CONSONANCE VS1003B-L

VS1003
VS1003 - MP3/WMA AUDIO CODEC
Features
Description
• Decodes MPEG 1 & 2 audio layer III
(CBR +VBR +ABR); WMA 4.0/4.1/7/8/9
all profiles (5-384kbit/s); WAV (PCM +
IMA ADPCM); General MIDI / SP-MIDI
files
• Encodes IMA ADPCM from microphone
or line input
• Streaming support for MP3 and WAV
• Bass and treble controls
• Operates with a single 12..13 MHz clock
• Internal PLL clock multiplier
• Low-power operation
• High-quality on-chip stereo DAC with no
phase error between channels
• Stereo earphone driver capable of driving a 30Ω load
• Separate operating voltages for analog,
digital and I/O
• 5.5 KiB On-chip RAM for user code /
data
• Serial control and data interfaces
• Can be used as a slave co-processor
• SPI flash boot for special applications
• UART for debugging purposes
• New functions may be added with software and 4 GPIO pins
mic
audio
line
audio
GPIO
VS1003 is a single-chip MP3/WMA/MIDI audio decoder and ADPCM encoder. It contains
a high-performance, proprietary low-power DSP
processor core VS_DSP4 , working data memory, 5 KiB instruction RAM and 0.5 KiB data
RAM for user applications, serial control and
input data interfaces, 4 general purpose I/O
pins, an UART, as well as a high-quality variablesample-rate mono ADC and stereo DAC, followed by an earphone amplifier and a common buffer.
VS1003 receives its input bitstream through
a serial input bus, which it listens to as a
system slave. The input stream is decoded
and passed through a digital volume control
to an 18-bit oversampling, multi-bit, sigmadelta DAC. The decoding is controlled via a
serial control bus. In addition to the basic decoding, it is possible to add application specific features, like DSP effects, to the user
RAM memory.
VS1003
MIC AMP
Mono
ADC
MUX
Stereo
DAC
Stereo Ear−
phone Driver
audio
L
R
output
4
GPIO
X ROM
DREQ
SO
SI
SCLK
XCS
Serial
Data/
Control
Interface
X RAM
4
VSDSP
XDCS
Y ROM
RX
TX
UART
Clock
multiplier
Y RAM
Instruction
RAM
Version: 1.05, 2011-04-13
Instruction
ROM
1
VS1003
CONTENTS
Contents
VS1003
1
Table of Contents
2
List of Figures
5
1 Licenses
6
2 Disclaimer
6
3 Definitions
6
4 Characteristics & Specifications
4.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings . . . . . . . . .
4.2 Recommended Operating Conditions . . . .
4.3 Analog Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.4 Power Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.5 Digital Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.6 Switching Characteristics - Boot Initialization
4.7 Typical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.7.1 Line input ADC . . . . . . . . . .
4.7.2 Microphone input ADC . . . . . .
4.7.3 RIGHT and LEFT outputs . . . .
5 Packages and Pin Descriptions
5.1 Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.1.1 LQFP-48 . . . . . . . . . . .
5.1.2 BGA-49 . . . . . . . . . . .
5.2 LQFP-48 and BGA-49 Pin Descriptions
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6 Connection Diagram, LQFP-48
16
7 SPI Buses
7.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.2 SPI Bus Pin Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.2.1 VS1002 Native Modes (New Mode) . . . . . . . .
7.2.2 VS1001 Compatibility Mode . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.3 Data Request Pin DREQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.4 Serial Protocol for Serial Data Interface (SDI) . . . . . . . .
7.4.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.4.2 SDI in VS1002 Native Modes (New Mode) . . . .
7.4.3 SDI in VS1001 Compatibility Mode . . . . . . . .
7.4.4 Passive SDI Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.5 Serial Protocol for Serial Command Interface (SCI) . . . . .
7.5.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.5.2 SCI Read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.5.3 SCI Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.6 SPI Timing Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.7 SPI Examples with SM_SDINEW and SM_SDISHARED set
7.7.1 Two SCI Writes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
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20
20
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22
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Version: 1.05, 2011-04-13
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2
VS1003
7.7.2
7.7.3
CONTENTS
Two SDI Bytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SCI Operation in Middle of Two SDI Bytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
23
8 Functional Description
8.1 Main Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.2 Supported Audio Codecs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.2.1 Supported MP3 (MPEG layer III) Formats
8.2.2 Supported WMA Formats . . . . . . . . .
8.2.3 Supported RIFF WAV Formats . . . . . . .
8.2.4 Supported MIDI Formats . . . . . . . . . .
8.3 Data Flow of VS1003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.4 Serial Data Interface (SDI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.5 Serial Control Interface (SCI) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6 SCI Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6.1 SCI_MODE (RW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6.2 SCI_STATUS (RW) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6.3 SCI_BASS (RW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6.4 SCI_CLOCKF (RW) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6.5 SCI_DECODE_TIME (RW) . . . . . . . .
8.6.6 SCI_AUDATA (RW) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6.7 SCI_WRAM (RW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6.8 SCI_WRAMADDR (W) . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6.9 SCI_HDAT0 and SCI_HDAT1 (R) . . . . .
8.6.10 SCI_AIADDR (RW) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6.11 SCI_VOL (RW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6.12 SCI_AICTRL[x] (RW) . . . . . . . . . . . .
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24
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37
37
9 Operation
9.1 Clocking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9.2 Hardware Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9.3 Software Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9.4 ADPCM Recording . . . . . . . . . . .
9.4.1 Activating ADPCM mode . .
9.4.2 Reading IMA ADPCM Data
9.4.3 Adding a RIFF Header . . .
9.4.4 Playing ADPCM Data . . . .
9.4.5 Sample Rate Considerations
9.4.6 Example Code . . . . . . . .
9.5 SPI Boot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9.6 Play/Decode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9.7 Feeding PCM data . . . . . . . . . . .
9.8 SDI Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9.8.1 Sine Test . . . . . . . . . . .
9.8.2 Pin Test . . . . . . . . . . .
9.8.3 Memory Test . . . . . . . . .
9.8.4 SCI Test . . . . . . . . . . .
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38
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45
45
10 VS1003 Registers
10.1 Who Needs to Read This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.2 The Processor Core . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.3 VS1003 Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46
46
46
46
Version: 1.05, 2011-04-13
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3
VS1003
10.4 SCI Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.5 Serial Data Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.6 DAC Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.7 GPIO Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.8 Interrupt Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.9 A/D Modulator Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.10 Watchdog v1.0 2002-08-26 . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.10.1 Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.11 UART v1.0 2002-04-23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.11.1 Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.11.2 Status UARTx_STATUS . . . . . . .
10.11.3 Data UARTx_DATA . . . . . . . . . .
10.11.4 Data High UARTx_DATAH . . . . . .
10.11.5 Divider UARTx_DIV . . . . . . . . . .
10.11.6 Interrupts and Operation . . . . . . .
10.12 Timers v1.0 2002-04-23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.12.1 Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.12.2 Configuration TIMER_CONFIG . . .
10.12.3 Configuration TIMER_ENABLE . . .
10.12.4 Timer X Startvalue TIMER_Tx[L/H] .
10.12.5 Timer X Counter TIMER_TxCNT[L/H]
10.12.6 Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.13 System Vector Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.13.1 AudioInt, 0x20 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.13.2 SciInt, 0x21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.13.3 DataInt, 0x22 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.13.4 ModuInt, 0x23 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.13.5 TxInt, 0x24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.13.6 RxInt, 0x25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.13.7 Timer0Int, 0x26 . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.13.8 Timer1Int, 0x27 . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.13.9 UserCodec, 0x0 . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.14 System Vector Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.14.1 WriteIRam(), 0x2 . . . . . . . . . . .
10.14.2 ReadIRam(), 0x4 . . . . . . . . . . .
10.14.3 DataBytes(), 0x6 . . . . . . . . . . .
10.14.4 GetDataByte(), 0x8 . . . . . . . . . .
10.14.5 GetDataWords(), 0xa . . . . . . . . .
10.14.6 Reboot(), 0xc . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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CONTENTS
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46
47
48
48
49
50
51
51
52
52
52
53
53
53
54
55
55
55
56
56
56
56
57
57
57
57
57
58
58
58
58
59
59
59
59
60
60
60
60
11 Document Version Changes
61
12 Contact Information
62
Version: 1.05, 2011-04-13
4
VS1003
LIST OF FIGURES
List of Figures
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Measured ADC performance of the LINEIN pin. X-axis is rms amplitude of 1 kHz
sine input. Curves are unweighted signal-to-noise ratio (blue), A-weighted signalto-noise ratio (green), and unweighted signal-to-distortion ratio (red). Sampling
rate of ADC is 48 kHz (master clock 12.288 MHz), noise calculated from 0 to
20 kHz. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Measured ADC performance of the MIC pins (differential). Other settings same
as in Fig. 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Measured performance of RIGHT (or LEFT) output with 1 kHz generated sine.
Sampling rate of DAC is 48 kHz (master clock 12.288 MHz), noise calculated
from 0 to 20 kHz. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Typical spectrum of RIGHT (or LEFT) output with maximum level and 30 Ohm
load. Setup is the same is in Fig. 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pin Configuration, LQFP-48. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pin Configuration, BGA-49. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Typical Connection Diagram Using LQFP-48. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BSYNC Signal - one byte transfer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BSYNC Signal - two byte transfer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SCI Word Read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SCI Word Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SPI Timing Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Two SCI Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Two SDI Bytes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Two SDI Bytes Separated By an SCI Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data Flow of VS1003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ADPCM Frequency Responses with 8kHz sample rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
User’s Memory Map. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RS232 Serial Interface Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Version: 1.05, 2011-04-13
10
11
11
12
12
13
16
19
19
20
20
21
22
22
23
28
31
47
52
5
VS1003
1
3
DEFINITIONS
Licenses
MPEG Layer-3 audio decoding technology licensed from Fraunhofer IIS and Thomson.
VS1003 contains WMA decoding technology from Microsoft.
This product is protected by certain intellectual property rights of Microsoft and cannot
be used or further distributed without a license from Microsoft.
2
Disclaimer
All properties and figures are subject to change.
3
Definitions
B Byte, 8 bits.
b Bit.
Ki “Kibi” = 210 = 1024 (IEC 60027-2).
Mi “Mebi” = 220 = 1048576 (IEC 60027-2).
VS_DSP VLSI Solution’s DSP core.
W Word. In VS_DSP, instruction words are 32-bit and data words are 16-bit wide.
Version: 1.05, 2011-04-13
6
VS1003
4
4
4.1
Characteristics & Specifications
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Parameter
Analog Positive Supply
Digital Positive Supply
I/O Positive Supply
Current at Any Digital Output
Voltage at Any Digital Input
Operating Temperature
Storage Temperature
1
CHARACTERISTICS & SPECIFICATIONS
Symbol
AVDD
CVDD
IOVDD
Min
-0.3
-0.3
-0.3
-0.3
-40
-65
Max
2.85
2.85
3.6
±50
IOVDD+0.31
+85
+150
Unit
V
V
V
mA
V
◦C
◦C
Must not exceed 3.6 V
4.2
Recommended Operating Conditions
Parameter
Ambient Operating Temperature
Analog and Digital Ground 1
Positive Analog
Positive Digital
I/O Voltage
Input Clock Frequency2
Internal Clock Frequency
Internal Clock Multiplier3
Master Clock Duty Cycle
Symbol
AGND DGND
AVDD
CVDD
IOVDD
XTALI
CLKI
Min
-40
2.6
2.4
CVDD-0.6V
12
12
1.0×
40
Typ
0.0
2.8
2.5
2.8
12.288
36.864
3.0×
50
Max
+85
2.85
2.85
3.6
13
52.04
4.5×4
60
Unit
◦C
V
V
V
V
MHz
MHz
%
1
Must be connected together as close the device as possible for latch-up immunity.
The maximum sample rate that can be played with correct speed is XTALI/256.
Thus, XTALI must be at least 12.288 MHz to be able to play 48 kHz at correct speed.
3 Reset value is 1.0×. Recommended SC_MULT=3.0×, SC_ADD=1.0× (SCI_CLOCKF=0x9000).
4 52.0 MHz is the maximum clock for the full CVDD range.
