Intersil ICL7107CM44Z 3â½ digit, lcd/led display, a/d converter Datasheet

ICL7106, ICL7107, ICL7107S
®
Data Sheet
December 1, 2005
3 1/2 Digit, LCD/LED Display, A/D
Converters
FN3082.8
Features
• Guaranteed Zero Reading for 0V Input on All Scales
The Intersil ICL7106 and ICL7107 are high performance, low
power, 31/2 digit A/D converters. Included are seven
segment decoders, display drivers, a reference, and a clock.
The ICL7106 is designed to interface with a liquid crystal
display (LCD) and includes a multiplexed backplane drive;
the ICL7107 will directly drive an instrument size light
emitting diode (LED) display.
The ICL7106 and ICL7107 bring together a combination of
high accuracy, versatility, and true economy. It features autozero to less than 10µV, zero drift of less than 1µV/oC, input
bias current of 10pA (Max), and rollover error of less than
one count. True differential inputs and reference are useful in
all systems, but give the designer an uncommon advantage
when measuring load cells, strain gauges and other bridge
type transducers. Finally, the true economy of single power
supply operation (ICL7106), enables a high performance
panel meter to be built with the addition of only 10 passive
components and a display.
• True Polarity at Zero for Precise Null Detection
• 1pA Typical Input Current
• True Differential Input and Reference, Direct Display Drive
- LCD ICL7106, LED lCL7107
• Low Noise - Less Than 15µVP-P
• On Chip Clock and Reference
• Low Power Dissipation - Typically Less Than 10mW
• No Additional Active Circuits Required
• Enhanced Display Stability
• Pb-Free Plus Anneal Available (RoHS Compliant)
Ordering Information
PART NO.
PART MARKING
ICL7106CPL
ICL7106CPL
TEMP. RANGE
(°C)
0 to 70
PACKAGE
PKG. DWG. #
40 Ld PDIP
E40.6
ICL7106CPLZ (Note 2)
ICL7106CPLZ
0 to 70
40 Ld PDIP(Pb-free) (Note 3)
E40.6
ICL7106CM44
ICL7106CM44
0 to 70
44 Ld MQFP
Q44.10x10
ICL7106CM44Z (Note 2)
ICL7106CM44Z
0 to 70
44 Ld MQFP (Pb-free)
Q44.10x10
ICL7106CM44ZT (Note 2)
ICL7106CM44Z
0 to 70
44 Ld MQFP Tape and Reel (Pb-free) Q44.10x10
ICL7107CPL
ICL7107CPL
0 to 70
40 Ld PDIP
E40.6
ICL7107CPLZ (Note 2)
ICL7107CPLZ
0 to 70
40 Ld PDIP(Pb-free) (Note 3)
E40.6
ICL7107RCPL
ICL7107RCPL
0 to 70
40 Ld PDIP (Note 1)
E40.6
ICL7107RCPLZ (Note 2)
ICL7107RCPLZ
0 to 70
40 Ld PDIP (Pb-free) (Notes 1, 3)
E40.6
ICL7107SCPL
ICL7107SCPL
0 to 70
40 Ld PDIP (Notes 1, 3)
E40.6
ICL7107SCPLZ (Note 2)
ICL7107SCPLZ
0 to 70
40 Ld PDIP (Pb-free) (Notes 1, 3)
E40.6
ICL7107CM44
ICL7107CM44
0 to 70
44 Ld MQFP
Q44.10x10
ICL7107CM44T
ICL7107CM44
0 to 70
44 Ld MQFP Tape and Reel
Q44.10x10
ICL7107CM44Z (Note 2)
ICL7107CM44Z
0 to 70
44 Ld MQFP (Pb-free)
Q44.10x10
ICL7107CM44ZT (Note 2)
ICL7107CM44Z
0 to 70
44 Ld MQFP Tape and Reel (Pb-free) Q44.10x10
NOTES:
1. “R” indicates device with reversed leads for mounting to PC board underside. “S” indicates enhanced stability.
2. Intersil Pb-free plus anneal products employ special Pb-free material sets; molding compounds/die attach materials and 100% matte tin plate
termination finish, which are RoHS compliant and compatible with both SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations. Intersil Pb-free products are
MSL classified at Pb-free peak reflow temperatures that meet or exceed the Pb-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J STD-020.
3. Pb-free PDIPs can be used for through hole wave solder processing only. They are not intended for use in Reflow solder processing applications.
1
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.
1-888-INTERSIL or 1-888-468-3774 | Intersil (and design) is a registered trademark of Intersil Americas Inc.
Copyright Intersil Americas Inc. 2002, 2004, 2005. All Rights Reserved
All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners.
