TI1 LP2951CMMX-3.3 Series of adjustable micropower voltage regulator Datasheet

LP2950,LP2951
LP2950/LP2951 Series of Adjustable Micropower Voltage Regulators
Literature Number: SNVS764M
LP2950/LP2951
Series of Adjustable Micropower Voltage Regulators
General Description
The LP2950 and LP2951 are micropower voltage regulators
with very low quiescent current (75μA typ.) and very low
dropout voltage (typ. 40mV at light loads and 380mV at
100mA). They are ideally suited for use in battery-powered
systems. Furthermore, the quiescent current of the LP2950/
LP2951 increases only slightly in dropout, prolonging battery
life.
The LP2950-5.0 is available in the surface-mount D-Pak
package, and in the popular 3-pin TO-92 package for pincompatibility with older 5V regulators. The 8-lead LP2951 is
available in plastic, ceramic dual-in-line, LLP, or metal can
packages and offers additional system functions.
One such feature is an error flag output which warns of a low
output voltage, often due to falling batteries on the input. It
may be used for a power-on reset. A second feature is the
logic-compatible shutdown input which enables the regulator
to be switched on and off. Also, the part may be pin-strapped
for a 5V, 3V, or 3.3V output (depending on the version), or
programmed from 1.24V to 29V with an external pair of resistors.
Careful design of the LP2950/LP2951 has minimized all contributions to the error budget. This includes a tight initial
tolerance (.5% typ.), extremely good load and line regulation
(.05% typ.) and a very low output voltage temperature coefficient, making the part useful as a low-power voltage reference.
Features
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
5V, 3V, and 3.3V versions available
High accuracy output voltage
Guaranteed 100mA output current
Extremely low quiescent current
Low dropout voltage
Extremely tight load and line regulation
Very low temperature coefficient
Use as Regulator or Reference
Needs minimum capacitance for stability
Current and Thermal Limiting
Stable with low-ESR output capacitors (10mΩ to 6Ω)
LP2951 versions only
■ Error flag warns of output dropout
■ Logic-controlled electronic shutdown
■ Output programmable from 1.24 to 29V
Block Diagram and Typical Applications
LP2950
854625
© 2011 National Semiconductor Corporation
8546
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LP2950/LP2951 Series of Adjustable Micropower Voltage Regulators
August 20, 2011
LP2950/LP2951
LP2951
854601
10-Lead Ceramic Surface-Mount Package (WG)
Connection Diagrams
TO-92 Plastic Package (Z)
854602
Bottom View
854664
Top View
Dual-In-Line Packages (N, J)
Surface-Mount Package (M, MM)
TO-252 (D-Pak)
854626
Top View
854670
Front View
Metal Can Package (H)
8-Lead LLP
854671
Connect DAP to GND at device pin 4.
854619
Top View
Top View
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2
Package
TO-92
(Z)
TO-252
(D-Pak)
Temperature
Range
VOUT
Part
Number
Package
Marking
Transport
Media
NSC
Drawing
−40 < TJ < 125
3.0
