19-2584; Rev 0; 10/02 Low-Noise, Low-Dropout, 200mA Linear Regulator Designed with an internal P-channel MOSFET pass transistor, the MAX1598 maintains a low 100µA supply current independent of the load current and dropout voltage. Other features include a 10nA logic-controlled shutdown mode, short-circuit and thermal-shutdown protection, and reverse battery protection. The device also includes an autodischarge function, which actively discharges the output voltage to ground when the device is placed in shutdown. The MAX1598 comes in a thin 5-pin SOT23 package. Features ♦ 200mA Output Current ♦ Low Output Noise: 30µVRMS ♦ Low 55mV Dropout at 50mA Output ♦ Low 85µA No-Load Supply Current ♦ Low 100µA Operating Supply Current, Even in Dropout ♦ Thermal-Overload and Short-Circuit Protection ♦ Reverse Battery Protection ♦ Output Current Limit ♦ Preset Output Voltages ♦ 10nA Logic-Controlled Shutdown Applications Ordering Information Cellular, Cordless, and PCS Phones PCMCIA Cards PART MAX1598EZKxy-T* Modems TEMP RANGE PIN-PACKAGE -40°C to +85°C Thin SOT23-5 *xy is the output voltage code (see the Selector Guide at end of data sheet). Hand-Held Instruments Palmtop Computers Electronic Planners Pin Configuration Typical Operating Circuit TOP VIEW INPUT 2.5V TO 6.5V IN CIN 1µF OUT MAX1598 ON COUT 2.2µF OUTPUT PRESET 2.5V TO 5V 200mA IN 1 GND 2 5 OUT 4 BP MAX1598 SHDN OFF SHDN 3 BP CBP 0.01µF GND THIN SOT23-5 ________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products 1 For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Maxim Distribution at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com. MAX1598 General Description The MAX1598 low-noise, low-dropout linear regulator operates from a 2.5V to 6.5V input and delivers up to 200mA. Typical output noise is 30µVRMS, and typical dropout is only 236mV at 200mA. The output voltage is preset to voltages from 2.5V to 5V in 100mV increments. MAX1598 Low-Noise, Low-Dropout, 200mA Linear Regulator ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS IN to GND ....................................................................-7V to +7V Output Short-Circuit Duration ............................................Infinite SHDN to GND..............................................................-7V to +7V SHDN to IN ...............................................................-7V to +0.3V OUT, BP to GND ..........................................-0.3V to (VIN + 0.3V) Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C) 5-Pin Thin SOT23 (derate 9.1mW/°C above +70°C) ....727mW Operating Temperature Range ...........................-40°C to +85°C Junction Temperature ......................................................+150°C θJB (thin).........................................................................110°C/W Storage Temperature.........................................-65°C to +150°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300°C Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VIN = (VOUT(NOMINAL) + 0.5V) or 2.5V (whichever is greater), TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER Input Voltage SYMBOL CONDITIONS VIN IOUT = 0.1mA, TA = +25°C, VOUT ≥ 2.5V Output Voltage Accuracy IOUT = 0.1mA to 120mA, TA = -40°C to +85°C, VOUT ≥ 2.5V Maximum Output Current Current Limit Ground-Pin Current MIN MAX UNITS 2.5 TYP 6.5 V -1.4 +1.4 -3 +2 200 ILIM IQ 220 mA 458 No load 85 IOUT = 150mA 100 IOUT = 1mA 1.1 Dropout Voltage (Note 2) IOUT = 50mA 55 IOUT = 200mA 236 Line Regulation ∆VLNR VIN = 2.5V or (VOUT + 0.1V) to 6.5V, IOUT = 1mA Load Regulation ∆VLDR IOUT = 0.1mA to 120mA, COUT = 1µF Output Voltage Noise en f = 10Hz to 100kHz, CBP = 0.01µF VIH VIN = 2.5V to 5.5V VIL VIN = 2.5V to 5.5V -0.15 % mA 180 µA 120 mV 0 +0.15 %/V 0.01 0.04 %/mA COUT = 10µF 30 COUT = 100µF 20 µVRMS SHUTDOWN SHDN Input Threshold SHDN Input Bias Current I SHDN Shutdown Supply Current IQ(SHDN) Shutdown Exit Delay Resistance Shutdown Discharge 2 