Maxim MAX1447 3.5- and 4.5-digit, single-chip adcs with led driver Datasheet

19-3166; Rev 0; 1/04
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs
with LED Drivers
The MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498 low-power, 3.5- and
4.5-digit, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) with integrated light-emitting diode (LED) drivers operate from a
single 2.7V to 5.25V power supply. They include an
internal reference, a high-accuracy on-chip oscillator,
and a multiplexed LED display driver. An internal charge
pump generates the negative supply needed to power
the integrated input buffers for single-supply operation.
The ADC is configurable for either a ±2V or ±200mV
input range and it outputs its conversion results to an
LED. The MAX1496 is a 3.5-digit (±1999 count) device
and the MAX1447/MAX1498 are 4.5-digit (±19,999
count) devices.
The MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498 do not require external precision integrating capacitors, autozero capacitors, crystal oscillators, charge pumps, or other circuitry
required with dual-slope ADCs (commonly used in
panel meter circuits).
These devices also feature on-chip buffers for the differential signal and reference input, allowing direct
interface with high-impedance signal sources. In addition, they use continuous internal offset-calibration and
offer >100dB rejection of 50Hz and 60Hz line noise.
Other features include data hold and peak detection
and overrange/underrange detection. The MAX1447
features on-demand enhanced offset calibration for
improved offset performance.
The MAX1447/MAX1498 are available in a 32-pin, 7mm
✕ 7mm TQFP package and the MAX1496 is available in
28-pin SSOP and 28-pin PDIP packages. All devices in
this family operate over the -40°C to +85°C extended
temperature range.
Features
♦ High Resolution
MAX1447/MAX1498: 4.5 Digits (±19,999 Count)
MAX1496: 3.5 Digits (±1999 Count)
♦ Sigma-Delta ADC Architecture
No Integrating Capacitors Required
No Autozeroing Capacitors Required
>100dB of Simultaneous 50Hz and 60Hz
Rejection
♦ Selectable Input Range of ±200mV or ±2V
♦ Selectable Voltage Reference: Internal 2.048V or
External
♦ Internal High-Accuracy Oscillator Needs No
External Components
♦ Automatic Offset Calibration
♦ On-Demand Enhanced Offset Calibration
(MAX1447)
♦ Operate from a Single 2.7V to 5.25V Supply
♦ Low Power (Exclude LED-Driver Current)
Maximum 744µA Operating Current (MAX1496)
Maximum 960µA Operating Current
(MAX1447/MAX1498)
Maximum 325µA Shutdown Current
♦ Multiplexed Common-Cathode LED Drivers
Resistor-Programmable Segment Current
♦ Small 32-Pin, 7mm x 7mm TQFP Package (4.5
Digits), 28-Pin SSOP Package (3.5 Digits)
♦ Also Available in a PDIP Package (3.5 Digits)
Applications
Ordering Information
Digital Panel Meters
PART
Digital Voltmeters
MAX1447ECJ
-40°C to +85°C 32 TQFP
4.5
Digital Multimeters
MAX1496EAI*
-40°C to +85°C 28 SSOP
3.5
MAX1496EPI
-40°C to +85°C 28 PDIP
3.5
MAX1498ECJ
-40°C to +85°C 32 TQFP
4.5
Pin Configurations appear at end of data sheet.
TEMP RANGE
PINRESOLUTION
PACKAGE
(DIGITS)
Hand-Held Meters
*Future product—contact factory for availability.
________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim/Dallas Direct! at
1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com.
1
MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498
General Description
MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs
with LED Drivers
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
VLED to GLED ..........................................................-0.3V to +6V
GLED to GND ........................................................-0.3V to +0.3V
SEG_ to GLED..........................................-0.3V to (VLED + 0.3V)
DIG_ to GLED ..........................................-0.3V to (VLED + 0.3V)
DIG_ Sink Current .............................................................300mA
DIG_ Source Current...........................................................50mA
SEG_ Sink Current ..............................................................50mA
SEG_ Source Current..........................................................50mA
Maximum Current Input into Any Other Pin ........................50mA
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C)
32-Pin TQFP (derate 20.7mW/°C above +70°C).....1652.9mW
28-Pin SSOP (derate 9.5mW/°C above +70°C) ...........762mW
28-Pin PDIP (derate 14.3mW/°C above +70°C)......1142.9mW
Operating Temperature Range ...........................-40°C to +85°C
Junction Temperature ......................................................+150°C
Storage Temperature Range .............................-60°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300°C
AVDD to GND (MAX1447/MAX1498) ........................-0.3V to +6V
DVDD to GND (MAX1447/MAX1498)........................-0.3V to +6V
AIN+, AIN- to GND
(MAX1447/MAX1498) ......................VNEG to (AVDD to +0.3V)
REF+, REF- to GND
(MAX1447/MAX1498) ..................... VNEG to (AVDD to +0.3V)
INTREF, RANGE, DPSET1, DPSET2, HOLD, PEAK,
DPON to GND (MAX1447/MAX1498) ..-0.3V to (DVDD + 0.3V)
VNEG to GND (MAX1447/MAX1498).......-2.6V to (AVDD + 0.3V)
LED_EN to GND (MAX1447/MAX1498) ...-0.3V to (DVDD + 0.3V)
ISET to GND (MAX1447/MAX1498) .........-0.3V to (AVDD + 0.3V)
VDD to GND (MAX1496) ...........................................-0.3V to +6V
AIN+, AIN- to GND (MAX1496)..............VNEG to (VDD to +0.3V)
REF+, REF- to GND (MAX1496) ........... VNEG to (VDD to +0.3V)
INTREF, RANGE, DPSET1, DPSET2, HOLD, PEAK,
DPON to GND (MAX1496) .....................-0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V)
VNEG to GND (MAX1496)..........................-2.6V to (VDD + 0.3V)
ISET to GND (MAX1496) ............................-0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V)
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(AVDD = DVDD = VDD = +2.7V to +5.25V, GND = 0, VLED = +2.7V to +5.25V, GLED = 0, VREF+ - VREF- = 2.048V (external reference),
CREF+ = CREF- = 0.1µF, CVNEG = 0.1µF. Internal clock mode, unless otherwise noted. All specifications are at TA = TMIN to TMAX.
Typical values are at TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
DC ACCURACY
MAX1447/MAX1498
Noise-Free Resolution
Integral Nonlinearity (Note 1)
MAX1496
INL
-19,999
+19,999
-1999
+1999
2.000V range
±1
200mV range
