19-4111; Rev 0; 5/08 KIT ATION EVALU E L B A AVAIL Dual, 2.2MHz, Automotive Buck or Boost Converter with 80V Load-Dump Protection The MAX5098A is a dual-output, high-switching-frequency DC-DC converter with integrated n-channel switches that can be used either in high-side or low-side configuration. Each output can be configured either as a buck converter or a boost converter. In the buck configuration, this device delivers up to 2A from converter 1 and 1A from converter 2. The MAX5098A also integrates a load-dump protection circuitry that is capable of handling load-dump transients up to 80V for automotive applications. The load-dump protection circuit utilizes an internal chargepump to drive the gate of an external n-channel MOSFET. When an overvoltage or load-dump condition occurs, the series protection MOSFET absorbs the high voltage transient to prevent damage to lower voltage components. The DC-DC converters operate over a wide operating voltage range from 4.5V to 19V. The MAX5098A operates 180° out-of-phase with an adjustable switching frequency to minimize external components while allowing the ability to make trade-offs between the size, efficiency, and cost. The high switching frequency (up to 2.2MHz) also allows this device to operate outside the AM band for automotive applications. This device utilizes voltage-mode control for stable operation and external compensation, thus the loop gain is tailored to optimize component selection and transient response. This device can be synchronized to an external clock fed at the SYNC input. Also, a clock output (CKO) allows a master-slave connection of two devices with a four-phase synchronized switching sequence. Additional features include internal digital soft-start, individual enable for each DC-DC regulator (EN1 and EN2), open-drain power-good outputs (PGOOD1 and PGOOD2), and a shutdown input (ON/OFF). Other features of the MAX5098A include overvoltage protection, short-circuit (hiccup current limit) and thermal protection. The MAX5098A is available in a thermally enhanced, exposed pad, 5mm x 5mm, 32-pin TQFN package and is fully specified over the automotive -40°C to +125°C temperature range. Applications Automotive AM/FM Radio Power Supply Automotive Instrument Cluster Display Features o Wide 4.5V to 5.5V or 5.2V to 19V Input Voltage Range (with Up to 80V Load-Dump Protection) o Dual-Output DC-DC Converter with Integrated Power MOSFETs o Each Output Configurable in Buck or Boost Mode o Adjustable Outputs from 0.8V to 0.85VIN Buck Configuration) and from VIN to 28V (Boost Configuration) o IOUT1 and IOUT2 of 2A and 1A (Respectively) in Buck Configuration o Switching Frequency Programmable from 200kHz to 2.2MHz o Synchronization Input (SYNC) o Clock Output (CKO) for Four-Phase Master-Slave Operation o Individual Converter Enable Input and PowerGood Output o Low-IQ (7µA) Standby Current (ON/OFF) o Internal Digital Soft-Start and Soft-Stop o Short-Circuit Protection on Outputs and Maximum Duty-Cycle Limit o Overvoltage Protection on Outputs with Auto Restart o Thermal Shutdown o Thermally Enhanced 32-Pin TQFN Package Dissipates up to 2.7W at +70°C Ordering Information PART TEMP RANGE MAX5098AATJ+ -40°C to +125°C PIN-PACKAGE 32 TQFN-EP* +Denotes a lead-free package. *EP = Exposed pad. Pin Configuration appears at end of data sheet ________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com. 1 MAX5098A General Description MAX5098A Dual, 2.2MHz, Automotive Buck or Boost Converter with 80V Load-Dump Protection ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS V+ to SGND............................................................-0.3V to +25V V+ to IN_HIGH...........................................................-19V to +6V IN_HIGH to SGND ..................................................-0.3V to +19V IN_HIGH Maximum Input Current .......................................60mA BYPASS to SGND..................................................-0.3V to +2.5V GATE to V+.............................................................-0.3V to +12V GATE to SGND .......................................................-0.3V to +36V SGND to PGND_ ...................................................-0.3V to +0.3V VL to SGND ..................-0.3V to the Lower of +6V or (V+ + 0.3V) VDRV to SGND .........................................................-0.3V to +6V BST1/VDD1, BST2/VDD2, DRAIN_, PGOOD_ to SGND ..............................................-0.3V to +30V ON/OFF to SGND ...............................-0.3V to (IN_HIGH + 0.3V) BST1/VDD1 to SOURCE1, BST2/VDD2 to SOURCE2......................................-0.3V to +6V SOURCE_ to SGND................................................-0.6V to +25V SOURCE_ to PGND_.................................................-1V for 50ns EN_ to SGND............................................................-0.3V to +6V OSC, FSEL_1, COMP_, SYNC, FB_ to SGND..............................................-0.3V to (VL + 0.3V) CKO to SGND..........................................-0.3V to (VDRV + 0.3V) SOURCE1, DRAIN1 Peak Current ..............................5A for 1ms SOURCE2, DRAIN2 Peak Current ..............................3A for 1ms VL, BYPASS to SGND Short Circuit ................... Continuous, Internally Limited Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C) 32-Pin TQFN-EP (derate 34.5mW/°C above +70°C)..2759mW Package Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance (θJA) (Note 1).............................29.0°C/W Package Junction-to-Case Thermal Resistance (θJC) (Note 1) ..............................1.7°C/W Operating Temperature Range .........................-40°C to +125°C Storage Temperature Range ............................-65°C to +150°C Junction Temperature ......................................................+150°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) ................................+300°C Note 1: Package thermal resistances were obtained using the method described in JEDEC specifications. For detailed information on package thermal considerations, refer to www.maxim-ic.com/thermal-tutorial. Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VDRV = VL, V+ = VL = IN_HIGH = 5.2V or V+ = IN_HIGH = 5.2V to 19V, EN_ = VL, SYNC = GND, IVL = 0mA, PGND_ = SGND, CBYPASS = 0.22µF (low ESR), CVL = 4.7µF (ceramic), CV+ = 1µF (low ESR), CIN_HIGH = 1µF (ceramic), RIN_HIGH = 3.9kΩ, ROSC = 10kΩ, TJ = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 2) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS Input Voltage Range V+ V+ Operating Supply Current IQ V+ Standby Supply Current Efficiency IV+STBY η V+ = IN_HIGH 5.2 19 VL = V+ = IN_HIGH (Note 3) 4.5 5.5 VL unloaded, no switching 4.2 VEN_ = 0V, PGOOD_ unconnected, V+ = VIN_HIGH = 14V 0.75 (VOUT1 = 5V at 1.5A, VOUT2 = 3.3V at 0.75A, fSW = 1.85MHz V+ = VL = 5.2V V mA 1.1 mA 78 V+ = 12V 76 V+ = 16V 70 % OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTOR IN_HIGH Clamp Voltage IN_HIGH IN_HIGH Clamp Load Regulation IN_HIGH Supply Current IIN_HIGH IN_HIGH Standby Supply Current IIN_HIGHSTBY V+ to IN_HIGH Overvoltage Clamp 2 VOV ISINK = 10mA 19 20 21 V 1mA < ISINK < 50mA 160 VEN_ = VPGOOD_ = VGATE = 0V, VIN_HIGH = VON/OFF = 14V 270 600 µA 7 9 µA 1.85 2.5 V VON/OFF = 0V, PGOOD_ = V+ = unconnected, VIN_HIGH = 14V, TA = -40°C to +85°C VOV = V+ - VIN_HIGH, IGATE = 0mA (sinking) 1.2 _______________________________________________________________________________________ mV Dual, 2.2MHz, Automotive Buck or Boost Converter with 80V Load-Dump Protection (VDRV = VL, V+ = VL = IN_HIGH = 5.2V or V+ = IN_HIGH = 5.2V to 19V, EN_ = VL, SYNC = GND, IVL = 0mA, PGND_ = SGND, CBYPASS = 0.22µF (low ESR), CVL = 4.7µF (ceramic), CV+ = 1µF (low ESR), CIN_HIGH = 1µF (ceramic), RIN_HIGH = 3.9kΩ, ROSC = 10kΩ, TJ = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 2) PARAMETER SYMBOL IN_HIGH Startup Voltage IN_HIGH UVLO GATE Charge Current IGATE_CH GATE Output Voltage GATE Turn-Off Pulldown Current VGATE VIN_HIGH IGATE_PD CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX Rising, ON/OFF = IN_HIGH, GATE rising 3.6 4.1 Falling, ON/OFF = IN_HIGH, GATE falling 3.45 VIN_HIGH = VON/OFF = 14V, VGATE = V+ = 0V 20 45 80 V+ = VIN_HIGH = VON/OFF = 4.5V, IGATE = 1µA, sourcing 4.0 5.3 7.5 UNITS V µA V V+ = VIN_HIGH = VON/OFF = 14V, IGATE = 1µA, sourcing 9 VIN_HIGH = 14V, VON/OFF = 0V, V+ = 0V, VGATE = 5V, sinking 3.6 mA STARTUP/VL REGULATOR VL Undervoltage Lockout Trip Level UVLO VL falling 3.9 VL Undervoltage Lockout Hysteresis VL Output Voltage VL LDO Dropout Voltage 4.3 180 VL VL LDO Short-Circuit Current 4.1 IVL_SHORT VLDO ISOURCE_ = 0 to 40mA, 