MIC5166 3A High-Speed Low VIN DDR Terminator General Description Features The MIC5166 is a 3A, high-speed, linear, low VIN, double data rate (DDR), memory terminator power supply. The part is small and requires small output capacitors making it a tiny overall solution. This allows it to be conveniently placed close to the DDR memory, minimizing circuit board layout inductance which may cause excessive voltage ripple at the DDR memory. The MIC5166 contains a precision voltage divider network in order to take in the VDDQ voltage as a reference voltage and conveniently output the terminator voltage (VTT) at one half of the VDDQ input voltage. The MIC5166 is capable of sinking and sourcing up to 3A. It is stable with only two 10µF ceramic output capacitors. The part is available in a small 3mm × 3mm MLF® thermally-enhanced package. The MIC5166 has a high-side NMOS output stage offering very-low output impedance, and very-high bandwidth. The NMOS output stage offers a unique ability to respond very quickly to sudden load changes such as is required for DDR memory termination power supply applications. Data sheets and support documentation can be found on Micrel’s web site at: www.micrel.com. • Operating voltage range: • VDDQ Supply: 0.9V to 3.6V • Bias Supply: 2.5V to 5.5V • High bandwidth – very fast transient response • Stable with two 10µF ceramic output capacitors • Two 10µF output capacitors used in most applications • High output voltage accuracy: • 0.015% line regulation • 1.5% load regulation • Logic level enable input • Power Good (PG) • Thermally-enhanced 3mm × 3mm MLF® • Junction temperature range –40°C to +125°C Applications • • • • • Desktop computers Notebook computers Datacom systems Servers Video cards _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Typical Application Ramp Control is a trademark of Micrel, Inc MLF and MicroLeadFrame are registered trademarks of Amkor Technology, Inc. Micrel Inc. • 2180 Fortune Drive • San Jose, CA 95131 • USA • tel +1 (408) 944-0800 • fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 • http://www.micrel.com June 2012 M9999-060612-A Micrel, Inc. MIC5166 Ordering Information Part Number MIC5166YML Output Voltage Junction Temperature Range(1) ½VDDQ Package 10-Pin 3mm × 3mm MLF –40°C to +125°C Lead Finish ® Pb-Free Note: 1. ® MLF is a GREEN RoHS-compliant package. Lead finish is NiPdAu. Mold compound is Halogen Free.. Pin Configuration 10-Pin 3mm × 3mm MLF® (ML) Pin Description Pin Number Pin Name Description 1 VREF Reference Voltage. This output provides an output of the internal reference voltage VDDQ/2. The VREF output is used to provide the reference voltage for the memory chip. Connect a 1.0µF capacitor to ground at this pin. This pin can sink and source 10mA. 2 BIAS BIAS Supply Voltage. The BIAS supply is the power MOSFET gate drive supply voltage and the supply bus for the IC. The BIAS voltage must be greater than (VTT + 2.2V). A 1.0µF ceramic capacitor from the BIAS pin to PGND must be placed next to the IC. 3 AGND Analog Ground. Internal signal ground for all low-power circuits. 4 VDDQ Input Supply. VDDQ is connected to an internal precision divider which provides the VREF. Connect a 4.7µF capacitor to ground at this pin. 5 PG Power Good. This is an open drain output that indicates when the output voltage is within ±10% of the reference voltage. The PG flag is asserted typically with 65µs delay when the enable is set low or when the output goes outside ±10% the window threshold. 6 SNS Feedback. Input to the error amplifier. Enable. Logic level control of the output. Logic HIGH enables the MIC5166 and a logic LOW shuts down the MIC5166. In the off state, supply current of the device is greatly reduced (typically 0.2µA). The EN pin should not be left open. Power Ground. Internal ground connection to the source of the internal, low-side drive, N-channel MOSFET. 7 EN 8 PGND 9 VTT Power Output. This is the connection to the source of the internal high-side N-channel MOSFET and drain of the low-side N-channel MOSFET. This is a high-frequency, high-power connection, therefore two 10µF output capacitors must be placed as close to the IC as possible. 