Rev 0; 2/06 Extremely Accurate SPI Bus RTC with Integrated Crystal and SRAM Features The DS3234 is a low-cost, extremely accurate SPI™ bus real-time clock (RTC) with an integrated temperaturecompensated crystal oscillator (TCXO) and crystal. The DS3234 incorporates a precision, temperature-compensated voltage reference and comparator circuit to monitor VCC. When VCC drops below the power-fail voltage (VPF), the device asserts the RST output and also disables read and write access to the part when VCC drops below both VPF and VBAT. The RST pin is monitored as a pushbutton input for generating a reset externally. The device switches to the backup supply input and maintains accurate timekeeping when main power to the device is interrupted. The integration of the crystal resonator enhances the long-term accuracy of the device as well as reduces the piece-part count in a manufacturing line. The DS3234 is available in commercial and industrial temperature ranges, and is offered in an industry-standard 300-mil, 20-pin SO package. ♦ Accuracy ±2ppm from 0°C to +40°C ♦ Accuracy ±3.5ppm from -40°C to +85°C ♦ Battery Backup Input for Continuous Timekeeping ♦ Operating Temperature Ranges Commercial: 0°C to +70°C Industrial: -40°C to +85°C ♦ Low-Power Consumption ♦ Real-Time Clock Counts Seconds, Minutes, Hours, Day, Date, Month, and Year with Leap Year Compensation Valid Up to 2099 ♦ Two Time-of-Day Alarms ♦ Programmable Square-Wave Output ♦ 4MHz SPI Bus Supports Modes 1 and 3 ♦ Digital Temp Sensor Output: ±3°C Accuracy ♦ Register for Aging Trim ♦ RST Input/Output ♦ 300-Mil, 20-Pin SO Package ♦ Underwriters Laboratory (UL) Recognized The DS3234 also integrates 256 bytes of battery-backed SRAM. In the event of main power loss, the contents of the memory are maintained by the power source connected to the VBAT pin. The RTC maintains seconds, minutes, hours, day, date, month, and year information. The date at the end of the month is automatically adjusted for months with fewer than 31 days, including corrections for leap year. The clock operates in either the 24-hour or 12-hour format with AM/PM indicator. Two programmable time-of-day alarms and a programmable square-wave output are provided. Address and data are transferred serially by an SPI bidirectional bus. Applications Servers Telematics Utility Power Meters GPS Ordering Information PART DS3234S# PINPACKAGE TEMP RANGE 0°C to +70°C 20 SO TOP MARK DS3234S DS3234SN# -40°C to +85°C 20 SO DS3234SN # Denotes a RoHS-compliant device that may include lead that is exempt under the RoHS requirements. Lead finish is JESD97 Category e3, and is compatible with both lead-based and lead-free soldering processes. A "#" anywhere on the top mark denotes a RoHS-compliant device. Pin Configuration Typical Operating Circuit TOP VIEW VCC VPU VCC SS SCLK MOSI MISO RST CPU PUSHBUTTON RESET VCC CS SCLK DIN DOUT RST N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. INT/SQW 32kHz VBAT DS3234 SPI is a trademark of Motorola, Inc. GND N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. CS 1 20 SCLK N.C. 2 19 DOUT 32kHz 3 18 SCLK VCC 4 INT/SQW 5 17 DIN DS3234 16 VBAT RST 6 15 GND N.C. 7 14 N.C. N.C. 8 13 N.C. N.C. 9 12 N.C. N.C. 10 11 N.C. SO ______________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim/Dallas Direct! at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com. 1 DS3234 General Description DS3234 Extremely Accurate SPI Bus RTC with Integrated Crystal and SRAM ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Voltage Range on Any Pin Relative to Ground......-0.3V to +6.0V Operating Temperature Range (noncondensing) .............................................-40°C to +85°C Junction Temperature ......................................................+125°C Storage Temperature Range ...............................-40°C to +85°C Soldering Temperature (leads, 10s) ...........................................................+260°C/10s Soldering Temperature (reflow, 2 times max) .......See IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020 Specification Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. RECOMMENDED DC OPERATING CONDITIONS (TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Notes 1, 2) PARAMETER MIN TYP MAX VCC 2.0 3.3 5.5 VBAT 2.0 3.0 3.8 Logic 1 Input CS, SCLK, DIN VIH 0.7 x VCC VCC + 0.3 Logic 0 Input CS, SCLK, DIN, RST VIL 2.0V ≤ VCC ≤ 3.63V -0.3 +0.2 x VCC 3.63V < VCC ≤ 5.5V -0.3 +0.7 Supply Voltage Pullup Voltage INT/SQW SYMBOL VPU CONDITIONS VCC = 0V 5.5 UNITS V V V V ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = 2.0V to 5.5V, VCC = active supply (see Table 1), TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Typical values are at VCC = 3.3V, VBAT = 3.0V, and TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted. TCXO operation guaranteed from 2.3V to 5.5V on VCC and 2.3V to 3.8V on VBAT.) (Notes 1, 2) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX Active Supply Current ICCA SCLK = 4MHz, BSY = 0 (Notes 3, 4) VCC = 3.63V 400 VCC = 5.5V 700 120 ICCS CS = VIH, 32kHz output off, SQW output off (Note 4) VCC = 3.63V Standby Supply Current VCC = 5.5V 160 SPI bus inactive, 32kHz output off, SQW output off VCC = 3.63V 500 VCC = 5.5V 600 Temperature Conversion Current Power-Fail Voltage VBAT Leakage Current ICCSCONV UNITS µA µA VPF 2.45 µA 2.575 2.70 V 25 100 nA IBATLKG (VCC = 2.0V to 5.5V, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Notes 1 and 2) Logic 1 Output, 32kHz IOH = -500µA IOH = -250µA IOH = -125µA 2 VOH VCC > 3.63V, 3.63V > VCC > 2.7V, 2.7V > (VCC or VBAT) > 2.0V (BB32kHz = 1) _____________________________________________________________________ 0.85 x VCC V Extremely Accurate SPI Bus RTC with Integrated Crystal and SRAM (VCC = 2.0V to 5.5V, VCC = active supply (see Table 1), TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Typical values are at VCC = 3.3V, VBAT = 3.0V, and TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted. TCXO operation guaranteed from 2.3V to 5.5V on VCC and 2.3V to 3.8V on VBAT.) (Notes 1, 2) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS 0.4 V Logic 0 Output, 32kHz VOL IOL = 1mA Logic 1 Output, DOUT VOH IOH = -1.0mA Logic 0 Output, DOUT, INT/SQW VOL IOL = 3mA 0.4 V Logic 0 Output, RST VOL IOL = 1.0mA 0.4 V Output Leakage Current 32kHz, INT/SQW, DOUT ILO Output high impedance +1 µA Input Leakage DIN, CS, SCLK ILI RST Pin I/O Leakage IOL 0.85 x VCC -1 RST high impedance (Note 5) V 0 -1 +1 µA -200 +10 µA TCXO (VCC = 2.3V to 5.5V, VBAT = 2.3V to 3.8V, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Notes 1 and 2) Output Frequency fOUT VCC = 3.3V or VBAT = 3.3V 32.768 0°C to +40°C Frequency Stability vs. Temperature Frequency Stability vs. Voltage Trim Register Frequency Sensitivity per LSB Temperature Accuracy Crystal Aging ∆f/fOUT VCC = 3.3V or VBAT = 3.3V -40°C to 0°C and +40°C to +85°C +2 -3.5 +3.5 1 ∆f/V ∆f/LSB Specified at: -40°C 0.7 +25°C 0.1 +70°C 0.4 +85°C 0.8 Temp ∆f/fOUT kHz -2 -3 After reflow, not production tested ppm/V ppm +3 First year ±1.0 0–10 years ±5.0 ppm °C ppm ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = 0V, VBAT = 2.0V to 3.8V, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1) PARAMETER SYMBOL Battery Current (Note 4) IBAT Temperature Conversion Current ITC Data-Retention Current IBATTC CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX VBAT = 3.4V 1.5 2.3 VBAT = 3.8V 1.5 2.5 EOSC = 0, BBSQW = 0 UNITS µA EOSC = 0, BBSQW = 0 400 µA EOSC = 1 100 nA _____________________________________________________________________ 3 DS3234 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) DS3234 Extremely Accurate SPI Bus RTC with Integrated Crystal and SRAM AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = 2.0V to 5.5V, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1) PARAMETER SCLK Clock Frequency SYMBOL fSCL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX 2.7V ≤ VCC ≤ 5.5V 4 2.0V ≤ VCC < 2.7V 2 UNITS MHz Data to SCLK Setup tDC 30 ns SCLK to Data Hold tCDH 30 ns SCLK to CS Setup tCCS SCLK to Data Valid (Note 6) tCDD SCLK Low Time tCL SCLK High Time tCH SCLK Rise and Fall tR, tF CS to SCLK Setup tCC SCLK to CS Hold tCCH CS Inactive Time tCWH 30 ns 2.7V ≤ VCC ≤ 5.5V 80 2.0V ≤ VCC < 2.7V 160 2.7V ≤ VCC ≤ 5.5V 110 2.0V ≤ VCC < 2.7V 220 2.7V ≤ VCC ≤ 5.5V 110 2.0V ≤ VCC < 2.7V 220 ns ns 200 400 2.7V ≤ VCC ≤ 5.5V 100 2.0V ≤ VCC < 2.7V 200 ns ns ns ns 400 ns CS to Output High Impedance tCDZ Pushbutton Debounce PBDB 250 ms tRST 250 ms Reset Active Time Oscillator Stop Flag (OSF) Delay Temperature Conversion Time tOSF (Note 7) 40 (Note 8) 100 tCONV ns ms 125 200 ms TYP MAX UNITS POWER-SWITCH CHARACTERISTICS (TA = -40°C to +85°C) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN VCC Fall Time; VPF(MAX) to VPF(MIN) tVCCF 300 µs VCC Rise Time; VPF(MIN) to VPF(MAX) tVCCR 0 µs Recovery at Power-Up tREC (Note 9) 125 300 ms TYP CAPACITANCE (TA = +25°C) MAX UNITS Capacitance on All Input Pins PARAMETER CIN (Note 10) 10 pF Capacitance on All Output Pins CIO Outputs high impedance (Note 10) 10 pF 4 SYMBOL CONDITIONS _____________________________________________________________________ MIN Extremely Accurate SPI Bus RTC with Integrated Crystal and SRAM RST PBDB tRST Power-Switch Timing VCC VPF(MAX) VPF VPF(MIN) tVCCF VPF tVCCR tREC RST WARNING: Negative undershoots below -0.3V while the part is in battery-backed mode may cause loss of data. Note 1: Note 2: Note 3: Note 4: Note 5: Note 6: Note 7: Note 8: Limits at -40°C are guaranteed by design and not production tested. All voltages are referenced to ground. Measured at VIH = 0.8 x VCC or VIL = 0.2 x VCC, 10ns rise/fall time, DOUT = no load. Current is the averaged input current, which includes the temperature conversion current. CRATE1 = CRATE0 = 0. The RST pin has an internal 50kΩ (nominal) pullup resistor to VCC. Measured at VOH = 0.8 x VCC or VOL = 0.2 x VCC. Measured from the 50% point of SCLK to the VOH minimum of DOUT. With 50pF load. The parameter tOSF is the period of time the oscillator must be stopped for the OSF flag to be set over the voltage range of 0V ≤ VCC ≤ VCC(MAX) and 2.3V ≤ VBAT ≤ VBAT(MAX). Note 9: This delay only applies if the oscillator is enabled and running. If the EOSC bit is 1, tREC is bypassed and RST immediately goes high. Note 10: Guaranteed by design and not production tested. _____________________________________________________________________ 5 DS3234 Pushbutton Reset Timing Extremely Accurate SPI Bus RTC with Integrated Crystal and SRAM DS3234 Timing Diagram—SPI Read Transfer CS tCCS tCC tR tF SCLK tCL tCDZ tCH tCDH tCDD tDC DIN A6 W/R A0 DOUT D7 HIGH IMPEDANCE WRITE ADDRESS BYTE D0 READ DATA BYTE NOTE: SCLK CAN BE EITHER POLARITY, SHOWN FOR CPOL = 1. Timing Diagram—SPI Write Transfer tCWH CS tCC SCLK DIN tCDH tDC W/R tCCH tF tR tCL tCH A6 A0 WRITE ADDRESS BYTE DOUT 6 D7 D0 WRITE DATA BYTE HIGH IMPEDANCE _____________________________________________________________________ Extremely Accurate SPI Bus RTC with Integrated Crystal and SRAM STANDBY SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE BATTERY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE VCC = 0V BB32kHz = 0 2350 SUPPLY CURRENT (nA) SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) 125 100 75 50 DS3234 toc02 INPUTS = GND RST ACTIVE 2600 DS3234 toc01 150 BBSQW = 1 2100 1850 1600 1350 1100 25 600 0 3.3 3.8 4.8 4.3 3.3 2.8 3.8 VCC (V) SUPPLY VOLTAGE (VBAT) BATTERY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE FREQUENCY DEVIATION vs. TEMPERATURE