Maxim MAX762EPA 12v/15v or adjustable, high-efficiency, low iq, step-up dc-dc converter Datasheet

19-0201; Rev 0; 11/93
it
K
tion
lua able
a
v
E
il
Ava
12V/15V or Adjustable, High-Efficiency,
Low IQ, Step-Up DC-DC Converters
_________________________Applications
Flash Memory Programming
PCMCIA Cards
Battery-Powered Applications
High-Efficiency DC-DC Converters
High Efficiency for a Wide Range of Load Currents
12V/150mA Flash Memory Programming Supply
110µA Max Supply Current
5µA Max Shutdown Supply Current
2V to 16.5V Input Voltage Range
12V (MAX761), 15V (MAX762) or Adjustable Output
Current-Limited PFM Control Scheme
300kHz Switching Frequency
Internal, 1A, N-Channel Power FET
LBI/LBO Low-Battery Comparator
______________Ordering Information
PART
TEMP. RANGE
PIN-PACKAGE
MAX761CPA
0°C to +70°C
8 Plastic DIP
MAX761CSA
MAX761C/D
MAX761EPA
MAX761ESA
MAX761MJA
MAX762CPA
0°C to +70°C
0°C to +70°C
-40°C to +85°C
-40°C to +85°C
-55°C to +125°C
0°C to +70°C
8 SO
Dice*
8 Plastic DIP
8 SO
8 CERDIP**
8 Plastic DIP
MAX762CSA
MAX762C/D
MAX762EPA
MAX762ESA
MAX762MJA
0°C to +70°C
0°C to +70°C
-40°C to +85°C
-40°C to +85°C
-55°C to +125°C
8 SO
Dice*
8 Plastic DIP
8 SO
8 CERDIP**
* Contact factory for dice specifications.
** Contact factory for availability and processing to MIL-STD-883.
__________Typical Operating Circuit
INPUT
4.75V
TO 12V
____________________________Features
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
__________________Pin Configuration
TOP VIEW
33µF
18µH
LX
ON/OFF
MAX761
SHDN
33µF
V+
LBI
LOW-BATTERY
DETECTOR INPUT
OUTPUT
12V
150mA
LBO
LOW-BATTERY
DETECTOR OUTPUT
LBO
1
8
V+
LBI
2
7
LX
FB
3
6
GND
5
REF
MAX761
MAX762
SHDN 4
REF
FB
GND
DIP/SO
________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products
Call toll free 1-800-998-8800 for free samples or literature.
1
MAX761/MAX762
_______________General Description
The MAX761/MAX762 step-up switching regulators
provide high efficiency over a wide range of load currents,
delivering up to 150mA. A unique, current-limited
pulse-frequency-modulated (PFM) control scheme gives
the devices the benefits of pulse-width-modulated (PWM)
converters (high efficiency with heavy loads), while using
less than 110µA of supply current (vs. 2mA to 10mA for
PWM converters). The result is high efficiency over a wide
range of loads.
The MAX761/MAX762 input voltage range is 2V to 16.5V.
Output voltages are preset to 12V (MAX761) and 15V
(MAX762), or they can be set with two external resistors.
With a 5V input, the MAX761 guarantees a 12V, 150mA
output. Its high efficiency, low supply current, fast start-up
time, SHDN controlling capability, and small size make the
MAX761 ideal for powering flash memory.
The MAX761/MAX762 have an internal 1A power MOSFET, making them ideal for minimum-component, low- and
medium-power applications. These devices use tiny external components, and their high switching frequencies (up
to 300kHz) allow for small surface-mount magnetics.
For increased output drive capability or higher output voltages, use the MAX770–MAX773, which are similar in
design to the MAX761/MAX762, but drive external power
MOSFETs. For stepping up to 5V, see the MAX756/
MAX757 and MAX856-MAX859 data sheets.
