Data Sheet September 1999 W3011 1 GHz Quadrature Modulator Features modulation of an RF carrier by I & Q baseband inputs. It is particularly suited for use in mobile and handheld cellular telephones designed to the IS-136 (North American 824 MHz to 849 MHz), PDC (Japan RCR-STD27 889 MHz to 958 MHz), and other digital personal-communications standards. + Guaranteed performance at 2.7 V power supply + Output power of 3 dBm into 50 Ω load (singleended) with 3 V operation + Direct RF modulation with or without offset mixer The circuit block diagram is shown in Figure 1. From two LO signals, LOL and LOH, the offset mixer produces an internal LO signal, which prevents the external VCOs from being pulled by the large transmitted signal. The phase shifter splits the LO signal into two carriers with 90° phase separation and equal amplitude. + Automatic power control (APC) capability + Accurate 90° phase shifter for carrier + Double-balanced active mixers minimize carrier feedthrough (origin offset) + Low-current sleep mode These signals are fed to the in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) double-balanced mixers. The resulting signals are summed and fed into the output amplifier. This amplifier can provide 0 dBm linear output power, minimum, into a 50 Ω load. Applications + PDC 800 and American digital cellular mobile terminals The output power can be attenuated up to 50 dB by applying a control voltage to the APC input. Nominally, the output power is at maximum (+3 dBm) with VAPC > 2.2 V, and at minimum (–50 dBm) with VAPC < 0.8 V. + Cellular base stations Description A CMOS/TTL-compatible logic input allows the device to be put into a powerdown mode in which less than 10 µA of supply current is consumed. The W3011 1 GHz Quadrature Modulator is a monolithic integrated circuit that provides direct I BIAS AND CONTROL VCC ENABLE GROUND LOH IN 50 Ω –π/4 ∑ RFOUT φ LOL IN 50 Ω +π/4 Q APC Figure 1. Circuit Block Diagram EXTERNAL FILTER OR DIRECT LO INPUT W3011 1 GHz Quadrature Modulator Data Sheet September 1999 Pin Information IP IN 1 2 20 19 VCC VCCRF QP 3 18 GND QN 17 RFOUT APC 4 5 GND GND 6 16 15 7 8 14 LOLP 13 9 12 LOLN LOHP 11 LOHN ENABLE GND LC1 LC2 10 TOP VIEW GND Figure 2. Pin Configuration Table 1. Pin Descriptions 2 Pin Name Function 1 IP Differential Baseband Input (in-phase) 2 IN Differential Baseband Input (in-phase) 3 QP Differential Baseband Input (quad-phase) 4 QN Differential Baseband Input (quad-phase) 5 APC Automatic Power Control dc Input 6 GND dc Ground 7 ENABLE 8 GND dc Ground 9 LC1 Differential LO Input/External Filter 10 LC2 Differential LO Input/External Filter 11 LOHN Differential High-frequency Local Oscillator Input 12 LOHP Differential High-frequency Local Oscillator Input 13 LOLN Differential Low-frequency Local Oscillator Input 14 LOLP Differential Low-frequency Local Oscillator Input 15 GND dc Ground 16 GND dc Ground 17 RFOUT 18 GND 19 VCCRF Positive Power Supply for RF Output Stage 20 VCC Positive Power Supply (nonoutput circuits) Logic Enable Open-collector RF Output dc Ground Lucent Technologies Inc. Data Sheet September 1999 W3011 1 GHz Quadrature Modulator Absolute Maximum Ratings Stresses in excess of the absolute maximum ratings can cause permanent damage to the device. These are absolute stress ratings only, as shown in Table 2. Functional operation of the device is not implied at these or any other conditions in excess of those given in the operations sections of the data sheet. Exposure to absolute maximum ratings for extended periods can adversely affect device reliability. Table 2. Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Symbol Min Max Unit Ambient Operating Temperature TA –35 85 °C Storage Temperature Tstg –65 150 °C — — 300 °C Positive Supply Voltage VCC –0.3 4.5 V Power Dissipation PD — 650 mW Vp-p –0.3 VCC V — –0.3 VCC V Lead Temperature (soldering, 10 s) ac p-p Input Voltage Digital Voltages Handling Precautions Although protection circuitry has been designed into this device, proper precautions should be taken to avoid exposure to electrostatic discharge (ESD) during handling and mounting. Lucent Technologies Microelectronics Group employs a human-body model (HBM) and a charged-device model (CDM) for ESD-susceptibility testing and protection design evaluation. ESD voltage thresholds are dependent on the circuit parameters used to define the model. No industry-wide standard has been adopted for CDM. However, a standard HBM (resistance = 1500 Ω, capacitance = 100 pF) is widely used and, therefore, can be used for comparison purposes. The HBM ESD threshold presented here was obtained by using these circuit parameters: ESD Threshold Voltage Model Rating HBM 2000 CDM (corner pins) CDM (noncorner pins) 500 500 Lucent Technologies Inc. 3 W3011 1 GHz Quadrature Modulator Data Sheet September 1999 Operating Ranges The W3011 operating ranges are shown in Table 3. Performance is not guaranteed over the full range of all conditions possible within this table. However, the table lists the ranges of external conditions in which the W3011 provides general functionality, which may be useful in specific applications, without risk of permanent damage. The conditions for guaranteed performance are described in Tables 4 and 5. Table 3. Operating Ranges Parameter Min Max Unit VCC 2.7 3.6 Vdc Ambient Operating Temperature –35 85 °C f LO Direct Mode (pins 9 and 10) 800 1000 MHz PLO Direct Mode (pins 9 and 10) 110 600 mVp-p Offset Local Oscillator (LOL) Frequency 50 800 MHz LOL Input Level –15 –3 dBm UHF Local Oscillator (LOH) Frequency 100 1300 MHz LOH Input Level –15 –3 dBm External dc Bias Voltage for I & Q Inputs with 0.282 Vrms ac Input Level: Differential ac Input 1.2 VCC – 0.7 Vdc Electrical Characteristics Table 4. dc and Digital Electrical Specifications Conditions unless otherwise noted: 2.7 ≤ VCC ≤ 3.3 Vdc; TA = 25 °C ± 3 °C; RL = 50 Ω, VAPC = 2.7 Vdc; f RF = 900 MHz, fLOL = 130 MHz, fLOH = 1030 MHz, –13 dBm < PLOL, PLOH < –5 dBm; I – I = 0.4 cos(2πt Ÿ 80 kHz), Q – Q = 0.4 cos(2πt Ÿ 80 kHz – π/2), Vbias of I, I , Q, and Q = 1.22 Vdc. Parameter Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Logic High Voltage VIH 0.7 VCC — VCC + 0.4 V Logic Low Voltage VIL GND – 0.4 — 0.3 VCC V Logic High Current (VIH = 3.3 V) IIH — — 10 µA Logic Low Current (VIL = 0.4 V) IIL — — 10 µA Powerup/down (after ENABLE change) — — — 4 µs IPDN — 0.3 50 µA ICC(on) ICC(on) — — 52 50 66 64 mA mA — — — — 46 43 — — mA mA Enable Input Power Supply Current Powerdown (ENB = 0) Transmit (ENB = VCC): (offset mixer on, APC @ max power) (offset mixer off, APC @ max power) Transmit (ENB = VCC): (offset mixer on, APC @ POUT < PMAX – 10 dB) (offset mixer off, APC @ POUT < PMAX – 10 dB) 4 Lucent Technologies Inc. Data Sheet September 1999 W3011 1 GHz Quadrature Modulator Electrical Characteristics (continued) Table 5. ac Specifications Conditions unless otherwise noted: 2.7 ≤ VCC ≤ 3.3 Vdc; TA = 25 °C ± 3 °C; RL = 50 Ω, VAPC = 2.7 Vdc; f RF = 900 MHz, fLOL = 130 MHz, fLOH = 1030 MHz, –15 dBm < PLOL, PLOH < –5 dBm; I – I = 0.4 cos(2πt Ÿ 80 kHz), Q – Q = 0.4 cos(2πt Ÿ 80 kHz – π/2), Vbias of I, I , Q, and Q = 1.22 Vdc. Parameter I&Q I & Q Signal Path 0.5 dB Bandwidth I & Q Input Resistance I & Q Input Capacitance to Ground I & Q Input Differential Signal for Max Output Offset Mixer LOL Input Impedance LOH Input Impedance LO Input Impedance (pins LC1, LC2) LOL Input IP3 Modulation Accuracy (POUT = –1 dBm) Carrier Suppression (POUT = –1 dBm) Carrier Suppression (entire usable APC range) Origin Offset (DQPSK inputs, all usable APC levels) Error Vector Magnitude (See Explanation of Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) Testing section.) Lower Sideband (LSB) Suppression (See Figure 3.) RF Output Output Power (0.8 Vp-p differential or single-ended 80 kHz sine-wave inputs to I and Q, with 90° between I and Q) Adjacent Channel Suppression (0.282 Vrms differential I and Q inputs, π/4 – DQPSK modulation, random data): Per PDC (RCR STD-27): ±50 kHz, All Usable APC Levels ±100 kHz, All Usable APC Levels ±100 kHz, Max RF Output (APC > 2.2) Per IS-136/IS-137 800 MHz Digital Mode: ±30 kHz, All Usable APC Levels ±60 kHz, All Usable APC Levels Noise Floor Suppression, FC ± >100 kHz APC (Automatic Power Control) Function Range of Usable Output Power Control for Japan PDC (RCR STD-27), from Max Power at APC = 2.7 V to Minimum APC Voltage Where Requirements for ACP and Carrier Suppression Are Still Met Using π/4 – DQPSK/α = 0.5 Modulation at 0.282 Vrms Differential I and Q Inputs: Offset Mixer Not Used Offset Mixer Used Output Power Variation Due to Temperature, within Usable Control Range RF Power Change Time (after APC change) APC Voltage for Max Output Power APC Voltage for Min Output Power Lucent Technologies Inc. Min Typ Max Unit — — — — 5 200 5 0.8 — — — — MHz kΩ pF Vp-p — — — — 50 50 480//1 10 — — — — Ω Ω Ω//pF dBm — — — — –35 — — 2.5 –28 –26 –23 5 dBUSB dBUSB dBc % — –43 –34 dBUSB –1 3 — dBm — — — –65 — –75 –55 –62 –65 dBc dBc dBc — — — –45 –60 –120 –36 –50 –112 dBc dBc dBc/Hz 29 39 — — — — 40 45 4 — 2.2 0.8 — — 6 2 — — dB dB dB µs Vdc Vdc 5 W3011 1 GHz Quadrature Modulator Data Sheet September 1999 Explanation of Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) Testing Error vector magnitude (EVM) is estimated by feeding signals to the W3011 as described above in Table 5. A typical narrowband, sine-wave modulation output spectrum appears in Figure 3. USB 0 dBm 0 fl = fQ = 80 kHz fLOL = 130 MHz fLOH = 1030 MHz MAGNITUDE (dBm) –10 –20 LSB –38 dBm –30 Fc –40 dBm L3 –48 dBm –40 U2 –50 dBm –50 –60 –70 L5 –72 dBm L4 –75 dBm L2 –70 dBm U3 –72 dBm U5 –62 dBm U4 –70 dBm –80 899.60 899.68 899.76 899.84 899.92 900 900.08 900.16 900.24 900.32 900.40 FREQUENCY (MHz) Figure 3. W3011 Sine-Wave Modulation Output Spectrum Data from this spectrum is used to estimate EVM by the formula: P(L5)/20 P(L4)/20 P(L3)/20 P(L2)/20 P(LSB)/20 EVM (%) = 100 Ÿ [10 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 P(U3)/20 P(U4)/20 P(U5)/20 P(USB)/20 10 + 10 + 10 ]/10 P(U2)/20 + 10 + The data presented in the spectrum above would yield: EVM (%) = 100 Ÿ [251e–6 + 178e–6 + 3981e–6 + 316e–6 + 12589e–6 + 3162e–6 + 251e–6 + 316e–6 + 794e–6]/1000e–3 = 2.18% This approximates worst-case digital modulation results, because the sine-wave modulation estimate assumes all spurious outputs are in phase and adds their magnitudes as scalars. In addition, this estimate includes fullamplitude measurements of spurious peaks that would appear in adjacent and alternate channels, where a receiver would otherwise provide attenuation. The L3 third-order intermodulation peak and LSB (lower sideband) are normally the unwanted output frequencies that dominate the EVM estimate. 