19-1797; Rev 2; 10/08 SC70, Low-Power, General-Purpose, Dual-Supply, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps The MAX4493/MAX4494/MAX4495 single/dual/quad general-purpose operational amplifiers are designed for use in systems powered with dual supplies from ±2.25V to ±5.5V or with a single supply of +4.5V to +11V. These op amps provide a unity-gain bandwidth of 5MHz with only 770µA of quiescent current per amplifier. The wide input common-mode range extends from 200mV beyond the negative rail to within 1.5V of the positive supply rail while the output swings within 10mV (RL = 100kΩ) of either rail. These amplifiers have excellent (110dB) open-loop gain with very low THD+N of 0.002% (f = 1kHz). The single MAX4493 is available in a tiny 5-pin SC70 package and the dual MAX4494 is available in the spacesaving 8-pin SOT23. The quad MAX4495 is available in both 14-pin TSSOP and 14-pin SO packages. All products are rated at the automotive temperature range of -40°C to +125°C. ________________________Applications Features ♦ 770µA Supply Current per Amplifier ♦ Operates from Dual ±2.25V to ±5.5V Supplies ♦ 5MHz Gain-Bandwidth Product ♦ Rail-to-Rail Output Swing ♦ Input Voltage Range Extends 200mV Below the Negative Rail ♦ 110dB Open-Loop Gain (RL = 100kΩ) ♦ Low THD+N of 0.002% (f = 1kHz) ♦ No Phase Reversal for Overdriven Inputs ♦ Unity-Gain Stable ♦ Available in Space-Saving Packages 5-Pin SC70 (MAX4493) 8-Pin SOT23 (MAX4494) 14-Pin TSSOP (MAX4495) Battery-Powered Systems Ordering Information DAC Output Amplifiers PART TEMP RANGE Voltage Reference Generators MAX4493AXK-T -40°C to +125°C 5 SC70 Signal Conditioning MAX4493AUK-T -40°C to +125°C 5 SOT23 ADPG MAX4494AKA-T -40°C to +125°C 8 SOT23 AAEM MAX4494AUA -40°C to +125°C 8 µMAX — MAX4494ASA -40°C to +125°C 8 SO — MAX4495AUD -40°C to +125°C 14 TSSOP — MAX4495ASD -40°C to +125°C 14 SO — Industrial Control Systems Typical Operating Characteristic TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. FREQUENCY MAX4493-08 0.008 0.007 PINPACKAGE TOP MARK ABR Pin Configurations THD + N (%) 0.006 0.005 TOP VIEW 0.004 IN+ 0.003 1 MAX4493 5 VCC 0.002 VEE 2 0.001 0 1 10 1k 100 FREQUENCY (Hz) 10k 100k IN- 3 4 OUT SC70/SOT23-5 Typical Operating Circuit appears at end of data sheet. Pin Configurations continued at end of data sheet. ________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com. 1 MAX4493/MAX4494/MAX4495 General Description MAX4493/MAX4494/MAX4495 SC70, Low-Power, General-Purpose, Dual-Supply, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS 8-Pin SOT23 (derate 9.1mW/°C above +70°C)..........727mW 8-Pin µMAX (derate 4.5mW/°C above +70°C) ...........362mW 8-Pin SO (derate 5.9mW/°C above +70°C)................471mW 14-Pin TSSOP (derate 9.1mW/°C above +70°C) .......727mW 14-Pin SO (derate 8.3mW/°C above +70°C)..............667mW Operating Temperature Range .........................-40°C to +125°C Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +150°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300°C Supply Voltage (VCC to VEE)................................................+12V Voltage from Any Pin to Ground or Any Other Pin .............................(VEE - 0.3V) to (VCC + 0.3V) Output Short-Circuit Duration to VCC, VEE, or Ground ............................................Continuous Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C) 5-Pin SC70 (derate 3.1mW/°C above +70°C) ............247mW 5-Pin SOT23 (derate 7.1mW/°C above +70°C)..........571mW Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = +5V, VEE = -5V, RL = 100kΩ to ground, TA = -40°C to +125°C. Typical values are at TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1) PARAMETER SYMBOL Operating Supply Voltage Range VS Quiescent Supply Current per