LP2950ACZ-3.0
2950A CZ3.0
Bag
Z03A
LP2950CZ-3.0
2950 CZ3.0
Bag
3.3
LP2950ACZ-3.3
2950A CZ3.3
Bag
LP2950CZ-3.3
2950 CZ3.3
Bag
5.0
LP2950ACZ-5.0
2950A CZ5.0
Bag
LP2950CZ-5.0
2950 CZ5.0
Bag
3.0
LP2950CDT-3.0
LP2950CDT-3.0
75 Units/Rail
−40 < TJ < 125
LP2950CDTX-3.0
3.3
LP2950CDT-3.3
LP2950CDT-3.3
LP2950CDTX-3.3
5.0
LP2950CDT-5.0
−40 < TJ < 125
3.0
3.3
5.0
M
(M08A)
−40 < TJ < 125
3.0
LP2950CDT-5.0
40 Units/Rail
LP2951CN-3.0
LP2951CN-3.0
40 Units/Rail
LP2951ACN-3.3
LP2951ACN-3.3
40 Units/Rail
LP2951CN-3.3
LP2951CN-3.3
40 Units/Rail
LP2951ACN
LP2951ACN
40 Units/Rail
LP2951CN
LP2951CN
40 Units/Rail
LP2951ACM-3.0
2951ACM30*
(where * is die rev letter)
2.5k Units Tape and Reel
LP2951CMX-3.0
LP2951ACM-3.3
LP2951ACMX-3.3
LP2951CM-3.3
LP2951CMX-3.3
LP2951ACM
3.0
2951CM30*
(where * is die rev letter)
2.5k Units Tape and Reel
2951ACM33*
(where * is die rev letter)
2.5k Units Tape and Reel
2951CM33*
(where * is die rev letter)
2.5k Units Tape and Reel
2.5k Units Tape and Reel
LP2951ACMM-3.0
L0BA
1k Units Tape and Reel
95 Units/Rail
95 Units/Rail
MUA08A
3.5k Units Tape and Reel
L0BB
LP2951CMMX-3.0
1k Units Tape and Reel
3.5k Units Tape and Reel
LP2951ACMM-3.3
L0CA
LP2951ACMMX-3.3
1k Units Tape and Reel
3.5k Units Tape and Reel
LP2951CMM-3.3
L0CB
LP2951CMMX-3.3
5.0
95 Units/Rail
LP2951CMX
LP2951CMM-3.0
3.3
M08A
95 Units/Rail
2.5k Units Tape and Reel
LP2951ACMMX-3.0
N08E
95 Units/Rail
2951CM*
(where * is die rev letter)
LP2951CM
−40 < TJ < 125
95 Units/Rail
2951ACM*
(where * is die rev letter)
LP2951ACMX
MM
(MUA08A)
2.5k Units Tape and Reel
LP2951ACN-3.0
LP2951CM-3.0
5.0
75 Units/Rail
LP2951ACN-3.0
LP2951ACMX-3.0
3.3
75 Units/Rail
2.5k Units Tape and Reel
LP2950CDTX-5.0
N
(N-08E)
TD03B
2.5k Units Tape and Reel
1k Units Tape and Reel
3.5k Units Tape and Reel
LP2951ACMM
L0DA
LP2951ACMMX
1k Units Tape and Reel
3.5k Units Tape and Reel
LP2951CMM
L0DB
LP2951CMMX
1k Units Tape and Reel
3.5k Units Tape and Reel
J
(J08A)
−55 < TJ < 150
5.0
LP2951J/883
See MIL/AERO Datasheet
40 Units/Rail
J08A
H
(H08C)
−55 < TJ < 150
5.0
LP2951H/883
See MIL/AERO Datasheet
Tray
H08C
WG
(WG10A)
−55 < TJ < 150
5.0
LP2951WG/883
See MIL/AERO Datasheet
Tray
WG10A
3
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LP2950/LP2951
Ordering Information
LP2950/LP2951
Package
Temperature
Range
VOUT
8-lead LLP
−40 < TJ < 125
3.0
Part
Number
Package
Marking
LP2951ACSD-3.0
51AC30
LP2951ACSDX-3.0
LP2951CSD-3.0
51AC30B
LP2951ACSD-3.3
51AC33
SDC08A
1k Units Tape and Reel
1k Units Tape and Reel
4.5k Units Tape and Reel
LP2951CSD-3.3
51AC33B
LP2951CSDX-3.3
1k Units Tape and Reel
4.5k Units Tape and Reel
LP2951ACSD
2951AC
LP2951ACSDX
1k Units Tape and Reel
4.5k Units Tape and Reel
LP2951CSD
2951ACB
LP2951CSDX
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1k Units Tape and Reel
4.5k Units Tape and Reel
LP2951ACSDX-3.3
5.0
NSC
Drawing
4.5k Units Tape and Reel
LP2951CSDX-3.0
3.3
Transport
Media
1k Units Tape and Reel
4.5k Units Tape and Reel
4
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.