MAX761/MAX762
12V/15V or Adjustable, High-Efficiency,
Low IQ, Step-Up DC-DC Converters
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply Voltage V+ to GND .......................................-0.3V to 17V
REF, LBO, LBI, SHDN, FB ............................-0.3V to (V+ + 0.3V)
LX..............................................................................-0.3V to 17V
LX Peak Current ....................................................................1.5A
LBO Current ..........................................................................5mA
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C)
Plastic DIP (derate 9.09mW/°C above +70°C) ............727mW
SO (derate 5.88mW/°C above +70°C) .........................471mW
CERDIP (derate 8.00mW/°C above +70°C) .................640mW
Operating Temperature Ranges:
MAX76_C_A ........................................................0°C to +70°C
MAX76_E_A .....................................................-40°C to +85°C
MAX76_MJA ..................................................-55°C to +125°C
Junction Temperatures:
MAX76_C_A/E_A..........................................................+150°C
MAX76_MJA.................................................................+175°C
Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +160°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10sec) .............................+300°C
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(V+ = 5V, ILOAD = 0mA, CREF = 0.1µF, TA = TMIN to TMAX, typical values are at TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER
Supply Voltage
SYMBOL
V+
CONDITIONS
Figure 2, bootstrapped
Figure 3 or 5 with
external resistors.
MAX76_C/E
MAX76_M
MIN
2
TYP
MAX
16.5
UNITS
3
16.5
V
3.1
16.5
Minimum Operating Voltage
Figure 2, bootstrapped
1.7
Minimum Start-Up Voltage
Figure 2, bootstrapped
1.7
2.0
V
V+ = 16.5V, normal operation, SHDN = 0V,
non-bootstrapped
88
110
Figure 2, MAX761, VIN = 5V, SHDN = 0V,
normal operation
300
Supply Current
µA
Shutdown Current
V+ = 10.0V, shutdown mode, SHDN = V+
Figure 2,
MAX761,
bootstrapped
Output Voltage
(Note 1)
VOUT
Peak Current at LX
IPEAK
Figure 2,
MAX762,
bootstrapped
Maximum Switch-On Time
tON
Minimum Switch-Off Time
tOFF
0mA ≤ ILOAD ≤ 75mA,
3V ≤ V+ ≤ 12V
0mA ≤ ILOAD ≤ 150mA,
4.75V ≤ V+ ≤ 12V
0mA ≤ ILOAD ≤ 50mA,
3V ≤ V+ ≤ 15V
0mA ≤ ILOAD ≤ 100mA,
4.75V ≤ V+ ≤ 15V
See Figure 4b
Figure 2, 0mA ≤ ILOAD ≤ 200mA, bootstrapped
Line Regulation
Efficiency
2
VREF
1
5
11.52
12.0
12.48
11.52
12.0
12.48
14.4
15.0
15.6
µA
14.4
15.0
15.6
0.75
1.0
1.25
A
6
8
10
µs
1.3
1.6
V
1.0
Load Regulation
Reference Voltage
V
µs
0.0042
%/mA
Figure 2, 4V ≤ VIN ≤ 6V, bootstrapped
0.08
%/V
Figure 2, bootstrapped, VOUT = 12V,
60mA ≤ ILOAD ≤ 120mA
86
%
MAX76_C
1.4700
1.50
1.5300
MAX76_E
1.4625
1.50
1.5375
MAX76_M
1.4550
1.50
1.5450
_______________________________________________________________________________________
V
12V/15V or Adjustable, High-Efficiency,
Low IQ, Step-Up DC-DC Converters
