Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor/V-G Surface Mount Type Type : V Series: G ■ Features Discontinued Endurance :105°C 1000 h ■Specification Operating temp. range -40 to + 105°C Rated W.V. range Nominal cap. range 6.3 to 50 V .DC 0.1 to 470 µ F Capacitance tol. DC leakage current ±20 % (120Hz/+20°C) I < 0.01 CV or 3 (µ A) after 2 minutes (Whichever is the greater) tan δ W.V. tan δ (120Hz / +20°C) Characteristics at Low Temperature 6.3 10 16 25 35 50 0.30 0.22 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.12 W.V. (V) -25 / +20 °C -40 / +20 °C 6.3 4 8 10 3 6 16 2 4 25 2 4 35 2 3 50 2 3 ( Impedance ratio at 120 Hz) After applying rated working voltage for 1000 hours at +105 ± 2°C, and then being atabilized at +20°C, capacitors shall meet following limits. Endurance Capacitance change < ±20% of initial measured value tan δ < 200% of initial specified value DC leakage current < initial specified value After storage for 1000 hours at +105 ±2°C with no voltage applied and then being stabilized at +20°C, capacitor shall meet the limits specified in “Endurance”. Shelf life After reflow soldering (230°C of peak temperature and reflow time less than 20 seconds.) and then being stabilized at 20°C, capacitor shall meet the following limits, (Infrared ray oven is also available.) Resistance to Soldering Heat Capacitance change tan δ DC leakage current < ±10% of initial measured value < initial specified value < initial specified value ■Explanation of Part Number E C E Common code V Shape G W.V. code Series code Capacitance code Suffix Taping W=12 mm φ4(B) P W=16 mm φ5,φ6.3,φ8x6.2(C,D,E) P W=24 mm φ8x10.2, φ10x10.2(F,G) ■ Dimensions in mm (not to scale) @ A±0.2 0.3 max ( ) reference size (-): Negative polarity marking 22 50 G Capacitance (µF) E,F,G= L±0.3 (P) L+0.1 -0.2 (I) Rated voltage (V.DC) H φD±0.5 K Example : 50V22µF (I) ■ Marking R w (mm) Series identification Size D code B 4.0 C 5.0 D 6.3 E 8.0 8.0 F G 10.0 L 5.4 5.4 5.4 6.2 10.2 10.2 A 4.3 5.3 6.6 8.3 8.3 10.3 H I 5.5 MAX 6.5 MAX 7.8 MAX 9.5 MAX 10.0 MAX 12.0MAX 1.8 2.2 2.6 3.4 3.4 3.5 W 0.65 ± 0.1 0.65±0.1 0.65± 0.1 0.65±0.1 0.90±0.2 0.90±0.2 P 1.0 1.5 1.8 2.2 3.1 4.6 K 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.70 0.70 -0.20 -0.20 -0.20 -0.20 ±0.2 ±0.2 to +0.15 to +0.15 to +0.15 to +0.15 Design, Specifications are subject to change without notice. Ask factory for technical specifications before purchase and/or use. Whenever a doubt about safety arises from this product, please inform us immediately for technical consulation without fail. Mar. 2005 Ñ EE3 Ñ Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor/V-G Discontinued ■ Case size / Ripple current (mA) r.m.s. (120Hz/+105°C) ● Polarized W.V.(V) Cap. (µF) 0.1 0.22 0.33 0.47 1.0 2.2 3.3 4.7 10 22 33 47 100 220 330 470 6.3(0J) (0R1) (R22) (R33) (R47) (010) (2R2) (3R3) (4R7) (100) (220) (330) (470) (101) (221) (331) (471) B 10(1A) 29 C D 46 71 F 230 C 43 E F 110 160 G 270 16(1C) B C 28 39 D 70 G G 210 230 25(1E) B C D D E F 22 28 55 65 91 130 35(1V) B C D E F G 22 30 60 84 98 160 50(1H) B B B B B B B C D E F G 1 2 3 5 10 16 16 23 35 70 91 100 Size code Ripple current ( ) shows W.V. and capacitance Design, Specifications are subject to change without notice. Ask factory for technical specifications before purchase and/or use. Whenever a doubt about safety arises from this product, please inform us immediately for technical consulation without fail. Mar. 2005 Ñ EE4 Ñ Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor Application Guidelines 1.2 Operating Temperature and Life Expectancy 1. Circuit Design E n s u r e t h a t operational and mounting conditions follw the specified conditions detailed in the catalog and specification sheets. 