V SHDN = VIN VOUT = 0V CBP = 0.1µF COUT = 1µF, no load (Note 3) 2.0 0.4 TA = +25°C 0.01 TA = +85°C 0.5 TA = +25°C 0.01 TA = +85°C 0.2 TA = +25°C 30 1 1 V µA µA 150 µs TA = -40°C to +85°C 300 300 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Ω Low-Noise, Low-Dropout, 200mA Linear Regulator (VIN = (VOUT(NOMINAL) + 0.5V) or 2.5V (whichever is greater), TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS THERMAL PROTECTION Thermal-Shutdown Temperature Thermal-Shutdown Hysteresis TSHDN 155 °C ∆TSHDN 15 °C Note 1: Limits are 100% production tested at TA = +25°C. Limits over the operating temperature range are guaranteed through correlation using guaranteed by design (GBD) methods. Note 2: The dropout voltage is defined as VIN - VOUT, when VOUT is 100mV below the value of VOUT for VIN = VOUT + 0.5V. Note 3: Time needed for VOUT to reach 95% of final value. __________________________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (VIN = (VOUT(NOMINAL) + 0.5V) or 2.5V (whichever is greater), CIN = 1µF, COUT = 2.2µF, CBP = 0.01µF, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. LOAD CURRENT (MAX1598EZK50) 2.55 2.50 MAX1598-02 5.1 5.0 2.45 4.9 2.40 4.8 110 MAX1598EZK50 105 GROUND-PIN CURRENT (µA) MAX1598-01 5.2 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 2.60 GROUND-PIN CURRENT vs. LOAD CURRENT MAX1598-03 OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. LOAD CURRENT (MAX1598EZK25) MAX1598EZK25 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 50 100 150 50 100 150 200 LOAD CURRENT (mA) LOAD CURRENT (mA) GROUND-PIN CURRENT vs. INPUT VOLTAGE (MAX1598EZK25) GROUND-PIN CURRENT vs. INPUT VOLTAGE (MAX1598EZK50) GROUND-PIN CURRENT (µA) 100 80 NO LOAD 60 40 ILOAD = 50mA 100 80 NO LOAD 60 40 20 20 0 1 2 3 4 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 5 6 200 150 OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. INPUT VOLTAGE 6 NO LOAD 5 MAX1598EZK50 4 3 2 MAX1598EZK25 1 0 0 100 50 LOAD CURRENT (mA) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) ILOAD = 50mA 0 MAX1598-05 120 MAX1598-04 120 GROUND-PIN CURRENT (µA) 60 0 200 MAX1598-06 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 MAX1598 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VIN = (VOUT(NOMINAL) + 0.5V) or 2.5V (whichever is greater), CIN = 1µF, COUT = 2.2µF, CBP = 0.01µF, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 2.55 2.50 2.45 200 MAX1598-08 ILOAD = 50mA 5.1 5.0 4.9 ILOAD = 50mA 180 GROUND-PIN CURRENT (µA) ILOAD = 50mA OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 5.2 MAX1598-07 2.60 GROUND-PIN CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. TEMPERATURE (MAX1598EZK50) MAX1598-09 OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. TEMPERATURE (MAX1598EZK25) 160 140 MAX1598EZK50 120 100 80 MAX1598EZK25 60 40 20 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 -40 0 20 40 60 80 -40 100 -20 0 20 40 60 80 TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C) DROPOUT VOLTAGE vs. LOAD CURRENT (MAX1598EZK25) DROPOUT VOLTAGE vs. LOAD CURRENT (MAX1598EZK50) POWER-SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO vs. FREQUENCY TA = +85°C 150 100 TA = -40°C 0 200 TA = +25°C 150 TA = +85°C 100 120 160 200 40 80 120 160 200 1 COUT = 1µF 0.1 COUT = 10µF ILOAD = 10mA f = 10Hz to 100kHz 70 60 50 MAX1598EZK50 40 MAX1598EZK30 30 FREQUENCY (kHz) 1000 MAX1598EZK50 50 1000 40 MAX1598EZK30 30 20 MAX1598EZK25 COUT = 10µF CBP = 0.01µF f = 10Hz to 100kHz 0 0 100 100 60 10 10 0.01 10 20 MAX1598EZK25 COUT = 10µF 1 OUTPUT NOISE vs. LOAD CURRENT OUTPUT NOISE vs. BP CAPACITANCE OUTPUT NOISE (µVRMS) CBP = 0.01µF ILOAD = 10mA 0.1 FREQUENCY (kHz) 80 MAX1598-13 10 10 0.01 LOAD CURRENT (mA) OUTPUT NOISE SPECTRAL DENSITY vs. FREQUENCY 1 ILOAD = 50mA CBP = 0.1µF 0 0 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 0 COUT = 1µF 10 MAX1598-14 60 30 TA = -40°C OUTPUT NOISE (µVRMS) 40 40 20 0 0 COUT = 10µF 50 50 50 60 PSRR (dB) 200 MAX1598-12 250 DROPOUT VOLTAGE (mV) TA = +25°C 100 70 MAX1598-11 300 MAX1598-10 250 4 -20 TEMPERATURE (°C) 300 DROPOUT VOLTAGE (mV) 0 4.8 MAX1598-15 2.40 OUTPUT NOISE SPECTRAL DENSITY (µV/√Hz) MAX1598 Low-Noise, Low-Dropout, 200mA Linear Regulator 0.001 0.01 BP CAPACITANCE (µF) 0.1 1 10 100 LOAD CURRENT (mA) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 1000 Low-Noise, Low-Dropout, 200mA Linear Regulator REGION OF STABLE COUT ESR vs. LOAD CURRENT OUTPUT NOISE 10Hz TO 100kHz MAX1598-17 MAX1598-16 100 COUT ESR (Ω) 10 VOUT 50µV/div COUT = 10µF 1 COUT = 2.2µF STABLE REGION 0.1 0.01 0 1ms/div 50 MAX1598EZK25, COUT = 10µF, ILOAD = 10mA, CBP = 0.1µF LINE-TRANSIENT RESPONSE 200 MAX1598-19 MAX1598-20 3.01V VIN 3V 150 LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE NEAR DROPOUT LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE MAX1598-18 4V 100 LOAD CURRENT (mA) VOUT 3.00V 2.99V 3.01V VOUT 3.00V 2.99V 3.001V VOUT 3.000V 50mA 50mA 2.999V ILOAD 100µs/div MAX1598EZK30, VIN = VOUT + 0.5V, CIN = 10µF, ILOAD = 0 TO 50mA MAX1598EZK25 SHUTDOWN EXIT DELAY 1V VSHDN 4V CBP = 0.01µF CBP = 0.1µF 5µs/div ILOAD = 50mA V SHDN 2V 0V 5V VOUT VOUT 2V 0V 0V 0V MAX1598-23 VSHDN 2V 0V VOUT CBP = 0.1µF ENTERING SHUTDOWN MAX1598-22 CBP = 0.01µF 2V MAX1598EZK30, VIN = VOUT + 0.1V, CIN = 10µF, ILOAD = 0 TO 50mA MAX1598EZK50 SHUTDOWN EXIT DELAY MAX1598-21 0V 10µs/div 10µs/div MAX1598EZK30, ILOAD = 50mA 2V ILOAD 5µs/div ILOAD = 50mA 500µs/div NO LOAD _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 MAX1598 Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VIN = (VOUT(NOMINAL) + 0.5V) or 2.5V (whichever is greater), CIN = 1µF, COUT = 2.2µF, CBP = 0.01µF, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) MAX1598 Low-Noise, Low-Dropout, 200mA Linear Regulator ______________________________________________________________Pin Description PIN NAME FUNCTION Regulator Input. Supply voltage can range from 2.5V to 6.5V. Bypass with a 1µF capacitor to GND (see the Capacitor Selection and Regulator Stability section). 1 IN 2 GND 3 SHDN 4 BP Reference-Noise Bypass. Bypass with a low-leakage, 0.01µF ceramic capacitor for reduced noise at the output. 5 OUT Regulator Output. Sources up to 200mA. Bypass with a 2.2µF (<0.2Ω typical ESR) capacitor to GND. Ground. This pin also functions as a heatsink. Solder to a large pad or the circuit-board ground plane to maximize power dissipation. Active-Low Shutdown Input. A logic low reduces the supply current to 10nA and causes the output voltage to discharge to GND. Connect to IN for normal operation. Detailed Description The MAX1598 is a low-noise, low-dropout, low-quiescent-current linear regulator designed primarily for battery-powered applications. The part is available with preset output voltages from 2.5V to 5V in 100mV increments. This device can supply loads up to 200mA. As illustrated in Figure 1, the MAX1598 consists of a 1.25V reference, error amplifier, P-channel pass transistor, and internal feedback voltage-divider. The 1.25V bandgap reference is connected to the error amplifier’s inverting input. The error amplifier compares this reference with the feedback voltage and amplifies the difference. If the feedback voltage is lower than the reference voltage, the pass-transistor gate is pulled IN SHDN lower, which allows more current to pass to the output and increases the output voltage. If the feedback voltage is too high, the pass-transistor gate is pulled up, allowing less current to pass to the output. The output voltage is fed back through an internal resistor voltagedivider connected to the OUT pin. An external bypass capacitor connected to the BP pin reduces noise at the output. Additional blocks include a current limiter, reverse battery protection, thermal sensor, and shutdown logic. The MAX1598 also includes an autodischarge function, which actively discharges the output voltage to ground when the device is placed in shutdown mode. REVERSE BATTERY PROTECTION MAX1598 ERROR