(V+ = 5V, ILOAD = 0mA, CREF = 0.1µF, TA = TMIN to TMAX, typical values are at TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
Reference Load Regulation
0µA ≤ ILOAD ≤ 100µA
Reference Line Regulation
3.0V ≤ V+ ≤ 16.5V
FB Leakage Current
Voltage Trip Point
IFB
VFB
LX On Resistance
TYP
MAX
10
MAX76_M
15
30
100
MAX76_C
-5
5
MAX76_E
-10
10
MAX76_M
-30
30
MAX76_C
-20
20
MAX76_E
-40
40
MAX76_M
-60
60
MAX76_C
1.4700
1.50
MAX76_E
1.4625
1.50
1.5375
MAX76_M
1.4550
1.50
1.5450
1.0
2.2
V+ = 16.5V,
LX = 17V
LX Leakage Current
MIN
MAX76_C/E
V+ > 5.0V
SHDN Input High Voltage
VIH
2.0V ≤ V+ ≤ 16.5V
SHDN Input Low Voltage
VIL
2.0V ≤ V+ ≤ 16.5V
V+ = 16.5V, SHDN = 0V or V+
LBI Threshold Voltage
LBI falling
µV/V
µA
nA
V
Ω
V
-1
0.4
V
1
µA
MAX76_C
1.4700
1.50
MAX76_E
1.4625
1.50
1.5375
MAX76_M
1.4550
1.50
1.5450
LBI Hysteresis
mV
1.5300
1.6
SHDN Leakage Current
UNITS
1.5300
20
V
mV
LBI Leakage Current
V+ = 16.5V, VLBI = 1.5V
-20
20
nA
LBO Leakage Current
V+ = 16.5V, VLBO = 16.5V
-1
1
µA
LBO Voltage
LBI to LBO Delay
Note 1:
VOL
V+ = 5.0V, ISINK = 1mA
Overdrive = 5mV
0.4
2.5
V
µs
See Typical Operating Characteristics for output current capability versus input voltage. Guarantees based on correlation
to switching on and off times, on-resistance, and peak-current ratings.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3
MAX761/MAX762
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
__________________________________________Typical Operating Characteristics
(Circuit of Figure 2, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
80
40
30
60
50
40
30
20
20
VOUT = 12V
10
1000
100
250
200
150
NON-BOOTSTRAPPED
100
VOUT = 12V
50
10
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
1000
100
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
REFERENCE OUTPUT RESISTANCE vs.
TEMPERATURE
REFERENCE vs.TEMPERATURE
COEFFICIENT
1.506
MAX761-05
MAX761-04
BOOTSTRAPPED
300
1
250
REFERENCE OUTPUT RESISTANCE (Ω)
400
350
200
10µA
150
100
50µA
100µA
50
1.504
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
1.502
1.500
1.498
1.496
1.494
1.492
0
-60 -40 -20
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
NO-LOAD START-UP VOLTAGE
MAX761
START-UP VOLTAGE vs. RLOAD
LX ON-RESISTANCE vs.
TEMPERATURE
2.5
NON-BOOTSTRAPPED
(EXTERNAL RESISTORS)
2.0
1.5
BOOTSTRAPPED
(INTERNAL RESISTORS)
1.6
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
MAX761-09
VOUT = 12V
BOOTSTRAPPED
INTERNAL RESISTORS
2.1
1.4
LX ON-RESISTANCE (Ω)
BOOTSTRAPPED
(EXTERNAL RESISTORS)
3.0
2.2
MAX761-08
VOUT = 12V
START-UP VOLTAGE (V)
3.5
MAX761-07
3.0
NON-BOOTSTRAPPED
0
0.1
MAXIMUM OUTPUT CURRENT vs.
INPUT VOLTAGE
MAXIMUM OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
0.50
0.25
REFERENCE OUTPUT (V)
10
1
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
1.0
0.75
0
0.1
BOOTSTRAPPED
(EXTERNAL RESISTORS)
1.00
VOUT = 12V
10
0
1.50
1.25
MAX761-06
EFFICIENCY (%)
VIN = 2V
50
VIN = 5V
70
VOUT = 12V
BOOTSTRAPPED
(INTERNAL RESISTORS)
1.75
QUIESCENT CURRENT (mA)
VIN = 5V
70
60
VIN = 10V
90
2.00
MAX761-02
VIN = 10V
80
EFFICIENCY (%)
100
MAX761-01
100
90
QUIESCENT CURRENT vs.