1.1 Operating Temperature and Frequency E l e c t r o l y t i c c a p a c i t o r e l e c t r i c a l p a ra m e t e r s a r e normally specified at 20°C temperature and 120Hz frequency. These parameter s var y with changes in t e m p e r a t u r e a n d f r e q u e n c y. C i r c u i t d e s i g n e r s should take these changes into consideration. (1) Effects of o p e ra t i n g t e m p e ra t u r e on electrical parameters a ) A t h i g h e r t e m p e ra t u r e s, l e a k a g e c u r r e n t a n d c a p a c i t a n c e i n c r e a s e while equivalent series resistance(ESR) decreases. b)At l o w e r t e m p e r a t u r e s , l e a k a g e c u r r e n t a n d c a p a c i t a n c e decrease while equivalent series resistance(ESR) increases. (2) Effects of fr e q u e n c y on e l e c t r i c a l p a r a m e t e r s a)At higher frequencies, capacitance and impedance decrease while tan δ increases. b)At lower frequencies, r ipple current generated heat will ri s e d u e t o a n increase in equivalent series resistance (ESR). (1) Expected life is affected by operating temperature. Generally, each 10°C reduction in temperature will double the expected life. Use capacitors at the lowest possible temperature below the maximum guaranteed temperature. (2) I f o p e ra t i n g c o n d i t i o n s ex c e e d t h e m a x i m u m guaranteed limit, rapid eIectrical parameter deterioration will occur, and irreversible damage will result. Check for maximum capacitor operating temperatures including ambient temperature, inter nal capacitor temperature rise caused by ripple current, a n d t h e e f fe c t s o f r a d i a t e d h e a t f r o m p ow e r transistors, IC?s or resistors. Avoid placing components which could conduct heat to the capacitor from the back side of the circuit board. (3)The formula for calculating expected Iife at lower operating temperatures is as fllows; L2 = L1 x 2 4 100 90 80 Initial failure period Random failure period 1 70 Failure rate Capacitor Ambient Temperature 24h 3 60 50 40 (h) operatYears ion 8h/d Years ■ Failure rate curve 1. 85°C2000h 2.105°C1000h 3.105°C2000h 4.105°C5000h 120 2 2000 where, L1: Guaranteed life (h) at temperature, T1° C L2: Expected life (h) at temperature,T2°C T1: Maximum operating temperature (°C) T2: Actual operating temperature, ambient temperature + temperature rise due to ripple currentheating(°C) A quick eference capacitor guide for estimating exected life is included for your reference. ■ Expected Life Estimate Quick Reference Guide 110 T1-T2 10 5000 10,000 20,000 1 2 3 3 6 10 Wear failure period Life Time 50,000 100,000 200,000 4 5 7 15 20 20 Time 30 Design, Specifications are subject to change without notice. Ask factory for technical specifications before purchase and/or use. Whenever a doubt about safety arises from this product, please inform us immediately for technical consulation without fail. – EE16 – Mar. 2005 Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor ■ Typical failure modes and their factors Faliure mode Faliure mechanism (internal phenomenon) Production factor Application factor Overvoltage applied Increase in internal pressure Vent operates Capacitance reduction Increase in inter• nal temperature • Reduced anode foil capacitance • • • • • Reduced cathode foil capacitance tan d increase • Excessive ripple current • Reverse voltage applied • Severe charging-discharging AC voltage applied • Defect of oxide film • • • Deterioration of oxide film Leakage current increase • Used for a high temperature Insufficient electrolyte • • Used for a long period of time Electrolyte evaporation • Insulation breakdown of film or electrolytic paper Short circuit Metal particles in capacitor • • • Stress applied to leads Burr(s) on foil leads Leads improperly connected Leads improperly connected Open • • Mechanical stress • Use of Halogenated solvent Corrosion • Infiltration of Cl Use of adhesive Use of coating material Design, Specifications are subject to change without notice. Ask factory for technical specifications before purchase and/or use. Whenever a doubt about safety arises from this product, please inform us immediately for technical consulation without fail. Mar. 2005 – EE17 – Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor 1.3 Common Application Conditions to Avoid The following misapplication load conditions will cause rapid deter ioration to capacitor electr ical p a r a m e t e r s. l n a d d i t i o n , ra p i d h e a t i n g a n d g a s generation within the capacitor can occur causing the pressure relief vent to operate and resuItant leakage of electrolyte. Under extreme conditions, explosion and fire could