ETC BT481AKPJ110

Bt481A
110 MHz 256-Word Color Palette 15-, 16-, and
24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
Designed specifically for high-performance color graphics, the Bt481A RAMDAC supports three true-color modes: 15-bit (5:5:5, 32 K colors) TARGA format, 16-bit (5:6:5, 65 K colors) XGA format, and 24-bit BGR (8:8:8, RGB/
BGR, 16.8 M colors) true-color format. It also supports 8-bit pseudo-color format (256 colors).
The Bt481A has a 256 x 18 (24) lookup table RAM, 15 x 8 (24) overlay registers, and triple 8-bit D/A converters. Both 6- and 8-bit color modes are supported.
A power-down mode is available on the Bt481A to reduce power requirements when the analog outputs are not used. This is useful in laptop computer
systems that require the option to drive an external RGB monitor.
The Bt481A has on-chip analog output comparators to simplify diagnostics
and debugging, with the result output onto the SENSE* pin. Also included is an
on-chip voltage reference to simplify use of the device.
The Bt481A generates RS-343-compatible video signals into a doubly terminated load.
Functional Block Diagram
VAA
GND
VREF
IREF
Reference
Amplifier
1.2 V
OPA
CLOCK
COMP
P[7:0]
8
Pixel
Read
Mask Reg
4
Overlay
Mask
Reg
SYNC*
BLANK*
DAC
IOR
6 (8)
DAC
IOG
6 (8)
DAC
IOB
256 x 18 (24)
Color
Palette
Latch
OL0–OL3
6 (8)
15 x 18 (24)
Overlay
Color
Palette
SETUP
Compare
8
R
6 (8)
D[7:0]
Brooktree
®
G
6 (8)
BUS Control
B
6 (8)
RD* WR*
• 110 MHz Operation
• Supports 8:8:8:8, 24-bit true color
and VGA overlay
• Supports 8:8:8 24-bit RGB/BGR
selectable true-color format
• Supports 5:6:5 XGA true-color
format
• Supports 5:5:5 TARGA true-color
format
• Replaces Bt471/475/476/477/478
which are pin compatible
• Power-on reset for internal
registers
• Power-down mode
• Antisparkle circuitry
• Analog output conparators
• Triple 6-bit (8-bit) D/A converters
• 256 x 18 (24) color palette RAM
• 15 x 18 (24) overlay registers
• Optional internal voltage reference
• Programmable pedestal
• Sync on all three channels
• Standard MPU interface
• 44-pin PLCC package
Applications
TRUECOL*
ADDR Reg
Distinguishing Features
SENSE*
6*/8
•
•
•
•
•
•
High-resolution color graphics
CAE/CAD/CAM
Image processing
Instrumentation
Desktop publishing
Laptop computers
RS[2:0]
Brooktree Corporation • Rockwell Semiconductor Systems, Inc. • 9868 Scranton Road • San Diego, CA 92121-3707
619-452-7580 • 1-800-2-BT-APPS • FAX: 619-452-1249 • Internet: [email protected] • L481A_C
Ordering Information
Model Number
Color
Palette RAM
Overlay
Palette
Speed
Package
Ambient
Temperature Range
Bt481AKPJ110
256 x 24
15 x 24
110 MHz
44-Pin Plastic J-Lead
0° to +70° C
Note: The Bt481AKPJ110 replaces the following products: Bt471, Bt475, Bt476, Bt477, Bt478, Bt481/482/483.
Copyright © 1996 Brooktree Corporation. All rights reserved.
Print date: November 1996
Brooktree reserves the right to make changes to its products or specifications to improve performance, reliability, or
manufacturability. Information furnished by Brooktree Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no
responsibility is assumed by Brooktree Corporation for its use; nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties
which may result from its use. No license is granted by its implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Brooktree
Corporation.
Brooktree products are not designed or intended for use in life support appliances, devices, or systems where malfunction of a
Brooktree product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury or death. Brooktree customers using or selling Brooktree
products for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Brooktree for any damages resulting from
such improper use or sale.
Brooktree is a registered trademark of Brooktree Corporation. Product names or services listed in this publication are for
identification purposes only, and may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. All other marks
mentioned herein are the property of their respective holders.
Specifications are subject to change without notice.
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
List of Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Pin Information and Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
MPU Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Writing Color Palette RAM Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reading Color Palette RAM Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Writing Overlay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reading Overlay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15, 16, and 24/32 Bits-per-Pixel Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15, 16, and 24 Bits-per-Pixel Dual-Edge Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15, 16, and 24 Bits-per-Pixel Single-Edge Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Additional Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
6
6
6
7
7
8
8
Accessing Command Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Accessing Command Register B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Accessing Command Registers Without The RS2 Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Automatic Detection Without The RS2 Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6-Bit/8-Bit Color Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Power-Down Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
SENSE* Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Internal VREF and DAC Output Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Controller Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Internal Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Command Register A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Command Register B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Brooktree
®
L481A_C
iii
Bt481A
TABLE OF CONTENTS
110 MHz 256-Word Color Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
PC Board Layout Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Component Placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Power and Ground Planes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Device Decoupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Power Supply Decoupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
COMP Decoupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
VREF Decoupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Digital Signal Interconnect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Analog Signal Interconnect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Analog Output Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
22
22
22
26
26
26
26
27
Application Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Using Multiple Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ESD and Latchup Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reference Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sleep Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Initializing the Bt481A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29
29
29
29
30
Parametric Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
DC Electrical Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
AC Electrical Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Timing Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Package Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Revision History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
iv
L481A_C
Brooktree
®
Bt481A
110 MHz 256-Word Color Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
LIST OF FIGURES
List of Figures
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
Figure 7.
Figure 8.
Figure 9.
Figure 10.
Figure 11.
Figure 12.
Figure 13.
Figure 14.
Figure 15.
Figure 16.
Figure 17.
Brooktree
®
Pinout Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Detailed Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Bt481A Internal VREF and DAC Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
RS-343A Composite Video Output Waveforms (SETUP = 7.5 IRE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
RS-343A Composite Video Output Waveforms (SETUP = 0 IRE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
PS/2 Composite Video Output Waveforms (SETUP = 0 IRE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Sample Layout Showing Power and Ground Plane Isolation Gaps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Typical Connection Diagram and Parts List (Internal Voltage Reference) . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Typical Connection Diagram and Parts List (External Voltage Reference) . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Typical Connection Diagram and Parts List (External Current Reference) . . . . . . . . . . . 25
MPU Read/Write Timing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Video Input/Output Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
15-, 16-, and 24-Bit-Per-Pixel (RGB) Timing, Dual-Edge Clock Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
15-, 16-, and 32-Bit-Per-Pixel (BGR) Timing, Dual-Edge Clock Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
15-, 16-, and 24-Bit-Per-Pixel (RGB) Timing, Single-Edge Clock Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
15-, 16-, and 24-Bit-Per-Pixel (BGR) Timing, Single-Edge Clock Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
44-Pin Plastic J-Lead (PLCC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
L481A_C
v
Bt481A
LIST OF TABLES
110 MHz 256-Word Color Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
List of Tables
Table 1.
Table 2.
Table 3.
Table 4.
Table 5.
Table 6.
Table 7.
Table 8.
Table 9.
Table 10.
Table 11.
Table 12.
Table 13.
vi
Pin Descriptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Control Input Truth Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Address Register (ADDR) Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Word Assignments to DACs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Indirect Register Addressing Truth Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Pixel and Overlay Control Truth Table (Pixel Read Mask Register = $FF) . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
RS-343A Video Output Truth Table (SETUP = 7.5 IRE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
RS-343A Video Output Truth Table (SETUP = 0 IRE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
PS/2 Video Output Truth Table (SETUP = 0 IRE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Recommended Operating Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Absolute Maximum Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
DC Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
AC Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
L481A_C
Brooktree
®
FUNCTIONAL
DESCRIPTION
Pin Information and Block Diagram
Table 1 details the Bt481A’s pin numbers, names, and descriptions. Figure 1 illustrates the pinout. Figure 2 is a detailed block diagram of the Bt481A.
Table 1. Pin Descriptions (1 of 3)
Pin Number
Pin Name
Description
7
BLANK*
Composite Blank Control Input (TTL compatible). A logic zero drives the analog outputs
to the blanking level, as specified in Tables 7–9. BLANK* is latched on the rising edge of
CLOCK. When BLANK* is a logical zero, the pixel and overlay inputs are ignored.
23
SETUP
Setup Control Input (TTL compatible). This input is used to specify either a 0 IRE (logical zero) or 7.5 IRE (logical one) blanking pedestal. This pin should not be left floating
5
SYNC*
Composite Sync Control Input (TTL compatible). A logical zero on this input switches off
a 40 IRE current source on the analog outputs (see Figures 8–10). SYNC* does not
override any other control or data input, as shown in Tables 7–9; therefore, it should be
asserted only during the blanking interval. It is latched on the rising edge of CLOCK. If
sync information is not required on the video outputs, SYNC* should be connected to
GND.
40
CLOCK
Clock Input (TTL compatible). The rising edge of CLOCK latches the P[7:0], OL[3:0],
SYNC*, and BLANK* inputs. It is typically the pixel clock rate of the video system. It is
recommended that CLOCK be driven by a dedicated TTL buffer to avoid reflection-induced jitter.