INPUT VOLTAGE
EFFICIENCY vs. OUTPUT CURRENT
NON-BOOTSTRAPPED
MAX761-03
EFFICIENCY vs. OUTPUT CURRENT
BOOTSTRAPPED
NO-LOAD START-UP VOLTAGE (V)
MAX761/MAX762
12V/15V or Adjustable, High-Efficiency,
Low IQ, Step-Up DC-DC Converters
V+ = 5V
1.2
1.0
0.8
V+ = 12V
1.5
0.6
1.4
0.5
-60 -40 -20
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
TEMPERATURE (°C)
4
0.4
1.3
0.1
1
10
RLOAD (kΩ)
100
1000
-60 -40 -20
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
TEMPERATURE (°C)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
12V/15V or Adjustable, High-Efficiency,
Low IQ, Step-Up DC-DC Converters
PEAK CURRENT AT LX vs. TEMPERATURE
1.4
1.3
3.5
V+ = 12V
3.0
1.2
10
1
1.1
V+ = 5V
1.0
2.5
ICC (µA)
IPEAK (A)
0.9
2.0
V+ = 8V
0.8
0.1
0.01
20
40
60
80
100 120
TEMPERATURE (°C)
0.6
0.5
0.5
0
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
140
SWITCH-ON TIME vs. TEMPERATURE
V+ = 4V
-60 -40 -20
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
TEMPERATURE (°C)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
SWITCH-OFF TIME vs. TEMPERATURE
POWER-SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATURE
2.0
MAX761-13
8.5
1.0
0.7
VLX = 16.5V
V+ = 15V
1.5
100
MAX761-14
LX LEAKAGE (nA)
100
4.0
MAX761-12
V+ = 15V
MAX761-11
1.5
MAX761-10
1000
SHUTDOWN CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX761-15
LX LEAKAGE vs. TEMPERATURE
V+ = 16.5V
V+ = 5V
V+ = 5V
ICC (µA)
toff (µs)
8.0
1.5
1.0
7.5
60
0
80
-60
120
90
0
60
120
-60
TEMPERATURE (°C)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
SWITCH-ON/SWITCH-OFF TIME RATIO
vs.TEMPERATURE
7
60
0
120
TEMPERATURE (°C)
SHDN RESPONSE TIME
MAX761-16
-60
ton/toff RATIO (µs/µs)
ton (µs)
V+ = 3V
12V
V+ = 5V
6
5V
4V
0V
5
-60
0
60
TEMPERATURE (°C)
2ms/div
120
ILOAD = 100mA, VIN = 5V
A: VOUT, 2V/div
B: SHDN (0V to 4V)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5
MAX761/MAX762
____________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(Circuit of Figure 2, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
MAX761/MAX762
12V/15V or Adjustable, High-Efficiency,
Low IQ, Step-Up DC-DC Converters
_____________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(Circuit of Figure 2, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
LOAD–TRANSIENT RESPONSE
LINE–TRANSIENT RESPONSE
200mA
6V
A
A
0mA
4V
B
B
5µs/div
5ms/div
A: ILOAD, (0mA to 200mA)
B: VOUT , AC COUPLED, 100mV/div
VIN = 5V, VOUT = 12V
A: VIN (4V to 6V)
B: VOUT, AC COUPLED, 20mV/div
IOUT = 50mA, VOUT = 12V
______________________________________________________________Pin Description
6
PIN
NAME
FUNCTION
1
LBO
Low-battery output is an open-drain output that goes low when LBI is less than 1.5V.
Connect to V+ through a pull-up resistor. Leave LBO floating if not used.
2
LBI
Input to the internal low-battery comparator. Tie to GND or V+ if not used.
3
FB
Feedback input. For fixed-output bootstrapped operation, connect FB to GND. For
adjustable-output bootstrapped operation, connect a resistor divider between V+, FB and
GND. For non-bootstrapped operation, there is no fixed-output option. Connect a resistor
divider network between VOUT, FB and GND. See Bootstrapped/Non-Bootstrapped
Modes section.
4
SHDN
5
REF
1.5V reference output that can source 100µA for external loads. Bypass with 0.1µF
or larger capacitor.
6
GND
Ground
7
LX
Drain of the internal N-channel FET. LX has an output resistance of 1Ω and a peak current
limit of 1A.
8
V+
Power-supply input. In bootstrapped mode, V+ is also the output voltage sense input.
