SO-8 single/dual ® OPA237 OPA2237 OPA4237 SSOP-16 quad SOT-23-5 single MSOP dual SINGLE-SUPPLY OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS MicroAmplifier ™ Series FEATURES DESCRIPTION ● MICRO-SIZE, MINIATURE PACKAGES Single: SOT-23-5, SO-8 Dual: MSOP-8, SO-8 Quad: SSOP-16 The OPA237 op amp family is one of Burr-Brown’s MicroAmplifier series of miniature products. In addition to small size, these devices feature low offset voltage, low quiescent current, low bias current, and a wide supply range. Single, dual, and quad versions have identical specifications for maximum design flexibility. They are ideal for single supply, battery operated, and space-limited applications, such as PCMCIA cards and other portable instruments. OPA237 series op amps can operate from either single or dual supplies. When operated from a single supply, the input common-mode range extends below ground and the output can swing to within 10mV of ground. Dual and quad designs feature completely independent circuitry for lowest crosstalk and freedom from interaction. Single, dual, and quad are offered in space-saving surface-mount packages. The single version is available in the ultra-miniature 5-lead SOT-23-5 and SO-8 surface-mount. The dual version comes in a miniature MSOP-8 and SO-8 surface-mount. The quad is available in an SSOP-16. The SSOP-16 has the same body size as an SO-8 with 16 leads, while the MSOP-8 has the same lead count as a SO-8 but half the size. The SOT-23-5 is even smaller at one-fourth the size of an SO-8. All are specified for –40°C to +85°C operation. A macromodel is available for design analysis. ● LOW OFFSET VOLTAGE: 750µV max ● WIDE SUPPLY RANGE Single Supply: +2.7V to +36V Dual Supply: ±1.35V to ±18V ● LOW QUIESCENT CURRENT: 350µA max ● WIDE BANDWIDTH: 1.5MHz APPLICATIONS ● BATTERY POWERED INSTRUMENTS ● PORTABLE DEVICES ● PCMCIA CARDS ● MEDICAL INSTRUMENTS ● TEST EQUIPMENT OPA237 Out 1 V– 2 +In 3 5 V+ 4 –In OPA4237 SOT-23-5 OPA237 OPA2237 NC 1 8 NC Out A 1 –In 2 7 V+ –In A 2 +In 3 6 Output V– 4 5 NC SO-8 +In A 3 V– 4 A B Out A 1 V+ 7 Out B 6 –In B 5 +In B Out D –In A 2 15 –In D +In A 3 14 +In D A 8 16 D V+ 4 13 V– +In B 5 12 +In C –In B 6 11 –In C Out B 7 10 Out C NC 8 9 NC B C SO-8, MSOP-8 SSOP-16 InternationalAirportIndustrialPark • MailingAddress:POBox11400,Tucson,AZ85734 • StreetAddress:6730S.TucsonBlvd.,Tucson,AZ 85706 • Tel:(520)746-1111 • Twx:910-952-1111 Internet:http://www.burr-brown.com/ • FAXLine:(800)548-6133(US/CanadaOnly) • Cable:BBRCORP • Telex:066-6491 • FAX:(520)889-1510 • ImmediateProductInfo:(800)548-6132 © 1996 Burr-Brown Corporation SBOS057 PDS-1327B Printed in U.S.A. October, 1996 SPECIFICATIONS: VS = +5V At TA = +25°C, VS = +5V, RL = 10kΩ connected to VS/2, unless otherwise noted. OPA237UA, NA OPA2237UA, EA OPA4237UA PARAMETER CONDITION OFFSET VOLTAGE Input Offset Voltage vs Temperature(1) vs Power Supply (PSRR) Channel Separation (dual and quad) INPUT BIAS CURRENT Input Bias Current(2) Input Offset Current MIN TYP MAX UNITS VCM = 2.5V Specified Temperature Range VS = +2.7V to +36V ±250 ±2 10 0.5 ±750 ±5 30 µV µV/°C µV/V µV/V VCM = 2.5V VCM = 2.5V –10 ±0.5 –40 ±10 nA nA NOISE Input Voltage Noise, f = 0.1 to 10Hz Input Voltage Noise Density, f = 1kHz Current Noise Density, f = 1kHz INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE Common-Mode Voltage Range Common-Mode Rejection VCM = –0.2V to 3.5V –0.2 78 