TL16C752B-EP 3.3-V DUAL UART WITH 64-BYTE FIFO SGLS153 – FEBRUARY 2003 D Controlled Baseline D D D D D D D D D D D D D Optional Data Flow Resume by Xon Any – One Assembly/Test Site, One Fabrication Site Extended Temperature Performance of –40°C to 110°C Enhanced Diminishing Manufacturing Sources (DMS) Support Enhanced Product Change Notification Qualification Pedigree† Pin Compatible With ST16C2550 With Additional Enhancements Up to 1.5-Mbps Baud Rate When Using Crystal (24-MHz Input Clock) Up to 3-Mbps Baud Rate When Using Oscillator or Clock Source (48-MHz Input Clock) 64-Byte Transmit FIFO 64-Byte Receive FIFO With Error Flags Programmable and Selectable Transmit and Receive FIFO Trigger Levels for DMA and Interrupt Generation Programmable Receive FIFO Trigger Levels for Software/Hardware Flow Control Software/Hardware Flow Control – Programmable Xon/Xoff Characters – Programmable Auto-RTS and Auto-CTS Character D DMA Signaling Capability for Both D D D D D D D D D D D D Received and Transmitted Data Supports 3.3-V Operation Software Selectable Baud Rate Generator Prescaler Provides Additional Divide By Four Function Fast Access Time 2 Clock Cycle IOR/IOW Pulse Width Programmable Sleep Mode Programmable Serial Interface Characteristics – 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-Bit Characters – Even, Odd, or No Parity Bit Generation and Detection – 1, 1.5, or 2 Stop Bit Generation False Start Bit Detection Complete Status Reporting Capabilities in Both Normal and Sleep Mode Line Break Generation and Detection Internal Test and Loopback Capabilities Fully Prioritized Interrupt System Controls Modem Control Functions (CTS, RTS, DSR, DTR, RI, and CD) description The TL16C752B-EP is a dual-universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART) with 64-byte FIFOs, automatic hardware/software flow control, and data rates up to 3 Mbps. The TL16C752B-EP offers enhanced features. It has a transmission control register (TCR) that stores receiver FIFO threshold levels to start/stop transmission during hardware and software flow control. With the FIFO RDY register, the software gets the status of TXRDY/RXRDY for all four ports in one access. On-chip status registers provide the user with error indications, operational status, and modem interface control. System interrupts may be tailored to meet user requirements. An internal loopback capability allows onboard diagnostics. The UART transmits data, sent to it over the peripheral 8-bit bus, on the TX signal and receives characters on the RX signal. Characters can be programmed to be 5, 6, 7, or 8 bits. The UART has a 64-byte receive FIFO and transmit FIFO and can be programmed to interrupt at different trigger levels. The UART generates its own desired baud rate based upon a programmable divisor and its input clock. It can transmit even, odd, or no parity and 1, 1.5, or 2 stop bits. The receiver can detect break, idle, or framing errors, FIFO overflow, and parity errors. The transmitter can detect FIFO underflow. The UART also contains a software interface for modem control operations, and has software flow control and hardware flow control capabilities. Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. † Component qualification in accordance with JEDEC and industry standards to ensure reliable operation over an extended temperature range. This includes, but is not limited to, Highly Accelerated Stress Test (HAST) or biased 85/85, temperature cycle, autoclave or unbiased HAST, electromigration, bond intermetallic life, and mold compound life. Such qualification testing should not be viewed as justifying use of this component beyond specified performance and environmental limits. Copyright 2003, Texas Instruments Incorporated PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 1 TL16C752B-EP 3.3-V DUAL UART WITH 64-BYTE FIFO SGLS153 – FEBRUARY 2003 description (continued) The TL16C752B-EP is available in a 48-pin PT (LQFP) package. D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 TXRDYA VCC RIA CDA DSRA CTSA NC PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 D5 D6 D7 RXB RXA TXRDYB TXA TXB OPB CSA CSB NC 1 36 2 35 3 34 4 33 5 32 6 31 7 30 8 29 9 28 10 27 11 26 12 25 RESET DTRB DTRA RTSA OPA RXRDYA INTA INTB A0 A1 A2 NC XTAL1 XTAL2 IOW CDB GND RXRDYB IOR DSRB RIB RTSB CTSB NC 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 NC – No internal connection AVAILABLE OPTIONS TA – 40°C to 110°C PACKAGE TL16C752BTPTREP Terminal Functions TERMINAL NAME NO. I/O DESCRIPTION A0 28 I Address 0 select bit. Internal registers address selection A1 27 I Address 1 select bit. Internal registers address selection A2 26 I Address 2 select bit. Internal registers address selection CDA, CDB 40, 16 I Carrier detect (active low). These inputs are associated with individual UART channels A and B. A low on these pins indicates that a carrier has been detected by the modem for that channel. The state of these inputs is reflected in the modem status register (MSR). CSA, CSB 10, 11 I Chip select A and B (active low). These pins enable data transfers between the user CPU and the TL16C752B-EP for the channel(s) addressed. Individual UART sections (A, B) are addressed by providing a low on the respective CS A and CS B pins. I Clear to send (active low). These inputs are associated with individual UART channels A and B. A logic low on the CTS pins indicates the modem or data set is ready to accept transmit data from the TL16C752B-EP. Status can be tested by reading MSR bit 4. These pins only affect the transmit and receive operations when auto CTS function is enabled through the enhanced feature register (EFR) bit 7, for hardware flow control operation. CTSA, CTSB 2 38, 23 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TL16C752B-EP 3.3-V DUAL UART WITH 64-BYTE FIFO SGLS153 – FEBRUARY 2003 Terminal Functions (Continued) TERMINAL NAME NO. I/O DESCRIPTION D0–D4 D5–D7 44–48, 1–3 I/O Data bus (bidirectional). These pins are the eight bit, 3-state data bus for transferring information to or from the controlling CPU. D0 is the least significant bit and the first data bit in a transmit or receive serial data stream. DSRA, DSRB 39, 20 I Data set ready (active low). These inputs are associated with individual UART channels A and B. A logic low on these pins indicates the modem or data set is powered on and is ready for data exchange with the UART. The state of these inputs is reflected in the modem status register (MSR) DTRA, DTRB 34, 35 O Data terminal ready (active low). These outputs are associated with individual UART channels A and B. A logic low on these pins indicates that the TL16C752B-EP is powered on and ready. These pins can be controlled through the modem control register. Writing a 1 to MCR bit 0 sets the DTR output to low, enabling the modem. The output of these pins is high after writing a 0 to MCR bit 0, or after a reset. GND 17 Pw r INTA, INTB 30, 29 O Interrupt A and B (active high). These pins provide individual channel interrupts, INT A and B. INT A and B are enabled when MCR bit 3 is set to a logic 1, interrupt sources are enabled in the interrupt enable register (IER). Interrupt conditions include: receiver errors, available receiver buffer data, available transmit buffer space or when a modem status flag is detected. INTA–B are in the high-impedance state after reset. IOR 19 I Read input (active low strobe). A high-to-low transition on IOR loads the contents of an internal register defined by address bits A0–A2 onto the TL16C752B-EP data bus (D0–D7) for access by an external CPU. IOW 15 I Write input (active low strobe). A low to high transition on IOW transfers the contents of the data bus (D0–D7) from the external CPU to an internal register that is defined by address bits A0–A2 and CSA and CSB 32, 9 0 User defined outputs. This function is associated with individual channels A and B. The state of these pins is defined by the user through the software settings of the MCR register, bit 3. INTA–B are set to active mode and OP to a logic 0 when the MCR–3 is set to a logic 1. INTA–B are set to the 3-state mode and OP to a logic 1 when MCR-3 is set to a logic 0. See bit 3, modem control register (MCR bit 3). The output of these two pins is high after reset. RESET 36 I Reset. RESET resets the internal registers and all the outputs. The UART transmitter output and the receiver input is disabled during reset time. See TL16C752B-EP external reset conditions for initialization details. RESET is an active-high input. RIA, RIB 41, 21 I Ring indicator (active low). These inputs are associated with individual UART channels A and B. A logic low on these pins indicates the modem has received a ringing signal from the telephone line. A low to high transition on these input pins generates a modem status interrupt, if enabled. The state of these inputs is reflected in the modem status register (MSR) 33, 22 O Request to send (active low). These outputs are associated with individual UART channels A and B. A low on the RTS pin indicates the transmitter has data ready and waiting to send. Writing a 1 in the modem control register (MCR bit 1) sets these pins to low, indicating data is available. After a reset, these pins are set to high. These pins only affect the transmit and receive operation when auto RTS function is enabled through the enhanced feature register (EFR) bit 6, for hardware flow control operation. RXA, RXB 5, 4 I Receive data input. These inputs are associated with individual serial channel data to the TL16C752B-EP. During the local loopback mode, these RX input pins are disabled and TX data is internally connected to the UART RX input internally. RXRDYA, RXRDYB 31, 18 O Receive ready (active low). RXRDY A and B goes low when the trigger level has been reached or a timeout interrupt occurs. They go high when the RX FIFO is empty or there is an error in RX FIFO. TXA, TXB 7, 8 O Transmit data. These outputs are associated with individual serial transmit channel data from the TL16C752B-EP. During the local loopback mode, the TX input pin is disabled and TX data is internally connected to the UART RX input. TXRDYA, TXRDYB 43, 6 O Transmit ready (active low). TXRDY A and B go low when there are at least a trigger level numbers of spaces available. They go high when the TX buffer is full. VCC 42 I Power supply inputs. XTAL1 13 I Crystal or external clock input. XTAL1 functions as a crystal input or as an external clock input. A crystal can be connected between XTAL1 and XTAL2 to form an internal oscillator circuit (see Figure 10). Alternatively, an external clock can be connected to XTAL1 to provide custom data rates. XTAL2 14 O Output of the crystal oscillator or buffered clock. See also XTAL1. XTAL2 is used as a crystal oscillator output or buffered a clock output. OPA, OPB RTSA, RTSB Signal and power ground POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 3 TL16C752B-EP 3.3-V DUAL UART WITH 64-BYTE FIFO SGLS153 – FEBRUARY 2003 functional block diagram Modem Control Signals Control Signals Bus Interface Control and Status Block Status Signals Divisor Control Signals Baud Rate Generator Status Signals UART_CLK RX Receiver FIFO 64-Byte Receiver Block Logic Vote Logic RX TX Transmitter FIFO 64-Byte Transmitter Block Logic TX NOTE: The vote logic determines whether the RX data is a logic 1 or 0. It takes three samples of the RX line and uses a majority vote to determine the logic level received. The vote logic operates on all bits received. functional description The TL16C752B-EP UART is pin-compatible with the ST16C2550 UART. It provides more enhanced features. All additional features are provided through a special enhanced feature register. The UART performs a serial-to-parallel conversion on data characters received from peripheral devices or modems and parallel-to-parallel conversion on data characters transmitted by the processor. The complete status of each channel of the TL16C752B-EP UART can be read at any time during functional operation by the processor. The TL16C752B-EP can be placed in an alternate mode (FIFO mode) relieving the processor of excessive software overhead by buffering received/transmitted characters. Both the receiver and transmitter FIFOs can store up to 64 bytes (including three additional bits of error status per byte for the receiver FIFO) and have selectable or programmable trigger levels. Primary outputs RXRDY and TXRDY allow signalling of DMA transfers. The TL16C752B-EP has selectable hardware flow control and software flow control. Hardware flow control significantly reduces software overhead and increases system efficiency by automatically controlling serial data flow using the RTS output and CTS input signals. Software flow control automatically controls data flow by using programmable Xon/Xoff characters. The UART includes a programmable baud rate generator that can divide the timing reference clock input by a divisor between 1 and (216–1). 4 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TL16C752B-EP 3.3-V DUAL UART WITH 64-BYTE FIFO SGLS153 – FEBRUARY 2003 functional description (continued) trigger levels The TL16C752B-EP provides independent selectable and programmable trigger levels for both receiver and transmitter DMA and interrupt generation. After reset, both transmitter and receiver FIFOs are disabled and so, in effect, the trigger level is the default value of one byte. The selectable trigger levels are available via the FCR. The programmable trigger levels are available via the TLR. hardware flow control Hardware flow control is comprised of auto-CTS and auto-RTS. Auto-CTS and auto-RTS can be enabled/ disabled independently by programming EFR[7:6]. With auto-CTS, CTS must be active before the UART can transmit data. Auto-RTS only activates the RTS output when there is enough room in the FIFO to receive data and deactivates the RTS output when the RX FIFO is sufficiently full. The halt and resume trigger levels in the TCR determine the levels at which RTS is activated/deactivated. If both auto-CTS and auto-RTS are enabled, when RTS is connected to CTS, data transmission does not occur unless the receiver FIFO has empty space. Thus, overrun errors are eliminated during hardware flow control. If not enabled, overrun errors occur if the transmit data rate exceeds the receive FIFO servicing latency. auto-RTS Auto-RTS data flow control originates in the receiver block (see functional block diagram). Figure 1 shows RTS functional timing. The receiver FIFO trigger levels used in auto-RTS are stored in the TCR. RTS is active if the RX FIFO level is below the halt trigger level in TCR[3:0]. When the receiver FIFO halt trigger level is reached, RTS is deasserted. The sending device (e.g., another UART) may send an additional byte after the trigger level is reached (assuming the sending UART has another byte to send), because it may not recognize the deassertion of RTS until it has begun sending the additional byte. RTS is automatically reasserted once the receiver FIFO reaches the resume trigger level programmed via TCR[7:4]. This reassertion allows the sending device to resume transmission. RX Start Byte N Stop Start Byte N+1 Stop Start RTS IOR 1 2 N N+1 NOTES: 1. N = receiver FIFO trigger level 2. The two blocks in dashed lines cover the case where an additional byte is sent as described in Auto-RTS. Figure 1. RTS Functional Timing POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 5 TL16C752B-EP 3.3-V DUAL UART WITH 64-BYTE FIFO SGLS153 – FEBRUARY 2003 functional description (continued) auto-CTS The transmitter circuitry checks CTS before sending the next data byte. When CTS is active, the transmitter sends the next byte. To stop the transmitter from sending the following byte. CTS must be deasserted before the middle of the last stop bit that is currently being sent. The auto-CTS function reduces interrupts to the host system. When flow control is enabled, the CTS state changes and need not trigger host interrupts because the device automatically controls its own transmitter. Without auto-CTS, the transmitter sends any data present in the transmit FIFO and a receiver overrun error can result. Figure 2 shows CTS functional timing, and Figure 3 shows an example of autoflow control. TX Start Byte 0–7 Stop Start Byte 0–7 Stop CTS NOTES: A. When CTS is low, the transmitter keeps sending serial data out B. When CTS goes high before the middle of the last stop bit of the current byte, the transmitter finishes sending the current byte but it does not send the next byte. C. When CTS goes from high to low, the transmitter begins sending data again. Figure 2. CTS Functional Timing UART 1 UART 2 Serial to Parallel RX TX Parallel to Serial RX FIFO TX FIFO Flow Control RTS CTS Flow Control D7–D0 D7–D0 Parallel to Serial TX RX Serial to Parallel TX FIFO RX FIFO Flow Control CTS RTS Flow Control Figure 3. Autoflow Control (Auto-RTS and Auto-CTS) Example 6 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TL16C752B-EP 3.3-V DUAL UART WITH 64-BYTE FIFO SGLS153 – FEBRUARY 2003 functional description (continued) software