5.5V ≤ V+ ≤ 19V 5.0 5.2 V mV 5.5 V V+ = VIN_HIGH = 5.2V 130 mA ISOURCE_ = 40mA, V+ = VIN_HIGH = 4.5V 300 550 2.00 2.02 V 2 5 mV mV BYPASS OUTPUT BYPASS Voltage VBYPASS IBYPASS = 0µA BYPASS Load Regulation ΔVBYPASS 0 < IBYPASS < 100µA (sourcing) 1.98 SOFT-START/SOFT-STOP Digital Ramp Period SoftStart/Soft-Stop Internal 6-bit DAC Soft-Start/Soft-Stop 2048 fSW Clock Cycles 64 Steps VOLTAGE-ERROR AMPLIFIER FB_ Input Bias Current IFB_ FB_ Input Voltage Set Point VFB_ FB_ to COMP_ Transconductance 250 -40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C 0.783 -40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C 0.785 gM 1.4 0.8 0.809 0.814 2.4 3.4 nA V mS INTERNAL MOSFETS On-Resistance High-Side MOSFET Converter 1 RON1 ISWITCH = 100mA, BST1/VDD1 to VSOURCE1 = 5.2V 195 ISWITCH = 100mA, BST1/VDD1 to VSOURCE1 = 4.5V 208 mΩ 355 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 MAX5098A ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) MAX5098A Dual, 2.2MHz, Automotive Buck or Boost Converter with 80V Load-Dump Protection ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (VDRV = VL, V+ = VL = IN_HIGH = 5.2V or V+ = IN_HIGH = 5.2V to 19V, EN_ = VL, SYNC = GND, IVL = 0mA, PGND_ = SGND, CBYPASS = 0.22µF (low ESR), CVL = 4.7µF (ceramic), CV+ = 1µF (low ESR), CIN_HIGH = 1µF (ceramic), RIN_HIGH = 3.9kΩ, ROSC = 10kΩ, TJ = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 2) PARAMETER On-Resistance High-Side MOSFET Converter 2 SYMBOL RON2 CONDITIONS MIN TYP ISWITCH = 100mA, BST2/VDD2 to VSOURCE2 = 5.2V 280 ISWITCH = 100mA, BST2/VDD2 to VSOURCE2 = 4.5V 300 MAX UNITS mΩ 520 Minimum Converter 1 Output Current IOUT1 VOUT1 = 5V, V+ = 12V (Note 4) 2 A Minimum Converter 2 Output Current IOUT2 VOUT2 = 3.3V, V+ = 12V (Note 4) 1 A Converter 1/Converter 2 MOSFET DRAIN_ Leakage Current ILK12 VEN1 = VEN2 = 0V, VDRAIN_ = 19V, VSOURCE_ = 0V Internal Weak Low-Side Switch On-Resistance RONLSSW_ 20 ILSSW = 30mA µA Ω 22 INTERNAL SWITCH CURRENT LIMIT Internal Switch Current-Limit Converter 1 ICL1 V+ = VIN_HIGH = 5.2V, VL = VDRV = VBST_/VDD_ = 5.2V 2.8 3.45 4.3 A Internal Switch Current-Limit Converter 2 ICL2 V+ = VIN_HIGH = 5.2V, VL = VDRV = VBST_/VDD_ = 5.2V 1.75 2.1 2.6 A 82 90 SWITCHING FREQUENCY PWM Maximum Duty Cycle DMAX Switching Frequency Range fSW Switching Frequency fSW Switching Frequency Accuracy SYNC Frequency Range fSYNC SYNC = SGND, fSW = 1.25MHz 200 ROSC = 6.81kΩ, each converter (FSEL_1 = VL) 1.7 1.9 5.6kΩ < ROSC < 10kΩ, 1% 5 10kΩ < ROSC < 62.5kΩ, 1% 7 SYNC input frequency is twice the individual converter frequency, FSEL_1 = VL (see the Setting the Switching Frequency section) 400 95 % 2200 kHz 2.1 MHz % 4400 SYNC High Threshold VSYNCH SYNC Low Threshold VSYNCL 0.8 V SYNC Input Leakage ISYNC_LEAK 2 µA SYNC Input Minimum Pulse Width tSYNCIN Clock Output Phase Delay CKOPHASE SYNC to Source 1 Phase Delay SYNCPHASE 2 kHz 100 ns ROSC = 62.5kΩ, with respect to converter 2/SOURCE2 waveform 40 Degrees ROSC = 62.5kΩ 90 Degrees Clock Output High Level VCKOH VL = 5.2V, sourcing 5mA Clock Output Low Level VCKOL VL = 5.2V, sinking 5mA 4 V 3.6 _______________________________________________________________________________________ V 0.6 V Dual, 2.2MHz, Automotive Buck or Boost Converter with 80V Load-Dump Protection (VDRV = VL, V+ = VL = IN_HIGH = 5.2V or V+ = IN_HIGH = 5.2V to 19V, EN_ = VL, SYNC = GND, IVL = 0mA, PGND_ = SGND, CBYPASS = 0.22µF (low ESR), CVL = 4.7µF (ceramic), CV+ = 1µF (low ESR), CIN_HIGH = 1µF (ceramic), RIN_HIGH = 3.9kΩ, ROSC = 10kΩ, TJ = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 2) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS FSEL_1 FSEL_1 Input High Threshold VIH FSEL_1 Input Low Threshold VIL 0.8 V IFSEL_1_LEAK 2 µA FSEL_1 Input Leakage 2 V ON/OFF ON/OFF Input High Threshold VIH ON/OFF Input Low Threshold VIL ON/OFF Input Leakage Current ION/OFF_LEAK 2 VON/OFF = 5V V 0.8 V 0.26 2.00 µA 2.0 2.1 EN_ INPUTS EN_ Input High Threshold VIH EN_ Input Hysteresis VEN_HYS EN_ Input Leakage Current IEN_LEAK EN_ rising 1.9 0.5 -1 V V +1 µA POWER-GOOD OUTPUT (PGOOD1, PGOOD2) PGOOD_ Threshold VTPGOOD_ Falling PGOOD_ Output Voltage VPGOOD_ ISINK = 3mA PGOOD_ Output Leakage Current ILKPGOOD_ 90 92.5 V+ = VL = VIN_HIGH = VEN_ = 5.2V, VPGOOD_ = 23V, VFB_ = 1V 95 % VFB_ 0.4 V 2 µA 121 % VFB_ OUTPUT OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION FB_ OVP Threshold Rising VOVP_R FB_ OVP Threshold Falling VOVP_F 107 114 12.5 V THERMAL PROTECTION Thermal Shutdown TSHDN Thermal Hysteresis THYST Rising +165 °C 20 °C Note 2: 100% tested at TA = +25°C and TA = +125°C. Specifications at TA = -40°C are guaranteed by design and not production tested. Note 3: Operating supply range (V+) is guaranteed by VL line regulation test. Connect V+ to IN_HIGH and VL for 5V operation. Note 4: Output current is limited by the power dissipation of the package; see the Power Dissipation section in the Applications Information section. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 MAX5098A ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) Typical Operating Characteristics (See the Typical Application Circuit, unless otherwise noted. V+ = VIN_HIGH = 14V, unless otherwise noted. V+ = VIN_HIGH means that N1 is shorted externally.) OUTPUT2 EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT 60 50 VIN = 16V VIN = 14V VIN = 8V 20 70 60 50 VOUT = 5V fSW = 1.85MHz 0 MAX5098A toc03 VIN = 16V VIN = 8V 50 40 30 20 VOUT = 3.3V fSW = 1.85MHz VOUT = 5V fSW = 300kHz L1 = 18μH 10 0 0 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 OUTPUT2 EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT OUTPUT1 VOLTAGE vs. LOAD CURRENT OUTPUT2 VOLTAGE vs. LOAD CURRENT OUTPUT1 VOLTAGE (V) VIN = 16V 60 VIN = 14V 50 VIN = 8V 40 VIN = 5.5V 20 4.98 VOUT = 3.3V fSW = 300kHz L2 = 27μH VIN = 4.5V VIN = 14V VIN = 8V VIN = 16V 3.30 4.96 4.94 3.28 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 VIN = 16V 3.24 VOUT = 3.3V fSW = 1.85MHz VOUT = 5V fSW = 1.85MHz 3.20 4.90 0.4 VIN = 14V VIN = 5.5V 3.26 3.22 4.92 0 MAX5098A toc06 5.00 MAX5098A toc04 70 0.3 VIN = 14V 60 LOAD (A) 80 0.2 70 LOAD (A) 90 10 80 LOAD (A) 100 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 LOAD (A) LOAD (A) LOAD (A) VL OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. CONVERTER SWITCHING FREQUENCY EACH CONVERTER SWITCHING FREQUENCY vs. ROSC EACH CONVERTER SWITCHING FREQUENCY vs. TEMPERATURE 5.2 VIN = 8V VIN = 5.5V 5.0 VIN = 19V 4.8 VIN = 5V 4.6 4.4 VIN = 4.5V 4.2 4.0 200 700 BOTH CONVERTERS SWITCHING FSEL_1 = VL 1200 1700 CONVERTER SWITCHING FREQUENCY (kHz) 2200 10 SWITCHING FREQUENCY (MHz) MAX5098A toc07 5.4 FSEL_1 = VL, FSEL_1 = GND, CONVERTER 1, CONVERTER 2 1 10 FSEL_1 = VL SWITCHING FREQUENCY (MHz) OUTPUT2 EFFICIENCY (%) VIN = 4.5V 10 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 30 VIN = 14V VIN = 16V VIN = 5.5V 30 20 10 6 VIN = 8V 40 90 OUTPUT2 VOLTAGE (V) 30 80 100 MAX5098A toc05 40 90 1.85MHz 2.2MHz 1.0 MAX5098A toc09 70 MAX5098A toc02 80 100 MAX5098A toc08 OUTPUT1 EFFICIENCY (%) 90 OUTPUT2 EFFICIENCY (%) MAX5098A toc01 100 OUTPUT1 EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT OUTPUT1 EFFICIENCY (%) OUTPUT1 EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT VL OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) MAX5098A Dual, 2.2MHz, Automotive Buck or Boost Converter with 80V Load-Dump Protection 1 1.25MHz 0.6MHz 0.3MHz CONVERTER 1 0.1 0.1 0 20 40 ROSC (kΩ) 60 80 -40 -5 30 65 TEMPERATURE (°C) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 100 135 Dual, 2.2MHz, Automotive Buck or Boost Converter with 80V Load-Dump Protection CONVERTER 1 LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE LINE-TRANSIENT RESPONSE (BUCK CONVERTER) MAX5098A toc11 MAX5098A toc10 VIN 5V/div VOUT1 = 5.0V AC-COUPLED 200mV/div 0V VOUT1 = 5.0V/1.5A AC-COUPLED 200mV/div IOUT1 1A/div VOUT2 = 3.3V/0.75A AC-COUPLED 200mV/div 0A 100μs/div 1ms/div CONVERTER 2 LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE SOFT-START/SOFT-STOP FROM EN1 MAX5098A toc13 MAX5098A toc12 fSW = 1.85MHz EN1 5V/div 0V VOUT2 = 3.3V AC-COUPLED 200mV/div VOUT1 = 5V/2A 5V/div 0V PGOOD1 5V/div 0V IOUT2 500mA/div 0A 100μs/div 1ms/div SOFT-START FROM ON/OFF OUT-OF-PHASE OPERATION (FSEL_1 = VL) MAX5098A toc15 MAX5098A toc14 CKO 5V/div 0V ON/OFF 5V/div 0V VL = EN1 = EN2 5V/div GATE 10V/div V+ 10V/div 0V 0V SOURCE1 10V/div 0V SOURCE2 10V/div 0V VOUT1 = 5V/2A 5V/div 0V 2ms/div 200ns/div _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 MAX5098A Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (See the Typical Application Circuit, unless otherwise noted. V+ = VIN_HIGH = 14V, unless otherwise noted. V+ = VIN_HIGH means that N1 is shorted externally.) Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (See the Typical Application Circuit, unless otherwise noted. V+ = VIN_HIGH = 14V, unless otherwise noted. V+ = VIN_HIGH means that N1 is shorted externally.) OUT-OF-PHASE OPERATION (FSEL_1 = SGND) EXTERNAL SYNCHRONIZATION (FSEL_1 = VL) MAX5098A toc16 MAX5098A toc17 SYNC 5V/div 0V CKO 5V/div 0V CKO 5V/div 0V SOURCE1 10V/div 0V SOURCE1 10V/div 0V SOURCE2 10V/div 0V SOURCE2 10V/div 0V 200ns/div 200ns/div EXTERNAL SYNCHRONIZATION (FSEL_1 = SGND ) FOUR-PHASE OPERATION (FSEL_1 = VL ) MAX5098A toc18 MAX5098A toc19 SYNC 5V/div 0V CKO 5V/div 0V 0V SOURCE1 10V/div 0V 0V SOURCE2 10V/div 0V 0V MASTER CKO 5V/div MASTER SOURCE1 20V/div MASTER SOURCE2 20V/div SLAVE SOURCE1 20V/div 0V SLAVE SOURCE2 20V/div 0V 200ns/div 200ns/div OVP BEHAVIOR FB_ VOLTAGE vs. TEMPERATURE MAX5098A toc20 0V GATE 10V/div EXTERNAL OVERVOLTAGE REMOVED 0V VOUT2 10V/div VOUT1 10V/div PGOOD2 10V/div 0V 0V 0V MAX5098A toc21 0.825 V+ 10V/div VL = V+ = VIN_HIGH = 5.5V 0.820 0.815 FB_ VOLTAGE (V) MAX5098A Dual, 2.2MHz, Automotive Buck or Boost Converter with 80V Load-Dump Protection 0.810 0.805 0.800 0.795 0.790 0.785 1ms/div -40 -5 30 65 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) 8 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 135 Dual, 2.2MHz, Automotive Buck or Boost Converter with 80V Load-Dump Protection BYPASS VOLTAGE vs. TEMPERATURE 1.998 BYPASS VOLTAGE (V) 2.004 2.002 2.000 1.998 1.996 TA = +125°C TA = +135°C 0V SOURCE1 20V/div NO LOAD 0A ISOURCE1 500mA/div NO LOAD 1.996 TA = -40°C 1.994 TA = +25°C SOURCE2 20V/div 0V 1.992 1.994 ISOURCE2 1A/div 1.992 1.990 0A 1.990 -5 30 65 100 135 0 1μs/div 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) BYPASS CURRENT (μA) V+ STANDBY SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE V+ SWITCHING SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SWITCHING FREQUENCY V+ = IN_HIGH = ON/OFF 40 TA = +25°C TA = -40°C 30 20 TA = +135°C TA = +125°C TA = +85°C 10 4 V+ STANDBY SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) MAX5098A toc25 V+ SWITCHING SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 50 MAX5098A toc26 -40 V+ = IN_HIGH = ON/OFF EN1 = EN2 = SGND 3 fSW = 1.85MHz 2 1 fSW = 300kHz 0 0 680 1060 1440 1820 -50 2200 0 50 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) IN_HIGH SHUTDOWN CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE IN_HIGH STANDBY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE ON/OFF = SGND IN_HIGH = 16V 16 IN_HIGH = 14V 12 IN_HIGH = 8V 8 4 ON/OFF = IN_HIGH EN1 = EN2 = SGND 145 IN_HIGH STANDBY CURRENT (μA) 20 150 MAX5098A toc28 SWITCHING FREQUENCY (kHz) MAX5098A toc27 300 IN_HIGH SHUTDOWN CURRENT (μA) BYPASS VOLTAGE (V) 2.006 TA = +85°C MAX5098A toc23 VL = V+ = VIN_HIGH = 5.5V MAX5098A toc24 2.000 MAX5098A toc22 2.010 2.008 SOURCE1, SOURCE1 INDICATOR CURRENT, SOURCE2, SOURCE2 INDICATOR CURRENT BYPASS VOLTAGE vs. BYPASS CURRENT 135 IN_HIGH = 16V 125 115 IN_HIGH = 14V 105 IN_HIGH = 8V 95 85 75 0 -50 0 50 TEMPERATURE (°C) 100 150 -50 0 50 100 150 TEMPERATURE (°C) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 MAX5098A Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (See the Typical Application Circuit, unless otherwise noted. V+ = VIN_HIGH = 14V, unless otherwise noted. V+ = VIN_HIGH means that N1 is shorted externally.) Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (See the Typical Application Circuit, unless otherwise noted. V+ = VIN_HIGH = 14V, unless otherwise noted. V+ = VIN_HIGH means that N1 is shorted externally.) V+ TO IN_HIGH CLAMP VOLTAGE vs. GATE SINK CURRENT IN_HIGH CLAMP VOLTAGE (V) TA = +135°C TA = +125°C 20.2 TA = +85°C TA = +25°C 20.1 TA = -40°C 20.0 19.9 5 V+ TO IN_HIGH CLAMP VOLTAGE (V) MAX5098A toc29 20.3 MAX5098A toc30 IN_HIGH CLAMP VOLTAGE vs. CLAMP CURRENT TA = +135°C TA = +125°C 4 3 TA = +85°C 2 TA = +25°C TA = -40°C 1 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 2 4 6 8 CLAMP CURRENT (mA) GATE SINK CURRENT (mA) (VGATE - V) vs. VIN_HIGH SYSTEM TURN-ON FROM BATTERY 10 MAX5098A toc32 8 MAX5098A toc31 10 (VGATE - V) (V) MAX5098A Dual, 2.2MHz, Automotive Buck or Boost Converter with 80V Load-Dump Protection TA = +135°C VIN 10V/div IN_HIGH 10V/div GATE 10V/div 0V TA = +125°C 0V 6 TA = +85°C TA = +25°C 4 TA = -40°C 2 V+ 10V/div 0V 0V VL 10V/div 0V ON/OFF = IN_HIGH 0 5.0 8.5 12.0 15.5 19.0 10ms/div VIN_HIGH (V) SYSTEM LOAD-DUMP SYSTEM TURN-OFF FROM BATTERY MAX5098A toc34 MAX5098A toc33 VIN 10V/div 0V VIN 50V/div IN_HIGH 10V/div 0V IN_HIGH 10V/div 0V GATE 10V/div 0V GATE 10V/div V+ 10V/div VL 10V/div 0V 0V 0V 10ms/div 10 V+ 10V/div 0V VOUT1 AC-COUPLED 100mV/div 0V 0V 100ms/div ______________________________________________________________________________________ Dual, 2.2MHz, Automotive Buck or Boost Converter with 80V Load-Dump Protection PIN NAME FUNCTION 1, 32 SOURCE2 Converter 2 Internal MOSFET Source Connection. For buck converter operation, connect SOURCE2 to the switched side of the inductor. For boost operation, connect SOURCE2 to PGND_ (Figure 6). 2, 3 DRAIN2 Converter 2 Internal MOSFET Drain Connection. For buck converter operation, use the MOSFET as a highside switch and connect DRAIN2 to the DC-DC converters supply input rail. For boost converter operation, use the MOSFET as a low-side switch and connect DRAIN2 to the inductor and diode junction (Figure 6). 4 PGOOD2 Converter 2 Open-Drain Power-Good Output. PGOOD2 goes low when converter 2’s output falls below 92.5% of its set regulation voltage. Use PGOOD2 and EN1 to sequence the converters. Converter 2 starts first. 5 EN2 Converter 2 Active-High Enable Input. Connect to VL for always-on operation. 6 FB2 Converter 2 Feedback Input. Connect FB2 to a resistive divider between converter 2’s output and SGND to adjust the output voltage. To set the output voltage below 0.8V, connect FB2 to a resistive voltage-divider from BYPASS to regulator 2’s output (Figure 3). See the Setting the Output Voltage section. 7 COMP2 8 9 10 Converter 2 Internal Transconductance Amplifier Output. See the Compensation section. OSC Oscillator Frequency Set Input. Connect a resistor from OSC to SGND (ROSC) to set the switching frequency (see the Setting the Switching Frequency section). Set ROSC for an oscillator frequency equal to the SYNC input frequency when using external synchronization. ROSC is still required when an external clock is connected to the SYNC input. See the Synchronization (SYNC)/Clock Output (CKO) section. SYNC External Clock Synchronization Input. Connect SYNC to a 400kHz to 4400kHz clock to synchronize the switching frequency with the system clock. Each converter frequency is 1/2 of the frequency applied to SYNC (FSEL_1 = VL). For FSEL_1 = SGND, the switching frequency of converter 1 becomes 1/4 of the SYNC frequency. Connect SYNC to SGND when not used. GATE Gate Drive Output. Connect to the gate of the external n-channel load-dump protection MOSFET. GATE = IN_HIGH + 9V (typ) with IN_HIGH = 12V. GATE pulls to IN_HIGH by an internal n-channel MOSFET when V+ raises 2V above IN_HIGH. Leave gate unconnected if the load-dump protection is not used (MOSFET not installed). 11 ON/OFF n-Channel Switch Enable Input. Drive ON/OFF high for normal operation. Drive ON/OFF low to turn off the external n-channel load-dump protection MOSFET and reduce the supply current to 7µA (typ). When ON/OFF is driven low, both DC-DC converters are disabled and the PGOOD_ outputs are driven low. Connect to V+ if the external load-dump protection is not used (MOSFET not installed). 12 IN_HIGH Startup Input. IN_HIGH is protected by internally clamping to 21V (max). Connect a resistor (4kΩ max) from IN_HIGH to the drain of the protection switch. Bypass IN_HIGH with a 4.7µF electrolytic or 1µF minimum ceramic capacitor. Connect to V+ if the external load-dump protection is not used (MOSFET not installed). 13 V+ Input Supply Voltage. V+ can range from 5.2V to 19V. Connect V+, IN_HIGH, and VL together for 4.5V to 5.5V input operation. Bypass V+ to SGND with a 1µF minimum ceramic capacitor. 14 VL Internal Regulator Output. The VL regulator is used to supply the drive current at input VDRV. When driving VDRV, use an RC lowpass filter to decouple switching noise from VDRV to the VL regulator (see the Typical Application Circuit). Bypass VL to SGND with a 4.7µF minimum ceramic capacitor. 15 SGND Signal Ground. Connect SGND to exposed pad and to the board signal ground plane. Connect the board signal ground and power ground planes together at a single point. