TPS60200, TPS60201, TPS60202, TPS60203 REGULATED 3.3 V, 100-mA LOW-RIPPLE CHARGE PUMP LOW POWER DC/DC CONVERTERS SLVS274 – MARCH 2000 D features D D D D D D D Regulated 3.3-V Output Voltage With up to 100 mA Output Current From a 1.8 V to 3.6 V Input Voltage Less Than 5 mV(PP) Output Voltage Ripple Achieved With Push-Pull Topology Integrated Low-Battery and Power-Good Detector Switching Frequency Can Be Synchronized to External Clock Signal Extends Battery Usage With up to 90% Efficiency and 35 µA Quiescent Supply Current Reliable System Shutdown Because Output Capacitor Is Discharged When Device Is Disabled Easy-To-Design, Low Cost, Low EMI Power Supply Since No Inductors Are Used D D 0.05 µA Shutdown Current, Battery Is Isolated From Load in Shutdown Mode Compact Converter Solution in Ultra-Small 10-pin MSOP With Only Four External Capacitors Required Evaluation Module Available (TPS60200EVM-145) applications D Replaces DC/DC Converters With Inductors in Battery Powered Applications Like: – Two Battery Cells to 3.3-V Conversion – MP3 Portable Audio Players – Battery-Powered Microprocessor Systems – Backup-Battery Boost Converters – PDA’s, Organizers, Cordless Phones – Handheld Instrumentation – Glucose Meters and Other Medical Instruments · description The TPS6020x step-up, regulated charge pumps generate a 3.3-V ± 4% output voltage from a 1.8-V to 3.6-V input voltage. The devices are typically powered by two Alkaline, NiCd or NiMH battery cells and operate down to a minimum supply voltage of 1.6 V. Continuous output current is a minimum of 100 mA for the TPS60200 and TPS60201 and 50 mA for the TPS60202 and TPS60203, all from a 2-V input. Only four external capacitors are needed to build a complete low-ripple dc/dc converter. The push-pull operating mode of two single-ended charge pumps assures the low output voltage ripple as current is continuously transferred to the output. TPS60200 7 IN OUT 5 R1 Ci 2.2 µ F 1 C1 1 µF LBI LBO 3 9 OFF/ON Co 2.2 µ F R3 R2 4 OUTPUT 3.3V, 100 mA C1+ C2+ C1– C2– EN 350 10 6 8 TPS60200 PEAK OUTPUT CURRENT vs INPUT VOLTAGE 300 Low Battery Warning C2 1 µF GND 2 I O – Outout Current – mA INPUT 1.6V to 3.6V 250 200 150 100 50 Figure 1. Typical Application Circuit With Low-Battery Warning 0 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 VI – Input Voltage – V 3.6 Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. Copyright 2000, Texas Instruments Incorporated PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 Powered by ICminer.com Electronic-Library Service CopyRight 2003 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 1 TPS60200, TPS60201, TPS60202, TPS60203 REGULATED 3.3 V, 100-mA LOW-RIPPLE CHARGE PUMP LOW POWER DC/DC CONVERTERS SLVS274 – MARCH 2000 description (continued) The devices operate in the newly developed LinSkip mode. In this operating mode, the device switches seamlessly from the power saving pulse-skip mode at light loads to the low-noise constant-frequency, linear-regulation mode once the output current exceeds the LinSkip threshold of about 7-mA. Even in pulse-skip mode the output ripple is maintained at a very low level because the output resistance of the charge pump is still regulated. Three operating modes can be programmed using the EN pin. EN = low disables the device, shuts down all internal circuits and disconnects the output from the input. EN = high enables the device and programs it to run from the internal oscillator. The devices operate synchronized to an external clock signal if EN is clocked; thus switching harmonics can be controlled and minimized. The devices include a low-battery detector that issues a warning if the battery voltage drops below a user-defined threshold voltage or a power-good detector that goes active when the output voltage reaches about 90% of its nominal value. Device options with either a low-battery or power good detector are available. This dc/dc converter requires no inductors therefore EMI of the system is reduced to a minimum. It is available in the small 10-pin MSOP package (DGS). DGS PACKAGES TPS60201, TPS60203 TPS60200, TPS60202 LBI GND C1– C1+ OUT 1 10 2 9 3 8 4 5 7 6 GND GND C1– C1+ OUT LBO EN C2– IN C2+ 1 10 2 9 3 8 4 7 5 6 PG EN C2– IN C2+ AVAILABLE OPTIONS TA – 40°C to 85°C PART NUMBER† MARKING DGS PACKAGE OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) TPS60200DGS AEX 100 3.3 Low-battery detector TPS60201DGS AEY 100 3.3 Power-good detector TPS60202DGS AEZ 50 3.3 Low-battery detector TPS60203DGS AFA 50 3.3 Power-good detector DEVICE FEATURES † The DGS package is available taped and reeled. Add R suffix to device type (e.g. TPS60200DGSR) to order quantities of 3000 devices per reel. 2 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 Powered by ICminer.com Electronic-Library Service CopyRight 2003 