result. Leakinq electrolyte is combustible and electrically conductive. The vinyl sleeve of the capacitor can be damaged i f s o l d e r p a s s e s t h r o u g h a l e a d h o l e for subsequently processed parts. Special care when locating hole positions in proximity to capacitors is recommended. (3) Circuit Board Hole Spacing The circuit board holes spacing should match the capacitor lead wire spacing within the specified tolerances. Incorrect spacing can cause excessive lead wire stress during the insertion process. This may resuIt in premature capacitor failure due to short or open circuit, increased leakage current, or electrolyte leakage. (1) Reverse Voltaqe DC capacitors have polarity. Verify correct polarity before inser tion. For circuits with changing or uncertain polarity,use DC bipolar capacitors. DC bipolar capacitors are not suitable for use in AC circuits. (4)Land/Pad Pattern The circuit board land/pad pattern size for chip capacitors is specified in the following table. (2) Charqe/Discharqe Applications Standard capacitors are not suitable for use in repeating charge/discharge applications. For charqe/discharqe applications consult us and advise actual conditions. [ Table of Board Land Size vs. Capacitor Size ] (3) Overvoltage c Do not appIy voltaqes exceeding the maximum specified rated voltages. Voltage up to the surge voltage rating are acceptable for short periods of time. Ensure that the sum of the DC voltage and the superimposed AC ripple vo l t a g e does not exceed the rated voltage. b (4) Ripple Current (1) Capacitors Connected in Parallel The circuit resistance can closely approximate the ser ies resistance of the capacitor causing an imbalance of ripple current loads w i t h in the capacitors. Careful design of wiring methods can minimize the possibility of excessive ripple currents applied to a capacitor. b Size A(φ3) B(φ4) C(φ5) D(φ6.3) E(φ8 x 6.2L) F(φ8 x 10.2L) G(φ10 x 10.2L) Do not apply ripple currents exceeding the maximum specified value. For high ripple current applications, use a capacitor designed for high rippIe currents or contact us with your requirements. Ensure that allowable ripple currents superimposed on low DC bias voltages do not cause reverse voltage conditions. 1.4 Using Two or More Capacitors in Series or Parallel a Board land part a 0.6 1.0 1.5 1.8 2.2 3.1 4.6 b 2.2 2.5. 2.8 3.2 4.0 4.0 4.1 (mm) c 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.0 Among others, when the size a is wide , back fillet can not be made, decreasing fitting strength. ❉ Decide considering mounting condition, solderability and fitting strength, etc. based on the design standards of your company. (2) Capacitors Connected in Series Normal DC leakage current differences among capacitors can cause voltage imbalances. The use of voltage divider shunt resistors with consideration to leakage currents, can prevent capacitor voltage imbaIances. 1.5 Capacitor Mounting Considerations (1) DoubIe - Sided Circuit Boards Avoid wiring Pattern runs which pass between the mounted capacitor and the circuit board. When dipping into a solder bath, excess solder may collect u n d e r t h e c a p a c i t o r by c a p i l l a r y a c t i o n a n d shortcircuit the anode and cathode terminals. (2) Circuit Board Hole Positioning Design, Specifications are subject to change without notice. Ask factory for technical specifications before purchase and/or use. Whenever a doubt about safety arises from this product, please inform us immediately for technical consulation without fail. – EE18 – Mar. 2005 Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor (5)Clearance for Case Mounted Pressure Relief Vents 2. Capacitor Handling Techniques 2.1 Considerations Before Using Capacitors with case mounted pressure relief vents require sufficient clearance to allow for proper vent operation. The minimum clearances are dependent on capacitor diameters as follows. f6.3 to f16 mm : 2 mm minimum, f18 to f35 mm : 3 mm minimum. f40 mm or greater: 5 mm minimum (6)Clearance for Seal Mounted Pressure Relief Vents A hole in the circuit board directly under the seal vent location is required to allow proper release of pressure. (7)Wiring Near the