Section I. Cyclone II Device Family Data Sheet This section provides information for board layout designers to successfully layout their boards for Cyclone® II devices. It contains the required PCB layout guidelines, device pin tables, and package specifications. This section includes the following chapters: Revision History Altera Corporation ■ Chapter 1. Introduction ■ Chapter 2. Cyclone II Architecture ■ Chapter 3. Configuration & Testing ■ Chapter 4. Hot Socketing & Power-On Reset ■ Chapter 5. DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications ■ Chapter 6. Reference & Ordering Information Refer to each chapter for its own specific revision history. For information on when each chapter was updated, refer to the Chapter Revision Dates section, which appears in the complete handbook. Section I–1 Preliminary Revision History Section I–2 Preliminary Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation 1. Introduction CII51001-3.2 Introduction Following the immensely successful first-generation Cyclone® device family, Altera® Cyclone II FPGAs extend the low-cost FPGA density range to 68,416 logic elements (LEs) and provide up to 622 usable I/O pins and up to 1.1 Mbits of embedded memory. Cyclone II FPGAs are manufactured on 300-mm wafers using TSMC's 90-nm low-k dielectric process to ensure rapid availability and low cost. By minimizing silicon area, Cyclone II devices can support complex digital systems on a single chip at a cost that rivals that of ASICs. Unlike other FPGA vendors who compromise power consumption and performance for low-cost, Altera’s latest generation of low-cost FPGAs—Cyclone II FPGAs, offer 60% higher performance and half the power consumption of competing 90-nm FPGAs. The low cost and optimized feature set of Cyclone II FPGAs make them ideal solutions for a wide array of automotive, consumer, communications, video processing, test and measurement, and other end-market solutions. Reference designs, system diagrams, and IP, found at www.altera.com, are available to help you rapidly develop complete end-market solutions using Cyclone II FPGAs. Low-Cost Embedded Processing Solutions Cyclone II devices support the Nios II embedded processor which allows you to implement custom-fit embedded processing solutions. Cyclone II devices can also expand the peripheral set, memory, I/O, or performance of embedded processors. Single or multiple Nios II embedded processors can be designed into a Cyclone II device to provide additional co-processing power or even replace existing embedded processors in your system. Using Cyclone II and Nios II together allow for low-cost, high-performance embedded processing solutions, which allow you to extend your product's life cycle and improve time to market over standard product solutions. Low-Cost DSP Solutions Use Cyclone II FPGAs alone or as DSP co-processors to improve price-to-performance ratios for digital signal processing (DSP) applications. You can implement high-performance yet low-cost DSP systems with the following Cyclone II features and design support: ■ ■ ■ Altera Corporation February 2008 Up to 150 18 × 18 multipliers Up to 1.1 Mbit of on-chip embedded memory High-speed interfaces to external memory 1–1 Features ■ ■ ■ DSP intellectual property (IP) cores DSP Builder interface to The Mathworks Simulink and Matlab design environment DSP Development Kit, Cyclone II Edition Cyclone II devices include a powerful FPGA feature set optimized for low-cost applications including a wide range of density, memory, embedded multiplier, and packaging options. Cyclone II devices support a wide range of common external memory interfaces and I/O protocols required in low-cost applications. Parameterizable IP cores from Altera and partners make using Cyclone II interfaces and protocols fast and easy. Features The Cyclone II device family offers the following features: ■ High-density architecture with 4,608 to 68,416 LEs ● M4K embedded memory blocks ● Up to 1.1 Mbits of RAM available without reducing available logic ● 4,096 memory bits per block (4,608 bits per block including 512 parity bits) ● Variable port configurations of ×1, ×2, ×4, ×8, ×9, ×16, ×18, ×32, and ×36 ● True dual-port (one read and one write, two reads, or two writes) operation for ×1, ×2, ×4, ×8, ×9, ×16, and ×18 modes ● Byte enables for data input masking during writes ● Up to 260-MHz operation ■ Embedded multipliers ● Up to 150 18- × 18-bit multipliers are each configurable as two independent 9- × 9-bit multipliers with up to 250-MHz performance ● Optional input and output registers ■ Advanced I/O support ● High-speed differential I/O standard support, including LVDS, RSDS, mini-LVDS, LVPECL, differential HSTL, and differential SSTL ● Single-ended I/O standard support, including 2.5-V and 1.8-V, SSTL class I and II, 1.8-V and 1.5-V HSTL class I and II, 3.3-V PCI and PCI-X 1.0, 3.3-, 2.5-, 1.8-, and 1.5-V LVCMOS, and 3.3-, 2.5-, and 1.8-V LVTTL ● Peripheral Component Interconnect Special Interest Group (PCI SIG) PCI Local Bus Specification, Revision 3.0 compliance for 3.3-V operation at 33 or 66 MHz for 32- or 64-bit interfaces ● PCI Express with an external TI PHY and an Altera PCI Express ×1 Megacore® function 1–2 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 Introduction ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Altera Corporation February 2008 133-MHz PCI-X 1.0 specification compatibility High-speed external memory support, including DDR, DDR2, and SDR SDRAM, and QDRII SRAM supported by drop in Altera IP MegaCore functions for ease of use Three dedicated registers per I/O element (IOE): one input register, one output register, and one output-enable register Programmable bus-hold feature Programmable output drive strength feature Programmable delays from the pin to the IOE or logic array I/O bank grouping for unique VCCIO and/or VREF bank settings MultiVolt™ I/O standard support for 1.5-, 1.8-, 2.5-, and 3.3-interfaces Hot-socketing operation support Tri-state with weak pull-up on I/O pins before and during configuration Programmable open-drain outputs Series on-chip termination support ■ Flexible clock management circuitry ● Hierarchical clock network for up to 402.5-MHz performance ● Up to four PLLs per device provide clock multiplication and division, phase shifting, programmable duty cycle, and external clock outputs, allowing system-level clock management and skew control ● Up to 16 global clock lines in the global clock network that drive throughout the entire device ■ Device configuration ● Fast serial configuration allows configuration times less than 100 ms ● Decompression feature allows for smaller programming file storage and faster configuration times ● Supports multiple configuration modes: active serial, passive serial, and JTAG-based configuration ● Supports configuration through low-cost serial configuration devices ● Device configuration supports multiple voltages (either 3.3, 2.5, or 1.8 V) ■ Intellectual property ● Altera megafunction and Altera MegaCore function support, and Altera Megafunctions Partners Program (AMPPSM) megafunction support, for a wide range of embedded processors, on-chip and off-chip interfaces, peripheral functions, DSP functions, and communications functions and 1–3 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Features ● protocols. Visit the Altera IPMegaStore at www.altera.com to download IP MegaCore functions. Nios II Embedded Processor support The Cyclone II family offers devices with the Fast-On feature, which offers a faster power-on-reset (POR) time. Devices that support the Fast-On feature are designated with an “A” in the device ordering code. For example, EP2C5A, EP2C8A, EP2C15A, and EP2C20A. The EP2C5A is only available in the automotive speed grade. The EP2C8A and EP2C20A are only available in the industrial speed grade. The EP2C15A is only available with the Fast-On feature and is available in both commercial and industrial grades. The Cyclone II “A” devices are identical in feature set and functionality to the non-A devices except for support of the faster POR time. f Cyclone II A devices are offered in automotive speed grade. For more information, refer to the Cyclone II section in the Automotive-Grade Device Handbook. f For more information on POR time specifications for Cyclone II A and non-A devices, refer to the Hot Socketing & Power-On Reset chapter in the Cyclone II Device Handbook. Table 1–1 lists the Cyclone II device family features. Table 1–2 lists the Cyclone II device package offerings and maximum user I/O pins. Table 1–1. Cyclone II FPGA Family Features (Part 1 of 2) Feature EP2C5 (2) EP2C8 (2) EP2C15 (1) EP2C20 (2) EP2C35 EP2C50 EP2C70 4,608 8,256 14,448 18,752 33,216 50,528 68,416 26 36 52 52 105 129 250 119,808 165,888 239,616 239,616 483,840 594,432 1,152,00 0 Embedded multipliers (3) 13 18 26 26 35 86 150 PLLs 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 LEs M4K RAM blocks (4 Kbits plus 512 parity bits Total RAM bits 1–4 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 Introduction Table 1–1. Cyclone II FPGA Family Features (Part 2 of 2) Feature Maximum user I/O pins EP2C5 (2) EP2C8 (2) EP2C15 (1) EP2C20 (2) EP2C35 EP2C50 EP2C70 158 182 315 315 475 450 622 Notes to Table 1–1: (1) (2) (3) The EP2C15A is only available with the Fast On feature, which offers a faster POR time. This device is available in both commercial and industrial grade. The EP2C5, EP2C8, and EP2C20 optionally support the Fast On feature, which is designated with an “A” in the device ordering code. The EP2C5A is only available in the automotive speed grade. The EP2C8A and EP2C20A devices are only available in industrial grade. This is the total number of 18 × 18 multipliers. For the total number of 9 × 9 multipliers per device, multiply the total number of 18 × 18 multipliers by 2. Altera Corporation February 2008 1–5 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Features Table 1–2. Cyclone II Package Options & Maximum User I/O Pins Device 144-Pin TQFP (3) 208-Pin 240-Pin PQFP (4) PQFP 256-Pin FineLine BGA Notes (1) (2) 484-Pin FineLine BGA 484-Pin 672-Pin 896-Pin Ultra FineLine FineLine FineLine BGA BGA BGA EP2C5 (6) (8) 89 142 — 158 (5) — — — — EP2C8 (6) 85 138 — 182 — — — — EP2C8A (6), (7) — — — 182 — — — — EP2C15A (6), (7) — — — 152 315 — — — EP2C20 (6) — — 142 152 315 — — — EP2C20A (6), (7) — — — 152 315 — — — EP2C35 (6) — — — — 322 322 475 — EP2C50 (6) — — — — 294 294 450 — EP2C70 (6) — — — — — — 422 622 Notes to Table 1–2: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) Cyclone II devices support vertical migration within the same package (for example, you can migrate between the EP2C20 device in the 484-pin FineLine BGA package and the EP2C35 and EP2C50 devices in the same package). The Quartus® II software I/O pin counts include four additional pins, TDI, TDO, TMS, and TCK, which are not available as general purpose I/O pins. TQFP: thin quad flat pack. PQFP: plastic quad flat pack. Vertical migration is supported between the EP2C5F256 and the EP2C8F256 devices. However, not all of the DQ and DQS groups are supported. Vertical migration between the EP2C5 and the EP2C15 in the F256 package is not supported. The I/O pin counts for the EP2C5, EP2C8, and EP2C15A devices include 8 dedicated clock pins that can be used for data inputs. The I/O counts for the EP2C20, EP2C35, EP2C50, and EP2C70 devices include 16 dedicated clock pins that can be used for data inputs. EP2C8A, EP2C15A, and EP2C20A have a Fast On feature that has a faster POR time. The EP2C15A is only available with the Fast On option. The EP2C5 optionally support the Fast On feature, which is designated with an “A” in the device ordering code. The EP2C5A is only available in the automotive speed grade. Refer to the Cyclone II section in the Automotive-Grade Device Handbook. Cyclone II devices support vertical migration within the same package (for example, you can migrate between the EP2C35, EPC50, and EP2C70 devices in the 672-pin FineLine BGA package). The exception to vertical migration support within the Cyclone II family is noted in Table 1–3. 1–6 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 Introduction Vertical migration means that you can migrate to devices whose dedicated pins, configuration pins, and power pins are the same for a given package across device densities. Table 1–3. Total Number of Non-Migratable I/O Pins for Cyclone II Vertical Migration Paths Vertical 144-Pin TQFP Migration Path 208-Pin PQFP 256-Pin 484-Pin 672-Pin 484-Pin Ultra FineLine BGA FineLine BGA FineLine BGA FineLine BGA (1) (2) (3) EP2C5 to EP2C8 4 4 1 (4) — — — EP2C8 to EP2C15 — — 30 — — — EP2C15 to EP2C20 — — 0 0 — — — — 16 — — EP2C20 to EP2C35 EP2C35 to EP2C50 — — — 28 28 (5) 28 EP2C50 to EP2C70 — — — — 28 28 Notes to Table 1–3: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Vertical migration between the EP2C5F256 to the EP2C15AF256 and the EP2C5F256 to the EP2C20F256 devices is not supported. When migrating from the EP2C20F484 device to the EP2C50F484 device, a total of 39 I/O pins are non-migratable. When migrating from the EP2C35F672 device to the EP2C70F672 device, a total of 56 I/O pins are non-migratable. In addition to the one non-migratable I/O pin, there are 34 DQ pins that are non-migratable. The pinouts of 484 FBGA and 484 UBGA are the same. 1 When moving from one density to a larger density, I/O pins are often lost because of the greater number of power and ground pins required to support the additional logic within the larger device. For I/O pin migration across densities, you must cross reference the available I/O pins using the device pin-outs for all planned densities of a given package type to identify which I/O pins are migratable. To ensure that your board layout supports migratable densities within one package offering, enable the applicable vertical migration path within the Quartus II software (go to Assignments menu, then Device, then click the Migration Devices button). After compilation, check the information messages for a full list of I/O, DQ, LVDS, and other pins that are not available because of the selected migration path. Table 1–3 lists the Cyclone II device package offerings and shows the total number of non-migratable I/O pins when migrating from one density device to a larger density device. Altera Corporation February 2008 1–7 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Features Cyclone II devices are available in up to three speed grades: –6, –7, and –8, with –6 being the fastest. Table 1–4 shows the Cyclone II device speed-grade offerings. Table 1–4. Cyclone II Device Speed Grades 144-Pin TQFP 208-Pin PQFP 240-Pin PQFP 256-Pin FineLine BGA 484-Pin FineLine BGA 484-Pin Ultra FineLine BGA 672-Pin FineLine BGA 896-Pin FineLine BGA EP2C5 (1) –6, –7, –8 –7, –8 — –6, –7, –8 — — — — EP2C8 –6, –7, –8 –7, –8 — –6, –7, –8 — — — — — — — –8 — — — — Device EP2C8A (2) EP2C15A — — — –6, –7, –8 –6, –7, –8 — — — EP2C20 — — –8 –6, –7, –8 –6, –7, –8 — — — EP2C20A (2) — — — –8 — — — EP2C35 — — — — –6, –7, –8 –6, –7, –8 –6, –7, –8 — EP2C50 — — — — –6, –7, –8 –6, –7, –8 –6, –7, –8 — EP2C70 — — — — –8 — — –6, –7, –8 –6, –7, –8 Notes to Table 1–4: (1) (2) The EP2C5 optionally support the Fast On feature, which is designated with an “A” in the device ordering code. The EP2C5A is only available in the automotive speed grade. Refer to the Cyclone II section in the Automotive-Grade Device Handbook for detailed information. EP2C8A and EP2C20A are only available in industrial grade. 1–8 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 Introduction Referenced Documents This chapter references the following documents: Document Revision History Table 1–5 shows the revision history for this document. ■ ■ Hot Socketing & Power-On Reset chapter in Cyclone II Device Handbook Automotive-Grade Device Handbook Table 1–5. Document Revision History Date & Document Version February 2008 v3.2 ● February 2007 v3.1 ● November 2005 v2.1 ● July 2005 v2.0 ● ● ● ● ● ● Changes Made Summary of Changes Added “Referenced Documents”. Updated “Features” section and Table 1–1, Table 1–2, and Table 1–4 with information about EP2C5A. — Added document revision history. Added new Note (2) to Table 1–2. Note to explain difference between I/O pin count information provided in Table 1–2 and in the Quartus II software documentation. Updated Introduction and Features. Updated Table 1–3. — Updated technical content throughout. Updated Table 1–2. Added Tables 1–3 and 1–4. — Updated Table 1–2. Updated bullet list in the “Features” section. — November 2004 v1.1 ● June 2004 v1.0 Added document to the Cyclone II Device Handbook. ● Altera Corporation February 2008 — 1–9 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Document Revision History 1–10 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 2. Cyclone II Architecture CII51002-3.1 Functional Description Cyclone® II devices contain a two-dimensional row- and column-based architecture to implement custom logic. Column and row interconnects of varying speeds provide signal interconnects between logic array blocks (LABs), embedded memory blocks, and embedded multipliers. The logic array consists of LABs, with 16 logic elements (LEs) in each LAB. An LE is a small unit of logic providing efficient implementation of user logic functions. LABs are grouped into rows and columns across the device. Cyclone II devices range in density from 4,608 to 68,416 LEs. Cyclone II devices provide a global clock network and up to four phase-locked loops (PLLs). The global clock network consists of up to 16 global clock lines that drive throughout the entire device. The global clock network can provide clocks for all resources within the device, such as input/output elements (IOEs), LEs, embedded multipliers, and embedded memory blocks. The global clock lines can also be used for other high fan-out signals. Cyclone II PLLs provide general-purpose clocking with clock synthesis and phase shifting as well as external outputs for high-speed differential I/O support. M4K memory blocks are true dual-port memory blocks with 4K bits of memory plus parity (4,608 bits). These blocks provide dedicated true dual-port, simple dual-port, or single-port memory up to 36-bits wide at up to 260 MHz. These blocks are arranged in columns across the device in between certain LABs. Cyclone II devices offer between 119 to 1,152 Kbits of embedded memory. Each embedded multiplier block can implement up to either two 9 × 9-bit multipliers, or one 18 × 18-bit multiplier with up to 250-MHz performance. Embedded multipliers are arranged in columns across the device. Each Cyclone II device I/O pin is fed by an IOE located at the ends of LAB rows and columns around the periphery of the device. I/O pins support various single-ended and differential I/O standards, such as the 66- and 33-MHz, 64- and 32-bit PCI standard, PCI-X, and the LVDS I/O standard at a maximum data rate of 805 megabits per second (Mbps) for inputs and 640 Mbps for outputs. Each IOE contains a bidirectional I/O buffer and three registers for registering input, output, and output-enable signals. Dual-purpose DQS, DQ, and DM pins along with delay chains (used to Altera Corporation February 2007 2–1 Logic Elements phase-align double data rate (DDR) signals) provide interface support for external memory devices such as DDR, DDR2, and single data rate (SDR) SDRAM, and QDRII SRAM devices at up to 167 MHz. Figure 2–1 shows a diagram of the Cyclone II EP2C20 device. Figure 2–1. Cyclone II EP2C20 Device Block Diagram PLL IOEs PLL Embedded Multipliers IOEs Logic Array Logic Array Logic Array Logic Array IOEs M4K Blocks M4K Blocks PLL IOEs PLL The number of M4K memory blocks, embedded multiplier blocks, PLLs, rows, and columns vary per device. Logic Elements The smallest unit of logic in the Cyclone II architecture, the LE, is compact and provides advanced features with efficient logic utilization. Each LE features: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ A four-input look-up table (LUT), which is a function generator that can implement any function of four variables A programmable register A carry chain connection A register chain connection The ability to drive all types of interconnects: local, row, column, register chain, and direct link interconnects Support for register packing Support for register feedback 2–2 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Figure 2–2 shows a Cyclone II LE. Figure 2–2. Cyclone II LE Register Chain Routing From Previous LE LAB-Wide Register Bypass Synchronous Load LAB-Wide Packed Synchronous Register Select Clear LAB Carry-In data1 data2 data3 Look-Up Table (LUT) Carry Chain Synchronous Load and Clear Logic D Q Programmable Register Row, Column, And Direct Link Routing data4 ENA CLRN labclr1 labclr2 Chip-Wide Reset (DEV_CLRn) Asynchronous Clear Logic Row, Column, And Direct Link Routing Local Routing Clock & Clock Enable Select Register Feedback Register Chain Output labclk1 labclk2 labclkena1 labclkena2 LAB Carry-Out Each LE’s programmable register can be configured for D, T, JK, or SR operation. Each register has data, clock, clock enable, and clear inputs. Signals that use the global clock network, general-purpose I/O pins, or any internal logic can drive the register’s clock and clear control signals. Either general-purpose I/O pins or internal logic can drive the clock enable. For combinational functions, the LUT output bypasses the register and drives directly to the LE outputs. Each LE has three outputs that drive the local, row, and column routing resources. The LUT or register output can drive these three outputs independently. Two LE outputs drive column or row and direct link routing connections and one drives local interconnect resources, allowing the LUT to drive one output while the register drives another output. This feature, register packing, improves device utilization because the device can use the register and the LUT for unrelated functions. When using register packing, the LAB-wide synchronous load control signal is not available. See “LAB Control Signals” on page 2–8 for more information. Altera Corporation February 2007 2–3 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Logic Elements Another special packing mode allows the register output to feed back into the LUT of the same LE so that the register is packed with its own fan-out LUT, providing another mechanism for improved fitting. The LE can also drive out registered and unregistered versions of the LUT output. In addition to the three general routing outputs, the LEs within an LAB have register chain outputs. Register chain outputs allow registers within the same LAB to cascade together. The register chain output allows an LAB to use LUTs for a single combinational function and the registers to be used for an unrelated shift register implementation. These resources speed up connections between LABs while saving local interconnect resources. See “MultiTrack Interconnect” on page 2–10 for more information on register chain connections. LE Operating Modes The Cyclone II LE operates in one of the following modes: ■ ■ Normal mode Arithmetic mode Each mode uses LE resources differently. In each mode, six available inputs to the LE—the four data inputs from the LAB local interconnect, the LAB carry-in from the previous carry-chain LAB, and the register chain connection—are directed to different destinations to implement the desired logic function. LAB-wide signals provide clock, asynchronous clear, synchronous clear, synchronous load, and clock enable control for the register. These LAB-wide signals are available in all LE modes. The Quartus® II software, in conjunction with parameterized functions such as library of parameterized modules (LPM) functions, automatically chooses the appropriate mode for common functions such as counters, adders, subtractors, and arithmetic functions. If required, you can also create special-purpose functions that specify which LE operating mode to use for optimal performance. Normal Mode The normal mode is suitable for general logic applications and combinational functions. In normal mode, four data inputs from the LAB local interconnect are inputs to a four-input LUT (see Figure 2–3). The Quartus II Compiler automatically selects the carry-in or the data3 signal as one of the inputs to the LUT. LEs in normal mode support packed registers and register feedback. 2–4 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Figure 2–3. LE in Normal Mode sload sclear (LAB Wide) (LAB Wide) Packed Register Input Register chain connection D Row, Column, and Direct Link Routing ENA CLRN Row, Column, and Direct Link Routing Q data1 data2 data3 cin (from cout of previous LE) Four-Input LUT clock (LAB Wide) ena (LAB Wide) data4 Local routing aclr (LAB Wide) Register Feedback Register chain output Arithmetic Mode The arithmetic mode is ideal for implementing adders, counters, accumulators, and comparators. An LE in arithmetic mode implements a 2-bit full adder and basic carry chain (see Figure 2–4). LEs in arithmetic mode can drive out registered and unregistered versions of the LUT output. Register feedback and register packing are supported when LEs are used in arithmetic mode. Altera Corporation February 2007 2–5 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Logic Elements Figure 2–4. LE in Arithmetic Mode sload sclear (LAB Wide) (LAB Wide) Register chain connection data1 data2 cin (from cout of previous LE) Three-Input LUT Three-Input LUT D Row, column, and direct link routing ENA CLRN Row, column, and direct link routing Q clock (LAB Wide) ena (LAB Wide) Local routing aclr (LAB Wide) cout Register chain output Register Feedback The Quartus II Compiler automatically creates carry chain logic during design processing, or you can create it manually during design entry. Parameterized functions such as LPM functions automatically take advantage of carry chains for the appropriate functions. The Quartus II Compiler creates carry chains longer than 16 LEs by automatically linking LABs in the same column. For enhanced fitting, a long carry chain runs vertically, which allows fast horizontal connections to M4K memory blocks or embedded multipliers through direct link interconnects. For example, if a design has a long carry chain in a LAB column next to a column of M4K memory blocks, any LE output can feed an adjacent M4K memory block through the direct link interconnect. Whereas if the carry chains ran horizontally, any LAB not next to the column of M4K memory blocks would use other row or column interconnects to drive a M4K memory block. A carry chain continues as far as a full column. 