(4.0 × 12.288 MHz=49.152 MHz or 4.0 × 13.0 MHz=52.0 MHz)
2
Version: 1.05, 2011-04-13
7
VS1003
4
4.3
CHARACTERISTICS & SPECIFICATIONS
Analog Characteristics
Unless otherwise noted: AVDD=2.85V, CVDD=2.5V, IOVDD=-2.8V, TA=-25..+70◦ C,
XTALI=12.288MHz, DAC tested with 1307.894 Hz full-scale output sinewave, measurement
bandwidth 20..20000 Hz, analog output load: LEFT to GBUF 30Ω, RIGHT to GBUF 30Ω. Microphone test amplitude 50 mVpp, f=1 kHz, Line input test amplitude 2.2 Vpp, f=1 kHz.
Parameter
DAC Resolution
Total Harmonic Distortion
Dynamic Range (DAC unmuted, A-weighted)
S/N Ratio (full scale signal)
Interchannel Isolation (Cross Talk)
Interchannel Isolation (Cross Talk), with GBUF
Interchannel Gain Mismatch
Frequency Response
Full Scale Output Voltage (Peak-to-peak)
Deviation from Linear Phase
Analog Output Load Resistance
Analog Output Load Capacitance
Microphone input amplifier gain
Microphone input amplitude
Microphone Total Harmonic Distortion
Microphone S/N Ratio
Line input amplitude
Line input Total Harmonic Distortion
Line input S/N Ratio
Line and Microphone input impedances
Symbol
THD
IDR
SNR
Min
705
50
-0.5
-0.1
1.3
AOLR
16
Typ
18
0.1
>90
834
75
40
±0.2
1.51
Max
0.3
0.5
0.1
1.7
5
302
100
MICG
MTHD
MSNR
LTHD
LSNR
505
605
26
50
0.02
68
2200
0.015
86
100
1403
0.10
28003
0.10
Unit
bits
%
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
Vpp
◦
Ω
pF
dB
mVpp AC
%
dB
mVpp AC
%
dB
kΩ
Typical values are measured of about 5000 devices of Lot 4234011, Week Code 0452.
1 3.0 volts can be achieved with +-to-+ wiring for mono difference sound.
2 AOLR may be much lower, but below Typical distortion performance may be compromised.
3 Above typical amplitude the Harmonic Distortion increases.
4 Unweighted, A-weighted is about 3 dB better.
5 Limit low due to noise level of production tester.
Version: 1.05, 2011-04-13
8
VS1003
4
4.4
CHARACTERISTICS & SPECIFICATIONS
Power Consumption
Tested with an MPEG 1.0 Layer-3 128 kbit/s sample and generated sine. Output at full volume.
XTALI 12.288 MHz. Internal clock multiplier 3.0×. CVDD = 2.5 V, AVDD = 2.8 V.
Parameter
Power Supply Consumption AVDD, Reset
Power Supply Consumption CVDD, Reset, +25◦ C
Power Supply Consumption CVDD, Reset, +85◦ C
Power Supply Consumption AVDD, sine test, 30Ω + GBUF
Power Supply Consumption CVDD, sine test
Power Supply Consumption AVDD, no load
Power Supply Consumption AVDD, output load 30Ω
Power Supply Consumption AVDD, 30Ω + GBUF
Power Supply Consumption CVDD
4.5
2
Symbol
Must not exceed 3.6V
Value for SCI reads. SCI and SDI writes allow
4.6
Typ
0.6
3.7
36.9
12.4
7.0
10.9
16.1
17.5
Max
5.0
40.0
200.0
Unit
µA
µA
µA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
Digital Characteristics
Parameter
High-Level Input Voltage
Low-Level Input Voltage
High-Level Output Voltage at IO = -1.0 mA
Low-Level Output Voltage at IO = 1.0 mA
Input Leakage Current
SPI Input Clock Frequency 2
Rise time of all output pins, load = 50 pF
1
Min
Min
0.7×IOVDD
-0.2
0.7×IOVDD
Typ
Max
IOVDD+0.31
0.3×IOVDD
0.3×IOVDD
1.0
-1.0
CLKI
7
50
Unit
V
V
V
V
µA
MHz
ns
CLKI
4 .
Switching Characteristics - Boot Initialization
Parameter
XRESET active time
XRESET inactive to software ready
Power on reset, rise time to CVDD
Symbol
Min
2
16600
10
Max
500001
Unit
XTALI
XTALI
V/s
1
DREQ rises when initialization is complete. You should not send any data or commands
before that.
Version: 1.05, 2011-04-13
9
VS1003
4
4.7
4.7.1
CHARACTERISTICS & SPECIFICATIONS
Typical characteristics
Line input ADC
100
90
80
dB
70
60
50
40
SNR
SNRa
THD
30
20
0.001
0.01
0.1
input voltage (rms)
1
Figure 1: Measured ADC performance of the LINEIN pin. X-axis is rms amplitude of 1 kHz
sine input. Curves are unweighted signal-to-noise ratio (blue), A-weighted signal-to-noise ratio
(green), and unweighted signal-to-distortion ratio (red). Sampling rate of ADC is 48 kHz (master
clock 12.288 MHz), noise calculated from 0 to 20 kHz.
4.7.2
Microphone input ADC
Version: 1.05, 2011-04-13
10
VS1003
4
CHARACTERISTICS & SPECIFICATIONS
100
90
80
dB
70
60
50
40
SNR
SNRa
THD
30
20
0.001
0.01
input voltage (rms)
0.1
Figure 2: Measured ADC performance of the MIC pins (differential). Other settings same as in
Fig. 1.
4.7.3
RIGHT and LEFT outputs
100
80
dB
60
40
20
0
0.001
SNR 30R LOAD
SNR AWEIGHT 30R LOAD
THD 30R LOAD
THD NO LOAD
0.01
0.1
output voltage (rms)
1
Figure 3: Measured performance of RIGHT (or LEFT) output with 1 kHz generated sine. Sampling rate of DAC is 48 kHz (master clock 12.288 MHz), noise calculated from 0 to 20 kHz.
Version: 1.05, 2011-04-13
11
VS1003
5
PACKAGES AND PIN DESCRIPTIONS
0
amplitude dB
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100
-120
0
5000
10000
15000
frequency Hz
20000
Figure 4: Typical spectrum of RIGHT (or LEFT) output with maximum level and 30 Ohm load.
Setup is the same is in Fig. 3.
5
Packages and Pin Descriptions
5.1
Packages
Both LPQFP-48 and BGA-49 are lead (Pb) free and also RoHS compliant packages. RoHS
is a short name of Directive 2002/95/EC on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous
substances in electrical and electronic equipment.
5.1.1
LQFP-48
48
1
Figure 5: Pin Configuration, LQFP-48.
LQFP-48 package dimensions are at http://www.vlsi.fi/ .
Version: 1.05, 2011-04-13
12
VS1003
5
5.1.2
PACKAGES AND PIN DESCRIPTIONS
BGA-49
A1 BALL PAD CORNER
1
2
4
3
5
6
7
A
B
7.00
D
4.80
0.80 TYP
C
E
F
G
0.80 TYP
4.80
1.10 REF
1.10 REF
7.00
TOP VIEW
Figure 6: Pin Configuration, BGA-49.
BGA-49 package dimensions are at http://www.vlsi.fi/ .
Version: 1.05, 2011-04-13
13
VS1003
5
5.2
LQFP-48 and BGA-49 Pin Descriptions
Pin Name
MICP
MICN
XRESET
DGND0
CVDD0
IOVDD0
CVDD1
DREQ
GPIO2 / DCLK1
GPIO3 / SDATA1
XDCS / BSYNC1
IOVDD1
VCO
DGND1
XTALO
XTALI
IOVDD2
IOVDD3
DGND2
DGND3
DGND4
XCS
CVDD2
RX
TX
SCLK
SI
SO
CVDD3
TEST
GPIO0 / SPIBOOT
GPIO1
AGND0
AVDD0
RIGHT
AGND1
AGND2
GBUF
AVDD1
RCAP
AVDD2
LEFT
AGND3
LINEIN
1
2
PACKAGES AND PIN DESCRIPTIONS
LQFP48
Pin
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
BGA49 Pin
Ball
Type
Function
C3
C2
B1
D2
C1
D3
D1
E2
E1
F2
E3
F3
G2
F4
G3
E4
G4
F5
Positive differential microphone input, self-biasing
Negative differential microphone input, self-biasing
Active low asynchronous reset
Core & I/O ground
Core power supply
I/O power supply
Core power supply
Data request, input bus
General purpose IO 2 / serial input data bus clock
General purpose IO 3 / serial data input
Data chip select / byte sync
I/O power supply
For testing only (Clock VCO output)
Core & I/O ground
Crystal output
Crystal input
I/O power supply
I/O power supply
Core & I/O ground
Core & I/O ground
Core & I/O ground
Chip select input (active low)
Core power supply
UART receive, connect to IOVDD if not used
UART transmit
Clock for serial bus
Serial input
Serial output
Core power supply
Reserved for test, connect to IOVDD
General purpose IO 0 / SPIBOOT, use 100 kΩ pulldown resistor2
General purpose IO 1
Analog ground, low-noise reference
Analog power supply
Right channel output
Analog ground
Analog ground
Common buffer for headphones
Analog power supply
Filtering capacitance for reference
Analog power supply
Left channel output
Analog ground
Line input
20
21
22
23
24
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
G5
F6
G6
G7
E6
F7
D6
E7
D5
D7
C6
C7
AI
AI
DI
DGND
CPWR
IOPWR
CPWR
DO
DIO
DIO
DI
IOPWR
DO
DGND
AO
AI
IOPWR
IOPWR
DGND
DGND
DGND
DI
CPWR
DI
DO
DI
DI
DO3
CPWR
DI
DIO
34
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
B6
C5
B5
A6
B4
A5
C4
A4
B3
A3
B2
A2
A1
DIO
APWR
APWR
AO
APWR
APWR
AO
APWR
AIO
APWR
AO
APWR
AI
First pin function is active in New Mode, latter in Compatibility Mode.
Unless pull-down resistor is used, SPI Boot is tried. See Chapter 9.5 for details.
Version: 1.05, 2011-04-13
14
VS1003
5
PACKAGES AND PIN DESCRIPTIONS
Pin types:
Type
DI
DO
DIO
DO3
AI
Description
Digital input, CMOS Input Pad
Digital output, CMOS Input Pad
Digital input/output
Digital output, CMOS Tri-stated Output
Pad
Analog input
Type
AO
AIO
APWR
DGND
CPWR
IOPWR
Description
Analog output
Analog input/output
Analog power supply pin
Core or I/O ground pin
Core power supply pin
I/O power supply pin
In BGA-49, no-connect balls are A7, B7, D4, E5, F1, G1.
In LQFP-48, no-connect pins are 11, 12, 25, 35, 36.
Version: 1.05, 2011-04-13
15
VS1003
6
6
CONNECTION DIAGRAM, LQFP-48
Connection Diagram, LQFP-48
Figure 7: Typical Connection Diagram Using LQFP-48.
The common buffer GBUF can be used for common voltage (1.24 V) for earphones. This will
eliminate the need for large isolation capacitors on line outputs, and thus the audio output pins
from VS1003 may be connected directly to the earphone connector.
GBUF must NOT be connected to ground under any circumstances. If GBUF is not used,
LEFT and RIGHT must be provided with coupling capacitors. To keep GBUF stable, you should
always have the resistor and capacitor even when GBUF is not used. See application notes for
details.
Unused GPIO pins should have a pull-down resistor.
If UART is not used, RX should be connected to IOVDD and TX be unconnected.
Do not connect any external load to XTALO.
Note: This connection assumes SM_SDINEW is active (see Chapter 8.6.1). If also SM_SDISHARE
is used, xDCS should be tied high (see Chapter 7.2.1).
Version: 1.05, 2011-04-13
16
VS1003
7
7
SPI BUSES
SPI Buses
7.1
General
The SPI Bus - that was originally used in some Motorola devices - has been used for both
VS1003’s Serial Data Interface SDI (Chapters 7.4 and 8.4) and Serial Control Interface SCI
(Chapters 7.5 and 8.5).
