19-2049; Rev 2; 9/02 Dual, Audio, Log Taper Digital Potentiometers The MAX5408–MAX5411 dual, logarithmic taper digital potentiometers, with 32-tap points each, replace mechanical potentiometers in audio applications requiring digitally controlled resistors. The MAX5408/ MAX5410 are dual potentiometers with one wiper per potentiometer. The MAX5409/MAX5411 are dual potentiometers with two wipers per potentiometer (see Functional Diagram). An SPI™-compatible serial interface controls the wiper positions. The MAX5408– MAX5411 have a factory-set resistance of 10kΩ per potentiometer. A zero-crossing detect feature minimizes the audible noise generated by wiper transitions. The MAX5408–MAX5411 have nominal temperature coefficients of 35ppm/°C end-to-end and 5ppm/°C ratiometric. The MAX5408–MAX5411 are available in 16-pin QSOP and 16-pin thin QFN packages and are specified over the extended temperature range (-40°C to +85°C). Applications Features ♦ Log Taper with 2dB Steps Between Taps ♦ 32-Tap Positions for Each Wiper ♦ Small 16-Pin QSOP/QFN Packages ♦ Single-Supply Voltage Operation +2.7V to +3.6V (MAX5408/MAX5409) +4.5V to +5.5V (MAX5410/MAX5411) ♦ Low 0.5µA Standby Supply Current ♦ Zero-Crossing Detection for Clickless Switching ♦ Mute Function to -90dB ♦ 10kΩ Fixed Resistance Value ♦ 3-Wire SPI-Compatible Serial Data Interface ♦ Power-On Reset: Wiper Goes to Maximum Attenuation ♦ Digital Output for Readback and Daisy-Chaining Capabilities Stereo Volume Control Ordering Information Fading and Balancing Stereo Signals Mechanical Potentiometer Replacement Functional Diagram appears at end of data sheet. SPI is a trademark of Motorola, Inc. PART TEMP RANGE PINPACKAGE WIPERS PER RESISTOR MAX5408EEE -40°C to +85°C 16 QSOP 1 MAX5408ETE 1 -40°C to +85°C 16 Thin QFN MAX5409EEE -40°C to +85°C 16 QSOP 2 Ordering Information continued at end of data sheet. Pin Configurations TOP VIEW DIN 2 15 VLOGIC SCLK 3 H0 5 DOUT VDD VLOGIC 16 15 14 13 16 VDD DOUT 1 CS 4 DIN SCLK 1 CS 2 12 GND 11 AGND 14 GND MAX5408MAX5411 L0 6 13 AGND 12 H1 11 L1 W0A 7 MAX5408MAX5411 H0 3 10 H1 L0 4 9 L1 10 W1A N.C. (W0B) 8 9 N.C. (W1B) QSOP (5mm x 6mm) 5 6 7 W0A N.C. (W0B) N.C. (W1B) ( ) ARE FOR MAX5409/MAX5411 ONLY 8 W1A THIN QFN (4mm x 4mm) ________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim/Dallas Direct! at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com. 1 MAX5408–MAX5411 General Description MAX5408–MAX5411 Dual, Audio, Log Taper Digital Potentiometers ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS VDD, VLOGIC, CS, SCLK, DIN to GND ......................-0.3V to +6V H_, L_, and W_ to GND ..............................-0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V) DOUT to GND.............................................-0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V) AGND to GND .......................................................-0.3V to +0.3V Input and Output Latchup Immunity...............................±200mA Maximum Continuous Current into H_, L_, and W_.........±500µA Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C) 16-Pin QSOP (derate 8.3mW/°C above +70°C)........666.7mW 16-Pin QFN (derate 18.5mW/°C above +70°C) .........1481mW Operating Temperature Range ...........................-40°C to +85°C Storage Temperature Range .............................-60°C to +150°C Maximum Junction Temperature .....................................+150°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300°C Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VDD = +2.7V to +3.6V (MAX5408/MAX5409), VDD = +4.5V to +5.5V (MAX5410/MAX5411), VH_ = VDD, VL_ = 0, TA = TMIN to TMAX. Typical values are at TA = +25°C, unless otherwise specified.) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS End-to-End Resistance Maximum Bandwidth (Note 1) CW_ = 50pF MIN TYP MAX 7 10 13 100 UNITS kΩ kHz Absolute Tolerance ±0.25 dB Tap-to-Tap Tolerance ±0.1 dB VIN = 1VRMS, f = 1kHz, tap = -6dB 0.002 % -100 dB f = 20Hz to 20kHz, tap = -6dB ±0.5 dB -90 dB Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise THD+N Channel Isolation Interchannel Matching Mute Attenuation Power-Supply Rejection Ratio PSRR -80 Wiper Resistance RW 1000 Wiper Capacitance CW 10 pF -90 dB End-to-End Resistance Temperature Coefficient 35 ppm/°C Ratiometric Resistance Temperature Coefficient 5 ppm/°C Digital Clock Feedthrough fSCLK = 20Hz to 20kHz, tap = -6dB dB 1700 Ω DIGITAL INPUTS (VLOGIC > 4.5V) Input High Voltage VIH Input Low Voltage VIL 2.4 V Input Leakage Current Input Capacitance 0.8 V ±1 µA 5 pF DIGITAL INPUTS (VLOGIC < 4.5V) Input High Voltage VIH Input Low Voltage VIL 0.7 x VLOGIC V Input Leakage Current Input Capacitance 2 5 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 0. 3 x VLOGIC V ±1 µA pF Dual, Audio, Log Taper Digital Potentiometers (VDD = +2.7V to +3.6V (MAX5408/MAX5409), VDD = +4.5V to +5.5V (MAX5410/MAX5411), VH_ = VDD, VL_ = 0, TA = TMIN to TMAX. Typical values are at TA = +25°C, unless otherwise specified.) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS DIGITAL OUTPUT Output High Voltage VOH ISOURCE = 0.5mA Output Low Voltage VOL ISINK = 2mA VLOGIC - 0.5 V 0.4 V TIMING CHARACTERISTICS (Figure 1) SCLK Clock Period tCP 100 ns SCLK Pulse Width High tCH 40 ns SCLK Pulse Width Low tCL 40 ns CS Fall to SCLK Rise Setup Time tCSS 40 ns SCLK Rise to CS Rise Hold Time tCSH 0 ns DIN Setup Time tDS 40 ns DIN Hold Time tDH 0 ns SCLK Fall to DOUT Valid Propagation Delay tDO CS Rise to SCLK Rise Hold Time tCS1 CS Pulse Width High tCSW Wiper Settling Time tIW CLOAD = 200pF 80 40 ns 100 Zero-crossing detect disabled ns ns 1 µs POWER SUPPLIES Supply Voltage VDD Active Supply Current Standby Supply Current Logic Supply Voltage Logic Active Supply Current Logic Standby Supply Current IDD MAX5408/MAX5409 2.7 3.6 MAX5410/MAX5411 4.5 5.5 fSCLK = 2MHz (Note 2) VLOGIC ILOGIC 100 (Note 3) 0.2 2.7 5.5 fSCLK = 2MHz, DOUT = floating (Note 2) DOUT = floating (Note 3) 10 120 0.5 10 V µA V µA Note 1: Guaranteed by design, not production tested. Note 2: Supply current measured while changing wiper position with zero crossing enabled. Note 3: Supply current measured while wiper position is fixed. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 MAX5408–MAX5411 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) Typical Operating Characteristics (VDD = +3V (MAX5408/MAX5409), VDD = +5V (MAX5410/MAX5411), DOUT = floating) WIPER RESISTANCE vs. WIPER VOLTAGE END-TO-END RESISTANCE % CHANGE vs. TEMPERATURE 993 992 991 990 989 MAX5408-11 toc02 994 0.20 END-TO-END RESISTANCE CHANGE (%) TAP POSITION 31 995 WIPER RESISTANCE (Ω) MAX5408-11 toc01 996 0.15 0.10 0.05 0 -0.05 -0.10 -0.15 VDD = 5V = VLOGIC, L_ = GND -0.20 988 -40 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 -15 10 35 60 TEMPERATURE (°C) ATTENUATION vs. TAP POSITION TOTAL SUPPLY CURRENT VS. TEMPERATURE MAX5408-11 toc03 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 60 ZERO-CROSSING ENABLED ITOTAL = IDD + ILOGIC ACTIVE MODE 55 -60 85 MAX5408-11 toc04 WIPER VOLTAGE (V) TOTAL SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) 0 50 45 40 35 30 25 -70 20 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 -40 -15 10 35 60 TAP POSITION TEMPERATURE (°C) TAP-TO-TAP SWITCHING TRANSIENT (ZERO-CROSSING DISABLE) LOGIC CURRENT vs. LOGIC VOLTAGE MAX5408-11 toc05 CS 2V/div VH_ = 5V VL_ = 0 LOGIC SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) VW_ 2V/div 0.30 STANDBY MODE SCLK = GND 0.25 85 MAX5408-11 toc06 ATTENUATION (dB) MAX5408–MAX5411 Dual, Audio, Log Taper Digital Potentiometers 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0 4µs/div 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 LOGIC SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 4 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5.5 Dual, Audio, Log Taper Digital Potentiometers LOGIC CURRENT vs. LOGIC VOLTAGE ACTIVE MODE SCLK = 2MHz, O to VLOGIC 40 0.50 ZERO-CROSSING DETECTION DISABLED 0.45 35 0.40 30 0.35 IDD (µA) LOGIC SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) 45 0.55 MAX5408-11 toc07 50 25 20 0.30 MAX5408-11 toc08 SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE ACTIVE 0.25 0.20 15 STANDBY 0.15 10 0.10 5 0.05 0 0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 2.5 LOGIC SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 VDD (V) Pin Description PIN MAX5408/ MAX5408/ MAX5410 (QFN) MAX5410 (QSOP) MAX5409/ MAX5409/ MAX5411 (QFN) MAX5411 (QSOP) NAME FUNCTION 1 3 1 3 SCLK Serial Clock Input 2 4 2 4 CS Chip-Select Input 3 5 3 5 H0 High Terminal of Resistor 0 4 6 4 6 L0 Low Terminal of Resistor 0 5 7 5 7 W0A Wiper Terminal A of Resistor 0 — — 6 8 W0B Wiper Terminal B of Resistor 0 — — 7 9 W1B Wiper Terminal B of Resistor 1 8 10 8 10 W1A Wiper Terminal A of Resistor 1 9 11 9 11 L1 Low Terminal of Resistor 1 High Terminal of Resistor 1 10 12 10 12 H1 11 13 11 13 AGND 12 14 12 14 GND 13 15 13 15 VLOGIC 14 16 14 16 VDD 15 1 15 1 DOUT 16 2 16 2 DIN Serial Data Input 6, 7 8, 9 — — N.C. No Connection. Not internally connected. Analog Ground Ground Digital Logic Power Supply Analog Power Supply Serial Data Output _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 MAX5408–MAX5411 Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VDD = +3V (MAX5408/MAX5409), VDD = +5V (MAX5410/MAX5411), DOUT = floating) MAX5408–MAX5411 Dual, Audio, Log Taper Digital Potentiometers Table 1. Serial Interface Programming Commands for MAX5408/MAX5410 8-BIT SERIAL WORD FUNCTION A0 A1 A2 D4–D0 0 0 0 5-bit DAC data Set position of wiper W0A 0 0 1 5-bit DAC data No change 0 1 0 5-bit DAC data Set position of wiper W1A 0 1 1 5-bit DAC data No change 1 0 0 4-bit mute data, D0 = “don’t care” Data for mute register (see Table 3) 1 0 1 4-bit zero-crossing detection data, D0 = “don’t care” Data for zero-crossing detection register (see Table 5) 1 1 0 00000 Readback contents of wiper register for W0A at DOUT 1 1 0 00001 No change 1 1 0 00010 Readback contents of wiper register for W1A at DOUT 1 1 0 00011 No change 1 1 0 00100 Readback contents of mute register at DOUT 1 1 0 00101 Readback contents of zero-crossing detection register at DOUT 1 1 1 D4 = 0, D3–D0 = “don’t care Immediate update then analog power-down when zero crossing is enabled. No effect when zero crossing is disabled. Detailed Description CS Digital Serial Interface An SPI-compatible serial interface controls the MAX5408–MAX5411. The input word to the device is eight bits long, composed of three address bits (A0, A1, and A2), followed by five data bits, with MSB first (see Tables 1 and 2). The first three address bits set the value of internal registers. The five data bits control the wiper position. For certain commands, some of the five data bits are “don’t cares”, but must be sent to the device. The serial data is listed in Tables 1 and 2. The control code determines: • Potentiometer to update or register to set. • Data for mute register (Tables 3 and 4). • Data for zero-crossing detection register (Tables 5 and 6). The data bits control the position of the wiper (Table 7). A logic low on the chip-select input (CS) enables the device’s serial interface. A logic high on CS disables the interface control circuitry. See Figure 1 for serialinterface timing description. 6 tCSS tCL tCH SCLK tDS tDH DIN DOUT tCSW CS tCSH tCP tCSI SCLK DIN tDO DOUT tIW WIPER Figure 1. Serial Timing Diagram _______________________________________________________________________________________ Dual, Audio, Log Taper Digital Potentiometers MAX5408–MAX5411 Table 2. Serial Interface Programming Commands for MAX5409/MAX5411 8-BIT SERIAL WORD FUNCTION A0 A1 A2 0 0 0 5-bit DAC data Set position of wiper W0A 0 0 1 5-bit DAC data Set position of wiper W0B 0 1 0 5-bit DAC data Set position of wiper W1A 0 1 1 5-bit DAC data Set position of wiper W1B 0 4-bit mute data, D0 = “don’t care” Data for mute register (see Table 4) Data for zero-crossing detection register (see Table 6) 1 0 D4–D0 1 0 1 4-bit