flow control Software flow control is enabled through the enhanced feature register and the modem control register. Different combinations of software flow control can be enabled by setting different combinations of EFR[3–0]. Table 1 shows software flow control options. There are two other enhanced features relating to S/W flow control: – Xon Any Function [MCR(5)]: Operation resumes after receiving any character after recognizing the Xoff character. NOTE: It is possible that an Xon1 character is recognized as an Xon Any character which could cause an Xon2 character to be written to the RX FIFO. – Special Character [EFR(5)]: Incoming data is compared to Xoff2. Detection of the special character sets the Xoff interrupt [IIR(4)] but does not halt transmission. The Xoff interrupt is cleared by a read of the IIR. The special character is transferred to the RX FIFO. Table 1. Software Flow Control Options EFR[0:3] BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 Tx, Rx SOFTWARE FLOW CONTROLS 0 0 X X No transmit flow control 1 0 X X Transmit Xon1, Xoff1 0 1 X X Transmit Xon2, Xoff2 1 1 X X Transmit Xon1, Xon2: Xoff1, Xoff2 X X 0 0 No receive flow control X X 1 0 Receiver compares Xon1, Xoff1 X X 0 1 Receiver compares Xon2, Xoff2 1 0 1 1 Transmit Xon1, Xoff1 Receiver compares Xon1 and Xon2, Xoff1 and Xoff2 0 1 1 1 Transmit Xon2, Xoff2 Receiver compares Xon1 and Xon2, Xoff1 and Xoff2 1 1 1 1 Transmit Xon1, Xon2: Xoff1, Xoff2 Receiver compares Xon1 and Xon2: Xoff1 and Xoff2 0 0 1 1 No transmit flow control Receiver compares Xon1 and Xon2: Xoff1 and Xoff2 RX When software flow control operation is enabled, the TL16C752B-EP compares incoming data with Xoff1/2 programmed characters (in certain cases Xoff1 and Xoff2 must be received sequentially1). When the correct Xoff characters are received, transmission is halted after completing transmission of the current character. Xoff detection also sets IIR[4] (if enabled via IER[5]) and causes INT to go high. To resume transmission an Xon1/2 character must be received (in certain cases Xon1 and Xon2 must be received sequentially). When the correct Xon characters are received IIR[4] is cleared and the Xoff interrupt disappears. NOTE: If a parity, framing, or break error occurs while receiving a software flow control character, this character is treated as normal data and is written to the RCV FIFO. 1. When pairs of Xon/Xoff characters are programmed to occur sequentially, received Xon1/Xoff1 characters must be written to the Rx FIFO if the subsequent character is not Xon2/Xoff2. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 7 TL16C752B-EP 3.3-V DUAL UART WITH 64-BYTE FIFO SGLS153 – FEBRUARY 2003 functional description (continued) TX Xoff1/2 characters are transmitted when the RX FIFO has passed the HALT trigger level programmed in TCR[3:0]. Xon1/2 characters are transmitted when the RX FIFO reaches the RESUME trigger level programmed in TCR[7:4]. An important note here is that if, after an xoff character has been sent and software flow control is disabled, the UART transmits Xon characters automatically to enable normal transmission to proceed. A feature of the TL16C752B-EP UART design is that if the software flow combination (EFR[3:0]) changes after an Xoff has been sent, the originally programmed Xon is automatically sent. If the RX FIFO is still above the trigger level, the newly programmed Xoff1/2 is transmitted. The transmission of Xoff/Xon(s) follows the exact same protocol as transmission of an ordinary byte from the FIFO. This means that even if the word length is set to be 5, 6, or 7 characters then the 5, 6, or 7 least significant bits of Xoff1,2/Xon1,2 is transmitted. (Note that the transmission of 5, 6, or 7 bits of a character is seldom done, but this functionality is included to maintain compatibility with earlier designs.) It is assumed that software flow control and hardware flow control are never enabled simultaneously. Figure 4 shows an example of software flow control. UART 1 UART 2 Transmit FIFO Receive FIFO Parallel to Serial Data Serial to Parallel Xoff – Xon – Xoff Serial to Parallel Parallel to Serial Xon-1 Word Xon-1 Word Xon-2 Word Xon-2 Word Xoff-1 Word Xoff-1 Word Xoff-1 Word Compare Programmed Xon–Xoff Characters Xoff-2 Word Figure 4. Software Flow Control Example 8 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TL16C752B-EP 3.3-V DUAL UART WITH 64-BYTE FIFO SGLS153 – FEBRUARY 2003 functional description (continued) software flow control example Assumptions: UART1 is transmitting a large text file to UART2. Both UARTs are using software flow control with single character Xoff (0F) and Xon (0D) tokens. Both have Xoff threshold (TCR [3:0]=F) set to 60 and Xon threshold (TCR[7:4]=8) set to 32. Both have the interrupt receive threshold (TLR[7:4]=D) set to 52. UART1 begins transmission and sends 52 characters, at which point UART2 generates an interrupt to its processor to service the RCV FIFO, but assume the interrupt latency is fairly long. UART1 continues sending characters until a total of 60 characters have been sent. At this time UART2 transmits a 0F to UART1, informing UART1 to halt transmission. UART1 likely sends the 61st character, while UART2 is sending the Xoff character. UART2 is serviced and the processor reads enough data out of the RCV FIFO that the level drops to 32. UART2 now sends a 0D to UART1, informing UART1 to resume transmission. reset Table 2 summarizes the state of registers after reset. Table 2. Register Reset Functions RESET CONTROL REGISTER RESET STATE Interrupt enable register RESET All bits cleared Interrupt identification register RESET Bit 0 is set. All other bits cleared. FIFO control register RESET All bits cleared Line control register RESET Reset to 00011101 (1D hex). Modem control register RESET All bits cleared Line status register RESET Bits 5 and 6 set. All other bits cleared. Modem status register RESET Bits 0 – 3 cleared. Bits 4 – 7 input signals. Enhanced feature register RESET All bits cleared Receiver holding register RESET Pointer logic cleared Transmitter holding register RESET Pointer logic cleared Transmission control register RESET All bits cleared Trigger level register RESET All bits cleared NOTE: Registers DLL, DLH, SPR, Xon1, Xon2, Xoff1, Xoff2 are not reset by the top-level reset signal RESET, i.e., they hold their initialization values during reset. Table 3 summarizes the state of registers after reset. Table 3. Signal Reset Functions RESET CONTROL RESET STATE TX RESET High RTS RESET High DTR RESET High RXRDY RESET High TXRDY RESET Low SIGNAL interrupts The TL16C752B-EP has interrupt generation and prioritization (6 prioritized levels of interrupts) capability. The interrupt enable register (IER) enables each of the 6 types of interrupts and the INT signal in response to an interrupt generation. The IER can also disable the interrupt system by clearing bits 0–3, 5–7. When an interrupt is generated, the IIR indicates that an interrupt is pending and provides the type of interrupt through IIR[5–0]. Table 4 summarizes the interrupt control functions. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 9 TL16C752B-EP 3.3-V DUAL UART WITH 64-BYTE FIFO SGLS153 – FEBRUARY 2003 functional description (continued) Table 4. Interrupt Control Functions IIR[5–0] PRIORITY LEVEL INTERRUPT TYPE 000001 None None 000110 1 Receiver line status INTERRUPT SOURCE INTERRUPT RESET METHOD None None OE, FE, PE, or BI errors occur in characters in the RX FIFO FE, PE, BI: All erroneous characters are read from the RX FIFO. OE: Read LSR 001100 2 RX timeout Stale data in RX FIFO Read RHR 000100 2 RHR interrupt DRDY (data ready) (FIFO disable) RX FIFO above trigger level (FIFO enable) Read RHR 000010 3 THR interrupt TFE (THR empty) (FIFO disable) TX FIFO passes above trigger level (FIFO enable) Read IIR OR a write to the THR 000000 4 Modem status MSR[3:0] = 0 Read MSR 010000 5 Xoff interrupt Receive Xoff character(s)/special character Receive Xon character(s)/Read of IIR 100000 6 CTS, RTS RTS pin or CTS pin change state from active (low) to inactive (high) Read IIR It is important to note that for the framing error, parity error, and break conditions, LSR[7] generates the interrupt. LSR[7] is set when there is an error anywhere in the RX FIFO and is cleared only when there are no more errors remaining in the FIFO. LSR[4 – 2] always represent the error status for the received character at the top of the RX FIFO. Reading the RX FIFO updates LSR[4 – 2] to the appropriate status for the new character at the top of the