ICL7106, ICL7107, ICL7107S
Pinouts
ICL7106, ICL7107 (PDIP)
TOP VIEW
ICL7107R (PDIP)
TOP VIEW
V+
1
40 OSC 1
D1
2
39 OSC 2
C1
3
B1
4
A1
5
F1
6
G1
7
E1
8
D2
9
C2
10
B2
11
A2
12
F2
13
28 BUFF
E2
14
27 INT
D3
15
B3
16
F3
17
E3
18
23 A3
(1000) AB4
19
22 G3
POL
20
35 REF LO
34 CREF+
33 CREF-
3
38 C1
TEST
4
37 B1
REF HI
5
36 A1
REF LO
6
35 F1
CREF+
7
34 G1
CREF-
8
33 E1
COMMON
9
32 D2
IN HI
10
31 C2
IN LO
11
30 B2
A-Z
12
29 A2
BUFF
13
28 F2
INT
14
27 E2
V-
15
26 D3
G2 (10’s)
16
25 B3
C3
17
24 F3
32 COMMON
31 IN HI
30 IN LO
29 A-Z
26 V25 G2 (10’s)
24 C3
(100’s)
(100’s)
(1’s)
(10’s)
(100’s)
A3
18
23 E3
G3
19
22 (1000) AB4
BP/GND
20
21 POL
21 BP/GND
(MINUS)
V-
INT
BUFF
A-Z
IN LO
IN HI
COMMON
ICL7106, ICL7107 (MQFP)
TOP VIEW
CREF+
(MINUS)
39 D1
OSC 3
36 REF HI
CREF-
(100’s)
40 V+
2
37 TEST
REF LO
(10’s)
1
OSC 2
38 OSC 3
REF HI
(1’s)
OSC 1
44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34
33
2
32
NC
TEST
3
31
C3
OSC 3
4
30
A3
NC
5
29
G3
OSC 2
6
28
BP/GND
OSC 1
7
27
POL
V+
8
26
AB4
D1
9
25
E3
C1
10
24
F3
B1
11
23
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
B3
NC
NC
1
G2
A1 F1 G1 E1 D2 C2 B2 A2 F2 E2 D3
2
FN3082.8
ICL7106, ICL7107, ICL7107S
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Thermal Information
Supply Voltage
ICL7106, V+ to V- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15V
ICL7107, V+ to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6V
ICL7107, V- to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -9V
Analog Input Voltage (Either Input) (Note 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . V+ to VReference Input Voltage (Either Input). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V+ to VClock Input
ICL7106 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TEST to V+
ICL7107 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GND to V+
Thermal Resistance (Typical, Note 2)
Operating Conditions
θJA (oC/W)
PDIP Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
50
MQFP Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
75
Maximum Junction Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150oC
Maximum Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . -65oC to 150oC
Maximum Lead Temperature (Soldering 10s) . . . . . . . . . . . . .300oC
(MQFP - Lead Tips Only)
NOTE: Pb-free PDIPs can be used for through hole wave solder
processing only. They are not intended for use in Reflow solder
processing applications.
Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0oC to 70oC
CAUTION: Stresses above those listed in “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress only rating and operation of the
device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied.
NOTES:
1. Input voltages may exceed the supply voltages provided the input current is limited to ±100µA.
2. θJA is measured with the component mounted on a low effective thermal conductivity test board in free air. See Tech Brief TB379 for details.
Electrical Specifications
(Note 3)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
Zero Input Reading
VIN = 0.0V, Full Scale = 200mV
-000.0
±000.0
+000.0
Digital
Reading
Stability (Last Digit) (ICL7106S, ICL7107S
Only)
Fixed Input Voltage (Note 6)
-000.0
±000.0
+000.0
Digital
Reading
Ratiometric Reading
VlN = VREF , VREF = 100mV
999
999/10
00
1000
Digital
Reading
Rollover Error
-VIN = +VlN ≅ 200mV
Difference in Reading for Equal Positive and Negative
Inputs Near Full Scale
-
±0.2
±1
Counts
Linearity
Full Scale = 200mV or Full Scale = 2V Maximum
Deviation from Best Straight Line Fit (Note 5)
-
±0.2
±1
Counts
Common Mode Rejection Ratio
VCM = 1V, VIN = 0V, Full Scale = 200mV (Note 5)
-
50
-
µV/V
Noise
VIN = 0V, Full Scale = 200mV
(Peak-To-Peak Value Not Exceeded 95% of Time)
-
15
-
µV
Leakage Current Input
VlN = 0 (Note 5)
-
1
10
pA
Zero Reading Drift
VlN = 0, 0oC To 70oC (Note 5)
VIN = 199mV, 0oC To 70oC,
(Ext. Ref. 0ppm/× oC) (Note 5)
-
0.2
1
µV/oC
-
1
5
ppm/oC
-
1.0
1.8
mA
-
0.6
1.8
mA
Scale Factor Temperature Coefficient
End Power Supply Character V+ Supply
Current
VIN = 0 (Does Not Include LED Current for ICL7107)
End Power Supply Character V- Supply Current ICL7107 Only
COMMON Pin Analog Common Voltage
25kΩ Between Common and
Positive Supply (With Respect to + Supply)
2.4
3.0
3.2
V
Temperature Coefficient of Analog Common
25kΩ Between Common and
Positive Supply (With Respect to + Supply)
-
80
-
ppm/oC
V+ = to V- = 9V (Note 4)
4
5.5
6
V
DISPLAY DRIVER ICL7106 ONLY
Peak-To-Peak Segment Drive Voltage
Peak-To-Peak Backplane Drive Voltage
3
FN3082.8
ICL7106, ICL7107, ICL7107S
Electrical Specifications
(Note 3) (Continued)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
Except Pins AB4 and POL
5
8
-
mA
Pin AB4 Only
10
16
-
mA
Pin POL Only
4
7
-
mA
DISPLAY DRIVER ICL7107 ONLY
Segment Sinking Current
V+ = 5V, Segment Voltage = 3V
NOTES:
3. Unless otherwise noted, specifications apply to both the ICL7106 and ICL7107 at TA = 25oC, fCLOCK = 48kHz. ICL7106 is tested in the circuit
of Figure 1. ICL7107 is tested in the circuit of Figure 2.
4. Back plane drive is in phase with segment drive for “off” segment, 180 degrees out of phase for “on” segment. Frequency is 20 times conversion
rate. Average DC component is less than 50mV.