6 Lucent Technologies Inc. Data Sheet September 1999 W3011 1 GHz Quadrature Modulator RFOUT Matching: Basic Open Collector Termination The W3011 RF output uses an open collector output architecture. To operate properly, this requires that dc bias current be provided through the output pin (pin 17). Thus, the output matching network must always provide a shunt dc connection to the positive power supply. Examples of such a connection include a shunt-matching inductor or a shunt RF choke. Figure 4 illustrates a simple RFOUT matching configuration. VCC 20 19 18 TO TX SAW FILTER (50 Ω) 17 Figure 4. W3011 RF Output Diagram Offset Mixer W3011 with Offset Mixer Disabled If the offset mixer in the W3011 is not required for the frequency plan, the offset mixer may be turned off by connecting the positive supply (VCC) to any or all of pins 11 (LOHN), 12 (LOHP), 13 (LOLN), or 14 (LOLP), as illustrated in Figure 5 below. Disabling the offset mixer reduces current consumption 2 mA to 3 mA. If pin 11 is connected to VCC, pins 12, 13, and 14 must be connected to VCC or no-connect (NC). Connect the RF VCO to either pin 9 or pin 10 through a low-impedance coupling capacitor, and connect the unused pin (10 or 9) through a similar capacitor to ground. I 1 VCC 20 Q TO TX SAW FILTER APC ENB CONNECT VCC TO ANY OF PINS 11—14 TO DISABLE OFFSET MIXER AND REDUCE POWER SUPPLY CURRENT 14 13 12 10 11 VCC OPTIONAL TERMINATION RESISTOR Figure 5. W3011 Application with Offset Mixer Disabled Lucent Technologies Inc. 7 W3011 1 GHz Quadrature Modulator Data Sheet September 1999 Offset Mixer (continued) W3011 Using Offset Mixer If the W3011 offset mixer is required, two VCOs must be connected (see Figure 6). A low-frequency (VHF) oscillator may be dc-coupled to either pin 13 (LOLN) or pin 14 (LOLP) if the VCO contains a dc-blocking capacitor at its output. Otherwise, use a low-impedance series capacitor between the VCO output and the LOL input. The other LOL pin must be dc-grounded (no external capacitor for the grounded pin). As shown in Figure 1, there is a 50 Ω termination resistor on chip, connected between pins 13 and 14. In the same way, as shown in Figure 6, one of the pins 11 (LOHN) or 12 (LOHP) must be connected to dc ground. The other pin is connected to a high-frequency (UHF) VCO, using either dc coupling (if the VCO contains a dc-blocking capacitor at its output) or a low-impedance series-coupling capacitor. There is also a 50 Ω termination resistor on chip connected between pins 11 and 12. When the offset mixer is used, it is necessary to filter the offset mixer output signal with a parallel-tuned LC filter between pins 9 and 10. The resonant frequency of this filter should be approximately the center of the transmit RF band (for example, about 920 MHz for PDC 800). The filter should be adjusted for lowest EVM at RFOUT. VCC 20 1 I Q APC RFOUT φ LOL VCO ENB 14 13 9 12 10 11 LOH (UHF) VCO Figure 6. W3011 Application Using Offset Mixer 8 Lucent Technologies Inc. Data Sheet September 1999 W3011 1 GHz Quadrature Modulator Characteristic Curves Conditions unless otherwise noted: VCC = 2.7; TA = 25 °C ± 3 °C; LOH = 755 MHz @ –12.5 dBm, LOL = 185 MHz @ –12.5 dBm; I/Q= 0.8 Vp-p π/4 – DQPSK; α = 0.5 (random data); I/Q Vcm = 1.22 Vdc; LC filter = 10 nH//2.2 pF; RFOUT = 940 MHz. VCC = 2.7 VCC = 3.0 VCC = 2.7 VCC = 3.0 VCC = 3.3 VCC = 3.3 10 60 0 55 SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) RFOUT (dBm) –10 –20 –30 –40 –50 –60 50 45 40 35 –70 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 APC VOLTAGE (V) 2.5 3.0 30 –70 –60 –50 –40 Figure 7. Output Power vs. APC and Supply Voltage –30 –20 –10 0 10 RF OUTPUT (dBm) Figure 9. Supply Current vs. Output Power 25 °C –20 °C LO = –15 dBm LO = –10 dBm 85 °C LO = –5 dBm 10 50 0 45 CARRIER SUPPRESSION (dB) RFOUT (dBm) –10 –20 –30 –40 –50 –60 –70 –80 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 APC VOLTAGE (V) 3.0 Figure 8. Output Power vs. APC Voltage and Temperature Lucent Technologies Inc. 