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TPS60200, TPS60201, TPS60202, TPS60203 REGULATED 3.3 V, 100-mA LOW-RIPPLE CHARGE PUMP LOW POWER DC/DC CONVERTERS SLVS274 – MARCH 2000 functional block diagrams TPS60200 and TPS60202 with low-battery detector Charge Pump 1 0° Oscillator 180° IN C1+ C1 C1– EN Charge Pump 2 Control Circuit C2+ _ C2– C2 + + VREF – Shutdown/ Start-Up Control OUT Auto– Discharge _ + _ LBI + + – 0.8* VIN + VREF – GND LBO TPS60201 and TPS60203 with power-good detector Charge Pump 1 0° Oscillator 180° IN C1+ C1 C1– EN Charge Pump 2 Control Circuit C2+ _ C2– C2 + + VREF – Shutdown/ Start-Up Control OUT Auto– Discharge _ + + – 0.8* VIN VREF GND POST OFFICE BOX 655303 Powered by ICminer.com Electronic-Library Service CopyRight 2003 _ + + – PG • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 3 TPS60200, TPS60201, TPS60202, TPS60203 REGULATED 3.3 V, 100-mA LOW-RIPPLE CHARGE PUMP LOW POWER DC/DC CONVERTERS SLVS274 – MARCH 2000 Terminal Functions TERMINAL NAME NO. I/O DESCRIPTION C1+ 4 Positive terminal of the flying capacitor C1 C1– 3 Negative terminal of the flying capacitor C1 C2+ 6 Positive terminal of the flying capacitor C2 C2– 8 Negative terminal of the flying capacitor C2 Device-enable input. Three operating modes can be programmed with the EN pin. EN 9 I – EN = Low disables the device. Output and input are isolated in the shutdown mode and the output capacitor is automatically discharged. – EN = High lets the device run from the internal oscillator. – If an external clock signal is applied to the EN pin, the device is in Sync–Mode and runs synchronized at the frequency of the external clock signal. GND 2 IN 7 I Ground Supply input. Bypass IN to GND with a capacitor of the same size as Co. LBI/GND 1 I Low-battery detector input for TPS60200 and TPS60202. A low-battery warning is generated at the LBO pin when the voltage on LBI drops below the threshold of 1.18 V. Connect LBI to GND if the low-battery detector function is not used. For the devices TPS60201 and TPS60203, this pin has to be connected to ground (GND pin). LBO/PG 10 O OUT 5 O Open-drain low-battery detector output for TPS60200 and TPS60202. This pin is pulled low if the voltage on LBI drops below the threshold of 1.18 V. A pullup resistor should be connected between LBO and OUT or any other logic supply rail that is lower than 3.6 V. Open-drain power-good detector output for TPS60201 and TPS60203. As soon as the voltage on OUT reaches about 90% of it is nominal value this pin goes active high. A pullup resistor should be connected between PG and OUT or any other logic supply rail that is lower than 3.6 V. Regulated 3.3-V power output. Bypass OUT to GND with the output filter capacitor Co. detailed description operating principle The TPS6020x charge pumps provide a regulated 3.3 V output from a 1.8 V to 3.6 V input. They deliver up to 100 mA load current while maintaining the output at 3.3 V ± 4%. Designed specifically for space critical battery powered applications, the complete converter requires only four external capacitors. The device is using the push-pull topology to achieve lowest output voltage ripple. The converter is also optimized for smallest board space. It makes use of small sized capacitors, with the highest output current rating per output capacitance and package size. The TPS6020x circuits consist of an oscillator, a 1.18 V voltage reference, an internal resistive feedback circuit, an error amplifier, two charge pump power stages with high current MOSFET switches, a shutdown/start-up circuit, a control circuit, and an auto-discharge transistor (see functional block diagrams). push-pull operating mode The two single-ended charge pump power stages operate in the so-called push-pull operating mode, i.e. they operate with a 180°C phase shift. Each single-ended charge pump transfers charge into its transfer capacitor (C1 or C2) in one half of the period. During the other half of the period (transfer phase), the transfer capacitor is placed in series with the input to transfer its charge to Co. While one single-ended charge pump is in the charge phase, the other one is in the transfer phase. This operation assures an almost constant output current which ensures a low output ripple. If the clock were to run continuously, this process would eventually generate an output voltage equal to two times the input voltage (hence the name voltage doubler). In order to provide a regulated fixed output voltage of 3.3 V, the TPS6020x devices use either pulse-skip or constant-frequency linear-regulation control mode. The mode is automatically selected based on the output current. If the load current is below the LinSkip current threshold, it switches into the power-saving pulse-skip mode to boost efficiency at low output power. 