7.2
SPI Bus Pin Descriptions
7.2.1
VS1002 Native Modes (New Mode)
These modes are active on VS1003 when SM_SDINEW is set to 1 (default at startup). DCLK
and SDATA are not used for data transfer and they can be used as general-purpose I/O pins
(GPIO2 and GPIO3). BSYNC function changes to data interface chip select (XDCS).
SDI Pin
XDCS
SCI Pin
XCS
SCK
SI
-
7.2.2
SO
Description
Active low chip select input. A high level forces the serial interface into
standby mode, ending the current operation. A high level also forces serial
output (SO) to high impedance state. If SM_SDISHARE is 1, pin
XDCS is not used, but the signal is generated internally by inverting
XCS.
Serial clock input. The serial clock is also used internally as the master
clock for the register interface.
SCK can be gated or continuous. In either case, the first rising clock edge
after XCS has gone low marks the first bit to be written.
Serial input. If a chip select is active, SI is sampled on the rising CLK edge.
Serial output. In reads, data is shifted out on the falling SCK edge.
In writes SO is at a high impedance state.
VS1001 Compatibility Mode
This mode is active when SM_SDINEW is set to 0. In this mode, DCLK, SDATA and BSYNC
are active.
SDI Pin
-
SCI Pin
XCS
BSYNC
DCLK
SCK
SDATA
-
SI
SO
Description
Active low chip select input. A high level forces the serial interface into
standby mode, ending the current operation. A high level also forces serial
output (SO) to high impedance state.
SDI data is synchronized with a rising edge of BSYNC.
Serial clock input. The serial clock is also used internally as the master
clock for the register interface.
SCK can be gated or continuous. In either case, the first rising clock edge
after XCS has gone low marks the first bit to be written.
Serial input. SI is sampled on the rising SCK edge, if XCS is low.
Serial output. In reads, data is shifted out on the falling SCK edge.
In writes SO is at a high impedance state.
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VS1003
7.3
7
SPI BUSES
Data Request Pin DREQ
The DREQ pin/signal is used to signal if VS1003’s FIFO is capable of receiving data. If DREQ
is high, VS1003 can take at least 32 bytes of SDI data or one SCI command. When these
criteria are not met, DREQ is turned low, and the sender should stop transferring new data.
Because of the 32-byte safety area, the sender may send upto 32 bytes of SDI data at a
time without checking the status of DREQ, making controlling VS1003 easier for low-speed
microcontrollers.
Note: DREQ may turn low or high at any time, even during a byte transmission. Thus, DREQ
should only be used to decide whether to send more bytes. It should not abort a transmission
that has already started.
Note: In VS10XX products upto VS1002, DREQ was only used for SDI. In VS1003 DREQ is
also used to tell the status of SCI.
There are cases when you still want to send SCI commands when DREQ is low. Because
DREQ is shared between SDI and SCI, you can not determine if a SCI command has been
executed if SDI is not ready to receive. In this case you need a long enough delay after every
SCI command to make certain none of them is missed. The SCI Registers table in section 8.6
gives the worst-case handling time for each SCI register write.
7.4
7.4.1
Serial Protocol for Serial Data Interface (SDI)
General
The serial data interface operates in slave mode so DCLK signal must be generated by an
external circuit.
Data (SDATA signal) can be clocked in at either the rising or falling edge of DCLK (Chapter 8.6).
VS1003 assumes its data input to be byte-sychronized. SDI bytes may be transmitted either
MSb or LSb first, depending of contents of SCI_MODE (Chapter 8.6.1).
The firmware is able to accept the maximum bitrate the SDI supports.
7.4.2
SDI in VS1002 Native Modes (New Mode)
In VS1002 native modes (SM_NEWMODE is 1), byte synchronization is achieved by XDCS.
The state of XDCS may not change while a data byte transfer is in progress. To always maintain data synchronization even if there may be glitches in the boards using VS1003, it is recommended to turn XDCS every now and then, for instance once after every flash data block or
a few kilobytes, just to keep sure the host and VS1003 are in sync.
If SM_SDISHARE is 1, the XDCS signal is internally generated by inverting the XCS input.
For new designs, using VS1002 native modes are recommended.
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VS1003
7.4.3
7
SPI BUSES
SDI in VS1001 Compatibility Mode
BSYNC
SDATA
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
DCLK
Figure 8: BSYNC Signal - one byte transfer.
When VS1003 is running in VS1001 compatibility mode, a BSYNC signal must be generated
to ensure correct bit-alignment of the input bitstream. The first DCLK sampling edge (rising or
falling, depending on selected polarity), during which the BSYNC is high, marks the first bit of
a byte (LSB, if LSB-first order is used, MSB, if MSB-first order is used). If BSYNC is ’1’ when
the last bit is received, the receiver stays active and next 8 bits are also received.
BSYNC
SDATA
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
DCLK
Figure 9: BSYNC Signal - two byte transfer.
7.4.4
Passive SDI Mode
If SM_NEWMODE is 0 and SM_SDISHARE is 1, the operation is otherwise like the VS1001
compatibility mode, but bits are only received while the BSYNC signal is ’1’. Rising edge of
BSYNC is still used for synchronization.
7.5
7.5.1
Serial Protocol for Serial Command Interface (SCI)
General
The serial bus protocol for the Serial Command Interface SCI (Chapter 8.5) consists of an
instruction byte, address byte and one 16-bit data word. Each read or write operation can read
or write a single register. Data bits are read at the rising edge, so the user should update data
at the falling edge. Bytes are always send MSb first. XCS should be low for the full duration of
the operation, but you can have pauses between bits if needed.
The operation is specified by an 8-bit instruction opcode. The supported instructions are read
and write. See table below.
Name
READ
WRITE
Instruction
Opcode
0b0000 0011
0b0000 0010
Operation
Read data
Write data
Note: VS1003 sets DREQ low after each SCI operation. The duration depends on the operation. It is not allowed to start a new SCI/SDI operation before DREQ is high again.
Version: 1.05, 2011-04-13
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VS1003
7.5.2
7
SPI BUSES
SCI Read
XCS
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
30 31
SCK
3
SI
instruction (read)
2
1
0
don’t care
0
data out
address
15 14
SO
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
don’t care
0
0
1
0
0
X
execution
DREQ
Figure 10: SCI Word Read
VS1003 registers are read from using the following sequence, as shown in Figure 10. First,
XCS line is pulled low to select the device. Then the READ opcode (0x3) is transmitted via
the SI line followed by an 8-bit word address. After the address has been read in, any further
data on SI is ignored by the chip. The 16-bit data corresponding to the received address will be
shifted out onto the SO line.
XCS should be driven high after data has been shifted out.
DREQ is driven low for a short while when in a read operation by the chip. This is a very short
time and doesn’t require special user attention.
7.5.3
SCI Write
XCS
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
30 31
SCK
3
SI
instruction (write)
SO
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
15 14
0
0
0
0
0
0
X
data out
address
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 X
execution
DREQ
Figure 11: SCI Word Write
VS1003 registers are written from using the following sequence, as shown in Figure 11. First,
XCS line is pulled low to select the device. Then the WRITE opcode (0x2) is transmitted via the
SI line followed by an 8-bit word address.
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VS1003
7
SPI BUSES
After the word has been shifted in and the last clock has been sent, XCS should be pulled high
to end the WRITE sequence.
After the last bit has been sent, DREQ is driven low for the duration of the register update,
marked “execution” in the figure. The time varies depending on the register and its contents
(see table in Chapter 8.6 for details). If the maximum time is longer than what it takes from
the microcontroller to feed the next SCI command or SDI byte, it is not allowed to finish a new
SCI/SDI operation before DREQ has risen up again.
7.6
SPI Timing Diagram
tWL
tXCSS
tWH
tXCSH
XCS
tXCS
0
1
14
15
30
16
31
SCK
SI
tH
tSU
SO
tZ
tV
tDIS
Figure 12: SPI Timing Diagram.
Symbol
tXCSS
tSU
tH
tZ
tWL
tWH
tV
tXCSH
tXCS
tDIS
1
Min
5
0
2
0
2
2
1
2 (+ 25ns )
1
2
Max
10
Unit
ns
ns
CLKI cycles
ns
CLKI cycles
CLKI cycles
CLKI cycles
CLKI
CLKI cycles
ns
25ns is when pin loaded with 100pF capacitance. The time is shorter with lower capacitance.
Note: As tWL and tWH, as well as tH require at least 2 clock cycles, the maximum speed for
the SPI bus that can easily be used with asynchronous clocks is 1/7 of VS1003’s internal clock
speed CLKI.
Note: Although the timing is derived from the internal clock CLKI, the system always starts up
in 1.0× mode, thus CLKI=XTALI.
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VS1003
7.7
7.7.1
7
SPI BUSES
SPI Examples with SM_SDINEW and SM_SDISHARED set
Two SCI Writes
SCI Write 1
SCI Write 2
XCS
0
1
2
3
30
31
1
0
32
33
61
62
63
2
1
0
SCK
SI
0
0
0
X
0
0
X
0
DREQ up before finishing next SCI write
DREQ
Figure 13: Two SCI Operations.
Figure 13 shows two consecutive SCI operations. Note that xCS must be raised to inactive
state between the writes. Also DREQ must be respected as shown in the figure.
7.7.2
Two SDI Bytes
SDI Byte 1
SDI Byte 2
XCS
0
1
2
3
7
6
5
4
6
7
8
9
1
0
7
6
13
14
15
2
1
0
SCK
3
SI
5
X
DREQ
Figure 14: Two SDI Bytes.
SDI data is synchronized with a raising edge of xCS as shown in Figure 14. However, every
byte doesn’t need separate synchronization.
Version: 1.05, 2011-04-13
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VS1003
7.7.3
7
SPI BUSES
SCI Operation in Middle of Two SDI Bytes
SDI Byte
SDI Byte
SCI Operation
XCS
0
7
1
8
9
39
40
41
7
6
46
47
1
0
SCK
7
6
5
1
0
0
SI
5
X
0
DREQ high before end of next transfer
DREQ
Figure 15: Two SDI Bytes Separated By an SCI Operation.
Figure 15 shows how an SCI operation is embedded in between SDI operations. xCS edges
are used to synchronize both SDI and SCI. Remember to respect DREQ as shown in the figure.
Version: 1.05, 2011-04-13
23
VS1003
8
8
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
Functional Description
8.1
Main Features
VS1003 is based on a proprietary digital signal processor, VS_DSP. It contains all the code
and data memory needed for MP3, WMA and WAV PCM + ADPCM audio decoding, MIDI
synthesizer, together with serial interfaces, a multirate stereo audio DAC and analog output
amplifiers and filters. Also ADPCM audio encoding is supported using a microphone amplifier
and A/D converter. A UART is provided for debugging purposes.
8.2
Supported Audio Codecs
Mark
+
-
8.2.1
Conventions
Description
Format is supported
Format exists but is not supported
Format doesn’t exist
Supported MP3 (MPEG layer III) Formats
MPEG 1.01 :
Samplerate / Hz
48000
44100
32000
32
+
+
+
40
+
+
+
48
+
+
+
56
+
+
+
64
+
+
+
80
+
+
+
Bitrate / kbit/s
96 112 128
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
160
+
+
+
192
+
+
+
224
+
+
+
256
+
+
+
320
+
+
+
8
+
+
+
16
+
+
+
24
+
+
+
32
+
+
+
40
+
+
+
48
+
+
+
Bitrate / kbit/s
56 64 80
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
96
+
+
+
112
+
+
+
128
+
+
+
144
+
+
+
160
+
+
+
8
+
+
+
16
+
+
+
24
+
+
+
32
+
+
+
40
+
+
+
48
+
+
+
Bitrate / kbit/s
56 64 80
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
96
+
+
+
112
+
+
+
128
+
+
+
144
+
+
+
160
+
+
+
MPEG 2.01 :
Samplerate / Hz
24000
22050
16000
MPEG 2.51 2 :
Samplerate / Hz
12000
11025
8000
1
Also all variable bitrate (VBR) formats are supported.
2
Incompatibilities may occur because MPEG 2.5 is not a standard format.