2–6 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Logic Array Blocks Each LAB consists of the following: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 16 LEs LAB control signals LE carry chains Register chains Local interconnect The local interconnect transfers signals between LEs in the same LAB. Register chain connections transfer the output of one LE’s register to the adjacent LE’s register within an LAB. The Quartus II Compiler places associated logic within an LAB or adjacent LABs, allowing the use of local, and register chain connections for performance and area efficiency. Figure 2–5 shows the Cyclone II LAB. Figure 2–5. Cyclone II LAB Structure Row Interconnect Column Interconnect Direct link interconnect from adjacent block Direct link interconnect from adjacent block Direct link interconnect to adjacent block Direct link interconnect to adjacent block LAB Altera Corporation February 2007 Local Interconnect 2–7 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Logic Array Blocks LAB Interconnects The LAB local interconnect can drive LEs within the same LAB. The LAB local interconnect is driven by column and row interconnects and LE outputs within the same LAB. Neighboring LABs, PLLs, M4K RAM blocks, and embedded multipliers from the left and right can also drive an LAB’s local interconnect through the direct link connection. The direct link connection feature minimizes the use of row and column interconnects, providing higher performance and flexibility. Each LE can drive 48 LEs through fast local and direct link interconnects. Figure 2–6 shows the direct link connection. Figure 2–6. Direct Link Connection Direct link interconnect from right LAB, M4K memory block, embedded multiplier, PLL, or IOE output Direct link interconnect from left LAB, M4K memory block, embedded multiplier, PLL, or IOE output Direct link interconnect to right Direct link interconnect to left Local Interconnect LAB LAB Control Signals Each LAB contains dedicated logic for driving control signals to its LEs. The control signals include: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Two clocks Two clock enables Two asynchronous clears One synchronous clear One synchronous load 2–8 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture This gives a maximum of seven control signals at a time. When using the LAB-wide synchronous load, the clkena of labclk1 is not available. Additionally, register packing and synchronous load cannot be used simultaneously. Each LAB can have up to four non-global control signals. Additional LAB control signals can be used as long as they are global signals. Synchronous clear and load signals are useful for implementing counters and other functions. The synchronous clear and synchronous load signals are LAB-wide signals that affect all registers in the LAB. Each LAB can use two clocks and two clock enable signals. Each LAB’s clock and clock enable signals are linked. For example, any LE in a particular LAB using the labclk1 signal also uses labclkena1. If the LAB uses both the rising and falling edges of a clock, it also uses both LAB-wide clock signals. De-asserting the clock enable signal turns off the LAB-wide clock. The LAB row clocks [5..0] and LAB local interconnect generate the LABwide control signals. The MultiTrack™ interconnect’s inherent low skew allows clock and control signal distribution in addition to data. Figure 2–7 shows the LAB control signal generation circuit. Figure 2–7. LAB-Wide Control Signals Dedicated LAB Row Clocks 6 Local Interconnect Local Interconnect Local Interconnect Local Interconnect labclkena2 labclkena1 labclk1 labclk2 synclr labclr1 syncload labclr2 LAB-wide signals control the logic for the register’s clear signal. The LE directly supports an asynchronous clear function. Each LAB supports up to two asynchronous clear signals (labclr1 and labclr2). Altera Corporation February 2007 2–9 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 MultiTrack Interconnect A LAB-wide asynchronous load signal to control the logic for the register’s preset signal is not available. The register preset is achieved by using a NOT gate push-back technique. Cyclone II devices can only support either a preset or asynchronous clear signal. In addition to the clear port, Cyclone II devices provide a chip-wide reset pin (DEV_CLRn) that resets all registers in the device. An option set before compilation in the Quartus II software controls this pin. This chip-wide reset overrides all other control signals. MultiTrack Interconnect In the Cyclone II architecture, connections between LEs, M4K memory blocks, embedded multipliers, and device I/O pins are provided by the MultiTrack interconnect structure with DirectDrive™ technology. The MultiTrack interconnect consists of continuous, performance-optimized routing lines of different speeds used for inter- and intra-design block connectivity. The Quartus II Compiler automatically places critical paths on faster interconnects to improve design performance. DirectDrive technology is a deterministic routing technology that ensures identical routing resource usage for any function regardless of placement within the device. The MultiTrack interconnect and DirectDrive technology simplify the integration stage of block-based designing by eliminating the re-optimization cycles that typically follow design changes and additions. The MultiTrack interconnect consists of row (direct link, R4, and R24) and column (register chain, C4, and C16) interconnects that span fixed distances. A routing structure with fixed-length resources for all devices allows predictable and repeatable performance when migrating through different device densities. Row Interconnects Dedicated row interconnects route signals to and from LABs, PLLs, M4K memory blocks, and embedded multipliers within the same row. These row resources include: ■ ■ ■ Direct link interconnects between LABs and adjacent blocks R4 interconnects traversing four blocks to the right or left R24 interconnects for high-speed access across the length of the device 2–10 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture The direct link interconnect allows an LAB, M4K memory block, or embedded multiplier block to drive into the local interconnect of its left and right neighbors. Only one side of a PLL block interfaces with direct link and row interconnects. The direct link interconnect provides fast communication between adjacent LABs and/or blocks without using row interconnect resources. The R4 interconnects span four LABs, three LABs and one M4K memory block, or three LABs and one embedded multiplier to the right or left of a source LAB. These resources are used for fast row connections in a fourLAB region. Every LAB has its own set of R4 interconnects to drive either left or right. Figure 2–8 shows R4 interconnect connections from an LAB. R4 interconnects can drive and be driven by LABs, M4K memory blocks, embedded multipliers, PLLs, and row IOEs. For LAB interfacing, a primary LAB or LAB neighbor (see Figure 2–8) can drive a given R4 interconnect. For R4 interconnects that drive to the right, the primary LAB and right neighbor can drive on to the interconnect. For R4 interconnects that drive to the left, the primary LAB and its left neighbor can drive on to the interconnect. R4 interconnects can drive other R4 interconnects to extend the range of LABs they can drive. Additionally, R4 interconnects can drive R24 interconnects, C4, and C16 interconnects for connections from one row to another. Figure 2–8. R4 Interconnect Connections Adjacent LAB can Drive onto Another LAB's R4 Interconnect C4 Column Interconnects (1) R4 Interconnect Driving Right R4 Interconnect Driving Left LAB Neighbor Primary LAB (2) LAB Neighbor Notes to Figure 2–8: (1) (2) C4 interconnects can drive R4 interconnects. This pattern is repeated for every LAB in the LAB row. Altera Corporation February 2007 2–11 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 MultiTrack Interconnect R24 row interconnects span 24 LABs and provide the fastest resource for long row connections between non-adjacent LABs, M4K memory blocks, dedicated multipliers, and row IOEs. R24 row interconnects drive to other row or column interconnects at every fourth LAB. R24 row interconnects drive LAB local interconnects via R4 and C4 interconnects and do not drive directly to LAB local interconnects. R24 interconnects can drive R24, R4, C16, and C4 interconnects. Column Interconnects The column interconnect operates similar to the row interconnect. Each column of LABs is served by a dedicated column interconnect, which vertically routes signals to and from LABs, M4K memory blocks, embedded multipliers, and row and column IOEs. These column resources include: ■ ■ ■ Register chain interconnects within an LAB C4 interconnects traversing a distance of four blocks in an up and down direction C16 interconnects for high-speed vertical routing through the device Cyclone II devices include an enhanced interconnect structure within LABs for routing LE output to LE input connections faster using register chain connections. The register chain connection allows the register output of one LE to connect directly to the register input of the next LE in the LAB for fast shift registers. The Quartus II Compiler automatically takes advantage of these resources to improve utilization and performance. Figure 2–9 shows the register chain interconnects. 2–12 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Figure 2–9. Register Chain Interconnects Local Interconnect Routing Among LEs in the LAB Carry Chain Routing to Adjacent LE LE 1 Local Interconnect LE 3 LE 2 Register Chain Routing to Adjacent LE's Register Input LE 4 LE 5 LE 6 LE 7 LE 8 LE 9 LE 10 LE 11 LE 12 LE13 LE 14 LE 15 LE 16 The C4 interconnects span four LABs, M4K blocks, or embedded multipliers up or down from a source LAB. Every LAB has its own set of C4 interconnects to drive either up or down. Figure 2–10 shows the C4 interconnect connections from an LAB in a column. The C4 interconnects can drive and be driven by all types of architecture blocks, including PLLs, M4K memory blocks, embedded multiplier blocks, and column and row IOEs. For LAB interconnection, a primary LAB or its LAB neighbor (see Figure 2–10) can drive a given C4 interconnect. C4 interconnects can drive each other to extend their range as well as drive row interconnects for column-to-column connections. Altera Corporation February 2007 2–13 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 MultiTrack Interconnect Figure 2–10. C4 Interconnect Connections Note (1) C4 Interconnect Drives Local and R4 Interconnects Up to Four Rows C4 Interconnect Driving Up LAB Row Interconnect Adjacent LAB can drive onto neighboring LAB's C4 interconnect Local Interconnect Primary LAB LAB Neighbor C4 Interconnect Driving Down Note to Figure 2–10: (1) Each C4 interconnect can drive either up or down four rows. 2–14 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture C16 column interconnects span a length of 16 LABs and provide the fastest resource for long column connections between LABs, M4K memory blocks, embedded multipliers, and IOEs. C16 column interconnects drive to other row and column interconnects at every fourth LAB. C16 column interconnects drive LAB local interconnects via C4 and R4 interconnects and do not drive LAB local interconnects directly. C16 interconnects can drive R24, R4, C16, and C4 interconnects. Device Routing All embedded blocks communicate with the logic array similar to LAB-to-LAB interfaces. Each block (for example, M4K memory, embedded multiplier, or PLL) connects to row and column interconnects and has local interconnect regions driven by row and column interconnects. These blocks also have direct link interconnects for fast connections to and from a neighboring LAB. Table 2–1 shows the Cyclone II device’s routing scheme. Table 2–1. Cyclone II Device Routing Scheme (Part 1 of 2) Direct Link Interconnect v R4 Interconnect v R24 Interconnect C4 Interconnect C16 Interconnect Altera Corporation February 2007 v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v Row IOE v Column IOE Local Interconnect PLL v Embedded Multiplier Register Chain M4K RAM Block LE C16 Interconnect C4 Interconnect R24 Interconnect R4 Interconnect Direct Link Interconnect Local Interconnect Source Register Chain Destination v v v v v 2–15 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Global Clock Network & Phase-Locked Loops Table 2–1. Cyclone II Device Routing Scheme (Part 2 of 2) v v v v v v v v PLL v Column IOE Row IOE Global Clock Network & Phase-Locked Loops v Row IOE v Column IOE Embedded Multipliers PLL v Embedded Multiplier v v M4K RAM Block v v LE R4 Interconnect v v C16 Interconnect Direct Link Interconnect v LE C4 Interconnect Local Interconnect v M4K memory Block Source R24 Interconnect Register Chain Destination v v Cyclone II devices provide global clock networks and up to four PLLs for a complete clock management solution. Cyclone II clock network features include: ■ ■ ■ ■ Up to 16 global clock networks Up to four PLLs Global clock network dynamic clock source selection Global clock network dynamic enable and disable 2–16 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Each global clock network has a clock control block to select from a number of input clock sources (PLL clock outputs, CLK[] pins, DPCLK[] pins, and internal logic) to drive onto the global clock network. Table 2–2 lists how many PLLs, CLK[] pins, DPCLK[] pins, and global clock networks are available in each Cyclone II device. CLK[] pins are dedicated clock pins and DPCLK[] pins are dual-purpose clock pins. Table 2–2. Cyclone II Device Clock Resources Number of PLLs Number of CLK Pins Number of DPCLK Pins Number of Global Clock Networks EP2C5 2 8 8 8 EP2C8 2 8 8 8 EP2C15 4 16 20 16 EP2C20 4 16 20 16 EP2C35 4 16 20 16 EP2C50 4 16 20 16 EP2C70 4 16 20 16 Device Figures 2–11 and 2–12 show the location of the Cyclone II PLLs, CLK[] inputs, DPCLK[] pins, and clock control blocks. Altera Corporation February 2007 2–17 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Global Clock Network & Phase-Locked Loops Figure 2–11. EP2C5 & EP2C8 PLL, CLK[], DPCLK[] & Clock Control Block Locations DPCLK10 DPCLK8 PLL 2 Clock Control Block (1) 4 GCLK[7..0] DPCLK0 DPCLK7 8 8 8 CLK[3..0] 4 4 CLK[7..4] 8 DPCLK1 DPCLK6 GCLK[7..0] 4 Clock Control Block (1) PLL 1 DPCLK2 DPCLK4 Note to Figure 2–11: (1) There are four clock control blocks on each side. 2–18 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Figure 2–12. EP2C15 & Larger PLL, CLK[], DPCLK[] & Clock Control Block Locations DPCLK[11..10] CDPCLK7 DPCLK[9..8] CLK[11..8] CDPCLK6 2 2 4 4 PLL 3 PLL 2 3 CDPCLK5 CDPCLK0 (2) (2) 4 Clock Control Block (1) GCLK[15..0] 3 DPCLK0 DPCLK7 16 16 16 CLK[3..0] 4 4 CLK[7..4] 16 DPCLK1 DPCLK6 4 Clock Control Block (1) 3 GCLK[15..0] (2) (2) CDPCLK4 CDPCLK1 3 PLL 1 PLL 4 4 4 2 CDPCLK2 2 CLK[15..12] DPCLK[3..2] CDPCLK3 DPCLK[5..4] Notes to Figure 2–12: (1) (2) There are four clock control blocks on each side. Only one of the corner CDPCLK pins in each corner can feed the clock control block at a time. The other CDPCLK pins can be used as general-purpose I/O pins. Altera Corporation February 2007 2–19 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Global Clock Network & Phase-Locked Loops Dedicated Clock Pins Larger Cyclone II devices (EP2C15 and larger devices) have 16 dedicated clock pins (CLK[15..0], four pins on each side of the device). Smaller Cyclone II devices (EP2C5 and EP2C8 devices) have eight dedicated clock pins (CLK[7..0], four pins on left and right sides of the device). These CLK pins drive the global clock network (GCLK), as shown in Figures 2–11 and 2–12. If the dedicated clock pins are not used to feed the global clock networks, they can be used as general-purpose input pins to feed the logic array using the MultiTrack interconnect. However, if they are used as generalpurpose input pins, they do not have support for an I/O register and must use LE-based registers in place of an I/O register. Dual-Purpose Clock Pins Cyclone II devices have either 20 dual-purpose clock pins, DPCLK[19..0] or 8 dual-purpose clock pins, DPCLK[7..0]. In the larger Cyclone II devices (EP2C15 devices and higher), there are 20 DPCLK pins; four on the left and right sides and six on the top and bottom of the device. The corner CDPCLK pins are first multiplexed before they drive into the clock control block. Since the signals pass through a multiplexer before feeding the clock control block, these signals incur more delay to the clock control block than other DPCLK pins that directly feed the clock control block. In the smaller Cyclone II devices (EP2C5 and EP2C8 devices), there are eight DPCLK pins; two on each side of the device (see Figures 2–11 and 2–12). A programmable delay chain is available from the DPCLK pin to its fanout destinations. To set the propagation delay from the DPCLK pin to its fan-out destinations, use the Input Delay from Dual-Purpose Clock Pin to Fan-Out Destinations assignment in the Quartus II software. These dual-purpose pins can connect to the global clock network for high-fanout control signals such as clocks, asynchronous clears, presets, and clock enables, or protocol control signals such as TRDY and IRDY for PCI, or DQS signals for external memory interfaces. 2–20 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Global Clock Network The 16 or 8 global clock networks drive throughout the entire device. Dedicated clock pins (CLK[]), PLL outputs, the logic array, and dual-purpose clock (DPCLK[]) pins can also drive the global clock network. The global clock network can provide clocks for all resources within the device, such as IOEs, LEs, memory blocks, and embedded multipliers. The global clock lines can also be used for control signals, such as clock enables and synchronous or asynchronous clears fed from the external pin, or DQS signals for DDR SDRAM or QDRII SRAM interfaces. Internal logic can also drive the global clock network for internally generated global clocks and asynchronous clears, clock enables, or other control signals with large fan-out. Clock Control Block There is a clock control block for each global clock network available in Cyclone II devices. The clock control blocks are arranged on the device periphery and there are a maximum of 16 clock control blocks available per Cyclone II device. The larger Cyclone II devices (EP2C15 devices and larger) have 16 clock control blocks, four on each side of the device. The smaller Cyclone II devices (EP2C5 and EP2C8 devices) have eight clock control blocks, four on the left and right sides of the device. The control block has these functions: ■ ■ Dynamic global clock network clock source selection Dynamic enable/disable of the global clock network In Cyclone II devices, the dedicated CLK[] pins, PLL counter outputs, DPCLK[] pins, and internal logic can all feed the clock control block. The output from the clock control block in turn feeds the corresponding global clock network. The following sources can be inputs to a given clock control block: ■ ■ ■ ■ Altera Corporation February 2007 Four clock pins on the same side as the clock control block Three PLL clock outputs from a PLL Four DPCLK pins (including CDPCLK pins) on the same side as the clock control block Four internally-generated signals 2–21 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Global Clock Network & Phase-Locked Loops Of the sources listed, only two clock pins, two PLL clock outputs, one DPCLK pin, and one internally-generated signal are chosen to drive into a clock control block. Figure 2–13 shows a more detailed diagram of the clock control block. Out of these six inputs, the two clock input pins and two PLL outputs can be dynamic selected to feed a global clock network. The clock control block supports static selection of DPCLK and the signal from internal logic. Figure 2–13. Clock Control Block Clock Control Block Internal Logic Static Clock Select (3) DPCLK or CDPCLK (3) CLK[n + 3] CLK[n + 2] CLK[n + 1] CLK[n] inclk1 inclk0 fIN CLKSWITCH (1) PLL Enable/ Disable Global Clock Static Clock Select (3) C0 C1 C2 CLKSELECT[1..0] (2) CLKENA (4) Notes to Figure 2–13: (1) (2) (3) (4) The CLKSWITCH signal can either be set through the configuration file or it can be dynamically set when using the manual PLL switchover feature. The output of the multiplexer is the input reference clock (fIN) for the PLL. The CLKSELECT[1..0] signals are fed by internal logic and can be used to dynamically select the clock source for the global clock network when the device is in user mode. The static clock select signals are set in the configuration file and cannot be dynamically controlled when the device is in user mode. Internal logic can be used to enabled or disabled the global clock network in user mode. 2–22 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Global Clock Network Distribution Cyclone II devices contains 16 global clock networks. The device uses multiplexers with these clocks to form six-bit buses to drive column IOE clocks, LAB row clocks, or row IOE clocks (see Figure 2–14). Another multiplexer at the LAB level selects two of the six LAB row clocks to feed the LE registers within the LAB. Figure 2–14. Global Clock Network Multiplexers Column I/O Region IO_CLK [5..0] Global Clock Network Clock [15 or 7..0] LAB Row Clock LABCLK[5..0] Row I/O Region IO_CLK [5..0] LAB row clocks can feed LEs, M4K memory blocks, and embedded multipliers. The LAB row clocks also extend to the row I/O clock regions. IOE clocks are associated with row or column block regions. Only six global clock resources feed to these row and column regions. Figure 2–15 shows the I/O clock regions. Altera Corporation February 2007 2–23 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Global Clock Network & Phase-Locked Loops Figure 2–15. LAB & I/O Clock Regions Column I/O Clock Region IO_CLK[5..0] 6 I/O Clock Regions Cyclone Logic Array LAB Row Clocks labclk[5..0] LAB Row Clocks labclk[5..0] 6 6 6 LAB Row Clocks labclk[5..0] 6 6 6 LAB Row Clocks labclk[5..0] 6 Global Clock Network 6 Row I/O Clock Region IO_CLK[5..0] 8 or 16 LAB Row Clocks labclk[5..0] LAB Row Clocks labclk[5..0] 6 6 6 6 I/O Clock Regions 6 Column I/O Clock Region IO_CLK[5..0] f For more information on the global clock network and the clock control block, see the PLLs in Cyclone II Devices chapter in Volume 1 of the Cyclone II Device Handbook. 2–24 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture PLLs Cyclone II PLLs provide general-purpose clocking as well as support for the following features: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Clock multiplication and division Phase shifting Programmable duty cycle Up to three internal clock outputs One dedicated external clock output Clock outputs for differential I/O support Manual clock switchover Gated lock signal Three different clock feedback modes Control signals Cyclone II devices contain either two or four PLLs. Table 2–3 shows the PLLs available for each Cyclone II device. Table 2–3. Cyclone II Device PLL Availability Device Altera Corporation February 2007 PLL1 PLL2 PLL3 PLL4 EP2C5 v v EP2C8 v v EP2C15 v EP2C20 v v v v v v v EP2C35 EP2C50 v v v v v v v v EP2C70 v v v v 2–25 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Global Clock Network & Phase-Locked Loops Table 2–4 describes the PLL features in Cyclone II devices. Table 2–4. Cyclone II PLL Features Feature Description Clock multiplication and division m / (n × post-scale counter) m and post-scale counter values (C0 to C2) range from 1 to 32. n ranges from 1 to 4. Phase shift Cyclone II PLLs have an advanced clock shift capability that enables programmable phase shifts in increments of at least 45°. The finest resolution of phase shifting is determined by the voltage control oscillator (VCO) period divided by 8 (for example, 1/1000 MHz/8 = down to 125-ps increments). Programmable duty cycle The programmable duty cycle allows PLLs to generate clock outputs with a variable duty cycle. This feature is supported on each PLL post-scale counter (C0-C2). Number of internal clock outputs The Cyclone II PLL has three outputs which can drive the global clock network. One of these outputs (C2) can also drive a dedicated PLL<#>_OUT pin (single ended or differential). Number of external clock outputs The C2 output drives a dedicated PLL<#>_OUT pin. If the C2 output is not used to drive an external clock output, it can be used to drive the internal global clock network. The C2 output can concurrently drive the external clock output and internal global clock network. Manual clock switchover The Cyclone II PLLs support manual switchover of the reference clock through internal logic. This enables you to switch between two reference input clocks during user mode for applications that may require clock redundancy or support for clocks with two different frequencies. Gated lock signal The lock output indicates that there is a stable clock output signal in phase with the reference clock. Cyclone II PLLs include a programmable counter that holds the lock signal low for a user-selected number of input clock transitions, allowing the PLL to lock before enabling the locked signal. Either a gated locked signal or an ungated locked signal from the locked port can drive internal logic or an output pin. Clock feedback modes In zero delay buffer mode, the external clock output pin is phase-aligned with the clock input pin for zero delay. In normal mode, the PLL compensates for the internal global clock network delay from the input clock pin to the clock port of the IOE output registers or registers in the logic array. In no compensation mode, the PLL does not compensate for any clock networks. Control signals The pllenable signal enables and disables the PLLs. The areset signal resets/resynchronizes the inputs for each PLL. The pfdena signal controls the phase frequency detector (PFD) output with a programmable gate. 2–26 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Figure 2–16 shows a block diagram of the Cyclone II PLL. Figure 2–16. Cyclone II PLL Note (1) VCO Phase Selection Selectable at Each PLL Output Port Post-Scale Counters Manual Clock Switchover Select Signal 8 Reference Input Clock fREF = fIN /n ÷c0 Global Clock ÷c1 Global Clock ÷c2 (2) Global Clock fVCO CLK0 (1) up CLK1 inclk0 CLK2 (1) inclk1 fIN ÷n Charge Pump PFD Loop Filter down 8 VCO ÷k (3) CLK3 8 fFB ÷m Lock Detect & Filter PLL<#>_OUT To I/O or general routing Notes to Figure 2–16: (1) (2) This input can be single-ended or differential. If you are using a differential I/O standard, then two CLK pins are used. LVDS input is supported via the secondary function of the dedicated CLK pins. For example, the CLK0 pin’s secondary function is LVDSCLK1p and the CLK1 pin’s secondary function is LVDSCLK1n. If a differential I/O standard is assigned to the PLL clock input pin, the corresponding CLK(n) pin is also completely used. The Figure 2–16 shows the possible clock input connections (CLK0/CLK1) to PLL1. This counter output is shared between a dedicated external clock output I/O and the global clock network. f Embedded Memory Altera Corporation February 2007 For more information on Cyclone II PLLs, see the PLLs in the Cyclone II Devices chapter in Volume 1 of the Cyclone II Device Handbook. The Cyclone II embedded memory consists of columns of M4K memory blocks. The M4K memory blocks include input registers that synchronize writes and output registers to pipeline designs and improve system performance. The output registers can be bypassed, but input registers cannot. 2–27 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Embedded Memory Each M4K block can implement various types of memory with or without parity, including true dual-port, simple dual-port, and single-port RAM, ROM, and first-in first-out (FIFO) buffers. The M4K blocks support the following features: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 4,608 RAM bits 250-MHz performance True dual-port memory Simple dual-port memory Single-port memory Byte enable Parity bits Shift register FIFO buffer ROM Various clock modes Address clock enable 1 Violating the setup or hold time on the memory block address registers could corrupt memory contents. This applies to both read and write operations. Table 2–5 shows the capacity and distribution of the M4K memory blocks in each Cyclone II device. Table 2–5. M4K Memory Capacity & Distribution in Cyclone II Devices Device M4K Columns M4K Blocks Total RAM Bits EP2C5 2 26 119,808 EP2C8 2 36 165,888 EP2C15 2 52 239,616 EP2C20 2 52 239,616 EP2C35 3 105 483,840 EP2C50 3 129 594,432 EP2C70 5 250 1,152,000 2–28 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Table 2–6 summarizes the features supported by the M4K memory. Table 2–6. M4K Memory Features Feature Description Maximum performance (1) 250 MHz Total RAM bits per M4K block (including parity bits) 4,608 Configurations supported 4K × 1 2K × 2 1K × 4 512 × 8 512 × 9 256 × 16 256 × 18 128 × 32 (not available in true dual-port mode) 128 × 36 (not available in true dual-port mode) Parity bits One parity bit for each byte. The parity bit, along with internal user logic, can implement parity checking for error detection to ensure data integrity. Byte enable M4K blocks support byte writes when the write port has a data width of 1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 16, 18, 32, or 36 bits. The byte enables allow the input data to be masked so the device can write to specific bytes. The unwritten bytes retain the previous written value. Packed mode Two single-port memory blocks can be packed into a single M4K block if each of the two independent block sizes are equal to or less than half of the M4K block size, and each of the single-port memory blocks is configured in single-clock mode. Address clock enable M4K blocks support address clock enable, which is used to hold the previous address value for as long as the signal is enabled. This feature is useful in handling misses in cache applications. Memory initialization file (.mif) When configured as RAM or ROM, you can use an initialization file to pre-load the memory contents. Power-up condition Outputs cleared Register clears Output registers only Same-port read-during-write New data available at positive clock edge Mixed-port read-during-write Old data available at positive clock edge Note to Table 2–6: (1) Maximum performance information is preliminary until device characterization. Altera Corporation February 2007 2–29 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Embedded Memory Memory Modes Table 2–7 summarizes the different memory modes supported by the M4K memory blocks. Table 2–7. M4K Memory Modes Memory Mode Description Single-port memory M4K blocks support single-port mode, used when simultaneous reads and writes are not required. Single-port memory supports non-simultaneous reads and writes. Simple dual-port memory Simple dual-port memory supports a simultaneous read and write. Simple dual-port with mixed width Simple dual-port memory mode with different read and write port widths. True dual-port memory True dual-port mode supports any combination of two-port operations: two reads, two writes, or one read and one write at two different clock frequencies. True dual-port with mixed width True dual-port mode with different read and write port widths. Embedded shift register M4K memory blocks are used to implement shift registers. Data is written into each address location at the falling edge of the clock and read from the address at the rising edge of the clock. ROM The M4K memory blocks support ROM mode. A MIF initializes the ROM contents of these blocks. FIFO buffers A single clock or dual clock FIFO may be implemented in the M4K blocks. Simultaneous read and write from an empty FIFO buffer is not supported. 1 Embedded Memory can be inferred in your HDL code or directly instantiated in the Quartus II software using the MegaWizard® Plug-in Manager Memory Compiler feature. 