±1
Range Change Ratio
(VAIN+ - VAIN- = 0.100V) on 200mV range
(VAIN+ - VAIN- = 0.100V) on 2.0V range
Rollover Error
VAIN+ - VAIN- = full scale
VAIN- - VAIN+ = full scale
Output Noise
Offset Error (Zero Input Reading)
VIN = 0 (Note 2)
Gain Error
(Note 3)
Offset Drift (Zero Reading Drift)
VIN = 0 (Note 4)
Gain Drift
Counts
10:1
Ratio
±1
Counts
10
Offset
Counts
-0
-0.5
µVP-P
0
Readings
+0.5
% FSR
0.1
µV/°C
±1
ppm/°C
5
Hz
INPUT CONVERSION RATE
Conversion Rate
2
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs
with LED Drivers
(AVDD = DVDD = VDD = +2.7V to +5.25V, GND = 0, VLED = +2.7V to +5.25V, GLED = 0, VREF+ - VREF- = 2.048V (external reference),
CREF+ = CREF- = 0.1µF, CVNEG = 0.1µF. Internal clock mode, unless otherwise noted. All specifications are at TA = TMIN to TMAX.
Typical values are at TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
ANALOG INPUTS (AIN+, AIN-) (bypass to GND with 0.1µF or greater capacitors)
AIN Input Voltage Range (Note 5)
RANGE = GND
-2.0
+2.0
RANGE = DVDD (MAX1447/MAX1498) or
VDD (MAX1496)
-0.2
+0.2
-2.2
+2.2
AIN Absolute Input Voltage
Range to GND
Normal-Mode 50Hz and 60Hz
Rejection (Simultaneously)
V
V
50Hz and 60Hz ±2%
100
dB
Common-Mode 50Hz and 60Hz
Rejection (Simultaneously)
CMR
For 50Hz and 60Hz ±2%, RSOURCE < 10kΩ
150
dB
Common-Mode Rejection
CMR
At DC
100
dB
10
nA
Input Leakage Current
Input Capacitance
10
Average Dynamic Input Current
(Note 6)
-20
pF
+20
nA
INTERNAL REFERENCE (REF- = GND, INTREF = DVDD (MAX1447/MAX1498) or VDD (MAX1496) (bypass REF+ to GND with a
4.7µF capacitor)
REF Output Voltage
VREF
2.007
REF Output Short-Circuit Current
REF Output Temperature
Coefficient
TCVREF
Load Regulation
ISOURCE = 0 to 300µA, ISINK = 0 to 30µA
Line Regulation
Noise Voltage
2.048
2.089
V
1
mA
40
ppm/°C
6
mV/µA
50
µV/V
0.1Hz to 10Hz
25
10Hz to 10kHz
400
µVP-P
EXTERNAL REFERENCE (INTREF = GND) (bypass REF+ and REF- to GND with 0.1µF or greater capacitors)
REF Input Voltage
Differential, VREF+ - VREF-
Absolute REF+, REF- Input
Voltage to GND
2.048
-2.2
Normal-Mode 50Hz and 60Hz
Rejection (Simultaneously)
V
+2.2
V
50Hz and 60Hz ±2%
100
dB
Common-Mode 50Hz and 60Hz
Rejection (Simultaneously)
CMR
For 50Hz and 60Hz ±2%, RSOURCE < 10kΩ
150
dB
Common-Mode Rejection
CMR
At DC
100
dB
10
nA
Input Leakage Current
Input Capacitance
10
Average Dynamic Input Current
(Note 6)
-20
pF
+20
nA
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3
MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs
with LED Drivers
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(AVDD = DVDD = VDD = +2.7V to +5.25V, GND = 0, VLED = +2.7V to +5.25V, GLED = 0, VREF+ - VREF- = 2.048V (external reference),
CREF+ = CREF- = 0.1µF, CVNEG = 0.1µF. Internal clock mode, unless otherwise noted. All specifications are at TA = TMIN to TMAX.
Typical values are at TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
-2.60
-2.42
-2.30
V
+10
µA
CHARGE PUMP
Output Voltage
VNEG
CVNEG = 0.1µF to GND
DIGITAL INPUTS (INTREF, RANGE, PEAK, HOLD, DPSET1, DPSET2, DPON)
Input Current
Input Low Voltage
Input High Voltage
Input Hysteresis
IIN
VIN = 0 or DVDD = VDD
-10
MAX1447/MAX1498
0.3 x
DVDD
MAX1496
0.3 x
VDD
VINL
MAX1447/MAX1498
0.7 x
DVDD
MAX1496
0.7 x
VDD
VINH
VHYS
V
V
200
mV
POWER SUPPLY (Note 7)
VDD Voltage
MAX1496
2.70
5.25
V
AVDD Voltage
AVDD
MAX1447/MAX1498
2.70
5.25
V
DVDD Voltage
DVDD
MAX1447/MAX1498
2.70
Power-Supply Rejection VDD
PSRR
(Note 8)
80
dB
Power-Supply Rejection AVDD
PSRRA
(Note 8)
80
dB
Power-Supply Rejection DVDD
PSRRD
(Note 8)
100
VDD = 5.25V
664
744
VDD = 3.3V
618
663
Standby mode
268
MAX1496 VDD Current (Note 9)
MAX1447/MAX1498 AVDD
Current (Note 9)
MAX1447/MAX1498 DVDD
Current (Note 9)
VDD
IVDD
IAVDD
IDVDD
5.25
4
dB
640
AVDD = 3.3V
600
Standby mode
305
DVDD = 5.25V
320
DVDD = 3.3V
180
From AVDD or VDD
µA
325
AVDD = 5.25V
Standby mode
LED Drivers Bias Current
V
µA
µA
20
120
_______________________________________________________________________________________
µA
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs
with LED Drivers
(AVDD = DVDD = VDD = +2.7V to +5.25V, GND = 0, VLED = +2.7V to +5.25V, GLED = 0, VREF+ - VREF- = 2.048V (external reference),
CREF+ = CREF- = 0.1µF, CVNEG = 0.1µF. Internal clock mode, unless otherwise noted. All specifications are at TA = TMIN to TMAX.
Typical values are at TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
LED DRIVERS (Table 5)
LED Supply Voltage
VLED
LED Shutdown Supply Current
ISHDN
LED Supply Current
ILED
Display Scan Rate
fOSC
Segment Current Slew Rate
Seven segments and decimal point on,
RISET = 25kΩ
176
MAX1447/MAX1498
512
MAX1496
640
∆ISEG/∆t
DIG_ Voltage Low
VDIG
Segment Drive Source Current
Matching
∆ISEG
Segment Drive Source Current
ISEG
Interdigit Blanking Time
2.70
LED driver shutdown mode
5.25
V
10
µA
180
mA
Hz
25
IDIG_ = 176mA
VLED - VSEG = 0.6V, RISET = 25kΩ
16.0
mA/µs
0.178
0.300
V
3
±10
%
21.5
25.5
mA
4
µs
Note 1: Integral nonlinearity is the deviation of the analog value at any code from its theoretical value after nulling the gain error and
offset error.
Note 2: Offset calibrated.
Note 3: Offset nulled.
Note 4: Drift error is eliminated by recalibration at the new temperature.
Note 5: The input voltage range for the analog inputs is given with respect to the voltage on the negative input of the differential pair.
Note 6: VAIN+ or VAIN- = -2.2V to +2.2V. VREF+ or VREF- = -2.2V to +2.2V. All input structures are identical. Production tested on
AIN+ and REF+ only.
Note 7: Power-supply currents are measured with all digital inputs at either GND or DVDD.
Note 8: Measured at DC by changing the power-supply voltage from 2.7V to 5.25V and measuring the effect on the conversion
error with external reference. PSRR at 50Hz and 60Hz exceeds 120dB with filter notches at 50Hz and 60Hz (Figure 2).
Note 9: LED drivers are disabled.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5
MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
Typical Operating Characteristics
(AVDD = DVDD = VDD = VLED = +2.7V to +5.25V, GND = 0, GLED = 0, external reference mode, REF+ = 2.048V, REF- = GND,
RANGE = 1, internal clock mode, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
300
DIGITAL SUPPLY
500
450
100
3.25
3.75
4.25
4.75
MAX1447/96/98 toc03
DIGITAL SUPPLY
200
3.21
3.72
4.23
4.74
5.25
10
0
20
30
40
50
60
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATURE (MAX1496)