Active-high TTL/CMOS logic-level input. In shutdown mode (SHDN = V+), the internal
switch is turned off and the output voltage equals V+ minus a diode drop (due to the DC
path from the input to the output). Tie to GND for normal operation.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
12V/15V or Adjustable, High-Efficiency,
Low IQ, Step-Up DC-DC Converters
V+
MAX761/MAX762
LBO
FB
DUAL-MODE
COMPARATOR
LBI
MAX761
MAX762
N
LBI
ERROR
COMPARATOR
100mV
REF
V+
1.5V
REFERENCE
Q
TRIG
ONE-SHOT
N
Q
S
R
Q
TRIG
ONE-SHOT
LOW INPUT
VOLTAGE
OSCILLATOR
UNDER VOLTAGE
COMPARATOR
2.5V
LX
CURRENT
COMPARATOR
N
0.2V
0.1V
CURRENT CONTROL
CIRCUITRY
GND
Figure 1. Simple Block Diagram
________________Detailed Description
Operating Principle
The MAX761/MAX762 BiCMOS step-up switch-mode
power supplies provide fixed outputs of 12V and 15V,
respectively. They have a unique control scheme that
combines the advantages of pulse-frequency modulation
(low supply current) and pulse-width modulation (high
efficiency at high loads). The internal N-channel power
MOSFET allows 1A peak currents, increasing the output
current capability over previous pulse-frequency-modulation (PFM) devices. Figure 1 shows the MAX761/
MAX762 block diagram.
The MAX761/MAX762 offer three main improvements
over prior solutions: (1) the converters operate with tiny
surface-mount inductors (less than 5mm diameter)
because of their 300kHz switching frequency, (2) the
current-limited PFM control scheme allows 86% efficiencies over a wide range of load currents, and (3) the maximum supply current is only 110µA.
Bootstrapped/Non-Bootstrapped Modes
Figures 2 and 3 show the standard application circuits
for bootstrapped and non-bootstrapped modes. In bootstrapped mode, the IC is powered from the output
(VOUT). In other words, the current needed to power the
bootstrapped circuit is different from the V+ current the
chip consumes. The voltage applied to the gate of the
internal N-channel FET is switched from VOUT to ground,
providing more switch-gate drive and increasing the efficiency of the DC-DC converter compared with non-bootstrapped operation.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
7
MAX761/MAX762
12V/15V or Adjustable, High-Efficiency,
Low IQ, Step-Up DC-DC Converters
L1
18µH
VIN =
+5V
D1
1N5817
+12V at
150mA
C1
33µF
L1
18µH
VIN
D1
1N5817
C4
C4
33µF
R2 = R1
7
5
C3
0.1µF
4
R4
2
8
REF
C1
R4
MAX761
V+
3
2
C2
0.1µF
5
100k
LBI
FB
LBO
V+
6
4
LOW-BATTERY
OUTPUT
LOW-BATTERY
DETECT
VTRIP - VREF
R4 = R3
VREF
VREF = 1.5V NOMINAL
C1 = 33µF
C2 = 0.1µF
C3 = 0.1µF
C4 = 33µF
(
Figure 2. Bootstrapped Operating Circuit
In non-bootstrapped mode, the IC is powered from the
supply voltage, VIN, and operates with minimum supply
current. Since the voltage applied to the gate of the internal FET is reduced, efficiency declines with low input
voltages. Note: In non-bootstrapped mode, there is no
fixed-output operation; external resistors must be
used to set the output voltage. Use 1% external feedback resistors when operating in non-bootstrapped
mode (Figure 3).
Use bootstrapped mode when VIN is below approximately 4V. For VIN between 4V and 6V, the trade-off is
lower supply current in non-bootstrapped mode versus
higher output current in bootstrapped mode (see
Typical Operating Characteristics).
Pulse-Frequency Modulation
(PFM) Control Scheme
The MAX761/MAX762 use a proprietary current-limited
PFM control scheme. This control scheme combines
the ultra-low supply current of pulse-skipping PFM converters with the high full-load efficiency characteristic of
current-mode pulse-width-modulation (PWM) converters. It allows the devices to achieve high efficiency over
a wide range of loads, while the current-sense function
and high operating frequency allow the use of tiny
external components.
As with traditional PFM converters, the internal power
MOSFET is turned on when the voltage comparator
senses the output is out of regulation (Figure 1).