Version: 1.05, 2011-04-13
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VS1003
8.2.2
8
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
Supported WMA Formats
Windows Media Audio codec versions 2, 7, 8, and 9 are supported. All WMA profiles (L1, L2,
and L3) are supported. Previously streams were separated into Classes 1, 2a, 2b, and 3. WMA
9 Professional and WMA 9 Lossless are not supported. The decoder has passed Microsoft’s
conformance testing program.
WMA 4.0 / 4.1:
Samplerate
/ Hz
8000
11025
16000
22050
32000
44100
48000
5
+
6
+
8
+
+
10
+
+
12
+
16
20
Bitrate / kbit/s
22 32 40
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
48
64
80
96
128 160 192
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
48
64
80
96
128 160 192
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
48
64
80
96
128 160 192
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
WMA 7:
Samplerate
/ Hz
8000
11025
16000
22050
32000
44100
48000
5
+
6
+
8
+
+
10
+
+
12
+
16
20
+
+
+
+
+
+
Bitrate / kbit/s
22 32 40
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
WMA 8:
Samplerate
/ Hz
8000
11025
16000
22050
32000
44100
48000
5
+
6
+
8
+
+
10
+
+
12
+
16
20
+
+
+
+
+
+
Bitrate / kbit/s
22 32 40
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
WMA 9:
Samplerate
/ Hz
8000
11025
16000
22050
32000
44100
48000
5
+
6
+
8
+
+
10
+
+
12
+
16
20
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
22
+
Bitrate / kbit/s
32 40 48 64
80
96
128 160 192 256 320
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
In addition to these expected WMA decoding profiles, all other bitrate and samplerate combinations are supported, including variable bitrate WMA streams. Note that WMA does not
consume the bitstream as evenly as MP3, so you need a higher peak transfer capability for
clean playback at the same bitrate.
Version: 1.05, 2011-04-13
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VS1003
8.2.3
8
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
Supported RIFF WAV Formats
The most common RIFF WAV subformats are supported.
Format
0x01
0x02
0x03
0x06
0x07
0x10
0x11
0x15
0x16
0x30
0x31
0x3b
0x3c
0x40
0x41
0x50
0x55
0x64
0x65
Name
PCM
ADPCM
IEEE_FLOAT
ALAW
MULAW
OKI_ADPCM
IMA_ADPCM
DIGISTD
DIGIFIX
DOLBY_AC2
GSM610
ROCKWELL_ADPCM
ROCKWELL_DIGITALK
G721_ADPCM
G728_CELP
MPEG
MPEGLAYER3
G726_ADPCM
G722_ADPCM
Version: 1.05, 2011-04-13
Supported
+
+
+
-
Comments
16 and 8 bits, any sample rate ≤ 48kHz
Any sample rate ≤ 48kHz
For supported MP3 modes, see Chapter 8.2.1
26
VS1003
8.2.4
8
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
Supported MIDI Formats
General MIDI and SP-MIDI format 0 files are played. Format 1 and 2 files must be converted to
format 0 by the user. The maximum simultaneous polyphony is 40. Actual polyphony depends
on the internal clock rate (which is user-selectable), the instruments used, and the possible
postprocessing effects enabled, such as bass and treble enhancers. The polyphony restriction
algorithm makes use of the SP-MIDI MIP table, if present.
36.86 MHz (3.0× input clock) achieves 16-26 simultaneous sustained notes. The instantaneous
amount of notes can be larger. 36 MHz is a fair compromise between power consumption and
quality, but higher clocks can be used to increase polyphony.
VS1003b implements 36 distinct instruments. Each melodic, effect, and percussion instrument
is mapped into one of these instruments.
Melodic
piano
vibraphone
organ
guitar
distortion guitar
bass
violin
strings
trumpet
sax
flute
lead
pad
steeldrum
Version: 1.05, 2011-04-13
VS1003b
Effect
reverse cymbal
guitar fret noise
breath
seashore
bird tweet
telephone
helicopter
applause
gunshot
Percussion
bass drum
snare
closed hihat
open hihat
high tom
low tom
crash cymbal 2
ride cymbal
tambourine
high conga
low conga
maracas
claves
27
VS1003
8.3
SDI
8
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
Data Flow of VS1003
Bitstream
FIFO
MP3/PlusV/
WAV/ADPCM/
WMA decode/
MIDI decode
SM_ADPCM=0
AIADDR = 0
User
Application
AIADDR != 0
SB_AMPLITUDE=0
Bass
enhancer
SB_AMPLITUDE!=0
ST_AMPLITUDE=0
Treble
enhancer
ST_AMPLITUDE!=0
Volume
control
Audio
FIFO
SCI_VOL
2048 stereo
samples
L
S.rate.conv.
R
and DAC
Figure 16: Data Flow of VS1003.
First, depending on the audio data, and provided ADPCM encoding mode is not set, MP3,
WMA, PCM WAV, IMA ADPCM WAV, or MIDI data is received and decoded from the SDI bus.
After decoding, if SCI_AIADDR is non-zero, application code is executed from the address
pointed to by that register. For more details, see Application Notes for VS10XX.
Then data may be sent to the Bass and Treble Enhancer depending on the SCI_BASS register.
After that the signal is fed to the volume control unit, which also copies the data to the Audio
FIFO.
The Audio FIFO holds the data, which is read by the Audio interrupt (Chapter 10.13.1) and fed
to the sample rate converter and DACs. The size of the audio FIFO is 2048 stereo (2×16-bit)
samples, or 8 KiB.
The sample rate converter converts all different sample rates to XTALI/2, or 128 times the
highest usable sample rate. This removes the need for complex PLL-based clocking schemes
and allows almost unlimited sample rate accuracy with one fixed input clock frequency. With
a 12.288 MHz clock, the DA converter operates at 128 × 48 kHz, i.e. 6.144 MHz, and creates
a stereo in-phase analog signal. The oversampled output is low-pass filtered by an on-chip
analog filter. This signal is then forwarded to the earphone amplifier.
8.4
Serial Data Interface (SDI)
The serial data interface is meant for transferring compressed MP3 or WMA data, WAV PCM
and ADPCM data as well as MIDI data.
If the input of the decoder is invalid or it is not received fast enough, analog outputs are automatically muted.
Also several different tests may be activated through SDI as described in Chapter 9.
Version: 1.05, 2011-04-13
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VS1003
8.5
8
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
Serial Control Interface (SCI)
The serial control interface is compatible with the SPI bus specification. Data transfers are
always 16 bits. VS1003 is controlled by writing and reading the registers of the interface.
The main controls of the control interface are:
• control of the operation mode, clock, and builtin effects
• access to status information and header data
• access to encoded digital data
• uploading user programs
8.6
SCI Registers
Reg
0x0
0x1
0x2
0x3
0x4
0x5
0x6
0x7
Type
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
0x8
0x9
0xA
0xB
0xC
0xD
0xE
0xF
r
r
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
rw
Reset
0x800
0x3C3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SCI registers, prefix SCI_
Time1 Abbrev[bits]
Description
4
70 CLKI
MODE
Mode control
40 CLKI STATUS
Status of VS1003
2100 CLKI BASS
Built-in bass/treble enhancer
5
11000 XTALI
CLOCKF
Clock freq + multiplier
40 CLKI DECODE_TIME Decode time in seconds
3200 CLKI AUDATA
Misc. audio data
80 CLKI WRAM
RAM write/read
80 CLKI WRAMADDR
Base
address
for
RAM
write/read
- HDAT0
Stream header data 0
- HDAT1
Stream header data 1
3200 CLKI2 AIADDR
Start address of application
2100 CLKI VOL
Volume control
50 CLKI2 AICTRL0
Application control register 0
2
50 CLKI
AICTRL1
Application control register 1
50 CLKI2 AICTRL2
Application control register 2
2
50 CLKI
AICTRL3
Application control register 3
1
This is the worst-case time that DREQ stays low after writing to this register. The user may
choose to skip the DREQ check for those register writes that take less than 100 clock cycles to
execute.
2
In addition, the cycles spent in the user application routine must be counted.
3
Firmware changes the value of this register immediately to 0x38, and in less than 100 ms to
0x30.
4
When mode register write specifies a software reset the worst-case time is 16600 XTALI
cycles.
5
Writing to this register may force internal clock to run at 1.0 × XTALI for a while. Thus it is not
a good idea to send SCI or SDI bits while this register update is in progress.
Note that if DREQ is low when an SCI write is done, DREQ also stays low after SCI write
processing.
Version: 1.05, 2011-04-13
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VS1003
8.6.1
8
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
SCI_MODE (RW)
SCI_MODE is used to control the operation of VS1003 and defaults to 0x0800 (SM_SDINEW
set).
Bit
0
Name
SM_DIFF
Function
Differential
1
SM_SETTOZERO
Set to zero
2
SM_RESET
Soft reset
3
SM_OUTOFWAV
Jump out of WAV decoding
4
SM_PDOWN
Powerdown
5
SM_TESTS
Allow SDI tests
6
SM_STREAM
Stream mode
7
SM_SETTOZERO2
Set to zero
8
SM_DACT
DCLK active edge
9
SM_SDIORD
SDI bit order
10
SM_SDISHARE
Share SPI chip select
11
SM_SDINEW
VS1002 native SPI modes
12
SM_ADPCM
ADPCM recording active
13
SM_ADPCM_HP
ADPCM high-pass filter active
14
SM_LINE_IN
ADPCM recording selector
Value
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
Description
normal in-phase audio
left channel inverted
right
wrong
no reset
reset
no
yes
power on
powerdown
not allowed
allowed
no
yes
right
wrong
rising
falling
MSb first
MSb last
no
yes
no
yes
no
yes
no
yes
microphone
line in
When SM_DIFF is set, the player inverts the left channel output. For a stereo input this creates
virtual surround, and for a mono input this creates a differential left/right signal.
Software reset is initiated by setting SM_RESET to 1. This bit is cleared automatically.
If you want to stop decoding a WAV, WMA, or MIDI file in the middle, set SM_OUTOFWAV, and
send data honouring DREQ until SM_OUTOFWAV is cleared. SCI_HDAT1 will also be cleared.
For WMA and MIDI it is safest to continue sending the stream, send zeroes for WAV.
Bit SM_PDOWN sets VS1003 into software powerdown mode. Note that software powerdown
is not nearly as power efficient as hardware powerdown activated with the XRESET pin.
If SM_TESTS is set, SDI tests are allowed. For more details on SDI tests, look at Chapter 9.8.
Version: 1.05, 2011-04-13
30
VS1003
8
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
SM_STREAM activates VS1003’s stream mode. In this mode, data should be sent with as
even intervals as possible (and preferable with data blocks of less than 512 bytes), and VS1003
makes every attempt to keep its input buffer half full by changing its playback speed upto 5%.
For best quality sound, the average speed error should be within 0.5%, the bitrate should not
exceed 160 kbit/s and VBR should not be used. For details, see Application Notes for VS10XX.
This mode does not work with WMA files.
SM_DACT defines the active edge of data clock for SDI. When ’0’, data is read at the rising
edge, when ’1’, data is read at the falling edge.
When SM_SDIORD is clear, bytes on SDI are sent as a default MSb first. By setting SM_SDIORD,
the user may reverse the bit order for SDI, i.e. bit 0 is received first and bit 7 last. Bytes are,
however, still sent in the default order. This register bit has no effect on the SCI bus.
Setting SM_SDISHARE makes SCI and SDI share the same chip select, as explained in Chapter 7.2, if also SM_SDINEW is set.
Setting SM_SDINEW will activate VS1002 native serial modes as described in Chapters 7.2.1 and 7.4.2.
Note, that this bit is set as a default when VS1003 is started up.
By activating SM_ADPCM and SM_RESET at the same time, the user will activate IMA ADPCM
recording mode. More information is available in the Application Notes for VS10XX.
If SM_ADPCM_HP is set at the same time as SM_ADPCM and SM_RESET, ADPCM mode
will start with a high-pass filter. This may help intelligibility of speech when there is lots of
background noise. The difference created to the ADPCM encoder frequency response is as
shown in Figure 17.
VS1003 AD Converter with and Without HP Filter
5
No High−Pass
High−Pass
Amplitude / dB
0
−5
−10
−15
−20
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Frequency / Hz
3000
3500
4000
Figure 17: ADPCM Frequency Responses with 8kHz sample rate.