SHUTDOWN CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATURE (MAX1447/MAX1498)
SHUTDOWN CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATURE (MAX1496)
680
670
660
650
640
630
300
ANALOG SUPPLY
250
620
200
150
100
300
50
600
10
35
60
85
200
150
100
0
0
-15
250
50
DIGITAL SUPPLY
610
70
350
SHUTDOWN CURRENT (µA)
MAX1447/96/98 toc04
690
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
-40
70
-15
10
35
60
85
TEMPERATURE (°C)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
SHUTDOWN CURRENT
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE (MAX1447/MAX1498)
SHUTDOWN CURRENT
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE (MAX1496)
OFFSET ERROR vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
(MAX1447/MAX1498)
150
100
50
250
200
150
100
50
DIGITAL SUPPLY
2.75
3.25
3.75
4.25
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
4.75
5.25
0.14
0.09
0.04
-0.01
-0.06
-0.11
0
0
MAX1447/96/98 toc09
300
0.19
OFFSET ERROR (LSB)
200
MAX1447/96/98 toc08
ANALOG SUPPLY
350
SHUTDOWN CURRENT (µA)
250
MAX1447/96/98 toc07
300
6
300
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
700
-40
400
0
2.70
5.25
SHUTDOWN CURRENT (µA)
2.75
ANALOG SUPPLY
500
100
400
0
SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)
550
600
MAX1447/96/98 toc06
200
600
700
SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)
400
MAX1447/96/98 toc02
ANALOG SUPPLY
500
650
MAX1447/96/98 toc05
SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)
600
700
SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)
MAX1447/96/98 toc01
700
SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATURE (MAX1447/MAX1498)
SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE (MAX1496)
SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE (MAX1447/MAX1498)
SHUTDOWN CURRENT (µA)
MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs
with LED Drivers
-0.16
2.70
3.21
3.72
4.23
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
4.74
5.25
2.75
3.25
3.75
4.25
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
4.75
5.25
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs
with LED Drivers
OFFSET ERROR vs. TEMPERATURE
(MAX1447/MAX1498)
0
-0.04
-0.06
-0.08
-0.2
-0.10
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2.75
3.25
3.75
4.25
4.75
5.25
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
(±200mV INPUT RANGE) INL vs. OUTPUT CODE
(MAX1447/MAX1498)
(±2V INPUT RANGE) INL vs. OUTPUT CODE
(MAX1447/MAX1498)
MAX1447/96/98 toc14
0.5
INL (COUNTS)
0
0
-0.5
-0.5
-1.0
-20,000
-10,000
0
10,000
MAX1447/96/98 toc12
-0.05
-0.06
-0.07
-0.08
-0.10
0
10
20
30
40
50
20
15
10
0
-10,000
0
10,000
20,000
-0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
OUTPUT CODE
NOISE COUNTS
INTERNAL REFERENCE VOLTAGE
vs. TEMPERATURE
INTERNAL REFERENCE VOLTAGE
vs. ANALOG SUPPLY VOLTAGE
DATA OUTPUT RATE
vs. TEMPERATURE
2.050
2.049
2.048
2.047
2.046
2.048
2.047
2.046
MAX1447/96/98 toc18
2.051
2.049
5.10
5.08
DATA OUTPUT RATE (Hz)
2.052
2.050
REFERENCE VOLTAGE (V)
MAX1447/96/98 toc16
2.053
70
NOISE DISTRIBUTION
25
OUTPUT CODE
2.054
60
5
-1.0
-20,000
20,000
-0.04
TEMPERATURE (°C)
1.0
MAX1447/96/98 toc13
0.5
-0.03
-0.09
TEMPERATURE (°C)
1.0
INL (COUNTS)
-0.02
-0.1
0
REFERENCE VOLTAGE (V)
0
-0.02
MAX1447/96/98 toc15
0.1
0.02
GAIN ERROR (% FULL SCALE)
0.2
0.04
0
-0.01
PERCENTAGE OF UNITS (%)
0.3
0.06
MAX1447/96/98 toc17
OFFSET ERROR (LSB)
0.4
0.08
GAIN ERROR vs. TEMPERATURE
(MAX1447/MAX1498)
MAX1447/96/98 toc11
0.5
GAIN ERROR (% FULL SCALE)
MAX1447/96/98 toc10
0.6
GAIN ERROR vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
(MAX1447/MAX1498)
5.06
5.04
5.02
5.00
4.98
4.96
4.94
2.045
4.92
2.045
2.044
2.044
0
10
20
30
40
50
TEMPERATURE (°C)
60
70
4.90
2.75
3.25
3.75
4.25
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
4.75
5.25
-40
-15
10
35
60
85
TEMPERATURE (°C)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
7
MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(AVDD = DVDD = VDD = VLED = +2.7V to +5.25V, GND = 0, GLED = 0, external reference mode, REF+ = 2.048V, REF- = GND,
RANGE = 1, internal clock mode, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(AVDD = DVDD = VDD = VLED = +2.7V to +5.25V, GND = 0, GLED = 0, external reference mode, REF+ = 2.048V, REF- = GND,
RANGE = 1, internal clock mode, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
OFFSET ERROR
vs. COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE
5.010
5.005
5.000
4.995
4.990
0.15
0.10
0
-0.15
4.74
-2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5
5.25
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
CHARGE-PUMP OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs. ANALOG SUPPLY VOLTAGE
SEGMENT CURRENT
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
VNEG VOLTAGE (V)
-2.42
-2.44
-2.46
-2.48
30
RISET = 25kΩ
25
SEGMENT CURRENT (µA)
MAX1447/96/98 toc22
-2.40
20
15
10
5
0
-2.50
2.75
3.25
3.75
4.25
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
8
20ms/div
COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V)
MAX1447/96/98 toc23
4.23
VNEG
-0.10
-0.20
3.72
1V/div
-0.05
4.980
3.21
VDD
2V/div
0.05
4.985
2.70
MAX1447/96/98 toc20
5.015
VNEG STARTUP SCOPE SHOT
0.20
OFFSET ERROR COUNTS
MAX1447/96/98 toc19
5.020
MAX1447/96/98 toc21
DATA OUTPUT RATE
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
DATA OUTPUT RATE (Hz)
MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs
with LED Drivers
4.75
5.25
2.70
3.21
3.72
4.23
4.74
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5.25
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs
with LED Drivers
PIN
FUNCTION
MAX1496
MAX1447/
MAX1498
NAME
1
31
VNEG
-2.5V Charge-Pump Voltage Output. Connect a 0.1µF capacitor to GND.
2
32
REF-
Negative Reference Voltage Input. For internal-reference operation, connect REF- to GND.
For external-reference operation, bypass REF- to GND with a 0.1µF capacitor and set VREFfrom -2.2V to +2.2V, provided VREF+ > VREF-.
3
1
REF+
Positive Reference Voltage Input. For internal-reference operation, connect a 4.7µF
capacitor from REF+ to GND. For external-reference operation, bypass REF+ to GND with a
0.1µF capacitor and set VREF+ from -2.2V to +2.2V, provided VREF+ > VREF-.
4
2
AIN+
Positive Analog Input. Positive side of fully differential analog input. Bypass AIN+ to GND
with a 0.1µF or greater capacitor.
5
3
AIN-
Negative Analog Input. Negative side of fully differential analog input. Bypass AIN- to GND