5. Not tested, guaranteed by design.
6. Sample Tested.
Typical Applications and Test Circuits
IN
A3 23
G3 22
BP 21
19 AB4
20 POL
C3 24
18 E3
17 F3
V- 26
G2 25
16 B3
INT 27
DISPLAY
15 D3
14 E2
A-Z 29
BUFF 28
C3
13 F2
IN HI 31
C2 R2
IN LO 30
COM 32
CREF- 33
CREF+ 34
REF LO 35
TEST 37
C5
C1
R4
REF HI 36
OSC 3 38
OSC 2 39
OSC 1 40
C4
+
R5
R1
R3
9V
-
-
+
12 A2
11 B2
D2
9
10 C2
E1
8
A1
5
F1
B1
4
G1
C1
3
7
D1
2
6
V+
1
ICL7106
C1 = 0.1µF
C2 = 0.47µF
C3 = 0.22µF
C4 = 100pF
C5 = 0.02µF
R1 = 24kΩ
R2 = 47kΩ
R3 = 100kΩ
R4 = 1kΩ
R5 = 1MΩ
DISPLAY
FIGURE 1. ICL7106 TEST CIRCUIT AND TYPICAL APPLICATION WITH LCD DISPLAY COMPONENTS SELECTED FOR 200mV FULL
SCALE
+5V
+
IN
INT 27
V- 26
G2 25
C3 24
A3 23
G3 22
GND 21
14 E2
15 D3
16 B3
17 F3
18 E3
19 AB4
20 POL
DISPLAY
BUFF 28
A-Z 29
C3
13 F2
C2 R2
IN LO 30
COM 32
CREF- 33
CREF+ 34
REF LO 35
IN HI 31
C5
C1
R4
REF HI 36
TEST 37
OSC 3 38
OSC 2 39
OSC 1 40
C4
-5V
R5
R1
R3
-
B1
A1
F1
G1
E1
D2
4
5
6
7
8
9
12 A2
C1
3
11 B2
D1
2
10 C2
V+
1
ICL7107
C1 = 0.1µF
C2 = 0.47µF
C3 = 0.22µF
C4 = 100pF
C5 = 0.02µF
R1 = 24kΩ
R2 = 47kΩ
R3 = 100kΩ
R4 = 1kΩ
R5 = 1MΩ
DISPLAY
FIGURE 2. ICL7107 TEST CIRCUIT AND TYPICAL APPLICATION WITH LED DISPLAY COMPONENTS SELECTED FOR 200mV FULL
SCALE
4
FN3082.8
ICL7106, ICL7107, ICL7107S
Design Information Summary Sheet
• DISPLAY COUNT
• OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY
V IN
COUNT = 1000 × --------------V REF
fOSC = 0.45/RC
COSC > 50pF; ROSC > 50kΩ
fOSC (Typ) = 48kHz
• CONVERSION CYCLE
• OSCILLATOR PERIOD
tCYC = tCL0CK x 4000
tCYC = tOSC x 16,000
when fOSC = 48kHz; tCYC = 333ms
tOSC = RC/0.45
• INTEGRATION CLOCK FREQUENCY
• COMMON MODE INPUT VOLTAGE
fCLOCK = fOSC/4
(V- + 1V) < VlN < (V+ - 0.5V)
• INTEGRATION PERIOD
• AUTO-ZERO CAPACITOR
tINT = 1000 x (4/fOSC)
0.01µF < CAZ < 1µF
• 60/50Hz REJECTION CRITERION
• REFERENCE CAPACITOR
tINT/t60Hz or tlNT/t60Hz = Integer
0.1µF < CREF < 1µF
• OPTIMUM INTEGRATION CURRENT
• VCOM
Biased between Vi and V-.
IINT = 4µA
• FULL SCALE ANALOG INPUT VOLTAGE
• VCOM ≅ V+ - 2.8V
Regulation lost when V+ to V- < ≅6.8V
If VCOM is externally pulled down to (V+ to V-)/2,
the VCOM circuit will turn off.
VlNFS (Typ) = 200mV or 2V
• INTEGRATE RESISTOR
V INFS
R INT = ---------------I INT
• ICL7106 POWER SUPPLY: SINGLE 9V
V+ - V- = 9V
Digital supply is generated internally
VGND ≅ V+ - 4.5V
• INTEGRATE CAPACITOR
( t INT ) ( I INT )
C INT = ------------------------------V INT
• ICL7106 DISPLAY: LCD
• INTEGRATOR OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING
( t INT ) ( I INT )
V INT = ------------------------------C INT
Type: Direct drive with digital logic supply amplitude.
• ICL7107 POWER SUPPLY: DUAL ±5.0V
V+ = +5V to GND
V- = -5V to GND
Digital Logic and LED driver supply V+ to GND
• VINT MAXIMUM SWING:
(V- + 0.5V) < VINT < (V+ - 0.5V), VINT (Typ) = 2V
• ICL7107 DISPLAY: LED
Type: Non-Multiplexed Common Anode
Typical Integrator Amplifier Output Waveform (INT Pin)
AUTO ZERO PHASE
(COUNTS)
2999 - 1000
SIGNAL INTEGRATE
PHASE FIXED
1000 COUNTS
DE-INTEGRATE PHASE
0 - 1999 COUNTS
TOTAL CONVERSION TIME = 4000 x tCLOCK = 16,000 x tOSC
5
FN3082.8
ICL7106, ICL7107, ICL7107S
Detailed Description
output to return to zero is proportional to the input signal.
Specifically the digital reading displayed is:
Analog Section
 V IN 
DISPLAY COUNT = 1000  --------------- .
 V REF
Figure 3 shows the Analog Section for the ICL7106 and
ICL7107. Each measurement cycle is divided into three
phases. They are (1) auto-zero (A-Z), (2) signal integrate
(INT) and (3) de-integrate (DE).
Differential Input
The input can accept differential voltages anywhere within the
common mode range of the input amplifier, or specifically from
0.5V below the positive supply to 1V above the negative
supply. In this range, the system has a CMRR of 86dB typical.
However, care must be exercised to assure the integrator
output does not saturate. A worst case condition would be a
large positive common mode voltage with a near full scale
negative differential input voltage. The negative input signal
drives the integrator positive when most of its swing has been
used up by the positive common mode voltage. For these
critical applications the integrator output swing can be
reduced to less than the recommended 2V full scale swing
with little loss of accuracy. The integrator output can swing to
within 0.3V of either supply without loss of linearity.
Auto-Zero Phase
During auto-zero three things happen. First, input high and low
are disconnected from the pins and internally shorted to analog
COMMON. Second, the reference capacitor is charged to the
reference voltage. Third, a feedback loop is closed around the
system to charge the auto-zero capacitor CAZ to compensate
for offset voltages in the buffer amplifier, integrator, and
comparator. Since the comparator is included in the loop, the AZ accuracy is limited only by the noise of the system. In any
case, the offset referred to the input is less than 10µV.