vs. AGING VALUE VCC = 0V BB32kHz = 0 BBSQW = 0 VBAT = 3.4V 750 65 DS3234 toc03 850 800 2.3 5.3 AGING = -128 55 VBAT = 3.0V 700 650 DS3234 toc04 2.8 FREQUENCY DEVIATION (ppm) 2.3 45 AGING = -33 35 25 AGING = 0 15 5 -5 -15 AGING = 127 -25 AGING = 32 -35 -45 600 -20 0 20 40 TEMPERATURE (°C) 60 -40 80 -20 0 20 40 60 80 TEMPERATURE (°C) ICCA vs. DOUT LOAD DS3234 toc05 -40 500 SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) SUPPLY CURRENT (nA) BBSQW = 0 850 450 400 SCLK = 4MHz 350 300 250 200 0 10 20 30 40 CAPACITANCE (pF) _____________________________________________________________________ 7 DS3234 Typical Operating Characteristics (VCC = +3.3V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) DS3234 Extremely Accurate SPI Bus RTC with Integrated Crystal and SRAM Pin Description PIN NAME 1 CS 2, 7–14 N.C. 3 32kHz 4 VCC 8 FUNCTION Active-Low Chip Select Input. Used to select or deselect the device. No Connection. Not connected internally. Must be connected to ground. 32kHz Push-Pull Output. If disabled with either EN32kHz = 0 or BB32kHz = 0, the state of the 32kHz pin will be low. DC Power Pin for Primary Power Supply. This pin should be decoupled using a 0.1µF to 1.0µF capacitor. 5 Active-Low Interrupt or Square-Wave Output. This open-drain pin requires an external pullup resistor. It can be left open if not used. This multifunction pin is determined by the state of the INTCN bit in the Control Register (0Eh). When INTCN is set to logic 0, this pin outputs a square wave and its frequency is determined by RS2 INT/SQW and RS1 bits. When INTCN is set to logic 1, then a match between the timekeeping registers and either of the alarm registers activates the INT/SQW pin (if the alarm is enabled). Because the INTCN bit is set to logic 1 when power is first applied, the pin defaults to an interrupt output with alarms disabled. 6 RST Active-Low Reset. This pin is an open-drain input/output. It indicates the status of VCC relative to the VPF specification. As VCC falls below VPF, the RST pin is driven low. When VCC exceeds VPF, for tRST, the RST pin is driven high impedance. The active-low, open-drain output is combined with a debounced pushbutton input function. This pin can be activated by a pushbutton reset request. It has an internal 50kΩ nominal value pullup resistor to VCC. No external pullup resistors should be connected. If the crystal oscillator is disabled, tRST is bypassed and RST immediately goes high. 15 GND Ground 16 VBAT Backup Power-Supply Input. If VBAT is not used, connect to ground. Diodes placed in series between the VBAT pin and the battery can cause improper operation. UL recognized to ensure against reverse charging when used with a lithium battery. Go to www.maxim-ic.com/qa/info/ul. 17 DIN SPI Data Input. Used to shift address and data into the device. 18, 20 SCLK SPI Clock Input. Used to control timing of data into and out of the device. Either clock polarity can be used. The clock polarity is determined by the device based on the state of SCLK when CS goes low. Pins 18 and 20 are electrically connected together internally. 19 DOUT SPI Data Output. Data is output on this pin when the device is in read mode; CMOS push-pull driver. _____________________________________________________________________ Extremely Accurate SPI Bus RTC with Integrated Crystal and SRAM VCC X1 RST OSCILLATOR AND CAPACITOR ARRAY CONTROL LOGIC/ DIVIDER X2 PUSHBUTTON RESET; SQUARE-WAVE BUFFER; INT/SQW CONTROL N 32kHz DS3234 VCC VBAT POWER CONTROL TEMPERATURE SENSOR CONTROL AND STATUS REGISTERS GND INT/SQW N SRAM CS SCLK SCLK SPI INTERFACE AND ADDRESS REGISTER DECODE DIN CLOCK AND CALENDAR REGISTERS USER BUFFER (7 BYTES) DOUT Detailed Description The DS3234 is a TCXO and RTC with integrated crystal and 256 bytes of SRAM. An integrated sensor periodically samples the temperature and adjusts the oscillator load to compensate for crystal drift caused by temperature variations. The DS3234 provides user-selectable sample rates. This allows the user to select a temperature sensor sample rate that allows for various temperature rates of change, while minimizing current consumption by temperature sensor sampling. The user should select a sample rate based upon the expected temperature rate of change, with faster sample rates for applications where the ambient temperature changes significantly over a short time. The TCXO provides a stable and accurate reference clock, and maintains the RTC to within ±2 minutes per year accuracy from -40°C to +85°C. The TCXO frequency output is available at the 32kHz pin. The RTC is a low-power clock/calendar with _____________________________________________________________________ 9 DS3234 Block Diagram DS3234 Extremely Accurate SPI Bus RTC with Integrated Crystal and SRAM two programmable time-of-day alarms and a programmable square-wave output. The INT/SQW provides either an interrupt signal due to alarm conditions or a squarewave output. The clock/calendar provides seconds, minutes, hours, day, date, month, and year information. The date at the end of the month is automatically adjusted for months with fewer than 31 days, including corrections for leap year. The clock operates in either the 24-hour or 12hour format with AM/PM indicator. Access to the internal registers is possible through an SPI bus interface. A temperature-compensated voltage reference and comparator circuit monitors the level of VCC to detect power failures and to automatically switch to the backup supply when necessary. When operating from the backup supply, access is inhibited to minimize supply current. Oscillator, time and date, and TCXO operations can continue while the backup supply powers the device. The RST pin provides an external pushbutton function and acts