2–30 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Clock Modes Table 2–8 summarizes the different clock modes supported by the M4K memory. Table 2–8. M4K Clock Modes Clock Mode Description Independent In this mode, a separate clock is available for each port (ports A and B). Clock A controls all registers on the port A side, while clock B controls all registers on the port B side. Input/output On each of the two ports, A or B, one clock controls all registers for inputs into the memory block: data input, wren, and address. The other clock controls the block’s data output registers. Read/write Up to two clocks are available in this mode. The write clock controls the block’s data inputs, wraddress, and wren. The read clock controls the data output, rdaddress, and rden. Single In this mode, a single clock, together with clock enable, is used to control all registers of the memory block. Asynchronous clear signals for the registers are not supported. Table 2–9 shows which clock modes are supported by all M4K blocks when configured in the different memory modes. Table 2–9. Cyclone II M4K Memory Clock Modes Clocking Modes True Dual-Port Mode Simple Dual-Port Single-Port Mode Mode Independent v Input/output v v v v v Read/write Single clock v v M4K Routing Interface The R4, C4, and direct link interconnects from adjacent LABs drive the M4K block local interconnect. The M4K blocks can communicate with LABs on either the left or right side through these row resources or with LAB columns on either the right or left with the column resources. Up to 16 direct link input connections to the M4K block are possible from the left adjacent LAB and another 16 possible from the right adjacent LAB. M4K block outputs can also connect to left and right LABs through each 16 direct link interconnects. Figure 2–17 shows the M4K block to logic array interface. Altera Corporation February 2007 2–31 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Embedded Multipliers Figure 2–17. M4K RAM Block LAB Row Interface C4 Interconnects Direct link interconnect to adjacent LAB R4 Interconnects 16 Direct link interconnect to adjacent LAB dataout Direct link interconnect from adjacent LAB M4K RAM Block 16 16 Byte enable Direct link interconnect from adjacent LAB Control Signals Clocks address datain 6 M4K RAM Block Local Interconnect Region f Embedded Multipliers LAB Row Clocks For more information on Cyclone II embedded memory, see the Cyclone II Memory Blocks chapter in Volume 1 of the Cyclone II Device Handbook. Cyclone II devices have embedded multiplier blocks optimized for multiplier-intensive digital signal processing (DSP) functions, such as finite impulse response (FIR) filters, fast Fourier transform (FFT) functions, and discrete cosine transform (DCT) functions. You can use the embedded multiplier in one of two basic operational modes, depending on the application needs: ■ ■ One 18-bit multiplier Up to two independent 9-bit multipliers 2–32 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Embedded multipliers can operate at up to 250 MHz (for the fastest speed grade) for 18 × 18 and 9 × 9 multiplications when using both input and output registers. Each Cyclone II device has one to three columns of embedded multipliers that efficiently implement multiplication functions. An embedded multiplier spans the height of one LAB row. Table 2–10 shows the number of embedded multipliers in each Cyclone II device and the multipliers that can be implemented. Table 2–10. Number of Embedded Multipliers in Cyclone II Devices Device Note (1) Embedded Multiplier Columns Embedded Multipliers 9 × 9 Multipliers 18 × 18 Multipliers 1 13 26 13 EP2C5 EP2C8 1 18 36 18 EP2C15 1 26 52 26 EP2C20 1 26 52 26 EP2C35 1 35 70 35 EP2C50 2 86 172 86 EP2C70 3 150 300 150 Note to Table 2–10: (1) Each device has either the number of 9 × 9-, or 18 × 18-bit multipliers shown. The total number of multipliers for each device is not the sum of all the multipliers. The embedded multiplier consists of the following elements: ■ ■ ■ Multiplier block Input and output registers Input and output interfaces Figure 2–18 shows the multiplier block architecture. Altera Corporation February 2007 2–33 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Embedded Multipliers Figure 2–18. Multiplier Block Architecture signa (1) signb (1) aclr clock ena Data A D Q ENA Data Out D Q ENA CLRN CLRN Data B D Q ENA CLRN Output Register Input Register Embedded Multiplier Block Note to Figure 2–18: (1) If necessary, these signals can be registered once to match the data signal path. Each multiplier operand can be a unique signed or unsigned number. Two signals, signa and signb, control the representation of each operand respectively. A logic 1 value on the signa signal indicates that data A is a signed number while a logic 0 value indicates an unsigned number. Table 2–11 shows the sign of the multiplication result for the various operand sign representations. The result of the multiplication is signed if any one of the operands is a signed value. Table 2–11. Multiplier Sign Representation Data A (signa Value) Data B (signb Value) Result Unsigned Unsigned Unsigned Unsigned Signed Signed Signed Unsigned Signed Signed Signed Signed 2–34 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture There is only one signa and one signb signal for each dedicated multiplier. Therefore, all of the data A inputs feeding the same dedicated multiplier must have the same sign representation. Similarly, all of the data B inputs feeding the same dedicated multiplier must have the same sign representation. The signa and signb signals can be changed dynamically to modify the sign representation of the input operands at run time. The multiplier offers full precision regardless of the sign representation and can be registered using dedicated registers located at the input register stage. Multiplier Modes Table 2–12 summarizes the different modes that the embedded multipliers can operate in. Table 2–12. Embedded Multiplier Modes Multiplier Mode Altera Corporation February 2007 Description 18-bit Multiplier An embedded multiplier can be configured to support a single 18 × 18 multiplier for operand widths up to 18 bits. All 18-bit multiplier inputs and results can be registered independently. The multiplier operands can accept signed integers, unsigned integers, or a combination of both. 9-bit Multiplier An embedded multiplier can be configured to support two 9 × 9 independent multipliers for operand widths up to 9-bits. Both 9-bit multiplier inputs and results can be registered independently. The multiplier operands can accept signed integers, unsigned integers or a combination of both. There is only one signa signal to control the sign representation of both data A inputs and one signb signal to control the sign representation of both data B inputs of the 9-bit multipliers within the same dedicated multiplier. 2–35 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Embedded Multipliers Embedded Multiplier Routing Interface The R4, C4, and direct link interconnects from adjacent LABs drive the embedded multiplier row interface interconnect. The embedded multipliers can communicate with LABs on either the left or right side through these row resources or with LAB columns on either the right or left with the column resources. Up to 16 direct link input connections to the embedded multiplier are possible from the left adjacent LABs and another 16 possible from the right adjacent LAB. Embedded multiplier outputs can also connect to left and right LABs through 18 direct link interconnects each. Figure 2–19 shows the embedded multiplier to logic array interface. Figure 2–19. Embedded Multiplier LAB Row Interface C4 Interconnects Direct Link Interconnect from Adjacent LAB R4 Interconnects 18 Direct Link Outputs to Adjacent LABs Direct Link Interconnect from Adjacent LAB 36 Embedded Multiplier LAB LAB 18 18 16 16 5 Control 36 [35..0] 18 [35..0] 18 Row Interface Block LAB Block Interconect Region Embedded Multiplier to LAB Row Interface Block Interconnect Region 2–36 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 36 Inputs per Row 36 Outputs per Row LAB Block Interconect Region C4 Interconnects Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture There are five dynamic control input signals that feed the embedded multiplier: signa, signb, clk, clkena, and aclr. signa and signb can be registered to match the data signal input path. The same clk, clkena, and aclr signals feed all registers within a single embedded multiplier. f I/O Structure & Features For more information on Cyclone II embedded multipliers, see the Embedded Multipliers in Cyclone II Devices chapter. IOEs support many features, including: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Differential and single-ended I/O standards 3.3-V, 64- and 32-bit, 66- and 33-MHz PCI compliance Joint Test Action Group (JTAG) boundary-scan test (BST) support Output drive strength control Weak pull-up resistors during configuration Tri-state buffers Bus-hold circuitry Programmable pull-up resistors in user mode Programmable input and output delays Open-drain outputs DQ and DQS I/O pins VREF pins Cyclone II device IOEs contain a bidirectional I/O buffer and three registers for complete embedded bidirectional single data rate transfer. Figure 2–20 shows the Cyclone II IOE structure. The IOE contains one input register, one output register, and one output enable register. You can use the input registers for fast setup times and output registers for fast clock-to-output times. Additionally, you can use the output enable (OE) register for fast clock-to-output enable timing. The Quartus II software automatically duplicates a single OE register that controls multiple output or bidirectional pins. You can use IOEs as input, output, or bidirectional pins. Altera Corporation February 2007 2–37 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 I/O Structure & Features Figure 2–20. Cyclone II IOE Structure Logic Array OE Register OE Output Register Output Input (1) Input Register Note to Figure 2–20: (1) There are two paths available for combinational or registered inputs to the logic array. Each path contains a unique programmable delay chain. The IOEs are located in I/O blocks around the periphery of the Cyclone II device. There are up to five IOEs per row I/O block and up to four IOEs per column I/O block (column I/O blocks span two columns). The row I/O blocks drive row, column (only C4 interconnects), or direct link interconnects. The column I/O blocks drive column interconnects. Figure 2–21 shows how a row I/O block connects to the logic array. Figure 2–22 shows how a column I/O block connects to the logic array. 2–38 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Figure 2–21. Row I/O Block Connection to the Interconnect R4 & R24 Interconnects C4 Interconnects I/O Block Local Interconnect 35 Data and Control Signals from Logic Array (1) 35 LAB Row I/O Block io_datain0[4..0] io_datain1[4..0] (2) Direct Link Interconnect to Adjacent LAB Direct Link Interconnect from Adjacent LAB io_clk[5..0] LAB Local Interconnect Row I/O Block Contains up to Five IOEs Notes to Figure 2–21: (1) (2) The 35 data and control signals consist of five data out lines, io_dataout[4..0], five output enables, io_coe[4..0], five input clock enables, io_cce_in[4..0], five output clock enables, io_cce_out[4..0], five clocks, io_cclk[4..0], five asynchronous clear signals, io_caclr[4..0], and five synchronous clear signals, io_csclr[4..0]. Each of the five IOEs in the row I/O block can have two io_datain (combinational or registered) inputs. Altera Corporation February 2007 2–39 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 I/O Structure & Features Figure 2–22. Column I/O Block Connection to the Interconnect Column I/O Block Contains up to Four IOEs Column I/O Block 28 Data & Control Signals from Logic Array (1) 28 io_datain0[3..0] io_datain1[3..0] (2) io_clk[5..0] I/O Block Local Interconnect R4 & R24 Interconnects LAB LAB Local Interconnect LAB LAB C4 & C24 Interconnects Notes to Figure 2–22: (1) (2) The 28 data and control signals consist of four data out lines, io_dataout[3..0], four output enables, io_coe[3..0], four input clock enables, io_cce_in[3..0], four output clock enables, io_cce_out[3..0], four clocks, io_cclk[3..0], four asynchronous clear signals, io_caclr[3..0], and four synchronous clear signals, io_csclr[3..0]. Each of the four IOEs in the column I/O block can have two io_datain (combinational or registered) inputs. 2–40 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture The pin’s datain signals can drive the logic array. The logic array drives the control and data signals, providing a flexible routing resource. The row or column IOE clocks, io_clk[5..0], provide a dedicated routing resource for low-skew, high-speed clocks. The global clock network generates the IOE clocks that feed the row or column I/O regions (see “Global Clock Network & Phase-Locked Loops” on page 2–16). Figure 2–23 illustrates the signal paths through the I/O block. Figure 2–23. Signal Path Through the I/O Block Row or Column io_clk[5..0] To Logic Array To Other IOEs io_datain0 io_datain1 oe ce_in io_csclr ce_out io_coe io_cce_in From Logic Array io_cce_out Data and Control Signal Selection aclr/preset IOE sclr/preset clk_in io_caclr clk_out io_cclk io_dataout dataout Each IOE contains its own control signal selection for the following control signals: oe, ce_in, ce_out, aclr/preset, sclr/preset, clk_in, and clk_out. Figure 2–24 illustrates the control signal selection. Altera Corporation February 2007 2–41 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 I/O Structure & Features Figure 2–24. Control Signal Selection per IOE Dedicated I/O Clock [5..0] Local Interconnect io_coe Local Interconnect io_csclr Local Interconnect io_caclr Local Interconnect io_cce_out Local Interconnect io_cce_in Local Interconnect io_cclk ce_out clk_out clk_in ce_in sclr/preset aclr/preset oe In normal bidirectional operation, you can use the input register for input data requiring fast setup times. The input register can have its own clock input and clock enable separate from the OE and output registers. You can use the output register for data requiring fast clock-to-output performance. The OE register is available for fast clock-to-output enable timing. The OE and output register share the same clock source and the same clock enable source from the local interconnect in the associated LAB, dedicated I/O clocks, or the column and row interconnects. All registers share sclr and aclr, but each register can individually disable sclr and aclr. Figure 2–25 shows the IOE in bidirectional configuration. 2–42 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Figure 2–25. Cyclone II IOE in Bidirectional I/O Configuration io_clk[5..0] Column or Row Interconect OE OE Register clkout D PRN Q VCCIO ENA Optional PCI Clamp CLRN ce_out VCCIO Programmable Pull-Up Resistor aclr/prn Chip-Wide Reset Output Register D PRN Q Output Pin Delay ENA sclr/preset Open-Drain Output CLRN data_in1 Bus Hold data_in0 Input Register D clkin ce_in PRN Q Input Pin to Input Register Delay or Input Pin to Logic Array Delay ENA CLRN The Cyclone II device IOE includes programmable delays to ensure zero hold times, minimize setup times, or increase clock to output times. A path in which a pin directly drives a register may require a programmable delay to ensure zero hold time, whereas a path in which a pin drives a register through combinational logic may not require the delay. Programmable delays decrease input-pin-to-logic-array and IOE input register delays. The Quartus II Compiler can program these delays to automatically minimize setup time while providing a zero hold time. Altera Corporation February 2007 2–43 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 I/O Structure & Features Programmable delays can increase the register-to-pin delays for output registers. Table 2–13 shows the programmable delays for Cyclone II devices. Table 2–13. Cyclone II Programmable Delay Chain Programmable Delays Quartus II Logic Option Input pin to logic array delay Input delay from pin to internal cells Input pin to input register delay Input delay from pin to input register Output pin delay Delay from output register to output pin There are two paths in the IOE for an input to reach the logic array. Each of the two paths can have a different delay. This allows you to adjust delays from the pin to internal LE registers that reside in two different areas of the device. You set the two combinational input delays by selecting different delays for two different paths under the Input delay from pin to internal cells logic option in the Quartus II software. However, if the pin uses the input register, one of delays is disregarded because the IOE only has two paths to internal logic. If the input register is used, the IOE uses one input path. The other input path is then available for the combinational path, and only one input delay assignment is applied. The IOE registers in each I/O block share the same source for clear or preset. You can program preset or clear for each individual IOE, but both features cannot be used simultaneously. You can also program the registers to power up high or low after configuration is complete. If programmed to power up low, an asynchronous clear can control the registers. If programmed to power up high, an asynchronous preset can control the registers. This feature prevents the inadvertent activation of another device’s active-low input upon power up. If one register in an IOE uses a preset or clear signal then all registers in the IOE must use that same signal if they require preset or clear. Additionally a synchronous reset signal is available for the IOE registers. External Memory Interfacing Cyclone II devices support a broad range of external memory interfaces such as SDR SDRAM, DDR SDRAM, DDR2 SDRAM, and QDRII SRAM external memories. Cyclone II devices feature dedicated high-speed interfaces that transfer data between external memory devices at up to 167 MHz/333 Mbps for DDR and DDR2 SDRAM devices and 167 MHz/667 Mbps for QDRII SRAM devices. The programmable DQS delay chain allows you to fine tune the phase shift for the input clocks or strobes to properly align clock edges as needed to capture data. 2–44 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture In Cyclone II devices, all the I/O banks support SDR and DDR SDRAM memory up to 167 MHz/333 Mbps. All I/O banks support DQS signals with the DQ bus modes of ×8/×9, or ×16/×18. Table 2–14 shows the external memory interfaces supported in Cyclone II devices. Table 2–14. External Memory Support in Cyclone II Devices Memory Standard SDR SDRAM DDR SDRAM DDR2 SDRAM QDRII SRAM (4) Note (1) Maximum Bus Width Maximum Clock Rate Supported (MHz) Maximum Data Rate Supported (Mbps) LVTTL (2) 72 167 167 SSTL-2 class I (2) 72 167 333 (1) SSTL-2 class II (2) 72 133 267 (1) I/O Standard SSTL-18 class I (2) 72 167 333 (1) SSTL-18 class II (3) 72 125 250 (1) 1.8-V HSTL class I (2) 36 167 668 (1) 1.8-V HSTL class II (3) 36 100 400 (1) Notes to Table 2–14: (1) (2) (3) (4) The data rate is for designs using the Clock Delay Control circuitry. The I/O standards are supported on all the I/O banks of the Cyclone II device. The I/O standards are supported only on the I/O banks on the top and bottom of the Cyclone II device. For maximum performance, Altera recommends using the 1.8-V HSTL I/O standard because of higher I/O drive strength. QDRII SRAM devices also support the 1.5-V HSTL I/O standard. Cyclone II devices use data (DQ), data strobe (DQS), and clock pins to interface with external memory. Figure 2–26 shows the DQ and DQS pins in the ×8/×9 mode. Altera Corporation February 2007 2–45 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 I/O Structure & Features Figure 2–26. Cyclone II Device DQ & DQS Groups in ×8/×9 Mode Notes (1), (2) DQS Pin (2) DQ Pins DQ Pins DM Pin Notes to Figure 2–26: (1) (2) Each DQ group consists of a DQS pin, DM pin, and up to nine DQ pins. This is an idealized pin layout. For actual pin layout, refer to the pin table. Cyclone II devices support the data strobe or read clock signal (DQS) used in DDR and DDR2 SDRAM. Cyclone II devices can use either bidirectional data strobes or unidirectional read clocks. The dedicated external memory interface in Cyclone II devices also includes programmable delay circuitry that can shift the incoming DQS signals to center align the DQS signals within the data window. The DQS signal is usually associated with a group of data (DQ) pins. The phase-shifted DQS signals drive the global clock network, which is used to clock the DQ signals on internal LE registers. Table 2–15 shows the number of DQ pin groups per device. Table 2–15. Cyclone II DQS & DQ Bus Mode Support (Part 1 of 2) Device EP2C5 Package 144-pin TQFP (2) 208-pin PQFP EP2C8 EP2C15 EP2C20 144-pin TQFP (2) Number of ×8 Groups Note (1) Number of ×9 Number of ×16 Number of ×18 Groups (5), (6) Groups Groups (5), (6) 3 3 0 0 7 (3) 4 3 3 3 3 0 0 208-pin PQFP 7 (3) 4 3 3 256-pin FineLine BGA® 8 (3) 4 4 4 256-pin FineLine BGA 8 4 4 4 484-pin FineLine BGA 16 (4) 8 8 8 256-pin FineLine BGA 8 4 4 4 484-pin FineLine BGA 16 (4) 8 8 8 2–46 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Table 2–15. Cyclone II DQS & DQ Bus Mode Support (Part 2 of 2) Note (1) Package Number of ×8 Groups EP2C35 484-pin FineLine BGA 16 (4) 8 8 8 672-pin FineLine BGA 20 (4) 8 8 8 EP2C50 484-pin FineLine BGA 16 (4) 8 8 8 672-pin FineLine BGA 20 (4) 8 8 8 EP2C70 672-pin FineLine BGA 20 (4) 8 8 8 896-pin FineLine BGA 20 (4) 8 8 8 Device Number of ×9 Number of ×16 Number of ×18 Groups (5), (6) Groups Groups (5), (6) Notes to Table 2–15: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Numbers are preliminary. EP2C5 and EP2C8 devices in the 144-pin TQFP package do not have any DQ pin groups in I/O bank 1. Because of available clock resources, only a total of 6 DQ/DQS groups can be implemented. Because of available clock resources, only a total of 14 DQ/DQS groups can be implemented. The ×9 DQS/DQ groups are also used as ×8 DQS/DQ groups. The ×18 DQS/DQ groups are also used as ×16 DQS/DQ groups. For QDRI implementation, if you connect the D ports (write data) to the Cyclone II DQ pins, the total available ×9 DQS /DQ and ×18 DQS/DQ groups are half of that shown in Table 2–15. You can use any of the DQ pins for the parity pins in Cyclone II devices. The Cyclone II device family supports parity in the ×8/×9, and ×16/×18 mode. There is one parity bit available per eight bits of data pins. The data mask, DM, pins are required when writing to DDR SDRAM and DDR2 SDRAM devices. A low signal on the DM pin indicates that the write is valid. If the DM signal is high, the memory masks the DQ signals. In Cyclone II devices, the DM pins are assigned and are the preferred pins. Each group of DQS and DQ signals requires a DM pin. When using the Cyclone II I/O banks to interface with the DDR memory, at least one PLL with two clock outputs is needed to generate the system and write clock. The system clock is used to clock the DQS write signals, commands, and addresses. The write clock is shifted by –90° from the system clock and is used to clock the DQ signals during writes. Figure 2–27 illustrates DDR SDRAM interfacing from the I/O through the dedicated circuitry to the logic array. Altera Corporation February 2007 2–47 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 I/O Structure & Features Figure 2–27. DDR SDRAM Interfacing DQS OE DQ OE LE Register LE Register t Adjacent LAB LEs LE Register LE Register VCC LE Register DataA LE Register LE Register GND LE Register DataB LE Register LE Register clk PLL LE Register LE Register Clock Delay Control Circuitry en/dis -90˚ Shifted clk Clock Control Block ENOUT f LE Register Global Clock Resynchronizing to System Clock Dynamic Enable/Disable Circuitry ena_register_mode For more information on Cyclone II external memory interfaces, see the External Memory Interfaces chapter in Volume 1 of the Cyclone II Device Handbook. 2–48 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Programmable Drive Strength The output buffer for each Cyclone II device I/O pin has a programmable drive strength control for certain I/O standards. The LVTTL, LVCMOS, SSTL-2 class I and II, SSTL-18 class I and II, HSTL-18 class I and II, and HSTL-1.5 class I and II standards have several levels of drive strength that you can control. Using minimum settings provides signal slew rate control to reduce system noise and signal overshoot. Table 2–16 shows the possible settings for the I/O standards with drive strength control. Table 2–16. Programmable Drive Strength (Part 1 of 2) I/O Standard IOH/IOL Current Strength Setting (mA) Top & Bottom I/O Pins LVTTL (3.3 V) LVCMOS (3.3 V) Note (1) Side I/O Pins 4 4 8 8 12 12 16 16 20 20 24 24 4 4 8 8 12 12 16 20 24 LVTTL/LVCMOS (2.5 V) 4 4 8 8 12 16 LVTTL/LVCMOS (1.8 V) Altera Corporation February 2007 2 2 4 4 6 6 8 8 10 10 12 12 2–49 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 I/O Structure & Features Table 2–16. Programmable Drive Strength (Part 2 of 2) I/O Standard LVCMOS (1.5 V) Note (1) IOH/IOL Current Strength Setting (mA) Top & Bottom I/O Pins Side I/O Pins 2 2 4 4 6 6 8 SSTL-2 class I 8 8 12 12 SSTL-2 class II 16 16 20 24 SSTL-18 class I 6 6 8 8 10 10 12 SSTL-18 class II 16 18 HSTL-18 class I HSTL-18 class II 8 8 10 10 12 12 16 18 20 HSTL-15 class I 8 8 10 12 HSTL-15 class II 16 Note to Table 2–16: (1) The default current in the Quartus II software is the maximum setting for each I/O standard. Open-Drain Output Cyclone II devices provide an optional open-drain (equivalent to an open-collector) output for each I/O pin. This open-drain output enables the device to provide system-level control signals (that is, interrupt and write-enable signals) that can be asserted by any of several devices. 2–50 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Slew Rate Control Slew rate control is performed by using programmable output drive strength. Bus Hold Each Cyclone II device user I/O pin provides an optional bus-hold feature. The bus-hold circuitry can hold the signal on an I/O pin at its last-driven state. Since the bus-hold feature holds the last-driven state of the pin until the next input signal is present, an external pull-up or pull-down resistor is not necessary to hold a signal level when the bus is tri-stated. The bus-hold circuitry also pulls undriven pins away from the input threshold voltage where noise can cause unintended high-frequency switching. You can select this feature individually for each I/O pin. The bus-hold output drives no higher than VCCIO to prevent overdriving signals. 1 If the bus-hold feature is enabled, the device cannot use the programmable pull-up option. Disable the bus-hold feature when the I/O pin is configured for differential signals. Bus hold circuitry is not available on the dedicated clock pins. The bus-hold circuitry is only active after configuration. When going into user mode, the bus-hold circuit captures the value on the pin present at the end of configuration. The bus-hold circuitry uses a resistor with a nominal resistance (RBH) of approximately 7 kΩ to pull the signal level to the last-driven state. Refer to the DC Characteristics & Timing Specifications chapter in Volume 1 of the Cyclone II Device Handbook for the specific sustaining current for each VCCIO voltage level driven through the resistor and overdrive current used to identify the next driven input level. Programmable Pull-Up Resistor Each Cyclone II device I/O pin provides an optional programmable pull-up resistor during user mode. If you enable this feature for an I/O pin, the pull-up resistor (typically 25 kΩ) holds the output to the VCCIO level of the output pin’s bank. 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 If the programmable pull-up is enabled, the device cannot use the bus-hold feature. The programmable pull-up resistors are not supported on the dedicated configuration, JTAG, and dedicated clock pins. 2–51 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 I/O Structure & Features Advanced I/O Standard Support Table 2–17 shows the I/O standards supported by Cyclone II devices and which I/O pins support them. Table 2–17. Cyclone II Supported I/O Standards & Constraints (Part 1 of 2) VCCIO Level I/O Standard Top & Bottom I/O Pins Side I/O Pins Type Input Output CLK, User I/O CLK, PLL_OUT DQS Pins DQS User I/O Pins 3.3-V LVTTL and LVCMOS (1) Single ended 3.3 V/ 2.5 V 3.3 V v v v v v 2.5-V LVTTL and LVCMOS Single ended 3.3 V/ 2.5 V 2.5 V v v v v v 1.8-V LVTTL and LVCMOS Single ended 1.8 V/ 1.5 V 1.8 V v v v v v 1.5-V LVCMOS Single ended 1.8 V/ 1.5 V 1.5 V v v v v v SSTL-2 class I Voltage referenced 2.5 V 2.5 V v v v v v SSTL-2 class II Voltage referenced 2.5 V 2.5 V v v v v v SSTL-18 class I Voltage referenced 1.8 V 1.8 V v v v v v SSTL-18 class II Voltage referenced 1.8 V 1.8 V v v (2) (2) (2) HSTL-18 class I Voltage referenced 1.8 V 1.8 V v v v v v HSTL-18 class II Voltage referenced 1.8 V 1.8 V v v (2) (2) (2) HSTL-15 class I Voltage referenced 1.5 V 1.5 V v v v v v HSTL-15 class II Voltage referenced 1.5 V 1.5 V v v (2) (2) (2) PCI and PCI-X (1) (3) Single ended 3.3 V 3.3 V v v (5) 2.5 V 2.5 V (5) Differential SSTL-2 class I or Pseudo class II differential (4) Differential SSTL-18 class I or class II Pseudo differential (4) 2–52 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 (5) 1.8 V 1.8 V (5) v v v v (6) (6) v (7) v v (6) (6) Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Table 2–17. Cyclone II Supported I/O Standards & Constraints (Part 2 of 2) VCCIO Level I/O Standard Differential HSTL-18 class I or class II Side I/O Pins Type Input Output Differential HSTL-15 class I or class II Top & Bottom I/O Pins Pseudo differential (4) Pseudo differential (4) (5) 1.5 V 1.5 V (5) (5) 1.8 V CLK, User I/O CLK, PLL_OUT DQS Pins DQS v (7) v v (6) (6) v (7) 1.8 V (5) LVDS Differential 2.5 V 2.5 V RSDS and mini-LVDS (8) Differential (5) 2.5 V LVPECL (9) Differential 3.3 V/ 2.5 V/ 1.8 V/ 1.5 V User I/O Pins v v (6) (6) v v v v v v v v (5) v v Notes to Table 2–17: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) To drive inputs higher than VC C I O but less than 4.0 V, disable the PCI clamping diode and turn on the Allow LVTTL and LVCMOS input levels to overdrive input buffer option in the Quartus II software. These pins support SSTL-18 class II and 1.8- and 1.5-V HSTL class II inputs. PCI-X does not meet the IV curve requirement at the linear region. PCI-clamp diode is not available on top and bottom I/O pins. Pseudo-differential HSTL and SSTL outputs use two single-ended outputs with the second output programmed as inverted. Pseudo-differential HSTL and SSTL inputs treat differential inputs as two single-ended HSTL and SSTL inputs and only decode one of them. This I/O standard is not supported on these I/O pins. This I/O standard is only supported on the dedicated clock pins. PLL_OUT does not support differential SSTL-18 class II and differential 1.8 and 1.5-V HSTL class II. mini-LVDS and RSDS are only supported on output pins. LVPECL is only supported on clock inputs. f For more information on Cyclone II supported I/O standards, see the Selectable I/O Standards in Cyclone II Devices chapter in Volume 1 of the Cyclone II Device Handbook. High-Speed Differential Interfaces Cyclone II devices can transmit and receive data through LVDS signals at a data rate of up to 640 Mbps and 805 Mbps, respectively. For the LVDS transmitter and receiver, the Cyclone II device’s input and output pins support serialization and deserialization through internal logic. Altera Corporation February 2007 2–53 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 I/O Structure & Features The reduced swing differential signaling (RSDS) and mini-LVDS standards are derivatives of the LVDS standard. The RSDS and mini-LVDS I/O standards are similar in electrical characteristics to LVDS, but have a smaller voltage swing and therefore provide increased power benefits and reduced electromagnetic interference (EMI). Cyclone II devices support the RSDS and mini-LVDS I/O standards at data rates up to 311 Mbps at the transmitter. A subset of pins in each I/O bank (on both rows and columns) support the high-speed I/O interface. The dual-purpose LVDS pins require an external-resistor network at the transmitter channels in addition to 100-Ω termination resistors on receiver channels. These pins do not contain dedicated serialization or deserialization circuitry. Therefore, internal logic performs serialization and deserialization functions. Cyclone II pin tables list the pins that support the high-speed I/O interface. The number of LVDS channels supported in each device family member is listed in Table 2–18. Table 2–18. Cyclone II Device LVDS Channels (Part 1 of 2) Device EP2C5 EP2C8 Pin Count Number of LVDS Channels (1) 144 31 (35) 208 56 (60) 256 61 (65) 144 29 (33) 208 53 (57) 256 75 (79) EP2C15 256 52 (60) 484 128 (136) EP2C20 240 45 (53) EP2C35 EP2C50 2–54 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 256 52 (60) 484 128 (136) 484 131 (139) 672 201 (209) 484 119 (127) 672 189 (197) Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Table 2–18. Cyclone II Device LVDS Channels (Part 2 of 2) Device EP2C70 Pin Count Number of LVDS Channels (1) 672 160 (168) 896 257 (265) Note to Table 2–18: (1) The first number represents the number of bidirectional I/O pins which can be used as inputs or outputs. The number in parenthesis includes dedicated clock input pin pairs which can only be used as inputs. You can use I/O pins and internal logic to implement a high-speed I/O receiver and transmitter in Cyclone II devices. Cyclone II devices do not contain dedicated serialization or deserialization circuitry. Therefore, shift registers, internal PLLs, and IOEs are used to perform serial-to-parallel conversions on incoming data and parallel-to-serial conversion on outgoing data. The maximum internal clock frequency for a receiver and for a transmitter is 402.5 MHz. The maximum input data rate of 805 Mbps and the maximum output data rate of 640 Mbps is only achieved when DDIO registers are used. The LVDS standard does not require an input reference voltage, but it does require a 100-Ω termination resistor between the two signals at the input buffer. An external resistor network is required on the transmitter side. f For more information on Cyclone II differential I/O interfaces, see the High-Speed Differential Interfaces in Cyclone II Devices chapter in Volume 1 of the Cyclone II Device Handbook. Series On-Chip Termination On-chip termination helps to prevent reflections and maintain signal integrity. This also minimizes the need for external resistors in high pin count ball grid array (BGA) packages. Cyclone II devices provide I/O driver on-chip impedance matching and on-chip series termination for single-ended outputs and bidirectional pins. Altera Corporation February 2007 2–55 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 I/O Structure & Features Cyclone II devices support driver impedance matching to the impedance of the transmission line, typically 25 or 50 Ω. When used with the output drivers, on-chip termination sets the output driver impedance to 25 or 50 Ω. Cyclone II devices also support I/O driver series termination (RS = 50 Ω) for SSTL-2 and SSTL-18. Table 2–19 lists the I/O standards that support impedance matching and series termination. Table 2–19. I/O Standards Supporting Series Termination Note (1) Target RS (Ω) VCCIO (V) 3.3-V LVTTL and LVCMOS 25 (2) 3.3 2.5-V LVTTL and LVCMOS 50 (2) 2.5 1.8-V LVTTL and LVCMOS 50 (2) 1.8 SSTL-2 class I 50 (2) 2.5 SSTL-18 class I 50 (2) 1.8 I/O Standards Notes to Table 2–19: (1) (2) 1 Supported conditions are VCCIO = VCCIO ±50 mV. These RS values are nominal values. Actual impedance varies across process, voltage, and temperature conditions. The recommended frequency range of operation is pending silicon characterization. On-chip series termination can be supported on any I/O bank. VCCIO and VREF must be compatible for all I/O pins in order to enable on-chip series termination in a given I/O bank. I/O standards that support different RS values can reside in the same I/O bank as long as their VCCIO and VREF are not conflicting. 