INPUT IMPEDANCE Differential Common-Mode OPEN-LOOP GAIN Open-Loop Voltage Gain FREQUENCY RESPONSE Gain-Bandwidth Product Slew Rate Settling Time: 0.1% 0.01% OUTPUT Voltage Output, Positive Negative Positive Negative Positive Negative Short-Circuit Current Capacitive Load Drive (stable operation) µVp-p nV/√Hz fA/√Hz 1 28 60 VO = 0.5V to 4V 80 G=1 G = –1, 3V Step, CL = 100pF G = –1, 3V Step, CL = 100pF RL = 100kΩ to Ground RL = 100kΩ to Ground RL = 100kΩ to 2.5V RL = 100kΩ to 2.5V RL = 10kΩ to 2.5V RL = 10kΩ to 2.5V POWER SUPPLY Specified Operating Voltage Operating Range Quiescent Current (per amplifier) (V+) –1 0.01 (V+) –1 0.12 (V+) –1 0.5 86 (V+) –1.5 V dB 5 • 106 || 4 5 • 109 || 2 Ω || pF Ω || pF 88 dB 1.4 0.5 11 16 MHz V/µs µs µs (V+) –0.75 0.001 (V+) –0.75 0.04 (V+) –0.75 0.35 –10/+4 See Typical Curves V V V V V V mA +5 +2.7 170 TEMPERATURE RANGE Specified Range Operating Range Storage Thermal Resistance, θJA 5-Lead SOT-23-5 MSOP-8 Surface-Mount SSOP-16 Surface-Mount SO-8 Surface-Mount –40 –55 –55 200 150 150 150 +36 350 V V µA +85 +125 +125 °C °C °C °C/W °C/W °C/W °C/W NOTES: (1) Guaranteed by wafer-level test to 95% confidence. (2) Positive conventional current flows into the input terminals. The information provided herein is believed to be reliable; however, BURR-BROWN assumes no responsibility for inaccuracies or omissions. BURR-BROWN assumes no responsibility for the use of this information, and all use of such information shall be entirely at the user’s own risk. Prices and specifications are subject to change without notice. No patent rights or licenses to any of the circuits described herein are implied or granted to any third party. BURR-BROWN does not authorize or warrant any BURR-BROWN product for use in life support devices and/or systems. ® OPA237, 2237, 4237 2 SPECIFICATIONS: VS = +2.7V At TA = +25°C, VS = +2.7V, RL = 10kΩ connected to VS/2, unless otherwise noted. OPA237UA, NA OPA2237UA, EA OPA4237UA PARAMETER OFFSET VOLTAGE Input Offset Voltage vs Temperature(1) vs Power Supply (PSRR) Channel Separation (dual and quad) INPUT BIAS CURRENT Input Bias Current(2) Input Offset Current CONDITION MIN TYP MAX UNITS VCM = 1V Specified Temperature Range VS = +2.7V to +36V ±250 ±2 10 0.5 ±750 ±5 30 µV µV/°C µV/V µV/V VCM = 1V VCM = 1V –10 ±0.5 –40 ±10 nA nA NOISE Input Voltage Noise, f = 0.1 to 10Hz Input Voltage Noise Density, f = 1kHz Current Noise Density, f = 1kHz INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE Common-Mode Voltage Range Common-Mode Rejection VCM = –0.2V to 1.2V –0.2 75 INPUT IMPEDANCE Differential Common-Mode OPEN-LOOP GAIN Open-Loop Voltage Gain FREQUENCY RESPONSE Gain-Bandwidth Product Slew Rate Settling Time: 0.1% 0.01% OUTPUT Voltage Output, Positive Negative Positive Negative Positive Negative Short-Circuit Current Capacitive Load Drive (stable operation) µVp-p nV/√Hz fA/√Hz 1 28 60 VO = 0.5V to 1.7V 80 G=1 G = –1, 1V Step, CL = 100pF G = –1, 1V Step, CL = 100pF RL = 100kΩ to Ground RL = 100kΩ to Ground RL = 100kΩ to 1.35V RL = 100kΩ to 1.35V RL = 10kΩ to 1.35V RL = 10kΩ to 1.35V POWER SUPPLY Specified Operating Voltage Operating Range Quiescent Current (per amplifier) (V+) –1 0.01 (V+) –1 0.06 (V+) –1 0.3 85 (V+) –1.5 V dB 5 • 106 || 4 5 • 109 || 2 Ω || pF Ω || pF 88 dB 1.2 0.5 5 8 MHz V/µs µs µs (V+) –0.75 0.001 (V+) –0.75 0.02 (V+) –0.75 0.2 –5/+3.5 See Typical Curves V V V V V V mA +2.7 +2.7 160 