as an indicator of a power-fail event. Operation The block diagram shows the main elements of the DS3234. The eight blocks can be grouped into four functional groups: TCXO, power control, pushbutton function, and RTC. Their operations are described separately in the following sections. both V PF and V BAT, the internal clock registers are blocked from any access. If VPF is less than VBAT, the device power is switched from VCC to VBAT when VCC drops below V PF . If V PF is greater than V BAT , the device power is switched from VCC to VBAT when VCC drops below VBAT. After VCC returns above both VPF and VBAT, read and write access is allowed after RST goes high (Table 1). Table 1. Power Control SUPPLY CONDITION READ/WRITE ACCESS ACTIVE SUPPLY RST VCC < VPF, VCC < VBAT No VBAT Active VCC < VPF, VCC > VBAT Yes VCC Active VCC > VPF, VCC < VBAT Yes VCC Inactive VCC > VPF, VCC > VBAT Yes VCC Inactive To preserve the battery, the first time VBAT is applied to the device, the oscillator does not start up until VCC crosses VPF. After the first time VCC is ramped up, the oscillator starts up and the VBAT source powers the oscillator during power-down and keeps the oscillator running. When the DS3234 switches to VBAT, the oscillator may be disabled by setting the EOSC bit. 32kHz TCXO Pushbutton Reset Function The temperature sensor, oscillator, and control logic form the TCXO. The controller reads the output of the on-chip temperature sensor and uses a lookup table to determine the capacitance required, adds the aging correction in the AGE register, and then sets the capacitance selection registers. New values, including changes to the AGE register, are loaded only when a change in the temperature value occurs. The temperature is read on initial application of VCC and once every 64 seconds (default, see the description for CRATE1 and CRATE0 in the Control/Status Register section) afterwards. The DS3234 provides for a pushbutton switch to be connected to the RST output pin. When the DS3234 is not in a reset cycle, it continuously monitors the RST signal for a low going edge. If an edge transition is detected, the DS3234 debounces the switch by pulling the RST low. After the internal timer has expired (PBDB), the DS3234 continues to monitor the RST line. If the line is still low, the DS3234 continuously monitors the line looking for a rising edge. Upon detecting release, the DS3234 forces the RST pin low and holds it low for tRST. Power Control The power control function is provided by a temperature-compensated voltage reference and a comparator circuit that monitors the VCC level. The device is fully accessible and data can be written and read when VCC is greater than VPF. However, when VCC falls below 10 The same pin, RST, is used to indicate a power-fail condition. When VCC is lower than VPF, an internal power-fail signal is generated, which forces the RST pin low. When VCC returns to a level above VPF, the RST pin is held low for tREC to allow the power supply to stabilize. If the EOSC bit is set to logic 1 (to disable the oscillator in battery-backup mode), the reset signal is kept active for tREC plus the startup time of the oscillator (typ 1 second). ____________________________________________________________________ Extremely Accurate SPI Bus RTC with Integrated Crystal and SRAM SRAM The DS3234 provides 256 bytes of general-purpose battery-backed read/write memory. The SRAM can be written or read whenever VCC is above either VPF or VBAT. Address Map Figure 1 shows the address map for the DS3234 timekeeping registers. During a multibyte access, when the address pointer reaches the end of the register space (13h read, 93h write), it wraps around to the beginning (00h read, 80h write). The DS3234 does not respond to a read or write to any reserved address, and the internal address pointer does not increment. Address pointer operation when accessing the 256-byte SRAM data is covered in the description of the SRAM address and data registers. On the falling edge of CS, or during a multibyte access when the address pointer increments to location 00h, the current time is transferred to a second set of registers. The time information is read from these secondary registers, while the internal clock registers continue to increment normally. If the time and date registers are read using a multibyte read, this eliminates the need to reread the registers in case the main registers update during a read. SPI Interface The DS3234 operates as a slave device on the SPI serial bus. Access is obtained by selecting the part by the CS pin and clocking data into/out of the part using the SCLK and DIN/DOUT pins. Multiple byte transfers are supported within one CS low period. The SPI on the DS3234 interface is accessible whenever VCC is above either VBAT or VPF. Clock and Calendar The time and calendar information is obtained by reading the appropriate register bytes. Figure 1 illustrates the RTC registers. The time and calendar data are set or initialized by writing the appropriate register bytes. The contents of the time and calendar registers are in binary-coded decimal (BCD) format. The DS3234 can be run in either 12-hour or 24-hour mode. Bit 6 of the hours register is defined as the 12- or 24-hour mode select bit. When high, 12-hour mode is selected. In 12hour mode, bit 5 is the AM/PM bit with logic-high being PM. In 24-hour mode, bit 5 is the second 10-hour bit (20–23 hours). The century bit (bit 7 of the month register) is toggled when the years register overflows from 99 to 00. The day-of-week register increments at midnight. Values that correspond to the day of week are userdefined but must be sequential (i.e., if 1 equals Sunday, then 2 equals Monday, and so on). Illogical