However, unlike traditional PFM converters, switching is
accomplished through the combination of a peak cur-
R2
MAX761
MAX762
FB
3
100k
LBI
R1
REF
C3
1
GND
8
C2
LX
8
R3
R3
( VVOUT
-1)
REF
7
LX
SHDN
ADJUSTABLE
OUTPUT (VOUT)
SHDN
LBO
1
GND
)
6
LOW-BATTERY
DETECT OUTPUT
Figure 3. Non-Bootstrapped Operating Circuit
rent limit and a pair of one-shots that set the maximum
on-time (8µs) and minimum off-time (1.3µs) for the
switch. Once off, the minimum off-time one-shot holds
the switch off for 1.3µs. After this minimum time, the
switch either (1) stays off if the output is in regulation, or
(2) turns on again if the output is out of regulation.
The MAX761/MAX762 also limit the peak inductor current, allowing the devices to run in continuous-conduction mode (CCM) and maintain high efficiency with
heavy loads (Figure 4a). This current-limiting feature is
a key component of the control circuitry. Once turned
on, the switch stays on until either (1) the maximum ontime one-shot turns it off (8µs later), or (2) the current
limit is reached.
To increase light-load efficiency, the current limit for the
first two pulses is set to half the peak current limit. If
those pulses bring the output voltage into regulation,
the voltage comparator holds the MOSFET off, and the
current limit remains at half the peak current limit. If the
output voltage is still out of regulation after two pulses,
the current limit for the next pulse is raised to the full
current limit of 1A (Figure 4b).
Internal vs. External Resistors
When external feedback resistors are used, an internal
undervoltage lockout system prevents start-up until V+
rises to about 2.7V. When external feedback resistors are
_______________________________________________________________________________________
12V/15V or Adjustable, High-Efficiency,
Low IQ, Step-Up DC-DC Converters
1A
500mA
500mA
MAX761/MAX762
1A
0A
Figure 4a. CCM, Heavy Load Current Waveform (500mA/div)
Figure 4b. Light/Medium Load Current Waveform (500mA/div)
used in a bootstrapped circuit (Figure 5), undervoltage
lockout prevents start-up at low input voltages; but
once started, operation can continue down to a lower
voltage that depends on the load.
There is no undervoltage lockout when the internal feedback resistors are used (Figure 2), and special circuitry
guarantees start-up at 2.0V. The start-up circuitry fixes
the duty cycle at 50% until V+ is driven to 2.5V, above
which the normal control system takes over.
ringing (the inductor's self-resonant frequency). This
ringing is normal and poses no operational problems.
Shutdown Mode
The MAX761/MAX762 enter shutdown mode when
SHDN is high. In this mode, the internal biasing circuitry
is turned off (including the reference) and VOUT equals
V+ minus a diode drop (due to the DC path from the
input to the output). In shutdown mode, the supply current drops to less than 5µA. SHDN is a TTL/CMOS logic
level input. Connect SHDN to GND for normal operation.
LBO is high impedance during shutdown.
Modes of Operation
When delivering high output currents, the MAX761/
MAX762 operate in CCM. In this mode, current always
flows in the inductor, and the control circuit adjusts the
switch’s duty cycle on a cycle-by-cycle basis to maintain
regulation without exceeding the switch-current capability. This provides excellent load-transient response and
high efficiency.
In discontinuous-conduction mode (DCM), current
through the inductor starts at zero, rises to a peak value,
then ramps down to zero on each cycle. Although efficiency is still excellent, the switch waveforms contain
Low-Battery Detector
The MAX761/MAX762 provide a low-battery comparator
that compares the voltage on LBI to the 1.5V reference
voltage. When the LBI voltage is below VREF, LBO (an
open-drain output) goes low. The low-battery comparator’s 20mV of hysteresis adds noise immunity, preventing repeated triggering of LBO. Use a resistor-divider
network between V+, LBI, and GND to set the desired
trip voltage VTRIP (Figure 3). When SHDN is high, LBI is
ignored and LBO is high impedance. The value of
resistor R3 should be no larger than 500kΩ to ensure
the LBI leakage current does not cause inaccuracies in
VTRIP.