FIFO. If the RX FIFO is empty, then LSR[4– 2] are all zeros. For the Xoff interrupt, if an Xoff flow character detection caused the interrupt, the interrupt is cleared by an Xon flow character detection. If a special character detection caused the interrupt, the interrupt is cleared by a read of the LSR. interrupt mode operation In interrupt mode (if any bit of IER[3:0] is 1) the processor is informed of the status of the receiver and transmitter by an interrupt signal, INT. Therefore, it is not necessary to continuously poll the line stats register (LSR) to see if any interrupt needs to be serviced. Figure 5 shows interrupt mode operation. IER IOW/IOR Processor 1 INT 1 1 IIR THR Figure 5. Interrupt Mode Operation 10 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 RHR 1 TL16C752B-EP 3.3-V DUAL UART WITH 64-BYTE FIFO SGLS153 – FEBRUARY 2003 functional description (continued) polled mode operation In polled mode (IER[3:0]=0000) the status of the receiver and transmitter can be checked by polling the line status register (LSR). This mode is an alternative to the FIFO interrupt mode of operation where the status of the receiver and transmitter is automatically known by means of interrupts sent to the CPU. Figure 6 shows FIFO polled mode operation. LSR IOW/IOR Processor IER 0 0 THR 0 0 RHR Figure 6. FIFO Polled Mode Operation DMA signalling There are two modes of DMA operation: DMA mode 0 or 1, selected by FCR[3]. In DMA mode 0 or FIFO disable (FCR[0]=0) DMA occurs in single character transfers. In DMA mode 1 multicharacter (or block) DMA transfers are managed to relieve the processor for longer periods of time. single DMA transfers (DMA mode0/FIFO disable) Transmitter: When empty, the TXRDY signal becomes active. TXRDY goes inactive after one character has been loaded into it. Receiver: RXRDY is active when there is at least one character in the FIFO. It becomes inactive when the receiver is empty. Figure 7 shows TXRDY and RXRDY in DMA mode0/FIFO disable. TX RX TXRDY wrptr At Least One Location Filled RXRDY rdptr At Least One Location Filled TXRDY wrptr FIFO Empty RXRDY rdptr FIFO Empty Figure 7. TXRDY and RXRDY in DMA Mode 0/FIFO Disable POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 11 TL16C752B-EP 3.3-V DUAL UART WITH 64-BYTE FIFO SGLS153 – FEBRUARY 2003 functional description (continued) block DMA transfers (DMA mode 1) Transmitter: TXRDY is active when there is a trigger level number of spaces available. It becomes inactive when the FIFO is full. Receiver: RXRDY becomes active when the trigger level has been reached or when a timeout interrupt occurs. It goes inactive when the FIFO is empty or an error in the RX FIFO is flagged by LSR(7) Figure 8 shows TXRDY and RXRDY in DMA mode 1. wrptr TX RX Trigger Level TXRDY RXRDY rdptr FIFO Full At Least One Location Filled Trigger Level TXRDY RXRDY wrptr rdptr FIFO Empty Figure 8. TXRDY and RXRDY in DMA Mode 1 sleep mode Sleep mode is an enhanced feature of the TL16C752B-EP UART. It is enabled when EFR[4], the enhanced functions bit, is set AND when IER[4] is set. Sleep mode is entered when: – The serial data input line, RX, is idle (see break and time-out conditions). – The TX FIFO and TX shift register are empty. – There are no interrupts pending except THR and time-out interrupts. NOTE: Sleep mode is not entered if there is data in the RX FIFO. In sleep mode the UART clock and baud rate clock are stopped. Since most registers are clocked using these clocks, the power consumption is greatly reduced. The UART wakes up when any change is detected on the RX line, when there is any change in the state of the modem input pins, or if data is written to the TX FIFO. NOTE: Writing to the divisor latches, DLL and DLH, to set the baud clock, must not be done during sleep mode. Therefore it is advisable to disable sleep mode using IER[4] before writing to DLL or DLH. break and timeout conditions An RX idle condition is detected when the receiver line, RX, has been high for a time equivalent to (4X programmed word length)+12 bits. The receiver line is sampled midway through each bit. When a break condition occurs the TX line is pulled low. A break condition is activated by setting LCR[6]. 12 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TL16C752B-EP 3.3-V DUAL UART WITH 64-BYTE FIFO SGLS153 – FEBRUARY 2003 functional description (continued) programmable baud rate generator The TL16C752B-EP UART contains a programmable baud generator that takes any clock input and divides it by a divisor in the range between 1 and (216–1). An additional divide-by-4 prescaler is also available and can be selected by MCR[7], as shown in Figure 9. The output frequency of the baud rate generator is 16x the baud rate. The formula for the divisor is: divisor = (XTAL1 crystal input frequency/prescaler) / (desired baud rate × 16) where: prescaler + ȡ1, when MCR[7] is set to 0 after reset (divide-by-1 clock selected) ȥ4, when MCR[7] is set to 1 after reset (divide-by-4 clock selected) Ȣ NOTE: The default value of prescaler after reset is divide-by-1. Figure 9 shows the internal prescaler and baud rate generator circuitry. Prescaler Logic (Divide By 1) XTAL1 XTAL2 Internal Oscillator Logic MCR[7] = 0 Input Clock Prescaler Logic (Divide By 4) Reference Clock Baud Rate Generator Logic Internal Baud Rate Clock for Transmitter and Receiver MCR[7] = 1 Figure 9. Prescaler and Baud Rate Generator Block Diagram DLL and DLH must be written to in order to program the baud rate. DLL and DLH are the least significant and most significant byte of the baud rate divisor. If DLL and DLH value are both zero, the UART is effectively disabled, as no baud clock is generated. NOTE: The programmable baud rate generator is provided to select both the transmit and receive clock rates. Table 5 and Table 6 show the baud rate and divisor correlation for crystal with frequency 1.8432 MHz and 3.072 MHz respectively. Figure 10 shows the crystal clock circuit reference. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 13 TL16C752B-EP 3.3-V DUAL UART WITH 64-BYTE FIFO SGLS153 – FEBRUARY 2003 programmable baud rate generator (continued) Table 5. Baud Rates Using a 1.8432-MHz Crystal DESIRED BAUD RATE DIVISOR USED TO GENERATE 16 × CLOCK 50 2304 PERCENT ERROR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DESIRED AND ACTUAL 75 1536 110 1047 0.026 134.5 857 0.058 150 768 300 384 600 192 1200 96 1800 64 2000 58 2400 48 3600 32 4800 24 7200 16 9600 12 19200 6 38400 3 56000 2 0.69 2.86 Table 6. Baud Rates Using a 3.072-MHz Crystal DESIRED BAUD RATE 14 DIVISOR USED TO GENERATE 16 × CLOCK 50 3840 75 2560 PERCENT ERROR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DESIRED AND ACTUAL 110 1745 0.026 134.5 1428 0.034 150 1280 300 640 600 320 1200 160 1800 107 2000 96 2400 80 3600 53 4800 40 7200 27 9600 20 19200 10 38400 5 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 0.312 0.628 1.23 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TL16C752B-EP 3.3-V DUAL UART WITH 64-BYTE FIFO SGLS153 – FEBRUARY 2003 programmable baud generator (continued) VCC Driver External Clock VCC XTAL1 XTAL1 C1 Crystal RP Optional Clock Output Optional Driver XTAL2 RX2 Oscillator Clock to Baud Generator Logic Oscillator Clock to Baud Generator Logic XTAL2 C2 TYPICAL CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR NETWORK CRYSTAL RP RX2 C1 C2 3.072 MHz 1 MΩ 1.5 kΩ 10 pF – 30 pF 40 pF – 60 pF 1.8432 MHz 1 MΩ 1.5 kΩ 10 pF – 30 pF 40 pF – 60 pF Figure 10. Typical Crystal Clock Circuits† † For crystal with fundamental frequency from 1 MHz to 24 MHz NOTE: For input clock frequency higher than 24 MHz, the crystal is not allowed and the oscillator must be used, since the TL16C752B-EP internal oscillator cell can only support the crystal frequency up to 24 MHz. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 15 TL16C752B-EP 3.3-V DUAL UART WITH 64-BYTE FIFO SGLS153 – FEBRUARY 2003 absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted)† Supply voltage range, VCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0.5 V to 3.6 V Input voltage range, VI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0.5 V to VCC + 0.5 V Output voltage range, VO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0.5 V to VCC + 0.5 V Operating free-air temperature range, TA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 40°C to 110°C Storage temperature range, Tstg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 65°C to 150°C † Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. recommended operating conditions low voltage (3.3 V nominal) Supply voltage, VCC Input voltage, VI MIN NOM MAX 2.7 3.3 3.6 V VCC VCC V 0.3 VCC V VCC V 0 High-level input voltage, VIH (see Note 3) 0.7 VCC Low-level input voltage, VIL (see Note 3) Output voltage, VO (see Note 4) 0 High level output current, High-level current VOH IOH = –8 mA, IOH = –4 mA, Low level output current, Low-level current VOL IOL = –8 mA, IOL = 4 mA, See Note 6 See Note 7 VCC–0.8 VCC–0.8 See Note 6 0.5 0.5 Input capacitance, CI – 40 Virtual junction temperature range, TJ (see Note 5) pF 25 110 °C 25 125 °C 48 MHz 50% 36 MHz, 3.6 V Supply Su ly current, ICC (see Note 9) V 18 Oscillator/clock speed (see Note 8) Clock duty cycle V V See Note 7 Operating free-air temperature, TA UNIT 5 MHz, 3.6 V Sleep mode, 3.6 V 20 6 mA 1.2 NOTES: 3. Meets TTL levels, VIO(min) = 2 V and VIH(max) = 0.8 V on nonhysteresis inputs. 4. Applies for external output buffers. 5. These junction temperatures reflect simulated conditions. Absolute maximum junction temperature is 150°C. The customer is responsible for verifying junction temperature. 6. These parameters apply for D7–D0. 7. These parameters apply for DTRA, DTRB, INIA, INTB, RTSA, RTSB, RXRDYA, RXRDYB, TXRDYA, TXRDYB, TXA, TXB. 8. The internal oscillator cell can only support up to 24 MHz clock frequency to make the crystal oscillating when crystal is used. If external oscillator or other on board clock source is used, the TL16C752B-EP can work for input clock frequency up to 48 MHz. 9. Measurement condition: a) Normal operation other than sleep mode: VCC = 3.3 V, TA = 25°C. Full duplex serial activity on all serial (UART) channels at the clock frequency specified in the recommended operating conditions with divisor of one. b) Sleep mode: VCC = 3.3 V, TA = 25°C. After enabling the sleep mode for all four channels, all serial and host activity is kept idle. 16 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TL16C752B-EP 3.3-V DUAL UART WITH 64-BYTE FIFO SGLS153 – FEBRUARY 2003 timing requirements TA = –40°C to 110°C, VCC = 3.3 V ± 10% (unless otherwise noted) (see Figures 12–19) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN MAX 0 ‡ 2tp(I) UNIT td1 td2 IOR delay from chip select td3 td4 Delay from IOR to data td5 td6 IOW delay from chip select td7 td8 Delay from IOW to output 100-pF load 50 ns Delay to set interrupt from MODEM input 100-pF load 70 ns td9 td10 Delay to reset interrupt from IOR 100-pF load 70 td11 td12 Delay from IOR to reset interrupt 100-pF load 1Rclk 70 ns † td13 td14 Delay from initial INT reset to transmit start td15 td16 Delay from stop to set RXRDY td17 td18 Delay from IOW to set TXRDY td19 th1 Delay between successive assertion of IOW and IOR th2 th3 Chip select hold time from IOW th4 th5 Address hold time Hold time from XTAL1 clock ↓ to IOW or IOR release tp1, tp2 tp3 Clock cycle period 20 ns t(RESET) tsu1 Reset pulse width tsu2 tsu3 Data setup time Read cycle delay Data disable time ns ns 28.5 ns 15 ns 10 ns 2tp(I)‡ Write cycle delay Delay from stop to set interrupt Delay from stop to interrupt ns 100 8 Delay from IOW to reset interrupt Delay from IOR to reset RXRDY Delay from start to reset TXRDY Data hold time Oscillator/clock speed ns 1 Clock 1 µs 70 ns † Setup time from IOW or IOR assertion to XTAL1 clock ↑ tw1 IOR strobe width tw2 IOW strobe width§ † Baud rate ‡ tp(I) = input clock period • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 † 0 ns 0 ns 15 ns 0 ns 20 ns VCC = 3 V Address setup time ns † 70 16 4P‡ Chip select hold time from IOR POST OFFICE BOX 655303 24 ns 48 MHz 200 ns 0 ns 16 ns 20 2tp(I)‡ 2tp(I)‡ ns ns ns 17 TL16C752B-EP 3.3-V DUAL UART WITH 64-BYTE FIFO SGLS153 – FEBRUARY 2003 A0–A2 CS (A–B) ÎÎÎ ÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎ Valid th4 tsu1 Active td1 th1 ÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎ tw1 IOR Active D0–D7 ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ td2 td3 ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ td4 Data Figure 11. General Read Timing A0–A2 CS (A–B) ÎÎÎ ÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎ Valid tsu1 th4 Active td5 th2 ÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎ tw2 IOW Active D0–D7 ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ td6 tsu2 ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ th3 Data Figure 12. General Write Timing td19 IOW IOR tsu3 th5 XTAL1 Figure 13. Alternate Read/Write Strobe Timing 18 ÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎ POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 ÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎ TL16C752B-EP 3.3-V DUAL UART WITH 64-BYTE FIFO SGLS153 – FEBRUARY 2003 IOW Active td7 RTS (A–B) DTR (A–B) Change of State Change of State CD (A–B) CTS (A–B) DSR (A–B) Change of State td8 td8 INT (A–B) Active Active Active td9 Active IOR Active Active td8 RI (A–B) Change of State Figure 14. Modem Input/Output Timing Stop Bit Start Bit Data Bits (5–8) RX (A–B) D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 5 Data Bits 6 Data Bits 7 Data Bits D6 D7 Parity Bit Next Data Start Bit td10 INT (A–B) Active td11 Active IOR 16 Baud Rate Clock Figure 15. Receive Timing POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 19 TL16C752B-EP 3.3-V DUAL UART WITH 64-BYTE FIFO SGLS153 – FEBRUARY 2003 Stop Bit Start Bit Data Bits (5–8) D0 RX (A–B) D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 Parity Bit Next Data Start Bit td15 Active Data Ready RXRDY (A–B) RXRDY td16 Active IOR Figure 16. Receive Ready Timing in Non-FIFO Mode Stop Bit Start Bit Data Bits (5–8) RX (A–B) D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 Parity Bit First Byte That Reaches the Trigger Level td15 Active Data Ready RXRDY (A–B) RXRDY td16 Active IOR Figure 17. Receive Timing in FIFO Mode 20 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TL16C752B-EP 3.3-V DUAL UART WITH 64-BYTE FIFO SGLS153 – FEBRUARY 2003 Stop Bit Start Bit Data Bits (5–8) D0 TX (A–B) D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 Next Data Start Bit Parity Bit 5 Data Bits 6 Data Bits 7 Data Bits td12 Active Tx Ready INT (A–B) td13 td14 Active Active IOW 16 Baud Rate Clock Figure 18. Transmit Timing Stop Bit Start Bit Data Bits (5–8) D0 TX (A–B) D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 Next Data Start Bit Parity Bit IOW Active D0–D7 Byte 1 TXRDY (A–B) td18 td17 Active Transmitter Ready Transmitter Not Ready Figure 19. Transmit Ready Timing in Non-FIFO Mode POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 21 TL16C752B-EP 3.3-V DUAL UART WITH 64-BYTE FIFO SGLS153 – FEBRUARY 2003 Stop Bit Start Bit Data Bits (5–8) D0 TX (A–B) D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 Parity Bit 5 Data Bits 6 Data Bits 7 Data Bits IOW D0–D7 Active Byte 32 td18 td17 TXRDY (A–B) Trigger Lead Figure 20. Transmit Ready Timing in FIFO Mode timing error condition Texas Instruments has discovered a timing anomaly in the TL16C752B-EP. The problem only occurs under a special set of circumstances (non-FIFO mode) and can be worked around by using certain timing. Depending on actual system application, some customers may not see this problem. There are currently no plans to fix this problem, because it is felt that it is a minor issue. It is unlikely the device is used in non-FIFO mode, and if it is, the software workaround does not have a significant impact on throughput (< 1%). problem description When using the non-FIFO (single byte) mode of operation, it is possible that valid data could be reported as available by either the line status register (LSR) or the interrupt identification register (IIR), before the receiver holding register (RHR) can be read. In other words, the loading of valid data in RHR may be delayed when the part operates in non-FIFO mode. The data in the RHr is valid after a delay of one baud-clock period after the update of the LSR or IIR. The baud-clock runs at 16X the baud rate. The following table is a sample of baud rates and associated required delays. Depending on the operating environment, this time may well be transparent to the system, e.g., less than the context switch time of the interrupt service routine. This problem does not exist when using FIFO mode (64 byte) mode of operation. BAUDRATE (BIT PER SECOND) 22 REQUIRED DELAY (µs) 1200 52.1 µs 2400 26 µs 4800 13 µs 9600 6.5 µs 19200 3.3 µs 38400 1.6 µs 57600 1.1 µs 115200 0.5 µs 1000000 62.5 ns POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TL16C752B-EP 3.3-V DUAL UART WITH 64-BYTE FIFO SGLS153 – FEBRUARY 2003 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION register map† Each register is selected using address lines A[0], A[1], A[2], and in some cases, bits from other registers. The programming combinations for register selection are shown in Table 7. All registers shown in bold are accessed by a combination of address pins and register bits. Table 7. Register Map – Read/Write Properties A[2] A[1] A[0] 0 0 0 Receive holding register (RHR) READ MODE Transmit holding register (THR) WRITE MODE 0 0 1 Interrupt enable register (IER) Interrupt enable register 0 1 0 Interrupt identification register (IIR) FIFO control register (FCR) 0 1 1 Line control register (LCR) Line control register 1 0 0 Modem control register (MCR) Modem control register 1 0 1 Line status register (LSR) 1 1 0 Modem status register (MSR) 1 1 1 Scratch register (SPR) Scratch register (SPR) 0 0 0 Divisor latch LSB (DLL) Divisor latch LSB (DLL) 0 0 1 Divisor latch MSB (DLH) Divisor latch MSB (DLH 0 1 0 Enhanced feature register (EFR) Enhanced feature register 1 0 0 Xon-1 word Xon-1 word 1 0 1 Xon-2 word Xon-2 word 1 1 0 Xoff-1 word Xoff-1 word 1 1 1 Xoff-2 word Xoff-2 word 1 1 0 Transmission control register (TCR) Transmission control register 1 1 1 Trigger level register (TLR) Trigger level register 1 1 1 FIFO ready register † DLL and DLH are accessible only when LCR bit-7, is 1. Enhanced feature register, Xon1, 2 and Xoff1, 2 are accessible only when LCR is set to 10111111 (8hBF). Transmission control register and trigger level register are accessible only when EFR[4] = 1 and MCR[6] = 1, i.e. EFR[4] and MCR[6] are read/write enables. FIFORdy register is accessible only when CSA and CSB = 0, MCR [2] = 1 and loopback is disabled (MCR[4]=0). MCR[7] can only be modified when EFR[4] is set. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 23 TL16C752B-EP 3.3-V DUAL UART WITH 64-BYTE FIFO SGLS153 – FEBRUARY 2003 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION Table 8 lists and describes the TL16C752B-EP internal registers. Table 8. TL16C752B-EP Internal Registers Addr REGISTER BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 READ/ WRITE 000 RHR bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 Read 000 THR bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 Write 001 IER 0/CTS interrupt enable† 0/RTS interrupt enable† 0/Xoff sleep mode† 0/X Sleep mode† Modem status interrupt Rx line status interrupt THR empty interrupt Rx data available interrupt Read/Write 010 FCR Rx trigger level Rx trigger level 0/TX trigger level† DMA mode select Resets Tx FIFO Resets Rx FIFO Enables FIFOs Write 010 IIR FCR(0) FCR(0) 0/CTS, RTS† 0/TX trigger level† 0/Xoff† Interrupt priority Bit 2 Interrupt priority Bit 1 Interrupt priority Bit 0 Interrupt status Read 011 LCR DLAB and EFR enable Break control bit Sets parity Parity type select Parity enable Number of stop bits Word length Word length Read/Write 100 MCR 1x or 1x/4 clock TCR and TLR enable 0/Xon Any 0/Enable loopback IRQ enable OP FIFO Rdy enable RTS DTR Read/Write 101 LSR 0/Error in Rx FIFO THR and TSR empty THR empty Break interrupt Framing error Parity error Overrun error Data in receiver Read 110 MSR CD RI DSR CTS ∆CD ∆RI ∆DSR ∆CTS Read 111 SPR bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 Read/Write 000 DLL bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 Read/Write 001 DLH bit 15 bit 14 bit 13 bit 12 bit 11 bit 10 bit 9 bit 8 Read/Write 010 EFR Auto-CTS Auto-RTS Special character detect Enable enhanced functions† S/W flow control Bit 3 S/W flow control Bit 2 S/W flow control Bit 1 S/W flow control Bit 0 Read/Write 100 Xon1 bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 Read/Write 101 Xon2 bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 Read/Write 110 Xoff1 bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 Read/Write 111 Xoff2 bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 Read/Write 110 TCR bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 Read/Write 111 TLR bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 Read/Write 111 FIFO Rdy 0 0 RX FIFO B status RX FIFO A status 0 0 TX FIFO B status TX FIFO A status Read † The shaded bits in the above table can only be modified if register bit EFR[4] is enabled, i.e., if enhanced functions are enabled. NOTE: See the notes under Table 7 for more register access information. 24 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TL16C752B-EP 3.3-V DUAL UART WITH 64-BYTE FIFO SGLS153 – FEBRUARY 2003 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION receiver holding register (RHR) and the receiver shift register (RSR) The receiver section consists of the receiver holding register (RHR) and the receiver shift register (RSR). The RHR is actually a 64-byte FIFO. The RSR receives serial data from the RX terminal. The data is converted to parallel data and moved to the RHR. The receiver section is controlled by the line control register. If the FIFO is disabled, location zero of the FIFO is used to store the characters. (Note, in this case characters are overwritten if overflow occurs.) If overflow occurs, characters are lost. The RHR also stores the error status bits associated with each character. transmit holding register (THR) and the transmit shift register (TSR) The transmitter section consists of the transmit holding register (THR) and the transmit shift register (TSR). The THR is actually a 64-byte FIFO. The THR receives data and shifts it into the TSR, where it is converted to serial data and moved out on the TX terminal. If the FIFO is disabled, the FIFO is still used to store the byte. Characters are lost if overflow occurs. FIFO control register (FCR) The FIFO control register is a write-only register, which is used for enabling the FIFOs, clearing the FIFOs, setting transmitter and receiver trigger levels, and selecting the type of DMA signalling. Table 9 shows the FCR bit settings. Table 9. FIFO Control Register (FCR) Bit Settings BIT NO. BIT SETTINGS 0 0 = Disable the transmit and receive FIFOs 1 = Enable the transmit and receive FIFOs 1 0 = No change 1 = Clears the receive FIFO and resets counter logic to zero. Returns to zero after clearing FIFO. 2 0 = No change 1 = Clears the transmit FIFO and resets counter logic to zero. Returns to zero after clearing FIFO. 3 0 = DMA Mode 0 1 = DMA MOde 1 5:4 Sets the trigger level for the TX FIFO: 00 – 8 spaces 01 – 16 spaces 10 – 32 spaces 11 – 56 spaces 7:6 Sets the trigger level for the RX FIFO: 00 – 8 characters 01 – 16 characters 10 – 56 characters 11 – 60 characters NOTE: FCR[5 – 4] can only be modified and enabled when EFR[4] is set. This is because the transmit trigger level is regarded as an enhanced function. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 25 TL16C752B-EP 3.3-V DUAL UART WITH 64-BYTE FIFO SGLS153 – FEBRUARY 2003 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION line control register (LCR) The line control register controls the data communication format. The word length, number of stop bits, and parity type are selected by writing the appropriate bits to the LCR. Table 10 shows the line control register bit settings. Table 10. Line Control Register (LCR) Bit Settings BIT NO. 1:0 26 BIT SETTINGS Specifies the word length to be transmitted or received. 00 – 5 bits 01 – 6 bits 10 – 7 bits 11 – 8 bits 2 Specifies the number of stop bits: 0 – 1 stop bits (word length = 5, 6, 7, 8) 1 – 1.5 stop bits (word length = 5) 1 – 2 stop bits (word length = 6, 7, 8) 3 0 = No parity 1 = A parity bit is generated during transmission and the receiver checks for received parity. 4 0 = Odd parity is generated (if LCR(3) = 1) 1 = Even parity is generated (if LCR(3) = 1) 5 Selects the forced parity format (if LCR(3) = 1) If LCR(5) = 1 and LCR(4) = 0 = the parity bit is forced to 1 in the transmitted and received data. If LCR(5) = 1 and LCR(4) = 1 = the parity bit is forced to 0 in the transmitted and received data. 6 Break control bit. 0 = Normal operating condition 1 = Forces the transmitter output to go low to alert the communication terminal. 7 0 = Normal operating condition 1 = Divisor latch enable POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TL16C752B-EP 3.3-V DUAL UART WITH 64-BYTE FIFO SGLS153 – FEBRUARY 2003 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION line status register (LSR) Table 11 shows the line status register bit settings. Table 11. Line Status Register (LSR) Bit Settings BIT NO. BIT SETTINGS 0 0 = No data in the receive FIFO 1 = At least one character in the RX FIFO 1 0 = No overrun error 1 = Overrun error has occurred. 