Amplifier IS Input Offset Voltage Input Offset Voltage Drift VOS Input Offset Current Guaranteed by PSRR test MIN TYP ±2.25 770 TA = +25°C 0.3 TA = TMIN to TMAX MAX UNITS ±5.5 V 1100 µA 5 10 TCVOS Input Offset Voltage Channel Matching Input Bias Current CONDITIONS MAX4494 and MAX4495 mV 3 µV/°C 1 mV IB 0.2 1 IOS 5 300 µA nA Differential mode (-1V ≤ VIN ≤ +1V) 250 kΩ 110 MΩ Input Resistance RIN Common mode (VEE - 0.2V ≤ VCM ≤ VCC 1.5V) Common-Mode Input Voltage Range VCM Guaranteed by CMRR test VEE 0.2V VCC 1.5V V Common-Mode Rejection Ratio CMRR VEE - 0.2V ≤ VCM ≤ VCC - 1.5V 65 90 dB Power-Supply Rejection Ratio PSRR VS = ±2.25V to ±5.5V 65 80 dB Large-Signal Voltage Gain AVOL RL = 100kΩ, VEE + 0.25V ≤ VOUT ≤ VCC 0.25V 85 110 RL = 1kΩ, VEE + 0.5V ≤ VOUT ≤ VCC - 0.5V 65 90 Output Voltage Swing Output Short-Circuit Current VOUT ISC dB RL = 100kΩ, VCC - VOH and VOL - VEE 10 150 RL = 1kΩ, VCC - VOH and VOL - VEE 200 450 Sourcing or sinking 15 mV mA Note 1: All devices are 100% production tested at TA = +25°C. Limits over the operating temperature range are guaranteed by design and not production tested. 2 _______________________________________________________________________________________ SC70, Low-Power, General-Purpose, Dual-Supply, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps (VCC = +5V, VEE = -5V, RL = 100kΩ to ground, CL = 15pF, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS Gain-Bandwidth Product GBWP Full-Power Bandwidth FPBW VOUT = 5Vp-p SR VOUT = 5Vp-p Slew Rate MIN TYP MAX UNITS 5 MHz 190 kHz 3 V/µs Phase Margin 75 degrees Gain Margin 15 dB 0.002 % 4 µs Total Harmonic Distortion Plus Noise Settling Time to 0.01% THD+N f = 1kHz, VOUT = 5Vp-p, AV = +1V/V tS AV = +1V/V, VOUT = 5V step Input Capacitance CIN 2 pF Input Noise Voltage Density eIN f = 1kHz 8 nV/√Hz Input Noise Current Density iIN f = 1kHz 0.2 pA/√Hz All-Hostile Crosstalk f = 1kHz, MAX4494 and MAX4495 -100 dB Capacitive-Load Stability AV = +1V/V, no sustained oscillations 300 pF 3 µs Power-Up Time tON VOUT = 1V, 1µs power supply rise-time Typical Operating Characteristics (VCC = +5V, VEE = -5V, VCM = 0, RL = 100kΩ to ground, CL = 15pF, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE vs.TEMPERATURE 625 600 -50 VSUPPLY = ±2.5V 600 500 400 300 200 25 50 75 TEMPERATURE (°C) 100 125 275 250 225 200 175 150 125 100 0 0 MAX4493-03 MAX4493-02 700 100 -25 300 INPUT BIAS CURRENT (nA) VSUPPLY = ±5V INPUT BIAS CURRENT vs.TEMPERATURE 800 MAX4493-01 900 875 850 825 800 775 750 725 700 675 650 INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE (μV) SUPPLY CURRENT (μA) SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE -50 -25 0 25 75 50 TEMPERATURE (°C) 100 125 -50 -25 0 25 75 50 TEMPERATURE (°C) 100 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 125 3 MAX4493/MAX4494/MAX4495 AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VCC = +5V, VEE = -5V, VCM = 0, RL = 100kΩ to ground, CL = 15pF, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) VSUPPLY = ±5V 150 100 50 MAX4493-05 -60 -80 -100 -120 0 -2.5 0 2.5 10 100 INPUT VOLTAGE NOISE DENSITY vs. FREQUENCY 1k 100k 10k FREQUENCY (Hz) COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V) -90 1M 100 MAX4493-08 MAX4493-07 0.008 0.007 THD + N (%) 0.005 0.004 0.003 0.002 18 1k 10k 100k 1M FREQUENCY (Hz) 1k 100 FREQUENCY (Hz) OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING vs. TEMPERATURE (RL = 1kΩ) LARGE-SIGNAL GAIN vs. TEMPERATURE LARGE-SIGNAL GAIN (dB) 225 VCC - VOH 200 175 150 125 VOL - VEE 100 75 10k -25 0 25 50 75 TEMPERATURE (°C) 4 100 125 6 4 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 MAX4493-12 RL = 100kΩ VEE + 0.25V ≤ VOUT ≤ VCC - 0.25V 120 100 RL = 1kΩ VEE + 0.5V ≤ VOUT ≤ VCC - 0.5V 80 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 