10 VIN High-Side N-Channel MOSFET Drain Connection. The VIN operating voltage range is from 0.9V to 3.6V. An input capacitor between the VIN pin and the PGND is required as close to the chip as possible. EP ePad June 2012 Exposed Pad. Must be connected to a GND plane for best thermal performance. 2 M9999-060612-A Micrel, Inc. MIC5166 Absolute Maximum Ratings(1) Operating Ratings(3) VBIAS .................................................................. –0.3V to 6V VIN ................................................................. –0.3V to VBIAS VDDQ ................................................................... –0.3V to VIN VTT ................................................................... –0.3V to VIN VEN ................................................................. –0.3V to VBIAS VPG ................................................................. –0.3V to VBIAS PGND to AGND ............................................. –0.3V to 0.3V Junction Temperature ................................................ 150°C Storage Temperature Range ....................–65°C to +150°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s)............................ 260°C Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = 25°C) (De-rated 16.4mW/°C above 25°C) .....................1.64W Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = 85°C) .............656mW (2) ESD ....……………………………………..........2kV(HBM) Supply Voltage (VBIAS)...................................... 2.5V to 5.5V (4) Supply Voltage (VIN)......................................0.9V to 3.6V (5) Supply Voltage (VDDQ) .................................... 0.9V to VIN Power Good Voltage (VPG).................................. 0V to VBIAS Enable Input (VEN) ............................................... 0V to VBIAS Junction Temperature (TJ) ..................–40°C ≤ TJ ≤ +125°C Package Thermal Resistance 3mm x 3mm MLF®-10 (θJC).............................28.7°C/W 3mm x 3mm MLF®-10 (θJA).............................60.7°C/W Electrical Characteristics(6) VIN = 1.5V, VBIAS = 3.3V, VDDQ = 1.5V, TA = 25°C, unless noted. Bold values indicate –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ +125°C. Parameter Condition Min. VIN Rising 0.625 Typ. Max. Units 3.6 V 0.9 V Power Input Supply 0.9 Input Voltage Range (VIN) Undervoltage Lockout Trip Level UVLO Hysteresis 0.8 150 mV Quiescent Supply Current (IIN) IOUT = 0A 0.1 10 µA Shutdown Current (IIN) VEN = 0V 0.1 5 µA 5.5 V 2.23 2.33 V Bias Supply 2.5 Bias Voltage Range (VBIAS) Undervoltage Lockout Trip Level 1.9 VBIAS Rising UVLO Hysteresis Quiescent Supply Current (IBIAS) Shutdown Current (IBIAS) 70 mV IOUT = 1mA 1.6 3 IOUT = 1A 1.6 3 VEN = 0V 0.1 5 µA 40 mV 1.5 2.1 mA VTT Output VTT Accuracy Load Regulation Line Regulation June 2012 Variation from VREF, IOUT = -3A to 3A −40 VSNS =0.75V, IOUT = 10mA to +3A VSNS =0.75V, IOUT = -10mA to -3A −1.8 VIN = 1.5V to 3.6V, VBIAS = 5.5V, IOUT = 100mA −0.05 0.005 0.05 VIN = 1.5V, VBIAS = 2.5V to 5.5V, IOUT = 100mA −0.1 0.015 0.17 3 −1.4 % %/V M9999-060612-A Micrel, Inc. MIC5166 Electrical Characteristics(6) (Continued) VIN = 1.5V, VBIAS = 3.3V, VDDQ = 1.5V, TA = 25°C, unless noted. Bold values indicate –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ +125°C. Parameter Condition Min. Typ. Max. Units 1 % VREF Output VREF Voltage Accuracy Variation from (VDDQ/2), IREF = -10mA to 10mA −1 Bias Supply Dropout Voltage Dropout Voltage (VBIAS – VTT) IOUT = 100mA 1.15 V Dropout Voltage (VBIAS – VTT) IOUT = 500mA 1.25 V Dropout Voltage (VBIAS – VTT) IOUT = 3.0A 1.65 2.2 V Enable Control EN Logic High Level EN Logic Low Level EN Current Start-Up Time 1.2 Logic High V 0.2 Logic Low VEN = 0.2V 1.0 VEN = 1.2V 6.0 From EN pin going high to VTT 90% of VREF 55 V µA µs Short-Current Protection Sourcing Current Limit VIN = 2.7V, VTT = 0V 3.1 4.9 7.8 A Sinking Current Limit VIN = 2.7V, VTT = VIN −3.1 −4.9 −7.8 A Internal FETs Top-MOSFET RDS(ON) Source, IOUT = 3A (VTT to PGND) 130 190 mΩ Bottom-MOSFET RDS(ON) Sink, IOUT = -3A (VIN to VTT) 130 190 mΩ ≤110 % Power Good (PG) PG Window ≥90 Threshold % of VTT from VREF Hysteresis PG Output Low Voltage IPG = 4mA (sinking) PG Leakage Current VPG = 5.5V, VSNS = VREF 2 % 430 mV 1.0 μA Thermal Protection Over-Temperature Shutdown TJ Rising Over-Temperature Shutdown Hysteresis 150 °C 10 °C Notes: 1. Exceeding the absolute maximum rating may damage the device. 2. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precautions recommended. Human body model, 1.5kΩ in series with 100pF. 3. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating rating. 4. If VBIAS ≤ 3.6V, then VIN(MAX) = VBIAS. 5. If VBIAS ≤ 4V, then VDDQ(MAX) = 2 × (VBIAS − 2.2V). If VBIAS > 4V, then VDDQ(MAX) = 3.6V. 6. Specification for packaged product only. June 2012 4 M9999-060612-A Micrel, Inc. MIC5166 Typical Characteristics VIN Operating Supply Current vs. Input Voltage 0.20 0.15 0.10 VDDQ = 1.2V VBIAS = 5V 0.05 VTT = 0.6V IOUT = 0A 0.52 0.16 0.12 0.08 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 0.8 1.2 1.6 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 2.0 1.5 VIN = 1.5V VTT = 0.3V 2.4 2.8 0.54 VDDQ = 0.6V 0.52 VEN = 0V 0.180 0.120 0.50 0.48 VIN = 1.5V 0.060 VDDQ = 0.6V 0.46 IOUT = 0A VEN = VBIAS 0.44 0.000 0.0 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 2.5 5.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 2.5 5.0 1.000 VTT = 0.6V IOUT = 0A 0.800 0.700 FALLING 0.600 1.8 2.7 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) June 2012 3.6 5.0 VTT RISING 8.0 6.0 4.0 VDDQ = 1.2V VBIAS = 5.5V 2.0 VTT = 0.6V 105% VTT FALLING 100% 95% VTT FALLING VTT RISING 90% VDDQ = 1.2V 85% VBIAS = 5V IOUT = 0A 80% 0.0 0.9 4.5 110% VEN = VIN 0.500 4.0 115% VPG WINDOW/VTT (%) ENABLE PIN CURRENT (µA) VBIAS = 5V 3.5 Power Good Window/VTT Ratio vs. Input Voltage 10.0 VDDQ = 1.2V RISING 3.0 BIAS VOLTAGE (V) Enable Pin Current vs. Input Voltage Enable Threshold vs. Input Voltage ENABLE THRESHOLD (V) 3.0 BIAS VOLTAGE (V) BIAS VOLTAGE (V) 0.900 3.6 VREF/VDDQ Tracking Ratio vs. BIAS Voltage VEN = VBIAS 2.5 3.2 VIN = 1.5V VREF/VDDQ 2.5 2.0 VDDQ VOLTAGE (V) VBIAS Shutdown Current vs. BIAS Voltage SHUTDOWN CURRENT (µA) SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) VEN = VBIAS 0.240 0.5 IOUT = 0A 0.44 0.8 3.6 3.0 IOUT = 0A VTT = 0.6V VEN = 0V VBIAS Operating Supply Current vs. BIAS Voltage VDDQ = 0.6V VDDQ = 1.2V 0.46 VBIAS = 5V INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 1.0 0.48 VBIAS = 5V 0.00 0.8 0.50 VDDQ = 1.2V 0.04 VEN = VBIAS 0.00 VREF/VDDQ Tracking Ratio vs. VDDQ Voltage 0.54 VREF/VDDQ SHUTDOWN CURRENT (µA) SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) 0.20 VIN Shutdown Current vs. Input Voltage VEN = V BIAS 75% 0.9 1.8 2.7 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 5 3.6 0.9 1.8 2.7 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) M9999-060612-A 3.6 Micrel, Inc. MIC5166 Typical Characteristics (Continued) Top MOSFET On-Resistance vs. Input Voltage Bottom MOSFET On-Resistance vs. Input Voltage 150 Current Limit vs. Input Voltage 150 5.0 130 VIN = 1.5V VDDQ = 1.2V 120 VBIAS = 5V VSNS = OPEN 110 ISINK = 3A 140 130 VIN = 1.5V 120 VDDQ = 1.2V VBIAS = 5V VTT = 0.6V 110 1.0 1.3 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.5 VEN = VBIAS 2.8 1.0 V DDQ = 1.2V V BIAS = 5.0V -2.0 1.3 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.5 1.2 2.8 1.6 IOUT = 0A to 3A 0.0000 0.5950 V BIAS = 5V VEN = VBIAS 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.3 -0.0150 -3.00 VDDQ=1.2V 0.5900 V TT = 0.6V -2.00 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) VTT = 0.6V VEN = V BIAS -1.00 0.00 1.00 2.00 0.5850 -3.00 3.00 VREF/VDDQ vs. I_Load VIN = 1.5V SUPPLY CURRENT (uA) V DDQ=1.2V VTT/VDDQ 0.5050 0.5000 V IN = 0.6V V EN = VBIAS 0.5000 VBIAS = 5V VIN = 1.5V 0.4950 VDDQ=1.2V 1.00 0.4 V IN = 1.5V 0.5050 0.00 VIN Operating Supply Current vs. Temperature VTT/VDDQ vs. I_Load V BIAS = 5V VREF/VDDQ -1.00 I_LOAD (A) 0.5100 0.4950 -2.00 I_LOAD (A) 0.5100 3.00 VIN = 1.5V V DDQ=1.2V 3.6 2.00 VBIAS = 5V V EN = VBIAS 1.5 3.6 0.6000 V IN = 1.5V -0.0100 1.2 3.2 0.6050 -0.0050 -2.0% 2.8 0.0050 VTT (V) VREF-VTT (V) VTT = 0.6V 2.4 0.6100 0.0100 VDDQ = 1.2V 0.9 2.0 VTT vs. I_Load 1.0% VBIAS = 5.0V V EN = VBIAS INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 0.0150 SOURCING V TT = 0.6V SINKING VREF-VTT vs. I_Load 2.0% SINKING 0.0 -1.0 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) Load Regulation vs. Input Voltage -1.0% 1.0 -5.0 0.7 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 0.0% 2.0 -4.0 100 0.7 SOURCING 