Pressure Relief Vent Avoid locating high voltage or high current wiring or circuit board paths above the pressure relief vent. Flammable, high temperature gas exceeding 100°C may be released which could dissolve the wire insulation and ignite. (8)Circuit Board Patterns Under the Capacitor Avoid circuit board runs under the capacitor as electrolyte leakage could cause an electrical short. (9)Screw Terminal Capacitor Mounting Do not orient the capacitor with the screw terminal side of the capacitor facing downwards. ● Tighten the terminal and mounting bracket screws within the torque range specified in the specification. ● 1.6Electrical Isolation of the Capacitor Completely isolate the capacitor as follows. ● Between the cathode and the case (except for axially leaded B types) and between the anode terminal and other circuit paths. ● Between the extra mounting terminals (on T types) and the anode terminal, cathode terminal, and other circuit paths. 1.7 Capacitor Sleeve The vinyl sleeve or laminate coating is intended for marking and identification purposes and is not meant to electrically insulate the capacitor. The s l e e v i n g may split or crack if immersed into solvents such as toluene or xylene, and then exposed to high temperatures. (1) Capacitors have a finite life. Do not reuse or recycle capacitors from used equipment. (2) Transient recovery voltage may be generated in the capacitor due to dielectric absorption. If required, this voltage can be discharged with a resistor with a value of about 1 kΩ. (3) Capacitors stored for long periods of time may exhibit an increase in leakage current. This can be corrected by gradually applying rated voltage in series with a resistor of approximately 1 kΩ. (4) If capacitors are dropped, they can be damaged mechanically or electrically. Avoid using dropped capacitors. (5) Dented or crushed capacitors should not be used. The seal integrity can be compromised and loss of electrolyte/shortened life can result. 2.2 Capacitor Insertion (1) Verify the correct capacitance and rated voltage of the capacitor. (2) Verify the correct polarity of the capacitor before inserting. (3) Verify the correct hole spacing before insertion (land pattern size on chip type) to avoid stress on the terminals. (4) Ensure that the auto insertion equipment lead clinching operation does not stress the capacitor leads where they enter the seal of the capacitor. For chip type capacitors, excessive mounting pressure can cause high leakage current, short circuit, or disconnection. 2.3 Manual Soldering (1) O b s e r v e t e m p e r a t u r e a n d t i m e s o l d e r i n g specifications or do not exceed temperatures of 350°C for 3 seconds or less. (2) If lead wires must be formed to meet terminal board hole spacing, avoid stress on the leadwire where it enters the capacitor seal. (3) If a soldered capacitor must be removed and reinserted, avoid excessive stress to the capacitor leads. (4) Aviod touching the tip of the soldering iron to the capacitor, to prevent melting of the vinyl sleeve. Always consider safety when designing equipment and circuits. Plan for worst case failure modes such as short circuits and open circuits which could occur during use. (1)Provide protection circuits and protection devices to allow safe failure modes. (2)Design redundant or secondary circuits where possible to assure continued operation in case of main circuit failure. Design, Specifications are subject to change without notice. Ask factory for technical specifications before purchase and/or use. Whenever a doubt about safety arises from this product, please inform us immediately for technical consulation without fail. Mar. 2005 – EE19 – Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor 2.4 Flow Soldering (1) Don not immerse the c a p a c i t o r body into the solder bath as excessive internal pressure could result. (2) Observe proper soldering conditions (temperature, time, etc.). Do not exceed the specified limits. (3) Do not allow other parts or components to touch the capacitor during soldering. 2.5 2.6 Other Soldering Considerations Rapid temperature rises during the preheat operation and resin bonding operation can cause cracking of the capacitor vinyl sleeve. For heat curing, do not exceed 150°C for a maximum time of 2 minutes. 