__________________Design Procedure
Setting the Output Voltage
The MAX761/MAX762’s output voltage can be adjusted
from 5V to 16.5V using external resistors R1 and R2
configured as shown in Figures 3 and 5. For adjustableoutput operation, select feedback resistor R1 in the
10kΩ to 250kΩ range. Higher R1 values within this
range give lowest supply current and best light-load
efficiency. R2 is given by:
R2 = (R1)( VOUT - 1)
VREF
where VREF = 1.5V.
Note: Tie FB to GND for fixed-output operation
(bootstrapped mode only).
_______________________________________________________________________________________
9
MAX761/MAX762
12V/15V or Adjustable, High-Efficiency,
Low IQ, Step-Up DC-DC Converters
D1
1N5817
L1
18µH
VIN
C1
VOUT
C4
7
LX
5
REF
MAX761
MAX762
V+
8
C2
C3
2
4
R2
LBI
FB
SHDN
Diode Selection
GND
C1 = 33µF
C2 = 0.1µF
C3 = 0.1µF
C4 = 33µF
3
R1
6
VREF = 1.5V NOMINAL
R2 = R1
( VVOUT
-1)
REF
Figure 5. Bootstrapped Operation with Adjustable Output
Selecting the Inductor (L)
In both CCM and DCM, practical inductor values range
from 10µH to 50µH. If the inductor value is too low, the
current in the coil will ramp up to a high level before the
current-limit comparator can turn off the switch. The minimum on-time for the switch (tON(min)) is approximately
2.5µs, so select an inductance that allows the current to
ramp up to ILIM/2 in no less than 2.5µs. Choosing a value
of ILIM/2 allows the half-size pulses to occur, giving higher light-load efficiency and minimizing ripple. Hence, calculate the minimum inductance value as:
L ≥ (VIN(max))(tON(min))
ILIM/2
OR
L ≥ (VIN(max))(5)
where VIN(max) is in volts and L is in microhenries.
The coil’s inductance need not satisfy this criterion
exactly, as the circuit can tolerate a wide range of values. Larger inductance values tend to produce physically larger coils and increase the start-up time, but are otherwise acceptable. Smaller inductance values allow the
coil current to ramp up to higher levels before the switch
can turn off, producing higher ripple at light loads. In
general, an 18µH inductor is sufficient for most applications (VIN ≤ 5V). An 18µH inductor is appropriate for
input voltages up to 3.6V, as calculated above. However,
the same 18µH coil can be used with input voltages up
to 5V with only small increases in peak current, as shown
in Figures 4a and 4b.
10
Inductors with a ferrite core or equivalent are recommended. The inductor’s incremental saturation-current
rating should be greater than the 1A peak current limit. It
is generally acceptable to bias the inductor into saturation by approximately 20% (the point where the inductance is 20% below the nominal value). For highest efficiency, use a coil with low DC resistance, preferably
under 100mΩ. To minimize radiated noise, use a toroid,
a pot core, or a shielded coil.
Table 1 lists inductor types and suppliers for various
applications. The listed surface-mount inductors’ efficiencies are nearly equivalent to those of the larger throughhole inductors.
The MAX761/MAX762’s high switching frequency
demands a high-speed rectifier. Use a Schottky diode
with a 1A average current rating, such as a 1N5817. For
high-temperature applications, use a high-speed silicon
diode, such as the MUR105 or the EC11FS1. These
diodes have lower high-temperature leakage than
Schottky diodes (Table 1).
Capacitor Selection
Output Filter Capacitor
The primary criterion for selecting the output filter capacitor (C4) is low effective series resistance (ESR). The
product of the inductor current variation and the output
filter capacitor’s ESR determines the amplitude of the
high-frequency ripple seen on the output voltage. A
33µF, 16V Sanyo OS-CON capacitor with 100mΩ ESR
typically provides 100mV ripple when stepping up from
5V to 12V at 150mA.
Because the output filter capacitor’s ESR affects efficiency, use low-ESR capacitors for best performance. The
smallest low-ESR SMT tantalum capacitors currently
available are the Sprague 595D series. Sanyo OS-CON
organic semiconductor through-hole capacitors and
Nichicon PL series also exhibit very low ESR. Table 1
lists some suppliers of low-ESR capacitors.