32–39
P[7:0]
Pixel Select Inputs (TTL compatible). These inputs specify, on a pixel basis, which one
of the 256 entries in the color palette RAM is to be used to provide color information.
They are latched on the rising edge of CLOCK. P[0] is the LSB. Unused inputs should
be connected to GND.
41–44
OL[3:0]
Overlay Select Inputs (TTL compatible). These inputs specify which palette is to be
used to provide color information, as specified in Table 6. When the overlay palette is
accessed, the P[7:0] inputs are ignored. They are latched on the rising edge of CLOCK.
OL[0] is the LSB. Unused inputs should be connected to GND.
Brooktree
®
L481A_C
1
Bt481A
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
110 MHz 256-Word Clor Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
Pin Information and Block Diagram
Table 1. Pin Descriptions (2 of 3)
Pin Number
Pin Name
Description
1
COMP
Compensation Pin. If an external or internal voltage reference is used, this pin should
be connected to the reference amplifier output (OPA pin). If an external current reference is used, this pin should be connected to full-scale adjust control (IREF pin). A 0.1
µF ceramic capacitor must always be used to bypass this pin to VAA. The COMP capacitor must be as close to the device as possible to keep lead lengths to an absolute minimum. The PC Board Layout Considerations section contains critical layout information.
31
VREF
Voltage Reference Input. If an external voltage reference is used, it must supply this
input with a 1.235 V (typical) reference. If an external current reference is used, this pin
should be left floating, except for the bypass capacitor. A 0.1 µF ceramic capacitor
should decouple this input to GND. The decoupling capacitor must be as close to the
device as possible to keep lead lengths to an absolute minimum. When using the internal reference, this pin should not drive any external circuitry other than the decoupling
capacitor. The PC Board Layout Considerations section contains further information.
30
OPA
Reference Amplifier Output. If an external or internal voltage reference is used, this pin
must be connected to COMP. When an external current reference is used, this pin
should be left floating. The PC Board Layout Considerations section contains further
information.
25–27
IOR, IOG,
IOB
Red, Green, And Blue Current Outputs. These high-impedance current sources can
directly drive a doubly-terminated 75 Ω coaxial cable. The PC Board Layout Considerations section contains further information.
28
IREF
Full-Scale Adjust Control. The IRE relationships in Figures 8–10 are maintained,
regardless of the full-scale output current. When an external or internal voltage reference is used, a resistor (RSET) connected between this pin and GND controls the magnitude of the full-scale video signal. The relationship between RSET and the full-scale
output current on each output is:
RSET (Ω) = K * 1,000 * VREF (V) / Iout (mA)
K is defined in the table below. It is recommended that a 147 Ω RSET resistor be used
for doubly-terminated 75 Ω loads (i.e., RS-343A applications). For PS/2 applications
(i.e., 0.7 V into 50 Ω with no sync), a 182 Ω RSET resistor is recommended.
Mode
Pedestal
K (with sync)
K (no sync)
6-bit
7.5 IRE
3.17
2.26
8-bit
7.5 IRE
3.195
2.28
6-bit
0 IRE
3.0
2.10
8-bit
0 IRE
3.028
2.12
See the PC Board Layout Considerations section for further information.
16
WR*
Write Control Input (TTL compatible). D[7:0] data is latched on the rising edge of WR*,
and RS[2:0] are latched on the falling edge of WR* during MPU write operations. RD*
and WR* should not be asserted simultaneously.
6
RD*
Read Control Input (TTL compatible). To read data from the device, RD* must be a logical zero. RS[2:0] are latched on the falling edge of RD* during MPU read operations.
RD* and WR* should not be asserted simultaneously.
2
L481A_C
Brooktree
®
Bt481A
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
Pin Information and Block Diagram
110 MHz 256-Word Clor Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
Table 1. Pin Descriptions (3 of 3)
Pin Number
Pin Name
Description
17–19
RS[2:0]
Register Select Inputs (TTL compatible). RS[2:0] specify the type of read or write operation being performed, as detailed in Tables 2 and 3.
8–15
D[7:0]
Data Bus (TTL compatible). Data is transferred into and out of the device over this 8-bit
bidirectional data bus. D0 is the least significant bit.
2
6*/8
6-Bit/8-Bit Select Input (TTL compatible). This pin specifies whether the MPU is reading
and writing 8 bits (logical one) or 6 bits (logical zero) of color information each cycle. For
8-bit operation, MPU Bit D[7] is the most significant bit during read/write cycles. For
6-bit operation, MPU bit D[5] is the most significant bit during read/write cycles. (D[7]
and D[6] are ignored during write cycles and are logical zero during read cycles.)
1
SENSE*
Sense Output (CMOS compatible). SENSE* is a logical zero if one or more of the IOR,
IOG, and IOB outputs have exceeded the internal voltage reference level. SENSE* may
not be stable while SYNC* is toggling. The SENSE* output can drive only one CMOS
load.
20
TRUECOL*
True-Color Mode Select Input (TTL compatible). This signal is inverted and logically
ORed with bit A[7] in Command Register A. A logical zero will enable the true-color
modes. By programming the proper command register bits, the user can choose either
5:5:5, 5:6:5, 8:8:8, or 8:8:8:OL and determine whether the pixels are input on a single
clock edge or a dual clock edge (see the Command Register section for details). The
TRUECOL* pin should be tied to VAA to disable the hardware selection of the true-color
mode.
4, 21, 22
VAA
Analog Power. All VAA pins must be connected together on the same PCB plane to prevent latchup.
3, 24
GND
Analog Ground. All GND pins must be connected together on the same PCB plane to
prevent latchup.
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
P[7]
P[6]
P[5]
P[4]
P[3]
P[2]
P[1]
P[0]
Vref
Opa
Comp
Figure 1. Pinout Diagram
40
41
42
43
44
1
2
3
4
5
6
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
Iref
Iob
Iog
Ior
Gnd
Setup
Vaa
Vaa
Truecol*
Rs[2]
Rs[1]
Blank*
D[0]
D[1]
D[2]
D[3]
D[4]
D[5]
D[6]
D[7]
Wr*
Rs[0]
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Clock
Ol[0]
Ol[1]
Ol[2]
Ol[3]
Sense*
6*/8
Gnd
Vaa
Sync*
Rd*
Brooktree
®
L481A_C
3
4
TRUECOL*
SETUP
L481A_C
Pixel Read Mask Registers
Overlay Read
Mask Buffers
Pixel Read
Mask Buffers
8
Address
Register
Command Registers A and B
Overlay Read Mask Registers
4
RD* WR* RS[2:0] 6*/8
3
MPU Control
Logic
Latch
8
15-, 16-, or 24/32-bits
6(8)
R
8
D[7:0]
8
6(8)
G
6(8)
B
15 x 18 (24)
Overlay
Color Palette
256 x 18 (24)
RGB
Color Palette
15-, 16-, or 24-bits
Control
MUX
MUX
MUX
Sense
Comparators
B
G
R
Reference
Amplifier
SENSE*
IOB
IOG
IOR
COMP
OPA
Pin Information and Block Diagram
OL[3:0]
BLANK*
SYNC*
P[7:0]
CLOCK
1.2 V
VREF IREF
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
110 MHz 256-Word Clor Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
Bt481A
Figure 2. Detailed Block Diagram
Brooktree
®
Bt481A
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
110 MHz 256-Word Clor Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
MPU Interface
MPU Interface
As illustrated in the detailed block diagram (Figure 2), the Bt481A supports a standard MPU bus interface, allowing the MPU direct access to the color palette RAM
and overlay color registers.
The RS[2:0] select inputs specify whether the MPU is accessing the address
register, color palette RAM, overlay registers, or read mask register, as shown in
Table 2. The 8-bit address register addresses the color palette RAM and overlay
registers, eliminating the requirement for external address multiplexers. ADDR0
corresponds to D[0] and is the least significant bit (see Table 3).
Table 2. Control Input Truth Table
RS[2]
RS[1]
RS[0]
Addressed by MPU
0
0
0
Address Register (Palette Write Mode)
0
1
1
Address Register (Palette Read Mode)
0
0
1
Color Palette RAM
0
1
0
Pixel Read Mask Register
1
0
0
Address Register (Overlay Write Mode)
1
1
1
Address Register (Overlay Read Mode)
1
0
1
Overlay Registers
1
1
0
Command Register A
Table 3. Address Register (ADDR) Operation
Value
ADDRa, (Counts Modulo 3)
00
01
10
ADDR[7:0] (Counts Binary)
$00–$FF
0000 0000
0000 0001
:
0000 1111
Brooktree
®
RS[2]
RS[1]
RS[0]
Addressed by MPU
Red Value
Green Value
Blue Value
0
1
1
:
1
L481A_C
0
0
0
:
0
1
1
1
:
1
Color Palette RAM
Reserved
Overlay Color 1
:
Overlay Color 15
5
Bt481A
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
MPU Interface
6
110 MHz 256-Word Clor Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
Writing Color Palette
RAM Data
To write color data, the MPU writes the address register (RAM write mode) with
the address of the color palette RAM location to be modified. The MPU performs
three successive write cycles (6 or 8 bits each of red, green, and blue), using
RS[2:0] to select the color palette RAM. After the blue write cycle, the 3 bytes of
color information are concatenated into an 18-bit or 24-bit word and written to the
location specified by the address register. The address register then increments to
the next location, which the MPU may modify by writing another sequence of red,
green, and blue data. A block of color values in consecutive locations may be written to by writing the start address and performing continuous RGB write cycles until the entire block has been written.
