MIC37300/01/02/03 3.0A, Low-Voltage µCap LDO Regulator General Description Features The Micrel MIC37300/01/02/03 is a 3.0A low-dropout linear voltage regulator that provides a low-voltage, high-current output with a minimum number of external components. It offers high precision, ultra-low-dropout (500mV overtemperature), and low-ground current. The MIC37300/01/02/03 operates from an input of 2.25V to 6.0V. It is designed to drive digital circuits requiring low-voltage at high currents (i.e., PLDs, DSP, microcontroller, etc.). It is available in fixed and adjustable output voltages. Fixed voltages include 1.5V, 1.8V, 2.5V and 3.3V. The adjustable version is capable of 1.24V to 5.5V. Features of the MIC37300/01/02/03 LDO include thermal and current-limit protection, and reverse-current protection. Logic enable and error flag pins are available on the 5-pin version. Junction temperature range of the MIC37300/01/02/03 is from–40°C to +125°C. For applications requiring input voltage greater than 6.0V, see the MIC3910x, MIC3915x, MIC3930x, and MIC3950x LDOs. Data sheets and support documentation can be found on Micrel’s web site at www.micrel.com. • 3.0A minimum guaranteed output current • 500mV maximum dropout-voltage overtemperature – Ideal for 3.0V to 2.5V conversion – Ideal for 2.5V to 1.8V, 1.65V, or 1.5V conversion • Stable with ceramic or tantalum capacitor • Wide input voltage range – VIN: 2.25V to 6.0V • +1.0% initial output tolerance • Fixed and adjustable output voltages: – MIC37300—3-pin fixed voltages – MIC37301—5-pin S-Pak or 8-pin e-Pad SOIC fixed voltages with flag – MIC37302—5-pin adjustable voltage – MIC37303—8-pin e-Pad SOIC adjustable voltage with flag • Excellent line and load regulation specifications • Thermal shutdown and current-limit protection • Reverse-leakage protection • Low profile S-Pak package Applications • • • • • LDO linear regulator for low-voltage digital IC PC add-in cards High-efficiency linear power supplies SMPS post regulator Battery charger Typical Application VIN = 3.0V MIC37300 VIN VOUT VOUT = 2.5V VIN COUT 47µF, Ceramic CIN GND MIC37302 VIN VOUT R1 VEN ADJ GND Fixed 2.5V Regulator 1.3V COUT 47µF, Ceramic R2 Adjustable Regulator Super ßeta PNP is a registered trademarks of Micrel, Inc. Micrel Inc. • 2180 Fortune Drive • San Jose, CA 95131 • USA • tel +1 (408) 944-0800 • fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 • http://www.micrel.com October 2009 1 M9999-102909 Micrel, Inc. MIC37300/01/02/03 MIC37301 VIN = 3.0V VIN VOUT = 2.5V VOUT COUT 47µF, Ceramic 100k CIN FLG DROPOUT (mV) VEN GND 500 450 400 350 2.5VOUT 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Fixed 2.5 Regulator with Error Flag Dropout vs. Output Current 3.3VOUT 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) 3 Ordering Information Part number Standard Output Current Voltage Junction Temp. Range Package –40°C to +125°C –40°C to +125°C S-Pak-3 S-Pak-3 MIC37300-1.5BR MIC37300-1.65BR RoHS Compliant* / Pb-Free MIC37300-1.5WR* MIC37300-1.65WR* 3.0A 1.5V 1.65V MIC37300-1.8BR MIC37300-1.8WR* 3.0A 1.8V –40°C to +125°C S-Pak-3 MIC37300-2.5BR MIC37300-2.5WR* 3.0A 2.5V –40°C to +125°C S-Pak-3 MIC37300-3.3BR MIC37300-3.3WR* 3.0A 3.3V –40°C to +125°C S-Pak-3 3.0A MIC37301-1.5BR MIC37301-1.5YME MIC37301-1.5WR* 3.0A 1.5V 1.5V –40°C to +125°C –40°C to +125°C e-Pad SOIC-8 S-Pak-5 MIC37301-1.8YME 3.0A 1.8V –40°C to +125°C e-Pad SOIC-8 MIC37301-1.8WR* 3.0A 1.8V –40°C to +125°C S-Pak-5 MIC37301-2.5YME 3.0A 2.5V –40°C to +125°C e-Pad SOIC-8 MIC37301-2.5BR MIC37301-2.5WR* 3.0A 2.5V –40°C to +125°C S-Pak-5 MIC37301-3.3BR MIC37301-3.3WR* 3.0A 3.3V –40°C to +125°C S-Pak-5 MIC37302BR MIC37302WR* 3.0A ADJ –40°C to +125°C S-Pak-5 MIC37302BU MIC37302WU* 3.0A ADJ –40°C to +125°C TO-263-5 3.0A ADJ –40°C to +125°C e-Pad SOIC-8 MIC37301-1.8BR MIC37303YME 3.0A * RoHS compliant with ‘high-melting solder’ exemption. October 2009 2 M9999-102909 Micrel, Inc. MIC37300/01/02/03 Pin Configuration S-PAK-5 (R) S-PAK-3 (R) 5 4 3 2 1 GND 1 FLG/ADJ VOUT GND VIN EN 8 FLG EN 2 7 VOUT/ADJ VIN 3 6 VOUT VIN 4 5 VOUT TO-263-5 (U) e-Pad SOIC-8 (ME) Pin Description Pin Number S-PAK-5 TO-263-5 Pin Number S-PAK-3 e-Pad SOIC-8 1 — 2 EN Enable Input : CMOS compatible input. Logic high = enable; Logic low = shutdown. 