1 When using on-chip series termination, programmable drive strength is not available. Impedance matching is implemented using the capabilities of the output driver and is subject to a certain degree of variation, depending on the process, voltage and temperature. The actual tolerance is pending silicon characterization. 2–56 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture I/O Banks The I/O pins on Cyclone II devices are grouped together into I/O banks and each bank has a separate power bus. EP2C5 and EP2C8 devices have four I/O banks (see Figure 2–28), while EP2C15, EP2C20, EP2C35, EP2C50, and EP2C70 devices have eight I/O banks (see Figure 2–29). Each device I/O pin is associated with one I/O bank. To accommodate voltage-referenced I/O standards, each Cyclone II I/O bank has a VREF bus. Each bank in EP2C5, EP2C8, EP2C15, EP2C20, EP2C35, and EP2C50 devices supports two VREF pins and each bank of EP2C70 supports four VREF pins. When using the VREF pins, each VREF pin must be properly connected to the appropriate voltage level. In the event these pins are not used as VREF pins, they may be used as regular I/O pins. The top and bottom I/O banks (banks 2 and 4 in EP2C5 and EP2C8 devices and banks 3, 4, 7, and 8 in EP2C15, EP2C20, EP2C35, EP2C50, and EP2C70 devices) support all I/O standards listed in Table 2–17, except the PCI/PCI-X I/O standards. The left and right side I/O banks (banks 1 and 3 in EP2C5 and EP2C8 devices and banks 1, 2, 5, and 6 in EP2C15, EP2C20, EP2C35, EP2C50, and EP2C70 devices) support I/O standards listed in Table 2–17, except SSTL-18 class II, HSTL-18 class II, and HSTL-15 class II I/O standards. See Table 2–17 for a complete list of supported I/O standards. The top and bottom I/O banks (banks 2 and 4 in EP2C5 and EP2C8 devices and banks 3, 4, 7, and 8 in EP2C15, EP2C20, EP2C35, EP2C50, and EP2C70 devices) support DDR2 memory up to 167 MHz/333 Mbps and QDR memory up to 167 MHz/668 Mbps. The left and right side I/O banks (1 and 3 of EP2C5 and EP2C8 devices and 1, 2, 5, and 6 of EP2C15, EP2C20, EP2C35, EP2C50, and EP2C70 devices) only support SDR and DDR SDRAM interfaces. All the I/O banks of the Cyclone II devices support SDR memory up to 167 MHz/167 Mbps and DDR memory up to 167 MHz/333 Mbps. 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 DDR2 and QDRII interfaces may be implemented in Cyclone II side banks if the use of class I I/O standard is acceptable. 2–57 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 I/O Structure & Features Figure 2–28. EP2C5 & EP2C8 I/O Banks Notes (1), (2) I/O Bank 2 Also Supports the SSTL-18 Class II, HSTL-18 Class II, & HSTL-15 Class II I/O Standards I/O Bank 2 I/O Bank 1 Also Supports the 3.3-V PCI & PCI-X I/O Standards I/O Bank 1 All I/O Banks Support ■ 3.3-V LVTTL/LVCMOS ■ 2.5-V LVTTL/LVCMOS ■ 1.8-V LVTTL/LVCMOS ■ 1.5-V LVCMOS ■ LVDS ■ RSDS ■ mini-LVDS ■ LVPECL (3) ■ SSTL-2 Class I and II ■ SSTL-18 Class I ■ HSTL-18 Class I ■ HSTL-15 Class I ■ Differential SSTL-2 (4) ■ Differential SSTL-18 (4) ■ Differential HSTL-18 (5) ■ Differential HSTL-15 (5) I/O Bank 3 Also Supports the 3.3-V PCI & PCI-X I/O Standards I/O Bank 3 Individual Power Bus I/O Bank 4 I/O Bank 4 Also Supports the SSTL-18 Class II, HSTL-18 Class II, & HSTL-15 Class II I/O Standards Notes to Figure 2–28: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) This is a top view of the silicon die. This is a graphic representation only. Refer to the pin list and the Quartus II software for exact pin locations. The LVPECL I/O standard is only supported on clock input pins. This I/O standard is not supported on output pins. The differential SSTL-18 and SSTL-2 I/O standards are only supported on clock input pins and PLL output clock pins. The differential 1.8-V and 1.5-V HSTL I/O standards are only supported on clock input pins and PLL output clock pins. 2–58 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Figure 2–29. EP2C15, EP2C20, EP2C35, EP2C50 & EP2C70 I/O Banks Notes (1), (2) I/O Banks 3 & 4 Also Support the SSTL-18 Class II, HSTL-18 Class II, & HSTL-15 Class II I/O Standards I/O Bank 3 I/O Bank 4 Individual Power Bus I/O Bank 2 I/O Banks 1 & 2 Also Support the 3.3-V PCI & PCI-X I/O Standards I/O Bank 1 All I/O Banks Support ■ 3.3-V LVTTL/LVCMOS ■ 2.5-V LVTTL/LVCMOS ■ 1.8-V LVTTL/LVCMOS ■ 1.5-V LVCMOS ■ LVDS ■ RSDS ■ mini-LVDS ■ LVPECL (3) ■ SSTL-2 Class I and II ■ SSTL-18 Class I ■ HSTL-18 Class I ■ HSTL-15 Class I ■ Differential SSTL-2 (4) ■ Differential SSTL-18 (4) ■ Differential HSTL-18 (5) ■ Differential HSTL-15 (5) Regular I/O Block Bank 8 I/O Bank 5 I/O Banks 5 & 6 Also Support the 3.3-V PCI & PCI-X I/O Standards I/O Bank 6 Regular I/O Block Bank 7 I/O Banks 7 & 8 Also Support the SSTL-18 Class II, HSTL-18 Class II, & HSTL-15 Class II I/O Standards Notes to Figure 2–29: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) This is a top view of the silicon die. This is a graphic representation only. Refer to the pin list and the Quartus II software for exact pin locations. The LVPECL I/O standard is only supported on clock input pins. This I/O standard is not supported on output pins. The differential SSTL-18 and SSTL-2 I/O standards are only supported on clock input pins and PLL output clock pins. The differential 1.8-V and 1.5-V HSTL I/O standards are only supported on clock input pins and PLL output clock pins. Each I/O bank has its own VCCIO pins. A single device can support 1.5-V, 1.8-V, 2.5-V, and 3.3-V interfaces; each individual bank can support a different standard with different I/O voltages. Each bank also has dual-purpose VREF pins to support any one of the voltage-referenced Altera Corporation February 2007 2–59 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 I/O Structure & Features standards (e.g., SSTL-2) independently. If an I/O bank does not use voltage-referenced standards, the VREF pins are available as user I/O pins. Each I/O bank can support multiple standards with the same VCCIO for input and output pins. For example, when VCCIO is 3.3-V, a bank can support LVTTL, LVCMOS, and 3.3-V PCI for inputs and outputs. Voltage-referenced standards can be supported in an I/O bank using any number of single-ended or differential standards as long as they use the same VREF and a compatible VCCIO value. MultiVolt I/O Interface The Cyclone II architecture supports the MultiVolt I/O interface feature, which allows Cyclone II devices in all packages to interface with systems of different supply voltages. Cyclone II devices have one set of VCC pins (VCCINT) that power the internal device logic array and input buffers that use the LVPECL, LVDS, HSTL, or SSTL I/O standards. Cyclone II devices also have four or eight sets of VCC pins (VCCIO) that power the I/O output drivers and input buffers that use the LVTTL, LVCMOS, or PCI I/O standards. The Cyclone II VCCINT pins must always be connected to a 1.2-V power supply. If the VCCINT level is 1.2 V, then input pins are 1.5-V, 1.8-V, 2.5-V, and 3.3-V tolerant. The VCCIO pins can be connected to either a 1.5-V, 1.8-V, 2.5-V, or 3.3-V power supply, depending on the output requirements. The output levels are compatible with systems of the same voltage as the power supply (i.e., when VCCIO pins are connected to a 1.5-V power supply, the output levels are compatible with 1.5-V systems). When VCCIO pins are connected to a 3.3-V power supply, the output high is 3.3-V and is compatible with 3.3-V systems. Table 2–20 summarizes Cyclone II MultiVolt I/O support. Table 2–20. Cyclone II MultiVolt I/O Support (Part 1 of 2) Note (1) Input Signal VCCIO (V) Output Signal 1.5 V 1.8 V 2.5 V 3.3 V 1.5 V 1.5 v v v (2) v (2) v 1.8 v (4) v v (2) v (2) v (3) v v v v (5) v (5) 2.5 2–60 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 1.8 V 2.5 V 3.3 V v Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Table 2–20. Cyclone II MultiVolt I/O Support (Part 2 of 2) Note (1) Input Signal VCCIO (V) 1.5 V 3.3 1.8 V Output Signal 2.5 V 3.3 V 1.5 V 1.8 V 2.5 V 3.3 V v (4) v v (6) v (6) v (6) v Notes to Table 2–20: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) The PCI clamping diode must be disabled to drive an input with voltages higher than VCCIO. These input values overdrive the input buffer, so the pin leakage current is slightly higher than the default value. To drive inputs higher than VCCIO but less than 4.0 V, disable the PCI clamping diode and turn on Allow voltage overdrive for LVTTL/LVCMOS input pins option in Device setting option in the Quartus II software. When VCCIO = 1.8-V, a Cyclone II device can drive a 1.5-V device with 1.8-V tolerant inputs. When VCCIO = 3.3-V and a 2.5-V input signal feeds an input pin or when VC C I O = 1.8-V and a 1.5-V input signal feeds an input pin, the VCCIO supply current will be slightly larger than expected. The reason for this increase is that the input signal level does not drive to the VCCIO rail, which causes the input buffer to not completely shut off. When VCCIO = 2.5-V, a Cyclone II device can drive a 1.5-V or 1.8-V device with 2.5-V tolerant inputs. When VCCIO = 3.3-V, a Cyclone II device can drive a 1.5-V, 1.8-V, or 2.5-V device with 3.3-V tolerant inputs. Altera Corporation February 2007 2–61 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Document Revision History Document Revision History Table 2–21 shows the revision history for this document. Table 2–21. Document Revision History Date & Document Version February 2007 v3.1 Changes Made ● ● ● ● ● ● November 2005 v2.1 ● ● ● ● ● ● July 2005 v2.0 ● ● February 2005 v1.2 Added document revision history. Removed Table 2-1. Updated Figure 2–25. Added new Note (1) to Table 2–17. Added handpara note in “I/O Banks” section. Updated Note (2) to Table 2–20. Summary of Changes ● ● Removed Drive Strength Control from Figure 2–25. Elaboration of DDR2 and QDRII interfaces supported by I/O bank included. Updated Table 2–7. Updated Figures 2–11 and 2–12. Updated Programmable Drive Strength table. Updated Table 2–16. Updated Table 2–18. Updated Table 2–19. Updated technical content throughout. Updated Table 2–16. Updated figure 2-12. November 2004 Updated Table 2–19. v1.1 June 2004 v1.0 Added document to the Cyclone II Device Handbook. 2–62 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 3. Configuration & Testing CII51003-2.2 IEEE Std. 1149.1 (JTAG) Boundary Scan Support All Cyclone® II devices provide JTAG BST circuitry that complies with the IEEE Std. 1149.1. JTAG boundary-scan testing can be performed either before or after, but not during configuration. Cyclone II devices can also use the JTAG port for configuration with the Quartus® II software or hardware using either Jam Files (.jam) or Jam Byte-Code Files (.jbc). Cyclone II devices support IOE I/O standard reconfiguration through the JTAG BST chain. The JTAG chain can update the I/O standard for all input and output pins any time before or during user mode through the CONFIG_IO instruction. You can use this capability for JTAG testing before configuration when some of the Cyclone II pins drive or receive from other devices on the board using voltage-referenced standards. Since the Cyclone II device might not be configured before JTAG testing, the I/O pins may not be configured for appropriate electrical standards for chip-to-chip communication. Programming the I/O standards via JTAG allows you to fully test I/O connections to other devices. f For information on I/O reconfiguration, refer to the MorphIO: An I/O Reconfiguration Solution for Altera Devices White Paper. A device operating in JTAG mode uses four required pins: TDI, TDO, TMS, and TCK. The TCK pin has an internal weak pull-down resister, while the TDI and TMS pins have weak internal pull-up resistors. The TDO output pin and all JTAG input pin voltage is determined by the VCCIO of the bank where it resides. The bank VCCIO selects whether the JTAG inputs are 1.5-, 1.8-, 2.5-, or 3.3-V compatible. 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Stratix® II, Stratix, Cyclone II and Cyclone devices must be within the first 8 devices in a JTAG chain. All of these devices have the same JTAG controller. If any of the Stratix II, Stratix, Cyclone II or Cyclone devices are in the 9th of further position, they fail configuration. This does not affect Signal Tap II. 3–1 IEEE Std. 1149.1 (JTAG) Boundary Scan Support Cyclone II devices also use the JTAG port to monitor the logic operation of the device with the SignalTap® II embedded logic analyzer. Cyclone II devices support the JTAG instructions shown in Table 3–1. Table 3–1. Cyclone II JTAG Instructions (Part 1 of 2) JTAG Instruction Instruction Code Description SAMPLE/PRELOAD 00 0000 0101 Allows a snapshot of signals at the device pins to be captured and examined during normal device operation, and permits an initial data pattern to be output at the device pins. Also used by the SignalTap II embedded logic analyzer. EXTEST (1) 00 0000 1111 Allows the external circuitry and board-level interconnects to be tested by forcing a test pattern at the output pins and capturing test results at the input pins. BYPASS 11 1111 1111 Places the 1-bit bypass register between the TDI and TDO pins, which allows the BST data to pass synchronously through selected devices to adjacent devices during normal device operation. USERCODE 00 0000 0111 Selects the 32-bit USERCODE register and places it between the TDI and TDO pins, allowing the USERCODE to be serially shifted out of TDO. IDCODE 00 0000 0110 Selects the IDCODE register and places it between TDI and TDO, allowing the IDCODE to be serially shifted out of TDO. HIGHZ (1) 00 0000 1011 Places the 1-bit bypass register between the TDI and TDO pins, which allows the BST data to pass synchronously through selected devices to adjacent devices during normal device operation, while tri-stating all of the I/O pins. CLAMP (1) 00 0000 1010 Places the 1-bit bypass register between the TDI and TDO pins, which allows the BST data to pass synchronously through selected devices to adjacent devices during normal device operation while holding I/O pins to a state defined by the data in the boundary-scan register. ICR instructions PULSE_NCONFIG Used when configuring a Cyclone II device via the JTAG port with a USB Blaster™, ByteBlaster™ II, MasterBlaster™ or ByteBlasterMV™ download cable, or when using a Jam File or JBC File via an embedded processor. 00 0000 0001 3–2 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Emulates pulsing the nCONFIG pin low to trigger reconfiguration even though the physical pin is unaffected. Altera Corporation February 2007 Configuration & Testing Table 3–1. Cyclone II JTAG Instructions (Part 2 of 2) JTAG Instruction CONFIG_IO SignalTap II instructions Instruction Code 00 0000 1101 Description Allows configuration of I/O standards through the JTAG chain for JTAG testing. Can be executed before, after, or during configuration. Stops configuration if executed during configuration. Once issued, the CONFIG_IO instruction holds nSTATUS low to reset the configuration device. nSTATUS is held low until the device is reconfigured. Monitors internal device operation with the SignalTap II embedded logic analyzer. Note to Table 3–1: (1) Bus hold and weak pull-up resistor features override the high-impedance state of HIGHZ, CLAMP, and EXTEST. The Quartus II software has an Auto Usercode feature where you can choose to use the checksum value of a programming file as the JTAG user code. If selected, the checksum is automatically loaded to the USERCODE register. In the Settings dialog box in the Assignments menu, click Device & Pin Options, then General, and then turn on the Auto Usercode option. Altera Corporation February 2007 3–3 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 IEEE Std. 1149.1 (JTAG) Boundary Scan Support The Cyclone II device instruction register length is 10 bits and the USERCODE register length is 32 bits. Tables 3–2 and 3–3 show the boundary-scan register length and device IDCODE information for Cyclone II devices. Table 3–2. Cyclone II Boundary-Scan Register Length Device Boundary-Scan Register Length EP2C5 498 EP2C8 597 EP2C15 969 EP2C20 969 EP2C35 1,449 EP2C50 1,374 EP2C70 1,890 Table 3–3. 32-Bit Cyclone II Device IDCODE IDCODE (32 Bits) (1) Device Version (4 Bits) Part Number (16 Bits) Manufacturer Identity (11 Bits) LSB (1 Bit) (2) EP2C5 0000 0010 0000 1011 0001 000 0110 1110 1 EP2C8 0000 0010 0000 1011 0010 000 0110 1110 1 EP2C15 0000 0010 0000 1011 0011 000 0110 1110 1 EP2C20 0000 0010 0000 1011 0011 000 0110 1110 1 EP2C35 0000 0010 0000 1011 0100 000 0110 1110 1 EP2C50 0000 0010 0000 1011 0101 000 0110 1110 1 EP2C70 0000 0010 0000 1011 0110 000 0110 1110 1 Notes to Table 3–3: (1) (2) The most significant bit (MSB) is on the left. The IDCODE’s least significant bit (LSB) is always 1. For more information on the Cyclone II JTAG specifications, refer to the DC Characteristics & Timing Specifications chapter in the Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1. 3–4 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Configuration & Testing SignalTap II Embedded Logic Analyzer f Configuration Cyclone II devices support the SignalTap II embedded logic analyzer, which monitors design operation over a period of time through the IEEE Std. 1149.1 (JTAG) circuitry. You can analyze internal logic at speed without bringing internal signals to the I/O pins. This feature is particularly important for advanced packages, such as FineLine BGA® packages, because it can be difficult to add a connection to a pin during the debugging process after a board is designed and manufactured. For more information on the SignalTap II, see the Signal Tap chapter of the Quartus II Handbook, Volume 3. The logic, circuitry, and interconnects in the Cyclone II architecture are configured with CMOS SRAM elements. Altera FPGA devices are reconfigurable and every device is tested with a high coverage production test program so you do not have to perform fault testing and can instead focus on simulation and design verification. Cyclone II devices are configured at system power-up with data stored in an Altera configuration device or provided by a system controller. The Cyclone II device’s optimized interface allows the device to act as controller in an active serial configuration scheme with EPCS serial configuration devices. The serial configuration device can be programmed via SRunner, the ByteBlaster II or USB Blaster download cable, the Altera Programming Unit (APU), or third-party programmers. In addition to EPCS serial configuration devices, Altera offers in-system programmability (ISP)-capable configuration devices that can configure Cyclone II devices via a serial data stream using the Passive serial (PS) configuration mode. The PS interface also enables microprocessors to treat Cyclone II devices as memory and configure them by writing to a virtual memory location, simplifying reconfiguration. After a Cyclone II device has been configured, it can be reconfigured in-circuit by resetting the device and loading new configuration data. Real-time changes can be made during system operation, enabling innovative reconfigurable applications. Operating Modes Altera Corporation February 2007 The Cyclone II architecture uses SRAM configuration elements that require configuration data to be loaded each time the circuit powers up. The process of physically loading the SRAM data into the device is called configuration. During initialization, which occurs immediately after configuration, the device resets registers, enables I/O pins, and begins to operate as a logic device. You can use the 10MHz internal oscillator or the optional CLKUSR pin during the initialization. The 10 MHz internal oscillator is disabled in user mode. Together, the configuration and initialization processes are called command mode. Normal device operation is called user mode. 3–5 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Configuration Schemes SRAM configuration elements allow Cyclone II devices to be reconfigured in-circuit by loading new configuration data into the device. With real-time reconfiguration, the device is forced into command mode with the nCONFIG pin. The configuration process loads different configuration data, reinitializes the device, and resumes user-mode operation. You can perform in-field upgrades by distributing new configuration files within the system or remotely. A built-in weak pull-up resistor pulls all user I/O pins to VCCIO before and during device configuration. The configuration pins support 1.5-V/1.8-V or 2.5-V/3.3-V I/O standards. The voltage level of the configuration output pins is determined by the VCCIO of the bank where the pins reside. The bank VCCIO selects whether the configuration inputs are 1.5-V, 1.8-V, 2.5-V, or 3.3-V compatible. Configuration Schemes You can load the configuration data for a Cyclone II device with one of three configuration schemes (see Table 3–4), chosen on the basis of the target application. You can use a configuration device, intelligent controller, or the JTAG port to configure a Cyclone II device. A low-cost configuration device can automatically configure a Cyclone II device at system power-up. Multiple Cyclone II devices can be configured in any of the three configuration schemes by connecting the configuration enable (nCE) and configuration enable output (nCEO) pins on each device. Table 3–4. Data Sources for Configuration Configuration Scheme Data Source Active serial (AS) Low-cost serial configuration device Passive serial (PS) Enhanced or EPC2 configuration device, MasterBlaster, ByteBlasterMV, ByteBlaster II or USB Blaster download cable, or serial data source JTAG MasterBlaster, ByteBlasterMV, ByteBlaster II or USB Blaster download cable or a microprocessor with a Jam or JBC file f For more information on configuration, see the Configuring Cyclone II Devices chapter of the Cyclone II Handbook, Volume 2. 3–6 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Configuration & Testing Cyclone II Automated Single Event Upset Detection Cyclone II devices offer on-chip circuitry for automated checking of single event upset (SEU) detection. Some applications that require the device to operate error free at high elevations or in close proximity to earth’s North or South Pole require periodic checks to ensure continued data integrity. The error detection cyclic redundancy code (CRC) feature controlled by the Device & Pin Options dialog box in the Quartus II software uses a 32-bit CRC circuit to ensure data reliability and is one of the best options for mitigating SEU. You can implement the error detection CRC feature with existing circuitry in Cyclone II devices, eliminating the need for external logic. For Cyclone II devices, the CRC is pre-computed by Quartus II software and then sent to the device as part of the POF file header. The CRC_ERROR pin reports a soft error when configuration SRAM data is corrupted, indicating to the user to preform a device reconfiguration. Custom-Built Circuitry Dedicated circuitry in the Cyclone II devices performs error detection automatically. This error detection circuitry in Cyclone II devices constantly checks for errors in the configuration SRAM cells while the device is in user mode. You can monitor one external pin for the error and use it to trigger a re-configuration cycle. You can select the desired time between checks by adjusting a built-in clock divider. Software Interface In the Quartus II software version 4.1 and later, you can turn on the automated error detection CRC feature in the Device & Pin Options dialog box. This dialog box allows you to enable the feature and set the internal frequency of the CRC checker between 400 kHz to 80 MHz. This controls the rate that the CRC circuitry verifies the internal configuration SRAM bits in the FPGA device. f Altera Corporation February 2007 For more information on CRC, refer to AN: 357 Error Detection Using CRC in Altera FPGAs. 3–7 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Document Revision History Document Revision History Table 3–5 shows the revision history for this document. Table 3–5. Document Revision History Date & Document Version February 2007 v2.2 Changes Made ● ● ● Added document revision history. Added new handpara nore in “IEEE Std. 1149.1 (JTAG) Boundary Scan Support” section. Updated “Cyclone II Automated Single Event Upset Detection” section. July 2005 v2.0 Updated technical content. February 2005 v1.2 Updated information on JTAG chain limitations. Summary of Changes ● ● Added information about limitation of cascading multi devices in the same JTAG chain. Corrected information on CRC calculation. November 2004 Updated Table 3–4. v1.1 June 2004 v1.0 Added document to the Cyclone II Device Handbook. 3–8 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 4. Hot Socketing & Power-On Reset CII51004-3.1 Introduction Cyclone® II devices offer hot socketing (also known as hot plug-in, hot insertion, or hot swap) and power sequencing support without the use of any external devices. You can insert or remove a Cyclone II board in a system during system operation without causing undesirable effects to the board or to the running system bus. The hot-socketing feature lessens the board design difficulty when using Cyclone II devices on printed circuit boards (PCBs) that also contain a mixture of 3.3-, 2.5-, 1.8-, and 1.5-V devices. With the Cyclone II hot-socketing feature, you no longer need to ensure a proper power-up sequence for each device on the board. The Cyclone II hot-socketing feature provides: ■ ■ ■ Board or device insertion and removal without external components or board manipulation Support for any power-up sequence Non-intrusive I/O buffers to system buses during hot insertion This chapter also discusses the power-on reset (POR) circuitry in Cyclone II devices. The POR circuitry keeps the devices in the reset state until the VCC is within operating range. Cyclone II Hot-Socketing Specifications Cyclone II devices offer hot-socketing capability with all three features listed above without any external components or special design requirements. The hot-socketing feature in Cyclone II devices offers the following: ■ ■ Altera Corporation February 2007 The device can be driven before power-up without any damage to the device itself. I/O pins remain tri-stated during power-up. The device does not drive out before or during power-up, thereby affecting other buses in operation. 4–1 Cyclone II Hot-Socketing Specifications Devices Can Be Driven before Power-Up You can drive signals into the I/O pins, dedicated input pins, and dedicated clock pins of Cyclone II devices before or during power-up or power-down without damaging the device. Cyclone II devices support any power-up or power-down sequence (VCCIO and VCCINT) to simplify system level design. I/O Pins Remain Tri-Stated during Power-Up A device that does not support hot socketing may interrupt system operation or cause contention by driving out before or during power-up. In a hot-socketing situation, the Cyclone II device’s output buffers are turned off during system power-up or power-down. The Cyclone II device also does not drive out until the device is configured and has attained proper operating conditions. The I/O pins are tri-stated until the device enters user mode with a weak pull-up resistor (R) to 3.3V. Refer to Figure 4–1 for more information. 