Input Supply Voltage
SHUTDOWN Input Voltage,
Error Comparator Output
Voltage, (Note 9)
FEEDBACK Input Voltage
(Note 9, Note 10)
Power Dissipation
Junction Temperature (TJ)
Ambient Storage Temperature
Soldering Dwell Time, Temperature
Wave
Infrared
Vapor Phase
Operating Ratings
(Note 1)
Maximum Input Supply Voltage
Junction Temperature Range
(TJ) (Note 8)
LP2950AC-XX, LP2950C-XX
LP2951
LP2951AC-XX, LP2951C-XX
−0.3 to +30V
−1.5 to +30V
30V
−40° to +125°C
−55° to +150°C
−40° to +125°C
Internally Limited
+150°C
−65° to +150°C
4 seconds, 260°C
10 seconds, 240°C
75 seconds, 219°C
Electrical Characteristics
(Note 2)
LP2951
Conditions
(Note 2)
Parameter
2500V
Typ
LP2950AC-XX
LP2951AC-XX
Tested
Limit
(Note 3)
(Note 16)
Typ
Tested Design
Limit
Limit
(Note 3) (Note 4)
LP2950C-XX
LP2951C-XX
Typ
Tested Design
Limit
Limit
(Note 3) (Note 4)
Units
3V Versions (Note 17)
Output Voltage
TJ = 25°C
3.0
3.015
−25°C ≤ TJ ≤ 85°C
3.0
2.955
V min
Full Operating
Temperature Range
3.0
3.036
2.964
3.0
3.036
2.964
3.0
3.060
2.940
V max
V min
100μA ≤ IL ≤ 100mA
3.0
3.045
3.0
3.042
3.0
3.072
V max
2.928
V min
3.0
2.985
3.015
3.0
2.985
TJ ≤ TJMAX
2.955
V min
3.045
3.0
2.970
Output Voltage
V max
2.970
3.030
3.0
3.030
2.958
V max
3.3V Versions (Note 17)
Output Voltage
TJ = 25°C
3.3
3.317
3.3
3.284
−25°C ≤ TJ ≤ 85°C
3.317
3.3
3.284
3.3
3.333
3.3
3.333
V max
3.267
V min
3.3
3.267
Output Voltage
3.350
V max
3.251
V min
Full Operating
Temperature Range
3.3
3.340
3.260
3.3
3.340
3.260
3.3
3.366
3.234
V max
V min
100μA ≤ IL ≤ 100mA
3.3
3.350
3.3
3.346
3.3
3.379
V max
3.221
V min
TJ ≤ TJMAX
3.251
3.254
5V Versions (Note 17)
Output Voltage
TJ = 25°C
5.0
5.025
5.0
4.975
−25°C ≤ TJ ≤ 85°C
5.025
5.0
4.975
5.0
5.0
5.05
5.0
4.95
Output Voltage
5.05
V max
4.95
V min
5.075
V max
4.925
V min
Full Operating
Temperature Range
5.0
5.06
4.94
5.0
5.06
4.94
5.0
5.1
4.9
V max
V min
100μA ≤ IL ≤ 100mA
5.0
5.075
5.0
5.075
5.0
5.12
V max
4.88
V min
TJ ≤ TJMAX
4.925
4.925
5
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LP2950/LP2951
ESD Rating
Human Body Model(Note 18)
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
LP2950/LP2951
LP2951
Parameter
Conditions
(Note 2)
Typ
LP2950AC-XX
LP2951AC-XX
Tested
Limit
(Note 3)
(Note 16)
Typ
Tested Design
Limit
Limit
(Note 3) (Note 4)
LP2950C-XX
LP2951C-XX
Typ
Tested Design
Limit
Limit
(Note 3) (Note 4)
Units
All Voltage Options
Output Voltage
Temperature
Coefficient
(Note 12)
Line Regulation
(Note 14)
(VONOM + 1)V ≤ Vin 0.03
Load Regulation
(Note 14)
Dropout Voltage
(Note 5)
20
≤ 30V (Note 15)
100μA ≤ IL ≤ 100mA 0.04
IL = 100μA
IL = 100μA
20
0.1
0.5
0.03
0.1
0.3
0.04
0.1
50
380
450
600
380
75
120
75
8
0.1
80
150
ppm/°C
0.4
% max
% max
0.3
% max
% max
150
mV max
mV max
600
mV max
mV max
0.2
0.2
80
150
50
600
380
450
450
120
75
12
8
12
μA max
120
140
14
110
0.04
0.1
140
IL = 100mA
50
0.2
50
Current
100
0.2
80
150
IL = 100mA
Ground
120
140
8
12
mA max
14
170
110
170
160
200
0.05
0.2
14
170
160
200
0.05
0.2
mA max
μA max
Dropout
Vin = (VONOM − 0.5)
V
Ground Current
IL = 100μA
Current Limit
Vout = 0
160
Thermal Regulation
(Note 13)
0.05
Output Noise,
CL = 1μF (5V Only)
430
430
430
μV rms
10 Hz to 100 kHz
CL = 200μF
160
160
160
μV rms
100
100
100
μV rms
200
110
μA max
200
200
220
200
220
0.2
μA max
mA max
220
mA max
%/W
max
CL = 3.3μF
(Bypass = 0.01μF
Pins 7 to 1 (LP2951)
8-pin Versions Only
LP2951
Reference
1.23
5
Voltage
Reference
Voltage
Feedback Pin Bias
Current Temperature
Coefficient
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1.23
5
1.26
1.22
1.2
(Note 7)
Feedback Pin
Bias Current
Reference Voltage
Temperature
Coefficient
LP2951AC-XX
1.25
LP2951C-XX
1.23
5
1.26
40
60
20
V max
1.2
1.2
V max
V min
V min
1.27
1.19
1.285
1.185
V max
V min
60
nA max
nA max
1.26
1.27
1.22
1.27
1.19
20
(Note 12)
1.25
1.21
40
20
60
40
20
20
50
ppm/°C
0.1
0.1
0.1