Signal Integrate Phase
During signal integrate, the auto-zero loop is opened, the
internal short is removed, and the internal input high and low
are connected to the external pins. The converter then
integrates the differential voltage between IN HI and IN LO for a
fixed time. This differential voltage can be within a wide
common mode range: up to 1V from either supply. If, on the
other hand, the input signal has no return with respect to the
converter power supply, IN LO can be tied to analog COMMON
to establish the correct common mode voltage. At the end of
this phase, the polarity of the integrated signal is determined.
Differential Reference
The reference voltage can be generated anywhere within the
power supply voltage of the converter. The main source of
common mode error is a roll-over voltage caused by the
reference capacitor losing or gaining charge to stray capacity
on its nodes. If there is a large common mode voltage, the
reference capacitor can gain charge (increase voltage) when
called up to de-integrate a positive signal but lose charge
(decrease voltage) when called up to de-integrate a negative
input signal. This difference in reference for positive or negative
input voltage will give a roll-over error. However, by selecting the
reference capacitor such that it is large enough in comparison
to the stray capacitance, this error can be held to less than 0.5
count worst case. (See Component Value Selection.)
De-Integrate Phase
The final phase is de-integrate, or reference integrate. Input
low is internally connected to analog COMMON and input
high is connected across the previously charged reference
capacitor. Circuitry within the chip ensures that the capacitor
will be connected with the correct polarity to cause the
integrator output to return to zero. The time required for the
STRAY
STRAY
CREF
CREF+
REF HI
34
36
V+
RINT
REF LO
35
CREF -
CAZ
BUFFER V+
33
1
28
CINT
A-Z
INT
29
27
INTEGRATOR
A-Z
A-Z
-
-
10µA
+
+
31
-
+
2.8V
TO
DIGITAL
SECTION
IN HI
DE-
INT
DE+
6.2V
INPUT
HIGH
A-Z
A-Z
N
DE+
32
DE-
COMPARATOR
-
+
COMMON
INT
INPUT
LOW
A-Z AND DE(±)
30
IN LO
V-
FIGURE 3. ANALOG SECTION OF ICL7106 AND ICL7107
6
FN3082.8
ICL7106, ICL7107, ICL7107S
Analog COMMON
V+
This pin is included primarily to set the common mode
voltage for battery operation (ICL7106) or for any system
where the input signals are floating with respect to the power
supply. The COMMON pin sets a voltage that is
approximately 2.8V more negative than the positive supply.
This is selected to give a minimum end-of-life battery voltage
of about 6V. However, analog COMMON has some of the
attributes of a reference voltage. When the total supply
voltage is large enough to cause the zener to regulate (>7V),
the COMMON voltage will have a low voltage coefficient
(0.001%/V), low output impedance (≅15Ω), and a
temperature coefficient typically less than 80ppm/×oC.
The limitations of the on chip reference should also be
recognized, however. With the ICL7107, the internal heating
which results from the LED drivers can cause some
degradation in performance. Due to their higher thermal
resistance, plastic parts are poorer in this respect than
ceramic. The combination of reference Temperature
Coefficient (TC), internal chip dissipation, and package
thermal resistance can increase noise near full scale from
25µV to 80µVP-P. Also the linearity in going from a high
dissipation count such as 1000 (20 segments on) to a low
dissipation count such as 1111(8 segments on) can suffer by
a count or more. Devices with a positive TC reference may
require several counts to pull out of an over-range condition.
This is because over-range is a low dissipation mode, with the
three least significant digits blanked. Similarly, units with a
negative TC may cycle between over-range and a non-overrange count as the die alternately heats and cools. All these
problems are of course eliminated if an external reference is
used.
The ICL7106, with its negligible dissipation, suffers from
none of these problems. In either case, an external reference
can easily be added, as shown in Figure 4.
Analog COMMON is also used as the input low return during
auto-zero and de-integrate. If IN LO is different from analog
COMMON, a common mode voltage exists in the system
and is taken care of by the excellent CMRR of the converter.
However, in some applications IN LO will be set at a fixed
known voltage (power supply common for instance). In this
application, analog COMMON should be tied to the same
point, thus removing the common mode voltage from the
converter. The same holds true for the reference voltage. If
reference can be conveniently tied to analog COMMON, it
should be since this removes the common mode voltage
from the reference system.
Within the lC, analog COMMON is tied to an N-Channel FET
that can sink approximately 30mA of current to hold the
voltage 2.8V below the positive supply (when a load is trying
to pull the common line positive). However, there is only
10µA of source current, so COMMON may easily be tied to a
more negative voltage thus overriding the internal reference.
7
V
REF HI
6.8V
ZENER
REF LO
IZ
ICL7106
ICL7107
V-
FIGURE 4A.
V+
V
6.8kΩ
20kΩ
ICL7106
ICL7107
ICL8069
1.2V
REFERENCE
REF HI
REF LO
COMMON
FIGURE 4B.
FIGURE 4. USING AN EXTERNAL REFERENCE
TEST
The TEST pin serves two functions. On the ICL7106 it is
coupled to the internally generated digital supply through a
500Ω resistor. Thus it can be used as the negative supply for
externally generated segment drivers such as decimal points
or any other presentation the user may want to include on
the LCD display. Figures 5 and 6 show such an application.
No more than a 1mA load should be applied.
V+
1MΩ
TO LCD
DECIMAL
POINT
ICL7106
BP
TEST
21
37
TO LCD
BACKPLANE
FIGURE 5. SIMPLE INVERTER FOR FIXED DECIMAL POINT
The second function is a “lamp test”. When TEST is pulled
high (to V+) all segments will be turned on and the display
should read “1888”. The TEST pin will sink about 15mA
under these conditions.
CAUTION: In the lamp test mode, the segments have a constant DC
voltage (no square-wave). This may burn the LCD display if maintained for extended periods.
FN3082.8
ICL7106, ICL7107, ICL7107S
absorb the relative large capacitive currents when the back
plane (BP) voltage is switched. The BP frequency is the
clock frequency divided by 800. For three readings/sec., this
is a 60Hz square wave with a nominal amplitude of 5V. The
segments are driven at the same frequency and amplitude
and are in phase with BP when OFF, but out of phase when
ON. In all cases negligible DC voltage exists across the
segments.