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11 MAX5098A Pin Description Dual, 2.2MHz, Automotive Buck or Boost Converter with 80V Load-Dump Protection MAX5098A Pin Description (continued) PIN NAME FUNCTION 16 BYPASS Reference Output Bypass Connection. Bypass to SGND with a 0.22µF or greater ceramic capacitor. 17 FSEL_1 Converter 1 Frequency Select Input. Connect FSEL_1 to VL for normal operation. Connect FSEL_1 to SGND to reduce converter 1’s switching frequency to 1/2 of converter 2’s switching frequency (converter 1 switching frequency is 1/4 the CKO frequency). Do not leave FSEL_1 unconnected. 18 COMP1 Converter 1 Internal Transconductance Amplifier Output. See the Compensation section. 19 FB1 Converter 1 Feedback Input. Connect FB1 to a resistive divider between converter 1’s output and SGND to adjust the output voltage. To set the output voltage below 0.8V, connect FB1 to a resistive voltage-divider from BYPASS to regulator 1’s output (Figure 3). See the Setting the Output Voltage section. 20 EN1 Converter 1 Active-High Enable Input. Connect to VL for an always-on operation. 21 PGOOD1 Converter 1 Open-Drain Power-Good Output. PGOOD1 output goes low when converter 1’s output falls below 92.5% of its set regulation voltage. Use PGOOD1 and EN2 to sequence the converters. Converter 1 starts first. 22, 23 DRAIN1 Converter 1 Internal MOSFET Drain Connection. For buck converter operation, use the MOSFET as a highside switch and connect DRAIN1 to the DC-DC converters supply input rail. For boost converter operation, use the MOSFET as a low-side switch and connect DRAIN1 to the inductor and diode junction (Figure 6). 24, 25 SOURCE1 Converter 1 Internal MOSFET Source Connection. For buck operation, connect SOURCE1 to the switched side of the inductor. For boost operation, connect SOURCE1 to PGND_ (Figure 6). 26 Converter 1 Bootstrap Flying-Capacitor Connection. For buck converter operation, connect BST1/VDD1 to a 0.1µF ceramic capacitor and diode according to the Typical Application Circuit. For boost converter BST1/VDD1 operation, driver bypass capacitor connection. Connect to VDRV and bypass with a 0.1µF ceramic capacitor to PGND_ (Figure 6). 27 VDRV Low-Side Driver Supply Input. Connect VDRV to VL through an RC filter to bypass switching noise to the internal VL regulator. For buck converter operation, connect anode terminals of external bootstrap diodes to VDRV. For boost converter operation, connect VDRV to BST1/VDD1 and BST2/VDD2. Bypass with a minimum 2.2µF ceramic capacitor to PGND_ (see the Typical Application Circuit). Do not connect to an external supply. 28 CKO Clock Output. CKO is an output with twice the frequency of each converter (FSEL_1 = VL) and 90° out-ofphase with respect to converter 1. Connect CKO to the SYNC input of another MAX5098A for a four-phase converter. 29, 30 PGND1, PGND2 31 — 12 Power Ground. Connect both PGND1 and PGND2 together and to the board power ground plane. Converter 2 Bootstrap Flying-Capacitor Connection. For buck converter operation, connect BST2/VDD2 to a 0.1µF ceramic capacitor and diode according to the Typical Application Circuit. For boost converter BST2/VDD2 operation, driver bypass capacitor connection. Connect to VDRV and bypass with a 0.1µF ceramic capacitor from BST2/VDD2 to PGND_ (Figure 6). EP Exposed Pad. Connect EP to SGND. For enhanced thermal dissipation, connect EP to a copper area as large as possible. Do not use EP as the sole ground connection. ______________________________________________________________________________________ Dual, 2.2MHz, Automotive Buck or Boost Converter with 80V Load-Dump Protection V+ MAX5098A 1.8V IN_HIGH GATE CHARGE PUMP ON/OFF 20V SHUNT REGULATOR OVERVOLTAGE STARTUP CIRCUIT/ PROTECTION CIRCUIT/ CHARGE PUMP CONVERTER 1 VL MAXIMUM DUTY-CYCLE CONTROL CKO1 VL LDO BST1/VDD1 CURRENT LIMIT OSCILLATOR DRAIN1 FREQUENCY CONTROL BYPASS R S FSEL_1 FREQUENCY DIVIDER PWM COMPARATOR SOURCE1 Q fSW/4 PGOOD1 Q TRANSCONDUCTANCE ERROR AMPLIFIER PGND_ 0.8V EN1 DIGITAL SOFT-START FB1 COMP1 0.2V 0.74V SGND SYNC OSC MAIN OSCILLATOR OVERVOLTAGE 0.9V VDRV VL PGOOD2 DRAIN2 CKO CKO2 CONVERTER 2 EN2 BST2/VDD2 SOURCE2 FB2 COMP2 PGND_ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 13 MAX5098A Functional Diagram MAX5098A Dual, 2.2MHz, Automotive Buck or Boost Converter with 80V Load-Dump Protection Detailed Description PWM Controller The MAX5098A dual DC-DC converter uses a pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) voltage-mode control scheme. On each converter the device includes one integrated n-channel MOSFET switch and requires an external low-forward-drop Schottky diode for output rectification. The controller generates the clock signal by dividing down the internal oscillator (fCKO) or the SYNC input when driven by an external clock, therefore each controller’s switching frequency equals half the oscillator frequency (fSW = fCKO/2) or half of the SYNC input frequency (fSW = fSYNC/2). An internal transconductance error amplifier produces an integrated error voltage at COMP_, providing high DC accuracy. The voltage at COMP_ sets the duty cycle using a PWM comparator and a ramp generator. At each rising edge of the clock, converter 1’s MOSFET switch turns on and remains on until either the appropriate or maximum duty cycle is reached, or the maximum current limit for the switch is reached. Converter 2 operates 180° outof-phase, so its MOSFET switch turns on at each falling edge of the clock. In the case of buck operation (see the Typical Application Circuit), the internal MOSFET is used in high-side configuration. During each MOSFET’s ontime, the associated inductor current ramps up. During the second half of the switching cycle, the high-side MOSFET turns off and forward biases the Schottky rectifier. During this time, the SOURCE_ voltage is clamped to a diode drop (VD) below ground. A low forward voltage drop (0.4V) Schottky diode must be used to ensure the SOURCE_ voltage does not go below -0.6V abs max. The inductor releases the stored energy as its current ramps down, and provides current to the output. The bootstrap capacitor is also recharged when the SOURCE_ voltage goes low during the high-side MOSFET off-time. The maximum duty-cycle limit ensures proper bootstrap charging at startup or low input voltages. The circuit goes in discontinuous conduction mode operation at light load, when the inductor current completely discharges before the next cycle commences. Under overload conditions, when the inductor current exceeds the peak current limit of the respective switch, the high-side MOSFET turns off quickly and waits until the next clock cycle. In the case of boost operation, the MOSFET is a lowside switch (Figure 6). During each on-time, the inductor current ramps up. During the second half of the switching cycle, the low-side switch turns off and for- 14 ward biases the Schottky diode. During this time, the DRAIN_ voltage is clamped to a diode drop (VD) above VOUT_ and the inductor provides energy to the output as well as replenishes the output capacitor charge. Load-Dump Protection Most automotive applications are powered by a multicell, 12V lead-acid battery with a voltage from 9V to 16V (depending on load current, charging status, temperature, battery age, etc.). The battery voltage is distributed throughout the automobile and is locally regulated down to voltages required by the different system modules. Load dump occurs when the alternator is charging the battery and the battery becomes disconnected. Power in the alternator inductance flows into the distributed power system and elevates the voltage seen at each module. The voltage spikes have rise times typically greater than 5ms and decays within several hundred milliseconds but can extend out to 1s or more depending on the characteristics of the charging system. These transients are capable of destroying sensitive electronic equipment on the first fault event. During load dump, the MAX5098A provides the ability to clamp the input-voltage rail of the internal DC-DC converters to a safe level, while preventing power discontinuity at the DC-DC converters’ outputs. The load-dump protection circuit utilizes an internal charge pump to drive the gate of an external n-channel MOSFET. This series protection MOSFET absorbs the load-dump overvoltage transient and operates in saturation over the normal battery range to minimize power dissipation. During load dump, the gate voltage of the protection MOSFET is regulated to prevent the source terminal from exceeding 19V. The DC-DC converters are powered from the source terminal of the load-dump protection MOSFET, so that their input voltage is limited during load-dump and can operate normally. ON/OFF The MAX5098A provides