nA/°C
6
Parameter
Conditions
(Note 2)
Typ
LP2950AC-XX
LP2951AC-XX
Tested
Limit
(Note 3)
(Note 16)
Typ
LP2950C-XX
LP2951C-XX
Tested Design
Limit
Limit
(Note 3) (Note 4)
Typ
Tested Design
Limit
Limit
(Note 3) (Note 4)
Units
Error Comparator
Output Leakage
0.01
1
Output Low
Vin = (VONOM − 0.5)
V
150
250
Voltage
IOL = 400μA
Upper Threshold
Voltage
(Note 6)
Lower Threshold
Voltage
(Note 6)
75
Hysteresis
(Note 6)
15
15
15
mV
1.3
1.3
1.3
V
V max
V min
Current
0.01
1
150
250
2
1
150
250
2
400
60
0.01
μA max
VOH = 30V
400
40
25
60
95
140
75
40
60
75
mV max
400
mV max
25
mV min
mV min
140
mV max
mV max
40
25
95
μA max
2
95
140
Shutdown Input
Input
Logic
Voltage
Shutdown Pin Input
Current
Low (Regulator ON)
High (Regulator
OFF)
Vshutdown = 2.4V
0.6
2.0
30
0.7
2.0
50
30
50
100
Vshutdown = 30V
450
(Note 11)
3
30
600
450
600
100
450
3
20
10
750
3
20
μA max
μA max
600
750
10
μA max
50
100
750
Regulator Output
Current in Shutdown
0.7
2.0
μA max
μA max
10
20
μA max
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings are limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings are conditions under which operation of the
device is guaranteed. Operating Ratings do not imply guaranteed performance limits. For guaranteed performance limits and associated test conditions, see the
Electrical Characteristics tables.
Note 2: Unless otherwise specified all limits guaranteed for VIN = (VONOM + 1)V, IL = 100μA and CL = 1μF for 5V versions and 2.2μF for 3V and 3.3V versions.
Limits appearing in boldface type apply over the entire junction temperature range for operation. Limits appearing in normal type apply for TA = TJ = 25°C.
Additional conditions for the 8-pin versions are FEEDBACK tied to VTAP, OUTPUT tied to SENSE, and VSHUTDOWN ≤ 0.8V.
Note 3: Guaranteed and 100% production tested.
Note 4: Guaranteed but not 100% production tested. These limits are not used to calculate outgoing AQL levels.
Note 5: Dropout Voltage is defined as the input to output differential at which the output voltage drops 100 mV below its nominal value measured at 1V differential.
At very low values of programmed output voltage, the minimum input supply voltage of 2V (2.3V over temperature) must be taken into account.
Note 6: Comparator thresholds are expressed in terms of a voltage differential at the Feedback terminal below the nominal reference voltage measured at Vin =
(VONOM + 1)V. To express these thresholds in terms of output voltage change, multiply by the error amplifier gain = Vout/Vref = (R1 + R2)/R2.For example, at a
programmed output voltage of 5V, the Error output is guaranteed to go low when the output drops by 95mV × 5V/1.235V = 384 mV. Thresholds remain constant
as a percent of Vout as Vout is varied, with the dropout warning occurring at typically 5% below nominal, 7.5% guaranteed.
Note 7: Vref ≤ Vout ≤ (Vin − 1V), 2.3V ≤ Vin ≤ 30V, 100μA ≤ IL ≤ 100mA, TJ ≤ TJMAX.
Note 8: The junction-to-ambient thermal resistances are as follows: 180°C/W and 160°C/W for the TO-92 package with 0.40 inch and 0.25 inch leads to the
printed circuit board (PCB) respectively, 105°C/W for the molded plastic DIP (N), 130°C/W for the ceramic DIP (J), 160°C/W for the molded plastic SOP (M), 200°
C/W for the molded plastic MSOP (MM), and 160°C/W for the metal can package (H). The above thermal resistances for the N, J, M, and MM packages apply
when the package is soldered directly to the PCB. Junction-to-case thermal resistance for the H package is 20°C/W. Junction-to-case thermal resistance for the
TO-252 package is 5.4°C/W. The value of θJA for the LLP package is typically 51°C/W but is dependent on the PCB trace area, trace material, and the number
of layers and thermal vias. For details of thermal resistance and power dissipation for the LLP package, refer to Application Note AN-1187.