TEMPERATURE RANGE Specified Range Operating Range Storage Thermal Resistance, θJA 5-Lead SOT-23-5 MSOP-8 Surface-Mount SSOP-16 Surface-Mount SO-8 Surface-Mount –40 –55 –55 +36 350 V V µA +85 +125 +125 °C °C °C 200 150 150 150 °C/W °C/W °C/W °C/W NOTES: (1) Guaranteed by wafer-level test to 95% confidence. (2) Positive conventional current flows into the input terminals. ® 3 OPA237, 2237, 4237 SPECIFICATIONS: VS = ±15V At TA = +25°C, VS = ±15V, RL = 10kΩ connected to VS/2, unless otherwise noted. OPA237UA, NA OPA2237UA, EA OPA4237UA PARAMETER CONDITION OFFSET VOLTAGE Input Offset Voltage vs Temperature(1) vs Power Supply (PSRR) Channel Separation (dual and quad) INPUT BIAS CURRENT Input Bias Current(2) Input Offset Current MIN TYP MAX UNITS VCM = 0V Specified Temperature Range VS = ±1.35V to ±18V ±350 ±2.5 10 0.5 ±950 ±7 30 µV µV/°C µV/V µV/V VCM = 0V VCM = 0V –8.5 ±0.5 –40 ±10 nA nA NOISE Input Voltage Noise, f = 0.1 to 10Hz Input Voltage Noise Density, f = 1kHz Current Noise Density, f = 1kHz INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE Common-Mode Voltage Range Common-Mode Rejection VCM = –15V to 13.5V (V–) –0.2 80 INPUT IMPEDANCE Differential Common-Mode OPEN-LOOP GAIN Open-Loop Voltage Gain FREQUENCY RESPONSE Gain-Bandwidth Product Slew Rate Settling Time: 0.1% 0.01% OUTPUT Voltage Output, Positive Negative Positive Negative Short-Circuit Current Capacitive Load Drive (stable operation) VO = –14V to 13.8V 80 G=1 G = –1, 10V Step, CL = 100pF G = –1, 10V Step, CL = 100pF RL = 100kΩ RL = 100kΩ RL = 10kΩ RL = 10kΩ POWER SUPPLY Specified Operating Voltage Operating Range Quiescent Current (per amplifier) (V+) –1.2 (V–) +0.5 (V+) –1.2 (V–) +1 ±1.35 TEMPERATURE RANGE Specified Range Operating Range Storage Thermal Resistance, θJA 5-Lead SOT-23-5 MSOP-8 Surface-Mount SSOP-16 Surface-Mount SO-8 Surface-Mount 90 (V+) –1.5 V dB 5 • 106 || 4 5 • 109 || 2 Ω || pF Ω || pF 88 dB 1.5 0.5 18 21 MHz V/µs µs µs (V+) –0.9 (V–) +0.3 (V+) –0.9 (V–) +0.85 –8/+4.5 See Typical Curves V V V V mA ±15 ±200 –40 –55 –55 200 150 150 150 NOTES: (1) Guaranteed by wafer-level test to 95% confidence. (2) Positive conventional current flows into the input terminals. ® OPA237, 2237, 4237 µVp-p nV/√Hz fA/√Hz 1 28 60 4 ±18 ±475 V V µA +85 +125 +125 °C °C °C °C/W °C/W °C/W °C/W ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE SENSITIVITY Supply Voltage, V+ to V– ..................................................................... 36V Input Voltage ....................................................... (V–) –0.7V to (V+) +0.7V Output Short-Circuit(1) ....................................................................................... Continuous Operating Temperature ................................................... –40°C to +125°C Storage Temperature ...................................................... –55°C to +125°C Junction Temperature .................................................................... +150°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................................. 300°C This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Burr-Brown recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage. NOTE: (1) Short circuit to ground, one amplifier per package. ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be more susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published specifications. PACKAGE/ORDERING INFORMATION PRODUCT PACKAGE PACKAGE DRAWING NUMBER(1) Single OPA237NA 5-Lead SOT-23-5 331 –40°C to +85°C A37A " " " " " OPA237UA SO-8 Surface-Mount 182 –40°C to +85°C OPA237UA Dual OPA2237EA MSOP-8 Surface-Mount 337 –40°C to +85°C B37A " " " " " OPA2237UA SO-8 Surface-Mount 182 –40°C to +85°C OPA2237UA Quad OPA4237UA SSOP-16 Surface-Mount 322 –40°C to +85°C OPA4237UA " " " " " TEMPERATURE RANGE PACKAGE MARKING ORDERING NUMBER(2) OPA237NA-250 OPA237NA-3K OPA237UA OPA2237EA-250 OPA2237EA-2500 OPA2237UA OPA4237UA-250 OPA4237UA-2500 NOTE: (1) For detailed drawing and dimension table, please see end of data sheet, or Appendix C of Burr-Brown IC Data Book. (2) Models with -250, -2500, and -3K are available only in Tape and Reel in the quantity indicated (e.g., -250 indicates 250 devices per reel). Ordering 3000 pieces of “OPA237NA-3K” will get a single 3000 piece Tape and Reel. SO-8 models are available in tubes or Tape and Reel. For detailed Tape and Reel mechanical information, refer to Appendix B of Burr-Brown IC Data Book. ® 5 OPA237, 2237, 4237 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES At TA = +25°C and RL = 10kΩ, unless otherwise noted. POWER SUPPLY and COMMON-MODE REJECTION vs FREQUENCY OPEN-LOOP GAIN/PHASE vs FREQUENCY 100 120 CL = 100pF G +PSR (VS = +5V, ±15V) 0 –45 Φ VS = ±15V 40 –90 20 –135 0 PSR, CMR (dB) 60 100 Phase (°) Voltage Gain (dB) 80 –180 VS = +2.7V, +5V CMR (VS = +2.7V, +5V or ±15V) 80 60 40 +PSR (VS = +2.7V) –PSR (VS = ±15V) 20 –20 0 10 1 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 10 100 1k Frequency (Hz) INPUT NOISE AND CURRENT NOISE SPECTRAL DENSITY vs FREQUENCY 1M 10M CHANNEL SEPARATION vs FREQUENCY Channel Separation (dB) Voltage Noise (nV/√Hz) Current Noise (fA/√Hz) 100k 130 1k Current Noise 100 120 110 100 90 Voltage Noise 80 10 10 1 100 1k 10k Dual and quad devices. G = 1, all channels. Quad measured channel A to D or B to C—other combinations yield improved rejection. 10 100k 100 1k Frequency (Hz) 10k 100k Frequency (Hz) INPUT BIAS CURRENT vs INPUT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE INPUT BIAS CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE –12 14 –11 12 Input Bias Current (nA) Input Bias Current (nA) 10k Frequency (Hz) VS = +2.7V, +5V 10 8 VS = ±15V 6 VS = +5V VS = +2.7V –10 –9 VS = ±15V –8 –7 –6 4 –75 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 –15 125 ® OPA237, 2237, 4237 –10 –5 0 5 Common-Mode Voltage (V) Temperature (°C) 6 10 15 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES (CONT) At TA = +25°C and RL = 10kΩ, unless otherwise noted. OFFSET VOLTAGE PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION OFFSET VOLTAGE PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION 9 VS = +2.7V, +5V 8 7.5 5 2.5 0.2% 0.4% 0.7% 5 4 3 2 0.1% 0.1% 0 –950 –850 –750 –650 –550 –450 –350 –250 –150 –50 50 150 250 350 450 550 650 750 850 950 750 650 550 450 350 250 50 150 –50 –150 –250 –450 –550 –650 –750 –350 Offset Voltage (µV) Offset Voltage (µV) OFFSET VOLTAGE DRIFT PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION OFFSET VOLTAGE DRIFT PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION 30 16 Typical production distribution of packaged units. Single, dual, and quad units included. 