with a 0.1µF or greater capacitor.
6
4
ISET
Segment Current Controller. Connect to ground through a resistor to set the segment
current. See Table 5 for current selection.
7
5
GND
Ground
8
—
VDD
Analog and Digital Circuit Supply Voltage. Connect VDD to a +2.7V to +5.25V power supply.
Bypass VDD to GND with a 0.1µF capacitor and a 4.7µF capacitor.
9
8
INTREF
Internal-Reference Logic Input. Connect to GND to select external-reference mode. Connect
to DVDD for the MAX1447/MAX1498 and VDD for the MAX1496 to select the internalreference mode.
10
9
RANGE
Range Logic Input. RANGE controls the fully differential analog input range. Connect to
GND for the ±2V input range. Connect to DVDD (MAX1447/MAX1498) or VDD (MAX1496) for
the ±200mV input range.
11
10
DPSET1
Decimal-Point Logic-Input 1. Controls the decimal point of the LED. See the Decimal-Point
Control section.
12
11
DPSET2
Decimal-Point Logic-Input 2. Controls the decimal point of the LED. See the Decimal-Point
Control section.
13
12
PEAK
Peak Logic Input. Connect to DVDD (MAX1447/MAX1498) or VDD (MAX1496) to display the
highest ADC value on the LED. Connect to GND to disable the peak function.
14
13
HOLD
Hold Logic Input. Connect to DVDD (MAX1447/MAX1498) or VDD (MAX1496) to hold the
current ADC value on the LED. Connect to GND to update the LED at a rate of 2.5Hz and
disable the hold function. For the MAX1447, only placing the device into hold mode initiates
an offset mismatch calibration. Assert HOLD high for a minimum of 2s to ensure the
completion of offset mismatch calibration.
15
14
DIG0
Digit 0 Driver
16
15
DIG1
Digit 1 Driver
17
16
GLED
Ground for LED Display Digit Driver
18
17
DIG2
Digit 2 Driver
_______________________________________________________________________________________
9
MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498
Pin Description
MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs
with LED Drivers
Pin Description (continued)
PIN
FUNCTION
NAME
MAX1496
MAX1447/
MAX1498
19
18
DIG3
Digit 3 Driver
20
20
SEGA
Segment A Driver
21
21
SEGB
Segment B Driver
22
22
SEGC
Segment C Driver
23
23
SEGD
Segment D Driver
24
24
SEGE
Segment E Driver
25
25
VLED
LED Display Segment Driver Supply. Connect to a +2.7V to +5.25V supply. Bypass with a
0.1µF capacitor to GLED.
26
26
SEGF
Segment F Driver
27
27
SEGG
Segment G Driver
28
28
SEGDP
Segment DP Driver
—
6
AVDD
Analog Positive Supply Voltage. Connect AVDD to a +2.7V to +5.25V power supply. Bypass
AVDD to GND with a 0.1µF capacitor.
—
7
DVDD
Digital Positive Supply Voltage. Connect DVDD to a +2.7V to +5.25V power supply. Bypass
DVDD to GND with a 0.1µF capacitor.
—
19
DIG4
Digit 4 Driver
—
29
LED_EN
—
30
DPON
Active-High LED Enable. The MAX1447/MAX1498 display driver turns off when the LED_EN
is driven to logic low. The MAX1447/MAX1498 LED display driver turns on when LED_EN is
driven to logic high.
Decimal-Point Enable Input. Controls the decimal point of the LED. See the Decimal-Point
Control section. Connect to DVDD (MAX1447/MAX1498) or VDD (MAX1496) to enable the
decimal point.
Detailed Description
The MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498 low-power, highly
integrated ADCs with LED drivers convert a ±2V differential input voltage (one count is equal to 100µV for the
MAX1447/MAX1498 and 1mV for the MAX1496) with a
sigma-delta ADC and output the result to an LED. An
additional ±200mV input range (one count is equal to
10µV for the MAX1447/MAX1498 and 100µV for the
MAX1496) is available to measure small signals with
increased resolution.
The devices operate from a single 2.7V to 5.25V power
supply and offer 3.5-digit (MAX1496) or 4.5-digit
(MAX1447/MAX1498) conversion results. An internal
2.048V reference, internal charge pump, and a high-accuracy on-chip oscillator eliminate external components.
The devices also feature on-chip buffers for the differential input signal and external-reference inputs, allowing
10
direct interface with high-impedance signal sources. In
addition, they use continuous internal offset-calibration
and offer >100dB of 50Hz and 60Hz line-noise rejection. Other features include data hold and peak detection and overrange/underrange detection.
Analog Input Protection
Internal protection diodes limit the analog input range
from VNEG to (AV DD + 0.3V) for the MAX1447/
MAX1498, and from VNEG to (V DD + 0.3V) for the
MAX1496. If the analog input exceeds this range, limit
the input current to 10mA.
Internal Analog Input/Reference Buffers
The MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498 analog input/reference buffers allow the use of high-impedance signal
sources. The input buffers’ common-mode input range
allows the analog inputs and the reference to range from
-2.2V to +2.2V.
______________________________________________________________________________________
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs
with LED Drivers
MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498
AVDD
ISET VLED
DVDD
TIMING
+2.5V
SEG1
AIN+
LED
DRIVER
BINARY-TOBCD
CONVERTERS
ADC
AIN-
SEGF
SEGDP
DIG0
DIG4
INPUT
BUFFERS
LED_EN
REF+
GLED
OSCILLATOR
CLOCK
REF-
CLK
DPON
-2.5V
+2.5V
-2.5V
DPSET1
2.048V
BANDGAP
REFERENCE
A = 1.22
DPSET2
CHARGE
PUMP
RANGE
MAX1447
MAX1498
PEAK
HOLD
GND
VNEG
Figure 1. MAX1447/MAX1498 Functional Diagram
Modulator
The MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498 perform analog-todigital conversions using a single-bit, 3rd-order, sigmadelta modulator. The sigma-delta modulator converts
the input signal into a digital pulse train whose average
duty cycle represents the digitized signal information.
The modulator quantizes the input signal at a much
higher sample rate than the bandwidth of the input.
The MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498 modulator provides
3rd-order frequency shaping of the quantization noise
resulting from the single-bit quantizer. The modulator is
fully differential for maximum signal-to-noise ratio and
minimum susceptibility to power-supply noise. A singlebit data stream is then presented to the digital filter to
remove the frequency-shaped quantization noise.
Digital Filtering
The MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498 contain an on-chip
digital lowpass filter that processes the data stream
from the modulator using a SINC4 response:
 sin(x)  4