1 ■ ■ You can power up or power down the VCCIO and VCCINT pins in any sequence. The VCCIO and VCCINT must have monotonic rise to their steady state levels. (Refer to Figure 4–3 for more information.) The power supply ramp rates can range from 100 µs to 100 ms for non “A” devices. Both VCC supplies must power down within 100 ms of each other to prevent I/O pins from driving out. During hot socketing, the I/O pin capacitance is less than 15 pF and the clock pin capacitance is less than 20 pF. Cyclone II devices meet the following hot-socketing specification. The hot-socketing DC specification is | IIOPIN | < 300 µA. The hot-socketing AC specification is | IIOPIN | < 8 mA for 10 ns or less. This specification takes into account the pin capacitance but not board trace and external loading capacitance. You must consider additional capacitance for trace, connector, and loading separately. IIOPIN is the current at any user I/O pin on the device. The DC specification applies when all VCC supplies to the device are stable in the powered-up or powered-down conditions. For the AC specification, the peak current duration due to power-up transients is 10 ns or less. A possible concern for semiconductor devices in general regarding hot socketing is the potential for latch-up. Latch-up can occur when electrical subsystems are hot socketed into an active system. During hot socketing, the signal pins may be connected and driven by the active system before 4–2 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Hot Socketing & Power-On Reset the power supply can provide current to the device’s VCC and ground planes. This condition can lead to latch-up and cause a low-impedance path from VCC to ground within the device. As a result, the device extends a large amount of current, possibly causing electrical damage. Altera has ensured by design of the I/O buffers and hot-socketing circuitry, that Cyclone II devices are immune to latch-up during hot socketing. Hot-Socketing Feature Implementation in Cyclone II Devices The hot-socketing feature turns off the output buffer during power up (either VCCINT or VCCIO supplies) or power down. The hot-socket circuit generates an internal HOTSCKT signal when either VCCINT or VCCIO is below the threshold voltage. Designs cannot use the HOTSCKT signal for other purposes. The HOTSCKT signal cuts off the output buffer to ensure that no DC current (except for weak pull-up leakage current) leaks through the pin. When VCC ramps up slowly, VCC is still relatively low even after the internal POR signal (not available to the FPGA fabric used by customer designs) is released and the configuration is finished. The CONF_DONE, nCEO, and nSTATUS pins fail to respond, as the output buffer cannot drive out because the hot-socketing circuitry keeps the I/O pins tristated at this low VCC voltage. Therefore, the hot-socketing circuit has been removed on these configuration output or bidirectional pins to ensure that they are able to operate during configuration. These pins are expected to drive out during power-up and power-down sequences. Each I/O pin has the circuitry shown in Figure 4–1. Altera Corporation February 2007 4–3 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Hot-Socketing Feature Implementation in Cyclone II Devices Figure 4–1. Hot-Socketing Circuit Block Diagram for Cyclone II Devices Power-On Reset Monitor Output Weak Pull-Up Resistor R Output Enable Voltage Tolerance Control PAD Hot Socket Output Pre-Driver Input Buffer to Logic Array The POR circuit monitors VCCINT voltage level and keeps I/O pins tri-stated until the device is in user mode. The weak pull-up resistor (R) from the I/O pin to VCCIO keeps the I/O pins from floating. The voltage tolerance control circuit permits the I/O pins to be driven by 3.3 V before VCCIO and/or VCCINT are powered, and it prevents the I/O pins from driving out when the device is not in user mode. f For more information, see the DC Characteristics & Timing Specifications chapter in Volume 1 of the Cyclone II Device Handbook for the value of the internal weak pull-up resistors. Figure 4–2 shows a transistor level cross section of the Cyclone II device I/O buffers. This design ensures that the output buffers do not drive when VCCIO is powered before VCCINT or if the I/O pad voltage is higher than VCCIO. This also applies for sudden voltage spikes during hot socketing. The VPAD leakage current charges the voltage tolerance control circuit capacitance. 4–4 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Hot Socketing & Power-On Reset Figure 4–2. Transistor Level Diagram of FPGA Device I/O Buffers VPAD Logic Array Signal (1) (2) VCCIO n+ n+ p+ p+ n+ n-well p-well p-substrate Notes to Figure 4–2: (1) (2) Power-On Reset Circuitry This is the logic array signal or the larger of either the VCCIO or VPAD signal. This is the larger of either the VCCIO or VPAD signal. Cyclone II devices contain POR circuitry to keep the device in a reset state until the power supply voltage levels have stabilized during power-up. The POR circuit monitors the VCCINT voltage levels and tri-states all user I/O pins until the VCC reaches the recommended operating levels. In addition, the POR circuitry also monitors the VCCIO level of the two I/O banks that contains configuration pins (I/O banks 1 and 3 for EP2C5 and EP2C8, I/O banks 2 and 6 for EP2C15A, EP2C20, EP2C35, EP2C50, and EP2C70) and tri-states all user I/O pins until the VCC reaches the recommended operating levels. After the Cyclone II device enters user mode, the POR circuit continues to monitor the VCCINT voltage level so that a brown-out condition during user mode can be detected. If the VCCINT voltage sags below the POR trip point during user mode, the POR circuit resets the device. If the VCCIO voltage sags during user mode, the POR circuit does not reset the device. "Wake-up" Time for Cyclone II Devices In some applications, it may be necessary for a device to wake up very quickly in order to begin operation. The Cyclone II device family offers the Fast-On feature to support fast wake-up time applications. Devices that support the Fast-On feature are designated with an “A” in the ordering code and have stricter power up requirements compared to nonA devices. Altera Corporation February 2007 4–5 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Power-On Reset Circuitry For Cyclone II devices, wake-up time consists of power-up, POR, configuration, and initialization. The device must properly go through all four stages to configure correctly and begin operation. You can calculate wake-up time using the following equation: Wake-Up Time = VCC Ramp Time + POR Time + Configuration Time + Initialization Time Figure 4–3 illustrates the components of wake up time. Figure 4–3. Cyclone II Wake-Up Time Voltage VCC Minimum Time VCC Ramp Time POR Time Configuration Time Initialization Time User Mode Note to Figure 4–3: (1) VCC ramp must be monotonic. The VCC ramp time and POR time will depend on the device characteristics and the power supply used in your system. The fast-on devices require a maximum VCC ramp time of 2 ms and have a maximum POR time of 12 ms. Configuration time will depend on the configuration mode chosen and the configuration file size. You can calculate configuration time by multiplying the number of bits in the configuration file with the period of the configuration clock. For fast configuration times, you should use Passive Serial (PS) configuration mode with maximum DCLK frequency of 100 MHz. In addition, you can use compression to reduce the configuration file size and speed up the configuration time. The tCD2UM or tCD2UMC parameters will determine the initialization time. 1 For more information on the tCD2UM or tCD2UMC parameters, refer to the Configuring Cyclone II Devices chapter in the Cyclone II Device Handbook. 4–6 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Hot Socketing & Power-On Reset If you cannot meet the maximum VCC ramp time requirement, you must use an external component to hold nCONFIG low until the power supplies have reached their minimum recommend operating levels. Otherwise, the device may not properly configure and enter user mode. Conclusion Cyclone II devices are hot socketable and support all power-up and power-down sequences with the one requirement that VCCIO and VCCINT be powered up and down within 100 ms of each other to keep the I/O pins from driving out. Cyclone II devices do not require any external devices for hot socketing and power sequencing. Document Revision History Table 4–1 shows the revision history for this document. Table 4–1. Document Revision History Date & Document Version February 2007 v3.1 Changes Made ● ● ● ● Summary of Changes Added document revision history. Updated “I/O Pins Remain Tri-Stated during Power-Up” section. Updated “Power-On Reset Circuitry” section. Added footnote to Figure 4–3. ● ● ● July 2005 v2.0 Updated technical content throughout. February 2005 v1.1 Removed ESD section. June 2004 v1.0 Added document to the Cyclone II Device Handbook. Altera Corporation February 2007 Specified VCCIO and VCCINT supplies must be GND when "not powered". Added clarification about input-tristate behavior. Added infomation on VCC monotonic ramp. 4–7 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Document Revision History 4–8 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 5. DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications CII51005-4.0 Operating Conditions Cyclone® II devices are offered in commercial, industrial, automotive, and extended temperature grades. Commercial devices are offered in –6 (fastest), –7, and –8 speed grades. All parameter limits are representative of worst-case supply voltage and junction temperature conditions. Unless otherwise noted, the parameter values in this chapter apply to all Cyclone II devices. AC and DC characteristics are specified using the same numbers for commercial, industrial, and automotive grades. All parameters representing voltages are measured with respect to ground. Tables 5–1 through 5–4 provide information on absolute maximum ratings. Table 5–1. Cyclone II Device Absolute Maximum Ratings Symbol Parameter VCCINT Supply voltage VCCIO Output supply voltage Notes (1), (2) Conditions With respect to ground VCCA_PLL [1..4] PLL supply voltage VIN DC input voltage (3) — IOUT DC output current, per pin TSTG Storage temperature No bias TJ Junction temperature BGA packages under bias — Minimum Maximum Unit –0.5 1.8 V –0.5 4.6 V –0.5 1.8 V –0.5 4.6 V –25 40 mA –65 150 °C — 125 °C Notes to Table 5–1: (1) (2) (3) Conditions beyond those listed in this table cause permanent damage to a device. These are stress ratings only. Functional operation at these levels or any other conditions beyond those specified in this chapter is not implied. Additionally, device operation at the absolute maximum ratings for extended periods of time may have adverse effect on the device reliability. Refer to the Operating Requirements for Altera Devices Data Sheet for more information. During transitions, the inputs may overshoot to the voltage shown in Table 5–4 based upon the input duty cycle. The DC case is equivalent to 100% duty cycle. During transition, the inputs may undershoot to –2.0 V for input currents less than 100 mA and periods shorter than 20 ns. Altera Corporation February 2008 5–1 Operating Conditions Table 5–2 specifies the recommended operating conditions for Cyclone II devices. It shows the allowed voltage ranges for VCCINT, VCCIO, and the operating junction temperature (TJ). The LVTTL and LVCMOS inputs are powered by VCCIO only. The LVDS and LVPECL input buffers on dedicated clock pins are powered by VCCINT. The SSTL, HSTL, LVDS input buffers are powered by both VCCINT and VCCIO. Table 5–2. Recommended Operating Conditions Conditions Minimum Maximum Unit VCCINT Symbol Supply voltage for internal logic and input buffers (1) 1.15 1.25 V VCCIO (2) Supply voltage for output buffers, 3.3-V operation (1) 3.135 (3.00) 3.465 (3.60) (3) V Supply voltage for output buffers, 2.5-V operation (1) 2.375 2.625 V Supply voltage for output buffers, 1.8-V operation (1) 1.71 1.89 V Supply voltage for output buffers, 1.5-V operation (1) 1.425 1.575 V TJ Parameter Operating junction temperature For commercial use 0 85 °C For industrial use –40 100 °C For extended temperature use –40 125 °C For automotive use –40 125 °C Notes to Table 5–2: (1) (2) (3) The VCC must rise monotonically. The maximum VCC (both VCCIO and VCCINT) rise time is 100 ms for non-A devices and 2 ms for A devices. The VCCIO range given here spans the lowest and highest operating voltages of all supported I/O standards. The recommended VCCIO range specific to each of the single-ended I/O standards is given in Table 5–6, and those specific to the differential standards is given in Table 5–8. The minimum and maximum values of 3.0 V and 3.6 V, respectively, for VCCIO only applies to the PCI and PCI-X I/O standards. Refer to Table 5–6 for the voltage range of other I/O standards. 5–2 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–3. DC Characteristics for User I/O, Dual-Purpose, and Dedicated Pins (Part 1 of 2) Symbol Parameter Conditions (1), (2) VIN Input voltage Ii Input pin leakage current VOUT Output voltage IOZ Tri-stated I/O pin leakage current VOUT = VCCIOmax to 0 V (3) IC C I N T 0 VCCINT supply current (standby) VIN = ground, no load, no toggling inputs TJ = 25° C Nominal VC C I N T IC C I O 0 Altera Corporation February 2008 –0.5 — 4.0 V –10 — 10 μA 0 — VC C I O V –10 — 10 μA EP2C5/A — 0.010 (4) A EP2C8/A — 0.017 (4) A VIN = VCCIOmax to 0 V (3) — VCCIO supply current VIN = ground, (standby) no load, no toggling inputs TJ = 25° C VC C I O = 2.5 V Minimum Typical Maximum Unit EP2C15A — 0.037 (4) A EP2C20/A — 0.037 (4) A EP2C35 — 0.066 (4) A EP2C50 — 0.101 (4) A EP2C70 — 0.141 (4) A EP2C5/A — 0.7 (4) mA EP2C8/A — 0.8 (4) mA EP2C15A — 0.9 (4) mA EP2C20/A — 0.9 (4) mA EP2C35 — 1.3 (4) mA EP2C50 — 1.3 (4) mA EP2C70 — 1.7 (4) mA 5–3 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Operating Conditions Table 5–3. DC Characteristics for User I/O, Dual-Purpose, and Dedicated Pins (Part 2 of 2) Symbol RCONF (5) (6) Parameter Conditions Value of I/O pin pull-up resistor before and during configuration Minimum Typical Maximum Unit VIN = 0 V; VCCIO = 3.3 V 10 25 50 kΩ VIN = 0 V; VCCIO = 2.5 V 15 35 70 kΩ VIN = 0 V; VCCIO = 1.8 V 30 50 100 kΩ VIN = 0 V; VCCIO = 1.5 V 40 75 150 kΩ VIN = 0 V; VCCIO = 1.2 V 50 90 170 kΩ — 1 2 kΩ (7) Recommended value of I/O pin external pull-down resistor before and during configuration Notes to Table 5–3: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) All pins, including dedicated inputs, clock, I/O, and JTAG pins, may be driven before VCCINT and VCCIO are powered. The minimum DC input is –0.5 V. During transitions, the inputs may undershoot to –2.0 V or overshoot to the voltages shown in Table 5–4, based on input duty cycle for input currents less than 100 mA. The overshoot is dependent upon duty cycle of the signal. The DC case is equivalent to 100% duty cycle. This value is specified for normal device operation. The value may vary during power-up. This applies for all VCCIO settings (3.3, 2.5, 1.8, and 1.5 V). Maximum values depend on the actual TJ and design utilization. See the Excel-based PowerPlay Early Power Estimator (www.altera.com) or the Quartus II PowerPlay Power Analyzer feature for maximum values. Refer to “Power Consumption” on page 5–13 for more information. RCONF values are based on characterization. RCONF = VCCIO/IRCONF. RCONF values may be different if VIN value is not 0 V. Pin pull-up resistance values will be lower if an external source drives the pin higher than VCCIO. Minimum condition at –40°C and high VCC, typical condition at 25°C and nominal VCC and maximum condition at 125°C and low VCC for RCONF values. These values apply to all VCCIO settings. Table 5–4 shows the maximum VIN overshoot voltage and the dependency on the duty cycle of the input signal. Refer to Table 5–3 for more information. Table 5–4. VIN Overshoot Voltage for All Input Buffers 5–4 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Maximum VIN (V) Input Signal Duty Cycle 4.0 100% (DC) 4.1 90% 4.2 50% 4.3 30% 4.4 17% 4.5 10% Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Single-Ended I/O Standards Tables 5–6 and 5–7 provide operating condition information when using single-ended I/O standards with Cyclone II devices. Table 5–5 provides descriptions for the voltage and current symbols used in Tables 5–6 and 5–7. Table 5–5. Voltage and Current Symbol Definitions Symbol Definition VC C I O Supply voltage for single-ended inputs and for output drivers VR E F Reference voltage for setting the input switching threshold VI L Input voltage that indicates a low logic level VI H Input voltage that indicates a high logic level VO L Output voltage that indicates a low logic level VO H Output voltage that indicates a high logic level IO L Output current condition under which VO L is tested IO H Output current condition under which VO H is tested VT T Voltage applied to a resistor termination as specified by HSTL and SSTL standards Table 5–6. Recommended Operating Conditions for User I/O Pins Using Single-Ended I/O Standards Note (1) (Part 1 of 2) VCCIO (V) I/O Standard VREF (V) VIL (V) VIH (V) Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Max Min 3.3-V LVTTL and LVCMOS 3.135 3.3 3.465 — — — 0.8 1.7 2.5-V LVTTL and LVCMOS 2.375 2.5 2.625 — — — 0.7 1.7 1.8-V LVTTL and LVCMOS 1.710 1.8 1.890 — — — 0.35 × VC C I O 0.65 × VC C I O 1.5-V LVCMOS 1.425 1.5 1.575 — — — 0.35 × VC C I O 0.65 × VC C I O PCI and PCI-X 3.000 3.3 3.600 — — — 0.3 × VC C I O 0.5 × VC C I O SSTL-2 class I 2.375 2.5 2.625 1.19 1.25 1.31 VR E F – 0.18 (DC) VR E F – 0.35 (AC) VR E F + 0.18 (DC) VR E F + 0.35 (AC) SSTL-2 class II 2.375 2.5 2.625 1.19 1.25 1.31 VR E F – 0.18 (DC) VR E F – 0.35 (AC) VR E F + 0.18 (DC) VR E F + 0.35 (AC) SSTL-18 class I 1.7 1.8 1.9 0.833 0.9 0.969 VR E F – 0.125 (DC) VR E F + 0.125 (DC) VR E F – 0.25 (AC) VR E F + 0.25 (AC) Altera Corporation February 2008 5–5 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Operating Conditions Table 5–6. Recommended Operating Conditions for User I/O Pins Using Single-Ended I/O Standards Note (1) (Part 2 of 2) VCCIO (V) I/O Standard VREF (V) VIL (V) VIH (V) Max Min Min Typ Max Min Typ Max SSTL-18 class II 1.7 1.8 1.9 0.833 0.9 0.969 1.8-V HSTL class I 1.71 1.8 1.89 0.85 0.9 0.95 VR E F – 0.1 (DC) VR E F – 0.2 (AC) VR E F + 0.1 (DC) VR E F + 0.2 (AC) 1.8-V HSTL class II 1.71 1.8 1.89 0.85 0.9 0.95 VR E F – 0.1 (DC) VR E F – 0.2 (AC) VR E F + 0.1 (DC) VR E F + 0.2 (AC) 1.5-V HSTL class I 1.425 1.5 1.575 0.71 0.75 0.79 VR E F – 0.1 (DC) VR E F – 0.2 (AC) VR E F + 0.1 (DC) VR E F + 0.2 (AC) 1.5-V HSTL class II 1.425 1.5 1.575 0.71 0.75 0.79 VR E F – 0.1 (DC) VR E F – 0.2 (AC) VR E F + 0.1 (DC) VR E F + 0.2 (AC) VR E F – 0.125 (DC) VR E F + 0.125 (DC) VR E F – 0.25 (AC) VR E F + 0.25 (AC) Note to Table 5–6: (1) Nominal values (Nom) are for TA = 25° C, VCCINT = 1.2 V, and VCCIO = 1.5, 1.8, 2.5, and 3.3 V. Table 5–7. DC Characteristics of User I/O Pins Using Single-Ended Standards Notes (1), (2) (Part 1 of 2) Test Conditions Voltage Thresholds I/O Standard IOL (mA) 3.3-V LVTTL IOH (mA) Maximum VOL (V) Minimum VOH (V) 4 –4 0.45 2.4 0.1 –0.1 0.2 VC C I O – 0.2 2.5-V LVTTL and LVCMOS 1 –1 0.4 2.0 1.8-V LVTTL and LVCMOS 2 –2 0.45 VC C I O – 0.45 1.5-V LVTTL and LVCMOS 2 –2 0.25 × VC C I O 0.75 × VC C I O 1.5 –0.5 0.1 × VC C I O 0.9 × VC C I O 3.3-V LVCMOS PCI and PCI-X SSTL-2 class I 8.1 –8.1 VTT – 0.57 VTT + 0.57 SSTL-2 class II 16.4 –16.4 VTT – 0.76 VTT + 0.76 SSTL-18 class I 6.7 –6.7 VTT – 0.475 VTT + 0.475 SSTL-18 class II 13.4 –13.4 0.28 VC C I O – 0.28 1.8-V HSTL class I 8 –8 0.4 VC C I O – 0.4 1.8-V HSTL class II 16 –16 0.4 VC C I O – 0.4 5–6 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–7. DC Characteristics of User I/O Pins Using Single-Ended Standards Notes (1), (2) (Part 2 of 2) Test Conditions Voltage Thresholds I/O Standard IOL (mA) IOH (mA) Maximum VOL (V) Minimum VOH (V) 1.5-V HSTL class I 8 –8 0.4 VC C I O – 0.4 1.5V HSTL class II 16 –16 0.4 VC C I O – 0.4 Notes to Table 5–7: (1) (2) The values in this table are based on the conditions listed in Tables 5–2 and 5–6. This specification is supported across all the programmable drive settings available as shown in the Cyclone II Architecture chapter of the Cyclone II Device Handbook. Differential I/O Standards The RSDS and mini-LVDS I/O standards are only supported on output pins. The LVDS I/O standard is supported on both receiver input pins and transmitter output pins. 1 For more information on how these differential I/O standards are implemented, refer to the High-Speed Differential Interfaces in Cyclone II Devices chapter of the Cyclone II Device Handbook. Figure 5–1 shows the receiver input waveforms for all differential I/O standards (LVDS, LVPECL, differential 1.5-V HSTL class I and II, differential 1.8-V HSTL class I and II, differential SSTL-2 class I and II, and differential SSTL-18 class I and II). Altera Corporation February 2008 5–7 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Operating Conditions Figure 5–1. Receiver Input Waveforms for Differential I/O Standards Single-Ended Waveform Positive Channel (p) = VIH VID (1) Negative Channel (n) = VIL VICM (2) Ground Differential Waveform (Mathematical Function of Positive and Negative Channel) VID (1) 0V VID (1) p − n (3) Notes to Figure 5–1: (1) (2) (3) VID is the differential input voltage. VID = |p – n|. VICM is the input common mode voltage. VICM = (p + n)/2. The p – n waveform is a function of the positive channel (p) and the negative channel (n). 5–8 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–8 shows the recommended operating conditions for user I/O pins with differential I/O standards. Table 5–8. Recommended Operating Conditions for User I/O Pins Using Differential Signal I/O Standards I/O Standard VCCIO (V) VID (V) (1) VICM (V) VIL (V) VIH (V) Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Max Min Max LVDS 2.375 2.5 2.625 0.1 — 0.65 0.1 — 2.0 — — — — Mini-LVDS (2) 2.375 2.5 2.625 — — — — — — — — — — RSDS (2) 2.375 2.5 2.625 — — — — — — — — — — LVPECL (3) (6) 3.135 3.3 3.465 0.1 0.6 0.95 — — — 0 2.2 2.1 2.88 Differential 1.425 1.5-V HSTL class I and II (4) 1.5 1.575 0.2 — VC C I O + 0.6 0.68 — 0.9 — VR E F VR E F – 0.20 + 0.20 — Differential 1.8-V HSTL class I and II (4) 1.71 1.8 1.89 — — — — — — — VR E F VR E F – 0.20 + 0.20 — Differential SSTL-2 class I and II (5) 2.375 2.5 2.625 0.36 Differential SSTL-18 class I and II (5) 1.7 1.8 1.9 0.25 — VC C I O 0.5 × 0.5 × + 0.6 VC C I O VC C I O – 0.2 0.5 × VC C I O + 0.2 — VR E F VR E F – 0.35 + 0.35 — — VC C I O 0.5 × 0.5 × + 0.6 VC C I O VC C I O – 0.2 0.5 × VC C I O + 0.2 — VR E F VR E F – 0.25 + 0.25 — Notes to Table 5–8: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Refer to the High-Speed Differential Interfaces in Cyclone II Devices chapter of the Cyclone II Device Handbook for measurement conditions on VID. The RSDS and mini-LVDS I/O standards are only supported on output pins. The LVPECL I/O standard is only supported on clock input pins. This I/O standard is not supported on output pins. The differential 1.8-V and 1.5-V HSTL I/O standards are only supported on clock input pins and PLL output clock pins. The differential SSTL-18 and SSTL-2 I/O standards are only supported on clock input pins and PLL output clock pins. The LVPECL clock inputs are powered by VCCINT and support all VCCIO settings. However, it is recommended to connect VCCIO to typical value of 3.3V. Altera Corporation February 2008 5–9 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Operating Conditions Figure 5–2 shows the transmitter output waveforms for all supported differential output standards (LVDS, mini-LVDS, RSDS, differential 1.5-V HSTL class I and II, differential 1.8-V HSTL class I and II, differential SSTL-2 class I and II, and differential SSTL-18 class I and II). Figure 5–2. Transmitter Output Waveforms for Differential I/O Standards Single-Ended Waveform Positive Channel (p) = VOH VOD (1) Negative Channel (n) = VOL VOCM (2) Ground Differential Waveform (Mathematical Function of Positive and Negative Channel) VOD (1) 0V VOD (1) p − n (3) Notes to Figure 5–2: (1) (2) (3) VOD is the output differential voltage. VOD = |p – n|. VOCM is the output common mode voltage. VOCM = (p + n)/2. The p – n waveform is a function of the positive channel (p) and the negative channel (n). Table 5–9 shows the DC characteristics for user I/O pins with differential I/O standards. Table 5–9. DC Characteristics for User I/O Pins Using Differential I/O Standards Note (1) (Part 1 of 2) ΔVOD (mV) VOD (mV) I/O Standard Min Typ Max LVDS 250 — 600 — mini-LVDS (2) 300 — 600 RSDS (2) 100 — 600 — — — Differential 1.5-V HSTL class I and II (3) 5–10 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Min Max VOCM (V) VOH (V) VOL (V) Min Typ Max Min Max Min Max 50 1.125 1.25 1.375 — — — — — 50 1.125 1.25 1.375 — — — — — — 1.125 1.25 1.375 — — — — — — — — — VC C I O – 0.4 — — 0.4 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–9. DC Characteristics for User I/O Pins Using Differential I/O Standards Note (1) (Part 2 of 2) ΔVOD (mV) VOD (mV) I/O Standard Min Typ Max Min Max Differential 1.8-V HSTL class I and II (3) — — — — Differential SSTL-2 class I (4) — — — Differential SSTL-2 class II (4) — — Differential SSTL-18 class I (4) — Differential SSTL-18 class II (4) — VOCM (V) VOH (V) VOL (V) Min Typ Max Min Max Min Max — — — — VC C I O – 0.4 — — 0.4 — — — — — VT T + 0.57 — — VT T – 0.57 — — — — — — VT T + 0.76 — — VT T – 0.76 — — — — 0.5 × VC C I O – 0.125 0.5 × VC C I O 0.5 × VC C I O + 0.125 VT T + 0.475 — — VT T – 0.475 — — — — 0.5 × VC C I O – 0.125 0.5 × VC C I O 0.5 × VC C I O + 0.125 VC C I O – 0.28 — — 0.28 Notes to Table 5–9: (1) (2) (3) (4) The LVPECL I/O standard is only supported on clock input pins. This I/O standard is not supported on output pins. The RSDS and mini-LVDS I/O standards are only supported on output pins. The differential 1.8-V HSTL and differential 1.5-V HSTL I/O standards are only supported on clock input pins and PLL output clock pins. The differential SSTL-18 and SSTL-2 I/O standards are only supported on clock input pins and PLL output clock pins. DC Characteristics for Different Pin Types Altera Corporation February 2008 Table 5–10 shows the types of pins that support bus hold circuitry. Table 5–10. Bus Hold Support Pin Type Bus Hold I/O pins using single-ended I/O standards Yes I/O pins using differential I/O standards No Dedicated clock pins No JTAG No Configuration pins No 5–11 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 DC Characteristics for Different Pin Types Table 5–11 specifies the bus hold parameters for general I/O pins. Table 5–11. Bus Hold Parameters Note (1) VCCIO Level Parameter Conditions 1.8 V 2.5 V Unit 3.3 V Min Max Min Max Min Max Bus-hold low, sustaining current VI N > VI L (maximum) 30 — 50 — 70 — μA Bus-hold high, sustaining current VI N < VI L (minimum) –30 — –50 — –70 — μA Bus-hold low, overdrive current 0 V < VI N < V C C I O — 200 — 300 — 500 μA Bus-hold high, overdrive current 0 V < VI N < V C C I O — –200 — –300 — –500 μA — 0.68 1.07 0.7 1.7 0.8 2.0 V Bus-hold trip point (2) Notes to Table 5–11: (1) (2) There is no specification for bus-hold at VCCIO = 1.5 V for the HSTL I/O standard. The bus-hold trip points are based on calculated input voltages from the JEDEC standard. On-Chip Termination Specifications Table 5–12 defines the specifications for internal termination resistance tolerance when using series or differential on-chip termination. Table 5–12. Series On-Chip Termination Specifications Resistance Tolerance Symbol Description Conditions Extended/ Commercial Industrial Automotive Max Max Temp Max Unit 25-Ω RS Internal series termination without VC C I O = 3.3V calibration (25-Ω setting) ±30 ±30 ±40 % 50-Ω RS Internal series termination without VC C I O = 2.5V calibration (50-Ω setting) ±30 ±30 ±40 % 50-Ω RS Internal series termination without VC C I O = 1.8V calibration (50-Ω setting) ±30 (1) ±40 ±50 % Note to Table 5–12: (1) For commercial –8 devices, the tolerance is ±40%. 5–12 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–13 shows the Cyclone II device pin capacitance for different I/O pin types. Table 5–13. Device Capacitance Note (1) Symbol Parameter Typical Unit CI O Input capacitance for user I/O pin. 6 pF CL V D S Input capacitance for dual-purpose LVDS/user I/O pin. 6 pF CV R E F Input capacitance for dual-purpose VREF pin when used as VREF or user I/O pin. 21 pF CC L K Input capacitance for clock pin. 5 pF Note to Table 5–13: (1) Power Consumption Capacitance is sample-tested only. Capacitance is measured using time-domain reflectometry (TDR). Measurement accuracy is within ±0.5 pF. You can calculate the power usage for your design using the PowerPlay Early Power Estimator and the PowerPlay Power Analyzer feature in the Quartus® II software. The interactive PowerPlay Early Power Estimator is typically used during the early stages of FPGA design, prior to finalizing the project, to get a magnitude estimate of the device power. The Quartus II software PowerPlay Power Analyzer feature is typically used during the later stages of FPGA design. The PowerPlay Power Analyzer also allows you to apply test vectors against your design for more accurate power consumption modeling. In both cases, only use these calculations as an estimation of power, not as a specification. For more information on PowerPlay tools, refer to the PowerPlay Early Power Estimator User Guide and the Power Estimation and Analysis section in volume 3 of the Quartus II Handbook. 1 You can obtain the Excel-based PowerPlay Early Power Estimator at www.altera.com. Refer to Table 5–3 on page 5–3 for typical ICC standby specifications. The power-up current required by Cyclone II devices does not exceed the maximum static current. The rate at which the current increases is a function of the system power supply. The exact amount of current consumed varies according to the process, temperature, and power ramp rate. The duration of the ICCINT power-up requirement depends on the VCCINT voltage supply rise time. Altera Corporation February 2008 5–13 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications You should select power supplies and regulators that can supply the amount of current required when designing with Cyclone II devices. Altera recommends using the Cyclone II PowerPlay Early Power Estimator to estimate the user-mode ICCINT consumption and then select power supplies or regulators based on the values obtained. Timing Specifications The DirectDrive™ technology and MultiTrack™ interconnect ensure predictable performance, accurate simulation, and accurate timing analysis across all Cyclone II device densities and speed grades. This section describes and specifies the performance, internal, external, high-speed I/O, JTAG, and PLL timing specifications. This section shows the timing models for Cyclone II devices. Commercial devices meet this timing over the commercial temperature range. Industrial devices meet this timing over the industrial temperature range. Automotive devices meet this timing over the automotive temperature range. Extended devices meet this timing over the extended temperature range. All specifications are representative of worst-case supply voltage and junction temperature conditions. Preliminary and Final Timing Specifications Timing models can have either preliminary or final status. The Quartus II software issues an informational message during the design compilation if the timing models are preliminary. Table 5–14 shows the status of the Cyclone II device timing models. Preliminary status means the timing model is subject to change. Initially, timing numbers are created using simulation results, process data, and other known parameters. These tests are used to make the preliminary numbers as close to the actual timing parameters as possible. 