Note 9: May exceed input supply voltage.
Note 10: When used in dual-supply systems where the output terminal sees loads returned to a negative supply, the output voltage should be diode-clamped to
ground.
Note 11: Vshutdown ≥ 2V, Vin ≤ 30V, Vout = 0, Feedback pin tied to VTAP.
Note 12: Output or reference voltage temperature coefficient is defined as the worst case voltage change divided by the total temperature range.
Note 13: Thermal regulation is defined as the change in output voltage at a time T after a change in power dissipation is applied, excluding load or line regulation
effects. Specifications are for a 50mA load pulse at VIN = 30V (1.25W pulse) for T = 10ms.
Note 14: Regulation is measured at constant junction temperature, using pulse testing with a low duty cycle. Changes in output voltage due to heating effects
are covered under the specification for thermal regulation.
Note 15: Line regulation for the LP2951 is tested at 150°C for IL = 1mA. For IL = 100μA and TJ = 125°C, line regulation is guaranteed by design to 0.2%. See
Typical Performance Characteristics for line regulation versus temperature and load current.
7
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LP2950/LP2951
LP2951
LP2950/LP2951
Note 16: A Military RETS specification is available on request. At time of printing, the LP2951 RETS specification complied with the boldface limits in this column.
The LP2951H, WG, or J may also be procured as Standard Military Drawing Spec #5962-3870501MGA, MXA, or MPA.
Note 17: All LP2950 devices have the nominal output voltage coded as the last two digits of the part number. In the LP2951 products, the 3.0V and 3.3V versions
are designated by the last two digits, but the 5V version is denoted with no code at this location of the part number (refer to ordering information table).
Note 18: Human Body Model (HBM) is 1.5kΩ in series with 100pF; LP2950 passes 2.5 kV(HBM) ESD; LP2951 passes 2.5 kV(HBM) except: Feedback pin passes
1kV(HBM) and Shutdown pin passes 2kV(HBM).
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LP2950/LP2951
Typical Performance Characteristics
Quiescent Current
Dropout Characteristics
854628
854627
Input Current
Input Current
854629
854630
Output Voltage vs. Temperature of 3
Representative Units
Quiescent Current
854632
854631
9
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LP2950/LP2951
Quiescent Current
Quiescent Current
854633
854634
Quiescent Current
Short Circuit Current
854635
854636
Dropout Voltage
Dropout Voltage
854638
854637
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10
LP2950/LP2951
LP2951 Minimum Operating Voltage
LP2951 Feedback Bias Current
854639
854640
LP2951 Feedback Pin Current
LP2951 Error Comparator Output
854642
854641
LP2951 Comparator Sink Current
Line Transient Response
854643
854644
11
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LP2950/LP2951
Load Transient Response
Load Transient Response
854645
854646
LP2951 Enable Transient
Output Impedance
854648
854647
Ripple Rejection
Ripple Rejection
854649
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854650
12
LP2950/LP2951
Ripple Rejection
LP2951 Output Noise
854651
854652
LP2951 Divider Resistance
Shutdown Threshold Voltage
854653
854654
Line Regulation
LP2951 Maximum Rated Output Current
854656
854655
13
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Thermal Response
854657
854658
Output Capacitor ESR Range
LP2951 Input Pin Current vs Input Voltage
INPUT PIN CURRENT, IIN (μA)
120
VSD = 2.0V
Output Load = Open
100
80
60
40
Ta= -50°C
Ta= -40°C
Ta= +25°C
Ta= +125°C
20
0
0
LP2951 Input Pin Current vs Input Voltage
120
VSD = 2.0V
Output Load = Short to Ground
100
80
60
40
Ta= -50°C
Ta= -40°C
Ta= +25°C
Ta= +125°C
20
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
INPUT PIN VOLTAGE, VIN (V)
30
854673
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5
10
15
20
25
INPUT PIN VOLTAGE, VIN (V)
30
854672
854663
INPUT PIN CURRENT, IIN (μA)
LP2950/LP2951
LP2950 Maximum Rated Output Current
14
OUTPUT CAPACITOR REQUIREMENTS
A 1.0 μF (or greater) capacitor is required between the output
and ground for stability at output voltages of 5V or higher. At
lower output voltages, more capacitance is required (2. 2μF
or more is recommended for 3.0V and 3.3V versions). Without
this capacitor the part will oscillate. Most types of tantalum or
aluminum electrolytic work fine here; even film types work but
are not recommended for reasons of cost. Many aluminum
electrolytics have electrolytes that freeze at about −30°C, so
solid tantalums are recommended for operation below −25°
C. The important parameters of the capacitor are an ESR of
about 5Ω or less and a resonant frequency above 500 kHz.