zero-crossing detection data, D0 = “don’t care” 1 1 0 00000 Readback contents of wiper register for W0A at DOUT 1 1 0 00001 Readback contents of wiper register for W0B at DOUT 1 1 0 00010 Readback contents of wiper register for W1A at DOUT 1 1 0 00011 Readback contents of wiper register for W1B at DOUT 1 1 0 00100 Readback contents of mute register at DOUT 1 1 0 00101 Readback contents of zero-crossing detection register at DOUT 1 1 1 D4 = 0, D3–D0 = “don’t care” Analog power-down 1 1 1 D4 = 1, D3–D0 = “don’t care” Analog power-up Table 3. Mute Register Bit Definitions for MAX5408/MAX5410 DATA BIT D4 D3 D2 VALUE FUNCTION 0 Set wiper W0A to preprogrammed value (-62dB on power-up) 1 Set wiper W0A to mute (-90dB) “don’t care” No change 0 Set wiper W1A to preprogrammed value (-62dB on power-up) 1 Set wiper W1A to mute (-90dB) D1 “don’t care” No change D0 “don’t care” No change Table 4. Mute Register Bit Definitions for MAX5409/MAX5411 DATA BIT D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 VALUE FUNCTION 0 Set wiper W0A to preprogrammed value (-62dB on power-up) 1 Set wiper W0A to mute (-90dB) 0 Set wiper W0B to preprogrammed value (-62dB on power-up) 1 Set wiper W0B to mute (-90dB) 0 Set wiper W1A to preprogrammed value (-62dB on power-up) 1 Set wiper W1A to mute (-90dB) 0 Set wiper W1B to preprogrammed value (-62dB on power-up) 1 Set wiper W1B to mute (-90dB) “don’t care” No change _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 MAX5408–MAX5411 Dual, Audio, Log Taper Digital Potentiometers Table 5. Zero-Crossing Detection Register Bit Definitions for MAX5408/MAX5410 DATA BIT D4 D3 VALUE FUNCTION 0 Disable wiper W0A zero-crossing detection circuit 1 Enable wiper W0A zero-crossing detection circuit “don’t care” D2 No change 0 Disable wiper W1A zero-crossing detection circuit 1 Enable wiper W1A zero-crossing detection circuit D1 “don’t care” No change D0 “don’t care” No change Table 6. Zero-Crossing Detection Register Bit Definitions for MAX5409/MAX5411 DATA BIT VALUE FUNCTION 0 D4 D3 D2 D1 Disable wiper W0A zero-crossing detection circuit 1 Enable wiper W0A zero-crossing detection circuit 0 Disable wiper W0B zero-crossing detection circuit 1 Enable wiper W0B zero-crossing detection circuit 0 Disable wiper W1A zero-crossing detection circuit 1 Enable wiper W1A zero-crossing detection circuit 0 Disable wiper W1B zero-crossing detection circuit 1 D0 Enable wiper W1B zero-crossing detection circuit “don’t care” No change Table 7. Attenuation and Wiper Position POSITION OUTPUT LEVEL (dB) 0 0 1 -2 2 -4 3 -6 4 .. .. . -8 .. .. . 30 -60 31 -62 MUTE <-90 The digital output, DOUT, lags the digital input signal, DIN by 8.5 clock cycles. Force CS high to disable DOUT, placing DOUT in three-state mode. Force CS low to enable DOUT and disable three-state mode. Force CS high, after a word has been written to the MAX5408–MAX5411 to make a readback request. The next CS low period writes the requested data to DOUT. 8 A readback request overwrites any previous data in the shift register. Note that the data appears at DOUT in the order: A0, A1, A2, D4, D3, D2, D1, D0. A0 will be available after the first high-to-low transition of SCLK when CS is low. The input continues to load the shift register while data is being read out of the MAX5408– MAX5411. The input data appears at DOUT 8.5 clock cycles later. A CS transition from low-to-high latches the input data. For any control byte, the state of SCLK must be the same for both CS low-to-high transitions and CS high-to-low transitions in order to preserve the data at DOUT while CS transitions. Zero-Crossing Detection The zero-crossing detection register enables the zerocrossing detect feature. The zero-crossing detect feature reduces the audible noise (“clicks and pops”) that result from wiper transitions. The wiper changes position only when the voltage at L_ is the same as the voltage at H_. Each wiper has a zero-crossing and timeout circuit (see Figure 2). With zero-crossing enabled, the