2 0 = No parity error in data being read from RX FIFO 1 = Parity error in data being read from RX FIFO 3 0 = No framing error in data being read from RX FIFO 1 = Framing error occurred in data being read from RX FIFO (i.e., received data did not have a valid stop bit) 4 0 = No break condition 1 = A break condition occurred and associated byte is 00. (i.e., RX was low for one character time frame). 5 0 = Transmit hold register is not empty 1 = Transmit hold register is empty. The processor can now load up to 64 bytes of data into the THR if the TX FIFO is enabled. 6 0 = Transmitter hold and shift registers are not empty. 1 = Transmitter hold and shift registers are empty. 7 0 = Normal operation 1 = At least one parity error, framing error or break indication in the receiver FIFO. BIt 7 is cleared when no more errors are present in the FIFO. When the LSR is read, LSR[4:2] reflect the error bits [BI, FE, PE] of the character at the top of the RX FIFO (next character to be read). The LSR[4:2] registers do not physically exist, as the data read from the RX FIFO is output directly onto the output data-bus, DI[4:2], when the LSR is read. Therefore, errors in a character are identified by reading the LSR and then reading the RHR. LSR[7] is set when there is an error anywhere in the RX FIFO and is cleared only when there are no more errors remaining in the FIFO. NOTE: Reading the LSR does not cause an increment of the RX FIFO read pointer. The RX FIFO read pointer is incremented by reading the RHR. NOTE: TI has found that the three error bits (parity, framing, break) may not be updated correctly in the first read of the LSR when the input clock (Xtal1) is running faster than 36 MHz. However, the second read should be correct. It is strongly recommended that when using this device with a clock faster than 36 MHz, that the LSR be read twice and only the second read be used for decision making. All other bits in the LSR should be correct on all reads. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 27 TL16C752B-EP 3.3-V DUAL UART WITH 64-BYTE FIFO SGLS153 – FEBRUARY 2003 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION modem control register (MCR) The MCR controls the interface with the modem, data set, or peripheral device that is emulating the modem. Table 12 shows the modem control register bit settings. Table 12. Modem Control Register (MCR) Bit Settings BIT NO. BIT SETTINGS 0 0 = Force DTR output to inactive (high) 1 = Force DTR output to active (low) In loopback controls MSR[5]. 1 0 = Force RTS output to inactive (high) 1 = Force RTS output to active (low) In loopback controls MSR[4] If Auto-RTS is enabled the RTS output is controlled by hardware flow control 2 0 Disables the FIFO Rdy register 1 Enable the FIFO Rdy register In loopback controls MSR[6]. 3 0 = Forces the INT(A – B) outputs to 3-state and OP output to high state 1 = Forces the INT(A – B) outputs to the active state and OP output to low state In loopback controls MSR[7]. 4 0 = Normal operating mode 1 = Enable local loopback mode (internal) In this mode the MCR[3:0] signals are looped back into MSR[3:0] and the TX output is looped back to the RX input internally. 5 0 = Disable Xon any function 1 = Enable Xon any function 6 0 = No action 1 = Enable access to the TCR and TLR registers 7 0 = Divide by one clock input 1 = Divide by four clock input NOTE: MCR[7:5] can only be modified when EFR[4] is set i.e., EFR[4] is a write enable. modem status register (MSR) The modem status register is an 8-bit register that provides information about the current state of the control lines from the modem, data set, or peripheral device to the processor. It also indicates when a control input from the modem changes state. Table 13 shows the modem status register bit settings per channel. Table 13. Modem Status Register (MSR) Bit Settings BIT NO. BIT SETTINGS 0 Indicates that the CTS input (or MCR[1] in loopback) has changed state. Cleared on a read. 1 Indicates that the DSR input (or MCR[0] in loopback) has changed state. Cleared on a read. 2 Indicates that the RI input (or MCR[2] in loopback) has changed state from low to high. Cleared on a read. 3 Indicates that the CD input (or MCR[3] in loopback) has changed state. Cleared on a read. 4 This bit is the complement of the CTS input during normal mode. During internal loopback mode, it is equivalent to MCR[1]. 5 This bit is the complement of the DSR input during normal mode. During internal loopback mode, it is equivalent to MCR[0]. 6 This bit is the complement of the RI input during normal mode. During internal loopback mode, it is equivalent to MCR[2]. 7 This bit is the complement of the CD input during normal mode. During internal loopback mode, it is equivalent to MCR[3]. NOTE: The primary inputs RI, CD, CTS, DSR are all active low, but their registered equivalents in the MSR and MCR (in loopback) registers are active high. 28 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TL16C752B-EP 3.3-V DUAL UART WITH 64-BYTE FIFO SGLS153 – FEBRUARY 2003 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION interrupt enable register (IER) The interrupt enable register (IER) enables each of the six types of interrupt, receiver error, RHR interrupt, THR interrupt, Xoff received, or CTS/RTS change of state from low-to-high. The INT output signal is activated in response to interrupt generation. Table 14 shows the IER bit settings. Table 14. Interrupt Enable Register (IER) Bit Settings BIT NO. BIT SETTINGS 0 0 = Disable the RHR interrupt 1 = Enable the RHR interrupt 1 0 = Disable the THR interrupt 1 = Enable the THR interrupt 2 0 = Disable the receiver line status interrupt 1 = Enable the receiver line status interrupt 3 0 = Disable the modem status register interrupt 1 = Enable the modem status register interrupt 4 0 = Disable sleep mode 1 = Enable sleep mode 5 0 = Disable the Xoff interrupt 1 = Enable the Xoff interrupt 6 0 = Disable the RTS interrupt 1 = Enable the RTS interrupt 7 0 = Disable the CTS interrupt 1 = Enable the CTS interrupt NOTE: IER[7:4] can only be modified if EFR[4] is set, i.e., EFR[4] is a write enable. Re-enabling IER[1] does not cause a new interrupt if the THR is below the threshold. interrupt identification register (IIR) The interrupt identification register is a read-only 8-bit register, which provides the source of the interrupt in a prioritized manner. Table 15 shows the IIR bit settings. Table 15. Interrupt Identification Register (IIR) Bit Settings BIT NO. 0 3:1 BIT SETTINGS 0 = A interrupt is pending 1 = No interrupt is pending 3-Bit encoded interrupt. See Table 14. 4 1 = Xoff/Special character has been detected. 5 CTS/RTS low-to-high change of state. 7:6 Mirror the contents of FCR[0] POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 29 TL16C752B-EP 3.3-V DUAL UART WITH 64-BYTE FIFO SGLS153 – FEBRUARY 2003 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION interrupt identification register (IIR) (continued) The interrupt priority list is shown in Table 16. Table 16. Interrupt Priority List PRIORITY LEVEL BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 Receiver line status error 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 Receiver timeout interrupt 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 RHR interrupt 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 THR interrupt 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 Modem interrupt 5 0 1 0 0 0 0 Received Xoff signal/special character 6 1 0 0 0 0 0 CTS, RTS change of state from active (low) to inactive (high). INTERRUPT SOURCE enhanced feature register (EFR) The enhanced feature register is an 8-bit register that enables or disables the enhanced features of the UART. Table 17 shows the enhanced feature register bit settings. Table 17. Enhanced Feature Register (EFR) Bit Settings BIT NO. 3:0 BIT SETTINGS Combinations of software flow control can be selected by programming bit 3–bit 0. See Table 1. 4 Enhanced functions enable bit 0 = Disables enhanced functions and writing to IER bits 4–7, FCR bits 4–5, MCR bits 5–7. 1 = Enables the enhanced function IER bits 4–7, FCR bit 4–5, and MCR bits 5–7 can be modified, i.e., this bit is therefore a write enable. 5 0 = Normal operation, 1 = Special character detect. Received data is compared with Xoff-2 data. If a match occurs the received data is transferred to FIFO and IIR bit 4 is set to 1 to indicate a special character has been detected. 