5–14 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Final timing numbers are based on actual device operation and testing. These numbers reflect the actual performance of the device under worst-case voltage and junction temperature conditions. Table 5–14. Cyclone II Device Timing Model Status Device Speed Grade Preliminary Final Commercial/Industrial — v Automotive v — Commercial/Industrial — v Automotive v — Commercial/Industrial — v Automotive v — Commercial/Industrial — v Automotive v — EP2C35 Commercial/Industrial — v EP2C50 Commercial/Industrial — v EP2C70 Commercial/Industrial — v EP2C5/A EP2C8/A EP2C15A EP2C20/A Performance Table 5–15 shows Cyclone II performance for some common designs. All performance values were obtained with Quartus II software compilation of LPM, or MegaCore functions for the FIR and FFT designs. Table 5–15. Cyclone II Performance (Part 1 of 4) Resources Used Applications LEs LE Performance (MHz) M4K DSP Memory Blocks Blocks –6 Speed Grade –7 Speed Grade (6) –7 Speed Grade (7) –8 Speed Grade 16-to-1 multiplexer (1) 21 0 0 385.35 313.97 270.85 286.04 32-to-1 multiplexer (1) 38 0 0 294.2 260.75 228.78 191.02 16-bit counter 16 0 0 401.6 349.4 310.65 310.65 64-bit counter 64 0 0 157.15 137.98 126.08 126.27 Altera Corporation February 2008 5–15 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–15. Cyclone II Performance (Part 2 of 4) Resources Used Applications LEs Memory Simple dual-port RAM 128 × 36 bit (3), (5) M4K block True dual-port RAM 128 × 18 bit (3), (5) DSP block M4K DSP Memory Blocks Blocks Performance (MHz) –6 Speed Grade –7 Speed Grade (6) –7 Speed Grade (7) –8 Speed Grade 0 1 0 235.29 194.93 163.13 163.13 0 1 0 235.29 194.93 163.13 163.13 FIFO 128 × 16 bit (5) 32 1 0 235.29 194.93 163.13 163.13 Simple dual-port RAM 128 × 36 bit (4),(5) 0 1 0 210.08 195.0 163.02 163.02 True dual-port RAM 128x18 bit (4),(5) 0 1 0 163.02 163.02 163.02 163.02 9 × 9-bit multiplier (2) 0 0 1 260.01 216.73 180.57 180.57 18 × 18-bit multiplier (2) 0 0 1 260.01 216.73 180.57 180.57 18-bit, 4 tap FIR filter 113 0 8 182.74 147.47 127.74 122.98 Larger 8-bit, 16 tap parallel FIR filter Designs 8-bit, 1024 pt, Streaming, 3 Mults/5 Adders FFT function 52 0 4 153.56 131.25 110.44 110.57 3191 22 9 235.07 195.0 147.51 163.02 8-bit, 1024 pt, Streaming, 4 Mults/2 Adders FFT function 3041 22 12 235.07 195.0 146.3 163.02 8-bit, 1024 pt, Single Output, 1 Parallel FFT Engine, Burst, 3 Mults/5 Adders FFT function 1056 5 3 235.07 195.0 147.84 163.02 8-bit, 1024 pt, Single Output, 1 Parallel FFT Engine, Burst, 4 Mults/2 Adders FFT function 1006 5 4 235.07 195.0 149.99 163.02 8-bit, 1024 pt, Single Output, 2 Parallel FFT Engines, Burst, 3 Mults/5 Adders FFT function 1857 10 6 200.0 195.0 149.61 163.02 8-bit, 1024 pt, Single Output, 2 Parallel FFT Engines, Burst, 4 Mults/2 Adders FFT function 1757 10 8 200.0 195.0 149.34 163.02 8-bit, 1024 pt, Quad Output, 1 Parallel FFT Engine, Burst, 3 Mults/5 Adders FFT function 2550 10 9 235.07 195.0 148.21 163.02 5–16 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–15. Cyclone II Performance (Part 3 of 4) Resources Used Applications LEs Performance (MHz) M4K DSP Memory Blocks Blocks –6 Speed Grade –7 Speed Grade (6) –7 Speed Grade (7) –8 Speed Grade Larger 8-bit, 1024 pt, Quad Output, Designs 1 Parallel FFT Engine, Burst, 4 Mults/2 Adders FFT function 2400 10 12 235.07 195.0 140.11 163.02 8-bit, 1024 pt, Quad Output, 2 Parallel FFT Engines, Burst, 3 Mults/5 Adders FFT function 4343 14 18 200.0 195.0 152.67 163.02 8-bit, 1024 pt, Quad Output, 2 Parallel FFT Engines, Burst, 4 Mults/2 Adders FFT function 4043 14 24 200.0 195.0 149.72 163.02 8-bit, 1024 pt, Quad Output, 4 Parallel FFT Engines, Burst, 3 Mults/5 Adders FFT function 7496 28 36 200.0 195.0 150.01 163.02 8-bit, 1024 pt, Quad Output, 4 Parallel FFT Engines, Burst, 4 Mults/2 Adders FFT function 6896 28 48 200.0 195.0 151.33 163.02 8-bit, 1024 pt, Quad Output, 1 Parallel FFT Engine, Buffered Burst, 3 Mults/5 Adders FFT function 2934 18 9 235.07 195.0 148.89 163.02 8-bit, 1024 pt, Quad Output, 1 Parallel FFT Engine, Buffered Burst, 4 Mults/2 Adders FFT function 2784 18 12 235.07 195.0 151.51 163.02 8-bit, 1024 pt, Quad Output, 2 Parallel FFT Engines, Buffered Burst, 3 Mults/5 Adders FFT function 4720 30 18 200.0 195.0 149.76 163.02 8-bit, 1024 pt, Quad Output, 2 Parallel FFT Engines, Buffered Burst, 4 Mults/2 Adders FFT function 4420 30 24 200.0 195.0 151.08 163.02 Altera Corporation February 2008 5–17 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–15. Cyclone II Performance (Part 4 of 4) Resources Used M4K DSP Memory Blocks Blocks Applications LEs Performance (MHz) –6 Speed Grade –7 Speed Grade (6) –7 Speed Grade (7) –8 Speed Grade Larger 8-bit, 1024 pt, Quad Output, Designs 4 Parallel FFT Engines, Buffered Burst, 3 Mults/5 Adders FFT function 8053 60 36 200.0 195.0 149.23 163.02 8-bit, 1024 pt, Quad Output, 4 Parallel FFT Engines, Buffered Burst, 4 Mults/2 Adders FFT function 7453 60 48 200.0 195.0 151.28 163.02 Notes to Table 5–15 : (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) This application uses registered inputs and outputs. This application uses registered multiplier input and output stages within the DSP block. This application uses the same clock source for both A and B ports. This application uses independent clock sources for A and B ports. This application uses PLL clock outputs that are globally routed to connect and drive M4K clock ports. Use of non-PLL clock sources or local routing to drive M4K clock ports may result in lower performance numbers than shown here. Refer to the Quartus II timing report for actual performance numbers. These numbers are for commercial devices. These numbers are for automotive devices. (6) (7) Internal Timing Refer to Tables 5–16 through 5–19 for the internal timing parameters. Table 5–16. LE_FF Internal Timing Microparameters (Part 1 of 2) –6 Speed Grade (1) –7 Speed Grade (2) –8 Speed Grade (3) Parameter Unit Min Max Min Max Min Max TSU –36 — –40 — –40 — ps — — –38 — –40 — ps TH 266 — 306 — 306 — ps — — 286 — 306 — ps TCO 141 250 135 277 135 304 ps — — 141 — 141 — ps TCLR 191 — 244 — 244 — ps — — 217 — 244 — ps 5–18 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–16. LE_FF Internal Timing Microparameters (Part 2 of 2) –6 Speed Grade (1) –7 Speed Grade (2) –8 Speed Grade (3) Parameter Unit Min TPRE TCLKL TCLKH tLUT Max Min Max Min Max 191 — 244 — 244 — ps — — 217 — 244 — ps 1000 — 1242 — 1242 — ps — — 1111 — 1242 — ps 1000 — 1242 — 1242 — ps — — 1111 — 1242 — ps 180 438 172 545 172 651 ps — — 180 — 180 — ps Notes to Table 5–16: (1) (2) (3) For the –6 speed grades, the minimum timing is for the commercial temperature grade. The –7 speed grade devices offer the automotive temperature grade. The –8 speed grade devices offer the industrial temperature grade. For each parameter of the –7 speed grade columns, the value in the first row represents the minimum timing parameter for automotive devices. The second row represents the minimum timing parameter for commercial devices. For each parameter of the –8 speed grade columns, the value in the first row represents the minimum timing parameter for industrial devices. The second row represents the minimum timing parameter for commercial devices. Table 5–17. IOE Internal Timing Microparameters (Part 1 of 2) –6 Speed Grade (1) –7 Speed Grade (2) –8 Speed Grade (3) Parameter TSU TH TCO TPIN2COMBOUT_R TPIN2COMBOUT_C TCOMBIN2PIN_R Altera Corporation February 2008 Unit Min Max Min Max Min Max 76 — 101 — 101 — ps — — 89 — 101 — ps 88 — 106 — 106 — ps — — 97 — 106 — ps 99 155 95 171 95 187 ps — — 99 — 99 — ps 384 762 366 784 366 855 ps — — 384 — 384 — ps 385 760 367 783 367 854 ps — — 385 — 385 — ps 1344 2490 1280 2689 1280 2887 ps — — 1344 — 1344 — ps 5–19 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–17. IOE Internal Timing Microparameters (Part 2 of 2) –6 Speed Grade (1) –7 Speed Grade (2) –8 Speed Grade (3) Parameter TCOMBIN2PIN_C TCLR TPRE TCLKL TCLKH Unit Min Max Min Max Min Max 1418 2622 1352 2831 1352 3041 ps — — 1418 — 1418 — ps 137 — 165 — 165 — ps — — 151 — 165 — ps 192 — 233 — 233 — ps — — 212 — 233 — ps 1000 — 1242 — 1242 — ps — — 1111 — 1242 — ps 1000 — 1242 — 1242 — ps — — 1111 — 1242 — ps Notes to Table 5–17: (1) (2) (3) For the –6 speed grades, the minimum timing is for the commercial temperature grade. The –7 speed grade devices offer the automotive temperature grade. The –8 speed grade devices offer the industrial temperature grade. For each parameter of the –7 speed grade columns, the value in the first row represents the minimum timing parameter for automotive devices. The second row represents the minimum timing parameter for commercial devices. For each parameter of the –8 speed grade columns, the value in the first row represents the minimum timing parameter for industrial devices. The second row represents the minimum timing parameter for commercial devices. Table 5–18. DSP Block Internal Timing Microparameters (Part 1 of 2) –6 Speed Grade (1) –7 Speed Grade (2) –8 Speed Grade (3) Parameter Unit Min TSU TH TCO TINREG2PIPE9 TINREG2PIPE18 Max Min Max Min Max 47 — 62 — 62 — ps — — 54 — 62 — ps 110 — 113 — 113 — ps — — 111 — 113 — ps 0 0 0 0 0 0 ps — — 0 — 0 — ps 652 1379 621 1872 621 2441 ps — — 652 — 652 — ps 652 1379 621 1872 621 2441 ps — — 652 — 652 — ps 5–20 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–18. DSP Block Internal Timing Microparameters (Part 2 of 2) –6 Speed Grade (1) –7 Speed Grade (2) –8 Speed Grade (3) Parameter TPIPE2OUTREG TPD9 TPD18 TCLR TCLKL TCLKH Unit Min Max Min Max Min Max 47 104 45 142 45 185 ps — — 47 — 47 — ps 529 2470 505 3353 505 4370 ps — — 529 — 529 — ps 425 2903 406 3941 406 5136 ps — — 425 — 425 — ps 2686 — 3572 — 3572 — ps — — 3129 — 3572 — ps 1923 — 2769 — 2769 — ps — — 2307 — 2769 — ps 1923 — 2769 — 2769 — ps — — 2307 — 2769 — ps Notes to Table 5–18: (1) (2) (3) For the –6 speed grades, the minimum timing is for the commercial temperature grade. The –7 speed grade devices offer the automotive temperature grade. The –8 speed grade devices offer the industrial temperature grade. For each parameter of the –7 speed grade columns, the value in the first row represents the minimum timing parameter for automotive devices. The second row represents the minimum timing parameter for commercial devices. For each parameter of the –8 speed grade columns, the value in the first row represents the minimum timing parameter for industrial devices. The second row represents the minimum timing parameter for commercial devices. Table 5–19. M4K Block Internal Timing Microparameters (Part 1 of 3) –6 Speed Grade (1) –7 Speed Grade (2) –8 Speed Grade (3) Parameter TM4KRC TM4KWERESU TM4KWEREH TM4KBESU Altera Corporation February 2008 Unit Min Max Min Max Min Max 2387 3764 2275 4248 2275 4736 ps — — 2387 — 2387 — ps 35 — 46 — 46 — ps — — 40 — 46 — ps 234 — 267 — 267 — ps — — 250 — 267 — ps 35 — 46 — 46 — ps — — 40 — 46 — ps 5–21 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–19. M4K Block Internal Timing Microparameters (Part 2 of 3) –6 Speed Grade (1) –7 Speed Grade (2) –8 Speed Grade (3) Parameter TM4KBEH TM4KDATAASU TM4KDATAAH TM4KADDRASU TM4KADDRAH TM4KDATABSU TM4KDATABH TM4KRADDRBSU TM4KRADDRBH TM4KDATACO1 TM4KDATACO2 TM4KCLKH TM4KCLKL Unit Min Max Min Max Min Max 234 — 267 — 267 — ps — — 250 — 267 — ps 35 — 46 — 46 — ps — — 40 — 46 — ps 234 — 267 — 267 — ps — — 250 — 267 — ps 35 — 46 — 46 — ps — — 40 — 46 — ps 234 — 267 — 267 — ps — — 250 — 267 — ps 35 — 46 — 46 — ps — — 40 — 46 — ps 234 — 267 — 267 — ps — — 250 — 267 — ps 35 — 46 — 46 — ps — — 40 — 46 — ps 234 — 267 — 267 — ps — — 250 — 267 — ps 466 724 445 826 445 930 ps — — 466 — 466 — ps 2345 3680 2234 4157 2234 4636 ps — — 2345 — 2345 — ps 1923 — 2769 — 2769 — ps — — 2307 — 2769 — ps 1923 — 2769 — 2769 — ps — — 2307 — 2769 — ps 5–22 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–19. M4K Block Internal Timing Microparameters (Part 3 of 3) –6 Speed Grade (1) –7 Speed Grade (2) –8 Speed Grade (3) Parameter Unit TM4KCLR Min Max Min Max Min Max 191 — 244 — 244 — ps — — 217 — 244 — ps Notes to Table 5–19: (1) For the –6 speed grades, the minimum timing is for the commercial temperature grade. The –7 speed grade devices offer the automotive temperature grade. The –8 speed grade devices offer the industrial temperature grade. For each parameter of the –7 speed grade columns, the value in the first row represents the minimum timing parameter for automotive devices. The second row represents the minimum timing parameter for commercial devices. For each parameter of the –8 speed grade columns, the value in the first row represents the minimum timing parameter for industrial devices. The second row represents the minimum timing parameter for commercial devices. (2) (3) Cyclone II Clock Timing Parameters Refer to Tables 5–20 through 5–34 for Cyclone II clock timing parameters. Table 5–20. Cyclone II Clock Timing Parameters Symbol Parameter tC I N Delay from clock pad to I/O input register tC O U T Delay from clock pad to I/O output register tP L L C I N Delay from PLL inclk pad to I/O input register tP L L C O U T Delay from PLL inclk pad to I/O output register EP2C5/A Clock Timing Parameters Tables 5–21 and 5–22 show the clock timing parameters for EP2C5/A devices. Table 5–21. EP2C5/A Column Pins Global Clock Timing Parameters (Part 1 of 2) Fast Corner Parameter Industrial/ Commercial Automotive –6 Speed Grade –7 Speed Grade (1) –7 Speed Grade (2) –8 Speed Grade Unit tC I N 1.283 1.343 2.329 2.484 2.688 2.688 ns tC O U T 1.297 1.358 2.363 2.516 2.717 2.717 ns tP L L C I N –0.188 –0.201 0.076 0.038 0.042 0.052 ns Altera Corporation February 2008 5–23 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–21. EP2C5/A Column Pins Global Clock Timing Parameters (Part 2 of 2) Fast Corner Parameter Industrial/ Commercial Automotive tP L L C O U T –0.174 –0.186 –6 Speed Grade –7 Speed Grade (1) –7 Speed Grade (2) –8 Speed Grade Unit 0.11 0.07 0.071 0.081 ns Notes to Table 5–21: (1) (2) These numbers are for commercial devices. These numbers are for automotive devices. Table 5–22. EP2C5/A Row Pins Global Clock Timing Parameters Fast Corner Parameter Industrial/ Commercial Automotive tC I N 1.212 1.267 –6 Speed Grade –7 Speed Grade (1) –7 Speed Grade (2) –8 Speed Grade Unit 2.210 2.351 2.54 2.540 ns tC O U T 1.214 1.269 2.226 2.364 2.548 2.548 ns tP L L C I N –0.259 –0.277 –0.043 –0.095 –0.106 –0.096 ns tP L L C O U T –0.257 –0.275 –0.027 –0.082 –0.098 –0.088 ns Notes to Table 5–22: (1) (2) These numbers are for commercial devices. These numbers are for automotive devices. EP2C8/A Clock Timing Parameters Tables 5–23 and 5–24 show the clock timing parameters for EP2C8/A devices. Table 5–23. EP2C8/A Column Pins Global Clock Timing Parameters (Part 1 of 2) Fast Corner Parameter Industrial/ Commercial Automotive –6 Speed Grade –7 Speed Grade (1) –7 Speed Grade (2) –8 Speed Grade Unit tC I N 1.339 1.404 2.405 2.565 2.764 2.774 ns tC O U T 1.353 1.419 2.439 2.597 2.793 2.803 ns tP L L C I N –0.193 –0.204 0.055 0.015 0.016 0.026 ns 5–24 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–23. EP2C8/A Column Pins Global Clock Timing Parameters (Part 2 of 2) Fast Corner Parameter Industrial/ Commercial Automotive tP L L C O U T –0.179 –0.189 –6 Speed Grade –7 Speed Grade (1) –7 Speed Grade (2) –8 Speed Grade Unit 0.089 0.047 0.045 0.055 ns Notes to Table 5–23: (1) (2) These numbers are for commercial devices. These numbers are for automotive devices. Table 5–24. EP2C8/A Row Pins Global Clock Timing Parameters Fast Corner Parameter –6 Speed Grade –7 Speed Grade (1) –7 Speed Grade (2) –8 Speed Grade Unit 1.314 2.270 2.416 2.596 2.606 ns Industrial/ Commercial Automotive tC I N 1.256 tC O U T 1.258 1.316 2.286 2.429 2.604 2.614 ns tP L L C I N –0.276 –0.294 –0.08 –0.134 –0.152 –0.142 ns tP L L C O U T –0.274 –0.292 –0.064 –0.121 –0.144 –0.134 ns Notes to Table 5–24: (1) (2) These numbers are for commercial devices. These numbers are for automotive devices. EP2C15A Clock Timing Parameters Tables 5–25 and 5–26 show the clock timing parameters for EP2C15A devices. Table 5–25. EP2C15A Column Pins Global Clock Timing Parameters Fast Corner Parameter Industrial/ Commercial Automotive –6 Speed Grade –7 Speed Grade (1) –7 Speed Grade (2) –8 Speed Grade Unit tC I N 1.621 1.698 2.590 2.766 3.009 2.989 ns tC O U T 1.635 1.713 2.624 2.798 3.038 3.018 ns tP L L C I N –0.351 –0.372 0.045 0.008 0.046 0.016 ns Altera Corporation February 2008 5–25 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–25. EP2C15A Column Pins Global Clock Timing Parameters Fast Corner Parameter Industrial/ Commercial Automotive tP L L C O U T –0.337 –0.357 –6 Speed Grade –7 Speed Grade (1) –7 Speed Grade (2) –8 Speed Grade Unit 0.079 0.04 0.075 0.045 ns Notes to Table 5–25: (1) (2) These numbers are for commercial devices. These numbers are for automotive devices. Table 5–26. EP2C15A Row Pins Global Clock Timing Parameters Fast Corner Parameter Industrial/ Commercial Automotive tC I N 1.542 1.615 –6 Speed Grade –7 Speed Grade (1) –7 Speed Grade (2) –8 Speed Grade Unit 2.490 2.651 2.886 2.866 ns tC O U T 1.544 1.617 2.506 2.664 2.894 2.874 ns tP L L C I N –0.424 –0.448 –0.057 –0.107 –0.077 –0.107 ns tP L L C O U T –0.422 –0.446 –0.041 –0.094 –0.069 –0.099 ns Notes to Table 5–26: (1) (2) These numbers are for commercial devices. These numbers are for automotive devices. EP2C20/A Clock Timing Parameters Tables 5–27 and 5–28 show the clock timing parameters for EP2C20/A devices. Table 5–27. EP2C20/A Column Pins Global Clock Timing Parameters (Part 1 of 2) Fast Corner Parameter Industrial/ Commercial Automotive –6 Speed Grade –7 Speed Grade (1) –7 Speed Grade (2) –8 Speed Grade Unit tC I N 1.621 1.698 2.590 2.766 3.009 2.989 ns tC O U T 1.635 1.713 2.624 2.798 3.038 3.018 ns tP L L C I N –0.351 –0.372 0.045 0.008 0.046 0.016 ns 5–26 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–27. EP2C20/A Column Pins Global Clock Timing Parameters (Part 2 of 2) Fast Corner Parameter Industrial/ Commercial Automotive tP L L C O U T –0.337 –6 Speed Grade –7 Speed Grade (1) –7 Speed Grade (2) –8 Speed Grade Unit 0.079 0.04 0.075 0.045 ns –0.357 Notes to Table 5–27: (1) (2) These numbers are for commercial devices. These numbers are for automotive devices. Table 5–28. EP2C20/A Row Pins Global Clock Timing Parameters Fast Corner Parameter Industrial/ Commercial Automotive tC I N 1.542 –6 Speed Grade –7 Speed Grade (1) –7 Speed Grade (2) –8 Speed Grade Unit 2.490 2.651 2.886 2.866 ns 1.615 tC O U T 1.544 1.617 2.506 2.664 2.894 2.874 ns tP L L C I N –0.424 –0.448 –0.057 –0.107 –0.077 –0.107 ns tP L L C O U T –0.422 –0.446 –0.041 –0.094 –0.069 –0.099 ns Notes to Table 5–28: (1) (2) These numbers are for commercial devices. These numbers are for automotive devices. EP2C35 Clock Timing Parameters Tables 5–29 and 5–30 show the clock timing parameters for EP2C35 devices. Table 5–29. EP2C35 Column Pins Global Clock Timing Parameters Fast Corner Industrial Commercial –6 Speed Grade tC I N 1.499 1.569 2.652 2.878 3.155 ns tC O U T 1.513 1.584 2.686 2.910 3.184 ns tP L L C I N –0.026 –0.032 0.272 0.316 0.41 ns tP L L C O U T –0.012 –0.017 0.306 0.348 0.439 ns Parameter Altera Corporation February 2008 –7 Speed Grade –8 Speed Grade Unit 5–27 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–30. EP2C35 Row Pins Global Clock Timing Parameters Fast Corner Industrial Commercial –6 Speed Grade 1.410 1.476 2.514 2.724 2.986 ns Parameter tC I N –7 Speed Grade –8 Speed Grade Unit tC O U T 1.412 1.478 2.530 2.737 2.994 ns tP L L C I N –0.117 –0.127 0.134 0.162 0.241 ns tP L L C O U T –0.115 –0.125 0.15 0.175 0.249 ns EP2C50 Clock Timing Parameters Tables 5–31 and 5–32 show the clock timing parameters for EP2C50 devices. Table 5–31. EP2C50 Column Pins Global Clock Timing Parameters Fast Corner Industrial Commercial –6 Speed Grade Parameter –7 Speed Grade –8 Speed Grade Unit tC I N 1.575 1.651 2.759 2.940 3.174 ns tC O U T 1.589 1.666 2.793 2.972 3.203 ns tP L L C I N –0.149 –0.158 0.113 0.075 0.089 ns tP L L C O U T –0.135 –0.143 0.147 0.107 0.118 ns Table 5–32. EP2C50 Row Pins Global Clock Timing Parameters Fast Corner Industrial Commercial –6 Speed Grade tC I N 1.463 1.533 2.624 2.791 3.010 ns tC O U T 1.465 1.535 2.640 2.804 3.018 ns tP L L C I N –0.261 –0.276 –0.022 –0.074 –0.075 ns tP L L C O U T –0.259 –0.274 –0.006 –0.061 –0.067 ns Parameter 5–28 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 –7 Speed Grade –8 Speed Grade Unit Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications EP2C70 Clock Timing Parameters Tables 5–33 and 5–34 show the clock timing parameters for EP2C70 devices. Table 5–33. EP2C70 Column Pins Global Clock Timing Parameters Fast Corner Industrial Commercial –6 Speed Grade tC I N 1.575 1.651 2.914 3.105 3.174 ns tC O U T 1.589 1.666 2.948 3.137 3.203 ns tP L L C I N –0.149 –0.158 0.27 0.268 0.089 ns tP L L C O U T –0.135 –0.143 0.304 0.3 0.118 ns Parameter –7 Speed Grade –8 Speed Grade Unit Table 5–34. EP2C70 Row Pins Global Clock Timing Parameters Fast Corner Commercial –6 Speed Grade –7 Speed Grade –8 Speed Grade Unit Industrial tC I N 1.463 1.533 2.753 2.927 3.010 ns tC O U T 1.465 1.535 2.769 2.940 3.018 ns tP L L C I N –0.261 –0.276 0.109 0.09 –0.075 ns tP L L C O U T –0.259 –0.274 0.125 0.103 –0.067 ns Parameter Clock Network Skew Adders Table 5–35 shows the clock network specifications. Table 5–35. Clock Network Specifications Name Description Max Unit Clock skew adder EP2C5/A, EP2C8/A (1) Inter-clock network, same bank ±88 ps Inter-clock network, same side and entire chip ±88 ps Clock skew adder EP2C15A, EP2C20/A, EP2C35, EP2C50, EP2C70 (1) Inter-clock network, same bank ±118 ps Inter-clock network, same side and entire chip ±138 ps Note to Table 5–35: (1) Altera Corporation February 2008 This is in addition to intra-clock network skew, which is modeled in the Quartus II software. 5–29 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications IOE Programmable Delay Refer to Table 5–36 and 5–37 for IOE programmable delay. Table 5–36. Cyclone II IOE Programmable Delay on Column Pins Notes (1), (2) Number Parameter Paths Affected of Settings Input Delay Pad -> I/O from Pin to dataout to core Internal Cells 7 Input Delay Pad -> I/O from Pin to input register Input Register 8 Delay from Output Register to Output Pin I/O output register -> Pad 2 Fast Corner (3) –7 Speed Grade (4) –6 Speed Grade –8 Speed Grade Unit Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Offset Offset Offset Offset Offset Offset Offset Offset 0 2233 0 3827 0 4232 0 4349 ps 0 2344 — — 0 4088 — — ps 0 2656 0 4555 0 4914 0 4940 ps 0 2788 — — 0 4748 — — ps 0 303 0 563 0 638 0 670 ps 0 318 — — 0 617 — — ps Notes to Table 5–36: (1) (2) (3) (4) The incremental values for the settings are generally linear. For exact values of each setting, use the latest version of the Quartus II software. The minimum and maximum offset timing numbers are in reference to setting “0” as available in the Quartus II software. The value in the first row for each parameter represents the fast corner timing parameter for industrial and automotive devices. The second row represents the fast corner timing parameter for commercial devices. The value in the first row is for automotive devices. The second row is for commercial devices. Table 5–37. Cyclone II IOE Programmable Delay on Row Pins Notes (1), (2) (Part 1 of 2) Paths Parameter Affected Input Delay from Pin to Internal Cells Pad -> I/O dataout to core Number Fast Corner (3) of Max Settings Min Offset Offset 7 –6 Speed Grade –7 Speed Grade (4) –8 Speed Grade Unit Min Offset Max Offset Min Offset Max Offset Min Offset Max Offset 0 2240 0 3776 0 4174 0 4290 ps 0 2352 — — 0 4033 — — ps 5–30 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–37. Cyclone II IOE Programmable Delay on Row Pins Notes (1), (2) (Part 2 of 2) Paths Parameter Affected Number Fast Corner (3) of Max Settings Min Offset Offset Input Delay Pad -> from Pin to I/O input register Input Register 8 I/O output register > Pad 2 Delay from Output Register to Output Pin –6 Speed Grade –7 Speed Grade (4) –8 Speed Grade Unit Min Offset Max Offset Min Offset Max Offset Min Offset Max Offset 0 2669 0 4482 0 4834 0 4859 ps 0 2802 — — 0 4671 — — ps 0 308 0 572 0 648 0 682 ps 0 324 — — 0 626 — — ps Notes to Table 5–37 : (1) (2) (3) (4) The incremental values for the settings are generally linear. For exact values of each setting, use the latest version of the Quartus II software. The minimum and maximum offset timing numbers are in reference to setting “0” as available in the Quartus II software. The value in the first row represents the fast corner timing parameter for industrial and automotive devices. The second row represents the fast corner timing parameter for commercial devices. The value in the first row is for automotive devices. The second row is for commercial devices. Default Capacitive Loading of Different I/O Standards Refer to Table 5–38 for default capacitive loading of different I/O standards. Table 5–38. Default Loading of Different I/O Standards for Cyclone II Device (Part 1 of 2) I/O Standard Altera Corporation February 2008 Capacitive Load Unit LVTTL 0 pF LVCMOS 0 pF 2.5V 0 pF 1.8V 0 pF 1.5V 0 pF PCI 10 pF PCI-X 10 pF SSTL_2_CLASS_I 0 pF SSTL_2_CLASS_II 0 pF SSTL_18_CLASS_I 0 pF 5–31 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–38. Default Loading of Different I/O Standards for Cyclone II Device (Part 2 of 2) I/O Standard SSTL_18_CLASS_II Capacitive Load Unit 0 pF 1.5V_HSTL_CLASS_I 0 pF 1.5V_HSTL_CLASS_II 0 pF 1.8V_HSTL_CLASS_I 0 pF 1.8V_HSTL_CLASS_II 0 pF DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_2_CLASS_I 0 pF DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_2_CLASS_II 0 pF DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_18_CLASS_I 0 pF DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_18_CLASS_II 0 pF 1.5V_DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_CLASS_I 0 pF 1.5V_DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_CLASS_II 0 pF 1.8V_DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_CLASS_I 0 pF 1.8V_DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_CLASS_II 0 pF LVDS 0 pF 1.2V_HSTL 0 pF 1.2V_DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL 0 pF 5–32 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications I/O Delays Refer to Tables 5–39 through 5–43 for I/O delays. Table 5–39. I/O Delay Parameters Symbol Parameter tD I P Delay from I/O datain to output pad tO P Delay from I/O output register to output pad tP C O U T Delay from input pad to I/O dataout to core tP I Delay from input pad to I/O input register Table 5–40. Cyclone II I/O Input Delay for Column Pins (Part 1 of 3) Fast Corner I/O Standard LVTTL 2.5V 1.8V –7 –7 –6 –8 Speed Speed Parameter Industrial/ Commer Speed Speed Unit Grade Grade Grade Grade Automotive -cial (1) (2) tP I 581 609 1222 1228 tP C O U T 367 385 760 783 tP I 624 654 1192 1238 tP C O U T 410 430 730 793 1282 1282 ps 854 854 ps 1283 1283 ps 855 855 ps tP I 725 760 1372 1428 1484 1484 ps tP C O U T 511 536 910 983 1056 1056 ps tP I 790 828 1439 1497 1556 1556 ps tP C O U T 576 604 977 1052 1128 1128 ps tP I 581 609 1222 1228 1282 1282 ps tP C O U T 367 385 760 783 854 854 ps SSTL_2_CLASS_I tP I 533 558 990 1015 1040 1040 ps tP C O U T 319 334 528 570 612 612 ps SSTL_2_CLASS_II tP I 533 558 990 1015 1040 1040 ps tP C O U T 319 334 528 570 612 612 ps 1.5V LVCMOS SSTL_18_CLASS_I SSTL_18_CLASS_II Altera Corporation February 2008 tP I 577 605 1027 1035 1045 1045 ps tP C O U T 363 381 565 590 617 617 ps tP I 577 605 1027 1035 1045 1045 ps tP C O U T 363 381 565 590 617 617 ps 5–33 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–40. Cyclone II I/O Input Delay for Column Pins (Part 2 of 3) Fast Corner I/O Standard 1.5V_HSTL_CLASS_I 1.5V_HSTL_CLASS_II 1.8V_HSTL_CLASS_I 1.8V_HSTL_CLASS_II DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_2_ CLASS_I DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_2_ CLASS_II DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_18_ CLASS_I DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_18_ CLASS_II 1.8V_DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_ CLASS_I 1.8V_DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_ CLASS_II 1.5V_DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_ CLASS_I 1.5V_DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_ CLASS_II LVDS 1.2V_HSTL –7 –7 –6 –8 Speed Speed Parameter Industrial/ Commer Speed Speed Unit Grade Grade Grade Grade Automotive -cial (1) (2) tP I 589 617 1145 1176 1208 1208 ps tP C O U T 375 393 683 731 780 780 ps tP I 589 617 1145 1176 1208 1208 ps tP C O U T 375 393 683 731 780 780 ps tP I 577 605 1027 1035 1045 1045 ps tP C O U T 363 381 565 590 617 617 ps tP I 577 605 1027 1035 1045 1045 ps tP C O U T 363 381 565 590 617 617 ps tP I 533 558 990 1015 1040 1040 ps tP C O U T 319 334 528 570 612 612 ps tP I 533 558 990 1015 1040 1040 ps tP C O U T 319 334 528 570 612 612 ps tP I 577 605 1027 1035 1045 1045 ps tP C O U T 363 381 565 590 617 617 ps tP I 577 605 1027 1035 1045 1045 ps tP C O U T 363 381 565 590 617 617 ps tP I 577 605 1027 1035 1045 1045 ps tP C O U T 363 381 565 590 617 617 ps tP I 577 605 1027 1035 1045 1045 ps tP C O U T 363 381 565 590 617 617 ps tP I 589 617 1145 1176 1208 1208 ps tP C O U T 375 393 683 731 780 780 ps tP I 589 617 1145 1176 1208 1208 ps tP C O U T 375 393 683 731 780 780 ps tP I 623 653 1072 1075 1078 1078 ps tP C O U T 409 429 610 630 650 650 ps tP I 570 597 1263 1324 1385 1385 ps tP C O U T 356 373 801 879 957 957 ps 5–34 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–40. Cyclone II I/O Input Delay for Column Pins (Part 3 of 3) Fast Corner I/O Standard 1.2V_DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL –7 –7 –6 –8 Speed Speed Parameter Industrial/ Commer Speed Speed Unit Grade Grade Grade Grade Automotive -cial (1) (2) tP I 570 597 1263 1324 1385 1385 ps tP C O U T 356 373 801 879 957 957 ps Notes to Table 5–40 : (1) (2) These numbers are for commercial devices. These numbers are for automotive devices. Table 5–41. Cyclone II I/O Input Delay for Row Pins (Part 1 of 2) Fast Corner I/O Standard LVTTL 2.5V 1.8V 1.5V LVCMOS SSTL_2_CLASS_I SSTL_2_CLASS_II SSTL_18_CLASS_I SSTL_18_CLASS_II 1.5V_HSTL_CLASS_I Altera Corporation February 2008 –7 –7 –6 –8 Speed Speed Parameter Industrial/ Commer Speed Speed Unit Grade Grade Grade Grade Automotive -cial (1) (2) tP I 583 611 1129 1160 1240 1240 ps tP C O U T 366 384 762 784 855 855 ps tP I 629 659 1099 1171 1244 1244 ps tP C O U T 412 432 732 795 859 859 ps tP I 729 764 1278 1360 1443 1443 ps tP C O U T 512 537 911 984 1058 1058 ps tP I 794 832 1345 1429 1513 1513 ps tP C O U T 577 605 978 1053 1128 1128 ps tP I 583 611 1129 1160 1240 1240 ps tP C O U T 366 384 762 784 855 855 ps tP I 536 561 896 947 998 998 ps tP C O U T 319 334 529 571 613 613 ps tP I 536 561 896 947 998 998 ps tP C O U T 319 334 529 571 613 613 ps tP I 581 609 933 967 1004 1004 ps tP C O U T 364 382 566 591 619 619 ps tP I 581 609 933 967 1004 1004 ps tP C O U T 364 382 566 591 619 619 ps tP I 593 621 1051 1109 1167 1167 ps tP C O U T 376 394 684 733 782 782 ps 5–35 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–41. Cyclone II I/O Input Delay for Row Pins (Part 2 of 2) Fast Corner I/O Standard 1.5V_HSTL_CLASS_II –7 –7 –6 –8 Speed Speed Parameter Industrial/ Commer Speed Speed Unit Grade Grade Grade Grade Automotive -cial (1) (2) tP I 593 621 1051 1109 1167 1167 ps tP C O U T 376 394 684 733 782 782 ps 1.8V_HSTL_CLASS_I tP I 581 609 933 967 1004 1004 ps tP C O U T 364 382 566 591 619 619 ps 1.8V_HSTL_CLASS_II tP I 581 609 933 967 1004 1004 ps tP C O U T 364 382 566 591 619 619 ps DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_2_ CLASS_I DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_2_ CLASS_II DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_18_ CLASS_I DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_18_ CLASS_II 1.8V_DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_ CLASS_I 1.8V_DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_ CLASS_II 1.5V_DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_ CLASS_I 1.5V_DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_ CLASS_II LVDS PCI PCI-X tP I 536 561 896 947 998 998 ps tP C O U T 319 334 529 571 613 613 ps tP I 536 561 896 947 998 998 ps tP C O U T 319 334 529 571 613 613 ps tP I 581 609 933 967 1004 1004 ps tP C O U T 364 382 566 591 619 619 ps tP I 581 609 933 967 1004 1004 ps tP C O U T 364 382 566 591 619 619 ps tP I 581 609 933 967 1004 1004 ps tP C O U T 364 382 566 591 619 619 ps tP I 581 609 933 967 1004 1004 ps tP C O U T 364 382 566 591 619 619 ps tP I 593 621 1051 1109 1167 1167 ps tP C O U T 376 394 684 733 782 782 ps tP I 593 621 1051 1109 1167 1167 ps tP C O U T 376 394 684 733 782 782 ps tP I 651 682 1036 1075 1113 1113 ps tP C O U T 434 455 669 699 728 728 ps tP I 595 623 1113 1156 1232 1232 ps tP C O U T 378 396 746 780 847 847 ps tP I 595 623 1113 1156 1232 1232 ps tP C O U T 378 396 746 780 847 847 ps Notes to Table 5–41 : (1) (2) These numbers are for commercial devices. These numbers are for automotive devices. 