3.0 -3.0 ISINK = -3A VEN = VBIAS 100 TOTAL REGULATION (%) CURRENT LIMIT (A) ON-RESISTANCE (mΩ) ON-RESISTANCE (mΩ) 4.0 140 VBIAS = 5V VDDQ = 1.2V 0.3 VTT = 0.6V IOUT = 0A VEN = VBIAS 0.2 0.1 VTT = 0.6V VEN = VBIAS 0.4900 -3.00 -2.00 -1.00 0.00 1.00 I_LOAD (A) June 2012 2.00 3.00 0.4900 -3.00 0.0 -2.00 -1.00 0.00 1.00 I_LOAD (A) 6 2.00 3.00 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 TEMPERATURE (°C) M9999-060612-A Micrel, Inc. MIC5166 Typical Characteristics (Continued) 1.0000 1.0 VIN = 1.5V UVLO THRESHOLD (V) VBIAS =5V 0.4 Enable Threshold vs. Temperature VDDQ = 1.2V VEN = 0V 0.3 0.2 0.1 VV 5.0V BIAS BIAS==5.0V = 1.2V VVDDQ DDQ = 1.2V = 0.6V VVTT TT = 0.6V IOUT = 0A = 0A IOUT 0.9 RISING ENABLE THRESHOLD (V) 0.5 SHUTDOWN CURRENT (uA) VIN UVLO Threshold vs. Temperature VIN Shutdown Current vs. Temperature VEN = VBIAS 0.8 0.7 FALLING 0.6 0.0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 -25 0 25 50 75 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C) Sourcing Load Regulation vs. Temperature Sinking Load Regulation vs. Temperature 1.0% 0.8000 RISING 0.7000 VIN = 1.5V VBIAS = 5V 0.6000 FALLING VDDQ = 1.2V VTT = 0.6V 0.5000 -50 125 0.9000 125 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 TEMPERATURE (°C) VREF/VDDQ Tracking Ratio vs. Temperature 0.601 1.0% 0.0% -0.5% VIN = 1.5V VBIAS = 5V -1.0% VDDQ = 1.2V VTT = 0.6V -1.5% IOUT = 0A to 3A VBIAS = 5.5V 0.5% VDDQ = 1.2V 0.600 VTT = 0.6V 0.0% VREF/VDDQ LOAD REGULATION (%) LOAD REGULATION (%) VIN = 1.5V 0.5% IOUT = 0A to -3A VEN = VBIAS -0.5% -1.0% 25 50 75 0.597 100 -50 -50 125 -25 0 25 50 75 100 5.5 CURRENT LIMIT (A) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 0.6000 VIN = 1.5V VBIAS = 5V VDDQ = 1.2V VTT = 0.6V VBIAS = 5V 5.3 VDDQ = 1.2V VTT = 0.6V SOURCING VEN = VBIAS 5.0 SINKING 4.8 IOUT = 0A VEN = VBIAS -50 -25 0 25 50 75 TEMPERATURE (°C) June 2012 100 125 50 75 100 125 100 125 VIN = 1.5V VBIAS = 5V 2 VDDQ = 1.2V VEN = VIN 1 0 4.5 0.5970 25 Enable Pin Current vs. Temperature VIN = 1.5V 0.5980 0 TEMPERATURE (°C) Current Limit vs. Temperature Output Voltage vs. Temperature 0.5990 -25 125 TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C) 0.6010 IOUT = 0A V EN = V BIAS -1.5% ENABLE PIN CURRENT (µA) 0 V TT = 0.6V 0.598 -2.0% -25 V BIAS = 5V V DDQ = 1.2V VEN = VBIAS -2.0% -50 V IN = 1.5V 0.599 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 TEMPERATURE (°C) 7 100 125 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 TEMPERATURE (°C) M9999-060612-A Micrel, Inc. MIC5166 Typical Characteristics (Continued) Top MOSFET On-Resistance vs. Temperature Bottom MOSFET On-Resistance vs. Temperature 175 160 VIN = 1.5V ON-RESISTANCE (mΩ) ON-RESISTANCE (mΩ) VIN = 1.5V VBIAS = 5V 160 VDDQ = 1.2V VTT = 0.6V 145 ISOURCE = +3A VEN = VBIAS 130 115 VBIAS = 5V 150 VDDQ = 1.2V VTT = 0.6V 140 ISINK = -3A VEN = VBIAS 130 120 110 100 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 TEMPERATURE (°C) June 2012 100 125 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 TEMPERATURE (°C) 8 M9999-060612-A Micrel, Inc. MIC5166 Functional Characteristics June 2012 9 M9999-060612-A Micrel, Inc. MIC5166 Functional Characteristics (Continued) June 2012 10 M9999-060612-A Micrel, Inc. MIC5166 Functional Diagram Figure 1. MIC5166 Block Diagram June 2012 11 M9999-060612-A Micrel, Inc. MIC5166 The memory bits are not usually all at a logic high or logic low at the same time so the VTT supply is usually not sinking or sourcing −3A or +3A current continuously. Application Information DDR memory requires two power supplies, one for the memory chip, referred to as VDDQ and the other for a termination supply VTT, which is one-half VDDQ. With memory speeds in excess of 300MHz, the memory system bus must be treated as a transmission line. To maintain good signal integrity the memory bus must be terminated to minimize signal reflections. Figure 2 shows the simplified termination circuit. Each control, address and data lines have these termination resistors RS and RT connected to them. VTT VTT is regulated to VREF. Due to high-speed signaling, the load current seen by VTT is constantly changing. To maintain adequate transient response, two 10µF ceramic capacitors are required. The proper placement of ceramic capacitors is