2 1 3, 4 VIN Input voltage which supplies current to the output power device. 3 2 1 GND Ground: TAB is connected to ground. 4 3 5, 6, 7 (Fixed) VOUT Regulator Output. Pin Number 5, 6 (Adj.) Pin Name Pin Function 5 (Fixed) — 8 FLG Error Flag (Output): Open collector output. Active-low indicates an output fault condition. 5 (Adj.) — 7 ADJ Adjustable Regulator Feedback Input: Connect to resistor voltage driver. October 2009 3 M9999-102909 Micrel, Inc. MIC37300/01/02/03 Absolute Maximum Ratings(1) Operating Ratings(2) Supply Voltage (VIN) ............................................. 6.5V Enable Input Voltage (VEN)(3) ................................ 6.5V Power Dissipation (PD)(3) .................. Internally Limited Junction Temperature (TJ).......... –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ +125°C Storage Temperature (TS) .......... –65°C ≤ TJ ≤ +150°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 5sec) ..................260°C ESD Rating(4) ..........................................................2kV Supply Voltage (VIN).................................2.25V to 6.0V Enable Input Voltage (VEN)............................0V to 6.0V Junction Temperature (TJ) ...........–40°C ≤ TJ ≤ +125°C Package Thermal Resistance S-Pak (θJC) .................................................. 2°C/W TO-263-5 (θJC)............................................. 2°C/W e-Pad SOIC-8 (θJC) ................................... 10°C/W Electrical Characteristics(5) TA = 25°C with VIN = VOUT + 1V; VEN = VIN; IL = 10mA; bold values indicate –40°C < TJ < +125°C, unless noted. Parameter Conditions Output Voltage Accuracy IL = 10mA 10mA < IOUT < IL(max), VOUT + 1 ≤ VIN ≤ 6V Output Voltage Line Regulation Output Voltage Load Regulation VIN – VOUT Dropout Voltage(6) Ground Pin Current(7) VIN = VOUT + 1.0V to 6.0V; IL = 10mA IL = 10mA to 3A IL = 1.5A (e-Pad SOIC-8) IL = 3A (e-Pad SOIC-8) IL = 3A Ground Pin Current in Shutdown VIL ≤ 0.5V, VIN = VOUT +1V Current Limit Start-up Time Enable Input Enable Input Threshold VOUT = 0V VEN = ViN, IOUT = 10mA, COUT = 47µF Enable pin Input Current Min Regulator enable Regulator shutdown Typ Max Units +1 +2 % % 0.5 1 350 400 500 550 40 50 % % mV 1.0 5 µA 4.75 170 6.5 500 A µs 0.8 V V 2 4 30 75 µA µA µA µA 1 2 400 500 µA µA mV mV % % 99.2 % 1.252 1.265 80 120 V V nA nA -1 -2 0.02 0.2 175 300 27 2.25 VIL ≤ 0.8V (Regulator shutdown) VIH ≥ 2.25V (Regulator enable) 1 Flag Output IFLG(LEAK) VOH = 6V VFLG(LO) VIN = 2.25V, IOL = 250µA(8) VFLG Low Threshold, % of VOUT below nominal Hysteresis 15 210 93 2 High Threshold, % of VOUT below nominal MIC37302 Only Reference Voltage 1.228 1.215 Adjust Pin Bias Current October 2009 1.240 40 4 mV mA mA M9999-102909 Micrel, Inc. MIC37300/01/02/03 Notes: 1. Exceeding the absolute maximum rating may damage the device. 2. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating rating. 3. PD(max) = (TJ(max) – TA) / θJA, where θJA, depends upon the printed circuit layout. See “Applicatins Information.” 4. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precautions recommended. 5. Specification for packaged product only. 6. VDO = VIN – VOUT when VOUT decreases to 98% of its nominal output voltage with VIN = VOUT + 1V. For output voltages below 1.75, dropout voltage specification does not apply due to a minimum input operating voltage of 2.25V. 7. IGND is the quiescent current. IIN = IGND + IOUT. 8. For a 2.5V device, VIN = 2.250V (device is in dropout). October 2009 5 M9999-102909 Micrel, Inc. MIC37300/01/02/03 Typical Characteristics 60 50 40 30 IOUT = 3A COUT = 47µF 10 C = 0 IN 0 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 FREQUENCY (kHz) 30 20 1000 1.6 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 2.5VOUT 250 200 150 100 50 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE(°C) GROUND CURRENT (mA) 3 10mA Load 2.5 2 3A Load 1 0.5 1.4 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 3A 25 20 2A 1A 5 1 2 3 4 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) October 2009 5 2 0.0006 35 30 25 20 15 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) 0.0005 2 2.5 3 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 3.5 Ground Current