TEMPERATURE (°C) 60 50 40 AV = +1000V/V 30 40 -50 VCC - VOH 8 GAIN AND PHASE vs. FREQUENCY 25 0 10 100k 60 50 VOL - VEE 12 TEMPERATURE (°C) 140 MAX4493-10 275 250 14 0 10 1 GAIN (dB) 100 MAX4493-11 10 16 2 0 1 100k 20 0.001 1 10k OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING vs. TEMPERATURE (RL = 100kΩ) TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. FREQUENCY 10 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) 0.006 NOISE DENSITY (nV/√Hz) -80 -100 1 5.0 100 -70 OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING (mV) -5.0 -60 MAX4493-09 200 -40 -50 100 125 135 GAIN 90 45 20 10 0 0 -45 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 0.1k 270 225 180 -90 -135 PHASE -180 1k 10k 100k 1M FREQUENCY (Hz) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 10M -225 -270 100M PHASE (degrees) 250 -20 -40 POWER SUPPLY REJECTION (dB) 300 POWER-SUPPLY REJECTION vs. FREQENCY (VSUPPLY = ±2.5V to ±5.5V) 0 COMMON-MODE REJECTION (dB) VSUPPLY = ±2.5V 350 INPUT BIAS CURRENT (nA) MAX4493-04 400 COMMON-MODE REJECTION vs. FREQUENCY MAX4493-06 INPUT BIAS CURRENT vs. COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING (mV) MAX4493/MAX4494/MAX4495 SC70, Low-Power, General-Purpose, Dual-Supply, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps SC70, Low-Power, General-Purpose, Dual-Supply, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps LARGE-SIGNAL GAIN vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING (RL TO VCC, VCC = +5V, VEE = -5V) GAIN AND PHASE vs. FREQUENCY (CL = 300pF) 40 30 115 180 135 45 0 -10 -20 0 -30 -45 -90 -135 -40 -180 PHASE 10k 100k 1M RL = 10kΩ 100 RL = 1kΩ 95 90 85 -225 -270 100M 10M 105 80 8.8 LARGE-SIGNAL GAIN vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING (RL TO VCC, VCC = +2.25V, VEE = -2.25V) MAX4493-15 120 115 105 RL = 10kΩ 100 95 RL = 1kΩ 90 105 100 RL = 10kΩ 95 90 85 RL = 1kΩ 90 85 75 75 70 9.6 9.8 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 TOTAL OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING (VP-P) TOTAL OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING (VP-P) 4.4 MAX4494/MAX4495 CROSSTALK vs. FREQUENCY -20 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 TOTAL OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING (VP-P) 4.4 LARGE-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE MAX4493-18 0 RL = 1kΩ 70 3.4 10.0 RL = 10kΩ 95 80 9.4 10.0 100 85 9.2 9.8 RL = 100kΩ 105 80 9.0 9.6 110 80 8.8 9.4 115 LARGE-SIGNAL GAIN (dB) LARGE-SIGNAL GAIN (dB) 110 RL = 100kΩ 110 RL = 100kΩ CROSSTALK (dB) LARGE-SIGNAL GAIN (dB) 115 9.2 LARGE-SIGNAL GAIN vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING (RL TO VEE, VCC = +2.25V, VEE = -2.25V) MAX4493-16 LARGE-SIGNAL GAIN vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING (RL TO VEE, VCC = +5V, VEE = -5V) 120 9.0 TOTAL OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING (VP-P) FREQUENCY (Hz) MAX4493-17 1k 110 MAX4493-19 -50 -60 0.1k LARGE-SIGNAL GAIN (dB) 90 GAIN 10 RL = 100kΩ PHASE (degrees) 20 GAIN (dB) 120 270 225 AV = +1000V/V MAX4493-14 MAX4493-13 60 50 INPUT VOLTAGE (2V/div) -40 -60 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (2V/div) -80 -100 -120 10k 100k 1M 10M 10μs/div FREQUENCY (Hz) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 MAX4493/MAX4494/MAX4495 Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VCC = +5V, VEE = -5V, VCM = 0, RL = 100kΩ to ground, CL = 15pF, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VCC = +5V, VEE = -5V, VCM = 0, RL = 100kΩ to ground, CL =15pF, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) INPUT VOLTAGE (50mV/div) MAX4493-22 SMALL-SIGNAL CAPACITIVE-LOAD STABILITY (CL = 300pF) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (50mV/div) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (2V/div) INPUT