important to reduce both ESR and ESL such that high-current and high-speed transients do not exceed the dynamic voltage tolerance requirement of VTT. The ceramic capacitors provide current during the fast edges of the bus transition. Using several smaller ceramic capacitors distributed near the termination resistors is important to reduce the effects of PCB trace inductance. VDDQ The VDDQ input on the MIC5166 is used to create the internal reference voltage for VTT. The reference voltage is generated from an internal resistor divider network of two 500kΩ resistors, generating a reference voltage VREF that is VDDQ/2. The VDDQ input should be Kelvin connected as close as possible to the memory supply voltage. Since the reference is simply VDDQ/2, any perturbations on VDDQ will also appear at half the amplitude on the reference. For this reason a 4.7µF ceramic capacitor is required on the VDDQ supply. This will aid performance by improving the source impedance over a wide frequency range. Sense The sense (SNS) pin provides the path for the error amplifier to regulate VTT. The SNS input must also be Kelvin connected to the VTT bypass capacitors. If the SNS input is connected to close to the MIC5166, the IR drop of the PCB trace can cause the VTT voltage at the memory chip to be too low. Placing the MIC5166 as close as possible to the DDR memory will improve the load regulation performance. Figure 2. DDR Memory Termination Circuit Bus termination provides a means to increase signaling speed while maintaining good signal integrity. The termination network consists of a series resistor (RS) and a terminating resistor (RT). Values of RS range between 10Ω to 30Ω with a typical of 22Ω, while RT ranges from 22Ω to 28Ω with a typical value of 25Ω. VREF must maintain half VDDQ with a ±1% tolerance, while VTT will dynamically sink and source current to maintain a termination voltage of ±40mV from the VREF line under all conditions. This method of bus termination reduces common-mode noise, settling time, voltage swings, EMI/RFI and improves slew rates. VDDQ powers all the memory ICs, memory drivers and receivers for all the memory bits in the DDR memory system. The MIC5166 regulates VTT to VDDQ/2 during sourcing or sinking current. June 2012 Enable The MIC5166 features an active-high enable input (EN) that allows on-off control of the regulator. The current through the device reduces to near “zero” when the device is shutdown, with only <0.2µA of leakage current. The EN input may be directly tied to VBIAS. The active high enable pin uses CMOS technology and the enable pin cannot be left floating; a floating enable pin may cause an indeterminate state on the output. 12 M9999-060612-A Micrel, Inc. MIC5166 Power Good (PG) The power-good (PG) output provides an under and over voltage fault flag for the VTT output. The PG output remains high as long as VTT is within ±10% range of VREF and goes low if the output moves beyond this range. Component Selection Input Capacitor A 10µF ceramic input capacitor is all that is required for most applications if it is close to a bulk capacitance. The input capacitor must be placed on the same side of the board and next to the MIC5166 to minimize the dropout voltage and voltage ringing during transient and short circuit conditions. It is also recommended that each capacitor to be connected to the PGND directly, not through vias. X7R or X5R dielectric ceramic capacitors are recommended because of their temperature performance. X7R-type capacitors change capacitance by 15% over their operating temperature range and are the most stable type of ceramic capacitors. Z5U and Y5V dielectric capacitors change value by as much as 50% and 60% respectively over their operating temperature ranges. To use a ceramic chip capacitor with Y5V dielectric, the value must be much higher than an X7R ceramic. Figure 3. Power Good Threshold Output Capacitor As part of the frequency compensation, the MIC5166 requires two 10µF ceramic output capacitors for best transient performance. To improve transient response, any other type of capacitor can be placed in parallel as long as the two 10µF ceramic output capacitors are placed next to the MIC5166. The output capacitor type and placement