 x 
The SINC4 filter has a settling time of four output data
periods (4 x 200ms).
The MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498 have 25% overrange capability built into the modulator and digital filter. The digital filter is optimized for the fCLK equal to
4.9152MHz. The frequency response of the SINC4 filter is
calculated as follows:
 1 (1 - Z -N )  4

H(z) = 
 N (1 - Z -1) 
4
 
f 
 sin Nπ  
fm  

1
H(f) = 
N
 πf  
 sin  

 fm  
where N is the oversampling ratio, and fm = N x output
data rate = 5Hz.
______________________________________________________________________________________
11
0
A
-40
A
B
F
C
E
DP
G
DIGIT 4
-80
A
G
F
D
GAIN (dB)
MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs
with LED Drivers
B
F
C
E
DP
A
G
B
F
C
E
DP
A
G
B
F
C
E
DP
G
B
C
DP
D
D
D
D
DIGIT 3
DIGIT 2
DIGIT 1
DIGIT 0
-120
Figure 3. Segment Connection for the MAX1447/MAX1498
(4.5 Digits)
-160
-200
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
FREQUENCY (Hz)
A
Figure 2. Frequency Response of the SINC4 Filter (Notch at 50Hz
and 60Hz)
Filter Characteristics
Figure 2 shows the filter frequency response. The
SINC4 characteristic -3dB cutoff frequency is 0.228
times the first notch frequency (5Hz). The oversampling
ratio (OSR) for the MAX1496 is 128 and the OSR for the
MAX1447/MAX1498 is 1024.
The output data rate for the digital filter corresponds to
the positioning of the first notch of the filter’s frequency
response. The notches of the SINC4 filter are repeated
at multiples of the first notch frequency. The SINC4 filter
provides an attenuation of better than 100dB at these
notches. For example, 50Hz is equal to 10 times the
first notch frequency and 60Hz is equal to 12 times the
first notch frequency.
For large step changes at the input, allow a settling
time of 800ms before valid data is read.
Internal Clock
The MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498 contain an internal
oscillator. Using the internal oscillator saves board
space by removing the need for an external clock
source. The oscillator is optimized to give 50Hz and
60Hz power-supply and common-mode rejection.
Charge Pump
The MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498 contain an internal
charge pump to provide the negative supply voltage
for the internal analog input/reference buffers.
12
A
B
F
C
E
DP
F
D
G
DIGIT 3
G
A
B
F
C
E
DP
G
A
B
F
C
E
DP
G
B
C
DP
D
D
D
DIGIT 2
DIGIT 1
DIGIT 0
Figure 4. Segment Connection for the MAX1496 (3.5 Digits)
Table 1. LED Priority Table
HOLD
PEAK
1
X
Hold value
DISPLAY VALUES FORM
0
1
Peak value
0
0
Latest ADC result
X = Don’t care.
The bipolar input range of the analog input/reference
buffers allows this device to accept negative inputs
with high source impedances. Connect a 0.1µF capacitor from VNEG to GND.
LED Driver
The MAX1447/MAX1498 have a 4.5-digit common-cathode display driver, and the MAX1496 has a 3.5-digit
common-cathode display driver. Figures 3 and 4 show
the connection schemes for a standard seven-segment
LED display. The LED update rate is 2.5Hz. The
MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498 automatically display the
results of the ADC, if desired (Table 1).
______________________________________________________________________________________
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs
with LED Drivers
SEGG
SEGF
SEGE
SEGD
SEGC
SEGB
SEGA
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
DP
A
B
C
DIGIT 1
D
G
G
DP
A
F
B
C
E
F
DIGIT 2
A
F
E
B
G
C
E
DP
DP
D
D
TON =
T 1.95312ms
=
= 390.60µs (MAX1447 / MAX1498)
5
5
TON =
T 1.5625ms
=
= 390.60µs (MAX1496)
4
4
Figure 5. Two-Digit Common-Cathode Configuration
TON
DIGIT 4 (MSD)
DIGIT 3
DIGIT 2
DIGIT 1
DIGIT 0 (LSD)
T
DATA
4
MSD
3
2
1
0
LSD
4
3
2
1
0
4
0
LSD
3
2
1
0
3
2
1
Figure 6. LED Voltage Waveform—MAX1447/MAX1498
TON
DIGIT 3 (MSD)
DIGIT 2
DIGIT 1
DIGIT 0 (LSD)
T
DATA
3
MSD
2
1
Figure 7. LED Voltage Waveform—MAX1496
______________________________________________________________________________________
13
MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498
Figure 5 shows a typical common-cathode configuration for two digits. In common-cathode configuration,
the cathodes of all LEDs in a digit are connected
together. Each segment driver of the MAX1447/
MAX1496/MAX1498 connects to its corresponding
LED’s anodes. For example, segment driver SEGA connects to all LED segments designated as A. Similar
configurations are used for other segment drivers.
The MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498 use a multiplexing
scheme to drive one digit at a time. The scan rate is fast
enough to make the digits appear to be lit. Figures 6 and
7 show data-timing diagrams for the MAX1447/
MAX1496/MAX1498, where T is the display scan period
(typically around 1/512Hz or 1.9531ms for the
MAX1447/MAX1498, and 1/640Hz or 1.5625ms for the
MAX1496). TON in Figures 6 and 7 denotes the amount
of time each digit is on and is calculated as follows:
SEGDP
MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs
with LED Drivers
Decimal-Point Control
Reference
The MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498 allow for full decimal-point control and feature leading-zero suppression.
Use the DPON, DPSET1, and DPSET2 bits in the control register to set the value of the decimal point (Tables
2 and 3). The MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498 overrange
and underrange display is shown in Table 4.
The MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498 reference sets the
full-scale range of the ADC transfer function. With a
nominal 2.048V reference, the ADC full-scale range is
±2V with RANGE = GND. With RANGE = DV DD
(MAX1447/MAX1498) or VDD (MAX1496), the full-scale
range is ±200mV. A decreased reference voltage
decreases full-scale range (see the Transfer Functions
section).
The MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498 accept either an
external reference or an internal reference (INTREF).
The INTREF logic selects the reference mode.
For internal-reference operation, set INTREF to DVDD
(MAX1447/MAX1498) or VDD (MAX1496), connect REFto GND, and bypass REF+ to GND with a 4.7µF capacitor. The internal reference provides a nominal 2.048V
source between REF+ and GND. The internal-reference