Reading Color Palette
RAM Data
To read color palette RAM data, the MPU loads the address register (RAM read
mode) with the address of the color palette RAM location to be read. The contents
of the color palette RAM at the specified address are copied into the RGB registers,
and the address register is incremented to the next RAM location. The MPU performs three successive read cycles (6 or 8 bits each of red, green, and blue), using
RS[2:0] to select the color palette RAM. Following the blue read cycle, the contents of the color palette RAM at the address specified by the address register are
copied into the RGB registers and the address register again increments. A block of
color values in consecutive locations may be read by writing the start address and
performing continuous RGB read cycles until the entire block has been read.
Writing Overlay
To write overlay data, the MPU writes the address register (overlay write mode)
with the address of the overlay location to be modified. The MPU performs three
successive write cycles (6 or 8 bits each of red, green, and blue), using RS[2:0] to
select the overlay registers. After the blue write cycle, the 3 bytes of color information are concatenated into an 18-bit or 24-bit word and written to the overlay location specified by the address register. The address register then increments to the
next location, which the MPU may modify by writing another sequence of red,
green, and blue data. A block of color values in consecutive locations may be written to by writing the start address and performing continuous RGB write cycles until the entire block has been written.
Reading Overlay
To read overlay data, the MPU loads the address register (overlay read mode) with
the address of the overlay location to be read. The contents of the overlay register
at the specified address are copied into the RGB registers, and the address register
is incremented to the next overlay location. The MPU performs three successive
read cycles (6 or 8 bits each of red, green, and blue), using RS[2:0] to select the
overlay registers. Following the blue read cycle, the contents of the overlay location at the address specified by the address register are copied into the RGB registers and the address register again increments. A block of color values in
consecutive locations may be read by writing the start address and performing continuous RGB read cycles until the entire block has been read.
L481A_C
Brooktree
®
Bt481A
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
110 MHz 256-Word Clor Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
15, 16, and 24/32
Bits-per-Pixel Operation
MPU Interface
When the 15, 16, or 24/32 bits-per-pixel modes are activated (see Command Register A in the Internal Registers section), the inputs accept 16, 24, or 32 bits of pixel
information from the 8-pin pixel port P[7:0]. The 8-bit inputs form a 16- or 24-bit
pixel (B15–0/B23–B0) to directly drive the 8-bit triple video DACs. The color
lookup table and the read mask register are bypassed. Internally, the unused LSBs
of all DACs are forced to zero in 15 or 16 bits-per-pixel modes. The 16- and 24-bit
word (B15–0/B23–B0) is assigned to the DACs according to Table 4.
Table 4. Word Assignments to DACs
8:8:8:8
True Color
Format RGB
15, 16, and 24
Bits-per-Pixel
Dual-Edge Clock
Brooktree
®
8:8:8:8
True Color
Format BGR
5:6:5
XGA Format
5:5:5
TARGA
Format
Comments
B15
Ignored
B7–B0
B23–B16
B15–B11
B14–B10
Red DAC
B15–B8
B15–B8
B10–B5
B9–B5
Green DAC
B23–B16
B7–B0
B4–B0
B4–B0
Blue DAC
B31–B24
B31–B24
Palette or
Masked
In the 15 and 16 bits-per-pixel dual-edge clock mode (see the Command Register
A, bits A[7:4] description in the Internal Registers section), the least significant
byte is latched on the rising edge of the pixel clock when BLANK* high is latched.
Also in this mode, the most significant byte is latched on the falling edge of the
pixel clock when BLANK* high is latched. Therefore, only one input clock period
is required to load a 16-bit pixel.
In the 32 bits-per-pixel dual-edge clock mode, 32 bits of data, 24 bits of
true-color and 8 bits of palette index are latched on two rising and two falling edges. Therefore, only two input clock cycles are required to load a 32-bit pixel. If palette indexing is not required, logical zeros can be written for the palette overlay
data, as location zero in the palette RAM cannot be accessed in this mode. Or palette overlay data can be masked out through the pixel read mask register. If the palette index data is not a logical zero or masked, the data will address any one of 255
locations in the palette RAM. Palette data has priority over bypass data.
L481A_C
7
Bt481A
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
MPU Interface
8
110 MHz 256-Word Clor Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
15, 16, and 24
Bits-per-Pixel
Single-Edge Clock
In the 15 and 16 bits-per-pixel single-edge clock mode (see Command Register A
in the Internal Registers section), the inputs accept 16 bits of information by using
two input clock cycles. The least significant byte is latched on the first rising edge
of the input clock, and the most significant byte is latched on the second rising
edge of the input clock. The bytes are synchronized with the BLANK* signal. The
first byte latched after BLANK* goes high is the least significant byte. Since a pixel is latched in two clock cycles, the input clock must be twice as fast as the internal
pipeline clock. The Bt481A has an internal divider to generate the pipeline clock
from the input clock.
In the 24 bits-per-pixel single-edge clock mode, the inputs accept 24 bits of pixel data by using three input clock cycles. The red byte is latched on the first rising
edge of the pixel clock when BLANK* high is latched. The next two clock cycles
latch the green and blue bytes. Since a 24-bit pixel is latched in three input clock
cycles, the input clock must be three times as fast as the internal pipeline clock.
The Bt481A has an internal divider to generate the pipeline clock from the pixel input clock. Palette data has priority over bypass data.
Additional Information
When the MPU is accessing the color palette RAM, the address register resets to
$00 following a blue read or write cycle to RAM location $FF. While the MPU is
accessing the overlay color registers, the 4 most significant bits of the address register (ADDR[7:4]) are ignored.
The MPU interface operates asynchronously to the pixel clock. Data transfers
between the color palette RAM/overlay registers and the color registers (R, G, and
B in the block diagram) are synchronized by internal logic. Data transfers take
place in the period between MPU accesses. To reduce noticeable sparkling on the
CRT during MPU access to the color palette RAMs, internal logic maintains the
previous output color data on the analog outputs while the transfer between lookup
table RAMs and the RGB registers occurs.
To keep track of the red, green, and blue read/write cycles, the address register
has 2 additional bits (ADDRa and ADDRb) that count modulo three, as shown in
Table 3. They are reset to zero when the MPU writes to the address register and are
not reset to zero when the MPU reads the address register. The MPU does not have
access to these bits. The other 8 bits of the address register, incremented following
a blue read or write cycle (ADDR[7:0]), are accessible to the MPU. These bits are
used to address color palette RAM locations and overlay registers. The MPU may
read the address register at any time without modifying its contents or the existing
read/write mode. The pixel clock must be active for MPU accesses to the color palette RAM.
L481A_C
Brooktree
®
Bt481A
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
Accessing Command Registers
110 MHz 256-Word Clor Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
Accessing Command Registers
Accessing Command
Register B
Command Register B is defined to select SETUP, 6-bit/8-bit, and the sleep modes
of Bt481A. There are only three register select lines and all eight combinations
have already been used. Therefore, Command Register B must be accessed indirectly through Pixel Read Mode Register. Bit A0 of Command Register A must be
set to a logical one to enable access to extended registers.
For example, Command Register B can be accessed with the following sequence of operations:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Set RS[2:0] = 110 to access Command Register A.
Write a logical one to Command Register A, bit A[0].
Set RS[2:0] = 000 for address register write mode.
Write address register to 0000 0010 for Command Register B.
Set RS[2:0] = 010 for pixel read mask register.
Read or write Command Register B.
Set RS[2:0] = 110 to access Command Register A.
Reset Command Register A, bit A[0] to a logical zero.
Table 5 contains specifications to indirectly address other registers.
Table 5. Indirect Register Addressing Truth Table
ADDR 0–7 (counts binary)
Accessing Command
Registers Without The
RS2 Line
Brooktree
®
Value
RS[2]
RS[1]
RS[0]
Bit A[0]
Registers
0000 0000
0
1
0
1
Read Mask Register
0000 0001
0
1
0
1
Overlay Mask Register
0000 0010
0
1
0
1
Command Register B
When the overlay functionality of the Bt481A is not used and the Register Select
Line 2 (RS2) must be tied low at all times, the command registers of the Bt481A
can still be accessed.
A flag will be set when the pixel read mask register (RS[1] = 1 and RS[0] = 0)
is read four times consecutively. The next write to the pixel read mask register will
be directed to Command Register A and can be used to set the bits in that register.
Any access of the command register thereafter will also require four consecutive
reads to the pixel read mask register. A write to any address other than the pixel
read mask register will reset the flag.
If bit A2 in Command Register A is set to logical one, internally, the RS2 signal
will also be set to logical one, even if the RS[2] pin is grounded. If bit A2 in Command Register A is set to logical zero, the state of the RS2 signal will depend on the
logic state of the RS[2] pin.
