MIC37150/51/52/53 1.5A, Low Voltage µCap LDO Regulator General Description Features The Micrel MIC37150/51/52/53 is a 1.5A low-dropout linear voltage regulator that provides a low voltage, high current output with a minimum of external components. It offers high precision, ultra-low dropout (500mV over temperature), and low ground current. The MIC37150/51/52/53 operates from an input of 2.25V to 6.0V. It is designed to drive digital circuits requiring low voltage at high currents (i.e., PLDs, DSPs, microcontrollers, etc.). It is available in fixed and adjustable output voltages. Fixed voltages include 1.5V, 1.65V, 1.8V, 2.5V and 3.3V. The adjustable version is capable of supplying output voltages from 1.24V to 5.5V. Features of the MIC37150/51/52/53 LDO include thermal and current limit protection, and reverse current and reverse battery protection. Logic enable and error flag pins are available. Junction temperature range of the MIC37150/51/52/53 is from –40°C to +125°C. For applications requiring input voltage greater than 6.0V, see MIC3910x, MIC3915x, MIC3930x, and MIC3950x LDOs. Data sheets and support documentation can be found on Micrel’s web site at www.micrel.com. • 1.5A minimum guaranteed output current • 500mV maximum dropout voltage over temperature – Ideal for 3.0V to 2.5V conversion – Ideal for 2.5V to 1.8V, 1.65V, or 1.5V conversion • Stable with ceramic or tantalum capacitor • Wide input voltage range – VIN: 2.25V to 6.0V • ±1.0% initial output tolerance • Fixed and adjustable output voltages – MIC37150—3-pin fixed voltages – MIC37151—5-pin S-Pak or 8-pin e-Pad SOIC fixed voltages with flag – MIC37152—5-pin adjustable voltage – MIC37153—8-pin adjustable voltage with flag • Excellent line and load regulation specifications • Logic controlled shutdown • Thermal shutdown and current limit protection • Reverse-leakage protection • Low profile 3 or 5-pin S-Pak packages or 8-pin e-Pad SOIC Applications • • • • • LDO linear regulator for low-voltage digital IC PC add-in cards High efficiency linear power supplies SMPS post regulator Battery charger Typical Application MIC37151 VIN = 3.0V VIN VOUT = 2.5V VOUT CIN 100k VEN FLG GND Fixed 2.5V Regulator with Error Flag COUT 47µF, Ceramic VIN CIN MIC37152 VIN 1.3V VOUT R1 VEN ADJ GND COUT 47µF, Ceramic R2 Adjustable Regulator Super ßeta PNP is a trademark of Micrel, Inc. Micrel Inc. • 2180 Fortune Drive • San Jose, CA 95131 • USA • tel +1 (408) 944-0800 • fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 • http://www.micrel.com October 2007 M9999-101907 Micrel, Inc. MIC37150/51/52/53 Ordering Information Part Number Standard RoHS Compliant* / Pb-free Output Current Voltage Junction Temp. Range Package MIC37150-1.5BR MIC37150-1.5WR* 1.5A 1.5V –40° to +125°C S-PAK-3 MIC37150-1.65BR MIC37150-1.65WR* 1.5A 1.65V –40° to +125°C S-PAK-3 MIC37150-1.8BR MIC37150-1.8WR* 1.5A 1.8V –40° to +125°C S-PAK-3 MIC37150-2.5BR MIC37150-2.5WR* 1.5A 2.5V –40° to +125°C S-PAK-3 MIC37150-3.3BR MIC37150-3.3WR* 1.5A 3.3V –40° to +125°C S-PAK-3 MIC37151-1.5BR MIC37151-1.5WR* 1.5A 1.5V –40° to +125°C S-PAK-5 MIC37151-1.5YME* 1.5A 1.5V –40° to +125°C e-Pad SOIC-8 MIC37151-1.65WR* 1.5A 1.65V –40° to +125°C S-PAK-5 MIC37151-1.8YME* 1.5A 1.8V –40° to +125°C e- Pad SOIC-8 MIC37151-1.8WR* 1.5A 1.8V –40° to +125°C S-PAK-5 MIC37151-2.5YME** 1.5A 2.5V –40° to +125°C e-Pad SOIC-8 MIC37151-2.5BR MIC37151-2.5WR* 1.5A 2.5V –40° to +125°C S-PAK-5 MIC37151-3.3BR MIC37151-3.3WR* 1.5A 3.3V –40° to +125°C S-PAK-5 MIC37152BR MIC37152WR* 1.5A ADJ –40° to +125°C S-PAK-5 MIC37152YM 1.5A ADJ –40° to +125°C SOIC-8 MIC37153YME** 1.5A ADJ –40° to +125°C e-Pad SOIC-8 MIC37151-1.65BR MIC37151-1.8BR * RoHS compliant with ‘high-melting solder’ exemption. ** Contact factory for availablity. October 2007 2 M9999-101907 Micrel, Inc. MIC37150/51/52/53 3 VOUT 2 GND 1 VIN 5 4 3 2 1 TAB TAB Pin Configuration S-PAK-3 (R) FLG/ADJ VOUT GND VIN EN S-PAK-5 (R) EN 1 8 GND GND 1 VIN 2 7 GND EN 2 7 VOUT/ADJ VOUT 3 6 GND VIN 3 6 VOUT ADJ 4 5 GND NC 4 5 NC SOIC-8 (M) 8 FLG e-Pad SOIC-8 (ME) Pin Description Pin Number S-PAK-3 Pin Number Pin Number Pin Number S-PAK-5 SOIC-8 e-Pad SOIC-8 – 1 1 2 EN Enable (Input): CMOS compatible input. Logic high = enable, logic low = shutdown. 