The value of this capacitor may be increased without limit.
1) At power-up, with the input voltage rising faster than output
stage can charge the output capacitor.
VIN tRISE(MIN) > ((COUT / 100 mA) x ΔVIN)
Where ΔVIN = VOUT(NOM) + 1.0V
2) Recovery from an output short circuit to ground condition.
854663
COUT(MIN)≈ (160 mA - ILOAD(NOM))/((VOUT(NOM)/10)/25 μs))
FIGURE 1. Output Capacitor ESR Range
The reason for the lower ESR limit is that the loop compensation of the feedback loop relies on the capacitance value
and the ESR value of the output capacitor to provide the zero
that gives added phase lead (See Figure 1).
3) Toggling the LP2951 SHUTDOWN pin from high (i.e. OFF)
to low (i.e. ON).
COUT(MIN)≈ (160 mA - ILOAD(NOM))/((VOUT(NOM)/10)/25 μs))
fZ = (1 / (2 x π x COUT x ESR) )
Using the 2.2 µF value from the Output Capacitor ESR
Range curve (Figure 1), a useful range for fZ can be estimated:
fZ(MIN)= (1 / (2 x π x 2.2 µF x 5Ω) ) = 14.5 kHz
fZ(MAX)= (1 / (2 x π x 2.2 µF x 0.05Ω) ) = 318 kHz
For ceramic capacitors, the low ESR produces a zero at a
frequency that is too high to be useful, so meaningful phase
lead does not occur. A ceramic output capacitor can be used
if a series resistance is added (recommended value of resistance about 0.1Ω to 2Ω) to simulate the needed ESR. Only
X5R, X7R, or better, MLCC types should be used, and should
have a DC voltage rating at least twice the VOUT(NOM) value.
At lower values of output current, less output capacitance is
required for stability. The capacitor can be reduced to
0.33 μF for currents below 10 mA or 0.1 μF for currents below
1 mA. Using the adjustable versions at voltages below 5V
runs the error amplifier at lower gains so that more output
capacitance is needed. For the worst-case situation of a
100mA load at 1.23V output (Output shorted to Feedback) a
3.3 μF (or greater) capacitor should be used.
Unlike many other regulators, the LP2950 will remain stable
and in regulation with no load in addition to the internal voltage
divider. This is especially important in CMOS RAM keep-alive
applications. When setting the output voltage of the LP2951
854647
FIGURE 2. LP2951 Enable Transient
INPUT CAPACITOR REQUIREMENTS
A minimum 1 μF tantalum, ceramic or aluminum electrolytic
capacitor should be placed from the LP2950/LP2951 input pin
to ground if there is more than 10 inches of wire between the
input and the AC filter capacitor or if a battery is used as the
input.
ERROR DETECTION COMPARATOR OUTPUT
The comparator produces a logic low output whenever the
LP2951 output falls out of regulation by more than approximately 5%. This figure is the comparator's built-in offset of
about 60mV divided by the 1.235 reference voltage. (Refer to
15
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LP2950/LP2951
versions with external resistors, a minimum load of 1 μA is
recommended.
Applications having conditions that may drive the LP2950/51
into nonlinear operation require special consideration. Nonlinear operation will occur when the output voltage is held low
enough to force the output stage into output current limiting
while trying to pull the output voltage up to the regulated value.
The internal loop response time will control how long it takes
for the device to regain linear operation when the output has
returned to the normal operating range. There are three significant nonlinear conditions that need to be considered, all
can force the output stage into output current limiting mode,
all can cause the output voltage to over-shoot with low value
output capacitors when the condition is removed, and the
recommended generic solution is to set the output capacitor
to a value not less than 10 μF. Although the 10 μF value for
COUT may not eliminate the output voltage over-shoot in all
cases, it should lower it to acceptable levels (<10% of
VOUT(NOM)) in the majority of cases. In all three of these conditions, applications with lighter load currents are more susceptible to output voltage over-shoot than applications with
higher load currents.