L481A_C
9
Bt481A
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
Accessing Command Registers
Automatic Detection
Without The RS2 Line
10
110 MHz 256-Word Clor Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
In some applications it is necessary to detect the presence of Bt481A. This may be
automated with a software routine accessing Command Register B. Bt481A's
Command Register B has a unique signature which identifies its presence in the
graphics system. The Pixel Read Mask Register and Command Register A must be
used in order to gain access to Command Register B.
The required steps for the Bt481A auto-detect routine are listed below in the IPF
protocol. These steps assume that RS2 line is grounded and is therefore not available.
o
i
i
i
i
o
3c6
3c6
3c6
3c6
3c6
3c6
FF
Initialize Pixel Read Mask Register to FF.
Read Pixel Read Mask Register 4 times consecutively, so that the next write will be directed to
Command Register A.
01
o
3c8
02
i
3c6
o
3c8
00
o
3c6
FF
Write a logical 1 to A0 so that the extended register set can be accessed.
Set RS1–0 to 00 (address register write mode) and
write address register to 0000 0010 (Command
Register B).
Set RS1–0 to 10 (read mask register) and read
Command Register B). This should return a value
of 1Eh.
Set RS1–0 to 00 (address register write mode) and
write address register to 0000 0000 (Pixel Read
Mask Register).
Restore Pixel Read Mask Register to FF.
i
i
i
i
o
3c6
3c6
3c6
3c6
3c6
Read Pixel Read Mask Register 4 times consecutively, so that the next write will be directed to
Command Register A.
00
L481A_C
Write a logical 0 to A0.
Brooktree
®
Bt481A
110 MHz 256-Word Clor Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
Accessing Command Registers
6-Bit/8-Bit Color
Selection
The command register bit B1 or the 6*/8 pin can be used to specify whether the
MPU is reading and writing 6 bits or 8 bits of color information each cycle. The 6/8
bit (bit B1 in Command Register B) and the 6*/8 pin (pin #2) are logically ANDed.
If the 6/8 bit is a logical one, the 6*/8 pin controls 6- or 8-bit operation. While the
6/8 bit remains at logical zero, the MPU will read and write 6 bits of color information each cycle. For 8-bit operation, D[0] is the LSB and D[7] is the MSB of
color data.
For 6-bit operation, color data is contained on the lower 6 bits of the data bus;
D0 is the LSB, and D5 is the MSB of color data. When color data is written, D6 and
D7 are ignored. During color read cycles, D6 and D7 will be a logical zero.
Accessing the cursor RAM array does not depend on the resolution of the
DACs. If the 6*/8 pin is held low (6-bit operation), the Bt481A will emulate a
Bt471.
In the 6-bit mode, the Bt481A's full-scale output current will be about 1.5 percent lower than when in the 8-bit mode. This is because the 2 LSBs of each 8-bit
DAC are always a logical zero when in the 6-bit mode.
Power-Down Mode
The Bt481A incorporates a power-down capability, controlled by the SLEEP command bit. While the SLEEP bit is a logical zero, the Bt481A functions normally.
While the SLEEP bit is a logical one, the DACs and power to the RAM are
turned off. The RAM still retains the data. Also, the RAM may still be read or written to while the SLEEP bit is a logical one if the pixel clock is running. The RAM
automatically powers up during MPU read/write cycles and shuts down when the
MPU access is complete. The DACs will be turned off during sleep mode only if
a voltage reference (internal or external) is used. If an external current reference is
used, external circuitry should turn off the current reference (IREF = 0 mA) during
sleep mode.
When an external voltage reference is used, external circuitry should turn off
the voltage reference (VREF = 0 V) to further reduce power consumption caused
by biasing of portions of the internal voltage reference.
Brooktree
®
L481A_C
11
Bt481A
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
SENSE* Output
110 MHz 256-Word Clor Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
SENSE* Output
SENSE* is a logical zero if one or more of the IOR, IOG, and IOB outputs have exceeded the internal voltage reference level of the SENSE comparator circuit. This
output determines the presence of a CRT monitor and, with diagnostic code, the
difference between a loaded or unloaded RGB line can be discerned. The reference
is generated by a voltage divider from the external 1.235 V voltage reference on the
VREF pin. For proper operation of the SENSE circuit, the following levels should
be applied to the comparator with the IOR, IOG, and IOB outputs:
DAC Low Voltage ≤ 310 mV
DAC High Voltage ≥ 430 mV
There is an additional ±10 percent tolerance on the above levels when the internal voltage reference or an external current reference is used. SYNC* should be a
logical zero for SENSE* to be stable.
12
L481A_C
Brooktree
®
Bt481A
110 MHz 256-Word Clor Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
Internal VREF and DAC Output Level
Internal VREF and DAC Output Level
When using the internal voltage reference of Bt481A, the DAC output levels are
affected by the accuracy of the DACs as well as the voltage reference accuracy.
Figure 3 shows how the internal voltage reference interacts with the Bt481A
DACs. At one input of the Bt481A op amp, a voltage reference of approximately
1.2 V exists. At the other input of the op amp, the value of the RSET resistor sets
the full-scale current level for the DACs. The output of the op amp controls the
IREF current source and in turn is fed back to the IREF pin.
Changing the voltage reference level or the value of the RSET resistor allows
control of the IREF current level. The IREF current is mirrored by the DAC current
cells which set the DAC output level (Iout).
The DAC output current level is determined by the following equation:
Iout = K * VREF / RSET
(See IREF pin description for K value.)
When using Bt481A's internal voltage reference, the variation in Iout for a given RSET is the result of variation in the internal voltage reference level as well as
any error due to the DAC itself. Therefore, it is more meaningful to the user to focus on the overall Iout variation, rather than the individual variation of the internal
voltage reference or the DACs.
Figure 3. Bt481A Internal VREF and DAC Output
1.2 V
VAA
IREF Current
Source
VREF
–
IREF
+
RSET
147
Brooktree
®
VAA
DAC Current
Source
Iout
Vout
37.5
L481A_C
13
Bt481A
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
Controller Interface
110 MHz 256-Word Clor Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
Controller Interface
The P[7:0] and OL[3:0] inputs are used to address the color palette RAM and overlay registers, as shown in Table 6. The contents of the pixel read mask register,
which may be accessed by the MPU at any time, are bit-wise logically ANDed
with the P[7:0] inputs. Bit D[0] of the pixel read mask register corresponds to pixel
input P0. The contents of the overlay read mask register are bit-wise logically
ANDed with the OL[3:0] inputs. Bit D[0] of the overlay read mask register corresponds to overlay input OL[0], and bit D[3] of the overlay read mask register corresponds to overlay input OL[3]. Bits D[7:4] of the overlay read mask register are
ignored. Two consecutive write operations must be performed to write to the overlay read mask register. The first write is to the overlay read mask, and the second
is to the pixel read mask. All 12 bits will be updated concurrently, synchronous to
the pixel clock. Command Register B in the Internal Register section contains information regarding the accessibility of the overlay read mask register. The addressed locations provide 18 bits or 24 bits of color information to the three D/A
converters.
The SYNC* and BLANK* inputs, also latched on the rising edge of CLOCK to
maintain synchronization with the color data, add appropriately weighted currents
to the analog outputs. This produces the specific output levels required for video
applications, as illustrated in Figures 4–6. Tables 7–9 detail how the SYNC* and
BLANK* inputs modify the output levels.
The SETUP input pin is logically ORed with the SETUP command bit and
specifies whether a 0 or 7.5 IRE blanking pedestal is to be used.
The analog outputs of the Bt481A can directly drive a 37.5 Ω load, such as a
doubly terminated 75 Ω coaxial cable.
Table 6. Pixel and Overlay Control Truth Table (Pixel Read Mask Register = $FF)
14
OL[3:0]
P[7:0]
Addressed by Pixel Port
$0
$00
Color Palette RAM Location $00
$0
$01
Color Palette RAM Location $01
:
:
:
$0
$FF
Color Palette RAM Location $FF
$1
$xx
Overlay Color 1
:
$xx
:
$F
$xx
Overlay Color 15
L481A_C
Brooktree
®
Bt481A
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
110 MHz 256-Word Clor Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
Controller Interface
Figure 4. RS-343A Composite Video Output Waveforms (SETUP = 7.5 IRE)
No Sync
MA
V
19.05
Sync
MA
V
White Level
0.714 26.67 1.000
92.5 IRE
1.44
0.054
Black Level
9.05 0.340
7.5 IRE
0.00
0.000
7.62 0.286
Blank Level
40 IRE
0.00 0.000
Sync Level
Note: 75 Ω doubly terminated load; SETUP = 7.5 IRE. VREF = 1.235 V and RSET = 147 Ω. RS-343A levels and tolerances are assumed on all levels.
Table 7. RS-343A Video Output Truth Table (SETUP = 7.5 IRE)
Sync Disabled
Sync Enabled
Iout (mA)
Iout (mA)
White
19.05
Data
Description
SYNC*
BLANK*
DAC Input Data
26.67
1
1
$FF
Data + 1.44
Data + 9.05
1
1
Data
Data - Sync
Data + 1.44
Data + 1.44
0
1
Data
Black
1.44
9.05
1
1
$00
Black - Sync
1.44
1.44
0
1
$00
Blank
0
7.62
1
0
$xx
Sync
0
0
0
0
$xx
Note: 75 Ω doubly terminated load; SETUP = 7.5 IRE. VREF = 1.235 V and RSET = 147 Ω.