MAX5408–MAX5411 change wiper position after 50ms or when zero crossing is detected. _______________________________________________________________________________________ Dual, Audio, Log Taper Digital Potentiometers V H_ V L_ V L_ -10dB WIPER POSITION t=0 MAX5408–MAX5411 V H_ -10dB -20dB -20dB WIPER POSITION 50ms (TYP) t=0 100ms 50ms (TYP) 100ms CHANGING WIPER POSITIONS WITH ZERO-CROSSING ENABLED, COMMAND ISSUED AT t = 0 Figure 2. Zero-Crossing Timing Diagram VOUT0 VIN0 VIN1 H0 H1 W0A W1A MAX5408– MAX5411 VOUT1 L1 L0 Figure 3. Attenuation Control VLEFTF W0A VLEFT VRIGHT H0 H1 VRIGHTF W1A MAX5409/ MAX5411 VLEFTR W0B W1B L0 VRIGHTR L1 Figure 4. Stereo Volume Control with Front and Rear Fade _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 MAX5408–MAX5411 Dual, Audio, Log Taper Digital Potentiometers SCLK H1 H0 SCLK SCLK VIN0 SCLK VOUT0 SDIN SDIN CS DOUT MAX5408– MAX5411 SDIN CS DOUT SDIN MAX5408– MAX5411 CS VIN1 W0A MAX5408– MAX541 W1A MAX5408– MAX5411 DOUT VOUT1 L1 L0 CS Figure 5. Daisy-Chaining of Serial Interfaces Figure 6. Gain Control Power-On Reset Gain Control The power-on reset (POR) feature sets all the wipers to the maximum attenuation (tap position 31, -62dB) at power-up. If either VDD or VLOGIC is zero volts, a poweron reset intiates when one of the supplies is brought back to the operating voltage. Figure 6 shows the application of a gain control. Note: Muting the potentiometer creates unpredictable behavior at the output of the op amp, and may seriously degrade the performance of the op amp. Mute Function Ordering Information (continued) When mute is enabled, the wipers go to -90dB attenuation. When mute is disabled, the wiper returns to its position before mute was enabled. All wipers can be muted simultaneously or independently. Applications Information Attenuation Control Figure 3 shows the application of an attenuation control. The op amps are connected in a follower configuration with a fixed gain. The digitally controlled potentiometer attenuates the input signal. Stereo Volume Control Figure 4 shows the application of stereo volume control using MAX5409/MAX5411. The op amps are connected in a follower configuration with fixed gain. The digitally controlled potentiometer attenuates the input signals. The second wiper of each potentiometer controls the signal amplitude at the rear set of speakers. PART MAX5409ETE TEMP RANGE PINPACKAGE -40°C to +85°C 16 Thin QFN 2 MAX5410EEE -40°C to +85°C 16 QSOP 1 MAX5410ETE 1 -40°C to +85°C 16 Thin QFN MAX5411EEE -40°C to +85°C 16 QSOP 2 MAX5411ETE 2 -40°C to +85°C 16 Thin QFN Chip Information TRANSISTOR COUNT: 12,875 PROCESS: BiCMOS Daisy-Chaining Figure 5 shows an application daisy-chaining the serial-interfaces of the MAX5408–MAX5411. A singlewrite command updates multiple devices from a single digital port in this configuration (see Digital Serial Interface section). 10 WIPERS PER RESISTOR ______________________________________________________________________________________ Dual, Audio, Log Taper Digital Potentiometers W0A H0 N.C. (W0B) DOUT W1A H1 N.C. (W1B) MAX5408– MAX5411 32 POSITION DECODER/ REGISTER AUDIO ZEROCROSSING DETECTOR SPI LOGIC VLOGIC VDD L0 SCLK DIN CS L1 GND AGND ( ) ARE FOR MAX5409/MAX5411 ONLY ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11 MAX5408–MAX5411 Functional Diagram MAX5408–MAX5411 Dual, Audio, Log Taper Digital Potentiometers Package Information (The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.) PACKAGE OUTLINE 12,16,20,24L QFN THIN, 4x4x0.8 mm 21-0139 A PACKAGE OUTLINE 12,16,20,24L QFN THIN, 4x4x0.8 mm 21-0139 A 12 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Dual, Audio, Log Taper Digital Potentiometers QSOP.EPS Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 ____________________ 13 © 2002 Maxim Integrated Products Printed USA is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products. MAX5408-MAX5411 Package Information (continued) (The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)