SM_LINE_IN is used to select the input for ADPCM recording. If ’0’, microphone input pins
MICP and MICN are used; if ’1’, LINEIN is used.
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8.6.2
8
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
SCI_STATUS (RW)
SCI_STATUS contains information on the current status of VS1003 and lets the user shutdown
the chip without audio glitches.
Name
SS_VER
SS_APDOWN2
SS_APDOWN1
SS_AVOL
Bits
6:4
3
2
1:0
Description
Version
Analog driver powerdown
Analog internal powerdown
Analog volume control
SS_VER is 0 for VS1001, 1 for VS1011, 2 for VS1002 and 3 for VS1003.
SS_APDOWN2 controls analog driver powerdown. Normally this bit is controlled by the system firmware. However, if the user wants to powerdown VS1003 with a minimum power-off
transient, turn this bit to 1, then wait for at least a few milliseconds before activating reset.
SS_APDOWN1 controls internal analog powerdown. This bit is meant to be used by the system
firmware only.
SS_AVOL is the analog volume control: 0 = -0 dB, 1 = -6 dB, 3 = -12 dB. This register is meant
to be used automatically by the system firmware only.
8.6.3
SCI_BASS (RW)
Name
ST_AMPLITUDE
ST_FREQLIMIT
SB_AMPLITUDE
SB_FREQLIMIT
Bits
15:12
11:8
7:4
3:0
Description
Treble Control in 1.5 dB steps (-8..7, 0 = off)
Lower limit frequency in 1000 Hz steps (0..15)
Bass Enhancement in 1 dB steps (0..15, 0 = off)
Lower limit frequency in 10 Hz steps (2..15)
The Bass Enhancer VSBE is a powerful bass boosting DSP algorithm, which tries to take the
most out of the users earphones without causing clipping.
VSBE is activated when SB_AMPLITUDE is non-zero. SB_AMPLITUDE should be set to the
user’s preferences, and SB_FREQLIMIT to roughly 1.5 times the lowest frequency the user’s
audio system can reproduce. For example setting SCI_BASS to 0x00f6 will have 15 dB enhancement below 60 Hz.
Note: Because VSBE tries to avoid clipping, it gives the best bass boost with dynamical music
material, or when the playback volume is not set to maximum. It also does not create bass: the
source material must have some bass to begin with.
Treble Control VSTC is activated when ST_AMPLITUDE is non-zero. For example setting
SCI_BASS to 0x7a00 will have 10.5 dB treble enhancement at and above 10 kHz.
Bass Enhancer uses about 3.0 MIPS and Treble Control 1.2 MIPS at 44100 Hz sample rate.
Both can be on simultaneously.
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8.6.4
8
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
SCI_CLOCKF (RW)
The operation of SCI_CLOCKF is different in VS1003 than in VS10x1 and VS1002.
Name
SC_MULT
SC_ADD
SC_FREQ
SCI_CLOCKF bits
Bits
Description
15:13 Clock multiplier
12:11 Allowed multiplier addition
10: 0 Clock frequency
SC_MULT activates the built-in clock multiplier. This will multiply XTALI to create a higher CLKI.
The values are as follows:
SC_MULT
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
MASK
0x0000
0x2000
0x4000
0x6000
0x8000
0xa000
0xc000
0xe000
CLKI
XTALI
XTALI×1.5
XTALI×2.0
XTALI×2.5
XTALI×3.0
XTALI×3.5
XTALI×4.0
XTALI×4.5
SC_ADD tells, how much the decoder firmware is allowed to add to the multiplier specified by
SC_MULT if more cycles are temporarily needed to decode a WMA stream. The values are:
SC_ADD
0
1
2
3
MASK
0x0000
0x0800
0x1000
0x1800
Multiplier addition
No modification is allowed
0.5×
1.0×
1.5×
SC_FREQ is used to tell if the input clock XTALI is running at something else than 12.288 MHz.
XTALI is set in 4 kHz steps. The formula for calculating the correct value for this register is
XT ALI−8000000
(XTALI is in Hz).
4000
Note: The default value 0 is assumed to mean XTALI=12.288 MHz.
Note: because maximum sample rate is
< 12.288 MHz.
XT ALI
256 ,
all sample rates are not available if XTALI
Note: Automatic clock change can only happen when decoding WMA files. Automatic clock
change is done one 0.5× at a time. This does not cause a drop to 1.0× clock and you can
use the same SCI and SDI clock throughout the WMA file. When decoding ends the default
multiplier is restored and can cause 1.0× clock to be used momentarily.
Example: If SCI_CLOCKF is 0x9BE8, SC_MULT = 4, SC_ADD = 3 and SC_FREQ = 0x3E8 = 1000.
This means that XTALI = 1000 × 4000 + 8000000 = 12 MHz. The clock multiplier is set to
3.0×XTALI = 36 MHz, and the maximum allowed multiplier that the firmware may automatically
choose to use is (3.0 + 1.5)×XTALI = 54 MHz.
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8.6.5
8
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
SCI_DECODE_TIME (RW)
When decoding correct data, current decoded time is shown in this register in full seconds.
The user may change the value of this register. In that case the new value should be written
twice.
SCI_DECODE_TIME is reset at every software reset and also when WAV (PCM or IMA ADPCM), WMA, or MIDI decoding starts or ends.
8.6.6
SCI_AUDATA (RW)
When decoding correct data, the current sample rate and number of channels can be found in
bits 15:1 and 0 of SCI_AUDATA, respectively. Bits 15:1 contain the sample rate divided by two,
and bit 0 is 0 for mono data and 1 for stereo. Writing to SCI_AUDATA will change the sample
rate directly.
Note: due to a bug, an odd sample rate reverses the operation of the stereo bit in VS1003b.
Example:
Example:
Example:
Example:
8.6.7
44100 Hz stereo data reads as 0xAC45 (44101).
11025 Hz mono data reads as 0x2B10 (11025).
11025 Hz stereo data reads as 0x2B11 (11026).
Writing 0xAC80 sets sample rate to 44160 Hz, stereo mode does not change.
SCI_WRAM (RW)
SCI_WRAM is used to upload application programs and data to instruction and data RAMs.
The start address must be initialized by writing to SCI_WRAMADDR prior to the first write/read
of SCI_WRAM. As 16 bits of data can be transferred with one SCI_WRAM write/read, and the
instruction word is 32 bits long, two consecutive writes/reads are needed for each instruction
word. The byte order is big-endian (i.e. most significant words first). After each full-word
write/read, the internal pointer is autoincremented.
8.6.8
SCI_WRAMADDR (W)
SCI_WRAMADDR is used to set the program address for following SCI_WRAM writes/reads.
Address offset of 0 is used for X, 0x4000 for Y, and 0x8000 for instruction memory. Peripheral
registers can also be accessed.
SM_WRAMADDR
Start. . . End
0x1800. . . 0x187F
0x5800. . . 0x587F
0x8030. . . 0x84FF
0xC000. . . 0xFFFF
Dest. addr.
Start. . . End
0x1800. . . 0x187F
0x1800. . . 0x187F
0x0030. . . 0x04FF
0xC000. . . 0xFFFF
Bits/
Word
16
16
32
16
Description
X data RAM
Y data RAM
Instruction RAM
I/O
Only user areas in X, Y, and instruction memory are listed above. Other areas can be accessed,
but should not be written to unless otherwise specified.
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8.6.9
8
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
SCI_HDAT0 and SCI_HDAT1 (R)
For WAV files, SCI_HDAT0 and SCI_HDAT1 read as 0x7761, and 0x7665, respectively.
For WMA files, SCI_HDAT1 contains 0x574D and SCI_HDAT0 contains the data speed measured in bytes per second. To get the bit-rate of the file, multiply the value of SCI_HDAT0 by
8.
for MIDI files, SCI_HDAT1 contains 0x4D54 and SCI_HDAT0 contains values according to the
following table:
HDAT0[15:8]
0
1..255
HDAT0[7:0]
polyphony
reserved
Value
Explanation
current polyphony
For MP3 files, SCI_HDAT[0. . . 1] have the following content:
Bit
HDAT1[15:5]
HDAT1[4:3]
Function
syncword
ID
HDAT1[2:1]
layer
HDAT1[0]
protect bit
HDAT0[15:12]
HDAT0[11:10]
bitrate
sample rate
HDAT0[9]
pad bit
HDAT0[8]
HDAT0[7:6]
private bit
mode
HDAT0[5:4]
HDAT0[3]
extension
copyright
HDAT0[2]
original
HDAT0[1:0]
emphasis
Version: 1.05, 2011-04-13
Value
2047
3
2
1
0
3
2
1
0
1
0
3
2
1
0
1
0
3
2
1
0
1
0
1
0
3
2
1
0
Explanation
stream valid
ISO 11172-3 MPG 1.0
ISO 13818-3 MPG 2.0 (1/2-rate)
MPG 2.5 (1/4-rate)
MPG 2.5 (1/4-rate)
I
II
III
reserved
No CRC
CRC protected
ISO 11172-3
reserved
32/16/ 8 kHz
48/24/12 kHz
44/22/11 kHz
additional slot
normal frame
not defined
mono
dual channel
joint stereo
stereo
ISO 11172-3
copyrighted
free
original
copy
CCITT J.17
reserved
50/15 microsec
none
35
VS1003
8
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
When read, SCI_HDAT0 and SCI_HDAT1 contain header information that is extracted from
MP3 stream currently being decoded. After reset both registers are cleared, indicating no data
has been found yet.
The “sample rate” field in SCI_HDAT0 is interpreted according to the following table:
“sample rate”
3
2
1
0
ID=3 / Hz
32000
48000
44100
ID=2 / Hz
16000
24000
22050
ID=0,1 / Hz
8000
12000
11025
The “bitrate” field in HDAT0 is read according to the following table:
“bitrate”
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
8.6.10
ID=3 / kbit/s
forbidden
320
256
224
192
160
128
112
96
80
64
56
48
40
32
-
ID=0,1,2 / kbit/s
forbidden
160
144
128
112
96
80
64
56
48
40
32
24
16
8
-
SCI_AIADDR (RW)
SCI_AIADDR indicates the start address of the application code written earlier with SCI_WRAMADDR
and SCI_WRAM registers. If no application code is used, this register should not be initialized,
or it should be initialized to zero. For more details, see Application Notes for VS10XX.
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8.6.11
8
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
SCI_VOL (RW)
SCI_VOL is a volume control for the player hardware. For each channel, a value in the range of
0..254 may be defined to set its attenuation from the maximum volume level (in 0.5 dB steps).
The left channel value is then multiplied by 256 and the values are added. Thus, maximum
volume is 0 and total silence is 0xFEFE.
Example: for a volume of -2.0 dB for the left channel and -3.5 dB for the right channel: (4*256)
+ 7 = 0x407. Note, that at startup volume is set to full volume. Resetting the software does not
reset the volume setting.
Note: Setting SCI_VOL to 0xFFFF will activate analog powerdown mode.
8.6.12
SCI_AICTRL[x] (RW)
SCI_AICTRL[x] registers ( x=[0 .. 3] ) can be used to access the user’s application program.
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9
9.1
9
OPERATION
Operation
Clocking
VS1003 operates on a single, nominally 12.288 MHz fundamental frequency master clock. This
clock can be generated by external circuitry (connected to pin XTALI) or by the internal clock
crystal interface (pins XTALI and XTALO).
9.2
Hardware Reset
When the XRESET -signal is driven low, VS1003 is reset and all the control registers and
internal states are set to the initial values. XRESET-signal is asynchronous to any external
clock. The reset mode doubles as a full-powerdown mode, where both digital and analog parts
of VS1003 are in minimum power consumption stage, and where clocks are stopped. Also
XTALO is grounded.
After a hardware reset (or at power-up) DREQ will stay down for at least 16600 clock cycles,
which means an approximate 1.35 ms delay if VS1003 is run at 12.288 MHz. After this the
user should set such basic software registers as SCI_MODE, SCI_BASS, SCI_CLOCKF, and
SCI_VOL before starting decoding. See section 8.6 for details.