V+
V+
BP
ICL7106
TO LCD
DECIMAL
POINTS
DECIMAL
POINT
SELECT
Figure 8 is the Digital Section of the ICL7107. It is identical to
the ICL7106 except that the regulated supply and back plane
drive have been eliminated and the segment drive has been
increased from 2mA to 8mA, typical for instrument size
common anode LED displays. Since the 1000 output (pin 19)
must sink current from two LED segments, it has twice the
drive capability or 16mA.
TEST
CD4030
GND
FIGURE 6. EXCLUSIVE ‘OR’ GATE FOR DECIMAL POINT DRIVE
Digital Section
In both devices, the polarity indication is “on” for negative
analog inputs. If IN LO and IN HI are reversed, this indication
can be reversed also, if desired.
Figures 7 and 8 show the digital section for the ICL7106 and
ICL7107, respectively. In the ICL7106, an internal digital
ground is generated from a 6V Zener diode and a large
P-Channel source follower. This supply is made stiff to
a
a
f
a
g
b
e
a
f
b
b
f
g
c
e
c
d
b
g
c
d
e
c
d
BACKPLANE
21
LCD PHASE DRIVER
7
SEGMENT
DECODE
TYPICAL SEGMENT OUTPUT
V+
7
SEGMENT
DECODE
7
SEGMENT
DECODE
÷200
0.5mA
LATCH
SEGMENT
OUTPUT
2mA
1000’s
COUNTER
100’s
COUNTER
10’s
COUNTER
1’s
COUNTER
INTERNAL DIGITAL GROUND
TO SWITCH DRIVERS
FROM COMPARATOR OUTPUT
1
V+
CLOCK
÷4
†
LOGIC CONTROL
6.2V
500Ω
† THREE INVERTERS
INTERNAL
DIGITAL
GROUND
ONE INVERTER SHOWN FOR CLARITY
TEST
VTH = 1V
37
26
40
OSC 1
39
OSC 2
38
V-
OSC 3
FIGURE 7. ICL7106 DIGITAL SECTION
8
FN3082.8
ICL7106, ICL7107, ICL7107S
a
a
a
f
g
b
f
b
e
a
f
b
g
c
e
c
d
e
c
d
7
SEGMENT
DECODE
TYPICAL SEGMENT OUTPUT
V+
b
g
c
d
7
SEGMENT
DECODE
7
SEGMENT
DECODE
LATCH
0.5mA
TO
SEGMENT
1000’s
COUNTER
100’s
COUNTER
10’s
COUNTER
1’s
COUNTER
8mA
TO SWITCH DRIVERS
FROM COMPARATOR OUTPUT
DIGITAL GROUND
V+
1
V+
CLOCK
÷4
†
37
LOGIC CONTROL
† THREE INVERTERS
27
ONE INVERTER SHOWN FOR CLARITY
40
OSC 1
TEST
500Ω
39
OSC 2
DIGITAL
GROUND
38
OSC 3
FIGURE 8. ICL7107 DIGITAL SECTION
System Timing
INTERNAL TO PART
Figure 9 shows the clocking arrangement used in the
ICL7106 and ICL7107. Two basic clocking arrangements
can be used:
÷4
CLOCK
÷4
CLOCK
1. Figure 9A. An external oscillator connected to pin 40.
2. Figure 9B. An R-C oscillator using all three pins.
The oscillator frequency is divided by four before it clocks the
decade counters. It is then further divided to form the three
convert-cycle phases. These are signal integrate (1000
counts), reference de-integrate (0 to 2000 counts) and
auto-zero (1000 to 3000 counts). For signals less than full
scale, auto-zero gets the unused portion of reference
de-integrate. This makes a complete measure cycle of 4,000
counts (16,000 clock pulses) independent of input voltage.
For three readings/second, an oscillator frequency of 48kHz
would be used.
To achieve maximum rejection of 60Hz pickup, the signal
integrate cycle should be a multiple of 60Hz. Oscillator
frequencies of 240kHz, 120kHz, 80kHz, 60kHz, 48kHz,
40kHz, 331/3kHz, etc. should be selected. For 50Hz
rejection, Oscillator frequencies of 200kHz, 100kHz,
662/3kHz, 50kHz, 40kHz, etc. would be suitable. Note that
40kHz (2.5 readings/second) will reject both 50Hz and 60Hz
(also 400Hz and 440Hz).
9
40
39
38
GND ICL7107
TEST ICL7106
FIGURE 9A.
INTERNAL TO PART
40
39
38
R
C
RC OSCILLATOR
FIGURE 9B.
FIGURE 9. CLOCK CIRCUITS
FN3082.8
ICL7106, ICL7107, ICL7107S
Component Value Selection
Integrating Resistor
Both the buffer amplifier and the integrator have a class A
output stage with 100µA of quiescent current. They can
supply 4µA of drive current with negligible nonlinearity. The
integrating resistor should be large enough to remain in this
very linear region over the input voltage range, but small
enough that undue leakage requirements are not placed on
the PC board. For 2V full scale, 470kΩ is near optimum and
similarly a 47kΩ for a 200mV scale.
Integrating Capacitor
The integrating capacitor should be selected to give the
maximum voltage swing that ensures tolerance buildup will
not saturate the integrator swing (approximately. 0.3V from
either supply). In the ICL7106 or the ICL7107, when the
analog COMMON is used as a reference, a nominal +2V fullscale integrator swing is fine. For the ICL7107 with +5V
supplies and analog COMMON tied to supply ground, a
±3.5V to +4V swing is nominal. For three readings/second
(48kHz clock) nominal values for ClNT are 0.22µF and
0.10µF, respectively. Of course, if different oscillator
frequencies are used, these values should be changed in
inverse proportion to maintain the same output swing.
An additional requirement of the integrating capacitor is that
it must have a low dielectric absorption to prevent roll-over
errors. While other types of capacitors are adequate for this
application, polypropylene capacitors give undetectable
errors at reasonable cost.