Input Bypass Capacitors
The input bypass capacitor, C1, reduces peak currents
drawn from the voltage source, and also reduces noise
at the voltage source caused by the MAX761/MAX762’s
switching action. The input voltage source impedance
determines the size of the capacitor required at the V+
input. As with the output filter capacitor, a low-ESR
capacitor is recommended. For output currents up to
250mA, 33µF (C1) is adequate, although smaller bypass
capacitors may also be acceptable. Bypass the IC separately with a 0.1µF ceramic capacitor, C2, placed close
to the V+ and GND pins.
______________________________________________________________________________________
12V/15V or Adjustable, High-Efficiency,
Low IQ, Step-Up DC-DC Converters
Connect a pull-up resistor (e.g., 100kΩ) between LBO
and VOUT. Tie LBI to GND or V+ and leave LBO floating
if the low-battery detector is not used.
Setting the Low-Battery Detector Voltage
___________Applications Information
To set the low-battery detector’s falling trip voltage
(VTRIP), select R3 between 10kΩ and 500kΩ (Figures 2
and 3), and calculate R4 as follows:
(VTRIP - VREF)
R4 = R3 [
]
VREF
where VREF = 1.5V.
The rising trip voltage is higher because of the comparator’s hysteresis of approximately 20mV, and can be calculated by:
VTRIP(rising) = (VREF + 20mV)(1 + R4/R3).
Connect a high-value resistor (larger than R3 + R4)
between LBI and LBO if additional hysteresis is required.
Layout Considerations
Proper PC board layout is essential because of high current levels and fast switching waveforms that radiate
noise. Minimize ground noise by connecting GND, the
input bypass-capacitor ground lead, and the output filtercapacitor ground lead to a single point (star ground configuration). Also minimize lead lengths to reduce stray
capacitance, trace resistance, and radiated noise. The
traces connected to FB and LX, in particular, must be
short. Place bypass capacitor C2 as close as possible to
V+ and GND.
Table 1. Component Suppliers
PRODUCTION METHOD
INDUCTORS
Sumida
CD54-180 (22µH)
Surface Mount
CAPACITORS
Matsuo
267 series
DIODES
Nihon
EC10 series
Coiltronics
CTX 100-series
Miniature Through-Hole
Low-Cost Through-Hole
Sumida
RCH855-180M
Renco
RL 1284-18
Sanyo
OS-CON series
Low-ESR organic
semiconductor
Nichicon
PL series
Low-ESR electrolytics
Motorola
1N5817,
MUR105
United Chemi-Con
LXF series
Coiltronics
Matsuo
Matsuo
Nichicon
Nihon
Renco
Sanyo
Sanyo
Sumida
Sumida
United Chem-Con
(USA)
(USA)
(Japan)
(USA)
(USA)
(USA)
(USA)
(Japan)
(USA)
(Japan)
(USA)
(407) 241-7876
(714) 969-2491
81-6-337-6450
(708) 843-7500
(805) 867-2555
(516) 586-5566
(619) 661-6835
(0720) 70-1005
(708) 956-0666
81-3-607-5111
(714) 255-9500
FAX (407) 241-9339
FAX (714) 960-6492
FAX 81-6-337-6456
FAX (708) 843-2798
FAX (805) 867-2556
FAX (516) 586-5562
FAX (619) 661-1055
FAX (0720) 70-1174
FAX 81-3-607-5144
FAX (714) 255-9400
______________________________________________________________________________________
11
MAX761/MAX762
Reference Capacitor
Bypass REF with a 0.1µF capacitor. REF can source up
to 100µA.
MAX761/MAX762
12V/15V or Adjustable, High-Efficiency,
Low IQ, Step-Up DC-DC Converters
___________________Chip Topography
LBO
V+
LX
LBI
0.142"
(3.607mm)
FB
GND
REF
SHDN
0.080"
(2.030mm)
TRANSISTOR COUNT: 492;
SUBSTRATE CONNECTED TO V+.
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
12 __________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 (408) 737-7600
© 1993 Maxim Integrated Products
Printed USA
is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.