2.7 Capacitor Handling after Soldering Reflow Soldering for Chip Capacitors (1) For reflow, use a thermal conduction system such as infrared radiation (IR) or hot blast. Vapor heat transfer systems (VPS) are not recommended. (2) Observe proper soldering conditions (temperature, time, etc.). Do not exceed the specified limits. (3) Reflow should be performed one time. Consult us for additional reflow restrictions. (1) Avoid movement of the capacitor after soldering to prevent excessive stress on the leadwires where they enter the seal. (2) Do not use the capacitor as a handle when moving the circuit board assembly. (3) Avoid striking the capacitor after assembly to prevent failure due to excessive shock. Parts upper part temperature (°C) 5 (s) 250 Peak temperature 200 150 160°C Time in 200°C or more 120 (s) 100 50 Time Peak temperature (°C) Chip capacitor reflow guaranteed condition 240 230 220 210 10 20 30 40 50 60 Time in 200°C or more (s) (φ3 to 6.3φ) Peak temperature (°C) Circuit Board Cleaning (1) Circuit boards can be immersed or ultrasonically cleaned using suitable cleaning solvents for up to 5 minutes and up to 60°C maximum temperatures. The boards should be thoroughly rinsed and dried. Recommended cleaning solvents include Pine Alpha ST-100S, Sunelec B-12, DK Beclear CW-5790, Aqua Cleaner 210SEP, Cold Cleaner P3-375, Telpen Cleaner EC-7R, Clean-thru 750H, Clean-thru 750L, Clean thru 710M, Techno Cleaner 219, Techno Care FRW-17, Techno Care FRW-1, Techno Care FRV-1, IPA (isopropyl alcohol) ✽ The use of ozone depleting cleaning agents are not recommended in the interest of protecting the environment. 0 240 230 220 210 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Time in 200°C or more (s) (φ8 to φ10) Peak temperature (°C) 2.8 EB Series 240 230 220 (2) Avoid using the following solvent groups unless specifically allowed for in the specification; ● Halogenated cleaning solvents: except for solvent resistant capacitor types, halogenated solvents can p e r m e a t e t h e s e a l a n d c a u s e i n t e r n a l capacitor corrosion and failure. For solvent resistant capacitors, carefully follow the temperature and time requirements of the specificaion. 1-1-1 trichloroe thane should never be used on any aluminium electrolytic capacitor. ● Alkali solvents: could attack and dissolve the aluminum case. ● Petroleum based solvents: deterioration of the rubber seal could result. ● Xylene: deterioration of the rubber seal could result. ● Acetone: removal of the ink markings on the vinyl sleeve could result. 210 0 10 20 30 40 50 Time in 200°C or more (s) (φ10 to φ18) 60 ✽ Temperature measuring method: Measure temperature in assuming quantitative production, by sticking the thermo-couple to the capacitor upper part with epoxy adhesives. Design, Specifications are subject to change without notice. Ask factory for technical specifications before purchase and/or use. Whenever a doubt about safety arises from this product, please inform us immediately for technical consulation without fail. – EE20 – Mar. 2005 Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor (3) A thorough drying after cleaning is required to remove residual cleaning solvents which may be trapped b e t w e e n the capacitor and the circuit board. Avoid drying temperatures which exceed the maximum rated temperature of the capacitor. (4) Monitor the contamination levels of the cleaning solvents during use by electrical conductivity, pH, specific gravity, or water content. Chlorine levels can rise with contamination and adversely affect the performance of the capacitor. 3.2 Electrical Precautions ✽ Please consult us for additonal information about acceptable cleaning solvents or cleaning methods. 