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 –60 –50 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10 OUTPUT POWER (dBm) Figure 10. Carrier Suppression vs. Output Power and LO Level 9 W3011 1 GHz Quadrature Modulator Data Sheet September 1999 Characteristic Curves (continued) ± 50 kHz ± 100 kHz ERROR VECTOR MAGNITUDE (%rms) 5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 10 ADJACENT CHANNEL POWER (dB) 25 °C –20 °C 85 °C BELOW –30 dBm RF OUTPUT MEASUREMENT MAY BE LIMITED BY NOISE FLOOR OF SPECTRUM ANALYZER. 0 –10 –20 –30 –40 –50 –60 –70 1.5 –80 –70 1 0.5 –60 –50 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10 OUTPUT POWER (dBm) 0 –50 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10 Figure 13. Adjacent Channel Power Suppression for PDC RFOUT (dBm) Figure 11. EVM vs. Output Power and Temperature 1.2 Vdc 1.3 Vdc 1.5 Vdc 10 9 8 EVM (%rms) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 –60 –50 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10 OUTPUT POWER (dBm) Figure 12. EVM vs. Output Power and I/Q Common-Mode Voltage 10 Lucent Technologies Inc. Data Sheet September 1999 W3011 1 GHz Quadrature Modulator Package Outline 20-Pin TSSOP Dimensions are in millimeters. 1.00 0.19/0.30 1.00 10 0.22 ± 0.03 1 WITH PLATING 1.00 0.090/0.135 0.090/0.20 6.25/6.5 0.254 M E M BASE METAL DETAIL C 11 20 SEE DETAIL A DETAIL B 1.10 MAX 0.65 BSC 0.90 ± 0.05 1 0.076 C 6.50 ± 0.10 0.15 MAX 4.3/4.5 SEATING PLANE -E- 0.090/0.20 SEE DETAIL C 0.25 BSC 0.60 ± 0.10 8 DETAIL A DETAIL B 5-5499 Lucent Technologies Inc. 11 W3011 1 GHz Quadrature Modulator Data Sheet September 1999 Manufacturing Information This device may be assembled in any of the following locations: assembly codes P, M, or T. Ordering Information Device Code Description Package Comcode LUCW3011FCL 1 GHz Quadrature Modulator 20-pin TSSOP 108 131 400 LUCW3011FCL-TR* 1 GHz Quadrature Modulator 20-pin TSSOP, tape and reel 108 131 426 Evaluation Board — 108 131 913 EVB3011 * Contact your Lucent Technologies Microelectronics Group Account Manager for minimum order requirements. For additional information, contact your Microelectronics Group Account Manager or the following: INTERNET: http://www.lucent.com/micro E-MAIL: [email protected] N. AMERICA Microelectronics Group, Lucent Technologies Inc., 555 Union Boulevard, Room 30L-15P-BA, Allentown, PA 18103 1-800-372-2447, FAX 610-712-4106 (In CANADA: 1-800-553-2448, FAX 610-712-4106) ASIA PACIFIC: Microelectronics Group, Lucent Technologies Singapore Pte. Ltd., 77 Science Park Drive, #03-18 Cintech III, Singapore 118256 Tel. (65) 778 8833, FAX (65) 777 7495 CHINA: Microelectronics Group, Lucent Technologies (China) Co., Ltd., A-F2, 23/F, Zao Fong Universe Building, 1800 Zhong Shan Xi Road, Shanghai 200233 P.R. China Tel. (86) 21 6440 0468, ext. 316, FAX (86) 21 6440 0652 JAPAN: Microelectronics Group, Lucent Technologies Japan Ltd., 7-18, Higashi-Gotanda 2-chome, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141, Japan Tel. (81) 3 5421 1600, FAX (81) 3 5421 1700 EUROPE: Data Requests: MICROELECTRONICS GROUP DATALINE: Tel. (44) 7000 582 368, FAX (44) 1189 328 148 Technical Inquiries: GERMANY: (49) 89 95086 0 (Munich), UNITED KINGDOM: (44) 1344 865 900 (Ascot), FRANCE: (33) 1 40 83 68 00 (Paris), SWEDEN: (46) 8 594 607 00 (Stockholm), FINLAND: (358) 9 4354 2800 (Helsinki), ITALY: (39) 02 6608131 (Milan), SPAIN: (34) 1 807 1441 (Madrid) Lucent Technologies Inc. reserves the right to make changes to the product(s) or information contained herein without notice. No liability is assumed as a result of their use or application. No rights under any patent accompany the sale of any such product(s) or information. Copyright © 1999 Lucent Technologies Inc. All Rights Reserved Printed in U.S.A. September 1999 DS99-205WRF (Replaces DS98-016WRF) Printed On Recycled Paper