time and date entries result in undefined operation. When reading or writing the time and date registers, secondary (user) buffers are used to prevent errors when the internal registers update. When reading the time and date registers, the user buffers are synchronized to the internal registers on the falling edge of CS or and when the register pointer rolls over to zero. The time information is read from these secondary registers, while the clock continues to run. This eliminates the need to reread the registers in case the main registers update during a read. The countdown chain is reset whenever the seconds register is written. Write transfers occur on the acknowledge from the DS3234. Once the countdown chain is reset, to avoid rollover issues the remaining time and date registers must be written within 1 second. The 1Hz square-wave output, if enabled, transitions high 500ms after the seconds data transfer. ____________________________________________________________________ 11 DS3234 Real-Time Clock With the clock source from the TCXO, the RTC provides seconds, minutes, hours, day, date, month, and year information. The date at the end of the month is automatically adjusted for months with fewer than 31 days, including corrections for leap year. The clock operates in either the 24-hour or 12-hour format with an AM/PM indicator. The clock provides two programmable time-of-day alarms and a programmable square-wave output. The INT/SQW pin either generates an interrupt due to alarm condition or outputs a square-wave signal and the selection is controlled by the bit INTCN. DS3234 Extremely Accurate SPI Bus RTC with Integrated Crystal and SRAM Figure 1. Address Map for DS3234 Timekeeping Registers and SRAM ADDRESS READ/WRITE MSB BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 LSB BIT 0 FUNCTION RANGE 00h 80h 0 10 Seconds Seconds Seconds 00–59 01h 81h 0 10 Minutes Minutes Minutes 00–59 02h 82h 0 12/24 Hour Hours 1-12 +AM /PM 00-23 03h 83h 0 0 Day 1-7 04h 84h 0 0 Date Date 01-31 Month Month/ Century 01-12 + Century Year Year 00-99 00-59 05h 85h 06h 86h Century AM/PM 10 hr 10 hr 0 0 0 Day 10 Date 0 0 10 Mo 10 Year 07h 87h A1M1 10 Seconds Seconds Alarm 1 Seconds 08h 88h A1M2 10 Minutes Minutes Alarm 1 Minutes 00-59 09h 89h A1M3 12/24 Hour Alarm 1 Hours 1-12 +AM /PM 00-23 0Ah 8Ah A1M4 DY/DT Day Date Alarm 1 Day Alarm 1 Date 1-7 01-31 0Bh 8Bh A2M2 Minutes Alarm 2 Minutes 00-59 0Ch 8Ch A2M3 12/24 Hour Alarm 2 Hours 1-12 +AM /PM 00-23 0Dh 8Dh A2M4 DY/DT Day Date Alarm 2 Day Alarm 2 Date 1-7 01-31 0Eh 8Eh EOSC BBSQW A1IE Control — — — AM/PM 0Fh 8Fh OSF 10h 90h SIGN 11h 91h 12h 92h 13h 93h 14h–17h 94h–97h 10 hr 10 hr 0 10 Date 10 Minutes AM/PM 10 hr 10 hr 0 10 Date CONV RS2 RS1 BB32kHz CRATE1 CRATE0 EN32kHz INTCN A2IE BSY A2F A1F Control/ Status DATA DATA DATA DATA DATA DATA DATA Crystal Aging Offset SIGN DATA DATA DATA DATA DATA DATA DATA Temp MSB Read Only DATA DATA 0 0 0 0 0 0 Temp LSB Read Only 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BB_TD Disable Temp Conversions — — — — — — — — — Reserved — — — 18h 98h A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 SRAM Address 19h 99h D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 SRAM Data Note: Unless otherwise specified, the registers’ state is not defined when power is first applied. Bits defined as 0 cannot be written to 1 and will always read 0. 12 ____________________________________________________________________ Extremely Accurate SPI Bus RTC with Integrated Crystal and SRAM The DY/DT bits (bit 6 of the alarm day/date registers) control whether the alarm value stored in bits 0 to 5 of that register reflects the day of the week or the date of the month. If DY/DT is written to logic 0, the alarm will be the result of a match with date of the month. If DY/DT is written to logic 1, the alarm will be the result of a match with day of the week. When the RTC register values match alarm register settings, the corresponding Alarm Flag ‘A1F’ or ‘A2F’ bit is set to logic 1. If the corresponding Alarm Interrupt Enable ‘A1IE’ or ‘A2IE’ is also set to logic 1 and the INTCN bit is set to logic 1, the alarm condition activates the INT/SQW signal. The match is tested on the onceper-second update of the time and date registers. The DS3234 contains two time-of-day/date alarms. Alarm 1 can be set by writing to registers 07h to 0Ah. Alarm 2 can be set by writing to registers 0Bh to 0Dh. The alarms can be programmed (by the alarm enable and INTCN bits of the control register) to activate the INT/SQW output on an alarm match condition. Bit 7 of each of the time-ofday/date alarm registers are mask bits (Table 2). When all the mask bits for each alarm are logic 0, an alarm only occurs when the values in the timekeeping registers match the corresponding values stored in the time-ofday/date alarm registers. The alarms can also be programmed to repeat every second, minute, hour, day, or date. Table 2 shows the possible settings. Configurations not listed in the table will result in illogical operations. Table 2. Alarm Mask Bits DY/DT ALARM 1 REGISTER MASK BITS (BIT 7) ALARM RATE A1M4 A1M3 A1M2 A1M1 X 1 1 1 1 Alarm once per second X 1 1 1 0 Alarm when seconds match X 1 1 0 0 Alarm when minutes and seconds match X 1 0 0 0 Alarm when hours, minutes, and seconds match 0 0 0 0 0 Alarm when date, hours, minutes, and seconds match 1 0 0 0 0 Alarm when day, hours, minutes, and seconds match DY/DT ALARM 2 REGISTER MASK BITS (BIT 7) ALARM RATE A2M4 A2M3 A2M2 X 1 1 1 Alarm once per minute (00 seconds of every minute) X 1 1 0 Alarm when minutes match X 1 0 0 Alarm when hours and minutes match 0 0 0 0 Alarm when date, hours, and minutes match 1 0 0 0 Alarm when day, hours, and minutes match ____________________________________________________________________ 13 DS3234 Alarms DS3234 Extremely Accurate SPI Bus RTC with Integrated Crystal and SRAM Control Register (0Eh/8Eh) BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 NAME: EOSC BBSQW CONV RS2 RS1 INTCN A2IE A1IE POR*: 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 *POR is defined as the first application of power to the device, either VBAT or VCC. Special-Purpose Registers The DS3234 has two additional registers (control and control/status) that control the real-time clock, alarms, and square-wave output. Control Register (0Eh/8Eh) Bit 7: Enable Oscillator (EOSC). When set to logic 0, the oscillator is started. When set to logic 1, the oscillator is stopped when the DS3234 switches to battery power. This bit is clear (logic 0) when power is first applied. When the DS3234 is powered by VCC, the oscillator is always on regardless of the status of the EOSC bit. Bit 6: Battery-Backed Square-Wave Enable (BBSQW). When set to logic 1, this bit enables the square-wave or interrupt output when VCC is absent and the DS3234 is being powered by the VBAT pin. When BBSQW is logic 0, the INT/SQW pin goes high impedance when VCC falls below the power-fail trip point. This bit is disabled (logic 0) when power is first applied. Bit 5: Convert Temperature (CONV). Setting this bit to 1 forces the temperature sensor to convert the temperature into digital code and execute the TCXO algorithm to update the capacitance array to the oscillator. This can only happen when a conversion is not already in progress. The user should check the status bit BSY before forcing the controller to start a new TCXO execution. A user-initiated temperature conversion does not affect the internal 64-second (default interval) update cycle. This bit is disabled (logic 0) when power is first applied. A user-initiated temperature conversion does not affect the BSY bit for approximately 2ms. The CONV bit remains at a 1 from the time it is written until the conversion is finished, at which time both CONV and BSY go to 0. The CONV bit should be used when monitoring the status of a user-initiated conversion. 14 Bits 4 and 3: Rate Select (RS2 and RS1). These bits control the frequency of the square-wave output when the square wave has been enabled. The following table shows the square-wave frequencies that can be selected with the RS bits. These bits are both set to logic 1 (8.192kHz) when power is first applied. SQUARE-WAVE OUTPUT FREQUENCY SQUARE-WAVE OUTPUT FREQUENCY RS2 RS1 0 0 1Hz 0 1 1.024kHz 1 0 4.096kHz 1 1 8.192kHz Bit 2: Interrupt Control (INTCN). This bit controls the INT/SQW signal. When the INTCN bit is set to logic 0, a square wave is output on the INT/SQW pin. When the INTCN bit is set to logic 1, a match between the timekeeping registers and either of the alarm registers activates the INT/SQW (if the alarm is also enabled). The corresponding alarm flag is always set regardless of the state of the INTCN bit. The INTCN bit is set to logic 1 when power is first applied. Bit 1: Alarm 2 Interrupt Enable (A2IE). When set to logic 1, this bit permits the alarm 2 flag (A2F) bit in the status register to assert INT/SQW (when INTCN = 1). When the A2IE bit is set to logic 0 or INTCN is set to logic 0, the A2F bit does not initiate an interrupt signal. The A2IE bit is disabled (logic 0) when power is first applied. Bit 0: Alarm 1 Interrupt Enable (A1IE). When set to logic 1, this bit permits the alarm 1 flag (A1F) bit in the status register to assert INT/SQW (when INTCN = 1). When the A1IE bit is set to logic 0 or INTCN is set to logic 0, the A1F bit does not initiate the INT/SQW signal. The A1IE bit is disabled (logic 0) when power is first applied. ____________________________________________________________________ Extremely Accurate SPI Bus RTC with Integrated Crystal and SRAM BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 NAME: OSF BB32kHz CRATE1 CRATE0 EN32kHz BSY A2F A1F POR*: 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 *POR is defined as the first application of power to the device, either VBAT or VCC. Control/Status Register (0Fh/8Fh) Bit 7: Oscillator Stop Flag (OSF). A logic 1 in this bit indicates that the oscillator either is stopped or was stopped for some period and may be used to judge the validity of the timekeeping data. This bit is set to logic 1 any time that the oscillator stops. The following are examples of conditions that can cause the OSF bit to be set: 1) The first time power is applied. 2) The voltages present on both VCC and VBAT are insufficient to support oscillation. 3) The EOSC bit is turned off in battery-backed mode. 4) External influences on the crystal (i.e., noise, leakage, etc.). This bit remains at logic 1 until written to logic 0. Bit 6: Battery-Backed 32kHz Output (BB32kHz). This bit enables the 32kHz output when powered from VBAT (provided EN32kHz is enabled). If BB32kHz = 0, the 32kHz output is low when the part is powered by VBAT. This bit is disabled (logic 0) when power is first applied. Bits 5 and 4: Conversion Rate (CRATE1 and CRATE0). These two bits control the sample rate of the TCXO. The sample rate determines how often the temperature sensor makes a conversion and applies compensation to the oscillator. Decreasing the sample rate decreases the overall power consumption by decreasing the frequency at which the temperature sensor operates. However, significant temperature changes that occur between samples may not be completely compensated for, which reduce overall accuracy. These bits are set to logic 0 when power is first applied. Bit 3: Enable 32kHz Output (EN32kHz). This bit indicates the status of the 32kHz pin. When set to logic 1, the 32kHz pin is enabled and outputs a 