limits of 45.52 ms to 5.82 sec to be programmed. If the THERM assertion time exceeds this limit, Bit 5 (F4P) of Interrupt Status Register 2 (0x42) is set. If the limit value is 0x00, then an interrupt is generated immediately on the assertion of the THERM input. Rev. A | Page 62 of 68 ADT7475 Table 53. Register 0x7B—TACH Pulses per Revolution Register (Power-On Default = 0x55) Bit [1:0] Name FAN1 R/W R/W [3:2] FAN2 R/W [5:4] FAN3 R/W [7:6] FAN4 R/W Description Sets number of pulses to be counted when measuring Fan 1 speed. Can be used to determine fan pulses per revolution for unknown fan type. Pulses Counted 00 = 1 01 = 2 (default) 10 = 3 11 = 4 Sets number of pulses to be counted when measuring Fan 2 speed. Can be used to determine fan pulses per revolution for unknown fan type. Pulses Counted 00 = 1 01 = 2 (default) 10 = 3 11 = 4 Sets number of pulses to be counted when measuring Fan 3 speed. Can be used to determine fan pulses per revolution for unknown fan type. Pulses Counted 00 = 1 01 = 2 (default) 10 = 3 11 = 4 Sets number of pulses to be counted when measuring Fan 4 speed. Can be used to determine fan pulses per revolution for unknown fan type. Pulses Counted 00 = 1 01 = 2 (default) 10 = 3 11 = 4 Table 54. Register 0x7C—Configuration Register 5 (Power-On Default = 0x00) Bit [0] Name TWOS COMPL [1] TempOffset [2] GPIOD [3] GPIOP [4] [5] RES R1 THERM R/W1 R/W R/W Description Twos complement = 1, sets the temperature range to twos complement temperature range. Twos complement = 0, changes the temperature range to Offset 64. When this bit is changed, the ADT7475 interprets all relevant temperature register values as defined by this bit. TempOffset = 0, sets offset range to −63°C to +64°C with 0.5°C resolution. TempOffset = 1, sets offset range to −63°C to +127°C with 1°C resolution. These settings apply to registers 0x70, 0x71, and 0x72 (Remote 1, internal, and Remote 2 temperature offset registers. GPIO direction. When GPIO function is enabled, this determines whether the GPIO is an input (0) or an output (1). GPIO polarity. When the GPIO function is enabled and is programmed as an output, this bit determines whether the GPIO is active low (0) or high (1). Reserved. R1 THERM = 0 , THERM temperature limit functionality enabled for Remote 1 temperature channel. THERM can also be disabled on any channel by the following: In offset 64 mode, writing −64°C to the appropriate THERM temperature limit. In twos complement mode, writing −128°C to the appropriate THERM temperature limit. Rev. A | Page 63 of 68 ADT7475 Bit [6] Name Local THERM R/W1 R/W Description Local THERM = 0, THERM temperature limit functionality enabled for local temperature channel. THERM can also be disabled on any channel by the following: In Offset 64 mode, writing −64°C to the appropriate THERM temperature limit. In twos complement mode, writing −128°C to the appropriate THERM temperature limit. [7] R2 THERM R/W R2 THERM = 0, THERM temperature limit functionality enabled for Remote 2 temperature channel. THERM can also be disabled on any channel by the following: In offset 64 mode, writing −64˚C to the appropriate THERM temperature limit. In twos complement mode, writing −128˚C to the appropriate THERM temperature limit. 1 This register becomes read-only when the Configuration Register 1 lock bit is set to 1. Any further attempts to write to this register have no effect. Table 55. Register 0x7D—Configuration Register 4 (Power-On Default = 0x00) Bit [1:0] Name Pin9FUNC R/W1 R/W [2] THERM Disable R/W [3] Max/Full on THERM R/W [4:7] [5] RES BpAttVCCP [6:7] RES 1 R/W Description These bits set the functionality of Pin 9: 00 = TACH4 (default) 01 = Bidirectional THERM 10 = SMBALERT 11 = GPIO THERM Disable = 0, THERM overtemperature output is enabled assuming THERM is correctly configured (Register 0x78, Register 0x7C, and Register 0x7D). THERM Disable = 1, THERM overtemperature output is disabled on all channels. THERM can also be disabled on any channel by the following: In Offset 64 mode, writing −64°C to the appropriate THERM temperature limit In twos complement mode, writing −128°C to the appropriate THERM temperature limit Max/Full on THERM = 0. When THERM limit is exceeded, fans go to full speed. Max/Full on THERM = 1. When THERM limit is exceeded, fans go to maximum speed as defined in Register 0x38, Register 0x39, and Register 0x3A. Unused. Bypass VCCP attenuator. When set, the measurement scale for this channel changes from 0 V (0x00) to 2.2965 V (0xFF) . Unused. This register becomes read-only when the Configuration Register 1 lock bit is set to 1. Any subsequent attempts to write to this register fail. Table 56. Register 0x7E—Manufacturer’s Test Register 1 (Power-On Default = 0x00) Bit [7:0] Name Reserved R/W Read-only Description Manufacturer’s test register. These bits are reserved for manufacturer’s test purposes and should not be written to under normal operation. Table 57. Register 0x7F—Manufacturer’s Test Register 2 (Power-On Default = 0x00) Bit [7:0] Name Reserved R/W Read-only Description Manufacturer’s test register. These bits are reserved for manufacturer’s test purposes and should not be written to under normal operation. Rev. A | Page 64 of 68 ADT7475 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 0.197 0.193 0.189 9 16 0.158 0.154 0.150 1 8 0.244 0.236 0.228 PIN 1 0.069 0.053 0.065 0.049 0.010 0.025 0.004 BSC COPLANARITY 0.004 0.012 0.008 SEATING PLANE 0.010 0.006 8° 0° 0.050 0.016 COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-137-AB Figure 62. 16-Lead Shrink Small Outline Package [QSOP] (RQ-16) Dimensions shown in inches ORDERING GUIDE Model ADT7475ARQZ1 ADT7475ARQZ-REEL1 ADT7475ARQZ-REEL71 EVAL-ADT7475EB 1 Temperature Range –40°C to +125°C –40°C to +125°C –40°C to +125°C Package Description 16-Lead QSOP 16-Lead QSOP 16-Lead QSOP Evaluation Board Z = Pb-free part. Rev. A | Page 65 of 68 Package Option RQ-16 RQ-16 RQ-16 ADT7475 NOTES Rev. A | Page 66 of 68 ADT7475 NOTES Rev. A | Page 67 of 68 ADT7475 NOTES ©2006 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. D05381-0-2/06(A) Rev. A | Page 68 of 68