vs. Supply Voltage (1.5V) 100mA 0.0004 0.0003 0.0002 10mA 0.0001 0 0 3 1 2 3 4 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 5 Ground Current vs. Supply Voltage (2.5V) 70 1.2 1 0.8 100mA 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 3A Load 1 0 1.5 2.5 GROUND CURRENT (mA) 35 GROUND CURRENT (mA) GROUND CURRENT (mA) 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) Ground Current vs. Output Current 0 3 0.5 3A Lo ad 45 40 10 5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) 1.5 1.4 10 0 2.5 10mA Load Ground Current vs. Supply Voltage (2.5V) 40 15 3.3VOUT 3 1 Ground Current vs. Supply Voltage (1.5V) 30 2.5VOUT Dropout Characteristics (2.5V) 1.2 50 3.5 0 1.5 1000 10mA Load 0 1.5 Dropout Characteristics (3.3V) 1.5 100 50 0 GROUND CURRENT (mA) 350 300 350 300 250 200 150 Dropout Characteristics (1.5V) 400 DROPOUT (mV) 40 Dropout vs. Tempetature 450 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 50 IOUT = 3A COUT = 100µF 10 C = 0 IN 0 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 FREQUENCY (kHz) 20 0 0 VIN = 2.5V VOUT = 1.5V 70 PSRR (dB) 60 PSRR (dB) 80 VIN = 2.5V VOUT = 1.5V 70 Dropout vs. Output Current 500 450 400 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 80 Power Supply Rejection Ratio DROPOUT (mV) Power Supply Rejection Ratio 10mA 1 2 3 4 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 6 5 60 50 40 3A 30 20 2A 10 0 0 1A 1 2 3 4 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 5 M9999-102909 Micrel, Inc. MIC37300/01/02/03 Typical Characteristics (continued) Ground Current vs. Supply Voltage (3.3V) 0.6 0.4 0.2 10mA 1 2 3 4 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 2A 20 10 1A 1 2 3 4 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 0 0 GROUND CURRENT (mA) 2.5VOUT 6 4 IOUT =1.5A 30 25 20 15 10 IOUT =3A 5 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE (°C) 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE (°C) Short-Circuit Current vs. Supply Voltage Short-Circuit Current vs. Temperature 6 5.5 5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 2.25 400 3 3.75 4.5 5.25 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 6 Flag Low Voltage vs. Temperature 250 200 150 100 50 Flag Current = 250µA 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE (°C) October 2009 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 2.6 Output Voltage vs. Temperature 2.55 2.5VOUT 2.5 2.45 2.4 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE (°C) Flag Voltage vs. Flag Current 1.0 5 2.5VIN 4 3 2 1 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE (°C) Flag High (OK) 5 4 3 2 Flag Low (FAULT) 1 VIN = 5V 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 7 0.8 5V IN 0.6 3.3VIN 0.4 2.5V IN 0.2 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 FLAG CURRENT (mA) 16 6 0 IOUT =10mA 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE (°C) Error Flag Pull-Up Resistor 350 300 6 2.5VOUT 0.3 5 2.5VOUT 35 Ground Current vs. Temperature 0.25 Ground Current vs. Temperature 40 SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT (A) GROUND CURRENT (mA) SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT (A) 30 45 8 2 40 5 12 10 3A 50 Ground Current vs. Temperature 14 GROUND CURRENT (mA) 100mA 60 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 0.8 0.4 0.35 ENABLE CURRENT (µA) 1 0 0 FLAG VOLTAGE (mV) GROUND CURRENT (mA) 1.2 70 FLAG VOLTAGE (V) GROUND CURRENT (mA) 1.4 FLAG VOLTAGE (V) Ground Current vs. Supply Voltage (3.3V) Enable Current vs. Temperature 14 12 10 8 6 4 2.5VE N 2 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE (°C) M9999-102909 Micrel, Inc. MIC37300/01/02/03 Functional Characteristics Line Transient Response OUTPUT VOLTAGE (50mV/div.) VIN = 3.3V VOUT = 2.5V COUT = 47µF Ceramic 3A COUT = 47µF Ceramic 5V INPUT VOLTAGE (2V/div.) OUTPUT CURRENT (3A/div.) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (50mV/div.) Load Transient Response 10mA 3.3V TIME (400µs/div.) TIME (100µs/div.) ENABLE VOLTAGE OUTPUT VOLTAGE (2V/div.) (1V/div.) Enable Transient Response IOUT = 3A VIN = 3.3V COUT = 47µF 2.5V TIME (40µs/div.) October 2009 8 M9999-102909 Micrel, Inc. MIC37300/01/02/03 Where TJ(max) < 125°C and θCS is between 0°C and 2°C/W. The heat sink may be significantly reduced in applications where the minimum input voltage is known and is large compared with the dropout voltage. Use a series input resistor to drop excessive voltage and distribute the heat between this resistor and the regulator. The low-dropout properties of Micrel’s Super ßeta PNP® regulators allow significant reductions in regulator power dissipation and the associated heat sink without compromising performance. When this technique is employed, a capacitor of at least 1.0µF is needed directly between the input and regulator ground. Refer to “Application Note 9” for further details and examples on thermal design and heat sink applications. Applications Information Enable/Shutdown The MIC37300/01/02/03 is a high-performance lowdropout voltage regulator suitable for moderate to high-current regulator applications. Its 500mV dropout voltage at full load and over-temperature makes it especially valuable in battery-powered systems and as high-efficiency noise filters in post-regulator applications. Unlike older NPN-pass transistor designs, there the minimum dropout voltage is limited by the based-to-emitter voltage drop and collector-toemitter saturation voltage, dropout performance of the PNP output of these devices is limited only by the low VCE saturation voltage. A trade-off for the low dropout voltage is a varying base drive requirement. Micrel’s Super ßeta PNP® process reduces this drive requirement to only 2% to 5% of the load current. The MIC37300/01/02/03 regulator is fully protected from damage due to fault conditions. Current limiting is provided. This limiting is linear; output current during overload conditions is constant. Thermal shutdown disables the device when the die temperature exceeds the maximum safe operating temperature. The output structure of these regulators allows voltages in excess of the desired output voltage to be applied without reverse current flow. Output Capacitor The MIC37300/01/02/03 requires an output capacitor for stable operation. As a µCap LDO, the MIC37300/01/02/03 can operate with ceramic output capacitors as long as the amount of capacitance is 47µF or greater. For values of output capacitance lower than 47µF, the recommended ESR range is 200mΩ to 2Ω. The minimum value of output capacitance recommended for the MIC37300 is 10µF. For 47µF or greater, the ESR range recommended is less than 1Ω. Ultra-low ESR, ceramic capacitors are recommended for output capacitance of 47µF or greater to help improve transient response and noise reduction at high frequency. X7R/X5R dielectric-type ceramic capacitors are recommended because of their temperature performance. X7R-type capacitors change capacitance by 15% over their operating temperature range and are the most stable type of ceramic capacitors. Z5U and Y5V dielectric capacitors change value by as much as 50% and 60%, respectively, over their operating temperature ranges. To use a ceramic chip capacitor with Y5V dielectric, the value must be much higher than an X7R ceramic capacitor to ensure the same minimum capacitance over the equivalent operating temperature range. Thermal Design Linear regulators are simple to use. The most complicated design parameters to consider are thermal characteristics. Thermal design requires the following application-specific parameters: • Maximum ambient temperature (TA) • Output current (IOUT) • Output voltage (VOUT) • Input voltage (VIN) • Ground current (IGND) First, calculate the power dissipation of the regulator from these numbers and the device parameters from this datasheet. Input Capacitor An input capacitor of 1.0µF or greater is recommended when the device is more than 4 inches away from the bulk supply capacitance, or when the supply is a battery. Small, surface-mount chip capacitors can be used for the bypassing. The capacitor should be place within 1" of the device for optimal performance. Larger values will help to improve ripple rejection by bypassing the input to the regulator, further improving the integrity of the output voltage. PD = (VIN – VOUT) IOUT + VIN IGND where the ground current is approximated by using numbers from the “Electrical Characteristics” or “Typical Characteristics.” Then the heat