Application Hints
LP2950/LP2951
the block diagram in the front of the datasheet.) This trip level
remains “5% below normal” regardless of the programmed
output voltage of the 2951. For example, the error flag trip
level is typically 4.75V for a 5V output or 11.4V for a 12V output. The out of regulation condition may be due either to low
input voltage, current limiting, or thermal limiting.
Figure 3 below gives a timing diagram depicting the ERROR signal and the regulated output voltage as the LP2951
input is ramped up and down. For 5V versions, the ERROR
signal becomes valid (low) at about 1.3V input. It goes high
at about 5V input (the input voltage at which VOUT = 4.75V).
Since the LP2951's dropout voltage is load-dependent (see
curve in typical performance characteristics), the input voltage trip point (about 5V) will vary with the load current. The
output voltage trip point (approx. 4.75V) does not vary with
load.
The error comparator has an open-collector output which requires an external pull up resistor. This resistor may be returned to the output or some other supply voltage depending
on system requirements. In determining a value for this resistor, note that while the output is rated to sink 400μA, this
sink current adds to battery drain in a low battery condition.
Suggested values range from 100k to 1 MΩ. The resistor is
not required if this output is unused.
produce a 2% typical error in VOUT which may be eliminated
at room temperature by trimming R1. For better accuracy,
choosing R2 = 100 kΩ reduces this error to 0.17% while increasing the resistor program current to 12 μA. Since the
LP2951 typically draws 60 μA at no load with Pin 2 open-circuited, this is a small price to pay.
854607
*See Application Hints
**Drive with TTL-high to shut down. Ground or leave open if shutdown feature is not to be used.
Note: Pins 2 and 6 are left open.
FIGURE 4. Adjustable Regulator
Stray capacitance to the LP2951 Feedback terminal can
cause instability. This may especially be a problem when using high value external resistors to set the output voltage.
Adding a 100 pF capacitor between the Output pin and the
Feedback pin,and increasing the output capacitor to at least
3.3 μF, will fix this problem.
854620
*When VIN ≤ 1.3V, the error flag pin becomes a high impedance, and the
error flag voltage rises to its pull-up voltage. Using VOUT as the pull-up voltage (see Figure 4), rather than an external 5V source, will keep the error flag
voltage under 1.2V (typ.) in this condition. The user may wish to divide down
the error flag voltage using equal-value resistors (10kΩ suggested), to ensure a low-level logic signal during any fault condition, while still allowing a
valid high logic level during normal operation.
REDUCING OUTPUT NOISE
In reference applications it may be advantageous to reduce
the AC noise present at the output. One method is to reduce
the regulator bandwidth by increasing the size of the output
capacitor. This is the only way noise can be reduced on the
3 lead LP2950 but is relatively inefficient, as increasing the
capacitor from 1 μF to 220 μF only decreases the noise from
430 μV(RMS) to 160 μV(RMS) for a 100 kHz bandwidth at 5V
output.
Noise can be reduced fourfold by a bypass capacitor across
R1, since it reduces the high frequency gain from 4 to unity.
Pick
FIGURE 3. ERROR Output Timing
PROGRAMMING THE OUTPUT VOLTAGE (LP2951)
The LP2951 may be pin-strapped for the nominal fixed output
voltage using its internal voltage divider by tying the output
and sense pins together, and also tying the feedback and
VTAP pins together. Alternatively, it may be programmed for
any output voltage between its 1.235V reference and its 30V
maximum rating. As seen in Figure 4, an external pair of resistors is required.
The complete equation for the output voltage is
or about 0.01 μF. When doing this, the output capacitor must
be increased to 3.3 μF to maintain stability. These changes
reduce the output noise from 430μV to 100μV rms for a
100 kHz bandwidth at 5V output. With the bypass capacitor
added, noise no longer scales with output voltage so that improvements are more dramatic at higher output voltages.
where VREF is the nominal 1.235V reference voltage and IFB
is the feedback pin bias current, nominally -20nA. The minimum recommended load current of 1 μA forces an upper limit
of 1.2 MΩ on the value of R2, if the regulator must work with
no load (a condition often found in CMOS in standby). IFB will
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16
Board
Type
Thermal
Vias
θJC
θJA
JEDEC
2-Layer
JESD 51-3
None
14.2°C/W
185°C/W
1
14.2°C/W
68°C/W
2
14.2°C/W
60°C/W
4
14.2°C/W
51°C/W
6
14.2°C/W
48°C/W
JEDEC
4-Layer
JESD 51-7
17
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LP2950/LP2951
connection). The DAP must not be connected to any potential
other than ground.