1 2 2 3 VIN Input voltage which supplies current to the output power device. 2 3 5, 6, 7, 8 1 GND Ground (TAB is connected to ground on S-Pak) 3 4 3 VOUT Regulator Output – 5 – 8 FLG Error Flag (Output): Open collector output. Active low indicates an output fault condition. 4 7 ADJ Adjustable regulator feedback input. Connect to resistor voltage divider. – 4, 5 NC Not internally connected. – October 2007 – Pin Name 6, 7 (Fixed) 6 (Adj) 3 Pin Name M9999-101907 Micrel, Inc. MIC37150/51/52/53 Absolute Maximum Ratings(1) Operating Ratings(2) Supply Voltage (VIN) ......................................................6.5V Enable Input Voltage (VEN)............................................6.5V Power Dissipation .....................................Internally Limited Junction Temperature .........................–40°C ≤ TJ ≤ +125°C Storage Temperature (Ts) ...................–65°C ≤ TJ ≤ +150°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 5sec.)......................... 260°C EDS Rating................................................................ Note 3 Supply voltage (VIN) ....................................... 2.25V to 6.0V Enable Input Voltage (VEN).................................. 0V to 6.0V Junction Temperature Range .............–40°C ≤ TJ ≤ +125°C Maximum Power Dissipation..................................... Note 4 Package Thermal Resistance S-Pak (θJC) ..........................................................2°C/W Power SOIC-8 (θJA) ...........................................63°C/W e-Pad SOIC-8 (θJC)............................................10°C/W Electrical Characteristics(5) TA = 25°C with VIN = VOUT + 1V; VEN = VIN; bold values indicate –40°C < TJ < +125°C, unless otherwise noted. Parameter Output Voltage Accuracy Condition Min Typ Max Units IL = 10mA –1 +1 % 10mA < IOUT < IL(max), VOUT + 1 ≤ VIN ≤ 6V –2 +2 % 0.5 % Output Voltage Line Regulation VIN = VOUT +1.0V to 6.0V 0.06 Output Voltage Load Regulation IL = 10mA to 1.5A 0.2 VIN – VOUT; Dropout Voltage, Note 6 Ground Pin Current, Note 7 IL = 1.5A Ground Pin Current in Shutdown VIL ≤ 0.5V, VIN = VOUT + 1V 1.0 Current Limit VOUT = 0 2.25 4.0 A Start-up Time VEN = VIN, IOUT = 10mA, COUT = 22µF 170 500 µs 1 % IL = 750mA 350 mV IL = 1.5A 500 mV 30 mA 17 µA Enable Input Enable Input Threshold Regulator enable V 2.25 Regulator shutdown Enable Pin Input Current VIL ≤ 0.8V (regulator shutdown) VIH ≥ 2.25V (regulator enabled) 1 15 0.8 V 2 4 µA µA 30 75 µA µA 1 2 µA µA 300 400 mV mV Flag Output IFLG(LEAK) VOH = 6V VFLG(LO) VIN = 2.25V, IOL = 250µA, Note 8 VFLG Low threshold, % of VOUT below nominal 210 93 Hysteresis % 2 High threshold, % of VOUT below nominal Reference Voltage 1.228 Note 9 Reference Voltage Temp. Coefficient 1.240 1.215 Note 10 % 1.252 V 1.265 40 Adjust Pin Bias Current Temp. Coefficient 0.1 4 V ppm/°C 20 Adjust Pin Bias Current October 2007 % 99.2 80 120 nA nA nA/°C M9999-101907 Micrel, Inc. MIC37150/51/52/53 Notes: 1. Exceeding the absolute maximum rating may damage the device. 2. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating rating. 3. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precautions recommended. 4. PD(MAX) = (TJ(MAX) – TA) / θJA, where θJA, depends upon the printed circuit layout. See “Applications Information.” 