5–36 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–42. Cyclone II I/O Output Delay for Column Pins (Part 1 of 6) Fast Corner I/O Standard LVTTL Drive Parameter Strength 4 mA 8 mA 12 mA 16 mA 1524 1599 2903 3125 3341 3348 ps tD I P 1656 1738 3073 3319 3567 3567 ps tO P 1343 1409 2670 2866 3054 3061 ps tD I P 1475 1548 2840 3060 3280 3280 ps tO P 1287 1350 2547 2735 2917 2924 ps tD I P 1419 1489 2717 2929 3143 3143 ps tO P 1239 1299 2478 2665 2844 2851 ps 1371 1438 2648 2859 3070 3070 ps tO P 1228 1288 2456 2641 2820 2827 ps tD I P 1360 1427 2626 2835 3046 3046 ps 24 mA (1) tO P 1220 1279 2452 2637 2815 2822 ps tD I P 1352 1418 2622 2831 3041 3041 ps 4 mA tO P 1346 1412 2509 2695 2873 2880 ps tD I P 1478 1551 2679 2889 3099 3099 ps 8 mA tO P 1240 1300 2473 2660 2840 2847 ps tD I P 1372 1439 2643 2854 3066 3066 ps 12 mA 16 mA 20 mA 24 mA (1) Altera Corporation February 2008 tO P tD I P 20 mA LVCMOS –7 –7 –6 –8 Speed Speed Industrial/ Commer Speed Grade Grade Speed Unit Grade Grade Automotive -cial (2) (3) tO P 1221 1280 2428 2613 2790 2797 ps tD I P 1353 1419 2598 2807 3016 3016 ps tO P 1203 1262 2403 2587 2765 2772 ps tD I P 1335 1401 2573 2781 2991 2991 ps tO P 1194 1252 2378 2562 2738 2745 ps tD I P 1326 1391 2548 2756 2964 2964 ps tO P 1192 1250 2382 2566 2742 2749 ps tD I P 1324 1389 2552 2760 2968 2968 ps 5–37 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–42. Cyclone II I/O Output Delay for Column Pins (Part 2 of 6) Fast Corner I/O Standard 2.5V Drive Parameter Strength 4 mA tO P 1208 1267 2478 2614 2743 2750 ps tD I P 1340 1406 2648 2808 2969 2969 ps tO P 1190 1248 2307 2434 2554 2561 ps tD I P 1322 1387 2477 2628 2780 2780 ps tO P 1154 1210 2192 2314 2430 2437 ps tD I P 1286 1349 2362 2508 2656 2656 ps 16 mA (1) tO P 1140 1195 2152 2263 2375 2382 ps tD I P 1272 1334 2322 2457 2601 2601 ps 2 mA tO P 1682 1765 3988 4279 4563 4570 ps tD I P 1814 1904 4158 4473 4789 4789 ps tO P 1567 1644 3301 3538 3768 3775 ps tD I P 1699 1783 3471 3732 3994 3994 ps 6 mA tO P 1475 1547 2993 3195 3391 3398 ps tD I P 1607 1686 3163 3389 3617 3617 ps 8 mA tO P 1451 1522 2882 3074 3259 3266 ps tD I P 1583 1661 3052 3268 3485 3485 ps 8 mA 12 mA 1.8V 4 mA 10 mA 12 mA (1) 1.5V –7 –7 –6 –8 Speed Speed Industrial/ Commer Speed Grade Grade Speed Unit Grade Grade Automotive -cial (2) (3) 2 mA tO P 1438 1508 2853 3041 3223 3230 ps tD I P 1570 1647 3023 3235 3449 3449 ps tO P 1438 1508 2853 3041 3223 3230 ps tD I P 1570 1647 3023 3235 3449 3449 ps tO P 2083 2186 4477 4870 5256 5263 ps tD I P 2215 2325 4647 5064 5482 5482 ps 4 mA tO P 1793 1881 3649 3965 4274 4281 ps tD I P 1925 2020 3819 4159 4500 4500 ps 6 mA tO P 1770 1857 3527 3823 4112 4119 ps tD I P 1902 1996 3697 4017 4338 4338 ps tO P 1703 1787 3537 3827 4111 4118 ps tD I P 1835 1926 3707 4021 4337 4337 ps 8 mA (1) 5–38 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–42. Cyclone II I/O Output Delay for Column Pins (Part 3 of 6) Fast Corner I/O Standard SSTL_2_ CLASS_I SSTL_2_ CLASS_II Drive Parameter Strength 8 mA tO P 1196 1254 2388 2516 2638 2645 ps tD I P 1328 1393 2558 2710 2864 2864 ps 12 mA (1) tO P 1174 1231 2277 2401 2518 2525 ps tD I P 1306 1370 2447 2595 2744 2744 ps 16 mA tO P 1158 1214 2245 2365 2479 2486 ps tD I P 1290 1353 2415 2559 2705 2705 ps 20 mA SSTL_18_ CLASS_I tO P 1152 1208 2231 2351 2464 2471 ps tD I P 1284 1347 2401 2545 2690 2690 ps 24 mA (1) tO P 1152 1208 2225 2345 2458 2465 ps tD I P 1284 1347 2395 2539 2684 2684 ps 6 mA tO P 1472 1544 3140 3345 3542 3549 ps tD I P 1604 1683 3310 3539 3768 3768 ps tO P 1469 1541 3086 3287 3482 3489 ps tD I P 1601 1680 3256 3481 3708 3708 ps tO P 1466 1538 2980 3171 3354 3361 ps tD I P 1598 1677 3150 3365 3580 3580 ps 12 mA (1) tO P 1466 1538 2980 3171 3354 3361 ps tD I P 1598 1677 3150 3365 3580 3580 ps 16 mA tO P 1454 1525 2905 3088 3263 3270 ps tD I P 1586 1664 3075 3282 3489 3489 ps 18 mA (1) tO P 1453 1524 2900 3082 3257 3264 ps tD I P 1585 1663 3070 3276 3483 3483 ps 8 mA tO P 1460 1531 3222 3424 3618 3625 ps tD I P 1592 1670 3392 3618 3844 3844 ps tO P 1462 1534 3090 3279 3462 3469 ps tD I P 1594 1673 3260 3473 3688 3688 ps tO P 1462 1534 3090 3279 3462 3469 ps tD I P 1594 1673 3260 3473 3688 3688 ps 8 mA 10 mA SSTL_18_ CLASS_II 1.8V_HSTL_ CLASS_I 10 mA 12 mA (1) Altera Corporation February 2008 –7 –7 –6 –8 Speed Speed Industrial/ Commer Speed Grade Grade Speed Unit Grade Grade Automotive -cial (2) (3) 5–39 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–42. Cyclone II I/O Output Delay for Column Pins (Part 4 of 6) Fast Corner I/O Standard 1.8V_HSTL_ CLASS_II Drive Parameter Strength tO P 1449 1520 2936 3107 3271 3278 ps tD I P 1581 1659 3106 3301 3497 3497 ps 18 mA tO P 1450 1521 2924 3101 3272 3279 ps tD I P 1582 1660 3094 3295 3498 3498 ps 20 mA (1) tO P 1452 1523 2926 3096 3259 3266 ps tD I P 1584 1662 3096 3290 3485 3485 ps 8 mA tO P 1779 1866 4292 4637 4974 4981 ps tD I P 1911 2005 4462 4831 5200 5200 ps tO P 1784 1872 4031 4355 4673 4680 ps tD I P 1916 2011 4201 4549 4899 4899 ps 12 mA (1) tO P 1784 1872 4031 4355 4673 4680 ps tD I P 1916 2011 4201 4549 4899 4899 ps 1.5V_HSTL_ CLASS_II 16 mA (1) tO P 1750 1836 3844 4125 4399 4406 ps tD I P 1882 1975 4014 4319 4625 4625 ps DIFFERENTIAL_ SSTL_2_CLASS_I 8 mA tO P 1196 1254 2388 2516 2638 2645 ps tD I P 1328 1393 2558 2710 2864 2864 ps 12 mA (1) tO P 1174 1231 2277 2401 2518 2525 ps tD I P 1306 1370 2447 2595 2744 2744 ps 16 mA tO P 1158 1214 2245 2365 2479 2486 ps tD I P 1290 1353 2415 2559 2705 2705 ps 1.5V_HSTL_ CLASS_I 16 mA –7 –7 –6 –8 Speed Speed Industrial/ Commer Speed Grade Grade Speed Unit Grade Grade Automotive -cial (2) (3) 10 mA DIFFERENTIAL_ SSTL_2_CLASS_II 20 mA 24 mA (1) tO P 1152 1208 2231 2351 2464 2471 ps tD I P 1284 1347 2401 2545 2690 2690 ps tO P 1152 1208 2225 2345 2458 2465 ps tD I P 1284 1347 2395 2539 2684 2684 ps 5–40 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–42. Cyclone II I/O Output Delay for Column Pins (Part 5 of 6) Fast Corner I/O Standard DIFFERENTIAL_ SSTL_18_CLASS_I Drive Parameter Strength 6 mA –7 –7 –6 –8 Speed Speed Industrial/ Commer Speed Grade Grade Speed Unit Grade Grade Automotive -cial (2) (3) tO P 1472 1544 3140 3345 3542 3549 ps tD I P 1604 1683 3310 3539 3768 3768 ps tO P 1469 1541 3086 3287 3482 3489 ps tD I P 1601 1680 3256 3481 3708 3708 ps tO P 1466 1538 2980 3171 3354 3361 ps tD I P 1598 1677 3150 3365 3580 3580 ps 12 mA (1) tO P 1466 1538 2980 3171 3354 3361 ps tD I P 1598 1677 3150 3365 3580 3580 ps 16 mA tO P 1454 1525 2905 3088 3263 3270 ps tD I P 1586 1664 3075 3282 3489 3489 ps tO P 1453 1524 2900 3082 3257 3264 ps tD I P 1585 1663 3070 3276 3483 3483 ps tO P 1460 1531 3222 3424 3618 3625 ps tD I P 1592 1670 3392 3618 3844 3844 ps tO P 1462 1534 3090 3279 3462 3469 ps tD I P 1594 1673 3260 3473 3688 3688 ps 12 mA (1) tO P 1462 1534 3090 3279 3462 3469 ps tD I P 1594 1673 3260 3473 3688 3688 ps 1.8V_DIFFERENTIAL 16 mA _HSTL_CLASS_II tO P 1449 1520 2936 3107 3271 3278 ps tD I P 1581 1659 3106 3301 3497 3497 ps 8 mA 10 mA DIFFERENTIAL_ SSTL_18_CLASS_II 18 mA (1) 1.8V_DIFFERENTIAL 8 mA _HSTL_CLASS_I 10 mA 18 mA 20 mA (1) 1.5V_DIFFERENTIAL 8 mA _HSTL_CLASS_I 10 mA 12 mA (1) Altera Corporation February 2008 tO P 1450 1521 2924 3101 3272 3279 ps tD I P 1582 1660 3094 3295 3498 3498 ps tO P 1452 1523 2926 3096 3259 3266 ps tD I P 1584 1662 3096 3290 3485 3485 ps tO P 1779 1866 4292 4637 4974 4981 ps tD I P 1911 2005 4462 4831 5200 5200 ps tO P 1784 1872 4031 4355 4673 4680 ps tD I P 1916 2011 4201 4549 4899 4899 ps tO P 1784 1872 4031 4355 4673 4680 ps tD I P 1916 2011 4201 4549 4899 4899 ps 5–41 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–42. Cyclone II I/O Output Delay for Column Pins (Part 6 of 6) Fast Corner I/O Standard Drive Parameter Strength 1.5V_DIFFERENTIAL 16 mA _HSTL_CLASS_II (1) –7 –7 –6 –8 Speed Speed Industrial/ Commer Speed Grade Grade Speed Unit Grade Grade Automotive -cial (2) (3) tO P 1750 1836 3844 4125 4399 4406 ps tD I P 1882 1975 4014 4319 4625 4625 ps LVDS — tO P 1258 1319 2243 2344 2438 2445 ps tD I P 1390 1458 2413 2538 2664 2664 ps RSDS — tO P 1258 1319 2243 2344 2438 2445 ps tD I P 1390 1458 2413 2538 2664 2664 ps MINI_LVDS SIMPLE_RSDS 1.2V_HSTL 1.2V_DIFFERENTIAL _HSTL — — — — tO P 1258 1319 2243 2344 2438 2445 ps tD I P 1390 1458 2413 2538 2664 2664 ps tO P 1221 1280 2258 2435 2605 2612 ps tD I P 1353 1419 2428 2629 2831 2831 ps tO P 2403 2522 4635 5344 6046 6053 ps tD I P 2535 2661 4805 5538 6272 6272 ps tO P 2403 2522 4635 5344 6046 6053 ps tD I P 2535 2661 4805 5538 6272 6272 ps Notes to Table 5–42: (1) (2) (3) This is the default setting in the Quartus II software. These numbers are for commercial devices. These numbers are for automotive devices. 5–42 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–43. Cyclone II I/O Output Delay for Row Pins (Part 1 of 4) Fast Corner I/O Standard LVTTL Drive Parameter Industrial Strength /Automotive 4 mA 8 mA 12 mA 16 mA 20 mA 24 mA (1) LVCMOS 4 mA –7 Speed Grade (3) –8 Speed Grade Unit tO P 1343 1408 2539 2694 2885 2891 ps tD I P 1467 1540 2747 2931 3158 3158 ps tO P 1198 1256 2411 2587 2756 2762 ps tD I P 1322 1388 2619 2824 3029 3029 ps tO P 1156 1212 2282 2452 2614 2620 ps tD I P 1280 1344 2490 2689 2887 2887 ps tO P 1124 1178 2286 2455 2618 2624 ps tD I P 1248 1310 2494 2692 2891 2891 ps tO P 1112 1165 2245 2413 2574 2580 ps tD I P 1236 1297 2453 2650 2847 2847 ps tO P 1105 1158 2253 2422 2583 2589 ps tD I P 1229 1290 2461 2659 2856 2856 ps tO P 1200 1258 2231 2396 2555 2561 ps 1324 1390 2439 2633 2828 2828 ps tO P 1125 1179 2260 2429 2591 2597 ps tD I P 1249 1311 2468 2666 2864 2864 ps 12 mA (1) tO P 1106 1159 2217 2383 2543 2549 ps tD I P 1230 1291 2425 2620 2816 2816 ps 4 mA tO P 1126 1180 2350 2477 2598 2604 ps tD I P 1250 1312 2558 2714 2871 2871 ps tO P 1105 1158 2177 2296 2409 2415 ps tD I P 1229 1290 2385 2533 2682 2682 ps 8 mA (1) Altera Corporation February 2008 –7 Speed Grade (2) tD I P 8 mA 2.5V Commercial –6 Speed Grade 5–43 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–43. Cyclone II I/O Output Delay for Row Pins (Part 2 of 4) Fast Corner I/O Standard 1.8V Drive Parameter Industrial Strength /Automotive 2 mA 4 mA 6 mA 8 mA 10 mA 12 mA (1) 1.5V 2 mA –7 Speed Grade (2) –7 Speed Grade (3) –8 Speed Grade Unit tO P 1503 1576 3657 3927 4190 4196 ps tD I P 1627 1708 3865 4164 4463 4463 ps tO P 1400 1468 3010 3226 3434 3440 ps tD I P 1524 1600 3218 3463 3707 3707 ps tO P 1388 1455 2857 3050 3236 3242 ps tD I P 1512 1587 3065 3287 3509 3509 ps tO P 1347 1412 2714 2897 3072 3078 ps tD I P 1471 1544 2922 3134 3345 3345 ps tO P 1347 1412 2714 2897 3072 3078 ps tD I P 1471 1544 2922 3134 3345 3345 ps tO P 1332 1396 2678 2856 3028 3034 ps tD I P 1456 1528 2886 3093 3301 3301 ps tO P 1853 1943 4127 4492 4849 4855 ps tD I P 1977 2075 4335 4729 5122 5122 ps tO P 1694 1776 3452 3747 4036 4042 ps tD I P 1818 1908 3660 3984 4309 4309 ps 6 mA (1) tO P 1694 1776 3452 3747 4036 4042 ps tD I P 1818 1908 3660 3984 4309 4309 ps tO P 1090 1142 2152 2268 2376 2382 ps 4 mA SSTL_2_ CLASS_I Commercial –6 Speed Grade 8 mA tD I P 1214 1274 2360 2505 2649 2649 ps 12 mA (1) tO P 1097 1150 2131 2246 2354 2360 ps tD I P 1221 1282 2339 2483 2627 2627 ps SSTL_2_ CLASS_II 16 mA (1) tO P 1068 1119 2067 2177 2281 2287 ps tD I P 1192 1251 2275 2414 2554 2554 ps SSTL_18_ CLASS_I 6 mA tO P 1371 1437 2828 3018 3200 3206 ps tD I P 1495 1569 3036 3255 3473 3473 ps tO P 1365 1431 2832 3024 3209 3215 ps tD I P 1489 1563 3040 3261 3482 3482 ps tO P 1374 1440 2806 2990 3167 3173 ps tD I P 1498 1572 3014 3227 3440 3440 ps 8 mA 10 mA (1) 5–44 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–43. Cyclone II I/O Output Delay for Row Pins (Part 3 of 4) Fast Corner I/O Standard 1.8V_HSTL_ CLASS_I Drive Parameter Industrial Strength /Automotive 8 mA 10 mA Commercial –6 Speed Grade –7 Speed Grade (2) –7 Speed Grade (3) –8 Speed Grade Unit tO P 1364 1430 2853 3017 3178 3184 ps tD I P 1488 1562 3061 3254 3451 3451 ps tO P 1332 1396 2842 3011 3173 3179 ps tD I P 1456 1528 3050 3248 3446 3446 ps 12 mA (1) tO P 1332 1396 2842 3011 3173 3179 ps tD I P 1456 1528 3050 3248 3446 3446 ps 8 mA (1) tO P 1657 1738 3642 3917 4185 4191 ps tD I P 1781 1870 3850 4154 4458 4458 ps DIFFERENTIAL_ 8 mA SSTL_2_ CLASS_I 12 mA (1) tO P 1090 1142 2152 2268 2376 2382 ps tD I P 1214 1274 2360 2505 2649 2649 ps tO P 1097 1150 2131 2246 2354 2360 ps tD I P 1221 1282 2339 2483 2627 2627 ps DIFFERENTIAL_ 16 mA (1) SSTL_2_ CLASS_II tO P 1068 1119 2067 2177 2281 2287 ps tD I P 1192 1251 2275 2414 2554 2554 ps DIFFERENTIAL_ 6 mA SSTL_18_ CLASS_I 8 mA tO P 1371 1437 2828 3018 3200 3206 ps tD I P 1495 1569 3036 3255 3473 3473 ps tO P 1365 1431 2832 3024 3209 3215 ps tD I P 1489 1563 3040 3261 3482 3482 ps 10 mA (1) tO P 1374 1440 2806 2990 3167 3173 ps tD I P 1498 1572 3014 3227 3440 3440 ps 8 mA 1.8V_ DIFFERENTIAL_ HSTL_ 10 mA CLASS_I tO P 1364 1430 2853 3017 3178 3184 ps tD I P 1488 1562 3061 3254 3451 3451 ps tO P 1332 1396 2842 3011 3173 3179 ps tD I P 1456 1528 3050 3248 3446 3446 ps tO P 1332 1396 2842 3011 3173 3179 ps tD I P 1456 1528 3050 3248 3446 3446 ps tO P 1657 1738 3642 3917 4185 4191 ps tD I P 1781 1870 3850 4154 4458 4458 ps 1.5V_HSTL_ CLASS_I 12 mA (1) 8 mA 1.5V_ DIFFERENTIAL_ (1) HSTL_ CLASS_I Altera Corporation February 2008 5–45 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–43. Cyclone II I/O Output Delay for Row Pins (Part 4 of 4) Fast Corner I/O Standard Drive Parameter Industrial Strength /Automotive LVDS RSDS MINI_LVDS PCI — — — — PCI-X — Commercial –6 Speed Grade –7 Speed Grade (2) –7 Speed Grade (3) –8 Speed Grade Unit tO P 1216 1275 2089 2184 2272 2278 ps tD I P 1340 1407 2297 2421 2545 2545 ps tO P 1216 1275 2089 2184 2272 2278 ps tD I P 1340 1407 2297 2421 2545 2545 ps tO P 1216 1275 2089 2184 2272 2278 ps tD I P 1340 1407 2297 2421 2545 2545 ps tO P 989 1036 2070 2214 2352 2358 ps tD I P 1113 1168 2278 2451 2625 2625 ps tO P 989 1036 2070 2214 2352 2358 ps tD I P 1113 1168 2278 2451 2625 2625 ps Notes to Table 5–43: (1) (2) (3) This is the default setting in the Quartus II software. These numbers are for commercial devices. These numbers are for automotive devices. Maximum Input and Output Clock Rate Maximum clock toggle rate is defined as the maximum frequency achievable for a clock type signal at an I/O pin. The I/O pin can be a regular I/O pin or a dedicated clock I/O pin. The maximum clock toggle rate is different from the maximum data bit rate. If the maximum clock toggle rate on a regular I/O pin is 300 MHz, the maximum data bit rate for dual data rate (DDR) could be potentially as high as 600 Mbps on the same I/O pin. Table 5–44 specifies the maximum input clock toggle rates. Table 5–45 specifies the maximum output clock toggle rates at default load. Table 5–46 specifies the derating factors for the output clock toggle rate for non-default load. To calculate the output toggle rate for a non-default load, use this formula: The toggle rate for a non-default load 5–46 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications = 1000 / (1000/toggle rate at default load + derating factor * load value in pF/1000) For example, the output toggle rate at 0 pF (default) load for SSTL-18 Class II 18mA I/O standard is 270 MHz on a –6 device column I/O pin. The derating factor is 29 ps/pF. For a 10pF load, the toggle rate is calculated as: 1000 / (1000/270 + 29 × 10/1000) = 250 (MHz) Tables 5–44 through 5–46 show the I/O toggle rates for Cyclone II devices. Table 5–44. Maximum Input Clock Toggle Rate on Cyclone II Devices (Part 1 of 2) Maximum Input Clock Toggle Rate on Cyclone II Devices (MHz) Column I/O Pins Row I/O Pins I/O Standard Dedicated Clock Inputs –7 –8 –6 –6 –7 –8 –8 –6 –7 Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade LVTTL 450 405 360 450 405 360 420 380 340 2.5V 450 405 360 450 405 360 450 405 360 1.8V 450 405 360 450 405 360 450 405 360 1.5V 300 270 240 300 270 240 300 270 240 LVCMOS 450 405 360 450 405 360 420 380 340 SSTL_2_CLASS_I 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 SSTL_2_CLASS_II 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 SSTL_18_CLASS_I 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 SSTL_18_CLASS_II 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 1.5V_HSTL_CLASS_I 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 1.5V_HSTL_CLASS_II 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 1.8V_HSTL_CLASS_I 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 1.8V_HSTL_CLASS_II 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 PCI — — — 350 315 280 350 315 280 PCI-X — — — 350 315 280 350 315 280 DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_2_ CLASS_I 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_2_ CLASS_II 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 Altera Corporation February 2008 5–47 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–44. Maximum Input Clock Toggle Rate on Cyclone II Devices (Part 2 of 2) Maximum Input Clock Toggle Rate on Cyclone II Devices (MHz) Column I/O Pins Dedicated Clock Inputs Row I/O Pins I/O Standard –6 –7 –8 –6 –7 –8 –6 –7 –8 Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_18_ CLASS_I 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_18_ CLASS_II 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 1.8V_DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_ CLASS_I 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 1.8V_DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_ CLASS_II 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 1.5V_DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_ CLASS_I 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 1.5V_DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_ CLASS_II 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 LVPECL — — — — — — 402 402 402 LVDS 402 402 402 402 402 402 402 402 402 1.2V_HSTL 110 90 80 — — — 110 90 80 1.2V_DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL 110 90 80 — — — 110 90 80 Table 5–45. Maximum Output Clock Toggle Rate on Cyclone II Devices (Part 1 of 4) Maximum Output Clock Toggle Rate on Cyclone II Devices (MHz) I/O Standard LVTTL Drive Strength Column I/O Pins (1) Row I/O Pins (1) Dedicated Clock Outputs –6 –7 –8 –6 –7 –8 –6 –7 –8 Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade 4 mA 120 100 80 120 100 80 120 100 80 8 mA 200 170 140 200 170 140 200 170 140 12 mA 280 230 190 280 230 190 280 230 190 16 mA 290 240 200 290 240 200 290 240 200 20 mA 330 280 230 330 280 230 330 280 230 24 mA 360 300 250 360 300 250 360 300 250 5–48 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–45. Maximum Output Clock Toggle Rate on Cyclone II Devices (Part 2 of 4) Maximum Output Clock Toggle Rate on Cyclone II Devices (MHz) I/O Standard LVCMOS 2.5V 1.8V 1.5V SSTL_2_CLASS_I SSTL_2_CLASS_II SSTL_18_ CLASS_I Altera Corporation February 2008 Drive Strength Column I/O Pins (1) Row I/O Pins (1) Dedicated Clock Outputs –6 –7 –8 –6 –7 –8 –6 –7 –8 Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade 4 mA 250 210 170 250 210 170 250 210 170 8 mA 280 230 190 280 230 190 280 230 190 12 mA 310 260 210 310 260 210 310 260 210 16 mA 320 270 220 — — — — — — 20 mA 350 290 240 — — — — — — 24 mA 370 310 250 — — — — — — 4 mA 180 150 120 180 150 120 180 150 120 8 mA 280 230 190 280 230 190 280 230 190 12 mA 440 370 300 — — — — — — 16 mA 450 405 350 — — — — — — 2 mA 120 100 80 120 100 80 120 100 80 4 mA 180 150 120 180 150 120 180 150 120 6 mA 220 180 150 220 180 150 220 180 150 8 mA 240 200 160 240 200 160 240 200 160 10 mA 300 250 210 300 250 210 300 250 210 12 mA 350 290 240 350 290 240 350 290 240 2 mA 80 60 50 80 60 50 80 60 50 4 mA 130 110 90 130 110 90 130 110 90 6 mA 180 150 120 180 150 120 180 150 120 8 mA 230 190 160 — — — — — — 8 mA 400 340 280 400 340 280 400 340 280 12 mA 400 340 280 400 340 280 400 340 280 16 mA 350 290 240 350 290 240 350 290 240 20 mA 400 340 280 — — — — — — 24 mA 400 340 280 — — — — — — 6 mA 260 220 180 260 220 180 260 220 180 8 mA 260 220 180 260 220 180 260 220 180 10 mA 270 220 180 270 220 180 270 220 180 12 mA 280 230 190 — — — — — — 5–49 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–45. Maximum Output Clock Toggle Rate on Cyclone II Devices (Part 3 of 4) Maximum Output Clock Toggle Rate on Cyclone II Devices (MHz) I/O Standard SSTL_18_ CLASS_II 1.8V_HSTL_ CLASS_I Drive Strength Column I/O Pins (1) Row I/O Pins (1) Dedicated Clock Outputs –6 –7 –8 –6 –7 –8 –6 –7 –8 Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade 16 mA 260 220 180 — — — — — — 18 mA 270 220 180 — — — — — — 8 mA 260 220 180 260 220 180 260 220 180 10 mA 300 250 210 300 250 210 300 250 210 12 mA 320 270 220 320 270 220 320 270 220 1.8V_HSTL_ CLASS_II 16 mA 230 190 160 — — — — — — 18 mA 240 200 160 — — — — — — 20 mA 250 210 170 — — — — — — 8 mA 210 170 140 210 170 140 210 170 140 10 mA 220 180 150 — — — — — — 1.5V_HSTL_ CLASS_I 12 mA 230 190 160 — — — — — — 1.5V_HSTL_ CLASS_II 16 mA 210 170 140 — — — — — — DIFFERENTIAL_ SSTL_2_CLASS_I 8 mA 400 340 280 400 340 280 400 340 280 12 mA 400 340 280 400 340 280 400 340 280 DIFFERENTIAL_ SSTL_2_CLASS_II 16 mA 350 290 240 350 290 240 350 290 240 20 mA 400 340 280 — — — — — — DIFFERENTIAL_ SSTL_18_CLASS_I 24 mA 400 340 280 — — — — — — 6 mA 260 220 180 260 220 180 260 220 180 8 mA 260 220 180 260 220 180 260 220 180 10 mA 270 220 180 270 220 180 270 220 180 12 mA 280 230 190 — — — — — — DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL 16 mA _18_CLASS_II 18 mA 260 220 180 — — — — — — 270 220 180 — — — — — — 8 mA 1.8V_ DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL 10 mA _CLASS_I 12 mA 260 220 180 260 220 180 260 220 180 300 250 210 300 250 210 300 250 210 320 270 220 320 270 220 320 270 220 16 mA 1.8V_ DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL 18 mA _CLASS_II 20 mA 230 190 160 — — — — — — 240 200 160 — — — — — — 250 210 170 — — — — — — 5–50 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–45. Maximum Output Clock Toggle Rate on Cyclone II Devices (Part 4 of 4) Maximum Output Clock Toggle Rate on Cyclone II Devices (MHz) I/O Standard Drive Strength Column I/O Pins (1) Row I/O Pins (1) Dedicated Clock Outputs –6 –7 –8 –6 –7 –8 –6 –7 –8 Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade 8 mA 1.5V_ DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL 10 mA _CLASS_I 12 mA 210 170 140 210 170 140 210 170 140 220 180 150 — — — — — — 230 190 160 — — — — — — 16 mA 1.5V_ DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL _CLASS_II 210 170 140 — — — — — — LVDS — 400 340 280 400 340 280 400 340 280 RSDS — 400 340 280 400 340 280 400 340 280 MINI_LVDS — 400 340 280 400 340 280 400 340 280 SIMPLE_RSDS — 380 320 260 380 320 260 380 320 260 1.2V_HSTL — 80 80 80 — — — — — — 1.2V_ DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL — 80 80 80 — — — — — — PCI — — — — 350 315 280 350 315 280 PCI-X — — — 350 315 280 350 315 280 LVTTL OCT_25_ OHMS — 360 300 250 360 300 250 360 300 250 LVCMOS OCT_25_ OHMS 360 300 250 360 300 250 360 300 250 2.5V OCT_50_ OHMS 240 200 160 240 200 160 240 200 160 1.8V OCT_50_ OHMS 290 240 200 290 240 200 290 240 200 SSTL_2_CLASS_I OCT_50_ OHMS 240 200 160 240 200 160 — — — SSTL_18_CLASS_I OCT_50_ OHMS 290 240 200 290 240 200 — — — Note to Table 5–45: (1) This is based on single data rate I/Os. Altera Corporation February 2008 5–51 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–46. Maximum Output Clock Toggle Rate Derating Factors (Part 1 of 4) Maximum Output Clock Toggle Rate Derating Factors (ps/pF) I/O Standard LVTTL LVCMOS 2.5V 1.8V 1.5V SSTL_2_CLASS_I Drive Strength Column I/O Pins Dedicated Clock Outputs Row I/O Pins –6 –7 –8 –6 –7 –8 –6 –7 –8 Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade 4 mA 438 439 439 338 362 387 338 362 387 8 mA 306 321 336 267 283 299 267 283 299 12 mA 139 179 220 193 198 202 193 198 202 16 mA 145 158 172 139 147 156 139 147 156 20 mA 65 77 90 74 79 84 74 79 84 24 mA 19 20 21 14 18 22 14 18 22 4 mA 298 305 313 197 205 214 197 205 214 8 mA 190 205 219 112 118 125 112 118 125 12 mA 43 72 101 27 31 35 27 31 35 16 mA 87 99 110 — — — — — — 20 mA 36 46 56 — — — — — — 24 mA 24 25 27 — — — — — — 4 mA 228 233 237 270 306 343 270 306 343 8 mA 173 177 180 191 199 208 191 199 208 12 mA 119 121 123 — — — — — — 16 mA 64 65 66 — — — — — — 2 mA 452 457 461 332 367 403 332 367 403 4 mA 321 347 373 244 291 337 244 291 337 6 mA 227 255 283 178 222 266 178 222 266 8 mA 37 118 199 58 133 207 58 133 207 10 mA 41 72 103 46 85 123 46 85 123 12 mA 7 8 10 13 28 44 13 28 44 2 mA 738 764 789 540 604 669 540 604 669 4 mA 499 518 536 300 354 408 300 354 408 6 mA 261 271 282 60 103 146 60 103 146 8 mA 22 25 29 — — — — — — 8 mA 46 47 49 25 40 56 25 40 56 12 mA 67 69 70 23 42 60 23 42 60 5–52 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–46. Maximum Output Clock Toggle Rate Derating Factors (Part 2 of 4) Maximum Output Clock Toggle Rate Derating Factors (ps/pF) I/O Standard SSTL_2_CLASS_II SSTL_18_ CLASS_I SSTL_18_ CLASS_II 1.8V_HSTL_ CLASS_I 1.8V_HSTL_ CLASS_II 1.5V_HSTL_ CLASS_I Drive Strength Column I/O Pins Dedicated Clock Outputs Row I/O Pins –6 –7 –8 –6 –7 –8 –6 –7 –8 Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade 16 mA 42 43 45 15 29 42 15 29 42 20 mA 41 42 44 — — — — — — 24 mA 40 42 43 — — — — — — 6 mA 20 22 24 46 47 49 46 47 49 8 mA 20 22 24 47 49 51 47 49 51 10 mA 20 22 25 23 25 27 23 25 27 12 mA 19 23 26 — — — — — — 16 mA 30 33 36 — — — — — — 18 mA 29 29 29 — — — — — — 8 mA 26 28 29 59 61 63 59 61 63 10 mA 46 47 48 65 66 68 65 66 68 12 mA 67 67 67 71 71 72 71 71 72 16 mA 62 65 68 — — — — — — 18 mA 59 62 65 — — — — — — 20 mA 57 59 62 — — — — — — 8 mA 40 40 41 28 32 36 28 32 36 10 mA 41 42 42 — — — — — — 12 mA 43 43 43 — — — — — — 16 mA 18 20 21 — — — — — — DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_2 8 mA _CLASS_I 12 mA 46 47 49 25 40 56 25 40 56 67 69 70 23 42 60 23 42 60 DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_2 16 mA _CLASS_II 20 mA 42 43 45 15 29 42 15 29 42 41 42 44 — — — — — — 1.5V_HSTL_ CLASS_II DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_ 18_CLASS_I Altera Corporation February 2008 24 mA 40 42 43 — — — — — — 6 mA 20 22 24 46 47 49 46 47 49 8 mA 20 22 24 47 49 51 47 49 51 10 mA 20 22 25 23 25 27 23 25 27 12 mA 19 23 26 — — — — — — 5–53 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–46. Maximum Output Clock Toggle Rate Derating Factors (Part 3 of 4) Maximum Output Clock Toggle Rate Derating Factors (ps/pF) I/O Standard Drive Strength Column I/O Pins Dedicated Clock Outputs Row I/O Pins –6 –7 –8 –6 –7 –8 –6 –7 –8 Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_ 18_CLASS_II 16 mA 30 33 36 — — — — — — 18 mA 29 29 29 — — — — — — 1.8V_ DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_ CLASS_I 8 mA 26 28 29 59 61 63 59 61 63 10 mA 46 47 48 65 66 68 65 66 68 12 mA 67 67 67 71 71 72 71 71 72 16 mA 62 65 68 — — — — — — 18 mA 59 62 65 — — — — — — 20 mA 57 59 62 — — — — — — 8 mA 40 40 41 28 32 36 28 32 36 10 mA 41 42 42 — — — — — — 12 mA 43 43 43 — — — — — — 16 mA 18 20 21 — — — — — — 1.8V_ DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_ CLASS_II 1.5V_ DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_ CLASS_I 1.5V_ DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_ CLASS_II LVDS — 11 13 16 11 13 15 11 13 15 RSDS — 11 13 16 11 13 15 11 13 15 MINI_LVDS — 11 13 16 11 13 15 11 13 15 SIMPLE_RSDS — 15 19 23 15 19 23 15 19 23 1.2V_HSTL — 130 132 133 — — — — — — 1.2V_ DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL — 130 132 133 — — — — — — PCI — — — — 99 120 142 99 120 142 PCI-X — — — — 99 121 143 99 121 143 LVTTL OCT_25 _OHMS 13 14 14 21 27 33 21 27 33 LVCMOS OCT_25 _OHMS 13 14 14 21 27 33 21 27 33 2.5V OCT_50 _OHMS 346 369 392 324 326 327 324 326 327 1.8V OCT_50 _OHMS 198 203 209 202 203 204 202 203 204 5–54 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–46. Maximum Output Clock Toggle Rate Derating Factors (Part 4 of 4) Maximum Output Clock Toggle Rate Derating Factors (ps/pF) I/O Standard Drive Strength Column I/O Pins Dedicated Clock Outputs Row I/O Pins –6 –7 –8 –6 –7 –8 –6 –7 –8 Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade SSTL_2_CLASS_I OCT_50 _OHMS 67 69 70 25 42 60 25 42 60 SSTL_18_CLASS_I OCT_50 _OHMS 30 33 36 47 49 51 47 49 51 High Speed I/O Timing Specifications The timing analysis for LVDS, mini-LVDS, and RSDS is different compared to other I/O standards because the data communication is source-synchronous. You should also consider board skew, cable skew, and clock jitter in your calculation. This section provides details on the timing parameters for high-speed I/O standards in Cyclone II devices. Table 5–47 defines the parameters of the timing diagram shown in Figure 5–3. Table 5–47. High-Speed I/O Timing Definitions (Part 1 of 2) Parameter Symbol Description High-speed clock fH S C K L K High-speed receiver and transmitter input and output clock frequency. Duty cycle tD U T Y Duty cycle on high-speed transmitter output clock. High-speed I/O data rate HSIODR High-speed receiver and transmitter input and output data rate. Time unit interval TUI TUI = 1/HSIODR. Channel-to-channel skew TCCS The timing difference between the fastest and slowest output edges, including tCO variation and clock skew. The clock is included in the TCCS measurement. TCCS = TUI – SW – (2 × RSKM) Altera Corporation February 2008 5–55 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–47. High-Speed I/O Timing Definitions (Part 2 of 2) Parameter Symbol Description Sampling window SW The period of time during which the data must be valid in order for you to capture it correctly. Sampling window is the sum of the setup time, hold time, and jitter. The window of tSU + tH is expected to be centered in the sampling window. SW = TUI – TCCS – (2 × RSKM) Receiver input skew margin RSKM RSKM is defined by the total margin left after accounting for the sampling window and TCCS. RSKM = (TUI – SW – TCCS) / 2 Input jitter (peak to peak) — Peak-to-peak input jitter on high-speed PLLs. Output jitter (peak to peak) — Peak-to-peak output jitter on high-speed PLLs. Signal rise time tR I S E Low-to-high transmission time. Signal fall time tFA L L High-to-low transmission time. Lock time tL O C K Lock time for high-speed transmitter and receiver PLLs. Figure 5–3. High-Speed I/O Timing Diagram External Input Clock Time Unit Interval (TUI) Internal Clock Receiver Input Data TCCS RSKM RSKM TCCS Sampling Window (SW) Figure 5–4 shows the high-speed I/O timing budget. 