VOLTAGE (2V/div) MAX4493-20 INPUT VOLTAGE (50mV/div) MAX4493-21 LARGE-SIGNAL CAPACITIVE-LOAD STABILITY (CL = 1200pF) SMALL-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE OUTPUT VOLTAGE (50mV/div) 10μs/div 200ns/div 200ns/div OUTPUT VOLTAGE (2V/div) INPUT VOLTAGE (2V/div) MAX4493-23 INPUT VOLTAGE (50mV/div) MAX4493-24 LARGE-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE (RISO = 15Ω, CL = 0.01μF) SMALL-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE (RISO = 15Ω, CL = 1000pF) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (50mV/div) 200ns/div 10μs/div POWER-UP TIME (VIN = +1V) STABILITY vs. CAPACITIVE AND RESISTIVE LOADS 10 VCC - VEE (4V/div) MAX4493-26 1000 MAX4493-25 900 800 700 0 CLOAD (pF) MAX4493/MAX4494/MAX4495 SC70, Low-Power, General-Purpose, Dual-Supply, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps 1V 600 500 400 300 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (500mV/div) STABLE REGION 200 0 100 0 10μs/div 1k 10k RLOAD (Ω) 6 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 100k SC70, Low-Power, General-Purpose, Dual-Supply, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps PIN NAME FUNCTION MAX4493 MAX4494 MAX4495 — 1 1 OUTA — 2 2 INA- Channel A Inverting Input — 3 3 INA+ Channel A Noninverting Input — 7 7 OUTB Channel B Output — 6 6 INB- Channel B Inverting Input — 5 5 INB+ Channel B Noninverting Input — — 8 OUTC Channel C Output — — 9 INC- Channel C Inverting Input — — 10 INC+ Channel C Noninverting Input — — 14 OUTD Channel D Output — — 13 IND- Channel D Inverting Input — — 12 IND+ Channel D Noninverting Input 4 — —- OUT Output 1 — — IN+ Noninverting Input 3 — — IN- Inverting Input 5 8 4 VCC Positive Supply 2 4 11 VEE Negative Supply Applications Information Rail-to-Rail Output Stage The MAX4493/MAX4494/MAX4495 output stage can drive up to 1kΩ and still swing within 200mV of the rails. Capacitive-Load Stability Driving large capacitive loads can cause instability in many op amps. The MAX4493/MAX4494/MAX4495 are Channel A Output stable with capacitive loads up to 300pF. The Capacitive-Load Stability graph in the Typical Operating Characteristics gives the stable operation region for capacitive versus resistive load. Stability with higher capacitive loads can be improved by adding an isolation resistor in series with the op-amp output, as shown in Figure 1. This resistor improves the circuit’s phase margin by isolating the load capacitor from the amplifier’s output. As seen in the Typical Operating Characteristics, driving capacitive loads with an isolation resistor exhibits some overshoot, but no oscillation. Full-Power Bandwidth The FPBW is given by: RISO OUTPUT MAX4493 INPUT CL FPBW(Hz) = [ SR π VOUTp−p(max) ] Figure 1. Capacitive Load Driving Circuit _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 MAX4493/MAX4494/MAX4495 Pin Description where the slew rate (SR) is 3V/µs. Figure 2 shows the full-power bandwidth as a function of the peak-to-peak AC output voltage. BANDWIDTH vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING 100M Power-Up Conditions The MAX4493/MAX4494/MAX4495 typically settle within 3µs after power-up. See Power-Up Time in Typical Operating Characteristics. Power Supplies and Layout The MAX4493/MAX4494/MAX4495 operate with dual supplies from ±2.25V to ±5.5V. Bypass both VCC and VEE with their own 0.1µF capacitor to ground. Good layout technique helps optimize performance by decreasing the amount of stray capacitance at the op amp’s inputs and outputs. To decrease stray capacitance, minimize trace lengths by placing external components close to the op amp’s pins. BANDWIDTH (Hz) MAX4493/MAX4494/MAX4495 SC70, Low-Power, General-Purpose, Dual-Supply, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps AV = +1V/V 10M 1M 100k 0 1 2 3 5 4 VOUT (Vp-p) Figure 2. Bandwidth vs. Peak-to-Peak AC Voltage Plot Pin Configurations (continued) TOP VIEW TOP VIEW OUTA 1 OUTA 1 8 VCC INA- 2 7 OUTB 3 6 INB- VEE 4 5 INB+ INA+ 2 13 IND- INA+ 3 12 IND+ VCC 4 MAX4494 14 OUTD INA- MAX4495 INB+ 5 11 VEE 10 INC+ INB- 6 9 INC- OUTB 7 8 OUTC SO/SOT23/μMAX SO/TSSOP Typical Operating Circuit MAX4493 TRANSISTOR COUNT: 81 Rf Rg MAX4494 TRANSISTOR COUNT: 159 MAX4495 TRANSISTOR COUNT: 318 PROCESS: Bipolar +5V +5V 0.1μF Chip Information 0.1μF RISO REF DAC VOUT MAX4493 0.1μF 0.1μF -5V 8 -5V _______________________________________________________________________________________ SC70, Low-Power, General-Purpose, Dual-Supply, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps PACKAGE TYPE PACKAGE CODE DOCUMENT NO. 14 TSSOP U14-1 21-0066 5 SOT23 U5-1 21-0057 5 SC70 X5-1 21-0076 8 SO S8-2 21-0041 8 SOT23 K8-5 21-0078 U8-1 21-0036 14 SO S14-1 21-0041 TSSOP4.40mm.EPS 8 µMAX _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 MAX4493/MAX4494/MAX4495 Package Information For the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. Package Information (continued) For the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. SOT-23 5L .EPS MAX4493/MAX4494/MAX4495 SC70, Low-Power, General-Purpose, Dual-Supply, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps 10 ______________________________________________________________________________________ SC70, Low-Power, General-Purpose, Dual-Supply, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps SC70, 5L.EPS PACKAGE OUTLINE, 5L SC70 21-0076 E 1 1 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11 MAX4493/MAX4494/MAX4495 Package Information (continued) For the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. Package Information (continued) For the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. DIM A A1 B C e E H L N E H INCHES MILLIMETERS MAX MIN 0.069 0.053 0.010 0.004 0.014 0.019 0.007 0.010 0.050 BSC 0.150 0.157 0.228 0.244 0.016 0.050 MAX MIN 1.35 1.75 0.10 0.25 0.35 0.49 0.19 0.25 1.27 BSC 3.80 4.00 5.80 6.20 0.40 SOICN .EPS MAX4493/MAX4494/MAX4495 SC70, Low-Power, General-Purpose, Dual-Supply, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps 1.27 VARIATIONS: 1 INCHES TOP VIEW DIM D D D MIN 0.189 0.337 0.386 MAX 0.197 0.344 0.394 MILLIMETERS MIN 4.80 8.55 9.80 MAX 5.00 8.75 10.00 N MS012 8 AA 14 AB 16 AC D A B e C 0 -8 A1 L FRONT VIEW SIDE VIEW PROPRIETARY INFORMATION TITLE: PACKAGE OUTLINE, .150" SOIC APPROVAL DOCUMENT CONTROL NO. 21-0041 12 ______________________________________________________________________________________ REV. B 1 1 SC70, Low-Power, General-Purpose, Dual-Supply, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps SOT23, 8L.EPS MARKING 0 0 PACKAGE OUTLINE, SOT-23, 8L BODY 21-0078 H 1 1 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 13 MAX4493/MAX4494/MAX4495 Package Information (continued) For the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. Package Information (continued) For the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. 8LUMAXD.EPS MAX4493/MAX4494/MAX4495 SC70, Low-Power, General-Purpose, Dual-Supply, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps α α 14 ______________________________________________________________________________________ SC70, Low-Power, General-Purpose, Dual-Supply, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps Revision History REVISION NUMBER REVISION DATE 2 10/08 DESCRIPTION Updated first paragraph of the General Description section PAGES CHANGED 1 Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 ____________________ 15 © 2008 Maxim Integrated Products is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.