5. Specification for packaged product only. 6. VDO = VIN – VOUT when VOUT decreased to 98% of its nominal output voltage with VIN = VOUT +1V. For output voltages below 1.75V, dropout voltage specification does not apply due to a minimum input operating voltage of 2.25V. 7. IIN is the quiescent current. IIN = IIN + IOUT. 8. For a 2.5V device, VIN = 2.250V (device is in dropout). 9. VREF ≤ VOUT ≤ (VIN –1.0V), 2.25V ≤ VIN ≤ 6.0V, 10mA ≤ IL ≤ 1.5A, TJ = TMAX. 10. Thermal regulation is defined as the change in output voltage at a time t after a change in power dissipation is applied, excluding load or line regulation effects. Specifications are for a 200mA load pulse at VIN = 6V for t = 10ms. October 2007 5 M9999-101907 Micrel, Inc. MIC37150/51/52/53 Typical Characteristics Power Supply Rejection Ratio 80 VIN = 3.3V VOUT = 2.5V PSRR (dB) 60 40 20 IOUT = 1.5A COUT = 10µF CIN = 0 0 1E-2 1E+1 1 10 1E+2 1k 0.01 1E-1 100 1E+3 0.1 1E+0 FREQUENCY (Hz) GROUND CURRENT (mA) 45 GROUND CURRENT (mA) 6 VOUT = 2.5V 40 35 30 25 20 15 1500mA 10 1000mA 5 0 0 7 Ground Current vs. Supply Voltage 750mA 1 2 3 4 5 6 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) Ground Current vs. Temperature GROUND CURRENT (mA) DROPOUT VOLTAGE (mV) Dropout Voltage vs. Temperature 500 450 400 2.5VOUT 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE °C) ( 0.5 VOUT = 2.5V 0.445 ILOAD = 10mA 0.44 0.435 0.43 0.4 0.42 0.415 0.41 0.405 0.4 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE °C) ( Ground Current vs. Temperature VOUT = 2.5V ILOAD = 750mA 5.0 4 3 2 1 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE °C) ( October 2007 6 M9999-101907 Micrel, Inc. 5 4 Error Flag Pull-Up Resistor 250 VIN = 5V FLAG HIGH (OK) 3 2 FLAG LOW (FAULT) 1 0 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 100010000 RESISTANCE (k ) October 2007 FLAG VOLTAGE (mV) FLAG VOLTAGE (V) 6 MIC37150/51/52/53 Flag-Low Voltage vs. Temperature 200 150 100 50 V = 2.25V IN RPULL-UP = 22k 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE °C) ( 7 M9999-101907 Micrel, Inc. MIC37150/51/52/53 Functional Characteristics VOUT = 2.5V COUT = 10µF 5V INPUT VOLTAGE (2V/div.) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (20mV/div.) Line Transient Response 3.3V TIME (250µs/div.) October 2007 8 M9999-101907 Micrel, Inc. MIC37150/51/52/53 ßeta PNP™ regulators allow significant reductions in regulator power dissipation and the associated heat sink without compromising performance. When this technique is employed, a capacitor of at least 1.0µF is needed directly between the input and regulator ground. Refer to “Application Note 9” for further details and examples on thermal design and heat sink applications. Application Information The MIC37150/51/52/53 is a high-performance lowdropout voltage regulator suitable for moderate to highcurrent regulator applications. Its 500mV dropout voltage at full load and over-temperature makes it especially valuable in battery-powered systems and as highefficiency noise filters in post-regulator applications. Unlike older NPN-pass transistor designs, there the minimum dropout voltage is limited by the based-toemitter voltage drop and collector-to-emitter saturation voltage, dropout performance of the PNP output of these devices is limited only by the low VCE saturation voltage. A trade-off for the low dropout voltage is a varying base drive requirement. Micrel’s Super ßeta PNP™ process reduces this drive requirement to only 2% to 5% of the load current. The MIC37150/51/52/53 regulator is fully protected from damage due to fault conditions. Current limiting is provided. This limiting is linear; output current during overload conditions is constant. Thermal shutdown disables the device when the die temperature exceeds the maximum safe