4. Emergency Procedures Type Series Cleaning permitted Surface mount type V(Except EB Series) L Lead type Bi-polar SU M KA Bi-polar KA FB FC GA NHG EB TA TS UP TS HA L L(~ 100V) L L L L L L(~ 100V) L(~ 100V) L L(~ 100V) L(~ 100V) Snap-in type (1) Avoid touching the terminals of the capacitor as possible electric shock could result. The exposed aluminium case is not insulated and could also cause electric shock if touched. (2)Avoid short circuiting the area between the capacitor terminals with conductive materials including liquids such as acids or alkaline solutions. (1) I f t h e p r e s s u r e r e l i e f v e n t o f t h e c a p a c i t o r operates, immediately turn off the equipment and disconnect from the power source. This will minimize additional damage caused by the vaporizing electrolyte. (2) Avoid contact with the escaping electrolyte gas which can exceed 100°C temperatures. If electrolyte or gas enters the eye, immediately flush the eye with large amounts of water. If electrolyte or gas is ingested by mouth, gargle with water. If electrolyte contacts the skin, wash with soap and water. 5. Long Term Storage 2.9 Mounting Adhesives and Coating Agents When using mounting adhesives or coating agents to control humidity, avoid using materials containing halogenated solvents. Also, avoid the use of chloroprene based polymers. ✽ After applying adhesives or coatings, dry thoroughly to prevent residual solvents from being trapped between the capacitor and the circuit board. Leakage current of a capacitor increases with long storage times. The aluminium oxide film deteriorates as a function of temperature and time. If used without reconditioning, an abnormally high current will be required to restore the oxide film. This current surge could cause the circuit or the capacitor to fail. Capacitor should be reconditioned by applying rated voltage in series with a 1000 Ω, current limiting resistor for a time period of 30 minutes. 5.1 Environmental Conditions (Storage) 3. Precautions for using capacitors 3.1 Environmental Conditions C a p a c i t o r s s h o u l d not b e u s e d i n t h e f o l l o w i n g environments. (1) Temperature exposure above the maximum rated or below the minimum rated temperature of the capacitor. (2) Direct contact with water, salt water, or oil. (3) H i g h h u m i d i t y c o n d i t i o n s w h e r e w a t e r c o u l d condense on the capacitor. (4) Exposure to toxic gases such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, chlorine, or ammonia. (5) Exposure to ozone, radiation, or ultraviolet rays. (6) V i b r a t i o n a n d s h o c k c o n d i t i o n s e x c e e d i n g specified requirements. Capacitors should not be stored in the following environments. (1) Temperature exposure above 35°C or below 15 °C. (2) Direct contact with water, salt water, or oil. (3) High humidity conditions where water could condense on the capacitor. (4) E x p o s u r e t o t o x i c g a s e s s u c h a s h y d r o g e n sulfide,sulfuric acid, nitric acid, chlorine, or ammonia. (5) Exposure to ozone, radiation, or ultraviolet rays. (6) V i b r a t i o n a n d s h o c k c o n d i t i o n s e x c e e d i n g specified requirements. Design, Specifications are subject to change without notice. Ask factory for technical specifications before purchase and/or use. Whenever a doubt about safety arises from this product, please inform us immediately for technical consulation without fail. Mar. 2005 – EE21 – Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor 6. Capacitor Disposal When disposing of capacitors, use one of the following methods. ● Incinerate after crushing the capacitor or puncturing the can wall (to prevent explosion due to internal pressure rise). Capacitors should be incinerated at high temperatures to prevent the release of toxic gases such as chlorine from the polyvinyl chloride sleeve, etc. ● Dispose of as solid waste. ● Local laws may have specific disposal requirements which must be followed. The application guidelines above are taken from: Technical Report EIAJ RCR-2367 issued by the Japan Electronic Industry Association, Inc. Guideline of notabilia for aluminium electrolytic capacitors with non-solid electrolytic for use in electronic equipment. Refer to this Technical Report for additional details. Design, Specifications are subject to change without notice. Ask factory for technical specifications before purchase and/or use. Whenever a doubt about safety arises from this product, please inform us immediately for technical consulation without fail. – EE22 – Mar. 2005