temperature coefficient is typically 40ppm/°C.
Leading-Zero Suppression
The MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498 include a leadingzero suppression circuitry to turn off unnecessary zeros.
For example, when DPSET1 and DPSET2 = [0,0], 0.0 is
displayed instead of 000.0. This feature saves a substantial amount of power from being wasted.
Interdigit Blanking
The MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498 also include an
interdigit blanking circuitry. Without this feature, it is
possible to see a faint digit next to a digit that is completely on. The interdigit blanking circuitry prevents
bleeding over into the next digit for a short period of
time. The typical interdigit blanking time is 4µs.
Table 2. Decimal-Point Control Table—MAX1447/MAX1498
DPON
DPSET1
DPSET2
DISPLAY OUTPUT
ZERO INPUT READING
0
0
0
18888
0
0
0
1
18888
0
0
1
0
18888
0
0
1
1
18888
0
1
0
0
1888.8
0.0
1
0
1
188.88
0.00
1
1
0
18.888
0.000
1
1
1
1.8888
0.0000
Table 3. Decimal-Point Control Table—MAX1496
DPSET1
DPSET2
DISPLAY OUTPUT
ZERO INPUT READING
0
0
188.8
0.0
0
1
18.88
0.00
1
0
1888
0
1
1
1.888
0.000
X = Don’t care.
Table 4. LED During Overrange and
Underrange Conditions
14
CONDITION
MAX1496
MAX1447/MAX1498
Overrange
1---
1----
Underrange
-1---
-1----
______________________________________________________________________________________
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs
with LED Drivers
Figure 8 shows the MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498 operating with an external differential reference. In this figure, REF- is connected to the top of the strain gauge
and REF+ is connected to the midpoint of the resistordivider of the supply.
Figure 9 shows the MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498 operating with an external single-ended reference. In this
figure, REF- is connected to GND and REF+ is driven
with an external 2.048V reference. Bypass REF+ to
GND with a 0.47µF capacitor.
Applications Information
Power-On Reset
At power-up, the digital filter and modulator circuits reset.
The MAX1447/MAX1498 allows 6s for the reference to
stabilize before performing enhanced offset calibration.
During these 6s, the MAX1447/MAX1498 display 1.2V
to 1.5V when a stable reference is detected. If a valid
reference is not found, the MAX1447/MAX1498 time out
after 6s and begin enhanced offset calibration.
Enhanced offset calibration typically lasts 2s. The
MAX1447/MAX1498 begin converting after enhanced
offset calibration.
Offset Calibration
The MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498 offer on-chip offset
calibration. The device offset calibrates during every conversion cycle.
Enhanced Offset Calibration
(MAX1447 Only)
Enhanced offset calibration is a more accurate calibration method that is needed in the case of the ±200mV
range and 4.5-digit resolution. In addition to enhanced
offset calibration at power-up, the MAX1447 performs
enhanced calibration on demand by connecting HOLD
to AVDD for > 2s.
Peak
The MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498 feature peak-detection circuitry. When activated (PEAK connected to
AV DD for the MAX1498/MAX1447 or to VDD for the
MAX1496), the devices display only the highest voltage
measured to the LED.
First, the current ADC result is displayed. The new ADC
conversion result is compared to the current result. If the
new value is larger than the previous peak value, the
new value is displayed. If the new value is less than the
previous peak value, the display remains unchanged.
Connect PEAK to GND to clear the peak value and disable the peak function.
ANALOG SUPPLY
FERRITE
BEAD
0.1µF
0.1µF
4.7µF
THERMOCOUPLE
JUNCTION
4.7µF
AVDD
DVDD
AIN+
MAX1447
MAX1496
MAX1498
REF+
0.1µF
RREF
REF0.1µF
ACTIVE
GAUGE
MAX1447
MAX1496
MAX1498
AIN0.1µF
+5V
R
+2.048V
0.1µF
REF+
MAX6062
AIN+
REF-
AIN-
DUMMY
GAUGE
0.1µF
GND
R
GND
Figure 8. Strain-Gauge Application with the MAX1447/MAX1496/
MAX1498
0.47µF
Figure 9. Thermocouple Application with the MAX1447/MAX1496/
MAX1498
______________________________________________________________________________________
15
MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498
For external-reference operation, set INTREF to GND.
REF+ and REF- are fully differential. For a valid external-reference input, VREF+ must be greater than VREF-.
Bypass REF+ and REF- with a 0.1µF or greater capacitor to GND in external-reference mode.
MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs
with LED Drivers
Hold
Transfer Functions
The MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498 feature data-hold
circuitry. When activated (HOLD is set to AVDD for the
MAX1447/MAX1498 or to VDD for the MAX1496), the
device holds the current reading on the LED.
Figures 10–13 show the transfer functions of the
MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498.
The transfer function for the MAX1447/MAX1498 with
AIN+ - AIN- ≥ 0, RANGE = GND is:
Strain-Gauge Measurement
Connect the differential inputs of the MAX1447/
MAX1496/MAX1498 to the bridge network of the strain
gauge. In Figure 8, the analog supply voltage powers
the bridge network and the MAX1447/MAX1496/
MAX1498, along with the reference voltage. The
MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498 handle an analog input
voltage range of ±200mV and ±2V full scale. The analog/reference inputs of the parts allow the analog input
range to have an absolute value of anywhere between
-2.2V and +2.2V.
Thermocouple Measurement
Figure 9 shows a connection from a thermocouple to
the MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498. In this application,
the MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498 take advantage of
the on-chip input buffers that allow large source impedances on the front end. The decoupling capacitors
reduce noise pickup from the thermocouple leads. To
place the differential voltage from the thermocouple at
a suitable common-mode voltage, the AIN- input of the
MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498 is biased to GND. Use
an external temperature sensor, such as the DS75, and
a microcontroller to perform cold-junction temperature
compensation.
The transfer function for the MAX1447/MAX1498 with
AIN+ - AIN- < 0, RANGE = GND is:
V