4 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 Powered by ICminer.com Electronic-Library Service CopyRight 2003 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TPS60200, TPS60201, TPS60202, TPS60203 REGULATED 3.3 V, 100-mA LOW-RIPPLE CHARGE PUMP LOW POWER DC/DC CONVERTERS SLVS274 – MARCH 2000 detailed description (continued) constant-frequency mode When the output current is higher then the LinSkip current threshold, the charge pump runs continuously at the switching frequency f(OSC). The control circuit, fed from the error amplifier, controls the charge on C1 and C2 by controlling the gates and hence the rDS(ON) of the integrated MOSFETs. When the output voltage decreases, the gate drive increases, resulting in a larger voltage across C1 and C2. This regulation scheme minimizes output ripple. Since the device switches continuously, the output signal contains well-defined frequency components, and the circuit requires smaller external capacitors for a given output ripple. However, constant-frequency mode, due to higher operating current, is less efficient at light loads. For this reason, the device switches seamlessly into the pulse-skip mode when the output current drops below the LinSkip current threshold. pulse-skip mode The regulator enters the pulse-skip mode when the output current is lower than the LinSkip current threshold of 7 mA. In the pulse-skip mode, the error amplifier disables switching of the power stages when it detects an output voltage higher than 3.3 V. The controller skips switching cycles until the output voltage drops below 3.3 V. Then the error amplifier reactivates the oscillator and switching of the power stages starts again. A 30 mV output voltage offset is introduced in this mode. The pulse-skip regulation mode minimizes operating current because it does not switch continuously and deactivates all functions except the voltage reference and error amplifier when the output is higher than 3.3 V. Even in pulse-skip mode the rDS(ON) of the MOSFETs is controlled. This way the energy per switching cycle that is transferred by the charge pump from the input to the output is limited to the minimum that is necessary to sustain a regulated output voltage, with the benefit that the output ripple is kept to a minimum. When switching is disabled from the error amplifier, the load is also isolated from the input. start up, shutdown, and auto-discharge During start-up, i.e. when EN is set from logic low to logic high, the output capacitor is directly connected to IN and charged up with a limited current until the output voltage VO reaches 0.8 × VI. When the start-up comparator detects this limit, the converter begins switching. This precharging of the output capacitor guarantees a short start-up time. In addition, the inrush current into an empty output capacitor is limited. The converter can start into a full load, which is defined by a 33-Ω or 66-Ω resistor, respectively. Driving EN low disables the converter. This disables all internal circuits and reduces the supply current to only 0.05 µA. The device exits shutdown once EN is set high. When the device is disabled, the load is isolated from the input. This is an important feature in battery operated products because it extends the products shelf life. Additionally, the output capacitor will automatically be discharged after EN is taken low. This ensures that the system, when switched off, is in a stable and reliable condition since the supply voltage is removed from the supply pins. synchronization to an external clock signal The operating frequency of the charge pump is limited to 400 kHz in order to avoid interference in the sensitive 455 kHz IF band. The device can either run from the integrated oscillator, or an external clock signal can be used to drive the charge pump. The maximum frequency of the external clock signal is 800 kHz. The switching frequency used internally to drive the charge pump power stages is half of the external clock frequency. The external clock signal is applied to the EN-pin. The device will switch off if the signal on EN is hold low for more than 10 µs. When the load current drops below the LinSkip current threshold, the devices will enter the pulse-skip mode but stay synchronized to the external clock signal. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 Powered by ICminer.com Electronic-Library Service CopyRight 2003 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 5 TPS60200, TPS60201, TPS60202, TPS60203 REGULATED 3.3 V, 100-mA LOW-RIPPLE CHARGE PUMP LOW POWER DC/DC CONVERTERS SLVS274 – MARCH 2000 detailed description (continued) low-battery detector (TPS60200 and TPS60202) The low-battery comparator trips at 1.18 V ± 4% when the voltage on pin LBI ramps down. The voltage V(TRIP) at which the low-battery warning is issued can be adjusted with a resistive divider as shown in Figure 2. The sum of resistors R1 and R2 is recommended to be in the 100 kΩ to 1 MΩ range. When choosing R1 and R2, be aware of the input leakage current into the LBI pin. LBO is an open drain output. An external pullup resistor to OUT, or any other voltage rail in the appropriate range, in the 100 kΩ to 1 MΩ range is recommended. During start-up, the LBO output signal is invalid for the first 500 µs. LBO is high impedance when the device is disabled. If the low-battery comparator function is not used, connect LBI to ground and leave LBO unconnected. The low-battery detector is disabled when the device is switched off. VO IN VBAT R3 R1 LBO LBI _ + VREF V (TRIP) ǒ Ǔ + 1.18 V 1 ) R1 R2 R2 + – Figure 2. Programming of the Low-Battery Comparator Trip Voltage A 100 nF ceramic capacitor should be connected in parallel to R2 if large line transients are expected. These voltage drops can inadvertently trigger the low-battery comparator and produce a wrong low-battery warning signal at the LBO pin. Formulas to calculate the resistive divider for low-battery detection, with VLBI = 1.13 V to 1.23 V and the sum of resistors R1 and R2 equal 1 MΩ: + 1 MW VVLBI Bat R1 + 1 MW * R2 (1) R2 (2) Formulas to calculate the minimum and maximum battery voltage: V V + VLBI(min) Bat(min) + VLBI(max) Bat(max) R1 (min) R2 R1 ) R2(max) (3) (max) (max) R2 ) R2(min) (4) (min) 6 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 Powered by ICminer.com Electronic-Library Service CopyRight 2003 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TPS60200, TPS60201, TPS60202, TPS60203 REGULATED 3.3 V, 100-mA LOW-RIPPLE CHARGE PUMP LOW POWER DC/DC CONVERTERS SLVS274 – MARCH 2000 detailed description (continued) Table 1. Recommended Values for the Resistive Divider From the E96 Series (±1%) VIN/V R1/kΩ R2/kΩ 750 VTRIP(MIN)/V 1.524 VTRIP(MAX)/V 1.677 1.6 267 1.7 301 1.8 340 681 1.620 1.785 649 1.710 1.887 1.9 2.0 374 619 1.799 1.988 402 576 1.903 2.106 power-good detector (TPS60201 and TPS60203) The power-good output is an open-drain output that pulls low when the output is out of regulation. When the output rises to within 90% of its nominal voltage, the power-good output is released. Power-good is high impedance in shutdown. In normal operation, an external pullup resistor must be connected between PG and OUT, or any other voltage rail in the appropriate range. The resistor should be in the 100 kΩ to 1 MΩ range. If the PG output is not used, it should remain unconnected. absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)† Voltage range: IN, OUT, EN, LBI, LBO, PG to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to 3.6 V C1+, C2+ to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to (VO + 0.3 V) C1–, C2– to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to (VI + 0.3 V) Continuous total power dissipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See dissipation rating table Continuous output current TPS60200, TPS60201 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 mA Continuous output current TPS60202, TPS60203 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 mA Storage temperature range, Tstg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –55°C to 150°C Maximum junction temperature, TJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150°C † Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. DISSIPATION RATING TABLE 1 FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE PACKAGE TA ≤ 25°C POWER RATING DGS 424 mW DERATING FACTOR ABOVE TA = 25°C 3.4 mW/_C TA = 70°C POWER RATING TA = 85°C POWER RATING 187 mW 136 mW The thermal resistance junction to ambient of the DGS package is RTH–JA = 294°C/W. recommended operating conditions MIN Input voltage range, VI Input capacitor, Ci Flying capacitors, C1, C2 Output capacitor, Co Operating junction temperature, TJ –40 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 Powered by ICminer.com Electronic-Library Service CopyRight 2003 NOM 1.6 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 MAX 3.6 UNIT V 2.2 µF 1 µF 2.2 µF 125 °C 7 TPS60200, TPS60201, TPS60202, TPS60203 REGULATED 3.3 V, 100-mA LOW-RIPPLE CHARGE PUMP LOW POWER DC/DC CONVERTERS SLVS274 – MARCH 2000 electrical characteristics at Ci= 2.2 µF, C1 = C2= 1 µF, Co = 2.2 µF, TA = –40°C to 85°C, VI = 2.4 V, EN = VI (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER IO(MAX) VO Maximum continuous output current Output voltage TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT TPS60200 and TPS60201, VI = 2 V 100 mA TPS60202 and TPS60203, VI = 2 V 50 mA 1.6 V < VI < 1.8 V, 0 < IO < 0.25 × IO(MAX) 3 1.8 V < VI < 2 V, 0 < IO < 0.5 × IO(MAX) 3.17 3.43 V 2 V < VI < 3.3 V, 0 < IO < IO(MAX) 3.17 3.43 V 3.3 V < VI < 3.6 V, 0 < IO < IO(MAX) 3.17 3.47 V V VPP I(Q) Output voltage