Internal clock can be multiplied with a PLL. Supported multipliers through the SCI_CLOCKF
register are 1.0 × . . . 4.5× the input clock. Reset value for Internal Clock Multiplier is 1.0×. If
typical values are wanted, the Internal Clock Multiplier needs to be set to 3.0× after reset. Wait
until DREQ rises, then write value 0x9800 to SCI_CLOCKF (register 3). See section 8.6.4 for
details.
9.3
Software Reset
In some cases the decoder software has to be reset. This is done by activating bit 2 in
SCI_MODE register (Chapter 8.6.1). Then wait for at least 2 µs, then look at DREQ. DREQ
will stay down for at least 16600 clock cycles, which means an approximate 1.35 ms delay if
VS1003 is run at 12.288 MHz. After DREQ is up, you may continue playback as usual.
If you want to make sure VS1003 doesn’t cut the ending of low-bitrate data streams and you
want to do a software reset, it is recommended to feed 2048 zeros (honoring DREQ) to the SDI
bus after the file and before the reset. This is especially important for MIDI files, although you
can also use SCI_HDAT1 polling.
If you want to interrupt the playing of a WAV, WMA, or MIDI file in the middle, set SM_OUTOFWAV
in the mode register, and wait until SCI_HDAT1 is cleared (with a two-second timeout) before
continuing with a software reset. MP3 does not currently implement the SM_OUTOFWAV because it is a stream format, thus the timeout requirement.
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9.4
9
OPERATION
ADPCM Recording
This chapter explains how to create RIFF/WAV file with IMA ADPCM format. This is a widely
supported ADPCM format and many PC audio playback programs can play it. IMA ADPCM
recording gives roughly a compression ratio of 4:1 compared to linear, 16-bit audio. This makes
it possible to record 8 kHz audio at 32.44 kbit/s.
9.4.1
Activating ADPCM mode
IMA ADPCM recording mode is activated by setting bits SM_RESET and SM_ADPCM in
SCI_MODE. Optionally a high-pass-filter can be enabled for 8 kHz sample rate by also setting SM_ADPCM_HP at the same time. Line input is used instead of mic if SM_LINE_IN is set.
Before activating ADPCM recording, user must write a clock divider value to SCI_AICTRL0
and gain to SCI_AICTRL1.
The differences of using SM_ADPCM_HP are presented in figure 17 (page 31). As a general
rule, audio will be fuller and closer to original if SM_ADPCM_HP is not used. However, speech
may be more intelligible with the high-pass filter active. Use the filter only with 8 kHz sample
rate.
Before activating ADPCM recording, user should write a clock divider value to SCI_AICTRL0.
Fc
The sampling frequency is calculated from the following formula: fs = 256×d
, where Fc is the
internal clock (CLKI) and d is the divider value in SCI_AICTRL0. The lowest valid value for d is
4. If SCI_AICTRL0 contains 0, the default divider value 12 is used.
Examples:
Fc = 2.0 × 12.288 MHz, d = 12. Now fs = 2.0×12288000
= 8000 Hz.
256×12
2.5×14745000
Fc = 2.5 × 14.745 MHz, d = 18. Now fs = 256×18 = 8000 Hz.
Fc = 2.5 × 13 MHz, d = 16. Now fs = 2.5×13000000
= 7935 Hz.
256×16
Also, before activating ADPCM mode, the user has to set linear recording gain control to register
SCI_AICTRL1. 1024 is equal to digital gain 1, 512 is equal to digital gain 0.5 and so on. If the
user wants to use automatic gain control (AGC), SCI_AICTRL1 should be set to 0. Typical
speech applications usually are better off using AGC, as this takes care of relatively uniform
speech loudness in recordings.
Since VS1033c SCI_AICTRL2 controls the maximum AGC gain. If SCI_AICTRL2 is zero, the
maximum gain is 65535 (64×), i.e. whole range is used. This is compatible with previous
operation.
9.4.2
Reading IMA ADPCM Data
After IMA ADPCM recording has been activated, registers SCI_HDAT0 and SCI_HDAT1 have
new functions.
The IMA ADPCM sample buffer is 1024 16-bit words. The fill status of the buffer can be read
from SCI_HDAT1. If SCI_HDAT1 is greater than 0, you can read as many 16-bit words from
SCI_HDAT0. If the data is not read fast enough, the buffer overflows and returns to empty state.
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VS1003
9
OPERATION
Note: if SCI_HDAT1 ≥ 896, it may be better to wait for the buffer to overflow and clear before
reading samples. That way you may avoid buffer aliasing.
Each IMA ADPCM block is 128 words, i.e. 256 bytes. If you wish to interrupt reading data
and possibly continue later, please stop at a 128-word boundary. This way whole blocks are
skipped and the encoded stream stays valid.
9.4.3
Adding a RIFF Header
To make your IMA ADPCM file a RIFF / WAV file, you have to add a header before the actual
data. Note that 2- and 4-byte values are little-endian (lowest byte first) in this format:
File Offset
0
4
8
12
16
20
22
24
28
32
34
36
38
40
44
48
52
56
60
316
Field Name
ChunkID
ChunkSize
Format
SubChunk1ID
SubChunk1Size
AudioFormat
NumOfChannels
SampleRate
ByteRate
BlockAlign
BitsPerSample
ByteExtraData
ExtraData
SubChunk2ID
SubChunk2Size
NumOfSamples
SubChunk3ID
SubChunk3Size
Block1
...
Size
4
4
4
4
4
2
2
4
4
2
2
2
2
4
4
4
4
4
256
Bytes
"RIFF"
F0 F1 F2 F3
"WAVE"
"fmt "
0x14 0x0 0x0 0x0
0x11 0x0
0x1 0x0
R0 R1 R2 R3
B0 B1 B2 B3
0x0 0x1
0x4 0x0
0x2 0x0
0xf9 0x1
"fact"
0x4 0x0 0x0 0x0
S0 S1 S2 S3
"data"
D0 D1 D2 D3
Description
File size - 8
20
0x11 for IMA ADPCM
Mono sound
0x1f40 for 8 kHz
0xfd7 for 8 kHz
0x100
4-bit ADPCM
2
Samples per block (505)
4
Data size (File Size-60)
First ADPCM block
More ADPCM data blocks
If we have n audio blocks, the values in the table are as follows:
F = n × 256 + 52
R = Fs (see Chapter 9.4.1 to see how to calculate Fs )
×256
B = Fs505
S = n × 505. D = n × 256
If you know beforehand how much you are going to record, you may fill in the complete header
before any actual data. However, if you don’t know how much you are going to record, you have
to fill in the header size datas F , S and D after finishing recording.
The 128 words (256 bytes) of an ADPCM block are read from SCI_HDAT0 and written into file
as follows. The high 8 bits of SCI_HDAT0 should be written as the first byte to a file, then the
low 8 bits. Note that this is contrary to the default operation of some 16-bit microcontrollers,
and you may have to take extra care to do this right.
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VS1003
9
OPERATION
A way to see if you have written the file in the right way is to check bytes 2 and 3 (the first byte
counts as byte 0) of each 256-byte block. Byte 3 should always be zero.
9.4.4
Playing ADPCM Data
In order to play back your IMA ADPCM recordings, you have to have a file with a header as
described in Chapter 9.4.3. If this is the case, all you need to do is to provide the ADPCM file
through SDI as you would with any audio file.
9.4.5
Sample Rate Considerations
VS10xx chips that support IMA ADPCM playback are capable of playing back ADPCM files with
any sample rate. However, some other programs may expect IMA ADPCM files to have some
exact sample rates, like 8000 or 11025 Hz. Also, some programs or systems do not support
sample rates below 8000 Hz.
However, if you don’t have an appropriate clock, you may not be able to get an exact 8 kHz
sample rate. If you have a 12 MHz clock, the closest sample rate you can get with 2.0 × 12 MHz
and d = 12 is fs = 7812.5Hz. Because the frequency error is only 2.4%, it may be best to set
fs = 8000Hz to the header if the same file is also to be played back with an PC. This causes
the sample to be played back a little faster (one minute is played in 59 seconds).
Note, however, that unless absolutely necessary, sample rates should not be tweaked in the
way described here.
If you want better quality with the expense of increased data rate, you can use higher sample
rates, for example 16 kHz.
9.4.6
Example Code
The following code initializes IMA ADPCM encoding on VS1003b/VS1023 and shows how to
read the data.
const unsigned char
0x52, 0x49, 0x46,
0x57, 0x41, 0x56,
0x14, 0x00, 0x00,
0x40, 0x1f, 0x00,
0x00, 0x01, 0x04,
0x66, 0x61, 0x63,
0x5c, 0x1f, 0x00,
0xe8, 0x0f, 0x00,
};
header[] = {
0x46, 0x1c, 0x10,
0x45, 0x66, 0x6d,
0x00, 0x11, 0x00,
0x00, 0x75, 0x12,
0x00, 0x02, 0x00,
0x74, 0x04, 0x00,
0x00, 0x64, 0x61,
0x00
0x00,
0x74,
0x01,
0x00,
0xf9,
0x00,
0x74,
0x00,
0x20, /*|RIFF....WAVEfmt |*/
0x00,
0x00, /*|........@...×...|*/
0x01,
0x00, /*|......ù.fact....|*/
0x61,
unsigned char db[512]; /* data buffer for saving to disk */
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VS1003
void RecordAdpcm1003(void) {
u_int16 w = 0, idx = 0;
...
9
OPERATION
/* VS1003b/VS1033c */
/* Check and locate free space on disk */
SetMp3Vol(0x1414);
WriteMp3SpiReg(SCI_BASS,
/* Recording monitor volume */
0); /* Bass/treble disabled */
WriteMp3SpiReg(SCI_CLOCKF, 0x4430); /* 2.0x 12.288MHz */
Wait(100);
WriteMp3SpiReg(SCI_AICTRL0, 12);
/* Div -> 12=8kHz 8=12kHz 6=16kHz */
Wait(100);
WriteMp3SpiReg(SCI_AICTRL1, 0);
/* Auto gain */
Wait(100);
if (line_in) {
WriteMp3SpiReg(SCI_MODE, 0x5804); /* Normal SW reset + other bits */
} else {
WriteMp3SpiReg(SCI_MODE, 0x1804); /* Normal SW reset + other bits */
}
for (idx=0; idx < sizeof(header); idx++) { /* Save header first */
db[idx] = header[idx];
}
/* Fix rate if needed */
/*db[24] = rate;*/
/*db[25] = rate>>8;*/
/* Record loop */
while (recording_on) {
do {
w = ReadMp3SpiReg(SCI_HDAT1);
} while (w < 256 || w >= 896); /* wait until 512 bytes available */
while (idx < 512) {
w = ReadMp3SpiReg(SCI_HDAT0);
db[idx++] = w>>8;
db[idx++] = w&0xFF;
}
idx = 0;
write_block(datasector++, db); /* Write output block to disk */
}
}
...
/* Fix WAV header information */
...
/* Then update FAT information */
ResetMP3();
/* Normal reset, restore default settings */
SetMp3Vol(vol);
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VS1003
9.5
9
OPERATION
SPI Boot
If GPIO0 is set with a pull-up resistor to 1 at boot time, VS1003 tries to boot from external SPI
memory.
SPI boot redefines the following pins:
Normal Mode
GPIO0
GPIO1
DREQ
GPIO2
SPI Boot Mode
xCS
CLK
MOSI
MISO
The memory has to be an SPI Bus Serial EEPROM with 16-bit addresses (i.e. at least 1 KiB).
The serial speed used by VS1003 is 245 kHz with the nominal 12.288 MHz clock. The first
three bytes in the memory have to be 0x50, 0x26, 0x48. The exact record format is explained
in the Application Notes for VS10XX.
9.6
Play/Decode
This is the normal operation mode of VS1003. SDI data is decoded. Decoded samples are
converted to analog domain by the internal DAC. If no decodable data is found, SCI_HDAT0
and SCI_HDAT1 are set to 0 and analog outputs are muted.
When there is no input for decoding, VS1003 goes into idle mode (lower power consumption
than during decoding) and actively monitors the serial data input for valid data.
All different formats can be played back-to-back without software reset in-between. Send at
least 4 zeros after each stream. However, using software reset between streams may still be a
good idea, as it guards against broken files. In this case you shouldt wait for the completion of
the decoding (SCI_HDAT0 and SCI_HDAT1 become zero) before issuing software reset.