−V
COUNT = 1.024  AIN+ AIN− × 20,000 + 1
 VREF + − VREF −

The transfer function for the MAX1447/MAX1498 with
AIN+ - AIN- ≥ 0, RANGE = DVDD is:
V

−V
COUNT = 1.024  AIN+ AIN− × 20,000 × 10
 VREF + − VREF −

The transfer function for the MAX1447/MAX1498 with
AIN+ - AIN- < 0, RANGE = DVDD is:
V

−V
COUNT = 1.024  AIN+ AIN− × 20,000 × 10 + 1
 VREF + − VREF −

LED
LED
1----
1----
19,999
19,999
2
2
1
1
0
0
-0
-0
-1
-1
-2
-2
-19,999
-19,999
-1----
-1----2V
-100µV 0 100µV
+2V
ANALOG INPUT VOLTAGE
Figure 10. MAX1447/MAX1498 Transfer Function, ±2V Range
16
V

−V
COUNT = 1.024  AIN+ AIN− × 20,000
 VREF + − VREF −

-200mV
-10µV 0 10µV
+200mV
ANALOG INPUT VOLTAGE
Figure 11. MAX1447/MAX1498 Transfer Function, ±200mV Range
______________________________________________________________________________________
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs
with LED Drivers
V

−V
COUNT = 1.024  AIN+ AIN− × 2000
 VREF + − VREF −

The transfer function for the MAX1496 with AIN+ - AIN< 0, RANGE = GND is:
V

−V
COUNT = 1.024  AIN+ AIN− × 2000 + 1
 VREF + − VREF −

The transfer function for the MAX1496 with AIN+ - AIN≥ 0, RANGE = VDD is:
V

−V
COUNT = 1.024  AIN+ AIN− × 2000 × 10
 VREF + − VREF −

The transfer function for the MAX1496 with AIN+ - AIN< 0, RANGE = VDD is:
V

−V
COUNT = 1.024  AIN+ AIN− × 2000 × 10 + 1
 VREF + − VREF −

Supplies, Layout, and Bypassing
Power up AVDD and DVDD (MAX1447/MAX1498) and
VDD (MAX1496) before applying an analog input and
external-reference voltage to the device. If this is not
possible, limit the current into these inputs to 50mA.
When the analog and digital supplies come from the
same source, isolate the digital supply from the analog
supply with a low-value resistor (10Ω) or ferrite bead.
For best performance, ground the MAX1447/
MAX1496/MAX1498 to the analog ground plane of the
circuit board.
Avoid running digital lines under the device as this can
couple noise onto the IC. Run the analog ground plane
under the MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498 to minimize
coupling of digital noise. Make the power-supply lines
to the MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498 as wide as possible to provide low-impedance paths and reduce the
effects of glitches on the power-supply line.
Shield fast-switching signals, such as clocks, with digital
ground to avoid radiating noise to other sections of the
board. Avoid running clock signals near the analog
inputs. Avoid crossover of digital and analog signals.
Running traces that are on opposite sides of the board at
right angles to each other reduces feedthrough effects.
Good decoupling is important when using high-resolution
ADCs. Decouple the supplies with 0.1µF ceramic capacitors to GND. Place these components as close to the
device as possible to achieve the best decoupling.
LED
LED
1---
1---
1999
1999
2
2
1
1
0
0
-0
-0
-1
-1
-2
-2
-1999
-1999
-1---
-1---200mV
-100µV 0 100µV
+200mV
ANALOG INPUT VOLTAGE
Figure 12. MAX1496 Transfer Function, ±200mV Range
-2V
-1mV 0 1mV
+2V
ANALOG INPUT VOLTAGE
Figure 13. MAX1496 Transfer Function, ±2V Range
______________________________________________________________________________________
17
MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498
The transfer function for the MAX1496 with AIN+ - AIN≥ 0, RANGE = GND is:
MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs
with LED Drivers
Selecting Segment Current
A resistor from ISET to ground sets the current for each
LED segment. See Table 5 for more detail. Use the following formula to set the segment current:
 1.20V 
ISEG = 
 × 450
 RISET 
RISET values below 25kΩ increase the ISEG. However,
the internal current-limit circuit limits the ISEG to less than
30mA. At higher ISEG values, proper operation of the
device is not guaranteed. In addition, the power dissipated may exceed the package power-dissipation limit.
Choosing Supply Voltage to Minimize
Power Dissipation
The MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498 drive a peak current
of 25.5mA into LEDs with a 2.2V forward voltage drop
when operated from a supply voltage of at least 3.0V.
Therefore, the minimum voltage drop across the internal LED drivers is (3.0V - 2.2V) = 0.8V. The MAX1447/
MAX1496/MAX1498 sink (8 x 25.5mA = 204mA) when
the outputs are operating and the LED segment drivers
are at full current. For a 3.3V supply, the MAX1447/
MAX1496/MAX1498 dissipate (3.3V - 2.2V) x 204 =
224.4mW. If a higher supply voltage is used, the driver
absorbs a higher voltage, and the driver’s power dissipation increases accordingly. However, if the LEDs
used have a higher forward voltage drop than 2.2V, the
supply voltage must be raised accordingly to ensure
that the driver always has at least 0.8V headroom.
For a VLED supply voltage of 2.7V, the maximum LED
forward voltage is 1.9V to ensure 0.8V driver headroom.
The voltage drop across the drivers with a nominal +5V
supply (5.0V - 2.2V = 2.8V) is almost three times the
drop across the drivers with a nominal 3.3V supply
(3.3V - 2.2V = 1.1V). Therefore, the driver’s power dissipation increases three times. The power dissipation in
the part causes the junction temperature to rise accordingly. In the high ambient temperature case, the total
junction temperature may be very high (>+125°C). At
higher junction temperatures, the ADC performance
degrades. To ensure the dissipation limit for the
MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498 is not exceeded and the
ADC performance is not degraded, a diode can be
inserted between the power supply and VLED.
18
Table 5. Segment-Current Selection
RISET (kΩ)
ISEG (mA)
25
21.6
50
10.8
100
5.4
500
1.1
>2500
LED driver disabled
Computing Power Dissipation
The following can be used to compute power dissipation:
PD = (VLED x IVLED ) + (VLED - VDIODE)
(DUTY x ISEG x N) + VSUPPLY x ISUPPLY
VLED = LED driver supply voltage
IVLED = VLED bias current
VDIODE = LED forward voltage
DUTY = segment ON time during each digit ON time
ISEG = segment current set by RISET
N = number of segments driven (worst case is eight)
VSUPPLY = supply voltage of the part
ISUPPLY = supply current from VDD for the MAX1496 or
AVDD + DVDD for the MAX1447/MAX1498.
Dissipation Example
For ISEG = 25.5mA, N = 8, DUTY = 127 / 128, VDIODE =
1.5V at 25.5mA, VLED = VSUPPLY = 5.25V:
PD = (5.25 x 2mA) + (5.25V - 1.5) [(127 / 128)
x 25.5mA x 8)] + 5.25 x 1.080mA
PD = 0.7751W
28-Pin SSOP-Package Example
For the 28-pin SSOP package (TJA = 1 / 0.009496 =
+105.3°C/W), the maximum allowed ambient temperature TA is given by:
TJ (max) = TA + (PD x TJA) =
+125°C = TA + (0.7751W x +105.3°C/W)
TA = +43°C
Thus, the device cannot operate safely at a maximum
package temperature of +85°C. The power dissipates
in the part need to be lowered.
______________________________________________________________________________________
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs
with LED Drivers
28-Pin PDIP-Package Example
PD x TJA (max) = (+125°C) - (+85°C) = +40°C
PD (max) = +40°C / +70°C/W = 571mW
VLED - VDIODE = [571mW - (5.25V x 2mA) - 5.25V x
1.080mA] / [(127 / 128) x 25.5mA x 8]