Brooktree
®
L481A_C
15
Bt481A
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
110 MHz 256-Word Clor Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
Controller Interface
Figure 5. RS-343A Composite Video Output Waveforms (SETUP = 0 IRE)
No Sync
MA
17.62
V
Sync
MA
V
White Level
0.660 25.24 0.950
100 IRE
0.00
0.000
7.62 0.286
Black/Blank
Level
43 IRE
0.00 0.000
0.00 0.000
Sync Level
Note: 75 Ω doubly terminated load; SETUP = 0 IRE. VREF = 1.235 V and RSET = 147 Ω.
RS-343A levels and tolerances are assumed on all levels.
Table 8. RS-343A Video Output Truth Table (SETUP = 0 IRE)
Sync Disabled
Sync Enabled
Iout (mA)
Iout (mA)
White
17.62
Data
Description
SYNC*
BLANK*
DAC Input Data
25.24
1
1
$FF
Data
Data + 7.62
1
1
Data
Data - Sync
Data
Data
0
1
Data
Black
0
7.62
1
1
$00
Black - Sync
0
0
0
1
$00
Blank
0
7.62
1
0
$xx
Sync
0
0
0
0
$xx
Note: 75 Ω doubly terminated load; SETUP = 0 IRE. VREF = 1.235 V and RSET = 147 Ω.
16
L481A_C
Brooktree
®
Bt481A
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
110 MHz 256-Word Clor Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
Controller Interface
Figure 6. PS/2 Composite Video Output Waveforms (SETUP = 0 IRE)
No Sync
MA
V
14.25
Sync
MA
V
White Level
0.713 20.36 1.018
100 IRE
0.00
0.000
6.11 0.305
Black/Blank
Level
43 IRE
0.00 0.000
0.00 0.000
Sync Level
Note: 50 Ω load (150 Ω DAC termination in parallel with 75 Ω monitor load); SETUP = 0 IRE.
VRE = 1.235 V and RSET = 182 Ω. PS/2 levels and tolerances are assumed on all levels.
Table 9. PS/2 Video Output Truth Table (SETUP = 0 IRE)
Sync Disabled
Sync Enabled
Iout (mA)
Iout (mA)
White
14.25
Data
Description
SYNC*
BLANK*
DAC Input Data
20.36
1
1
$FF
Data
data + 6.11
1
1
Data
Data - Sync
Data
Data
0
1
Data
Black
0
6.11
1
1
$00
Black - Sync
0
0
0
1
$00
Blank
0
6.11
1
0
$xx
Sync
0
0
0
0
$xx
Note: 50 Ω load; SETUP = 0 IRE. VREF = 1.235 V and RSET = 182 Ω.
Brooktree
®
L481A_C
17
Bt481A
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
Controller Interface
18
110 MHz 256-Word Clor Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
L481A_C
Brooktree
®
INTERNAL
REGISTERS
Command Register A
This register may be written to or read by the MPU at any time. All bits are initialized to logical zero on power-up.
A logical one on bit A7 enables 15-, 16-, and 24/32-bit modes when used with bits A6, A5, and A4. If A7 is a logical
zero, pseudo-color mode is enabled regardless of the state of A6, A5, or A4.
Bit A6 determines whether the device is in 15- or 16-bit-per-pixel mode.
Bit A5 determines whether the data is input on the rising edge of the input clock, or on the rising and falling edges
of the input clock. A logical zero written to this bit indicates a dual-edge clock, and a logical one indicates a single-edge clock.
Bit A4 indicates a 24- or 32-bit input, i.e., a 24-bit true-color bypass only, or a 24-bit true-color bypass and an 8-bit
VGA pass through. Bit A5 determines whether the pixels are input 8 bits at a time on every rising edge, or 8 bits at a
time on rising and falling edges of the input clock. When bits A4 and A6 are set to logical one, the inputs are 24-bit
true-color bypass, operating in single-edge clock mode.
A7
A6
A5
A4
0
x
x
x
Pseudo Color (256 Colors)
1
0
0
0
5:5:5 Dual-Edge Clock (33 K Colors)
1
1
0
0
5:6:5 Dual-Edge Clock (65 K Colors)
1
0
1
0
5:5:5 Single-Edge Clock (33 K Colors)
1
1
1
0
5:6:5 Single-Edge Clock (65 K Colors)
1
0
0
1
8:8:8 OL Dual-Edge Clock (16.8 M Colors)
1
1
1
1
8:8:8 Single-Edge Clock Only (16.8 M Colors)
A3
Reserved (logical zero)
A logical zero must be written to this bit to ensure proper operation.
A2
RS2 Select
(0)
RS2 signal controlled by RS[2] pin
(1)
RS2 signal controlled by A2
If bit A2 in Command Register A is set to logical one, internally,
the RS2 signal will also be set to logical one, even if the RS2
pin is grounded. If bit A2 in Command Register A is set to logical zero, the state of the RS2 signal will depend on the logic
state of the RS[2] pin.
A1
24/32-Bit RGB or BGR Select
(0)
24/32-bit RGB format selected
(1)
24/32-bit BGR format selected
A logical zero written to this bit will set the 24- or 32-bitper-pixel mode to RGB format. A logical one written to this bit
will set the 24- or 32-bit-per-pixel mode to BGR format.
A0
Extended Register Select
(0)
Extended register set cannot be
accessed
(1)
Extended register set can be accessed
A logical one written to this bit allows the user to indirectly
access the extended register set. Included in the extended register set are Command Register B and Overlay Mask Register.
Brooktree
®
L481A_C
19
INTERNAL REGISTERS
Bt481A
Command Register B
110 MHz 256-Word Color Palette 15-, 16- and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
Command Register B
This register is operational only while bit A0 in Command Register A is a logical one. This register is initialized on
power-up. On power-up, bits B7, B6, B5, and B0 are set to logical zero; bits B4, B3, B2, and B1 are set to logical one
to enable the Bt481A to emulate the Bt478. While the 6*/8 pin is held low, this register will be functionally ignored.
B7
Reserved (logical zero)
A logical zero must be written to this bit to ensure proper operation.
B6
Overlay Register Mask Select
(0)
Overlay register mask inhibited
(1)
Overlay register mask enabled
A logical zero written to this bit inhibits address of the overlay
registers only during true-color operations. A logical one written to this bit enables address of the overlay registers only during true-color operations.
B5
SETUP Select
(0)
0 IRE
(1)
7.5 IRE
B5 specifies the blanking pedestal to be either 0 or 7.5 IRE.
B4
Blue Sync Enable
(0)
No sync on blue
(1)
Sync on blue
B4 specifies whether the IOB output contains sync information.
B3
Green Sync Enable
(0)
No sync on green
(1)
Sync on green
B3 specifies whether the IOG output contains sync information.
B2
Red Sync Enable
(0)
No sync on red
(1)
Sync on red
B2 specifies whether the IOR output contains sync information.
B1
6-Bit/8-Bit Select
(0)
6-bit
(1)
8-bit
On the Bt481A, B1 specifies whether the MPU is reading and
writing 8 bits (logical one) or 6 bits (logical zero) of color information each cycle. The 6*/8 bit and 6*/8 pin are logically
ANDed.
B0
SLEEP Enable
(0)
Normal operation
(1)
Sleep mode
While B0 is a logical zero, the Bt481A functions normally. If B0
is a logical one, the DACs and power to the RAM are turned
off. The RAM still retains the data and may be read or written
to while the pixel clock is running. The RAM automatically powers-up during MPU read/write cycles and shuts down when the
MPU access is completed. About 1 second is required for the
Bt481A to output valid video data after enabling normal operation (coming out of sleep mode). This time will vary depending
on the size of the COMP capacitor.
The DACs will be turned off during sleep mode only if a voltage reference (internal or external) is used. If an external current reference is used, external circuitry should turn the current
reference off during sleep mode.
20
L481A_C
Brooktree
®
PC BOARD
LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS
For optimum performance of the Bt481A, proper CMOS RAMDAC layout techniques should be used.
The layout should be optimized for lowest noise on the Bt481A power and
ground planes by providing good decoupling. The trace length between groups of
VAA and GND pins should be as short as possible to minimize inductive ringing.
A well-designed power distribution network is critical to eliminating digital
switching noise. The ground plane must provide a low-impedance return path for
the digital circuits. A PC board with a minimum of six layers is recommended. The
ground layer should be used as a shield to isolate noise from the analog traces with
layer 1 (top) for the analog traces, layer 2 for the ground plane, layer 3 for the analog power plane, and the remaining layers used for digital traces and digital power
supplies.
Component Placement
Brooktree
®
Components should be placed as close as possible to the associated RAMDAC pin.
Whenever possible, components should be placed so traces can be connected point
to point.
The optimum layout enables the Bt481A to be located as close as possible to the
power supply connector and the video output connector.