Auto-Zero Capacitor
The size of the auto-zero capacitor has some influence on
the noise of the system. For 200mV full scale where noise is
very important, a 0.47µF capacitor is recommended. On the
2V scale, a 0.047µF capacitor increases the speed of
recovery from overload and is adequate for noise on this
scale.
Reference Capacitor
Reference Voltage
The analog input required to generate full scale output (2000
counts) is: VlN = 2VREF. Thus, for the 200mV and 2V scale,
VREF should equal 100mV and 1V, respectively. However, in
many applications where the A/D is connected to a
transducer, there will exist a scale factor other than unity
between the input voltage and the digital reading. For
instance, in a weighing system, the designer might like to
have a full scale reading when the voltage from the
transducer is 0.662V. Instead of dividing the input down to
200mV, the designer should use the input voltage directly
and select VREF = 0.341V. Suitable values for integrating
resistor and capacitor would be 120kΩ and 0.22µF. This
makes the system slightly quieter and also avoids a divider
network on the input. The ICL7107 with ±5V supplies can
accept input signals up to ±4V. Another advantage of this
system occurs when a digital reading of zero is desired for
VIN ≠ 0. Temperature and weighing systems with a variable
fare are examples. This offset reading can be conveniently
generated by connecting the voltage transducer between IN
HI and COMMON and the variable (or fixed) offset voltage
between COMMON and IN LO.
ICL7107 Power Supplies
The ICL7107 is designed to work from ±5V supplies.
However, if a negative supply is not available, it can be
generated from the clock output with 2 diodes, 2 capacitors,
and an inexpensive lC. Figure 10 shows this application. See
ICL7660 data sheet for an alternative.
In fact, in selected applications no negative supply is
required. The conditions to use a single +5V supply are:
1. The input signal can be referenced to the center of the
common mode range of the converter.
2. The signal is less than ±1.5V.
3. An external reference is used.
V+
A 0.1µF capacitor gives good results in most applications.
However, where a large common mode voltage exists (i.e.,
the REF LO pin is not at analog COMMON) and a 200mV
scale is used, a larger value is required to prevent roll-over
error. Generally 1µF will hold the roll-over error to 0.5 count
in this instance.
Oscillator Components
CD4009
V+
OSC 1
1N914
OSC 2
OSC 3
0.047
µF
+
10
µF
-
ICL7107
For all ranges of frequency a 100kΩ resistor is recommended
and the capacitor is selected from the equation:
0.45
f = ----------- For 48kHz Clock (3 Readings/sec),
RC
1N914
GND
V-
V- = 3.3V
C = 100pF.
FIGURE 10. GENERATING NEGATIVE SUPPLY FROM +5V
10
FN3082.8
ICL7106, ICL7107, ICL7107S
Typical Applications
Application Notes
The ICL7106 and ICL7107 may be used in a wide variety of
configurations. The circuits which follow show some of the
possibilities, and serve to illustrate the exceptional versatility
of these A/D converters.
The following application notes contain very useful
information on understanding and applying this part and are
available from Intersil Corporation.
NOTE #
DESCRIPTION
AN016
“Selecting A/D Converters”
AN017
“The Integrating A/D Converter”
AN018
“Do’s and Don’ts of Applying A/D Converters”
AN023
“Low Cost Digital Panel Meter Designs”
AN032
“Understanding the Auto-Zero and Common Mode
Performance of the ICL7136/7/9 Family”
AN046
“Building a Battery-Operated Auto Ranging DVM with the
ICL7106”
AN052
“Tips for Using Single Chip 31/2 Digit A/D Converters”
AN9609 “Overcoming Common Mode Range Issues When Using
Intersil Integrating Converters”
Typical Applications
TO PIN 1
OSC 1 40
TO PIN 1
OSC 1 40
100kΩ
OSC 2 39
OSC 3 38
TEST 37
OSC 3 38
SET VREF
= 100mV
100pF
TEST 37
REF HI 36
REF HI 36
REF LO 35
REF LO 35
CREF 34
CREF 33
1kΩ
22kΩ
CREF 34
0.1µF
COMMON 32
CREF 33
1MΩ
A-Z 29
-
47kΩ
BUFF 28
+
9V
-
INT 27
V - 26
IN
0.01µF
0.47µF
0.22µF
G2 25
C3 24
A3 23
SET VREF
= 100mV
100pF
+5V
1kΩ
22kΩ
0.1µF
COMMON 32
+
IN HI 31
IN LO 30
100kΩ
OSC 2 39
1MΩ
+
IN HI 31
IN LO 30
A-Z 29
BUFF 28
IN
0.01µF
0.47µF
-
47kΩ
INT 27
V - 26
0.22µF
-5V
G2 25
TO DISPLAY
G3 22
C3 24
A3 23
TO DISPLAY
G3 22
BP 21
TO BACKPLANE
GND 21
Values shown are for 200mV full scale, 3 readings/sec., floating
supply voltage (9V battery).
Values shown are for 200mV full scale, 3 readings/sec. IN LO may
be tied to either COMMON for inputs floating with respect to
supplies, or GND for single ended inputs. (See discussion under
Analog COMMON).
FIGURE 11. ICL7106 USING THE INTERNAL REFERENCE
FIGURE 12. ICL7107 USING THE INTERNAL REFERENCE
11
FN3082.8
ICL7106, ICL7107, ICL7107S
Typical Applications
(Continued)
TO PIN 1
OSC 1 40
TO PIN 1
OSC 1 40
100kΩ
OSC 2 39
OSC 2 39
OSC 3 38
TEST 37
OSC 3 38
SET VREF
= 100mV
100pF
TEST 37
REF HI 36
CREF 33
V+
1kΩ
10kΩ
10kΩ
CREF 33
1.2V (ICL8069)
1MΩ
A-Z 29
BUFF 28
0.47µF
IN
IN LO 30
-
A3 23
1MΩ
V-
V - 26
C3 24
TO DISPLAY
A3 23
G3 22
IN LO is tied to supply COMMON establishing the correct common mode
voltage. If COMMON is not shorted to GND, the input voltage may float
with respect to the power supply and COMMON acts as a pre-regulator
for the reference. If COMMON is shorted to GND, the input is single
ended (referred to supply GND) and the pre-regulator is overridden.