AMP SHUTDOWN AND POWER-ON CONTROL P MOS DRIVER WITH ILIMIT OUT N THERMAL SENSOR 1.25V REF GND BP Figure 1. Functional Diagram 6 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Low-Noise, Low-Dropout, 200mA Linear Regulator Internal P-Channel Pass Transistor The MAX1598 features a 1.1Ω typical P-channel MOSFET pass transistor. This provides several advantages over similar designs using PNP pass transistors, including longer battery life. The P-channel MOSFET requires no base drive, which reduces quiescent current considerably. PNP-based regulators waste considerable current in dropout when the pass transistor saturates. They also use high base-drive currents under large loads. The MAX1598 does not suffer these problems and consumes only 100µA of quiescent current whether in dropout, lightload, or heavy-load applications (see the Typical Operating Characteristics). Current Limit The MAX1598 includes a current limiter, which monitors and controls the pass transistor’s gate voltage, limiting the output current to 458mA. For design purposes, consider the current limit to be 220mA minimum to 1.1A maximum. The output can be shorted to ground indefinitely without damaging the part. Thermal-Overload Protection Thermal-overload protection limits total power dissipation in the MAX1598. When the junction temperature exceeds TJ = +155°C, the thermal sensor signals the shutdown logic, turning off the pass transistor and allowing the IC to cool. The thermal sensor turns the pass transistor on again after the IC’s junction temperature cools by 15°C, resulting in a pulsed output during continuous thermal-overload conditions. Thermal-overload protection is designed to protect the MAX1598 in the event of fault conditions. For continual operation, do not exceed the absolute maximum junction-temperature rating of TJ = +150°C. Operating Region and Power Dissipation The MAX1598 maximum power dissipation depends on the thermal resistance of the case and circuit board, the temperature difference between the die junction and ambient air, and the rate of air flow. The power dissipation across the device is P = IOUT (VIN - VOUT). The maximum power dissipation is: PMAX = (TJ - TA) / (θJB + θBA) where TJ - TA is the temperature difference between the MAX1598 die junction and the surrounding air, θJB (or θJC) is the thermal resistance of the package, and θBA is the thermal resistance through the PC board, copper traces, and other materials to the surrounding air. The GND pin of the MAX1598 performs the dual functions of providing an electrical connection to ground and channeling heat away. Connect the GND pin to ground using a large pad or ground plane. Reverse Battery Protection The MAX1598 has a unique protection scheme that limits the reverse supply current to 1mA when either VIN or V SHDN falls below ground. Their circuitry monitors the polarity of these two pins and disconnects the internal circuitry and parasitic diodes when the battery is reversed. This feature prevents device damage. Noise Reduction An external 0.01µF bypass capacitor at BP, in conjunction with an internal 200kΩ resistor, creates an 80Hz lowpass filter for noise reduction. The MAX1598 exhibits 30µVRMS of output voltage noise with CBP = 0.01µF and COUT = 10µF. This is negligible in most applications. Startup time is minimized by a power-on circuit that precharges the bypass capacitor. The Typical Operating Characteristics section shows graphs of Noise vs. BP Capacitance, Noise vs. Load Current, and Output Noise Spectral Density. ____________Applications Information Capacitor Selection and Regulator Stability Under normal conditions, use a 1µF capacitor on the MAX1598 input and a 2.2µF to 10µF capacitor on the output. Larger input capacitor values and lower ESRs provide better supply-noise rejection and line-transient response. Reduce noise and improve load-transient response, stability, and power-supply rejection by using large output