criteria are the same as the input capacitor. See the input capacitor section for a detailed description. The PG has an open-drain output. A pull-up resistor must be connected to VIBIAS, VIN or an external source. The external source voltage must not exceed the maximum rating of the pin. The PG pin can be connected to another regulator’s enable pin for sequencing of the outputs. VBIAS Requirement A 1µF ceramic input capacitor is required on VBIAS pin. To achieve the ultra-fast transient response, the MIC5166 uses an all N-channel power output stage as shown in the Functional Diagram. The high-side Nchannel MOSFET requires the VBIAS voltage to be 2.2V higher than the VTT to be able to fully enhance the highside MOSFET. Thermal Considerations The MIC5166 is packaged in the 3mm x 3mm MLF®, a package that has excellent thermal performance. This maximizes heat transfer from the junction to the exposed pad (ePad) which connects to the ground plane. The size of the ground plane attached to the exposed pad determines the overall thermal resistance from the junction to the ambient air surrounding the printed circuit board. VIN Requirement VIN is used to supply the rail voltage for the high-side Nchannel power output stage. It is normally connected to VDDQ, but it can be connected to a lower voltage to reduce power dissipation. In this case, the input voltage must be higher than the VTT voltage to ensure that the output stage is not operating in dropout. June 2012 Thermal Design The most complicated design parameters to consider are thermal characteristics. Thermal design requires the following application-specific parameters: 13 • Maximum ambient temperature (TA) • Output current (IOUT) • Output voltage (VOUT) • Input voltage (VIN) • Ground current (IGND) M9999-060612-A Micrel, Inc. MIC5166 There are two suggested methods for measuring the IC case temperature: a thermocouple or an infrared thermometer. If a thermocouple is used, it must be constructed of 36 gauge wire or higher to minimize the wire heatsinking effect. In addition, the thermocouple tip must be covered in either thermal grease or thermal glue to make sure that the thermocouple junction is making good contact to the case of the IC. This thermocouple from Omega (5SC-TT-K-36-36) is adequate for most applications. To avoid this messy thermocouple grease or glue, an infrared thermometer is recommended. Most infrared thermometers’ spot size is too large for an accurate reading on small form factor ICs. However, an IR thermometer from Optris has a 1mm spot size, which makes it ideal for the 3mm x 3mm MLF® package. First, calculate the power dissipation of the regulator from these numbers and the device parameters from this datasheet. PD = (VIN – VTT) × IOUT + (VBIAS × IGND) Eq. 1 where the ground current is approximated by using numbers from the “Electrical Characteristics” or “Typical Characteristics.” For example, given an expected maximum ambient temperature (TA) of 70°C with VIN = 1.2V, VBIAS = 3.3V, VTT = 0.9V, and IOUT = 3A, first calculate the expected PD using Equation 1: PD = (1.2V – 0.9V) × 3A + 3.3V × 0.0016A = 0.90528W Eq. 2 Next, determine the junction temperature for the expected power dissipation above using the thermal resistance (θJA) of the 10-pin 3mm × 3mm MLF® (YML) adhering to the following criteria for the PCB design (1oz. copper and 100mm2 copper area for the MIC5166): TJ = (θJA × PD) + TA = (60.7°C/W × 0.90528W) + 70°C = 124.95°C Eq. 3 To determine the maximum power dissipation allowed that would not exceed the IC’s maximum junction temperature (125°C) when operating at a maximum ambient temperature of 70°C: PD(MAX) = (TJ(MAX) – TA)/θJA = (125°C – 70°C)/(60.7°C/W) = 0.9061W Eq. 4 Thermal Measurements It is always wise to measure the IC’s case temperature to make sure that it is within its operating limits. Although this might seem like a very elementary task, it is very easy to get erroneous results. The most common mistake is to use the standard thermocouple that comes with the thermal voltage meter. This thermocouple wire gauge is large, typically 22 gauge, and behaves like a heatsink, resulting in a lower case measurement. June 2012 14 M9999-060612-A Micrel, Inc. MIC5166 Sequencing The following