sink thermal resistance is determined with this formula: θSA = ((TJ(max) – TA)/ PD) – (θJC + θCS) October 2009 9 M9999-102909 Micrel, Inc. Transient Response and 3.3V to 2.5V, 2.5V to 1.8V or 1.65V, or 2.5V to 1.5V Conversions The MIC37300/01/02/03 has excellent transient response to variations in input voltage and load current. The device has been designed to respond quickly to load current variations and input voltage variations. Large output capacitors are not required to obtain this performance. A standard 47µF output capacitor, preferably tantalum, is all that is required. Larger values help to improve performance even further. By virtue of its low-dropout voltage, this device does not saturate into dropout as readily as similar NPNbased designs. When converting from 3.3V to 2.5V, 2.5V to 1.8V or 1.65V, or 2.5V to 1.5V, the NPNbased regulators are already operating in dropout, with typical dropout requirements of 1.2V or greater. To convert down to 2.5V without operating in dropout, NPN-based regulators require an input voltage of 3.7V at the very least. The MIC37300/01/02/03 regulator will provide excellent performance with an input as low as 3.0V or 2.25V, respectively. This gives the PNPbased regulators a distinct advantage over older, NPN-based linear regulators. Minimum Load Current The MIC37300/01/02/03 regulator is specified between finite loads. If the output current is too small, leakage currents dominate and the output voltage rises. A 10mA minimum load current is necessary for proper operation. Error Flag The MIC37301 and MIC37303 feature an error flag circuit that monitors the output voltage and signals an error condition when the voltage is 5% below the nominal output voltage. The error flag is an opencollector output that can sink 10mA during a fault condition. Low output voltage can be caused by a number of problems, including an overcurrent fault (device in current limit) or low input voltage. The flag is inoperative during overtemperature shutdown. October 2009 MIC37300/01/02/03 Enable Input The MIC37301/02/03 also features an enable input for on/off control of the device. Its shutdown state draws “zero” current (only microamperes of leakage). The enable input is TTL/CMOS compatible for simple logic interface, but can be connected up to VIN. When enabled, it draws approximately 15µA. Adjustable Regulator Design MIC37302 V IN ENABLE SHUTDOWN IN OUT R1 EN ADJ GND R2 VOUT COUT R1⎞ ⎛ VOUT = 1.240V ⎜ 1+ ⎟ ⎝ R2 ⎠ Figure 1. Adjustable Regulator with Resistors The MIC37302 and MIC37303 allow programming the output voltage any-where between 1.24V and the 5.5V maximum operating rating of the family. Two resistors are used. Resistors can be quite large, up to 1MΩ, because of the very high input impedance and low bias current of the sense comparator. The resistor values are calculated by: ⎞ ⎛V R1 = R2⎜⎜ OUT − 1⎟⎟ 1.240 ⎠ ⎝ Where VOUT is the desired output voltage. Figure 1 shows component definition. Applications with widely varying load currents may scale the resistors to draw the minimum load current required for proper operation (see above). 10 M9999-102909 Micrel, Inc. MIC37300/01/02/03 Package Information θ4 θ1 θ2 θ1 θ1 θ2 θ3 θ4 θ1 θ3 5-Pin TO-263-5 (U) 5-Pin S-PAK (R) October 2009 11 M9999-102909 Micrel, Inc. MIC37300/01/02/03 3-Pin S-PAK (R) 8-Pin SOIC (ME) October 2009 12 M9999-102909 Micrel, Inc. MIC37300/01/02/03 MICREL, INC. 2180 FORTUNE DRIVE SAN JOSE, CA 95131 USA TEL +1 (408) 944-0800 FAX +1 (408) 474-1000 WEB http:/www.micrel.com The information furnished by Micrel in this data sheet is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Micrel for its use. Micrel reserves the right to change circuitry and specifications at any time without notification to the customer. Micrel Products are not designed or authorized for use as components in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of a product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A Purchaser’s use or sale of Micrel Products for use in life support appliances, devices or systems is a Purchaser’s own risk and Purchaser agrees to fully indemnify Micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale. © 2002 Micrel, Inc. October 2009 13 M9999-102909