32.768kHz square-wave signal. When set to logic 0, the 32kHz pin is low. The initial power-up state of this bit is logic 1, and a 32.768kHz square-wave signal appears at the 32kHz pin after a power source is applied to the DS3234. This bit is enabled (logic 1) when power is first applied. Bit 2: Busy (BSY). This bit indicates the device is busy executing TCXO functions. It goes to logic 1 when the conversion signal to the temperature sensor is asserted and then is cleared when the conversion is complete. Bit 1: Alarm 2 Flag (A2F). A logic 1 in the alarm 2 flag bit indicates that the time matched the alarm 2 registers. If the A2IE bit and INTCN bit are set to logic 1, the INT/SQW pin is driven low while A2F is active. A2F is cleared when written to logic 0. This bit can only be written to logic 0. Attempting to write to logic 1 leaves the value unchanged. Bit 0: Alarm 1 Flag (A1F). A logic 1 in the alarm 1 flag bit indicates that the time matched the alarm 1 registers. If the A1IE bit and the INTCN bit are set to logic 1, the INT/SQW pin is driven low while A1F is active. A1F is cleared when written to logic 0. This bit can only be written to logic 0. Attempting to write to logic 1 leaves the value unchanged. SAMPLE RATE (seconds) CRATE1 CRATE0 0 0 64 0 1 128 1 0 256 1 1 512 ____________________________________________________________________ 15 DS3234 Control/Status Register (0Fh/8Fh) DS3234 Extremely Accurate SPI Bus RTC with Integrated Crystal and SRAM Aging Offset (10h/90h) BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 NAME: SIGN DATA DATA DATA DATA DATA DATA DATA POR*: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Temperature Register (MSB) (11h) BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 NAME: SIGN DATA DATA DATA DATA DATA DATA DATA POR*: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Temperature Register (LSB) (12h) BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 NAME: DATA DATA 0 0 0 0 0 0 POR*: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 *POR is defined as the first application of power to the device, either VBAT or VCC. Aging Offset Register (10h/90h) The aging offset register provides an 8-bit code to add to or subtract from the oscillator capacitor array. The data is encoded in two’s complement, with bit 7 representing the SIGN bit. One LSB represents the smallest capacitor to be switched in or out of the capacitance array at the crystal pins. The offset register is added to the capacitance array during a normal temperature conversion, if the temperature changes from the previous conversion, or during a manual user conversion (setting the CONV bit). To see the effects of the aging register on the 32kHz output frequency immediately, a manual conversion should be performed after each aging offset register change. Positive aging values add capacitance to the array, slowing the oscillator frequency. Negative values remove capacitance from the array, increasing the oscillator frequency. 16 The change in ppm per LSB is different at different temperatures. The frequency vs. temperature curve is shifted by the values used in this register. At +25°C, one LSB typically provides about 0.1ppm change in frequency. These bits are all set to logic 0 when power is first applied. Temperature Registers (11h–12h) Temperature is represented as a 10-bit code with a resolution of 0.25°C and is accessible at location 11h and 12h. The temperature is encoded in two’s complement format, with bit 7 in the MSB representing the SIGN bit. The upper 8 bits are at location 11h and the lower 2 bits are in the upper nibble at location 12h. Upon power reset, the registers are set to a default temperature of 0°C and the controller starts a temperature conversion. New temperature readings are stored in this register. ____________________________________________________________________ Extremely Accurate SPI Bus RTC with Integrated Crystal and SRAM BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 NAME: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BB_TD POR*: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 *POR is defined as the first application of power to the device, either VBAT or VCC. SRAM Address (18h/98h) NAME: BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 A7 A6 A5 A4 A2 A1 A1 A0 SRAM Data (19h/99h) NAME: BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D2 D1 D1 D0 Note: These registers do not default to any specific value. Temperature Control Register (13h/93h) Bit 0: Battery-Backed Temperature Conversion Disable (BB_TD). The battery-backed tempconv disable bit prevents automatic temperature conversions when the device is powered by the VBAT supply. This reduces the battery current at the expense of frequency accuracy. SRAM Address Register (18h/98h) The SRAM address register provides the 8-bit address of the 256-byte memory array. The desired memory address should be written to this register before the data register is accessed. The contents of this register are incremented automatically if the data register is accessed more than once during a single transfer. When the contents of the address register reach 0FFh, the next access causes the register to roll over to 00h. SRAM Data Register (19h/99h) The SRAM data register provides the data to be written to or the data read from the 256-byte memory array. During a read cycle, the data in this register is that found in the memory location in the SRAM address register (18h/98h). During a write cycle, the data in this register is placed in the memory location in the SRAM address register (18h/98h). When the SRAM data register is read or written, the internal register pointer remains at 19h/99h and the SRAM address register increments after each byte