ripple Quiescent current (no-load input current) IO = IO(MAX) IO = 0 mA, VI = 1.8 V to 3.6 V 5 I(SD) f(OSC) Shutdown supply current EN = 0 V 0.05 1 µA Internal switching frequency 200 300 400 kHz f(SYNC) External clock signal frequency 400 600 800 kHz 35 External clock signal duty cycle 70 30% mVPP µA 70% 0.3 × VI V 0.1 µA VIL VIH EN input low voltage EN input high voltage VI = 1.6 V to 3.6 V VI = 1.6 V to 3.6 V Ilkg(EN) EN input leakage current EN = 0 V or VI Output capacitor auto discharge time EN is set from VI to GND, Time until VO < 0.5V 0.6 ms Output resistance in shutdown EN = 0V 70 Ω LinSkip threshold VI = 2.2V 10 mA < IO < IO(MAX); TA = 25°C 2 V < VI < 3.3 V, IO = 0.5 x IO(MAX), TA = 25°C Output load regulation Output line regulation I(SC) Short circuit current 0.7 × VI V 0.01 VI = 2.4 V, 7 mA 0.01 %/mA 0.6 %/V 60 mA VO = 0 V electrical characteristics for low-battery comparator of devices TPS60200 and TPS60202 at TA = –40°C to 85°C, Vi = 2.4 V and EN = Vi (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER V(LBI) LBI trip voltage LBI trip voltage hysteresis II(LBI) VO(LBO) LBI input current TEST CONDITIONS MIN VI = 1.6V to 2.2V, Tc = 0°C to 70°C For rising voltage at LBI TYP 1.13 1.18 MAX 1.23 10 V(LBI) = 1.3 V V(LBI) = 0 V, 0.01 V mV 2 LBO output voltage low I(LBO) = 1 mA Ilkg(LBO) LBO leakage current V(LBI) = 1.3 V, V(LBO) = 3.3 V NOTE: During start-up of the converter the LBO output signal is invalid for the first 500 µs. UNIT 50 nA 0.4 V 0.1 µA electrical characteristics for power-good comparator of devices TPS60201 and TPS60203 at TA = –40°C to 85°C, Vi = 2.4 V and EN = Vi (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER V(PG) Vhys(PG) Power-good trip voltage VO(PG) Ilkg(PG) Power-good output voltage Low Power-good trip voltage hysteresis TEST CONDITIONS Tc = 0°C to 70°C VO decreasing, Tc = 0°C to 70°C I(PG) = 1 mA V(PG) = 3.3 V NOTE: During start-up of the converter the PG output signal is invalid for the first 500 µs. Power-good leakage current VO = 0V, VO = 3.3 V, 8 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 Powered by ICminer.com Electronic-Library Service CopyRight 2003 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 MIN TYP MAX UNIT 0.87 × VO 0.91 × VO 0.95 × VO V 1% 0.01 0.4 V 0.1 µA TPS60200, TPS60201, TPS60202, TPS60203 REGULATED 3.3 V, 100-mA LOW-RIPPLE CHARGE PUMP LOW POWER DC/DC CONVERTERS SLVS274 – MARCH 2000 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS Table of Graphs FIGURES η Efficiency vs Output current (TPS60200 and TPS60202) η Efficiency vs Input voltage 5 IQ Quiescent supply current vs Input voltage 6 VO Output voltage VO Output voltage ripple 3, 4 vs Output current (TPS60200 and TPS60202) 7, 8 vs Input voltage (TPS60200 and TPS60202) 9, 10 vs Time 11, 12, 13 Start-up timing 14 Load transient response 15 Line transient response 16 TPS60200 TPS60202 EFFICIENCY vs OUTPUT CURRENT EFFICIENCY vs OUTPUT CURRENT 100 100 90 90 80 80 70 70 Efficiency – % Efficiency – % IO Peak output current vs Input voltage (TPS60200) NOTE: All typical characteristics were measured using the typical application circuit of Figure 18 (unless otherwise noted). 60 VI = 1.8 V 50 VI = 2.4 V 40 VI = 2.7 V 30 60 50 VI = 2.4 V 30 20 10 10 1 VI = 1.8 V 40 20 0 0.1 10 100 1000 0 0.1 IO – Output Current – mA VI = 2.7 V 1 10 100 IO – Output Current – mA Figure 3 Figure 4 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 Powered by ICminer.com Electronic-Library Service CopyRight 2003 17 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 9 TPS60200, TPS60201, TPS60202, TPS60203 REGULATED 3.3 V, 100-mA LOW-RIPPLE CHARGE PUMP LOW POWER DC/DC CONVERTERS SLVS274 – MARCH 2000 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS TPS60200 QUIESCENT SUPPLY CURRENT vs INPUT VOLTAGE EFFICIENCY vs INPUT VOLTAGE 40 90 38 80 36 I – Quiescent Current – µ A Q 100 Efficiency – % 70 60 50 IO = 50 mA 40 30 34 32 30 28 26 20 24 10 22 0 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 VI – Input Voltage – V 3.2 IO = 0 mA 20 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.6 VI – Input Voltage – V Figure 6 Figure 5 TPS60200 TPS60202 OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs OUTPUT CURRENT OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs OUTPUT CURRENT 3.35 3.5 VI = 2.7 V 3.30 3.4 VO – Output Voltage – V VI = 3.6 V VO – Output Voltage – V VI = 3.6 V 3.3 3.2 VI = 1.8 V VI = 2.7 V 3.1 VI = 2.4 V 3.0 3.25 VI = 1.8 V VI = 2.4 V 3.20 3.15 3.10 3.05 3 2.9 1 10 100 1000 1 Figure 8 Figure 7 10 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 Powered by ICminer.com Electronic-Library Service CopyRight 2003 10 IO – Output Current – mA IO – Output Current – mA • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 100 TPS60200, TPS60201, TPS60202, TPS60203 REGULATED 3.3 V, 100-mA LOW-RIPPLE