L481A_C
21
Bt481A
PC BOARD LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS
110 MHz 256-Word Color Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
Power and
Ground Planes
The power and ground planes need isolation gaps to minimize digital switching
noise effects on the analog signals and components. These gaps need to be at least
1/8-inch wide. They are placed so that digital currents cannot flow through a peninsula that contains the analog components, signals, and video connector. A sample layout is shown in Figure 7.
Optionally, a low-resistance ferrite bead may be used, such as Fair-Rite
2743021447.
Figure 7. Sample Layout Showing Power and Ground Plane Isolation Gaps
Video
Connector
Digital Area
Edge of PCB
22
Analog
Area
RAMDAC
Digital Area
Device Decoupling
For optimum performance, all capacitors should be located as close as possible to
the device with short wide traces, and the shortest possible leads (consistent with
reliable operation) should be used to reduce the lead inductance. Chip capacitors
are recommended for minimum lead inductance. Radial lead ceramic capacitors
may be substituted for chip capacitors and are better than axial lead capacitors for
self-resonance. Values are chosen to have self-resonance above the pixel clock.
Power Supply
Decoupling
The best power supply decoupling performance is obtained with a 0.1 µF ceramic
capacitor in parallel with a 0.01 µF chip capacitor, decoupling each of the four
groups of VAA pins to GND. The capacitors should be placed as close as possible
to the device VAA and GND pins and connected with short, wide traces.
The 10 µF capacitor shown in Figures 8–10 is for low-frequency power supply
ripple; the 1 µF and 0.1 µF capacitors are for high-frequency power supply noise
rejection.
When a linear regulator is used, the power-up sequence must be verified to prevent latchup. A linear regulator is recommended to filter the analog power supply
if the power supply noise is greater than or equal to 200 mV. This is especially important when a switching power supply is used, and the switching frequency is
close to the raster scan frequency. About 10 percent of the power supply hum and
ripple noise less than 1 MHz will couple onto the analog outputs.
L481A_C
Brooktree
®
Bt481A
PC BOARD LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS
110 MHz 256-Word Color Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
Figure 8. Typical Connection Diagram and Parts List (Internal Voltage Reference)
Analog Power Plane
VAA
C4
L1 (optional)
COMP
+5 V (VCC)
C2–C3
OPA
+
VREF
C1
C6
C5
Bt481A
Ground
GND
RSET
R1
R2
R3
IREF
IOR
P
IOG
P
IOB
P
To
Video
Connector
VAA
P
1N4148/9
DAC
Output
To Monitor
1N4148/9
GND
Note: Each pair of device VAA and GND pins must be separately decoupled.
Location
Description
Vendor Part Number
0.1 µF Ceramic Capacitor
Erie RPE112Z5U104M50V
C6
10 µF Capacitor
Mallory CSR13G106KM
L1
Ferrite Bead
Fair-Rite 2743021447
75 Ω 1% Metal Film Resistor
Dale CMF-55C
1% Metal Film Resistor
Dale CMF-55C
C1–C5
R1, R2, R3
RSET
Note: The vendor numbers above are listed only as a guide. Substitution of devices with similar characteristics will not
affect the performance of the Bt481A.
Brooktree
®
L481A_C
23
Bt481A
PC BOARD LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS
110 MHz 256-Word Color Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
Figure 9. Typical Connection Diagram and Parts List (External Voltage Reference)
Analog Power Plane
VAA
C4
L1 (optional)
R4
COMP
+5 V (VCC)
C2–C3
OPA
+
VREF
Bt481A
C5
C1
C6
Z1
Ground
GND
RSET
R1
R2
R3
IREF
IOR
P
IOG
P
IOB
P
To
Video
Connector
VAA
P
1N4148/9
DAC
Output
To Monitor
1N4148/9
GND
Note: Each pair of device VAA and GND pins must be separately decoupled.
Location
Description
Vendor Part Number
0.1 µF Ceramic Capacitor
Erie RPE112Z5U104M50V
C6
10 µF Capacitor
Mallory CSR13G106KM
L1
Ferrite Bead
Fair-Rite 2743021447
75 Ω 1% Metal Film Resistor
Dale CMF-55C
C1–C5
R1, R2, R3
R4
1 kΩ 5% Resistor
RSET
1% Metal Film Resistor
Dale CMF-55C
Z1
1.2 V Voltage Reference
National Semiconductor LM385BZ-1.2
Note: The vendor numbers above are listed only as a guide. Substitution of devices with similar characteristics will not
affect the performance of the Bt481A.
24
L481A_C
Brooktree
®
Bt481A
PC BOARD LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS
110 MHz 256-Word Color Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
Figure 10. Typical Connection Diagram and Parts List (External Current Reference)
TTL DAC Control
0 = DACs Off
1 = DACs On
VREF
C5
Analog Power Plane
VAA
+
C4
Bt481A
C7
L1 (optional)
C2–C3
RSET
Z1
IREF
IN
OUT
+
ADJ
COMP
+5V (VCC)
1K
C1
C6
2N2222A
Ground
GND
R1
R2
R3
IOR
P
IOG
P
IOB
P
To
Video
Connector
VAA
P
1N4148/9
DAC
Output
To Monitor
1N4148/9
GND
Note: Each pair of device VAA and GND pins must be separately decoupled.
Location
Description
Vendor Part Number
0.1 µF Ceramic Capacitor
Erie RPE112Z5U104M50V
C6
10 µF Capacitor
Mallory CSR13G106KM
C7
1 µF Capacitor
Mallory CSR13G106KM
L1
Ferrite Bead
Fair-Rite 2743021447
75 Ω 1% Metal Film Resistor
Dale CMF-55C
Adjustable Regulator
National Semiconductor LM385BZ-1.2
1% Metal Film Resistor
Dale CMF-55C
C1–C5
R1, R2, R3
Z1
RSET
Note: The vendor numbers above are listed only as a guide. Substitution of devices with similar characteristics will not
affect the performance of the Bt481A.
Brooktree
®
L481A_C
25
Bt481A
PC BOARD LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS
110 MHz 256-Word Color Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
COMP Decoupling
VREF Decoupling
26
The COMP pin must be decoupled to the closest VAA pin, typically with a 0.1 µF
ceramic capacitor. Low-frequency supply noise will require a larger value. The
COMP capacitor must be as close as possible to the COMP and VAA pins. A surface-mount ceramic chip capacitor is preferred for minimal lead inductance. Lead
inductance degrades the noise rejection of the circuit. Short, wide traces will also
reduce lead inductance.
If the display has a ghosting problem, additional capacitance in parallel with the
COMP capacitor may help.
A 0.1 µF ceramic capacitor should be used to decouple this input to GND.
Digital Signal
Interconnect
The digital inputs to the Bt481A should be isolated as much as possible from the
analog outputs and other analog circuitry. Also, these input signals should overlay
the ground plane, not the analog power or output signals.
Most noise on the analog outputs will be caused by excessive edge rates (less
than 3 ns), overshoot, undershoot, and ringing on the digital inputs.
The digital edge rates should not be faster than necessary, as feedthrough noise
is proportional to the digital edge rates. Lower-speed applications will benefit from
using lower-speed logic (3–5 ns edge rates) to reduce data-related noise on the analog outputs.
Transmission lines will mismatch if the lines do not match the source and destination impedance. This will degrade signal fidelity if the line length reflection
time is greater than one fourth the signal edge time (refer to Brooktree Application
Notes AN-11 and AN-12). Line termination or line-length reduction is the solution. For example, logic edge rates of 2 ns require line lengths of less than 4 inches
without use of termination. Ringing may be reduced by damping the line with a series resistor (30–300 Ω).
Radiation of digital signals can also be picked up by the analog circuitry. This
is prevented by reducing the digital edge rates (rise/fall time), minimizing ringing
with damping resistors, and minimizing coupling through PC board capacitance
by routing the digital signals at a 90 degree angle to any analog signals.
Analog Signal
Interconnect
The Bt481A should be located as close as possible to the output connectors to minimizes noise pickup and reflections caused by impedance mismatch.
The analog outputs are susceptible to crosstalk from digital lines; digital traces
must not be routed under or adjacent to the analog output traces.
To maximize the high-frequency power supply rejection, the video output signals should overlay the ground plane, not the analog power plane.
For maximum performance, the analog video output impedance, cable impedance, and load impedance should be the same. The load resistor connection between the video outputs and GND should be as close as possible to the Bt481A to
minimize reflections. Unused analog outputs should be connected to GND.
Analog output video edges exceeding the CRT monitor bandwidth can be reflected, producing cable-length dependent ghosts. Simple pulse filters can reduce
high-frequency energy, reducing EMI and noise. The filter impedance must match
the line impedance.
L481A_C
Brooktree
®
Bt481A
PC BOARD LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS
110 MHz 256-Word Color Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
Analog Output
Protection
Brooktree
®
The Bt481A analog output should be protected against high-energy discharges,
such as those from monitor arc-over or from hot-switching AC-coupled monitors.
The diode protection circuit (as shown in Figures 8, 9, and 10) can prevent
latchup under severe discharge conditions without adversely degrading analog
transition times. The 1N4148/9 parts are low-capacitance, fast-switching diodes,
which are also available in multiple-device packages (FSA250X or FSA270X) or
surface-mountable pairs (BAV99 or MMBD7001).