9.7
Feeding PCM data
VS1003 can be used as a PCM decoder by sending to it a WAV file header. If the length
sent in the WAV file is 0 or 0xFFFFFFF, VS1003 will stay in PCM mode indefinitely (or until
SM_OUTOFWAV has been set). 8-bit linear and 16-bit linear audio is supported in mono or
stereo.
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9.8
9
OPERATION
SDI Tests
There are several test modes in VS1003, which allow the user to perform memory tests, SCI
bus tests, and several different sine wave tests.
All tests are started in a similar way: VS1003 is hardware reset, SM_TESTS is set, and then a
test command is sent to the SDI bus. Each test is started by sending a 4-byte special command
sequence, followed by 4 zeros. The sequences are described below.
9.8.1
Sine Test
Sine test is initialized with the 8-byte sequence 0x53 0xEF 0x6E n 0 0 0 0, where n defines the
sine test to use. n is defined as follows:
Name
F s Idx
S
Bits
7:5
4:0
n bits
Description
Sample rate index
Sine skip speed
F s Idx
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Fs
44100 Hz
48000 Hz
32000 Hz
22050 Hz
24000 Hz
16000 Hz
11025 Hz
12000 Hz
The frequency of the sine to be output can now be calculated from F = F s ×
S
128 .
Example: Sine test is activated with value 126, which is 0b01111110. Breaking n to its components, F s Idx = 0b011 = 3 and thus F s = 22050Hz. S = 0b11110 = 30, and thus the final sine
30
≈ 5168Hz.
frequency F = 22050Hz × 128
To exit the sine test, send the sequence 0x45 0x78 0x69 0x74 0 0 0 0.
Note: Sine test signals go through the digital volume control, so it is possible to test channels
separately.
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9.8.2
9
OPERATION
Pin Test
Pin test is activated with the 8-byte sequence 0x50 0xED 0x6E 0x54 0 0 0 0. This test is meant
for chip production testing only.
9.8.3
Memory Test
Memory test mode is initialized with the 8-byte sequence 0x4D 0xEA 0x6D 0x54 0 0 0 0. After
this sequence, wait for 500000 clock cycles. The result can be read from the SCI register
SCI_HDAT0, and ’one’ bits are interpreted as follows:
Bit(s)
15
14:7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Mask
0x8000
0x0040
0x0020
0x0010
0x0008
0x0004
0x0002
0x0001
0x807f
Meaning
Test finished
Unused
Mux test succeeded
Good I RAM
Good Y RAM
Good X RAM
Good I ROM
Good Y ROM
Good X ROM
All ok
Memory tests overwrite the current contents of the RAM memories.
9.8.4
SCI Test
Sci test is initialized with the 8-byte sequence 0x53 0x70 0xEE n 0 0 0 0, where n is the
register number to test. The content of the given register is read and copied to SCI_HDAT0. If
the register to be tested is HDAT0, the result is copied to SCI_HDAT1.
Example: if n is 0, contents of SCI register 0 (SCI_MODE) is copied to SCI_HDAT0.
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10
10.1
10
VS1003 REGISTERS
VS1003 Registers
Who Needs to Read This Chapter
User software is required when a user wishes to add some own functionality like DSP effects
to VS1003.
However, most users of VS1003 don’t need to worry about writing their own code, or about this
chapter, including those who only download software plug-ins from VLSI Solution’s Web site.
10.2
The Processor Core
VS_DSP is a 16/32-bit DSP processor core that also had extensive all-purpose processor features. VLSI Solution’s free VSKIT Software Package contains all the tools and documentation
needed to write, simulate and debug Assembly Language or Extended ANSI C programs for the
VS_DSP processor core. VLSI Solution also offers a full Integrated Development Environment
VSIDE for full debug capabilities.
10.3
VS1003 Memory Map
VS1003’s Memory Map is shown in Figure 18.
10.4
SCI Registers
SCI registers described in Chapter 8.6 can be found here between 0xC000..0xC00F. In addition
to these registers, there is one in address 0xC010, called SCI_CHANGE.
Reg
0xC010
Type
r
Reset
0
Name
SCI_CH_WRITE
SCI_CH_ADDR
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SCI registers, prefix SCI_
Abbrev[bits]
Description
CHANGE[5:0]
Last SCI access address.
SCI_CHANGE bits
Bits Description
4 1 if last access was a write cycle.
3:0 SPI address of last access.
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VS1003
Instruction (32−bit)
0000
0030
0500
X (16−bit)
10
VS1003 REGISTERS
Y (16−bit)
0000
0030
System Vectors
User
Instruction
RAM
0500
X DATA
RAM
Y DATA
RAM
User
Space
User
Space
Stack
Stack
1800
1800
1880
1940
1880
1940
1C00
1C00
1E00
1E00
4000
4000
Instruction
ROM
X DATA
ROM
8000
Y DATA
ROM
8000
C000
C000
Hardware
Register
Space
C100
C100
Figure 18: User’s Memory Map.
10.5
Serial Data Registers
Reg
0xC011
0xC012
Type
r
w
Reset
0
0
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SDI registers, prefix SER_
Abbrev[bits]
Description
DATA
Last received 2 bytes, big-endian.
DREQ[0]
DREQ pin control.
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10.6
10
VS1003 REGISTERS
DAC Registers
Reg
0xC013
0xC014
0xC015
0xC016
Type
rw
rw
rw
rw
Reset
0
0
0
0
DAC registers, prefix DAC_
Abbrev[bits]
Description
FCTLL
DAC frequency control, 16 LSbs.
FCTLH
DAC frequency control 4MSbs, PLL control.
LEFT
DAC left channel PCM value.
RIGHT
DAC right channel PCM value.
Every fourth clock cycle, an internal 26-bit counter is added to by (DAC_FCTLH & 15) × 65536
+ DAC_FCTLL. Whenever this counter overflows, values from DAC_LEFT and DAC_RIGHT
are read and a DAC interrupt is generated.
10.7
GPIO Registers
Reg
0xC017
0xC018
0xC019
Type
rw
r
rw
Reset
0
0
0
GPIO registers, prefix GPIO_
Abbrev[bits]
Description
DDR[3:0]
Direction.
IDATA[3:0]
Values read from the pins.
ODATA[3:0]
Values set to the pins.
GPIO_DIR is used to set the direction of the GPIO pins. 1 means output. GPIO_ODATA
remembers its values even if a GPIO_DIR bit is set to input.
GPIO registers don’t generate interrupts.
Note that in VS1003 the VSDSP registers can be read and written through the SCI_WRAMADDR
and SCI_WRAM registers. You can thus use the GPIO pins quite conveniently.
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10.8
10
VS1003 REGISTERS
Interrupt Registers
Reg
0xC01A
0xC01B
0xC01C
0xC01D
Type
rw
w
w
rw
Reset
0
0
0
0
Interrupt registers, prefix INT_
Abbrev[bits]
Description
ENABLE[7:0]
Interrupt enable.
GLOB_DIS[-]
Write to add to interrupt counter.
GLOB_ENA[-]
Write to subtract from interript counter.
COUNTER[4:0]
Interrupt counter.
INT_ENABLE controls the interrupts. The control bits are as follows:
Name
INT_EN_TIM1
INT_EN_TIM0
INT_EN_RX
INT_EN_TX
INT_EN_MODU
INT_EN_SDI
INT_EN_SCI
INT_EN_DAC
Bits
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
INT_ENABLE bits
Description
Enable Timer 1 interrupt.
Enable Timer 0 interrupt.
Enable UART RX interrupt.
Enable UART TX interrupt.
Enable AD modulator interrupt.
Enable Data interrupt.
Enable SCI interrupt.
Enable DAC interrupt.
Note: It may take upto 6 clock cycles before changing INT_ENABLE has any effect.
Writing any value to INT_GLOB_DIS adds one to the interrupt counter INT_COUNTER and
effectively disables all interrupts. It may take upto 6 clock cycles before writing to this register
has any effect.
Writing any value to INT_GLOB_ENA subtracts one from the interrupt counter (unless INT_COUNTER
already was 0). If the interrupt counter becomes zero, interrupts selected with INT_ENABLE
are restored. An interrupt routine should always write to this register as the last thing it does,
because interrupts automatically add one to the interrupt counter, but subtracting it back to its
initial value is the responsibility of the user. It may take upto 6 clock cycles before writing this
register has any effect.
By reading INT_COUNTER the user may check if the interrupt counter is correct or not. If the
register is not 0, interrupts are disabled.
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10.9
10
VS1003 REGISTERS
A/D Modulator Registers
Reg
0xC01E
0xC01F
Type
rw
rw
Reset
0
0
Interrupt registers, prefix AD_
Abbrev[bits]
Description
DIV
A/D Modulator divider.
DATA
A/D Modulator data.
AD_DIV controls the AD converter’s sampling frequency. To gather one sample, 128 × n clock
cycles are used (n is value of AD_DIV). The lowest usable value is 4, which gives a 48 kHz
sample rate when CLKI is 24.576 MHz. When AD_DIV is 0, the A/D converter is turned off.
AD_DATA contains the latest decoded A/D value.
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10.10
10
VS1003 REGISTERS
Watchdog v1.0 2002-08-26
The watchdog consist of a watchdog counter and some logic. After reset, the watchdog is
inactive. The counter reload value can be set by writing to WDOG_CONFIG. The watchdog is
activated by writing 0x4ea9 to register WDOG_RESET. Every time this is done, the watchdog
counter is reset. Every 65536’th clock cycle the counter is decremented by one. If the counter
underflows, it will activate vsdsp’s internal reset sequence.
Thus, after the first 0x4ea9 write to WDOG_RESET, subsequent writes to the same register
with the same value must be made no less than every 65536×WDOG_CONFIG clock cycles.
Once started, the watchdog cannot be turned off. Also, a write to WDOG_CONFIG doesn’t
change the counter reload value.
After watchdog has been activated, any read/write operation from/to WDOG_CONFIG or WDOG_DUMMY
will invalidate the next write operation to WDOG_RESET. This will prevent runaway loops from
resetting the counter, even if they do happen to write the correct number. Writing a wrong value
to WDOG_RESET will also invalidate the next write to WDOG_RESET.
Reads from watchdog registers return undefined values.
10.10.1
Reg
0xC020
0xC021
0xC022
Registers
Type
w
w
w
Watchdog, prefix WDOG_
Reset Abbrev
Description
0 CONFIG
Configuration
0 RESET
Clock configuration
0 DUMMY[-] Dummy register
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10.11
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VS1003 REGISTERS
UART v1.0 2002-04-23
RS232 UART implements a serial interface using rs232 standard.
Start
bit
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
Stop
D7 bit
Figure 19: RS232 Serial Interface Protocol
When the line is idling, it stays in logic high state. When a byte is transmitted, the transmission
begins with a start bit (logic zero) and continues with data bits (LSB first) and ends up with a
stop bit (logic high). 10 bits are sent for each 8-bit byte frame.
10.11.1
Reg
0xC028
0xC029
0xC02A
0xC02B
10.11.2
Registers
UART registers, prefix UARTx_
Type Reset Abbrev
Description
r
0 STATUS[3:0] Status
r/w
0 DATA[7:0]
Data
r/w
0 DATAH[15:8] Data High
r/w
0 DIV
Divider
Status UARTx_STATUS
A read from the status register returns the transmitter and receiver states.
Name
UART_ST_RXORUN
UART_ST_RXFULL
UART_ST_TXFULL
UART_ST_TXRUNNING
UARTx_STATUS Bits
Bits Description
3 Receiver overrun
2 Receiver data register full
1 Transmitter data register full
0 Transmitter running
UART_ST_RXORUN is set if a received byte overwrites unread data when it is transferred from
the receiver shift register to the data register, otherwise it is cleared.
UART_ST_RXFULL is set if there is unread data in the data register.
UART_ST_TXFULL is set if a write to the data register is not allowed (data register full).
UART_ST_TXRUNNING is set if the transmitter shift register is in operation.
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10.11.3
10
VS1003 REGISTERS
Data UARTx_DATA
A read from UARTx_DATA returns the received byte in bits 7:0, bits 15:8 are returned as ’0’. If
there is no more data to be read, the receiver data register full indicator will be cleared.