FIGURE 13. ICL7107 WITH AN EXTERNAL BAND-GAP
REFERENCE (1.2V TYPE)
47kΩ
0.22µF
Since low TC zeners have breakdown voltages ~ 6.8V, diode must
be placed across the total supply (10V). As in the case of Figure 12,
IN LO may be tied to either COMMON or GND.
FIGURE 14. ICL7107 WITH ZENER DIODE REFERENCE
TO PIN 1
OSC 1 40
100kΩ
OSC 2 39
OSC 3 38
SET VREF
= 1V
100pF
TEST 37
V+
25kΩ
24kΩ
CREF 33
1MΩ
+
-
BUFF 28
15kΩ
0.1µF
1.2V (ICL8069)
1MΩ
+
IN
0.01µF
0.47µF
-
47kΩ
INT 27
INT 27
0.22µF
V - 26
V-
G2 25
A3 23
IN LO 30
A-Z 29
470kΩ
BUFF 28
10kΩ
IN HI 31
IN
0.01µF
0.047µF
+5V
1kΩ
COMMON 32
IN HI 31
A-Z 29
REF LO 35
CREF 34
0.1µF
COMMON 32
C3 24
SET VREF
= 100mV
100pF
REF HI 36
REF HI 36
REF LO 35
V - 26
100kΩ
OSC 2 39
OSC 3 38
IN LO 30
-5V
TO DISPLAY
TO PIN 1
CREF 33
-
G2 25
GND 21
CREF 34
IN
0.47µF
INT 27
0.22µF
G3 22
TEST 37
+
0.01µF
BUFF 28
GND 21
OSC 1 40
6.8V
0.1µF
A-Z 29
47kΩ
G2 25
C3 24
100kΩ
IN HI 31
INT 27
V - 26
1kΩ
COMMON 32
+
IN HI 31
0.01µF
+5V
REF LO 35
CREF 34
0.1µF
COMMON 32
IN LO 30
SET VREF
= 100mV
100pF
REF HI 36
REF LO 35
CREF 34
100kΩ
G2 25
C3 24
TO DISPLAY
0.22µF
A3 23
TO DISPLAY
G3 22
G3 22
GND 21
BP/GND 21
An external reference must be used in this application, since the
voltage between V+ and V- is insufficient for correct operation of the
internal reference.
FIGURE 15. ICL7106 AND ICL7107: RECOMMENDED
COMPONENT VALUES FOR 2V FULL SCALE
12
FIGURE 16. ICL7107 OPERATED FROM SINGLE +5V
FN3082.8
ICL7106, ICL7107, ICL7107S
Typical Applications
(Continued)
TO PIN 1
OSC 1 40
TO PIN 1
V+
OSC 1 40
100kΩ
100kΩ
OSC 2 39
OSC 2 39
OSC 3 38
OSC 3 38
100pF
TEST 37
REF HI 36
REF HI 36
REF LO 35
REF LO 35
CREF 34
CREF 34
0.1µF
CREF 33
CREF 33
100kΩ 1MΩ
100kΩ 220kΩ
0.1µF
22kΩ
COMMON 32
COMMON 32
IN HI 31
IN HI 31
IN LO 30
IN LO 30
0.47µF
47kΩ
BUFF 28
ZERO
ADJUST
0.01µF
0.47µF
A-Z 29
A-Z 29
SILICON NPN
MPS 3704 OR
SIMILAR
47kΩ
BUFF 28
9V
INT 27
INT 27
0.22µF
V - 26
V - 26
0.22µF
G2 25
G2 25
C3 24
C3 24
TO DISPLAY
A3 23
A3 23
G3 22
G3 22
GND 21
BP 21
The resistor values within the bridge are determined by the desired
sensitivity.
FIGURE 17. ICL7107 MEASUREING RATIOMETRIC VALUES
OF QUAD LOAD CELL
TO DISPLAY
TO BACKPLANE
A silicon diode-connected transistor has a temperature coefficient of
about -2mV/oC. Calibration is achieved by placing the sensing
transistor in ice water and adjusting the zeroing potentiometer for a
000.0 reading. The sensor should then be placed in boiling water
and the scale-factor potentiometer adjusted for a 100.0 reading.
FIGURE 18. ICL7106 USED AS A DIGITAL CENTIGRADE
THERMOMETER
+5V
V+
TO LOGIC
VCC
1 V+
OSC 1 40
1 V+
OSC 1 40
2 D1
OSC 2 39
2 D1
OSC 2 39
3 C1
OSC 3 38
3 C1
OSC 3 38
4 B1
TEST 37
4 B1
TEST 37
5 A1
REF HI 36
5 A1
REF HI 36
6 F1
REF LO 35
6 F1
REF LO 35
7 G1
CREF 34
7 G1
8 E1
O/RANGE
TO
CREF 34 LOGIC
GND
CREF 33
TO LOGIC
VCC
8 E1
CREF 33
COMMON 32
COMMON 32
12kΩ
9 D2
10 C2
IN HI 31
IN HI 31
IN LO 30
11 B2
IN LO 30
12 A2
A-Z 29
The LM339 is required to
ensure logic compatibility
with heavy display loading.