an input (ON/OFF) to turn on and off the external load-dump protection MOSFET. Drive ON/OFF high for normal operation. Drive ON/OFF low to turn off the external n-channel load-dump protection MOSFET and reduce the supply current to 7µA (typ). When ON/OFF is driven low, the converter also turns off, and the PGOOD_ outputs are driven low. V+ will be self discharged through the converters output currents and the IC supply current. ______________________________________________________________________________________ Dual, 2.2MHz, Automotive Buck or Boost Converter with 80V Load-Dump Protection Synchronization (SYNC)/ Clock Output (CKO) The main oscillator can be synchronized to the system clock by applying an external clock (fSYNC) at SYNC. The fSYNC frequency must be twice the required operating frequency of an individual converter. Use a TTL logic signal for the external clock with at least 100ns pulse width. ROSC is still required when using external synchronization. Program the internal oscillator frequency to have fSW = 1/2 fSYNC. The device is properly synchronized if the SYNC frequency, f SYNC , varies within ±20%. Two MAX5098As can be connected in the master-slave configuration for four ripple-phase operation (Figure 1). The MAX5098A provides a clock output (CKO) that is 45° phase-shifted with respect to the internal switch turn-on edge. Feed the CKO of the master to the SYNC input of the slave. The effective input ripple switching frequency is four times the individual converter’s switching frequency. When driving the master converter using an external clock at SYNC, set the fSYNC clock duty cycle to 50% for effective 90° phase-shifted interleaved operation. When a SYNC is applied (and FSEL_1 = 0), converter 1 duty cycle is limited to 75% (max). Input Voltage (V+)/ Internal Linear Regulator (VL) All internal control circuitry operates from an internally regulated nominal voltage of 5.2V (VL). At higher input voltages (V+) of 5.2V to 19V, VL is regulated to 5.2V. At 5.2V or below, the internal linear regulator operates in dropout mode, where VL follows V+. Depending on the load on VL, the dropout voltage can be high enough to reduce V L below the undervoltage lockout (UVLO) threshold. Do not use VL to power external circuitry. For input voltages less than 5.5V, connect V+ and VL together. The load on VL is proportional to the switching frequency of converter 1 and converter 2. See the VL Output Voltage vs. Converter Switching Frequency graph in the Typical Operating Characteristics . For input voltage ranges higher than 5.5V, disconnect VL from V+. Bypass V+ to SGND with a 1µF or greater ceramic capacitor placed close to the MAX5098A. Bypass VL with a 4.7µF ceramic capacitor to SGND. Undervoltage Lockout/ Soft-Start/Soft-Stop The MAX5098A includes an undervoltage lockout with hysteresis and a power-on-reset circuit for converter turn-on and monotonic rise of the output voltage. The falling UVLO threshold is internally set to 4.1V (typ) with 180mV hysteresis. Hysteresis at UVLO eliminates “chattering” during startup. When VL drops below UVLO, the internal MOSFET switches are turned off. The MAX5098A digital soft-start reduces input inrush currents and glitches at the input during turn-on. When UVLO is cleared and EN_ is high, digital soft-start slowly ramps up the internal reference voltage in 64 steps. The total soft-start period is 4096 internal oscillator switching cycles. Driving EN_ low initiates digital soft-stop that slowly ramps down the internal reference voltage in 64 steps. The total soft-stop period is equal to the soft-start period. To calculate the soft-start/soft-stop period, use the following equation: t SS (ms) = 4096 fCKO (kHz) where fCKO is the internal oscillator and fCKO is twice each converters’ switching frequency (FSEL_1 = VL) Enable (EN1, EN2) The MAX5098A dual converter provides separate enable inputs, EN1 and EN2, to individually control or sequence the output voltages. These active-high enable inputs are TTL compatible. Driving EN_ high initiates soft-start of the converter, and PGOOD_ goes logic-high when the converter output voltage reaches the VTPGOOD_ threshold. Driving EN_ low initiates a softstop of the converter, and immediately forces PGOOD_ low. Use EN1, EN2, and PGOOD1 for sequencing (see Figure 2). Connect PGOOD1 to EN2 to make sure converter 1’s output is within regulation before converter 2 starts. Add an RC network from VL to EN1 and EN2 to delay the individual converter. Sequencing reduces input inrush current and possible chattering. Connect EN_ to VL for always-on operation. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 15 MAX5098A Internal Oscillator/Out-of-Phase Operation The internal oscillator generates the 180° out-of-phase clock signal required by each regulator. The switching frequency of each converter (fSW) is programmable from 200kHz to 2.2MHz using a single 1% resistor at ROSC. See the Setting the Switching Frequency section. With dual synchronized out-of-phase operation, the MAX5098A’s internal MOSFETs turn on 180° out-ofphase. The instantaneous input current peaks of both regulators do not overlap, resulting in reduced RMS ripple current and input-voltage ripple. This reduces the required input capacitor ripple current rating, allows for fewer or less expensive capacitors, and reduces shielding requirements for EMI. MAX5098A Dual, 2.2MHz, Automotive Buck or Boost Converter with 80V Load-Dump Protection VIN CIN V+ V+ DRAIN2 OUTPUT2 DRAIN1 SOURCE2 DUTY CYCLE = 50% CLKIN OUTPUT1 SOURCE1 SYNC OUTPUT4 DRAIN2 DRAIN1 SOURCE2 CKO SOURCE1 SYNC MASTER SLAVE SYNC CKO (MASTER) CKO (SLAVE) SOURCE1 (MASTER) SYNCPHASE CKOPHASE SOURCE2 (MASTER) SOURCE1 (SLAVE) SOURCE2 (SLAVE) CIN (RIPPLE) Figure 1. Synchronized Controllers 16 ______________________________________________________________________________________ OUTPUT3 Dual, 2.2MHz, Automotive Buck or Boost Converter with 80V Load-Dump Protection VIN VL OUTPUT2 VL VL DRAIN2 V+ DRAIN1 SOURCE2 SOURCE1 OUTPUT1 OUTPUT2 VL DRAIN2 V+ DRAIN1 SOURCE2 SOURCE1 MAX5098A FB2 OUTPUT1 MAX5098A FB1 FB2 FB1 EN2 EN1 R2 VL EN2 VL EN1 R1 VL C2 PGOOD1 SEQUENCING—OUTPUT 2 DELAYED WITH RESPECT TO OUTPUT 1. VL C1 R1/C1 AND R2/C2 ARE SIZED FOR REQUIRED SEQUENCING. Figure 2. Power-Supply Sequencing Configurations PGOOD_ Output Overvoltage Protection Converter 1 and converter 2 include a power-good flag, PGOOD1 and PGOOD2, respectively. Since PGOOD_ is an open-drain output and can sink 3mA while providing the TTL logic-low signal, pull PGOOD_ to a logic voltage to provide a logic-level output. PGOOD1 goes low when converter 1’s feedback FB1 drops to 92.5% (VTPGOOD_) of its nominal set point. The same is true for converter 2. Connect PGOOD_ to SGND or leave unconnected if not used. The MAX5098A outputs are protected from output voltage overshoots due to input transients and shorting the output to a high voltage. When the output voltage rises above the overvoltage threshold, 110% (typ) nominal FB_, the overvoltage condition is triggered. When the overvoltage condition is triggered on either channel, both converters are immediately turned off, 20Ω pulldown switches from SOURCE_ to PGND_ are turned on to help the output-voltage discharge, and the gate of the load-dump protection external MOSFET is pulled low. The device restarts as soon as both converter outputs discharge, bringing both FB_ input voltages below 12.5V of their nominal set points. Current Limit The internal MOSFET switch current of each converter is monitored during its on-time. When the peak switch current crosses the current-limit threshold of 3.45A (typ) and 2.1A (typ) for converter 1 and converter 2, respectively, the on-cycle is terminated immediately and the inductor is allowed to discharge. The MOSFET is turned on at the next clock pulse, initiating a new switching cycle. In deep overload or short-circuit conditions when the VFB_ voltage drops below 0.2V, the switching frequency is reduced to 1/4 x fSW to provide sufficient time for the inductor to discharge. During overload conditions, if the voltage across the inductor is not high enough to allow for the inductor current to properly discharge, current runaway may occur. Current runaway can destroy the device in spite of internal thermal-overload protection. Reducing the switching frequency during overload conditions allows more time for inductor discharge and prevents current runaway. Thermal-Overload Protection During continuous short circuit or overload at the output, the power dissipation in the IC can exceed its limit. The MAX5098A provides thermal shutdown protection with temperature hysteresis. Internal thermal shutdown is provided to avoid irreversible damage to the device. When the die temperature exceeds +165°C (typ), an on-chip thermal sensor shuts down the device, forcing the internal switches to turn off, allowing the IC to cool. The thermal sensor turns the part on again with softstart after the junction temperature cools by +20°C. During thermal shutdown, both regulators shut down, PGOOD_ goes low, and soft-start resets. The internal 20V zener clamp from IN_HIGH to SGND is not turned off during thermal shutdown because clamping action must be always active. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 17 MAX5098A VIN MAX5098A Dual, 2.2MHz, Automotive Buck or Boost Converter with 80V Load-Dump Protection Applications Information Setting the Switching Frequency The controller generates the clock signal by dividing down the internal oscillator fOSC or the SYNC input signal when driven by an external oscillator. The switching frequency equals half the internal oscillator frequency (fSW = fOSC/2). The internal oscillator frequency is set by a resistor (ROSC) connected from OSC to SGND. To find ROSC for each converter switching frequency fSW, use the formulas: ROSC (kΩ) = ROSC (kΩ) = 10.721 fSW (MHz) 12.184 fSW (MHz) ( ) ( ) f ≥ 1.25MHz 0.920 SW f < 1.25MHz 0.973 SW A rising clock edge on SYNC is interpreted as a synchronization input. If the SYNC signal is lost, the internal oscillator takes control of the switching rate, returning the switching frequency to that set by ROSC. When an external synchronization signal is used, ROSC must be selected such that fSW = 1/2 fSYNC. When fSYNC clock signal is applied, fCKO equals fSYNC waveform, phase shifted by 180°. If the MAX5098A is running without external synchronization, fCKO equals the internal oscillator frequency fOSC. Buck Converter Effective Input Voltage Range Although the MAX5098A converter can operate from input supplies ranging from 5.2V to 19V, the input voltage range can be effectively limited by the MAX5098A duty-cycle limitations for a given output voltage. The maximum input voltage is limited by the minimum ontime (tON(MIN)): VIN(MAX) ≤ VOUT t ON(MIN) × fSW where tON(MIN) is 100ns. The minimum input voltage is limited by the maximum duty cycle (DMAX = 0.82): ⎡V + VDROP1 ⎤ VIN(MIN) = ⎢ OUT ⎥ + VDROP2 − VDROP1 DMAX ⎣ ⎦ where VDROP1 is the total parasitic voltage drops in the inductor discharge path, which includes the forward voltage drop (VD) of the rectifier, the series resistance 18 of the inductor, and the PCB resistance. VDROP2 is the total resistance in the charging path that includes the on-resistance of the high-side switch, the series resistance of the inductor, and the PCB resistance. Setting the Output Voltage For 0.8V or greater output voltages, connect a voltagedivider from OUT_ to FB_ to SGND (Figure 3). Select RB (FB_ to SGND resistor) to between 1kΩ and 20kΩ. Calculate RA (OUT_ to FB_ resistor) with the following equation: ⎡⎛ VOUT _ ⎞ ⎤ RA = RB ⎢⎜ ⎟ − 1⎥ ⎢⎣⎝ VFB _ ⎠ ⎥⎦ where VFB_ = 0.8V (see the Electrical Characteristics table) and VOUT_ can range from VFB_ to 28V (boost operation). For output voltages below 0.8V, set the MAX5098A output voltage by connecting a voltage-divider from OUT_ to FB_ to BYPASS (Figure 3). Select RC (FB_ to BYPASS resistor) in the 50kΩ range. Calculate RA with the following equation: ⎡ VFB _ − VOUT _ ⎤ RA = RC ⎢ ⎥ ⎢⎣ VBYPASS − VFB _ ⎥⎦ where VFB_ = 0.8V, VBYPASS = 2V (see the Electrical Characteristics table), and VOUT_ can range from 0V to VFB_. VOUT_ SOURCE_ BYPASS RA RC FB_ FB_ RB MAX5098A RA MAX5098A VOUT_ SOURCE_ VOUT_ ≥ 0.8V VOUT_ < 0.8V Figure 3. Adjustable Output Voltage ______________________________________________________________________________________ Dual, 2.2MHz, Automotive Buck or Boost Converter with 80V Load-Dump Protection L= VOUT (VIN − VOUT ) VIN × fSW × ΔIL where VIN and VOUT are typical values (so that efficiency is optimum for typical conditions). The switching frequency is set by ROSC (see the Setting the Switching Frequency section). The peak-to-peak inductor current, which reflects the peak-to-peak output ripple, is worse at the maximum input voltage. See the Output Capacitor section to verify that the worst-case output ripple is acceptable. The inductor saturation current is also important to avoid runaway current during output overload and continuous short circuit. Select the ISAT to be higher than the maximum peak current limits of 4.3A and 2.6A for converter 1 and converter 2. Input Capacitor The discontinuous input current waveform of the buck converter causes large ripple currents at the input. The switching frequency, peak inductor current, and the allowable peak-to-peak voltage ripple dictate the input capacitance requirement. Note that the two converters of the MAX5098A run 180° out-of-phase, thereby effectively doubling the switching frequency at the input. The input ripple waveform would be unsymmetrical due to the difference in load current and duty cycle between converter 1 and converter 2. The worst-case mismatch is when one converter is at full load while the other converter is at no load or in shutdown. The input ripple is comprised of ΔVQ (caused by the capacitor discharge) and ΔV ESR (caused by the ESR of the capacitor). Use ceramic capacitors with high ripplecurrent capability at the input, connected between DRAIN_ and PGND_. Assume the contribution from the ESR and capacitor discharge equal to 50%. Calculate the input capacitance and ESR required for a specified ripple using the following equations: ESRIN = ΔVESR ΔI IOUT + L 2 MAX5098A Inductor Selection Three key inductor parameters must be specified for operation with the MAX5098A: inductance value (L), peak inductor current (IL), and inductor saturation current (ISAT). The minimum required inductance is a function of operating frequency, input-to-output voltage differential and the peak-to-peak inductor current (ΔIL). A good compromise is to choose ΔIL equal to 30% of the full load current. To calculate the inductance, use the following equation: where ΔIL = (VIN − VOUT ) × VOUT VIN × fSW × L and CIN = IOUT × D(1 − D) ΔVQ × fSW where V D = OUT VIN where IOUT is the maximum output current from either converter 1 or converter 2, and D is the duty cycle for that converter. The frequency of each individual converter is fSW. For example, at VIN = 12V, VOUT = 3.3V at I OUT = 2A, and with L = 3.3µH, the ESR and input capacitance are calculated for a peak-to-peak input ripple of 100mV or less, yielding an ESR and capacitance value of 20mΩ and 6.8µF for 1.25MHz frequency. At low input voltages, also add one electrolytic bulk capacitor of at least 100µF on the converters’ input voltage rail. This capacitor acts as an energy reservoir to avoid possible undershoot below the undervoltage lockout threshold during power-on and transient loading. Output Capacitor The allowable output ripple voltage and the maximum deviation of the output voltage during step load currents determines the output capacitance and its ESR. The output ripple is comprised of ΔVQ (caused by the capacitor discharge) and ΔVESR (caused by the ESR of the capacitor). Use low-ESR ceramic or aluminum electrolytic capacitors at the output. For aluminum electrolytic capacitors, the entire output ripple is contributed by ΔVESR. Use the ESROUT equation to calculate the ESR requirement and choose the capacitor accordingly. If using ceramic capacitors, assume the contribution to the output ripple voltage from the ESR and the capacitor discharge are equal. Calculate the output capacitance and ESR required for a specified ripple using the following equations: ΔVESR ΔIL ΔIL COUT = 8 × ΔVQ × fSW ESROUT = ______________________________________________________________________________________ 19 MAX5098A Dual, 2.2MHz, Automotive Buck or Boost Converter with 80V Load-Dump Protection where where ΔVO _ RIPPLE ≅ ΔVESR + ΔVQ ΔIL is the peak-to-peak inductor current as calculated above and fSW is the individual converter’s switching frequency. The allowable deviation of the output voltage during fast transient loads also determines the output capacitance and its ESR. The output capacitor supplies the step load current until the controller responds with a greater duty cycle. The response time (t RESPONSE) depends on the closed-loop bandwidth of the converter. The high switching frequency of the MAX5098A allows for higher closed-loop bandwidth, reducing tRESPONSE and the output capacitance requirement. The resistive drop across the output capacitor ESR and the capacitor discharge causes a voltage droop during a step load. Use a