CHARGE PUMP LOW POWER DC/DC CONVERTERS SLVS274 – MARCH 2000 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS TPS60200 TPS60202 OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs INPUT VOLTAGE OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs INPUT VOLTAGE 3.4 3.35 3.30 1 mA 3.2 3.1 100 mA VO – Output Voltage – V VO – Output Voltage – V 3.3 50 mA 3.0 2.9 2.8 1 mA 3.25 3.20 25 mA 50 mA 3.15 3.10 3.05 2.7 1.6 2.0 3.2 2.4 2.8 VI – Input Voltage – V 3.00 1.6 3.6 2.0 3.2 3.6 Figure 10 Figure 9 TPS60200 TPS60200 OUTPUT VOLTAGE RIPPLE vs TIME OUTPUT VOLTAGE RIPPLE vs TIME 3.38 3.38 VI = 2.4 V IO = 1 mA 3.36 VI = 2.4 V IO = 10 mA 3.36 3.34 VO– Output Voltage – V 3.34 VO – Output Voltage – V 2.4 2.8 VI – Input Voltage – V 3.32 3.30 3.28 3.26 3.32 3.30 3.28 3.26 3.24 3.24 3.22 3.22 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 t – Time – µs 35 40 45 50 0 1 Figure 11 3 4 5 6 t – Time – µs 7 8 9 10 Figure 12 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 Powered by ICminer.com Electronic-Library Service CopyRight 2003 2 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 11 TPS60200, TPS60201, TPS60202, TPS60203 REGULATED 3.3 V, 100-mA LOW-RIPPLE CHARGE PUMP LOW POWER DC/DC CONVERTERS SLVS274 – MARCH 2000 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS TPS60200 OUTPUT VOLTAGE RIPPLE vs TIME START-UP TIMING 3.5 VI = 2.4 V IO = 100 mA 3.36 3 VO – Output Voltage – V 3.34 VO – Output Voltage – V 1400 3.32 3.30 3.28 VI = 2.4 V VO 1200 2.5 1000 II 2 800 1.5 600 1 3.26 0.5 3.24 0 400 EN 200 0 3.22 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 t – Time – µs 7 8 9 0 10 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 t – Time – µs Figure 14 TPS60200 LINE TRANSIENT RESPONSE VI = 2.4 V 3.30 3.28 3.26 VO – Output Voltage – V TPS60200 LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE 3.24 IO = 50 mA 3.32 3.30 3.28 VI – Input Voltage – V I O– Output Current – mA VO – Output Voltage – V Figure 13 100 mA 10 mA 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 t – Time – µs 3.26 2.8 V 2.2 V 0 1 Figure 15 12 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 Powered by ICminer.com Electronic-Library Service CopyRight 2003 2 3 4 5 6 t – Time – ms 7 Figure 16 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 8 9 10 I I – Input Current – mA 3.38 TPS60200, TPS60201, TPS60202, TPS60203 REGULATED 3.3 V, 100-mA LOW-RIPPLE CHARGE PUMP LOW POWER DC/DC CONVERTERS SLVS274 – MARCH 2000 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS TPS60200 PEAK OUTPUT CURRENT vs INPUT VOLTAGE 350 IO – Output Current – mA 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 VI – Input Voltage – V Figure 17 APPLICATION INFORMATION capacitor selection The TPS6020x devices require only four external capacitors to achieve a very low output voltage ripple. The capacitor values are closely linked to the required output current. Low ESR (< 0.1 Ω) capacitors should be used at input and output. In general, the transfer capacitors (C1 and C2) will be the smallest, a 1 µF value is recommended for maximum load operation. With smaller capacitor values, the maximum possible load current is reduced and the LinSkip threshold is lowered. The input capacitor improves system efficiency by reducing the input impedance. It also stabilizes the input current of the power source. The input capacitor should be chosen according to the power supply used and the distance from the power source to the converter IC. Ci is recommended to be about two to four times as large as the flying capacitors C1 and C2. The output capacitor (Co) should be at minimum the size of the input capacitor. The minimum required capacitance is 2.2 µF. Larger values will improve the load transient performance and will reduce the maximum output ripple voltage. Only ceramic capacitors are recommended for input, output, and flying capacitors. Depending on the material used to manufacture them, ceramic capacitors might lose their capacitance over temperature and voltage. Ceramic capacitors of type X7R or X5R material will keep their capacitance over temperature and voltage, whereas Z5U or Y5V-type capacitors will decrease in capacitance. Table 2 lists recommended capacitor values. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 Powered by ICminer.com Electronic-Library Service CopyRight 2003 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 13 TPS60200, TPS60201, TPS60202, TPS60203 REGULATED 3.3 V, 100-mA LOW-RIPPLE CHARGE PUMP LOW POWER DC/DC CONVERTERS SLVS274 – MARCH 2000 APPLICATION INFORMATION Table 2. Recommended Capacitor Values (Ceramic X5R and X7R) LOAD CURRENT, ILOAD (mA) FLYING CAPACITORS, C1/C2 (µF) INPUT CAPACITOR, CIN (µF) OUTPUT CAPACITOR, COUT (µF) OUTPUT VOLTAGE RIPPLE IN LINEAR MODE, VP-P (mV) OUTPUT VOLTAGE RIPPLE IN SKIP MODE, VP-P (mV) 0–100 1 2.2 2.2 3 20 0–100 1 4.7 4.7 3 10 0–100 1 2.2 10 3 7 0–100 2.2 4.7 4.7 3 10 0–50 0.47 2.2 2.2 3 20 0–25 0.22 2.2 2.2 5 15 0–10 0.1 2.2 2.2 5 15 Table 3. Recommended Capacitor Types MANUFACTURER Taiyo Yuden AVX PART NUMBER SIZE CAPACITANCE TYPE UMK212BJ104MG 0805 0.1 µF Ceramic EMK212BJ224MG 0805 0.22 µF Ceramic EMK212BJ474MG 0805 0.47 µF Ceramic LMK212BJ105KG 0805 1 µF Ceramic LMK212BJ225MG 0805 2.2 µF Ceramic EMK316BJ225KL 1206 2.2 µF Ceramic LMK316BJ475KL 1206 4.7 µF Ceramic JMK316BJ106ML 1206 10 µF Ceramic 0805ZC105KAT2A 0805 1 µF Ceramic 1206ZC225KAT2A 1206 2.2 µF Ceramic Table 4. Recommended Capacitor Manufacturers MANUFACTURER CAPACITOR TYPE INTERNET SITE Taiyo Yuden X7R/X5R ceramic http://www.t–yuden.com/ AVX X7R/X5R ceramic http://www.avxcorp.com/ 14 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 Powered by ICminer.com Electronic-Library Service CopyRight 2003 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TPS60200, TPS60201, TPS60202, TPS60203 REGULATED 3.3 V, 100-mA LOW-RIPPLE CHARGE PUMP LOW POWER DC/DC CONVERTERS SLVS274 – MARCH 2000 APPLICATION INFORMATION typical operating circuit TPS60200 and TPS60202 INPUT 1.6V to 3.6V Ci 2.2 µF 7 R1 1 R3 LBI LBO R2 4 C1 1 µF C1+ C2+ 3 C1– 9 EN C2– Ci 2.2 µF 7 R1 1 4 C1 0.47 µF OFF/ON 10 Low Battery Warning 6 8 C2 1 µF OUTPUT 3.3V, 50 mA TPS60202 5 IN OUT R3 LBI LBO R2 Co 2.2 µF GND 2 OFF/ON INPUT 1.6V to 3.6V OUTPUT 3.3V, 100 mA TPS60200 5 IN OUT C1+ C2+ 3 C1– 9 EN C2– Co 2.2 µF 10 Low Battery Warning 6 8 C2 0.47 µF GND 2 Figure 18. Typical Operating Circuit TPS60200 and TPS60202 With Low-Battery Detector POST OFFICE BOX 655303 Powered by ICminer.com Electronic-Library Service CopyRight 2003 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 15 TPS60200, TPS60201, TPS60202, TPS60203 REGULATED 3.3 V, 100-mA LOW-RIPPLE CHARGE PUMP LOW POWER DC/DC CONVERTERS SLVS274 – MARCH 2000 APPLICATION INFORMATION typical operating circuit TPS60201 and TPS60203 INPUT 1.6V to 3.6V 7 OUTPUT 3.3V, 100 mA TPS60201 5 IN OUT Ci 2.2 µF R1 PG 4 C1 1 µF C1+ C2+ 3 C1– 9 EN C2– 10 Power-Good Signal 6 8 C2 1 µF GND 1,2 OFF/ON INPUT 1.6V to 3.6V 7 OUTPUT 3.3V, 50 mA TPS60203 5 IN OUT Ci 2.2 µF R1 PG 4 C1 0.47 µF OFF/ON Co 2.2 µF C1+ C2+ 3 C1– 9 EN C2– Co 2.2 µF 10 Power-Good Signal 6 8 C2 0.47 µF GND 1,2 Figure 19. Typical Operating Circuit TPS60201 and TPS60203 With Power-Good Detector power dissipation The power dissipated in the TPS6020x devices depends mainly on input voltage and output current and is approximated by: P (DISS) + IO x ǒ Ǔ 2 x V – V I O for I (Q) tt IO (5) By observing equation 5, it can be seen that the power dissipation is worst for highest input voltage VI and highest output current IO. For an input voltage of 3.6 V and an output current of 100 mA the calculated power dissipation P(DISS) is 390 mW. This is also the point where the charge pump operates with its lowest efficiency. With the recommended maximum junction temperature of 125°C and an assumed maximum ambient operating temperature of 85°C, the maximum allowed thermal resistance junction to ambient of the system can be calculated. R QJA(max) + T J(MAX) * TA P DISS(max) * 85°C + 102°CńW + 125°C 390 mW 16 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 Powered by ICminer.com Electronic-Library Service CopyRight 2003 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 (6) TPS60200, TPS60201, TPS60202, TPS60203 REGULATED 3.3 V, 100-mA LOW-RIPPLE CHARGE PUMP LOW POWER DC/DC CONVERTERS SLVS274 – MARCH 2000 APPLICATION INFORMATION power dissipation (continued) PDISS must be less than that allowed by the package rating. The thermal resistance junction to ambient of the used 10-pin MSOP is 294°C/W for an unsoldered package. The thermal resistance junction to ambient with the IC soldered to a printed circuit using a board layout as described in the application information section, the RΘJA is typically 200°C/W, which is higher than the maximum value calculated above. However in a battery powered application, both VI and TA will typically be lower than the worst case ratings used in equation 6 , and power dissipation should not be a problem in most applications. layout and board space Careful board layout is necessary due to the high transient currents and switching frequency of the converter. All capacitors should be placed in close proximity to the device. A PCB layout proposal for a one-layer board is given in Figure 22. An evaluation module for the TPS60200 is available and can be ordered under product code TPS60200EVM–145. The EVM uses the layout shown in Figure 22. All components including the pins are shown. The EVM is built so that it can be connected to a 14-pin dual inline socket, therefore, the space needed for the IC, the external parts, and 8 pins is 17.9 mm x 10.2 mm = 182.6 mm2. Figure 20. Recommended Component Placement and Board Layout Table 5. Component Identification IC1 TPS60200 C1, C2 Flying capacitors C3 Input capacitors C4 Output capacitors C5 Stabilization capacitor for LBI R1, R2 Resistive divider for LBI R3 Pullup resistor for LBO R4 Pullup resistor for EN Capacitor C5 should be included if large line transients are expected. This capacitor suppresses toggling of the LBO due to these line changes. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 Powered by ICminer.com Electronic-Library Service CopyRight 2003 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 17 TPS60200, TPS60201, TPS60202, TPS60203 REGULATED 3.3 V, 100-mA LOW-RIPPLE CHARGE PUMP LOW POWER DC/DC CONVERTERS SLVS274 – MARCH 2000 APPLICATION INFORMATION device family products Other charge pump dc-dc converters in this family are: Table 6. Product Identification PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION TPS60100 2-cell to regulated 3.3-V, 200-mA low-noise charge pump TPS60101 2-cell to regulated 3.3-V, 100-mA low-noise charge pump TPS60110 3-cell to regulated 5.0-V, 300-mA low-noise charge pump TPS60111 3-cell to regulated 5.0-V, 150-mA low-noise charge pump TPS60120 2-cell to regulated 3.3-V, 200-mA high efficiency charge pump with low battery comparator TPS60121 2-cell to regulated 3.3-V, 200-mA high efficiency charge pump with power-good comparator TPS60122 2-cell to regulated 3.3-V, 100-mA high efficiency charge pump with low battery comparator TPS60123 2-cell to regulated 3.3-V, 100-mA high efficiency charge pump with power-good comparator TPS60130 3-cell to regulated 5.0-V, 300-mA high efficiency charge pump with low battery comparator TPS60131 3-cell to regulated 5.0-V, 300-mA high efficiency charge pump with power-good comparator TPS60132 3-cell to regulated 5.0-V, 150-mA high efficiency charge pump with low battery comparator TPS60133 3-cell to regulated 5.0-V, 150-mA high efficiency charge pump with power-good comparator TPS60140 2-cell to regulated 5.0-V, 100-mA charge pump voltage tripler with low battery comparator TPS60141 2-cell to regulated 5.0-V, 100-mA charge pump voltage tripler with power-good comparator 18 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 Powered by ICminer.com Electronic-Library Service CopyRight 2003 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TPS60200, TPS60201, TPS60202, TPS60203 REGULATED 3.3 V, 100-mA LOW-RIPPLE CHARGE PUMP LOW POWER DC/DC CONVERTERS SLVS274 – MARCH 2000 MECHANICAL DATA DGS (S-PDSO-G10) PLASTIC SMALL-OUTLINE PACKAGE 0,27 0,17 0,50 10 0,25 M 6 0,15 NOM 3,05 2,95 4,98 4,78 Gage Plane 0,25 1 0°– 6° 5 3,05 2,95 0,69 0,41 Seating Plane 1,07 MAX 0,15 0,05 0,10 4073272/A 03/98 NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in millimeters. B. This drawing is subject to change without notice. C. Body dimensions do not include mold flash or protrusion. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 Powered by ICminer.com Electronic-Library Service CopyRight 2003 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 19 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make changes to their products or to discontinue any product or service without notice, and advise customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify, before placing orders, that information being relied on is current and complete. All products are sold subject to the terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment, including those pertaining to warranty, patent infringement, and limitation of liability. TI warrants performance of its semiconductor products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with TI’s standard warranty. Testing and other quality control techniques are utilized to the extent TI deems necessary to support this warranty. Specific testing of all parameters of each device is not necessarily performed, except those mandated by government requirements. Customers are responsible for their applications using TI components. In order to minimize risks associated with the customer’s applications, adequate design and operating safeguards must be provided by the customer to minimize inherent or procedural hazards. TI assumes no liability for applications assistance or customer product design. TI does not warrant or represent that any license, either express or implied, is granted under any patent right, copyright, mask work right, or other intellectual property right of TI covering or relating to any combination, machine, or process in which such semiconductor products or services might be or are used. TI’s publication of information regarding any third party’s products or services does not constitute TI’s approval, warranty or endorsement thereof. Copyright 2000, Texas Instruments Incorporated Powered by ICminer.com Electronic-Library Service CopyRight 2003