The clock driver and all other digital devices must be adequately decoupled to
prevent noise generated by the digital devices from coupling into the analog circuitry.
L481A_C
27
Bt481A
PC BOARD LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS
110 MHz 256-Word Color Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
28
L481A_C
Brooktree
®
APPLICATION
INFORMATION
Using Multiple Devices
When multiple Bt481As are used, each Bt481A should have its own isolated analog power plane. If the internal reference is used, each Bt481A should use its own
internal reference.
Although the multiple Bt481As may be driven by a common external voltage/current reference, higher performance may be obtained if each RAMDAC uses
its own reference. This will reduce the amount of color channel crosstalk and color
palette interaction.
Each Bt481A must still have its own RSET resistor, analog output termination
resistors, power supply bypass capacitors, COMP capacitor, and reference capacitors.
ESD and Latchup
Considerations
Correct ESD-sensitive handling procedures are required to prevent device damage,
which can produce symptoms of catastrophic failure or erratic device behavior
with somewhat leaky inputs.
All logic inputs should be held low until power to the device has settled to the
specified tolerance. DAC power decoupling networks with large time constants
should be avoided. They could delay VAA power to the device. Ferrite beads must
be used only for analog power VAA decoupling. Inductors cause a time constant
delay that induces latchup.
Latchup can be prevented by ensuring that all VAA pins are at the same potential and that the VAA supply voltage is applied before the signal pin voltages. The
correct power-up sequence ensures that any signal pin voltage will never exceed
the power supply voltage by more than +0.5 V.
Reference Selection
An external voltage reference provides about ten times the power supply rejection
on the analog outputs than does an external current reference.
Sleep Operation
When the internal or external voltage reference is used, the DACs will be turned
off during sleep mode.
When an external voltage reference is used, some internal circuitry will still be
powered during the sleep mode, resulting in 0.5 mA of power supply current being
drawn (above the rated supply current specifications). This unnecessary current
drain can be disabled by turning off the external voltage reference during sleep
mode.
Brooktree
®
L481A_C
29
Bt481A
APPLICATION INFORMATION
110 MHz 256-Word Color Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
When an external current reference is used, the DACs are not turned off during
the sleep mode. To disable the DACs during sleep mode, the current reference must
be turned off. As shown in Figure 9, a TTL signal and the 2N2222 transistor are
used to disable the current reference during sleep mode.
Initializing the Bt481A
Following is an example of a set-up for the Bt481A.
Command Register A
Pseudo Color (256 bits)
RS2 signal controlled by RS2 pin
Enable access to Command Register B
Enable access to Pixel Mask Register in extended mode
Enable access to Overlay Register in extended mode
Command Register B
Overlay mask enabled
7.5 IRE set-up selected
Sync on Green only
8-bit MPU interface
Normal operation
Control Register Initialization
RS2, RS1, RS0
Write $01 to Command Reg. A
110
Write $00 to Palette Addr Reg
000
Write $FF to Read Mask Reg
010
Write $0F to Overlay Mask Reg
010
Write $6A to Command Reg B
010
Color Palette RAM Initialization
Write $00 to Palette Write Reg
000
Write Red Data to RAM loc. $00
001
Write Grn Data to RAM loc. $00
001
Write Blu Data to RAM loc. $00
001
Write Red Data to RAM loc. $01
001
Write Grn Data to RAM loc. $01
001
Write Blu Data to RAM loc. $01
001
:
Write Red Data to RAM loc. $FF
001
Write Grn Data to RAM loc. $FF
001
Write Blu Data to RAM loc. $FF
001
30
L481A_C
Brooktree
®
Bt481A
APPLICATION INFORMATION
110 MHz 256-Word Color Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
Overlay Palette RAM Initialization
Write $00 to Palette Write Reg
Write Red Data to RAM loc. $0
Write Grn Data to RAM loc. $0
Write Blu Data to RAM loc. $0
Write Red Data to RAM loc. $1
Write Grn Data to RAM loc. $1
Write Blu Data to RAM loc. $1
:
Write Red Data to RAM loc. $FF
Write Grn Data to RAM loc. $FF
Write Blu Data to RAM loc. $FF
Brooktree
®
L481A_C
RS2, RS1, RS0
100
101
101
101
101
101
101
101
101
101
31
Bt481A
APPLICATION INFORMATION
110 MHz 256-Word Color Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
32
L481A_C
Brooktree
®
PARAMETRIC
INFORMATION
DC Electrical Parameters
Table 10. Recommended Operating Conditions
Parameter
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Units
VAA
4.75
5.00
5.25
V
Ambient Operating Temperature
TA
0
+70
°C
Output Load
RL
37.5
Ω
VREF
1.235
V
Power Supply
External Reference Voltage
Table 11. Absolute Maximum Ratings
Parameter
Symbol
Min
Typ
VAA (measured to GND)
Voltage on any Signal Pin(1)
GND – 0.5
Max
Units
7.0
V
VAA + 0.5
V
Analog Output Short Circuit
Duration to any Power Supply or Common
ISC
Ambient Operating Temperature
TA
–55
+125
°C
Storage Temperature
TS
–65
+150
°C
Junction Temperature
TJ
+150
°C
TVSOL
220
°C
Vapor Phase Soldering (1 minute)
Indefinite
Notes: (1). This device employs high impedance CMOS devices on all signal pins. It should be handled as an ESD-sensitive device. Voltage on any signal pin that exceeds the power supply voltage by more than +0.5 V can induce destructive latchup.
2. Stresses above those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device.
This is a stress rating only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those
listed in the operational sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating
conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Brooktree
®
L481A_C
33
Bt481A
PARAMETRIC INFORMATION
DC Electrical Parameters
110 MHz 256-Word Color Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
Table 12. DC Characteristics (1 of 2)
Parameter
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Units
6
8
6
8
6
8
Bits
Bits
Resolution (each DAC)
Accuracy (each DAC)
Integral Linearity Error
IL
±1
LSB
Differential Linearity Error
DL
±1
LSB
Monotonicity
Guaranteed
Coding
Binary
Digital Inputs
Input High Voltage
VIH
2.0
VAA + 0.5
V
Input Low Voltage
VIL
GND – 0.5
0.8
V
Input High Current (Vin = 2.4 V)
IIH
1
µA
Input Low Current (Vin = 0.4 V)(1)
IIL
–1
µA
Input Capacitance (f = 1 MHz, Vin = 2.4 V)
CIN
5
pF
Digital Outputs
Output High Voltage (IOH = –400 µA)
VOH
Output Low Voltage (IOL = 3.2 mA)
VOL
0.4
V
3-State Current
IOZ
50
µA
Output Capacitance
2.4
CDOUT
V
5
pF
Analog Outputs
Gray Scale Current Range
20
mA
Output Current
White Level Relative to Black(2)
Using External Vref = 1.235 V
16.74
17.62
18.50
mA
Using Internal Vref
15.66
17.02
18.55
mA
0.95
1.44
1.90
mA
0
5
50
µA
Sync Enabled
6.29
7.62
8.96
mA
Sync Disabled
0
5
50
µA
0
5
50
µA
Black Level Relative to Blank
Setup = 7.5 IRE
Setup = 0 IRE
Blank Level
Sync Level
LSB Size
34
69.1
L481A_C
µA
Brooktree
®
Bt481A
PARAMETRIC INFORMATION
110 MHz 256-Word Color Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
DC Electrical Parameters
Table 12. DC Characteristics (2 of 2)
Parameter
Symbol
Min
DAC-to-DAC Matching
Typ
Max
Units
2
5
%
+1.5
V
Output Compliance
VOC
Output Impedance
RAOUT
10
kΩ
Output Capacitance
(f = 1 MHz, IOUT = 0 mA)
CAOUT
18
pF
Power Supply Rejection Ratio(3)
(COMP = 0.1 µF, f = 1 kHz
PSRR
–0.3
0.5
% / % ∆ VAA
Notes: (1). Maximum Input Low Current for pin 6*/8 is –40 µA. (Vin = 0.4 V)
(2). When the Bt481A is in the 6-bit mode, the output levels are approximately 1.5% lower than these values.
White level current is tested using internal Vref. White level current using external Vref is guaranteed by characterization and is not production tested.
(3). Guaranteed by characterization, not tested.
4. Test conditions to generate RS-343A standard video signals (unless otherwise specified): “Recommended
Operating Conditions” and external voltage reference with RSET = 147 Ω, VREF = 1.235 V, SETUP = 7.5
IRE, and 6*/8 pin = logical one. As the above parameters are guaranteed over the full temperature range,
temperature coefficients are not specified or required. Typical values are based on nominal temperature, and
nominal voltage, i.e., 5 V.