25 20 15 10 5 0.2% Typical production distribution of packaged units. Single, dual, and quad units included. VS = +5V 14 Percent of Amplifiers (%) VS = +2.7V 12 10 8 6 4 0.6% 0.2% 0.4% 2 0.2% 0 0.2% Typical production distribution of packaged units. Single, dual, and quad units included. AOL, CMR, PSR (dB) 6 4 2 8 7 7.5 6 6.5 5 5.5 4 4.5 3 CMR AOL PSR 110 8 0.2% 0.4% 3.5 AOL, CMR, PSR vs TEMPERATURE 120 12 VS = ±15V 2 Offset Voltage Drift (µV/°C) OFFSET VOLTAGE DRIFT PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION 10 2.5 1 0.5 11.5 10.5 9.5 8.5 7.5 6.5 5.5 4.5 3.5 2.5 1.5 0.5 0 Offset Voltage Drift (µV/°C) VS = +2.7V, +5V, ±15V 100 VS = ±15V VS = +2.7V, +5V 90 80 VS = +2.7V, +5V 70 0.4% VS = ±15V 60 –75 8 7.5 7 6 6.5 5.5 5 4 4.5 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0 0.5 Percent of Amplifiers (%) VS = ±15V 6 1 0 Percent of Amplifiers (%) 7 Typical production distribution of packaged units. Single, dual, and quad units included. 1.5 10 Typical production distribution of packaged units. Single, dual, and quad units included. Percent of Amplifiers (%) Percent of Amplifiers (%) 12.5 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 Temperature (°C) Offset Voltage Drift (µV/°C) ® 7 OPA237, 2237, 4237 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES (CONT) At TA = +25°C and RL = 10kΩ, unless otherwise noted. SMALL-SIGNAL STEP RESPONSE G = 1, C L = 100pF, VS = +5V 20mV/div 20mV/div SMALL-SIGNAL STEP RESPONSE G = 1, CL = 220pF, VS = +5V 2µs/div 1µs/div LARGE-SIGNAL STEP RESPONSE G = 1, C L = 100pF, VS = +5V SETTLING TIME vs GAIN 100 VS = ±15V, 10V Step 1V/div Settling Time (µs) VS = +5V, 3V Step 10 VS = +2.7V, 1V Step 0.01% 0.1% 1 –1 10µs/div –10 –100 Gain (V/V) SMALL-SIGNAL OVERSHOOT vs LOAD CAPACITANCE OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING vs OUTPUT CURRENT 70 V+ (V+) –1 +25°C (V+) –1.5 (V+) –2 +125°C +125°C Sinking Current (V–) +1.5 50 –55°C (V–) +2 (V–) +1 +125°C 0 1 30 10 +25°C V– 40 20 –55°C (V–) +0.5 G = +1, VS = +2.7V, +5V G = +1, VS = ±15V G = –1, VS = +2.7V, +5V G = –1, VS = ±15V G = –2, VS = +2.7V, +5V G = –2, VS = ±15V G = –10, VS = +2.7V, +5V, ±15V 60 Sourcing Current Overshoot (%) Output Voltage Swing (V) (V+) –0.5 0 2 3 4 10 5 1k Load Capacitance (pF) Output Current (mA) ® OPA237, 2237, 4237 100 8 10k TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES (CONT) At TA = +25°C and RL = 10kΩ, unless otherwise noted. MAXIMUM OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs FREQUENCY QUIESCENT CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE 30 300 Quiescent Current (µA) VS = ±15V Maximum output voltage without slew-rate induced distortion 20 15 10 VS = +5V 5 VS = ±15V 250 200 150 VS = +5V VS = +2.7V 100 VS = +2.7V 0 50 1k 10k 100k 1M –75 –50 –25 Frequency (Hz) 0 25 50 75 100 125 Temperature (°C) SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE 12 Short-Circuit Current (mA) Output Voltage (Vp-p) 25 VS = +5V 10 8 VS = ±15V VS = +2.7V 6 _ ISC 4 + ISC 2 VS = ±15V VS = +2.7V VS = +5V 0 –75 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 Temperature (°C) ® 9 OPA237, 2237, 4237 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION +5V supply with a 10kΩ load to VS/2 is used. OPA237 series op amps remain stable with capacitive loads up to 4,000pF, if sinking current and up to 10,000pF, if sourcing current. Furthermore, in single supply applications where the load is connected to ground, the op amp is only sourcing current, and as shown in Figure 1, can drive 10,000pF with output currents up to 1.5mA. OPA237 series op amps are