For the LP2951 in the SDC08A 8-Lead LLP package, the
junction-to-case thermal rating, θJC, is 14.2°C/W, where the
case is the bottom of the package at the center of the DAP.
The junction-to-ambient thermal performance for the LP2951
in the SDC08A 8-Lead LLP package, using the JEDEC
JESD51 standards is summarized in the following table:
LLP MOUNTING
The SDC08A (No Pullback) 8-Lead LLP package requires
specific mounting techniques which are detailed in National
Semiconductor Application Note # 1187. Referring to the section PCB Design Recommendations in AN-1187 (Page 5),
it should be noted that the pad style which should be used
with the LLP package is the NSMD (non-solder mask defined)
type. Additionally, it is recommended the PCB terminal pads
to be 0.2 mm longer than the package pads to create a solder
fillet to improve reliability and inspection.
The thermal dissipation of the LLP package is directly related
to the printed circuit board construction and the amount of
additional copper area connected to the DAP.
The DAP (exposed pad) on the bottom of the LLP package is
connected to the die substrate with a conductive die attach
adhesive. The DAP has no direct electrical (wire) connection
to any of the eight pins. There is a parasitic PN junction between the die substrate and the device ground. As such, it is
strongly recommend that the DAP be connected directly to
the ground at device lead 4 (i.e. GND). Alternately, but not
recommended, the DAP may be left floating (i.e. no electrical
LP2950/LP2951
Typical Applications
1A Regulator with 1.2V Dropout
854622
300mA Regulator with 0.75V Dropout
Wide Input Voltage Range Current Limiter
854621
854609
*Minimum input-output voltage ranges from 40mV to 400mV, depending on load
current. Current limit is typically 160mA.
Low Drift Current Source
5 Volt Current Limiter
854610
*Minimum input-output voltage ranges from 40mV to 400mV, depending on load
current. Current limit is typically 160mA.
854608
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18
LP2950/LP2951
Regulator with Early Warning and Auxiliary Output
Latch Off When Error Flag Occurs
854612
854611
■ Early warning flag on low input voltage
■ Main output latches off at lower input voltages
■ Battery backup on auxiliary output
■ Operation: Reg. #1's VOUT is programmed one diode drop above 5V. Its error
flag becomes active when VIN ≤ 5.7V. When VIN drops below 5.3V, the error flag
of Reg. #2 becomes active and via Q1 latches the main output off. When VIN
again exceeds 5.7V Reg. #1 is back in regulation and the early warning signal
rises, unlatching Reg. #2 via D3.
2 Ampere Low Dropout Regulator
854613
For 5Vout, use internal resistors. Wire pin 6 to 7, & wire pin 2 to +Vout Bus.
19
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LP2950/LP2951
Open Circuit Detector for 4 → 20mA Current Loop
5V Regulator with 2.5V Sleep Function
854615
854614
*High input lowers Vout to 2.5V
Regulator with State-of-Charge Indicator
854616
*Optional Latch off when drop out occurs. Adjust R3 for C2 Switching when Vin is 6.0V.
**Outputs go low when VIN drops below designated thresholds.
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20
LP2950/LP2951
Low Battery Disconnect
854617
For values shown, Regulator shuts down when Vin < 5.5V and turns on again at 6.0V. Current drain in disconnected mode is ≈ 150μA.
*Sets disconnect Voltage
**Sets disconnect Hysteresis
System Overtemperature Protection Circuit
854618
LM34 for 125°F Shutdown
LM35 for 125°C Shutdown
21
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854623
LP2950/LP2951
Schematic Diagram
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22
LP2950/LP2951
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted
Order Number LP2951WG/883
NS Package Number WG10A
Metal Can Package (H)
NS Package Number H08C
23
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LP2950/LP2951
Ceramic Dual-In-Line Package (J)
NS Package Number J08A
Surface Mount Package (M)
NS Package Number M08A
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24
LP2950/LP2951
Molded Dual-In-Line Package (N)
NS Package Number N08E
Molded TO-92 Package (Z)
NS Package Number Z03A
25
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LP2950/LP2951
Surface Mount Package (MM)
NS Package Number MUA08A
D-Pak Package
NS Package Number TD03B
www.national.com
26
LP2950/LP2951
LLP Package
NS Package Number SDC08A
27
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LP2950/LP2951 Series of Adjustable Micropower Voltage Regulators
Notes
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