diagrams illustrate methods for connecting MIC5166’s to achieve sequencing requirements: Figure 6. Turn-On Sequence with Soft-Start (RC = 3.3nF) June 2012 Figure 7. Turn-On Sequence with No Soft-Start (RC = Open) 15 M9999-060612-A Micrel, Inc. MIC5166 PCB Layout Guidelines Warning!!! To minimize EMI and output noise, follow these layout recommendations PCB Layout is critical to achieve reliable, stable and efficient performance. A ground plane is required to control EMI and minimize the inductance in power, signal and return paths. The following guidelines should be followed to insure proper operation of the MIC5166 converter. Output Capacitor • Use a wide trace to connect the output capacitor ground terminal to the input capacitor ground terminal. • Phase margin will change as the output capacitor value and ESR changes. Contact the factory if the output capacitor is different from what is shown in the BOM. • The feedback divider network must be place close to the IC with the bottom of R2 connected to AGND. • The feedback trace should be separate from the power trace and connected as close as possible to the output capacitor. Sensing a long high current load trace can degrade the DC load regulation. IC • The 10µF ceramic capacitor, which is connected to the VIN pin, must be located right at the IC. The VDDQ pin is very noise sensitive and placement of the capacitor is very critical. Use wide traces to connect to the VDDQ and AGND pins. • The signal ground pin (AGND) must be connected directly to the ground planes. Do not route the AGND pin to the PGND Pad on the top layer. • Place the IC close to the point-of-load (POL). • Use wide traces to route the input and output power lines. • Signal and power grounds should be kept separate and connected at only one location. Input Capacitor • A 10µF X5R or X7R dielectric ceramic capacitor is recommended on each of the VIN pins for bypassing. • Place the input capacitors on the same side of the board and as close to the IC as possible. • Keep both the VIN pin and PGND connections short. • Place several vias to the ground plane close to the input capacitor ground terminal. • Use either X7R or X5R dielectric input capacitors. Do not use Y5V or Z5U type capacitors. • Do not replace the ceramic input capacitor with any other type of capacitor. Any type of capacitor can be placed in parallel with the input capacitor. • If a Tantalum input capacitor is placed in parallel with the input capacitor, it must be recommended for switching regulator applications and the operating voltage must be derated by 50%. • In “Hot-Plug” applications, a Tantalum or Electrolytic bypass capacitor must be used to limit the overvoltage spike seen on the input supply with power is suddenly applied. June 2012 16 M9999-060612-A Micrel, Inc. MIC5166 Evaluation Board Schematics June 2012 17 M9999-060612-A Micrel, Inc. MIC5166 Evaluation Board Schematics (Continued) June 2012 18 M9999-060612-A Micrel, Inc. MIC5166 Bill of Materials Item C1, C2, C19 Part Number AVX C2012X5R0J226K TDK(2) C4, C6, C12 C7 C2012X5R0J225K TDK(2) C8 C9 C1608X7R1H102K TDK(2) C10, C11 C14 C1608C0G1H390J TDK(2) C15, C20, C24 C16, C18, C21, C23 C1608C0G1H391J TDK(2) C17 June 2012 390pF, 50V, ceramic capacitor, NPO, 0603 1 100pF, 50V, ceramic capacitor, NPO, 0603 1 47µF, 6.3V, ceramic capacitor, X5R,1206 2 100µF, 6.3V, ceramic capacitor, X5R, 1210 1 10µF, 6.3V, ceramic capacitor, X5R, 0603 3 1µF, 6.3V, ceramic capacitor, X5R, 0603 4 4.7µF, 6.3V, ceramic capacitor, X5R, 0603 1 Murata AVX(3) C1608C0G1H101J TDK(2) (1) Murata 12066D476MAT2A AVX(3) C3216X5R0J476M TDK(2) Murata(1) 12106D107MAT2A AVX(3) C3225X5R0J107M TDK(2) (1) Murata 06036D106MAT AVX(3) FP3-1R0-R TDK(2) (1) Murata 06036D105KAT2A AVX(3) C1608X5R0J105K TDK(2) (1) Murata 06036D475KAT2A AVX(3) C1608X5R0J475M TDK(2) C1608X5R0J475M 1 (1) 06035A101JAT2A GRM188R60J105KA01D 39pF, 50V, ceramic capacitor, NPO, 0603 Murata AVX(3) GRM188R60J106ME47D 3 (1) 06035A391JAT2A GRM32ER60J107ME20L 1nF, 50V, ceramic capacitor, X7R, 0603 Murata AVX(3) GRM31CR60J476ME19L 1 (1) 06035A390JAT2A GRM1885C1H101JA01D 2.2µF, 6.3V, ceramic capacitor, X5R, 0805 Murata AVX(3) GRM188R71H391KA01D 3 (1) 06035C102KAT GRM1885C1H390JA01D 22µF, 6.3V, ceramic capacitor, X5R, 0805 (3) AVX GRM188R71H102KA01D Qty. Murata(1) 08056D225KAT2A GRM21BR60J225KA01L Description (3) 08056D226MAT GRM21BR60J226ME39L C3 Manufacturer (1) Murata 19 M9999-060612-A Micrel, Inc. MIC5166 Bill of Materials (Continued) Item Part Number Manufacturer C5 C22 C13 AVX C1608X7R1H104K TDK(2) EEU-FC1A471 N.U. 0603 ceramic capacitor 1 0.1µF, 50V, ceramic capacitor, X7R, 0603 1 470µF/10V, Elect., 20%, 8x11.5, Radial 1 (1) Murata Panasonic(4) (5) L1 FP3-1R0-R Cooper Q3, Q4 NDS8425 Fairchild(7) R1A CRCW0603300RFKEA Vishay Dale(6) 300Ω, resistor, 1%, 0603 R1B CRCW06031101FKEA (6) Vishay Dale 510Ω, resistor, 1%, 0603 R1C CRCW0603806RFKEA Vishay Dale(6) 806Ω, resistor, 1%, 0603 R1D CRCW06031K10FKEA Vishay Dale(6) 1.1K, resistor, 1%, 0603 CRCW0603698RFKEA (6) 698Ω, resistor, 1%, 0603 (6) R2 Qty. (3) 06035C104KAT2A GRM188R71H104KA93D Description Vishay Dale 1µH,6.26A Inductor 1 MOSFET, N-CH 20V 7.4A 8-SOIC 2 1 1 R3 CRCW06032002FKEA Vishay Dale 20K, resistor, 1%, 0603 1 R4 CRCW06034752FKEA Vishay Dale(6) 47.5K, resistor, 1%, 0603 1 R6, R8, R11, R17, R21 CRCW06032R20RFKEA Vishay Dale(6) 2.2Ω, resistor, 1%, 0603 5 R7 CRCW060349R9RFKEA Vishay Dale(6) R9 CRCW06031002FKEA 49.9Ω, resistor, 1%, 0603 1 (6) 10K, resistor, 1%, 0603 1 (6) Vishay Dale R10, R19 CRCW06031K00FKEA Vishay Dale 1K, resistor, 1%, 0603 2 R12 CRCW0603000RFKEA Vishay Dale(6) 0Ω, resistor, 1%, 0603 1 (6) 1Ω, resistor, 1.5W, 1%, 2512 3 (6) 2Ω, resistor, 1.5W, 1%, 2512 1 (6) R13, R14, R24 R15 CRCW25121R00FKEGHP CRCW25122R00JNEG Vishay Dale Vishay Dale R16, R18, R20 CRCW06031003FKEA Vishay Dale 100K, resistor, 1%, 0603 3 R22, R23 LR2512-R50FW Vishay Dale(6) 0.5Ω, resistor, 1.5W, 1%, 2512 2 RV1 PV36W103C01B00 Pot, 10KΩ, 0.5W, 9.6x5xx10 1 Murata(1) (9) U1 MIC22405YML Micrel U2 MIC5166YMM Micrel(9) U3 SN74AHCT00RGYR U4 U5 MIC1557YM5 MIC4425 TI(8) 4A, Synchronous Buck Regulator 1 3A High-Speed Low VIN DDR Terminator 1 Quad, 2IN Pos-NAND Gate, 14-pin, QFN 1 Micrel (9) 5MHz RC Timer Oscillator 1 Micrel (9) 3A Dual Inverting and Non-Inverting MOSFET Driver 1 Notes: 1. Murata Tel: www.murata.com. 2. TDK: www.tdk.com. 3. AVX: www.avx.com. 4. Panasonic: www.panasonic.com. 5. Cooper: www.cooper.com 6. Vishay Dale: www.vishay.com. 7. Fairchild: www.fairchildsemi.com. 8. TI: www.ti.com 9. Micrel, Inc.: www.micrel.com. June 2012 20 M9999-060612-A Micrel, Inc. MIC5166 PCB Layout Recommendations Top Silk Copper Layer 1 June 2012 21 M9999-060612-A Micrel, Inc. MIC5166 PCB Layout Recommendations (Continued) Copper Layer 2 Copper Layer 3 June 2012 22 M9999-060612-A Micrel, Inc. MIC5166 PCB Layout Recommendations (Continued) Copper Layer 4 Bottom Silk June 2012 23 M9999-060612-A Micrel, Inc. MIC5166 Package Information 10-Pin 3mm × 3mm MLF® (ML) June 2012 24 M9999-060612-A Micrel, Inc. MIC5166 Recommended Landing Pattern 10-Pin 3mm × 3mm MLF® Land Pattern MICREL, INC. 2180 FORTUNE DRIVE SAN JOSE, CA 95131 USA TEL +1 (408) 944-0800 FAX +1 (408) 474-1000 WEB http://www.micrel.com Micrel makes no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the information furnished in this data sheet. This information is not intended as a warranty and Micrel does not assume responsibility for its use. Micrel reserves the right to change circuitry, specifications and descriptions at any time without notice. No license, whether express, implied, arising by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document. Except as provided in Micrel’s terms and conditions of sale for such products, Micrel assumes no liability whatsoever, and Micrel disclaims any express or implied warranty relating to the sale and/or use of Micrel products including liability or warranties relating to fitness for a particular purpose, merchantability, or infringement of any patent, copyright or other intellectual property right. Micrel Products are not designed or authorized for use as components in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of a product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A Purchaser’s use or sale of Micrel Products for use in life support appliances, devices or systems is a Purchaser’s own risk and Purchaser agrees to fully indemnify Micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale. © 2012 Micrel, Incorporated. June 2012 25 M9999-060612-A