6 RTS flow control enable bit 0 = Normal operation 1 = RTS flow control is enabled i.e., the RTS pin goes high when the receiver FIFO HALT trigger level TCR[3:0] is reached and goes low when the receiver FIFO RESTORE transmission trigger level TCR[7:4] is reached. 7 CTS flow control enable bit 0 = Normal operation 1 = CTS flow control is enabled i.e., transmission is halted when a high signal is detected on the CTS pin. divisor latches (DLL, DLH) The divisor lathes are two 8-bit registers which store the 16-bit divisor for generation of the baud clock in the baud rate generator. DLH stores the most significant part of the divisor. DLL stores the least significant part of the division. Note that DLL and DLH can only be written to before sleep mode is enabled (i.e., before IER[4] is set). transmission control register (TCR) The transmission control register is an 8-bit register that is used to store the receive FIFO threshold levels to start/stop transmission during hardware/software flow control. Table 18 shows the transmission control register bit settings. 30 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TL16C752B-EP 3.3-V DUAL UART WITH 64-BYTE FIFO SGLS153 – FEBRUARY 2003 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION Table 18. Transmission Control Register (TCR) Bit Settings BIT NO. BIT SETTINGS 3:0 RCV FIFO trigger level to halt transmission (0–60) 7:4 RCV FIFO trigger level to resume transmission (0–60) TCR trigger levels are available from 0–60 bytes with a granularity of four. NOTE: TCR can only be written to when EFR[4] = 1 and MCR[6] = 1. The programmer must program the TCR such that TCR[3:0] > TCR[7:4]. There is no built-in hardware check to make sure this condition is met. Also, the TCR must be programmed with this condition before Auto-RTS or software flow control is enabled to avoid spurious operation of the device. trigger level register (TLR) The trigger level register is an 8-bit register that is pulsed to store the transmit and received FIFO trigger levels used for DMA and interrupt generation. Trigger levels from 4–60 can be programmed with a granularity of 4. Table 19 shows the trigger level register bit settings. Table 19. Trigger Level Register (TLR) Bit Settings BIT NO. BIT SETTINGS 3:0 Transmit FIFO trigger levels (4–60), number of spaces available 7:4 RCV FIFO trigger levels (4–60), number of characters available NOTE: TLR can only be written to when EFR[4] = 1 and MCR[6] = 1. If TLR[3:0] or TLR[7:4] are 0, the selectable trigger levels via the FIFO control register (FCR) are used for the transmit and receive FIFO trigger levels. Trigger levels from 4–60 bytes are available with a granularity of four. The TLR should be programmed for N/4, where N is the desired trigger level. When the trigger level setting in TLR is zero, the TL16C752B-EP uses the trigger level setting defined in FCR. If TLR has a nonzero trigger level value, the trigger level defined in FCR is discarded. This applies to both the transmit FIFO and receive FIFO trigger level setting. FIFO ready register The FIFO ready register provides real-time status of the transmit and receive FIFOs of both channels. Table 20 shows the FIFO ready register bit settings. The trigger level mentioned below refers to the setting in either FCR (when TLR value is zero), or TLR (when it has a nonzero value). POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 31 TL16C752B-EP 3.3-V DUAL UART WITH 64-BYTE FIFO SGLS153 – FEBRUARY 2003 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION FIFO ready register (continued) Table 20. FIFO Ready Register BIT NO. BIT SETTINGS 0 0 = There are less than a TX trigger level number of spaces available in the TX FIFO of channel A. 1 = There are at least a TX trigger level number of spaces available in the TX FIFO of channel A. 1 0 = There are less than a TX trigger level number of spaces available in the TX FIFO of channel B. 1 = There are at least a TX trigger level number of spaces available in the TX FIFO of channel B. 3:2 Unused, always 0 4 0 = There are less than a RX trigger level number of characters in the RX FIFO of channel A. 1 = The RX FIFO of channel A has more than a RX trigger level number of characters available for reading or a timeout condition has occurred. 5 0 = There are less than a RX trigger level number of characters in the RX FIFO of channel B. 1 = The RX FIFO of channel B has more than a RX trigger level number of characters available for reading or a timeout condition has occurred. 7:6 Unused, always 0 The FIFORdy register is a read-only register that can be accessed when any of the two UARTs are selected CSA-B = 0, MCR[2] (FIFO Rdy Enable) is a logic 1 and loopback is disabled. The address is 111. TL16C752B-EP programmer’s guide The base set of registers that is used during high speed data transfer have a straightforward access method. The extended function registers require special access bits to be decoded along with the address lines. The following guide helps with programming these registers. Note that the descriptions below are for individual register access. Some streamlining through interleaving can be obtained when programming all the registers. 32 Set baud rate to VALUE1, VALUE2 Read LCR (03), save in temp Set LCR (03) to 80 Set DLL (00) to VALUE1 Set DLM (01) to VALUE2 Set LCR (03) to temp Set Xoff1, Xon1 to VALUE1, VALUE2 Read LCR (03), save in temp Set LCR (03) to BF Set Xoff1 (06) to VALUE1 Set Xon1 (04) to VALUE2 Set LCR (03) to temp Set Xoff2, Xon2 to VALUE1, VALUE2 Read LCR (03), save in temp Set LCR (03) to BF Set Xoff2 (07) to VALUE1 Set Xon2 (05) to VALUE2 Set LCR (03) to temp Set software flow control mode to VALUE Read LCR (03), save in temp Set LCR (03) to BF Set EFR (02) to VALUE Set LCR (03) to temp POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TL16C752B-EP 3.3-V DUAL UART WITH 64-BYTE FIFO SGLS153 – FEBRUARY 2003 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION TL16C752B-EP programmer’s guide (continued) Set flow control threshold to VALUE Read LCR (03), save in temp1 Set LCR (03) to BF Read EFR (02), save in temp2 Set EFR (02) to 10 + temp2 Set LCR (03) to 00 Read MCR (04), save in temp3 Set MCR (04) to 40 + temp3 Set TCR (06) to VALUE Set MCR (04) to temp3 Set LCR (03) to BF Set EFR (02) to temp2 Set LCR (03) to temp1 Set xmt and rcv FIFO thresholds to VALUE Read LCR (03), save in temp1 Set LCR (03) to BF Read EFR (02), save in temp2 Set EFR (02) to 10 + temp2 Set LCR (03) to 00 Read MCR (04), save in temp3 Set MCR (04) to 40 + temp3 Set TLR (07) to VALUE Set MCR (04) to temp3 Set LCR (03) to BF Set EFR (02) to temp2 Set LCR (03) to temp1 Read FIFORdy register Read MCR (04), save in temp1 Set temp2 = temp1 × EF; (x sign here means bit-AND) Set MCR (04) = 04 + temp2 Read FRR (07), save in temp2 Pass temp2 back to host Set MCR (04) to temp1 Set prescaler value to divide-by-one Read LCR (03), save in temp1 Set LCR (03) to BF Read EFR (02), save in temp2 Set EFR (02) to 10 + temp2 Set LCR (03) to 00 Read MCR (04), save in temp3 Set MCR (04) to temp3 × 7F; (× sign here means bit-AND) Set LCR (03) to BF Set EFR (02) to temp2 Set LCR (03) to temp1 Set prescaler value to divide-by-four Read LCR (03), save in temp1 Set LCR (03) to BF Read EFR (02), save in temp2 Set EFR (02) to 10 + temp2 Set LCR (03) to 00 Read MCR (04), save in temp3 Set MCR (04) to temp3 + 80 Set LCR (03) to BF Set EFR (02) to temp2 Set LCR (03) to temp1 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 33 TL16C752B-EP 3.3-V DUAL UART WITH 64-BYTE FIFO SGLS153 – FEBRUARY 2003 MECHANICAL DATA PT (S-PQFP-G48) PLASTIC QUAD FLATPACK 0,27 0,17 0,50 36 0,08 M 25 37 24 48 13 0,13 NOM 1 12 5,50 TYP 7,20 SQ 6,80 9,20 SQ 8,80 Gage Plane 0,25 0,05 MIN 1,45 1,35 Seating Plane 1,60 MAX 0°–ā7° 0,75 0,45 0,10 4040052 / C 11/96 NOTES: A. B. C. D. 34 All linear dimensions are in millimeters. This drawing is subject to change without notice. Falls within JEDEC MS-026 This may also be a thermally enhanced plastic package with leads connected to the die pads. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, modifications, enhancements, improvements, and other changes to its products and services at any time and to discontinue any product or service without notice. Customers should obtain the latest relevant information before placing orders and should verify that such information is current and complete. All products are sold subject to TI’s terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment. TI warrants performance of its hardware products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with TI’s standard warranty. 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