combination of low-ESR tantalum or polymer and ceramic capacitors for better transient load and ripple/noise performance. Keep the maximum output voltage deviation within the tolerable limits of the electronics being powered. When using a ceramic capacitor, assume 80% and 20% contribution from the output capacitance discharge and the ESR drop, respectively. Use the following equations to calculate the required ESR and capacitance value: ΔVESR ESROUT = ISTEP ISTEP × tRESPONSE COUT = ΔVQ where I STEP is the load step and t RESPONSE is the response time of the controller. Controller response time depends on the control-loop bandwidth. Boost Converter The MAX5098A can be configured for step-up conversion since the internal MOSFET can be used as a lowside switch. Use the following equations to calculate the values for the inductor (LMIN), input capacitor (CIN), and output capacitor (COUT) when using the converter in boost operation. Inductor Choose the minimum inductor value so the converter remains in continuous mode operation at minimum output current (IOMIN). LMIN = 20 VIN2 × D 2 × fSW × VO × IOMIN V + VD − VIN D= O VO + VD − VDS The V D is the forward voltage drop of the external Schottky diode, D is the duty cycle, and VDS is the voltage drop across the internal MOSFET switch. Select the inductor with low DC resistance and with a saturation current (ISAT) rating higher than the peak switch current limit of 4.3A (ICL1) and 2.6A (ICL2) of converter 1 and converter 2, respectively. Input Capacitor The input current for the boost converter is continuous and the RMS ripple current at the input is low. Calculate the capacitor value and ESR of the input capacitor using the following equations. CIN = ΔIL 8 × fSW × ΔVQ ESR = ΔVESR ΔIL where ΔIL = (VIN − VDS ) × D L × fSW where V DS is the voltage drop across the internal MOSFET switch. ΔIL is the peak-to-peak inductor ripple current as calculated above. ΔVQ is the portion of input ripple due to the capacitor discharge and ΔVESR is the contribution due to ESR of the capacitor. Output Capacitor For the boost converter, the output capacitor supplies the load current when the main switch is ON. The required output capacitance is high, especially at higher duty cycles. Also, the output capacitor ESR needs to be low enough to minimize the voltage drop due to the ESR while supporting the load current. Use the following equation to calculate the output capacitor for a specified output ripple tolerance. ΔVESR IPK I × DMAX COUT = O ΔVQ × fSW ESR = where IPK is the peak inductor current as defined in the Power Dissipation section for the boost converter, IO is the load current, ΔVQ is the portion of the ripple due to ______________________________________________________________________________________ Dual, 2.2MHz, Automotive Buck or Boost Converter with 80V Load-Dump Protection where VDS is the drop across the internal MOSFET and η is the efficiency. See the Electrical Characteristics table for the RON(MAX) value. Power Dissipation The MAX5098A includes two internal power MOSFET switches. The DC loss is a function of the RMS current in the switch while the switching loss is a function of switching frequency and instantaneous switch voltage and current. Use the following equations to calculate the RMS current, DC loss, and switching loss of each converter. The MAX5098A is available in a thermally enhanced package and can dissipate up to 2.7W at +70°C ambient temperature. The total power dissipation in the package must be limited so that the operating junction temperature does not exceed its absolute maximum rating of +150°C at maximum ambient temperature. For the buck converter: D IRMS = ⎛⎝ IDC2 + IPK 2 + (IDC × IPK )⎞⎠ × MAX 3 2 PDC = IRMS × RDS(ON)MAX where ΔIL 2 ΔIL IPK = IO + 2 VIN × IO × (tR + tF ) × fSW IDC = IO − PSW = 4 See the Electrical Characteristics table for the RON(MAX) maximum value. For the boost converter: IRMS = (I ( 2 2 DC + I PK + IDC × IPK )) × DMAX 3 V ×I IIN = O O VIN × η ΔIL = (VIN − VDS ) × D L × fSW ΔI IDC = IIN − L 2 ΔIL IPK = IIN + 2 PDC = IRMS2 × RDS(ON)(MAX) PSW = VO × IIN × (tR + tF ) × fSW 4 where tR and tF are rise and fall times of the internal MOSFET. tF can be measured in the actual application. The supply current in the MAX5098A is dependent on the switching frequency. See the Typical Operating Characteristics to find the supply current of the MAX5098A at a given operating frequency. The power dissipation (PS) in the device due to supply current (ISUPPLY) is calculated using following equation. PS = VINMAX x ISUPPLY The total power dissipation PT in the device is: PT = PDC1 + PDC2 + PSW1 + PSW2 + PS where PDC1 and PDC2 are DC losses in converter 1 and converter 2, respectively. PSW1 and PSW2 are switching losses in converter 1 and converter 2, respectively. Calculate the temperature rise of the die using the following equation: TJ = TC x (PT x θJC) where θJC is the junction-to-case thermal impedance of the package equal to +1.7°C/W. Solder the exposed pad of the package to a large copper area to minimize the case-to-ambient thermal impedance. Measure the temperature of the copper area near the device at a worst-case condition of power dissipation and use +1.7°C/W as θJC thermal impedance. Compensation The MAX5098A provides an internal transconductance amplifier with its inverting input and its output available for external frequency compensation. The flexibility of external compensation for each converter offers wide selection of output filtering components, especially the output capacitor. For cost-sensitive applications, use aluminum electrolytic capacitors; for component sizesensitive applications, use low-ESR tantalum, polymer, or ceramic capacitors at the output. The high switching frequency of MAX5098A allows use of ceramic capacitors at the output. Choose all the passive power components that meet the output ripple, component size, and component cost requirements. Choose the small-signal components for the error amplifier to achieve the desired closed-loop ______________________________________________________________________________________ 21 MAX5098A the capacitor discharge, and ΔVESR is the contribution due to the ESR of the capacitor. DMAX is the maximum duty cycle at minimum input voltage. MAX5098A Dual, 2.2MHz, Automotive Buck or Boost Converter with 80V Load-Dump Protection bandwidth and phase margin. Use a simple pole-zero pair (Type II) compensation if the output capacitor ESR zero frequency is below the unity-gain crossover frequency (fC). Type III compensation is necessary when the ESR zero frequency is higher than fC or when compensating for a continuous mode boost converter that has a right-half-plane zero. Use procedure 1 to calculate the compensation network components when fZERO,ESR < fC. VOUT R1 FB_ - COMP_ gM VREF R2 + RF Buck Converter Compensation CF CCF Procedure 1 (See Figure 4) 1) Calculate the fZERO,ESR and LC double-pole frequencies: fZERO,ESR = fLC = 1 2π × ESR × COUT 1 2π L OUT × COUT Figure 4. Type II Compensation Network 4) Place a zero at or below the LC double pole: CF = 2) Select the unity-gain crossover frequency: f fC ≤ SW 20 If the fZERO,ESR is lower than fC and close to fLC, use a Type II compensation network where RFCF provides a midband zero fMID,ZERO, and RFCCF provides a highfrequency pole. 3) Calculate modulator gain GM at the crossover frequency. GM = 0.8 VIN ESR × × VOSC ESR + (2π × fC × L OUT ) VOUT where VOSC is a peak-to-peak ramp amplitude equal to 1V. The transconductance error amplifier gain is: 5) Place a high-frequency pole at fP = 0.5 x fSW. CCF = Procedure 2 (See Figure 5) If the output capacitor used is a low-ESR ceramic type, the ESR frequency is usually far away from the targeted unity crossover frequency (fC). In this case, Type III compensation is recommended. Type III compensation provides two-pole zero pairs. The locations of the zero and poles should be such that the phase margin peaks around fC. It is also important to place the two zeros at or below the double pole to avoid the conditional stability issue. 