that is read or written, allowing multibyte transfers. SPI Serial Data Bus The DS3234 provides a 4-wire SPI serial data bus to communicate in systems with an SPI host controller. The DS3234 supports both single byte and multiple byte data transfers for maximum flexibility. The DIN and DOUT pins are the serial data input and output pins, respectively. The CS input is used to initiate and terminate a data transfer. The SCLK pin is used to synchronize data movement between the master (microcontroller) and the slave devices (see Table 3). The shift clock (SCLK), which is generated by the microcontroller, is active only during address and data transfer to any device on the SPI bus. Input data (DIN) is latched on the internal strobe edge and output data (DOUT) is shifted out on the shift edge (Figure 2). There is one clock for each bit transferred. Address and data bits are transferred in groups of eight. CS DATA LATCH (WRITE/INTERNAL STROBE) SHIFT DATA OUT (READ) SCLK WHEN CPOL = 0 DATA LATCH (WRITE/INTERNAL STROBE) SHIFT DATA OUT (READ) SCLK WHEN CPOL = 1 NOTE 1: CPHA BIT POLARITY (IF APPLICABLE) MAY NEED TO BE SET ACCORDINGLY. NOTE 2: CPOL IS A BIT SET IN THE MICROCONTROLLER'S CONTROL REGISTER. NOTE 3: DOUT REMAINS AT HIGH IMPEDANCE UNTIL 8 BITS OF DATA ARE READY TO BE SHIFTED OUT DURING A READ. Figure 2. Serial Clock as a Function of Microcontroller ClockPolarity Bit ____________________________________________________________________ 17 DS3234 Temperature Control (13h/93h) DS3234 Extremely Accurate SPI Bus RTC with Integrated Crystal and SRAM Address and data bytes are shifted MSB first into the serial data input (DIN) and out of the serial data output (DOUT). Any transfer requires the address of the byte to specify a write or read, followed by one or more bytes of data. Data is transferred out of the DOUT pin for a read operation and into the DIN for a write operation (Figures 3 and 4). The address byte is always the first byte entered after CS is driven low. The most significant bit of this byte determines if a read or write takes place. If the MSB is 0, one or more read cycles occur. If the MSB is 1, one or more write cycles occur. Table 3. SPI Pin Function CS SCLK DIN DOUT Disable H Input Disabled Input Disabled High Impedance Write L Data Bit Latch High Impedance Read L X Next Data Bit Shift** Read Invalid Location L Don’t Care High Impedance MODE *CPOL = 1, SCLK Rising CPOL = 0, SCLK Falling CPOL = 1, SCLK Falling CPOL = 0, SCLK Rising Don’t Care *CPOL is the clock-polarity bit set in the control register of the host microprocessor. **DOUT remains at high impedance until 8 bits of data are ready to be shifted out during a read. CS SCLK DIN R/W DOUT A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 A2 A1 A0 D7 D6 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 HIGH IMPEDANCE Figure 3. SPI Single-Byte Write CS SCLK DIN R/W DOUT A6 A5 A4 A3 HIGH IMPEDANCE D5 D4 Figure 4. SPI Single-Byte Read 18 ____________________________________________________________________ D3 D2 D1 D0 Extremely Accurate SPI Bus RTC with Integrated Crystal and SRAM DS3234 CS SCLK DIN WRITE ADDRESS BYTE DATA BYTE 0 DATA BYTE 1 DATA BYTE N DIN ADDRESS BYTE READ DOUT HIGH IMPEDANCE DATA BYTE 0 DATA BYTE 1 DATA BYTE N Figure 5. SPI Multiple-Byte Burst Transfer Data transfers can occur one byte at a time or in multiple-byte burst mode. After CS is driven low, an address is written to the DS3234. After the address, one or more data bytes can be written or read. For a single-byte transfer, one byte is read or written and then CS is driven high. For a multiple-byte transfer, however, multiple bytes can be read or written after the address has been written (Figure 5). Each read or write cycle causes the RTC register address to automatically increment, which continues until the device is disabled. The address wraps to 00h after incrementing to 13h (during a read) and wraps to 80h after incrementing to 93h (during a write). An updated copy of the time is loaded into the user buffers upon the falling edge of CS and each time the address pointer increments from 13h to 00h. Because the internal and user copies of the time are only synchronized on these two events, an alarm condition can occur internally and activate the INT/SQW pin independently of the user data. If the SRAM is accessed by reading (address 19h) or writing (address 99h) the SRAM data register, the contents of the SRAM address register are automatically incremented after the first access, and all data cycles will use the SRAM data register. Handling, PC Board Layout, and Assembly The DS3234 package contains a quartz tuning-fork crystal. Pick-and-place equipment can be used, but precautions should be taken to ensure that excessive shock and vibration are avoided. Ultrasonic cleaning should be avoided to prevent damage to the crystal. Avoid running signal traces under the package, unless a ground plane is placed between the package and the signal line. All N.C. (no connect) pins must be connected to ground. ____________________________________________________________________ 19 Chip Information TRANSISTOR COUNT: 48,000 SUBSTRATE CONNECTED TO GROUND PROCESS: CMOS Thermal Information Theta-JA: +55°C/W Theta-JC: +24°C/W Package Information (The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information, go to www.maxim-ic.com/DallasPackInfo). 56-G4009-001.EPS DS3234 Extremely Accurate SPI Bus RTC with Integrated Crystal and SRAM Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. 20 ____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 © 2006 Maxim Integrated Products Printed USA is a registered trademark of Dallas Semiconductor Corporation. Marichu Quijano is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.