operating temperature. Transient protection allows device (and load) survival even when the input voltage spikes above and below nominal. The output structure of these regulators allows voltages in excess of the desired output voltage to be applied without reverse current flow. Output Capacitor The MIC37150/51/52/53 requires an output capacitor for stable operation. As a µCap LDO, the MIC37150/51/52/53 can operate with ceramic output capacitors as long as the amount of capacitance is 47µF or greater. For values of output capacitance lower than 47µF, the recommended ESR range is 200mΩ to 2Ω. The minimum value of output capacitance recommended for the MIC37151 is 10µF. For 47µF or greater, the ESR range recommended is less than 1Ω. Ultra-low ESR ceramic capacitors are recommended for output capacitance of 47µF or greater to help improve transient response and noise reduction at high frequency. X7R/X5R dielectric-type ceramic capacitors are recommended because of their temperature performance. X7R-type capacitors change capacitance by 15% over their operating temperature range and are the most stable type of ceramic capacitors. Z5U and Y5V dielectric capacitors change value by as much as 50% and 60% respectively over their operating temperature ranges. To use a ceramic chip capacitor with Y5V dielectric, the value must be much higher than an X7R ceramic capacitor to ensure the same minimum capacitance over the equivalent operating temperature range. The MIC37150/51/52/53 has excellent transient response to variations in input voltage and load current. The device has been designed to respond quickly to load current variations and input voltage variations. Large output capacitors are not required to obtain this performance. A standard 47µF output capacitor, is all that is required. Larger values help to improve performance even further. Thermal Design Linear regulators are simple to use. The most complicated design parameters to consider are thermal characteristics. Thermal design requires the following application-specific parameters: • Maximum ambient temperature (TA) • Output current (IOUT) • Output voltage (VOUT) • Input voltage (VIN) • Ground current (IGND) First, calculate the power dissipation of the regulator from these numbers and the device parameters from this datasheet. PD = (VIN – VOUT) IOUT + VIN IGND Where the ground current is approximated by using numbers from the “Electrical Characteristics” or “Typical Characteristics.” Then, the heat sink thermal resistance is determined with this formula: θSA = ((TJ(MAX) – TA)/ PD) – (θJC + θCS) Where TJ(MAX) ≤ 125°C and θCS is between 0°C and 2°C/W. The heat sink may be significantly reduced in applications where the minimum input voltage is known and is large compared with the dropout voltage. Use a series input resistor to drop excessive voltage and distribute the heat between this resistor and the regulator. The low dropout properties of Micrel Super October 2007 Input Capacitor An input capacitor of 1.0µF or greater is recommended when the device is more than 4 inches away from the bulk and supply capacitance, or when the supply is a battery. Small, surface-mount chip capacitors can be used for the bypassing. The capacitor should be place within 1” of the device for optimal performance. Larger values will help to improve ripple rejection by bypassing the input to the regulator, further improving the integrity of the output voltage. Transient Response and 3.3V to 2.5V, 2.5V to 1.8V or 1.65V, or 2.5V to 1.5V Conversions The MIC37150/51/52/53 has excellent transient response to variations in input voltage and load current. The device has been designed to respond quickly to 9 M9999-101907 Micrel, Inc. MIC37150/51/52/53 load current variations and input