capacitors. For stable operation over the full temperature range and with load currents up to 200mA, a 2.2µF (min) ceramic capacitor is recommended. Note that some ceramic dielectrics exhibit large capacitance and ESR variation with temperature. With dielectrics such as Z5U and Y5V, it may be necessary to increase the capacitance by a factor of 2 or more to ensure stability at temperatures below -10°C. With X7R or X5R dielectrics, 2.2µF should be sufficient at all operating temperatures. A graph of the Region of Stable COUT ESR vs. Load Current is shown in the Typical Operating Characteristics. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 MAX1598 Output Voltage The MAX1598 is supplied with factory-set output voltages from 2.5V to 5V in 100mV increments. Except for the MAX1598EZK29 and the MAX1598EZK32 (which have an output voltage preset at 2.84V and 3.15V, respectively), the two-digit suffix allows the customer to choose the output voltage in 100mV increments. For example, the MAX1598EZK33 has a preset output voltage of 3.3V (see the Selector Guide). MAX1598 Low-Noise, Low-Dropout, 200mA Linear Regulator Use a 0.01µF bypass capacitor at BP for low output voltage noise. Increasing the capacitance slightly decreases output noise but increases startup time. Values above 0.1µF provide no performance advantage and are not recommended (see the Shutdown Exit Delay graphs in the Typical Operating Characteristics). PSRR and Operation from Sources Other than Batteries The MAX1598 are designed to deliver low dropout voltages and low quiescent currents in battery-powered systems. Power-supply rejection is 63dB at low frequencies and rolls off above 10kHz. See the PowerSupply Rejection Ratio Frequency graph in the Typical Operating Characteristics. When operating from sources other than batteries, improved supply-noise rejection and transient response can be achieved by increasing the values of the input and output bypass capacitors, and through passive filtering techniques. The Typical Operating Characteristics show the MAX1598’s line- and load-transient responses. Load-Transient Considerations The MAX1598 load-transient response graphs (see the Typical Operating Characteristics) show two components of the output response: a DC shift from the output impedance due to the load current change, and the transient response. Typical transient for a step change in the load current from 0 to 50mA is 12mV. Increasing the output capacitor’s value and decreasing the ESR attenuates the overshoot. Input-Output (Dropout) Voltage The regulator’s minimum input-output voltage differential (or dropout voltage) determines the lowest usable supply voltage. In battery-powered systems, this determines the useful end-of-life battery voltage. Because the MAX1598 uses a P-channel MOSFET pass transistor, their dropout voltage is a function of drain-to-source on-resistance (RDS(ON)) multiplied by the load current (see the Typical Operating Characteristics). ___________________Chip Information TRANSISTOR COUNT: 247 SUBSTRATE CONNECTED TO GND _ Selector Guide OUTPUT VOLTAGE (xy) CODE PRESET OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) THIN SOT23 SOT TOP MARK MAX1598 THIN MAX1598EZK25-T 2.50 ADRM MAX1598EZK28-T 2.80 ADRJ MAX1598EZK29-T 2.84 ADRN MAX1598EZK30-T 3.00 ADRO MAX1598EZK32-T 3.15 ADRP MAX1598EZK33-T 3.30 ADRQ MAX1598EZK36-T 3.60 ADRR MAX1598EZK50-T 5.00 ADRS Other xy** x.y0 — **Other xy between 2.5V and 5V are available in 100mV increments. Contact factory for other versions. Minimum order quantity is 25,000 units. 8 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Low-Noise, Low-Dropout, 200mA Linear Regulator THIN SOT23.EPS Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 _____________________ 9 © 2002 Maxim Integrated Products Printed USA is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products. MAX1598 Package Information (The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)