Brooktree
®
L481A_C
35
Bt481A
PARAMETRIC INFORMATION
110 MHz 256-Word Color Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
AC Electrical Parameters
AC Electrical Parameters
Table 13. AC Characteristics (1 of 2)
110 MHz Devices
Parameter
Symbol
Units
Min
Typ
Max
Input Clk Rate Pseudo Color
Fmax
110
MHz
Input Clk Rate 15-, 16-bit dual-edge clk
Fmax
66
MHz
Input Clk Rate 15-, 16-bit single-edge clk
Fmax
100
MHz
Input Clk Rate 32-bit dual-edge clk
Fmax
66
MHz
Input Clk Rate 24-bit single-edge clk
Fmax
100
MHz
RS[2:0] Setup Time
1
10
ns
RS[2:0] Hold Time
2
10
ns
RD* Asserted to Data Bus Driven
3
2
ns
RD* Asserted to Data Valid
4
40
ns
RD* Negated to Data Bus 3-Stated
5
20
ns
Read Data Hold Time
6
2
ns
Write Data Setup Time
7
10
ns
Write Data Hold Time
8
10
ns
RD*, WR* Pulse Width Low
9
50
ns
RD*, WR* Pulse Width High
10
6*p13
ns
Pixel and Control Setup Time
11
3
ns
Pixel and Control Hold Time (Pseudo Color and
15-, 16-, and 24-bit Single-Edge Clock Mode)
12
3
ns
Pixel and Control Setup Time
20
–1
ns
Pixel and Control Hold Time (15-, 16-, and 32-bit
Dual-Edge Clock Mode, LSB and MSB)
21
7
ns
Clock Cycle Time (Pseudo Color Mode)
13
9.09
ns
Clock Pulse Width High Time(1)
14
3.5
ns
Time(1)
15
3.5
ns
13
10
ns
Clock Pulse Width High Time(1)
14
3.5
ns
Clock Pulse Width Low Time(1)
15
3.5
ns
Clock Pulse Width Low
Clock Cycle Time
(Single Edge True-Color Modes)
36
L481A_C
Brooktree
®
Bt481A
PARAMETRIC INFORMATION
110 MHz 256-Word Color Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
AC Electrical Parameters
Table 13. AC Characteristics (2 of 2)
110 MHz Devices
Parameter
Symbol
Units
Min
Typ
Max
Clock Cycle Time (Dual-Edge Clock)
13
15.15
ns
Clock Pulse Width High Time(1)
14
6.5
ns
Time(1)
15
6.5
ns
Clock Pulse Width Low
Analog Output Delay
16
Analog Output Rise/Fall Time
17
3
ns
Analog Output Settling Time(2)
18
13
ns
–30
dB
Glitch Impulse(2)
75
pV - sec
DAC-to-DAC Crosstalk
_23
dB
Clock and Data
30
Feedthrough(2)
Analog Output Skew
2.5
SENSE* Output Delay
19
VAA Supply Current
IAA
Normal
300
Sleep Enabled(4)
ns
µS
1
Operation(3)
ns
2
mA
mA
Pipeline Delay
Clocks
Pseudo Color
7
7
7
5:5:5 Dual-Edge Clock Mode
7
7
7
5:6:5 Dual-Edge Clock Mode
7
7
7
8:8:8:8 Dual-Edge Clock Mode
8
8
8
5:5:5 Single-Edge Clock Mode
8
8
8
5:6:5 Single-Edge Clock Mode
8
8
8
8:8:8 Single-Edge Clock Mode
9
9
9
Notes: (1). These pulse widths are specified at VIL = 0.8 V for clock pulse width low and VIH = 2.0V for clock pulse width
high. Minimum clock pulse width is not production tested and is guaranteed by characterization.
(2). Clock and data feedthrough is a function of the number of edge rates, and the amount of overshoot and undershoot on the digital inputs. For this test, the digital inputs have a 1 kΩ resistor to ground and are driven by
74HC logic. Settling time does not include clock and data feedthrough. Glitch impulse includes clock and data
feedthrough, and –3 dB test bandwidth = 2 x clock rate.
(3). At Fmax. IAA (typ) at VAA = 5.0 V. IAA (max) at VAA (max).
(4). External current or voltage reference disabled during sleep mode. Test Conditions: +25° to +70° C, pixel and
data ports at 0.4 V.
5. Test conditions (unless otherwise specified): “Recommended Operating Conditions” and external voltage reference with RSET = 147 Ω, VREF= 1.235, SETUP = 7.5 IRE, and 6*/8 pin = logical one. TTL input values are
0–3 V with input rise/fall times ≤ 3 ns, measured between the 10% and 90% points. Timing reference points
are at 50% for inputs and outputs unless otherwise noted. Analog output load ≤ 10 pF. SENSE*, D[7:0] output
load ≤ 75 pF. See the Timing Waveforms section. As the above parameters are guaranteed over the full temperature range, temperature coefficients are not specified or required. Typical values are based on nominal
temperature, i.e., room temperature, and nominal voltage, i.e., 5 V.
Brooktree
®
L481A_C
37
Bt481A
PARAMETRIC INFORMATION
110 MHz 256-Word Color Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
Timing Waveforms
Timing Waveforms
Figure 11. MPU Read/Write Timing
1
RS[2:0]
2
Valid
9
RD*, WR*
10
4
5
3
D[7:0] (READ)
Data Out (RD* = 0)
6
D[7:0] (WRITE)
Data In (WR* = 0)
7
8
38
L481A_C
Brooktree
®
Bt481A
PARAMETRIC INFORMATION
110 MHz 256-Word Color Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
Timing Waveforms
Figure 12. Video Input/Output Timing
13
14
15
CLOCK
P[7:0], OL[3:0],
SYNC*, BLANK*
Data
11
Pseudo-Color and
15, 16, 24/32-bit
Single-Edge Clock Mode
16
12
P[7:0]
15, 16, 24/32-Bit
Double-Edge
Clock Mode
LSB
MSB
20
20
21
18
21
IOR, IOG, IOB
19
17
400 mV
IOR, IOG, IOB
300 mV
SENSE*
Notes: 1. Output delay is measured from the 50% point of the rising edge of CLOCK to the 50% point of full-scale
transition.
2. Settling time is measured from the 50% point of full-scale transition to the output remaining within ±1 LSB.
3. Output rise/fall time is measured between the 10% and 90% points of full-scale transition.
Brooktree
®
L481A_C
39
Bt481A
PARAMETRIC INFORMATION
110 MHz 256-Word Color Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
Timing Waveforms
Figure 13. 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit-Per-Pixel (RGB) Timing, Dual-Edge Clock Mode
15-, 16-Bit Dual Edge Clock Mode
CLOCK
P[7:0]
LSB
MSB
BLANK*
IOR, IOG, IOB
4 Pipeline Delays
24/32-Bit Dual Edge Clock Mode
CLOCK
P[7:0]
Red
Green
Blue
Palette
Data
BLANK*
IOR, IOG, IOB
4 Pipeline Delays
40
L481A_C
Brooktree
®
Bt481A
PARAMETRIC INFORMATION
110 MHz 256-Word Color Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
Timing Waveforms
Figure 14. 15-, 16-, and 32-Bit-Per-Pixel (BGR) Timing, Dual-Edge Clock Mode
15-, 16-Bit Dual Edge Clock Mode
CLOCK
P[7:0]
LSB
MSB
BLANK*
IOR, IOG, IOB
4 Pipeline Delays
24/32-Bit Dual Edge Clock Mode
CLOCK
P[7:0]
Red
Green
Blue
Palette
Data
BLANK*
IOR, IOG, IOB
4 Pipeline Delays
Brooktree
®
L481A_C
41
Bt481A
PARAMETRIC INFORMATION
110 MHz 256-Word Color Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
Timing Waveforms
Figure 15. 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit-Per-Pixel (RGB) Timing, Single-Edge Clock Mode
15-, 16-Bit Single Edge Clock Mode
CLOCK
LSB
P[7:0]
MSB
BLANK*
IOR, IOG, IOB
24-Bit Single Edge Clock Mode
CLOCK
P[7:0]
Red
Green
Blue
BLANK*
IOR, IOG, IOB
42
L481A_C
Brooktree
®
Bt481A
PARAMETRIC INFORMATION
110 MHz 256-Word Color Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
Timing Waveforms
Figure 16. 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit-Per-Pixel (BGR) Timing, Single-Edge Clock Mode
15-, 16-Bit Single Edge Clock Mode
CLOCK
LSB
P[7:0]
MSB
BLANK*
IOR, IOG, IOB
24-Bit Single Edge Clock Mode
CLOCK
P[7:0]
Blue
Green
Red
BLANK*
IOR, IOG, IOB
Brooktree
®
L481A_C
43
Bt481A
PARAMETRIC INFORMATION
Package Drawing
110 MHz 256-Word Color Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
Package Drawing
Figure 17. 44-Pin Plastic J-Lead (PLCC)
44
L481A_C
Brooktree
®
Bt481A
PARAMETRIC INFORMATION
110 MHz 256-Word Color Palette 15-, 16-, and 24-Bit True Color Power-Down RAMDAC
Revision History
Revision History
Revision
Changes from Previous Revision
A
Advance Release.
B
Removed 85 MHz operation from datasheet.
C
PC Board Layout Considerations section revised. Addition of Initialization information to Applications section.
Brooktree
®
L481A_C
45
Brooktree
®
Brooktree Division
Rockwell Semiconductor Systems, Inc.
9868 Scranton Road
San Diego, CA 92121-3707
(619) 452-7580
1(800) 2-BT-APPS
FAX: (619) 452-1249
Internet: [email protected]
L481A_C
printed on recycled paper