A receive interrupt will be generated when a byte is moved from the receiver shift register to
the receiver data register.
A write to UARTx_DATA sets a byte for transmission. The data is taken from bits 7:0, other
bits in the written value are ignored. If the transmitter is idle, the byte is immediately moved
to the transmitter shift register, a transmit interrupt request is generated, and transmission is
started. If the transmitter is busy, the UART_ST_TXFULL will be set and the byte remains in the
transmitter data register until the previous byte has been sent and transmission can proceed.
10.11.4
Data High UARTx_DATAH
The same as UARTx_DATA, except that bits 15:8 are used.
10.11.5
Divider UARTx_DIV
Name
UART_DIV_D1
UART_DIV_D2
Bits
15:8
7:0
UARTx_DIV Bits
Description
Divider 1 (0..255)
Divider 2 (6..255)
The divider is set to 0x0000 in reset. The ROM boot code must initialize it correctly depending
on the master clock frequency to get the correct bit speed. The second divider (D2 ) must be
from 6 to 255.
The communication speed f =
the TX/RX speed in bps.
fm
(D1 +1)×(D2 )
, where fm is the master clock frequency, and f is
Divider values for common communication speeds at 26 MHz master clock:
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VS1003 REGISTERS
Example UART Speeds, fm = 26M Hz
Comm. Speed [bps] UART_DIV_D1 UART_DIV_D2
4800
85
63
9600
42
63
14400
42
42
19200
51
26
28800
42
21
38400
25
26
57600
1
226
115200
0
226
10.11.6
Interrupts and Operation
Transmitter operates as follows: After an 8-bit word is written to the transmit data register it will
be transmitted instantly if the transmitter is not busy transmitting the previous byte. When the
transmission begins a TX_INTR interrupt will be sent. Status bit [1] informs the transmitter data
register empty (or full state) and bit [0] informs the transmitter (shift register) empty state. A
new word must not be written to transmitter data register if it is not empty (bit [1] = ’0’). The
transmitter data register will be empty as soon as it is shifted to transmitter and the transmission
is begun. It is safe to write a new word to transmitter data register every time a transmit interrupt
is generated.
Receiver operates as follows: It samples the RX signal line and if it detects a high to low
transition, a start bit is found. After this it samples each 8 bit at the middle of the bit time (using
a constant timer), and fills the receiver (shift register) LSB first. Finally if a stop bit (logic high)
is detected the data in the receiver is moved to the reveive data register and the RX_INTR
interrupt is sent and a status bit[2] (receive data register full) is set, and status bit[2] old state is
copied to bit[3] (receive data overrun). After that the receiver returns to idle state to wait for a
new start bit. Status bit[2] is zeroed when the receiver data register is read.
RS232 communication speed is set using two clock dividers. The base clock is the processor
master clock. Bits 15-8 in these registers are for first divider and bits 7-0 for second divider. RX
sample frequency is the clock frequency that is input for the second divider.
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10.12
10
VS1003 REGISTERS
Timers v1.0 2002-04-23
There are two 32-bit timers that can be initialized and enabled independently of each other. If
enabled, a timer initializes to its start value, written by a processor, and starts decrementing
every clock cycle. When the value goes past zero, an interrupt is sent, and the timer initializes
to the value in its start value register, and continues downcounting. A timer stays in that loop
as long as it is enabled.
A timer has a 32-bit timer register for down counting and a 32-bit TIMER1_LH register for
holding the timer start value written by the processor. Timers have also a 2-bit TIMER_ENA
register. Each timer is enabled (1) or disabled (0) by a corresponding bit of the enable register.
10.12.1
Reg
0xC030
0xC031
0xC034
0xC035
0xC036
0xC037
0xC038
0xC039
0xC03A
0xC03B
10.12.2
Registers
Type
r/w
r/w
r/w
r/w
r/w
r/w
r/w
r/w
r/w
r/w
Timer registers, prefix TIMER_
Reset Abbrev
Description
0 CONFIG[7:0] Timer configuration
0 ENABLE[1:0] Timer enable
0 T0L
Timer0 startvalue - LSBs
0 T0H
Timer0 startvalue - MSBs
0 T0CNTL
Timer0 counter - LSBs
0 T0CNTH
Timer0 counter - MSBs
0 T1L
Timer1 startvalue - LSBs
0 T1H
Timer1 startvalue - MSBs
0 T1CNTL
Timer1 counter - LSBs
0 T1CNTH
Timer1 counter - MSBs
Configuration TIMER_CONFIG
Name
TIMER_CF_CLKDIV
TIMER_CONFIG Bits
Bits Description
7:0 Master clock divider
TIMER_CF_CLKDIV is the master clock divider for all timer clocks. The generated internal
fm
clock frequency fi = c+1
, where fm is the master clock frequency and c is TIMER_CF_CLKDIV.
Example: With a 12 MHz master clock, TIMER_CF_DIV=3 divides the master clock by 4, and
Hz
the output/sampling clock would thus be fi = 12M
3+1 = 3M Hz.
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10.12.3
VS1003 REGISTERS
Configuration TIMER_ENABLE
Name
TIMER_EN_T1
TIMER_EN_T0
10.12.4
10
TIMER_ENABLE Bits
Bits Description
1 Enable timer 1
0 Enable timer 0
Timer X Startvalue TIMER_Tx[L/H]
The 32-bit start value TIMER_Tx[L/H] sets the initial counter value when the timer is reset. The
fi
timer interrupt frequency ft = c+1
where fi is the master clock obtained with the clock divider
(see Chapter 10.12.2 and c is TIMER_Tx[L/H].
Example: With a 12 MHz master clock and with TIMER_CF_CLKDIV=3, the master clock fi =
Hz
3M Hz. If TIMER_TH=0, TIMER_TL=99, then the timer interrupt frequency ft = 3M
99+1 =
30kHz.
10.12.5
Timer X Counter TIMER_TxCNT[L/H]
TIMER_TxCNT[L/H] contains the current counter values. By reading this register pair, the user
may get knowledge of how long it will take before the next timer interrupt. Also, by writing to
this register, a one-shot different length timer interrupt delay may be realized.
10.12.6
Interrupts
Each timer has its own interrupt, which is asserted when the timer counter underflows.
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10.13
10
VS1003 REGISTERS
System Vector Tags
The System Vector Tags are tags that may be replaced by the user to take control over several
decoder functions.
10.13.1
AudioInt, 0x20
Normally contains the following VS_DSP assembly code:
jmpi DAC_INT_ADDRESS,(i6)+1
The user may, at will, replace the first instruction with a jmpi command to gain control over the
audio interrupt.
10.13.2
SciInt, 0x21
Normally contains the following VS_DSP assembly code:
jmpi SCI_INT_ADDRESS,(i6)+1
The user may, at will, replace the instruction with a jmpi command to gain control over the SCI
interrupt.
10.13.3
DataInt, 0x22
Normally contains the following VS_DSP assembly code:
jmpi SDI_INT_ADDRESS,(i6)+1
The user may, at will, replace the instruction with a jmpi command to gain control over the SDI
interrupt.
10.13.4
ModuInt, 0x23
Normally contains the following VS_DSP assembly code:
jmpi MODU_INT_ADDRESS,(i6)+1
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VS1003 REGISTERS
The user may, at will, replace the instruction with a jmpi command to gain control over the AD
Modulator interrupt.
10.13.5
TxInt, 0x24
Normally contains the following VS_DSP assembly code:
jmpi EMPTY_INT_ADDRESS,(i6)+1
The user may, at will, replace the instruction with a jmpi command to gain control over the
UART TX interrupt.
10.13.6
RxInt, 0x25
Normally contains the following VS_DSP assembly code:
jmpi RX_INT_ADDRESS,(i6)+1
The user may, at will, replace the first instruction with a jmpi command to gain control over the
UART RX interrupt.
10.13.7
Timer0Int, 0x26
Normally contains the following VS_DSP assembly code:
jmpi EMPTY_INT_ADDRESS,(i6)+1
The user may, at will, replace the first instruction with a jmpi command to gain control over the
Timer 0 interrupt.
10.13.8
Timer1Int, 0x27
Normally contains the following VS_DSP assembly code:
jmpi EMPTY_INT_ADDRESS,(i6)+1
The user may, at will, replace the first instruction with a jmpi command to gain control over the
Timer 1 interrupt.
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10.13.9
10
VS1003 REGISTERS
UserCodec, 0x0
Normally contains the following VS_DSP assembly code:
jr
nop
If the user wants to take control away from the standard decoder, the first instruction should be
replaced with an appropriate j command to user’s own code.
Unless the user is feeding MP3 or WMA data at the same time, the system activates the user
program in less than 1 ms. After this, the user should steal interrupt vectors from the system,
and insert user programs.
10.14
System Vector Functions
The System Vector Functions are pointers to some functions that the user may call to help
implementing his own applications.
10.14.1
WriteIRam(), 0x2
VS_DSP C prototype:
void WriteIRam(register __i0 u_int16 *addr, register __a1 u_int16 msW, register __a0 u_int16
lsW);
This is the preferred way to write to the User Instruction RAM.
10.14.2
ReadIRam(), 0x4
VS_DSP C prototype:
u_int32 ReadIRam(register __i0 u_int16 *addr);
This is the preferred way to read from the User Instruction RAM.
A1 contains the MSBs and a0 the LSBs of the result.
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10.14.3
10
VS1003 REGISTERS
DataBytes(), 0x6
VS_DSP C prototype:
u_int16 DataBytes(void);
If the user has taken over the normal operation of the system by switching the pointer in UserCodec to point to his own code, he may read data from the Data Interface through this and the
following two functions.
This function returns the number of data bytes that can be read.
10.14.4
GetDataByte(), 0x8
VS_DSP C prototype:
u_int16 GetDataByte(void);
Reads and returns one data byte from the Data Interface. This function will wait until there is
enough data in the input buffer.
10.14.5
GetDataWords(), 0xa
VS_DSP C prototype:
void GetDataWords(register __i0 __y u_int16 *d, register __a0 u_int16 n);
Read n data byte pairs and copy them in big-endian format (first byte to MSBs) to d. This
function will wait until there is enough data in the input buffer.
10.14.6
Reboot(), 0xc
VS_DSP C prototype:
void Reboot(void);
Causes a software reboot, i.e. jump to the standard firmware without reinitializing the IRAM
vectors.
This is NOT the same as the software reset function, which causes complete initialization.
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11
11
DOCUMENT VERSION CHANGES
Document Version Changes
This chapter describes the most important changes to this document.
Version 1.06, 2010-03-14
• SCI Test description fixed.
• CVDD limits changed.
Version 1.04, 2009-02-03
• Typical characteristics added to section 4.7, some values changed in section 4.3.
Version 1.03, 2008-07-21
• Max SCI read clock changed from CLKI/6 to CLKI/7.
• Typical connection diagram updated.
• SCI commands need a fixed delay if DREQ is low.
• AD_DIV documentation fixed.
Version 1.02, 2006-07-13
• Some clarifications to ADPCM recording.
• GBUF is now called Common mode buffer.
• Updated the connection diagram in Section 6
Version 1.01, 2005-12-08
• ADPCM recording section added (section 9.4)
• Changed output voltage current to 1 mA, max CLKI to 52 MHz, temperature range 40..85◦ C.
Version 1.00, 2005-09-05
• AVDD maximum reduced to 2.85 V
• Production version, no longer preliminary
Version 0.93, 2005-06-23
• Power consumption limits updated
Version 0.92, 2005-06-07
• License clause updated
• Midi instruments listed
• Recommended temperature range -25◦ C..+70◦
Version: 1.05, 2011-04-13
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VS1003
12
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CONTACT INFORMATION
Contact Information
VLSI Solution Oy
Entrance G, 2nd floor
Hermiankatu 8
FI-33720 Tampere
FINLAND
联系人：王立青
phone:0755-82565571
手机：１３２６７２３１７２５
ＱＱ：２３５５３５５２５４
Email:[email protected]
URL:
http://www.vlsi.fi/
URL: http://www.vlsi.fi/
Version: 1.05, 2011-04-13
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