10 C2
11 B2
12 A2
A-Z 29
13 F2
BUFF 28
LM339
13 F2
BUFF 28
14 E2
INT 27
14 E2
INT 27
15 D3
V- 26
16 B3
G2 25
17 F3
C3 24
18 E3
A3 23
19 AB4
G3 22
20 POL
BP 21
9 D2
+
-
V-
U/RANGE
CD4023 OR
74C10
SCALE
FACTOR
ADJUST
100pF
TEST 37
O/RANGE
+
-
+
-
U/RANGE
CD4023 OR
74C10
-
15 D3
V- 26
16 B3
G2 25
17 F3
C3 24
18 E3
A3 23
19 AB4
G3 22
20 POL
BP 21
V-
+
33kΩ
CD4077
FIGURE 19. CIRCUIT FOR DEVELOPING UNDERRANGE AND
OVERRANGE SIGNAL FROM ICL7106 OUTPUTS
13
FIGURE 20. CIRCUIT FOR DEVELOPING UNDERRANGE AND
OVERRANGE SIGNALS FROM ICL7107 OUTPUT
FN3082.8
ICL7106, ICL7107, ICL7107S
Typical Applications
(Continued)
TO PIN 1
OSC 1 40
100kΩ
OSC 2 39
10µF
SCALE FACTOR ADJUST
(VREF = 100mV FOR AC TO RMS)
OSC 3 38
TEST 37
100pF
5µF
CA3140
REF HI 36
-
REF LO 35
CREF 34
CREF 33
100kΩ
+
AC IN
1N914
1kΩ
22kΩ
470kΩ
0.1µF
2.2MΩ
COMMON 32
10kΩ
1µF
IN HI 31
1µF
10kΩ
1µF
4.3kΩ
IN LO 30
0.47µF
A-Z 29
0.22µF
47kΩ
BUFF 28
10µF
+
9V
-
INT 27
100pF
(FOR OPTIMUM BANDWIDTH)
0.22µF
V - 26
G2 25
C3 24
A3 23
TO DISPLAY
G3 22
BP 21
TO BACKPLANE
Test is used as a common-mode reference level to ensure compatibility with most op amps.
FIGURE 21. AC TO DC CONVERTER WITH ICL7106
+5V
LED
SEGMENTS
DM7407
ICL7107
130Ω
130Ω
130Ω
FIGURE 22. DISPLAY BUFFERING FOR INCREASED DRIVE CURRENT
14
FN3082.8
ICL7106, ICL7107, ICL7107S
Dual-In-Line Plastic Packages (PDIP)
E40.6 (JEDEC MS-011-AC ISSUE B)
N
40 LEAD DUAL-IN-LINE PLASTIC PACKAGE
E1
INDEX
AREA
1 2 3
INCHES
N/2
SYMBOL
-BD
A2
SEATING
PLANE
e
B1
D1
A1
eC
B
0.010 (0.25) M
C A B S
MAX
NOTES
-
0.250
-
6.35
4
0.015
-
0.39
-
4
A2
0.125
0.195
3.18
4.95
-
B
0.014
0.022
0.356
0.558
-
C
L
B1
0.030
0.070
0.77
1.77
8
eA
C
0.008
0.015
0.204
0.381
-
D
1.980
2.095
D1
0.005
-
0.13
A
L
D1
MIN
A
E
-C-
MAX
A1
-ABASE
PLANE
MILLIMETERS
MIN
C
eB
NOTES:
1. Controlling Dimensions: INCH. In case of conflict between English
and Metric dimensions, the inch dimensions control.
2. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ANSI Y14.5M-1982.
3. Symbols are defined in the “MO Series Symbol List” in Section 2.2
of Publication No. 95.
4. Dimensions A, A1 and L are measured with the package seated in
JEDEC seating plane gauge GS-3.
50.3
53.2
5
-
5
E
0.600
0.625
15.24
15.87
6
E1
0.485
0.580
12.32
14.73
5
e
0.100 BSC
2.54 BSC
-
eA
0.600 BSC
15.24 BSC
6
eB
-
0.700
-
17.78
7
L
0.115
0.200
2.93
5.08
4
N
40
40
9
Rev. 0 12/93
5. D, D1, and E1 dimensions do not include mold flash or protrusions.
Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed 0.010 inch (0.25mm).
6. E and eA are measured with the leads constrained to be perpendicular to datum -C- .
7. eB and eC are measured at the lead tips with the leads unconstrained. eC must be zero or greater.
8. B1 maximum dimensions do not include dambar protrusions. Dambar protrusions shall not exceed 0.010 inch (0.25mm).
9. N is the maximum number of terminal positions.
10. Corner leads (1, N, N/2 and N/2 + 1) for E8.3, E16.3, E18.3, E28.3,
E42.6 will have a B1 dimension of 0.030 - 0.045 inch (0.76 - 1.14mm).
15
FN3082.8
ICL7106, ICL7107, ICL7107S
Metric Plastic Quad Flatpack Packages (MQFP)
D
Q44.10x10 (JEDEC MS-022AB ISSUE B)
44 LEAD METRIC PLASTIC QUAD FLATPACK PACKAGE
D1
-D-
INCHES
SYMBOL
-A-
-B-
E E1
e
PIN 1
SEATING
A PLANE
-H-
0.076
0.003
-C-
12o-16o
0.40
0.016 MIN
0.20
M
0.008
C A-B S
0o MIN
D S
b
A2 A1
0o-7o
L
b1
MILLIMETERS
MIN
MAX
NOTES
A
-
0.096
-
2.45
-
A1
0.004
0.010
0.10
0.25
-
A2
0.077
0.083
1.95
2.10
-
b
0.012
0.018
0.30
0.45
6
b1
0.012
0.016
0.30
0.40
-
D
0.515
0.524
13.08
13.32
3
D1
0.389
0.399
9.88
10.12
4, 5
E
0.516
0.523
13.10
13.30
3
E1
0.390
0.398
9.90
10.10
4, 5
L
0.029
0.040
0.73
1.03
-
N
44
44
7
e
0.032 BSC
0.80 BSC
Rev. 2 4/99
NOTES:
1. Controlling dimension: MILLIMETER. Converted inch
dimensions are not necessarily exact.
2. All dimensions and tolerances per ANSI Y14.5M-1982.
3. Dimensions D and E to be determined at seating plane -C- .
4. Dimensions D1 and E1 to be determined at datum plane
-H- .
6. Dimension b does not include dambar protrusion. Allowable
dambar protrusion shall be 0.08mm (0.003 inch) total.
BASE METAL
WITH PLATING
MAX
5. Dimensions D1 and E1 do not include mold protrusion.
Allowable protrusion is 0.25mm (0.010 inch) per side.
0.13/0.17
0.005/0.007
12o-16o
MIN
7. “N” is the number of terminal positions.
0.13/0.23
0.005/0.009
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