5–56 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Figure 5–4. High-Speed I/O Timing Budget Note (1) Internal Clock Period 0.5 × TCCS RSKM SW RSKM 0.5 × TCCS Note to Figure 5–4: (1) The equation for the high-speed I/O timing budget is: period = TCCS + RSKM + SW + RSKM. Table 5–48 shows the RSDS timing budget for Cyclone II devices at 311 Mbps. RSDS is supported for transmitting from Cyclone II devices. Cyclone II devices cannot receive RSDS data because the devices are intended for applications where they will be driving display drivers. Cyclone II devices support a maximum RSDS data rate of 311 Mbps using DDIO registers. Cyclone II devices support RSDS only in the commercial temperature range. Table 5–48. RSDS Transmitter Timing Specification (Part 1 of 2) –6 Speed Grade Symbol fH S C L K (input clock frequency) Device operation in Mbps tD U T Y –7 Speed Grade –8 Speed Grade Conditions Unit Min Typ Max(1) Min Typ Max(1) Min Typ Max(1) ×10 10 — 155.5 10 — 155.5 10 — 155.5 MHz ×8 10 — 155.5 10 — 155.5 10 — 155.5 MHz ×7 10 — 155.5 10 — 155.5 10 — 155.5 MHz ×4 10 — 155.5 10 — 155.5 10 — 155.5 MHz ×2 10 — 155.5 10 — 155.5 10 — 155.5 MHz ×1 10 — 311 10 — 311 10 — 311 MHz ×10 100 — 311 100 — 311 100 — 311 Mbps ×8 80 — 311 80 — 311 80 — 311 Mbps ×7 70 — 311 70 — 311 70 — 311 Mbps ×4 40 — 311 40 — 311 40 — 311 Mbps ×2 20 — 311 20 — 311 20 — 311 Mbps ×1 10 — 311 10 — 311 10 — 311 Mbps — 45 — 55 45 — 55 45 — 55 % Altera Corporation February 2008 5–57 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–48. RSDS Transmitter Timing Specification (Part 2 of 2) –6 Speed Grade Symbol –7 Speed Grade –8 Speed Grade Conditions Unit Min Typ Max(1) Min Typ Max(1) Min Typ Max(1) TCCS — — — 200 — — 200 — — 200 ps Output jitter (peak to peak) — — — 500 — — 500 — — 500 ps tR I S E 20–80%, CL O A D = 5 pF — 500 — — 500 — — 500 — ps tF A L L 80–20%, CL O A D = 5 pF — 500 — — 500 — — 500 — ps tL O C K — — 100 — 100 — — 100 μs Note to Table 5–48: (1) These specifications are for a three-resistor RSDS implementation. For single-resistor RSDS in ×10 through ×2 modes, the maximum data rate is 170 Mbps and the corresponding maximum input clock frequency is 85 MHz. For single-resistor RSDS in ×1 mode, the maximum data rate is 170 Mbps, and the maximum input clock frequency is 170 MHz. For more information about the different RSDS implementations, refer to the High-Speed Differential Interfaces in Cyclone II Devices chapter of the Cyclone II Device Handbook. In order to determine the transmitter timing requirements, RSDS receiver timing requirements on the other end of the link must be taken into consideration. RSDS receiver timing parameters are typically defined as tSU and tH requirements. Therefore, the transmitter timing parameter specifications are tCO (minimum) and tCO (maximum). Refer to Figure 5–4 for the timing budget. The AC timing requirements for RSDS are shown in Figure 5–5. 5–58 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Figure 5–5. RSDS Transmitter Clock to Data Relationship Transmitter Clock (5.88 ns) Channel-to-Channel Skew (1.68 ns) At transmitter tx_data[11..0] Transmitter Valid Data Transmitter Valid Data At receiver rx_data[11..0] Valid Data Valid Data Total Skew tSU (2 ns) tH (2 ns) Table 5–49 shows the mini-LVDS transmitter timing budget for Cyclone II devices at 311 Mbps. Cyclone II devices cannot receive mini-LVDS data because the devices are intended for applications where they will be driving display drivers. A maximum mini-LVDS data rate of 311 Mbps is supported for Cyclone II devices using DDIO registers. Cyclone II devices support mini-LVDS only in the commercial temperature range. Table 5–49. Mini-LVDS Transmitter Timing Specification (Part 1 of 2) –6 Speed Grade Symbol –8 Speed Grade Unit Min fH S C L K (input clock frequency) –7 Speed Grade Conditions Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max ×10 10 — 155.5 10 — 155.5 10 — 155.5 MHz ×8 10 — 155.5 10 — 155.5 10 — 155.5 MHz ×7 10 — 155.5 10 — 155.5 10 — 155.5 MHz ×4 10 — 155.5 10 — 155.5 10 — 155.5 MHz ×2 10 — 155.5 10 — 155.5 10 — 155.5 MHz ×1 10 — 311 10 — 311 10 — 311 MHz Altera Corporation February 2008 5–59 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–49. Mini-LVDS Transmitter Timing Specification (Part 2 of 2) –6 Speed Grade Symbol tD U T Y –8 Speed Grade Unit Min Device operation in Mbps –7 Speed Grade Conditions Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max ×10 100 — 311 100 — 311 100 — 311 Mbps ×8 80 — 311 80 — 311 80 — 311 Mbps ×7 70 — 311 70 — 311 70 — 311 Mbps ×4 40 — 311 40 — 311 40 — 311 Mbps ×2 20 — 311 20 — 311 20 — 311 Mbps ×1 10 — 311 10 — 311 10 — 311 Mbps — 45 — 55 45 — 55 45 — 55 % TCCS — — — 200 — — 200 — — 200 ps Output jitter (peak to peak) — — — 500 — — 500 — — 500 ps tR I S E 20–80% — — 500 — — 500 — — 500 ps tF A L L 80–20% — — 500 — — 500 — — 500 ps — — 100 — — 100 — — 100 μs tL O C K In order to determine the transmitter timing requirements, mini-LVDS receiver timing requirements on the other end of the link must be taken into consideration. The mini-LVDS receiver timing parameters are typically defined as tSU and tH requirements. Therefore, the transmitter timing parameter specifications are tCO (minimum) and tCO (maximum). Refer to Figure 5–4 for the timing budget. The AC timing requirements for mini-LVDS are shown in Figure 5–6. Figure 5–6. mini-LVDS Transmitter AC Timing Specification TUI LVDSCLK[]n LVDSCLK[]p tSU (1) tH (2) tSU (1) tH (2) LVDS[]p LVDS[]n Notes to Figure 5–6: (1) (2) The data setup time, tSU, is 0.225 × TUI. The data hold time, tH, is 0.225 × TUI. 5–60 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Tables 5–50 and 5–51 show the LVDS timing budget for Cyclone II devices. Cyclone II devices support LVDS receivers at data rates up to 805 Mbps, and LVDS transmitters at data rates up to 640 Mbps. Table 5–50. LVDS Transmitter Timing Specification (Part 1 of 2) –6 Speed Grade Symbol Conditions –7 Speed Grade –8 Speed Grade Max (1) (2) — 155.5 (4) 320 (6) MHz 10 — 155.5 (4) 320 (6) MHz 320 10 — 155.5 (4) 320 (6) MHz 275 320 10 — 155.5 (4) 320 (6) MHz — 275 320 10 — 155.5 (4) 320 (6) MHz 10 — 402.5 402.5 10 — 402.5 (8) 402.5 (8) MHz 640 100 — 550 640 100 — 311 (5) 550 (7) Mbps 640 640 80 — 550 640 80 — 311 (5) 550 (7) Mbps — 640 640 70 — 550 640 70 — 311 (5) 550 (7) Mbps 40 — 640 640 40 — 550 640 40 — 311 (5) 550 (7) Mbps ×2 20 — 640 640 20 — 550 640 20 — 311 (5) 550 (7) Mbps ×1 10 — 402.5 402.5 10 — 402.5 402.5 10 — 402.5 (9) 402.5 (9) Mbps — 45 — 55 — 45 — 55 — 45 — 55 — % — — — — 160 — 312.5 — TCCS (3) — — Output jitter (peak to peak) — 20–80% HSIODR tD U T Y tR I S E Max (1) (2) — 275 10 — 320 10 320 320 — 320 10 — ×10 100 ×8 Unit Max fH S C L K (input clock frequency) Max Max Max (1) (2) — 320 10 — ×7 10 ×4 Min Typ Min Typ 320 10 320 10 320 320 275 320 — 320 — 275 10 — 10 — ×2 10 320 10 ×1 402.5 402.5 — 640 80 — ×7 70 ×4 Min Typ ×10 10 ×8 Altera Corporation February 2008 — — — 200 — — — 200 — — — — 500 — — 500 150 200 250 150 200 250 363.6 ps — 200 ps — — 550 (10) ps 150 200 250 (11) ps 5–61 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–50. LVDS Transmitter Timing Specification (Part 2 of 2) –6 Speed Grade Symbol Conditions Min Typ –7 Speed Grade Max Max (1) (2) Min Typ –8 Speed Grade Max Max (1) (2) Min Typ Max Max (1) (2) Unit tF A L L 80–20% 150 200 250 150 200 250 150 200 250 (11) ps tL O C K — — — 100 — — 100 — — 100 (12) μs Notes to Table 5–50: (1) (2) The maximum data rate that complies with duty cycle distortion of 45–55%. The maximum data rate when taking duty cycle in absolute ps into consideration that may not comply with 45–55% duty cycle distortion. If the downstream receiver can handle duty cycle distortion beyond the 45–55% range, you may use the higher data rate values from this column. You can calculate the duty cycle distortion as a percentage using the absolute ps value. For example, for a data rate of 640 Mbps (UI = 1562.5 ps) and a tD U T Y of 250 ps, the duty cycle distortion is ± tD U T Y /(UI*2) *100% = ± 250 ps/(1562.5 *2) * 100% = ± 8%, which gives you a duty cycle distortion of 42–58%. (3) The TCCS specification applies to the entire bank of LVDS, as long as the SERDES logic is placed within the LAB adjacent to the output pins. (4) For extended temperature devices, the maximum input clock frequency for ×10 through ×2 modes is 137.5 MHz. (5) For extended temperature devices, the maximum data rate for ×10 through ×2 modes is 275 Mbps. (6) For extended temperature devices, the maximum input clock frequency for ×10 through ×2 modes is 200 MHz. (7) For extended temperature devices, the maximum data rate for ×10 through ×2 modes is 400 Mbps. (8) For extended temperature devices, the maximum input clock frequency for ×1 mode is 340 MHz. (9) For extended temperature devices, the maximum data rate for ×1 mode is 340 Mbps. (10) For extended temperature devices, the maximum output jitter (peak to peak) is 600 ps. (11) For extended temperature devices, the maximum tR I S E and tFA L L are 300 ps. (12) For extended temperature devices, the maximum lock time is 500 us. 5–62 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–51. LVDS Receiver Timing Specification –6 Speed Grade Symbol fH S C L K (input clock frequency) –7 Speed Grade –8 Speed Grade Conditions ×10 Unit Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max 10 — 402.5 10 — 320 10 — 320 (1) MHz ×8 10 — 402.5 10 — 320 10 — 320 (1) MHz ×7 10 — 402.5 10 — 320 10 — 320 (1) MHz ×4 10 — 402.5 10 — 320 10 — 320 (1) MHz ×2 10 — 402.5 10 — 320 10 — 320 (1) MHz ×1 10 — 402.5 10 — 402.5 10 — 402.5 (3) MHz ×10 100 — 805 100 — 640 100 — 640 (2) Mbps ×8 80 — 805 80 — 640 80 — 640 (2) Mbps ×7 70 — 805 70 — 640 70 — 640 (2) Mbps ×4 40 — 805 40 — 640 40 — 640 (2) Mbps ×2 20 — 805 20 — 640 20 — 640 (2) Mbps ×1 10 — 402.5 10 — 402.5 10 — 402.5 (4) Mbps SW — — — 300 — — 400 — — 400 ps Input jitter tolerance — — — 500 — — 500 — — 550 ps tL O C K — — — 100 — — 100 — — 100 (5) ps HSIODR Notes to Table 5–51: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) For extended temperature devices, the maximum input clock frequency for x10 through x2 modes is 275 MHz. For extended temperature devices, the maximum data rate for x10 through x2 modes is 550 Mbps. For extended temperature devices, the maximum input clock frequency for x1 mode is 340 MHz. For extended temperature devices, the maximum data rate for x1 mode is 340 Mbps. For extended temperature devices, the maximum lock time is 500 us. External Memory Interface Specifications Table 5–52 shows the DQS bus clock skew adder specifications. Table 5–52. DQS Bus Clock Skew Adder Specifications Mode DQS Clock Skew Adder Unit ×9 155 ps ×18 190 ps Note to Table 5–52: (1) Altera Corporation February 2008 This skew specification is the absolute maximum and minimum skew. For example, skew on a ×9 DQ group is 155 ps or ±77.5 ps. 5–63 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications JTAG Timing Specifications Figure 5–7 shows the timing requirements for the JTAG signals. Figure 5–7. Cyclone II JTAG Waveform TMS TDI t JCP t JCH t JCL t JPSU t JPH TCK tJPZX t JPXZ t JPCO TDO tJSSU Signal to be Captured Signal to be Driven 5–64 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 tJSZX tJSH tJSCO tJSXZ Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–53 shows the JTAG timing parameters and values for Cyclone II devices. Table 5–53. Cyclone II JTAG Timing Parameters and Values Symbol Parameter Min Max Unit tJ C P TCK clock period 40 — ns tJ C H TCK clock high time 20 — ns tJ C L TCK clock low time 20 — ns tJ P S U JTAG port setup time (2) 5 — ns tJ P H JTAG port hold time 10 — ns tJ P C O JTAG port clock to output (2) — 13 ns tJ P Z X JTAG port high impedance to valid output (2) — 13 ns tJ P X Z JTAG port valid output to high impedance (2) — 13 ns tJ S S U Capture register setup time (2) 5 — ns tJ S H Capture register hold time 10 — ns tJ S C O Update register clock to output — 25 ns tJ S Z X Update register high impedance to valid output — 25 ns tJ S X Z Update register valid output to high impedance — 25 ns Notes to Table 5–53: (1) (2) This information is preliminary. This specification is shown for 3.3-V LVTTL/LVCMOS and 2.5-V LVTTL/LVCMOS operation of the JTAG pins. For 1.8-V LVTTL/LVCMOS and 1.5-V LVCMOS, the JTAG port and capture register clock setup time is 3 ns and port clock to output time is 15 ns. 1 f Altera Corporation February 2008 Cyclone II devices must be within the first 17 devices in a JTAG chain. All of these devices have the same JTAG controller. If any of the Cyclone II devices are in the 18th position or after they will fail configuration. This does not affect the SignalTap® II logic analyzer. For more information on JTAG, refer to the IEEE 1149.1 (JTAG) Boundary-Scan Testing for Cyclone II Devices chapter in the Cyclone II Handbook. 5–65 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications PLL Timing Specifications Table 5–54 describes the Cyclone II PLL specifications when operating in the commercial junction temperature range (0° to 85° C), the industrial junction temperature range (–40° to 100° C), the automotive junction temperature range (–40° to 125° C), and the extended temperature range (–40° to 125° C). Follow the PLL specifications for –8 speed grade devices when operating in the industrial, automotive, or extended temperature range. Table 5–54. PLL Specifications Note (1) (Part 1 of 2) Symbol fI N fI N P F D fI N D U T Y Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Input clock frequency (–6 speed grade) 10 — (4) MHz Input clock frequency (–7 speed grade) 10 — (4) MHz Input clock frequency (–8 speed grade) 10 — (4) MHz PFD input frequency (–6 speed grade) 10 — 402.5 MHz PFD input frequency (–7 speed grade) 10 — 402.5 MHz PFD input frequency (–8 speed grade) 10 — 402.5 MHz Input clock duty cycle 40 — 60 % tI N J I T T E R (5) Input clock period jitter — 200 — ps fO U T _ E X T (external clock output) PLL output frequency (–6 speed grade) 10 — (4) MHz fO U T (to global clock) PLL output frequency (–7 speed grade) 10 — (4) MHz PLL output frequency (–8 speed grade) 10 — (4) MHz PLL output frequency (–6 speed grade) 10 — 500 MHz PLL output frequency (–7 speed grade) 10 — 450 MHz PLL output frequency (–8 speed grade) 10 — 402.5 MHz tO U T D U T Y Duty cycle for external clock output (when set to 50%) 45 — 55 % tJ I T T E R (p-p) (2) Period jitter for external clock output fO U T _ E X T > 100 MHz — — 300 ps fO U T _ E X T ≤100 MHz — — 30 mUI tL O C K Time required to lock from end of device configuration — — 100 (6) μs tPLL_PSERR Accuracy of PLL phase shift — — ±60 ps 5–66 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–54. PLL Specifications Note (1) (Part 2 of 2) Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max Unit fV C O (3) PLL internal VCO operating range 300 — 1,000 MHz tA R E S E T Minimum pulse width on areset signal. 10 — — ns Notes to Table 5–54: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) These numbers are preliminary and pending silicon characterization. The tJITTER specification for the PLL[4..1]_OUT pins are dependent on the I/O pins in its VCCIO bank, how many of them are switching outputs, how much they toggle, and whether or not they use programmable current strength. If the VCO post-scale counter = 2, a 300- to 500-MHz internal VCO frequency is available. This parameter is limited in the Quartus II software by the I/O maximum frequency. The maximum I/O frequency is different for each I/O standard. Cyclone II PLLs can track a spread-spectrum input clock that has an input jitter within ±200 ps. For extended temperature devices, the maximum lock time is 500 us. Duty Cycle Distortion Duty cycle distortion (DCD) describes how much the falling edge of a clock is off from its ideal position. The ideal position is when both the clock high time (CLKH) and the clock low time (CLKL) equal half of the clock period (T), as shown in Figure 5–8. DCD is the deviation of the non-ideal falling edge from the ideal falling edge, such as D1 for the falling edge A and D2 for the falling edge B (Figure 5–8). The maximum DCD for a clock is the larger value of D1 and D2. Figure 5–8. Duty Cycle Distortion Ideal Falling Edge CLKH = T/2 CLKL = T/2 D1 Falling Edge A D2 Falling Edge B Clock Period (T) DCD expressed in absolution derivation, for example, D1 or D2 in Figure 5–8, is clock-period independent. DCD can also be expressed as a percentage, and the percentage number is clock-period dependent. DCD as a percentage is defined as: Altera Corporation February 2008 5–67 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Duty Cycle Distortion (T/2 – D1) / T (the low percentage boundary) (T/2 + D2) / T (the high percentage boundary) DCD Measurement Techniques DCD is measured at an FPGA output pin driven by registers inside the corresponding I/O element (IOE) block. When the output is a single data rate signal (non-DDIO), only one edge of the register input clock (positive or negative) triggers output transitions (Figure 5–9). Therefore, any DCD present on the input clock signal, or caused by the clock input buffer, or different input I/O standard, does not transfer to the output signal. Figure 5–9. DCD Measurement Technique for Non-DDIO (Single-Data Rate) Outputs IOE DFF D Q output clk However, when the output is a double data rate input/output (DDIO) signal, both edges of the input clock signal (positive and negative) trigger output transitions (Figure 5–10). Therefore, any distortion on the input clock and the input clock buffer affect the output DCD. 5–68 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Figure 5–10. DCD Measurement Technique for DDIO (Double-Data Rate) Outputs DFF PRN clk D INPUT VCC GND Q CLRN 1 0 output VCC DFF PRN D Q CLRN When an FPGA PLL generates the internal clock, the PLL output clocks the IOE block. As the PLL only monitors the positive edge of the reference clock input and internally re-creates the output clock signal, any DCD present on the reference clock is filtered out. Therefore, the DCD for a DDIO output with PLL in the clock path is better than the DCD for a DDIO output without PLL in the clock path. Tables 5–55 through 5–58 give the maximum DCD in absolution derivation for different I/O standards on Cyclone II devices. Examples are also provided that show how to calculate DCD as a percentage. Table 5–55. Maximum DCD for Single Data Outputs (SDR) on Row I/O Pins Notes (1), (2) (Part 1 of 2) Row I/O Output Standard Altera Corporation February 2008 C6 C7 C8 Unit LVCMOS 165 230 230 ps LVTTL 195 255 255 ps 2.5-V 120 120 135 ps 1.8-V 115 115 175 ps 1.5-V 130 130 135 ps SSTL-2 Class I 60 90 90 ps SSTL-2 Class II 65 75 75 ps SSTL-18 Class I 90 165 165 ps HSTL-15 Class I 145 145 205 ps HSTL-18 Class I 85 155 155 ps 5–69 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Duty Cycle Distortion Table 5–55. Maximum DCD for Single Data Outputs (SDR) on Row I/O Pins Notes (1), (2) (Part 2 of 2) Row I/O Output Standard Differential SSTL-2 Class I C6 C7 C8 Unit 60 90 90 ps Differential SSTL-2 Class II 65 75 75 ps Differential SSTL-18 Class I 90 165 165 ps Differential HSTL-18 Class I 85 155 155 ps Differential HSTL-15 Class I 145 145 205 ps LVDS 60 60 60 ps Simple RSDS 60 60 60 ps Mini LVDS 60 60 60 ps PCI 195 255 255 ps PCI-X 195 255 255 ps Notes to Table 5–55: (1) (2) The DCD specification is characterized using the maximum drive strength available for each I/O standard. Numbers are applicable for commercial, industrial, and automotive devices. Here is an example for calculating the DCD as a percentage for an SDR output on a row I/O on a –6 device: If the SDR output I/O standard is SSTL-2 Class II, the maximum DCD is 65 ps (refer to Table 5–55). If the clock frequency is 167 MHz, the clock period T is: T = 1/ f = 1 / 167 MHz = 6 ns = 6000 ps To calculate the DCD as a percentage: (T/2 – DCD) / T = (6000 ps/2 – 65 ps) / 6000 ps = 48.91% (for low boundary) (T/2 + DCD) / T = (6000 ps/2 + 65 ps) / 6000ps = 51.08% (for high boundary Table 5–56. Maximum DCD for SDR Output on Column I/O Notes (1), (2) (Part 1 of 2) Column I/O Output Standard C6 C7 C8 Unit LVCMOS 195 285 285 ps LVTTL 210 305 305 ps 5–70 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–56. Maximum DCD for SDR Output on Column I/O Notes (1), (2) (Part 2 of 2) Column I/O Output Standard C6 C7 C8 Unit 2.5-V 140 140 155 ps 1.8-V 115 115 165 ps 1.5-V 745 745 770 ps SSTL-2 Class I 60 60 75 ps SSTL-2 Class II 60 60 80 ps SSTL-18 Class I 60 130 130 ps SSTL-18 Class II 60 135 135 ps HSTL-18 Class I 60 115 115 ps HSTL-18 Class II 75 75 100 ps HSTL-15 Class I 150 150 150 ps HSTL-15 Class II 135 135 155 ps Differential SSTL-2 Class I 60 60 75 ps Differential SSTL-2 Class II 60 60 80 ps Differential SSTL-18 Class I 60 130 130 ps Differential SSTL-18 Class II 60 135 135 ps Differential HSTL-18 Class I 60 115 115 ps Differential HSTL-18 Class II 75 75 100 ps Differential HSTL-15 Class I 150 150 150 ps Differential HSTL-15 Class II 135 135 155 ps LVDS 60 60 60 ps Simple RSDS 60 70 70 ps Mini-LVDS 60 60 60 ps Notes to Table 5–56: (1) (2) The DCD specification is characterized using the maximum drive strength available for each I/O standard. Numbers are applicable for commercial, industrial, and automotive devices. Table 5–57. Maximum for DDIO Output on Row Pins with PLL in the Clock Path Notes (1), (2) (Part 1 of 2) Row Pins with PLL in the Clock Path Altera Corporation February 2008 C6 C7 C8 Unit LVCMOS 270 310 310 ps LVTTL 285 305 335 ps 2.5-V 180 180 220 ps 1.8-V 165 175 205 ps 5–71 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Duty Cycle Distortion Table 5–57. Maximum for DDIO Output on Row Pins with PLL in the Clock Path Notes (1), (2) (Part 2 of 2) Row Pins with PLL in the Clock Path C6 C7 C8 Unit 1.5-V 280 280 280 ps SSTL-2 Class I 150 190 230 ps SSTL-2 Class II 155 200 230 ps SSTL-18 Class I 180 240 260 ps HSTL-18 Class I 180 235 235 ps HSTL-15 Class I 205 220 220 ps Differential SSTL-2 Class I 150 190 230 ps Differential SSTL-2 Class II 155 200 230 ps Differential SSTL-18 Class I 180 240 260 ps Differential HSTL-18 Class I 180 235 235 ps Differential HSTL-15 Class I 205 220 220 ps LVDS 95 110 120 ps Simple RSDS 100 155 155 ps Mini LVDS 95 110 120 ps PCI 285 305 335 ps PCI-X 285 305 335 ps Notes to Table 5–57: (1) (2) The DCD specification is characterized using the maximum drive strength available for each I/O standard. Numbers are applicable for commercial, industrial, and automotive devices. For DDIO outputs, you can calculate actual half period from the following equation: Actual half period = ideal half period – maximum DCD For example, if the DDR output I/O standard is SSTL-2 Class II, the maximum DCD for a –5 device is 155 ps (refer to Table 5–57). If the clock frequency is 167 MHz, the half-clock period T/2 is: T/2 = 1/(2* f )= 1 /(2*167 MHz) = 3 ns = 3000 ps 5–72 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications The actual half period is then = 3000 ps – 155 ps = 2845 ps Table 5–58. Maximum DCD for DDIO Output on Column I/O Pins with PLL in the Clock Path Notes (1), (2) Column I/O Pins in the Clock Path C6 C7 C8 Unit LVCMOS 285 400 445 ps LVTTL 305 405 460 ps 2.5-V 175 195 285 ps 1.8-V 190 205 260 ps 1.5-V 605 645 645 ps SSTL-2 Class I 125 210 245 ps SSTL-2 Class II 195 195 195 ps SSTL-18 Class I 130 240 245 ps SSTL-18 Class II 135 270 330 ps HSTL-18 Class I 135 240 240 ps HSTL-18 Class II 165 240 285 ps HSTL-15 Class I 220 335 335 ps HSTL-15 Class II 190 210 375 ps Differential SSTL-2 Class I 125 210 245 ps Differential SSTL-2 Class II 195 195 195 ps Differential SSTL-18 Class I 130 240 245 ps Differential SSTL-18 Class II 132 270 330 ps Differential HSTL-18 Class I 135 240 240 ps Differential HSTL-18 Class II 165 240 285 ps Differential HSTL-15 Class I 220 335 335 ps Differential HSTL-15 Class II 190 210 375 ps LVDS 110 120 125 ps Simple RSDS 125 125 275 ps Mini-LVDS 110 120 125 ps Notes to Table 5–58: (1) (2) Altera Corporation February 2008 The DCD specification is characterized using the maximum drive strength available for each I/O standard. Numbers are applicable for commercial, industrial, and automotive devices. 5–73 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Referenced Documents Referenced Documents This chapter references the following documents: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Document Revision History Cyclone II Architecture chapter in Cyclone II Device Handbook High-Speed Differential Interfaces in Cyclone II Devices chapter of the Cyclone II Device Handbook IEEE 1149.1 (JTAG) Boundary-Scan Testing for Cyclone II Devices chapter in the Cyclone II Handbook Operating Requirements for Altera Devices Data Sheet PowerPlay Early Power Estimator User Guide PowerPlay Power Analysis chapters in volume 3 of the Quartus II Handbook Table 5–59 shows the revision history for this document. Table 5–59. Document Revision History Date and Document Version February 2008 v4.0 April 2007 v3.2 Changes Made Summary of Changes Added I/O timing numbers for automotive-grade devices. ● Updated the following tables with I/O timing numbers for automotive-grade devices: Tables 5–2, 5–12, 5–13, 5–15, 5–16, 5–17, 5–18, 5–19, 5–21, 5–22, 5–23, 5–25, 5–26, 5–27, 5–28, 5–36, 5–37, 5–40, 5–41, 5–42, 5–43, 5–55, 5–56, 5–57, and 5–58. Added “Referenced Documents”. ● Updated Table 5–3. Updated RCONF typical and maximum values in Table 5–3. ● 5–74 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications February 2007 v3.1 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Added document revision history. Added VCCA minimum and maximum limitations in Table 5–1. Updated Note (1) in Table 5–2. Updated the maximum VCC rise time for Cyclone II “A” devices in Table 5–2. Updated RCONF information in Table 5–3. Changed VI to Ii in Table 5–3. Updated LVPECL clock inputs in Note (6) to Table 5–8. Updated Note (1) to Table 5–12. Updated CV R E F capacitance description in Table 5–13. Updated “Timing Specifications” section. Updated Table 5–45. Added Table 5–46 with information on toggle rate derating factors. Corrected calculation of the period based on a 640 Mbps data rate as 1562.5 ps in Note (2) to Table 5–50. Updated “PLL Timing Specifications” section. Updated VCO range of 300–500 MHz in Note (3) to Table 5–54. Updated chapter with extended temperature information. — December 2005 Updated PLL Timing Specifications v2.2 — November 2005 Updated technical content throughout. v2.1 — July 2005 v2.0 — Updated technical content throughout. November 2004 Updated the “Differential I/O Standards” section. v1.1 Updated Table 5–54. — June 2004 v1.0 — Added document to the Cyclone II Device Handbook. Altera Corporation February 2008 5–75 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Document Revision History 5–76 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 6. Reference & Ordering Information CII51006-1.4 Software Cyclone® II devices are supported by the Altera® Quartus® II design software, which provides a comprehensive environment for system-on-a-programmable-chip (SOPC) design. The Quartus II software includes HDL and schematic design entry, compilation and logic synthesis, full simulation and advanced timing analysis, SignalTap® II logic analyzer, and device configuration. See the Quartus II Handbook for more information on the Quartus II software features. The free Quartus II Web Edition software, available at www.Altera.com, supports Microsoft Windows XP and Windows 2000. The full version of Quartus II software is available through the Altera subscription program. The full version of Quartus II software supports all Altera devices, is available for Windows XP, Windows 2000, Sun Solaris, and Red Hat Linux operating systems, and includes a free suite of popular IP MegaCore® functions for DSP applications and interfacing to external memory devices. Quartus II software and Quartus II Web Edition software support seamless integration with your favorite third party EDA tools. Device Pin-Outs Device pin-outs for Cyclone II devices are available on the Altera web site (www.altera.com). For more information contact Altera Applications. Ordering Information Figure 6–1 describes the ordering codes for Cyclone II devices. For more information on a specific package, contact Altera Applications. Altera Corporation February 2007 6–1 Document Revision History Figure 6–1. Cyclone II Device Packaging Ordering Information EP2C 70 A F 324 C 7 ES Family Signature Optional Suffix Indicates specific device options or shipment method. ES: Engineering sample N: Lead-free devices EP2C: Cyclone II Device Type 5 8 15 20 35 50 70 Speed Grade 6, 7, or 8, with 6 being the fastest Fast-On Indicates devices with fast POR (Power on Reset) time. Operating Temperature C: Commercial temperature (tJ = 0° C to 85° C) I: Industrial temperature (tJ = -40° C to 100° C) Package Type T: Q: F: U: Pin Count Thin quad flat pack (TQFP) Plastic quad flat pack (PQFP) FineLine BGA Ultra FineLine BGA Document Revision History Number of pins for a particular package Table 6–1 shows the revision history for this document. Table 6–1. Document Revision History Date & Document Version February 2007 v1.5 Changes Made ● ● Added document revision history. Updated Figure 6–1. Summary of Changes ● Added Ultra FineLine BGA detail in UBGA Package information in Figure 6–1. November 2005 Updated software introduction. v1.2 November 2004 Updated Figure 6–1. v1.1 June 2004 v1.0 Added document to the Cyclone II Device Handbook. 6–2 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007