unity-gain stable and suitable for a wide range of general-purpose applications. Power supply pins should be bypassed with 10nF ceramic capacitors. OPERATING VOLTAGE OPA237 series op amps operate from single (+2.7V to +36V) or dual (±1.35V to ±18V) supplies with excellent performance. Most behavior remains unchanged throughout the full operating voltage range. Parameters which vary significantly with operating voltage are shown in typical performance curves. Specifications are production tested with +2.7V, +5V, and ±15V supplies. 100k Capacitive Load (pF) OPERATION NOT RECOMMENDED OUTPUT CURRENT AND STABILITY OPA237 series op amps can drive large capacitive loads. However, under certain limited output conditions any op amp may become unstable. Figure 1 shows the region where the OPA237 has a potential for instability. These load conditions are rarely encountered, especially for single supply applications. For example, take the case when a 10k 1k VS = +5V, ±15V 100 VS = +2.7V 10 –1.5 –2 –1 –0.5 0 0.5 1 To Load R5 383kΩ IH High-Side Current Sense R3 38.3kΩ V+ –In A1 +In OPA237 V+ for A1, A2 R4 20kΩ R2 19.1kΩ Out VO = 10 • IH • RH V– + 2.7V to ±15V R2 and R4 divide down the common-mode input to A1. R8 100kΩ V– for A1, A2 V+ –In A2 +In OPA237 V– R7 9.09kΩ R6 10kΩ RL 10Ω Out VO = 10 • IL • RL Low-Side Current Sense Common-mode range of A2 extends to V– for low-side sensing. Optional for IB Cancellation (R7 = R6 II R8) To Load IL NOTE: Low and high-side sensing circuits can be used independently. FIGURE 2. Low and High-Side Battery Current Sensing. ® OPA237, 2237, 4237 2 FIGURE 1. Stability-Capacitive Load vs Output Current. RH 10Ω R1 38.3kΩ 1.5 Output Current (mA) 10 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make changes to their products or to discontinue any product or service without notice, and advise customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify, before placing orders, that information being relied on is current and complete. All products are sold subject to the terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment, including those pertaining to warranty, patent infringement, and limitation of liability. TI warrants performance of its semiconductor products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with TI’s standard warranty. Testing and other quality control techniques are utilized to the extent TI deems necessary to support this warranty. Specific testing of all parameters of each device is not necessarily performed, except those mandated by government requirements. Customers are responsible for their applications using TI components. In order to minimize risks associated with the customer’s applications, adequate design and operating safeguards must be provided by the customer to minimize inherent or procedural hazards. TI assumes no liability for applications assistance or customer product design. TI does not warrant or represent that any license, either express or implied, is granted under any patent right, copyright, mask work right, or other intellectual property right of TI covering or relating to any combination, machine, or process in which such semiconductor products or services might be or are used. TI’s publication of information regarding any third party’s products or services does not constitute TI’s approval, warranty or endorsement thereof. Copyright 2000, Texas Instruments Incorporated