voltage variations. Large output capacitors are not required to obtain this performance. A standard 10µF output capacitor, preferably tantalum, is all that is required. Larger values help to improve performance even further. By virtue of its low dropout voltage, this device does not saturate into dropout as readily as similar NPN-based designs. When converting from 3.3V to 2.5V, 2.5V to 1.8V or 1.65V, or 2.5V to 1.5V, the NPN-based regulators are already operating in dropout, with typical dropout requirements of 1.2V or greater. To convert down to 2.5V without operating in dropout, NPN-based regulators require an input voltage of 3.7V at the very least. The MIC37150/51/52/53 regulator will provide excellent performance with an input as low as 3.0V or 2.25V, respectively. This gives the PNP-based regulators a distinct advantage over older, NPN-based linear regulators. Enable Input The MIC37151/37152/37153 also features an enable input for on/off control of the device. Its shutdown state draws “zero” current (only microamperes of leakage). The enable input is TTL/CMOS compatible for simple logic interface, but can be connected to up to VIN. When enabled, it draws approximately 15µA. Adjustable Regulator Design MIC37152 VIN ENABLE SHUTDOWN OUT R1 EN ADJ GND R2 VOUT COUT VOUT = 1.240V (1 + R1) R2 Minimum Load Current The MIC37150/51/52/53 regulator is specified between finite loads. If the output current is too small, leakage currents dominate and the output voltage rises. A 10mA minimum load current is necessary for proper operation. Figure 1. Adjustable Regulator with Resistors The MIC37152 and MIC37153 allow programming the output voltage anywhere between 1.24V and the 5.5V maximum operating rating of the family. Two resistors are used. Resistors can be quite large, up to 1MΩ, because of the very high input impedance and low bias current of the sense comparator: The resistor values are calculated by: Error Flag The MIC37151 and MIC37153 feature an error flag circuit that monitors the output voltage and signals an error condition when the voltage 5% below the nominal output voltage. The error flag is an open-collector output that can sink 10mA during a fault condition. Low output voltage can be caused by a number of problems, including an overcurrent fault (device in current limit) or low input voltage. The flag is inoperative during overtemperature shutdown. October 2007 IN ⎛V ⎞ R1 = R2⎜⎜ OUT − 1⎟⎟ 1.240 ⎝ ⎠ Where VOUT is the desired output voltage. Figure 1 shows component definition. Applications with widely varying load currents may scale the resistors to draw the minimum load current required for proper operation (see above). 10 M9999-101907 Micrel, Inc. MIC37150/51/52/53 Package Information 3-Pin S-PAK (R) 5-Pin S-PAK (R) October 2007 11 M9999-101907 Micrel, Inc. MIC37150/51/52/53 8-Pin SOIC (M) 8-Pin SOIC (ME) October 2007 12 M9999-101907 Micrel, Inc. MIC37150/51/52/53 MICREL, INC. 2180 FORTUNE DRIVE SAN JOSE, CA 95131 USA TEL +1 (408) 944-0800 FAX +1 (408) 474-1000 WEB http:/www.micrel.com The information furnished by Micrel in this data sheet is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Micrel for its use. Micrel reserves the right to change circuitry and specifications at any time without notification to the customer. Micrel Products are not designed or authorized for use as components in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of a product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A Purchaser’s use or sale of Micrel Products for use in life support appliances, devices or systems is a Purchaser’s own risk and Purchaser agrees to fully indemnify Micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale. © 2003 Micrel, Incorporated. October 2007 13 M9999-101907