VLED - VDIODE = 2.80V
For a 28-pin PDIP package, VLED - VDIODE should have
the following condition to ensure it operates safely:
0.8V < VLED - VDIODE < 2.80V
32-Pin TQFP Package
The MAX1447/MAX1498 TQFP package can operate
safely for all supply voltages provided VDIODE > 1.5V.
Definitions
INL
Integral nonlinearity (INL) is the deviation of the values
on an actual transfer function from a straight line. This
straight line is either a best-straight-line fit or a line
drawn between the end points of the transfer function,
once offset and gain errors have been nullified. INL for
the MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498 is measured using
the end-point method.
DNL
Rollover Error
Rollover error is defined as the absolute-value difference between a near positive full-scale reading and
near negative full-scale reading. Rollover error is tested
by applying a full-scale positive voltage, swapping
AIN+ and AIN-, and adding the results.
Zero Input Reading
Ideally, with AIN+ connected to AIN-, the MAX1447/
MAX1496/MAX1498 LED displays zero. Zero input
reading is the measured deviation from the ideal zero
and the actual measured point.
Gain Error
Gain error is the amount of deviation between the measured full-scale transition point and the ideal full-scale
transition point.
Common-Mode Rejection
Common-mode rejection (CMR) is the ability of a
device to reject a signal that is common to both input
terminals. The common-mode signal can be either an
AC or a DC signal or a combination of the two. CMR is
often expressed in decibels.
Normal-Mode 50Hz and 60Hz Rejection
(Simultaneously)
Normal-mode rejection is a measure of how much output
changes when 50Hz and 60Hz signals are injected into
only one of the differential inputs. The MAX1447/
MAX1496/MAX1498 sigma-delta converter uses its internal digital filter to provide normal-mode rejection to both
50Hz and 60Hz power-line frequencies simultaneously.
Power-Supply Rejection Ratio
Power-supply rejection ratio (PSRR) is the ratio of the input
supply change (in volts) to the change in the converter
output (in volts). It is typically measured in decibels.
Differential nonlinearity (DNL) is the difference between
an actual step width and the ideal value of ±1 LSB. A
DNL error specification of less than ±1 LSB guarantees
no missing codes and a monotonic transfer function.
______________________________________________________________________________________
19
MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498
(PD x TJA) max = (+125°C) - (+85°C) = +40°C
PD (max) = +40°C /+105.3°C/W = 380mW
(VLED - VDIODE) = [380mW - (5.25V x 2mA) - 5.25V x
1.080mA] / [(127 / 128) x 25.5mA x 8]
VLED - VDIODE = 1.854V
VLED - VDIODE should have the following condition to
ensure it operates safely:
0.8V < VLED - VDIODE < 1.854V
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs
with LED Drivers
MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498
Typical Operating Circuits
DIG0–DIG4
DIGIT
CONNECTIONS
SEGA–SEGDP
SEGMENT
CONNECTIONS
AIN+
VIN
AIN-
DPSET2
VLED
DPSET1
RANGE
MAX1447
MAX1498
DVDD
INTREF
0.1µF
10µF
PEAK
HOLD
AVDD
DPON
0.1µF
ISET
LISO
VNEG
GND
REF-
REF+
0.1µF
GLED
4.7µF
25kΩ
2.7V TO
5.25V
10µF
VIN
DIG0–DIG3
DIGIT
CONNECTIONS
SEGA–SEGDP
SEGMENT
CONNECTIONS
AIN+
AIN-
DPSET2
VLED
DPSET1
10µF
RANGE
MAX1496
VDD
INTREF
0.1µF
PEAK
HOLD
2.7V TO
5.25V
ISET
VNEG
GND
0.1µF
REF-
REF+
GLED
4.7µF
25kΩ
20
______________________________________________________________________________________
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs
with LED Drivers
VNEG 1
28 SEGDP
REF-
VNEG
DPON
LED_EN
SEGDP
SEGG
SEGF
VLED
TOP VIEW
REF- 2
27 SEGG
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
REF+ 3
26 SEGF
AIN+ 4
25 VLED
AIN- 5
24 SEGE
ISET 6
MAX1496
23 SEGD
REF+
1
24 SEGE
AIN+
2
23 SEGD
AIN-
3
22 SEGC
ISET
4
21 SEGB
GND 7
22 SEGC
VDD 8
21 SEGB
INTREF 9
20 SEGA
AVDD
6
19 DIG4
RANGE 10
19 DIG3
DVDD
7
18 DIG3
DPSET1 11
18 DIG2
INTREF
8
17 DIG2
DPSET2 12
17 GLED
PEAK 13
16 DIG1
HOLD 14
15 DIG0
SSOP/PDIP
13
14
15
16
DIG1
GLED
DPSET2
12
DIG0
11
HOLD
10
20 SEGA
PEAK
9
DPSET1
5
RANGE
GND
MAX1447
MAX1498
TQFP
Chip Information
TRANSISTOR COUNT: 80,000
PROCESS: BiCMOS
______________________________________________________________________________________
21
MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498
Pin Configurations
Package Information
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information,
go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
32L/48L,TQFP.EPS
MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs
with LED Drivers
22
______________________________________________________________________________________
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs
with LED Drivers
SSOP.EPS
2
1
INCHES
E
H
MILLIMETERS
DIM
MIN
MAX
MIN
MAX
A
0.068
0.078
1.73
1.99
A1
0.002
0.008
0.05
0.21
B
0.010
0.015
0.25
0.38
C
0.20
0.09
0.004 0.008
SEE VARIATIONS
D
E
e
0.205
0.212
0.0256 BSC
5.20
MILLIMETERS
INCHES
D
D
D
D
D
5.38
MIN
MAX
MIN
MAX
0.239
0.239
0.278
0.249
0.249
0.289
6.07
6.07
7.07
6.33
6.33
7.33
0.317
0.397
0.328
0.407
8.07
10.07
8.33
10.33
N
14L
16L
20L
24L
28L
0.65 BSC
H
0.301
0.311
7.65
7.90
L
0.025
0∞
0.037
8∞
0.63
0∞
0.95
8∞
N
A
C
B
e
A1
L
D
NOTES:
1. D&E DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH.
2. MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS NOT TO EXCEED .15 MM (.006").
3. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETERS.
4. MEETS JEDEC MO150.
5. LEADS TO BE COPLANAR WITHIN 0.10 MM.
PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TITLE:
PACKAGE OUTLINE, SSOP, 5.3 MM
APPROVAL
DOCUMENT CONTROL NO.
21-0056
REV.
C
1
1
______________________________________________________________________________________
23
MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498
Package Information (continued)
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information,
go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
Package Information (continued)
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information,
go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
D1
N
DIM
A
A1
A2
A3
B
B1
C
D1
E
E1
e
eA
eB
L
1
TOP VIEW
E
D
E1
A3
A1
A
A2
e
MILLIMETERS
MAX
MIN
5.08
0.39
3.18
4.45
2.03
1.40
0.51
0.41
1.65
1.14
0.21
0.30
0.13
0.22
15.24
15.87
13.34
14.61
2.54 BSC
15.24 BSC
3.05
17.78
3.81
VARIATIONS:
INCHES
0∞-15∞
L
INCHES
MAX
MIN
0.200
0.015
0.125
0.175
0.080
0.055
0.020
0.016
0.065
0.045
0.012
0.008
0.009
0.005
0.625
0.600
0.525
0.575
0.100 BSC
0.600 BSC
0.700
0.120
0.150
PDIPW.EPS
MAX1447/MAX1496/MAX1498
3.5- and 4.5-Digit, Single-Chip ADCs
with LED Drivers
C
B1
B
eA
eB
FRONT VIEW
MILLIMETERS
DIM
D
MIN
1.230
MAX
1.270
MIN
31.24
MAX
32.26
N MS011
24 AA
D
D
1.430
2.025
1.470
2.075
36.32
51.44
37.34
52.71
28
40
AB
AC
SIDE VIEW
PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
TITLE:
PACKAGE OUTLINE, .600" PDIP
APPROVAL
DOCUMENT CONTROL NO.
21-0044
REV.
B
1
1
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
24 ____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600
© 2004 Maxim Integrated Products
Printed USA
is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.