1) Select a crossover frequency: f fC ≤ SW 20 2) Calculate the LC double-pole frequency, fLC: RF = 22 CF (2π × 0.5fSW × RF × CF ) − 1 GE/A = gM x RF The total loop gain at fC should be equal to 1: GM x GE/A = 1 or 1 2π × RF × fLC VOSC (ESR + 2π × fC × L OUT ) × VOUT 0.8 × VIN × gM × ESR fLC = 1 2π × L OUT × COUT ______________________________________________________________________________________ Dual, 2.2MHz, Automotive Buck or Boost Converter with 80V Load-Dump Protection 1 at 0.75 × fLC. 2π × RF × CF MAX5098A 3) Place a zero fZ1 = VL MAX5098A where CF = VDRV 1 2π × 0.75 × fLC × RF V+ BST_/VDD_ PGND_ PGND_ and RF ≥ 10kΩ. 4) Calculate CI for a target unity crossover frequency, fC. VOUT_ DRAIN_ CI = 2π × fC × L OUT × COUT × VOSC VIN × RF DRAIN_ COUT SOURCE_ SOURCE_ 1 5) Place a pole fP1 = at fZERO,ESR R 2 π × I × CI or 5 x fC, whichever is lower, 1 RI = 2π × fP1 × CI SGND FB_ 6) Place a second zero, f Z2 , at 0.2 x f C or at f LC , whichever is lower. Figure 6. Boost Application R1 = 1 2π × fZ2 × CI − RI 7) Place a second pole at 1/2 the switching frequency. CCF = CF (2π × 0.5 × fSW × RF × CF ) − 1 Boost Converter Compensation The boost converter compensation gets complicated due to the presence of a right-half-plane zero fZERO,RHP. The right-half-plane zero causes a drop in phase while adding positive (+1) slope to the gain curve. It is important to drop the gain significantly below unity before the RHP frequency. Use the following procedure to calculate the compensation components: 1) Calculate the LC double-pole frequency, fLC, and the right-half-plane-zero frequency. fLC = VOUT CCF RI CI FB_ R2 CF RF R1 gM VREF 1− D 2π × L OUT × COUT fZERO,RHP = COMP_ (1 − D)2R(MIN) 2π × L OUT where + Figure 5. Type III Compensation Network D = 1− R(MIN) = VIN VOUT VOUT IOUT(MAX) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 23 MAX5098A Dual, 2.2MHz, Automotive Buck or Boost Converter with 80V Load-Dump Protection Target the unity-gain crossover frequency for: fC ≤ fZERO,RHP 1 6) Place the second pole fP2 = at 1/ 2 2π × RF × CCF the switching frequency. 5 1 2) Place a zero fZ1 = at 0.75 × fLC. 2π × RF × CF CCF = CF × × 2 π 0 . 5 f ( SW × RF × CF ) − 1 Load-Dump Protection MOSFET 1 CF = 2π × 0.75 × fLC × RF where RF ≥ 10kΩ. 3) Calculate CI for a target crossover frequency, fC: 2 VOSC ⎡⎢(1 − D) + ω C2L OUTCOUT ⎤⎥ ⎣ ⎦ CI = ω CRF VIN where ωC = 2π x fC: 4) Place a pole fP1 = RI = 1 at fZERO,RHP . 2π × RI × CI 1 2π × fZERO,RHP × CI 5) Place the second zero fZ2 = 1 at fLC. 2π × R1 × CI where Select the external MOSFET with an adequate voltage rating, VDSS, to withstand the maximum expected loaddump input voltage. The on-resistance of the MOSFET, RDS(ON), should be low enough to maintain a minimal voltage drop at full load, limiting the power dissipation of the MOSFET. During regular operation, the power dissipated by the MOSFET is: PNORMAL = ILOAD2 x RDS(ON) where ILOAD is equal to the sum of both converters’ input currents. The MOSFET operates in a saturation region during load dump, with both high voltage and current applied. Choose a suitable power MOSFET that can safely operate in the saturation region. Verify its capability to support the downstream DC-DC converters input current during the load-dump event by checking its safe operating area (SOA) characteristics. Since the transient peak power dissipation on the MOSFET can be very high during the load-dump event, also refer to the thermal impedance graph given in the data sheet of the power MOSFET to make sure its transient power dissipation is kept within the recommended limits. Improving Noise Immunity R1 = 24 1 2π × fLC × CI − RI In applications where the MAX5098A is subject to noisy environments, adjust the controller’s compensation to improve the system’s noise immunity. In particular, highfrequency noise coupled into the feedback loop causes jittery duty cycles. One solution is to lower the crossover frequency (see the Compensation section). ______________________________________________________________________________________ Dual, 2.2MHz, Automotive Buck or Boost Converter with 80V Load-Dump Protection Layout Procedure 1) Place the power components first, with ground terminals adjacent (inductor, CIN_, and COUT_). Make all these connections on the top layer with wide, copper-filled areas (2oz copper recommended). 2) Group the gate-drive components (bootstrap diodes and capacitors, and VL bypass capacitor) together near the controller IC. 1) For SGND, use a large copper plane under the IC and solder it to the exposed paddle. To effectively use this copper area as a heat exchanger between the PCB and ambient, expose this copper area on the top and bottom side of the PCB. Do not make a direct connection from the exposed pad copper plane to SGND underneath the IC. 2) Isolate the power components and high-current path from the sensitive analog circuitry. 3) Make the DC-DC controller ground connections as follows: a) Create a small, signal ground plane underneath the IC. b) Connect this plane to SGND and use this plane for the ground connection for the reference (BYPASS), enable, compensation components, feedback dividers, and OSC resistor. c) Connect SGND and PGND_ together (this is the only connection between SGND and PGND_). Refer to the MAX5099 Evaluation Kit data sheet for more information. 3) Keep the high-current paths short, especially at the ground terminals. This practice is essential for stable, jitter-free operation. 4) Connect SGND and PGND_ together at a single point. Do not connect them together anywhere else (refer to the MAX5099 Evaluation Kit data sheet for more information). 5) Keep the power traces and load connections short. This practice is essential for high efficiency. Use thick copper PCBs (2oz vs. 1oz) to enhance fullload efficiency. 6) Ensure that the feedback connection to COUT is short and direct. 7) Route high-speed switching nodes (BST_/VDD_, SOURCE_) away from the sensitive analog areas (BYPASS, COMP_, and FB_). Use the internal PCB layer for SGND as an EMI shield to keep radiated noise away from the IC, feedback dividers, and analog bypass capacitors. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 25 MAX5098A PCB Layout Guidelines Careful PCB layout is critical to achieve low switching losses and clean, stable operation. This is especially true for dual converters where one channel can affect the other. Refer to the MAX5099 Evaluation Kit data sheet for a specific layout example. Use a multilayer board whenever possible for better noise immunity. Follow these guidelines for good PCB layout: SGND PGND VOUT1 R22 R8 R6 C7 C8 R7 L1 D2 R9 VL CLOCK OUT C20 C9 C6 D1 IN_HIGH 17 20 21 18 19 30 28 FSEL_1 EN1 PGOOD1 COMP1 FB1 PGND2 CKO 25 SOURCE1 24 SOURCE1 26 BST1/VDD1 OSC 8 R12 ON/OFF 11 BYPASS 16 C11 10 GATE 12 13 MAX5098A V+ VDRV C1 15 C19 C12 27 VDRV PGND 22 23 VIN DRAIN1 DRAIN1 VIN C4 2 3 C13 SYNC EN2 PGOOD2 COMP2 FB2 PGND1 SOURCE2 SOURCE2 BST2/VDD2 14 VL VIN = 4.5V TO 5.5V DRAIN2 DRAIN2 26 SGND 9 5 4 7 6 29 32 1 31 C15 R18 C21 C17 C14 D4 VDRV D5 R16 L2 R17 C16 R15 C5 R23 SGND PGND VOUT2 MAX5098A Dual, 2.2MHz, Automotive Buck or Boost Converter with 80V Load-Dump Protection Figure 7. 4.5V to 5.5V Operation ______________________________________________________________________________________ VOUT1 = 5V AT 2A SGND PGND VOUT1 R22 10kΩ 1% R8 976Ω 1% C8 270pF R6 52.3kΩ 1% C7 22μF R7 10kΩ 1% L1 4.7μH D2 C20 33pF VL CLOCK OUT C9 R9 2700pF 12.7Ω C6 0.1μF D1 17 20 21 18 19 30 28 FSEL_1 EN1 PGOOD1 COMP1 FB1 PGND2 CKO 25 SOURCE1 24 SOURCE1 26 BST1/VDD1 IN_HIGH OSC 8 11 R12 6.49Ω ON/OFF 12 C2 4.7μF 35V 16 BYPASS C11 0.22μF 15 13 C3 150μF 25V MAX5098A 10 GATE R1 3.9kΩ VDRV V+ C1 22μF 100V VDRV 22 23 R21 1Ω C12 2.2μF 27 C19 1μF 25V DRAIN1 DRAIN1 VDRV PGND 2 3 14 C13 4.7μF SYNC EN2 PGOOD2 COMP2 FB2 PGND1 SOURCE2 SOURCE2 BST2/VDD2 C4 10μF 25V VL N1 SGND DRAIN2 DRAIN2 VIN 9 5 4 7 6 29 32 1 31 C15 10μF 25V C21 56pF C17 R18 7.15Ω 2700pF D5 C14 0.1μF D4 VDRV R16 12.1kΩ 1% L2 4.7μH R17 976Ω 1% C16 270pF R15 37.4kΩ 1% C5 22μF R23 10kΩ 1% SGND PGND VOUT2 VOUT2 = 3.3V AT 1A Typical Application Circuit ______________________________________________________________________________________ 27 MAX5098A VIN = 5.2V TO 19V Dual, 2.2MHz, Automotive Buck or Boost Converter with 80V Load-Dump Protection Chip Information Pin Configuration DRAIN1 PGOOD1 EN1 FB1 COMP1 FSEL_1 24 DRAIN1 TOP VIEW SOURCE1 PROCESS: BiCMOS 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 SOURCE1 25 16 BYPASS BST1/VDD1 26 15 SGND VDRV 27 CKO 28 MAX5098A PGND1 29 PGND2 30 BST2/VDD2 31 *EP + 3 4 5 6 7 8 PGOOD2 EN2 FB2 COMP2 OSC 2 DRAIN2 1 DRAIN2 SOURCE2 32 SOURCE2 MAX5098A Dual, 2.2MHz, Automotive Buck or Boost Converter with 80V Load-Dump Protection 14 VL 13 V+ 12 IN_HIGH 11 ON/OFF 10 GATE 9 SYNC Package Information For the latest package outline information, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. PACKAGE TYPE PACKAGE CODE DOCUMENT NO. 32 TQFN T3255+4 21-0140 TQFN (5mm x 5mm) *EP = EXPOSED PAD. Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. 28 ____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 © 2008 Maxim Integrated Products is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.