INTEGRATED CIRCUITS TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC Adjustable precision shunt regulators Product specification 1997 Feb 25 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Adjustable precision shunt regulators DESCRIPTION TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC PIN CONFIGURATIONS The TL431 and TL431A are 3-terminal adjustable shunt regulators with specified thermal stability over applicable automotive and commercial temperature ranges. The output voltage may be set to any value between VREF (approximately 2.5V) and 36V with two external resistors (see Figure 4). These devices have a typical output impedance of 0.2Ω. Active output circuitry provides a very sharp turn-on characteristic, making these devices excellent replacements for zener diodes in many applications like on-board regulation, adjustable power supplies and switching power supplies. M, D Package TOP VIEW CATHODE 1 8 REF ANODE 2 7 ANODE ANODE 3 6 ANODE NC 4 5 NC SOT96-1 The TL431C and TL431AC are characterized for operation from 0°C to +70°C; the TL431I and TL431AI are characterized for operation from –40°C to +85°C. N, P Package TOP VIEW FEATURES • Equivalent full-range temperature coefficient: 30ppm/°C • 0.2Ω typical output impedance • Sink current capability: 1mA to 100mA • Low output noise • Adjustable output voltage: VREF to 36V CATHODE 1 8 REF NC 2 7 NC NC 3 6 ANODE NC 4 5 NC SOT97-1 Z, LP, U Package CATHODE ANODE SOT54 REF SL01167 Figure 1. Pin Configuration ORDERING INFORMATION DESCRIPTION TEMPERATURE RANGE 2 0°C to +70°C 3-Pin Plastic TO92 2 0°C to +70°C 3-Pin Plastic TO92 INDUSTRY STANDARD PART NUMBER ORDER CODE DWG # TL431CLP TL431CLPU SOT54 TL431ACLP TL431ACLPU SOT54 2 –40°C to +85°C TL431ILP TL431ILPU SOT54 3-Pin Plastic TO92 2 –40°C to +85°C TL431AILP TL431AILPU SOT54 3-Pin Plastic TO92 2 0°C to +70°C LM431ACZ LM431ACZU SOT54 8-Pin Plastic Small Outline (SO) package 0°C to +70°C TL431CD TL431CD SOT96-1 8-Pin Plastic Small Outline (SO) package –40°C to +85°C TL431ID TL431ID SOT96-1 8-Pin Plastic Small Outline (SO) package 0°C to +70°C TL431ACD TL431ACD SOT96-1 8-Pin Plastic Small Outline (SO) package –40°C to +85°C TL431AID TL431AID SOT96-1 8-Pin Plastic Small Outline (SO) package 0°C to +70°C LM431ACM LM431ACMD SOT96-1 8-Pin Plastic Dual In-Line package (DIP) 0°C to +70°C TL431CP TL431CPN SOT97-1 8-Pin Plastic Dual In-Line package (DIP) –40°C to +85°C TL431IP TL431IPN SOT97-1 8-Pin Plastic Dual In-Line package (DIP) 0°C to +70°C TL431ACP TL431ACPN SOT97-1 8-Pin Plastic Dual In-Line package (DIP) –40°C to +85°C TL431AIP TL431AIPN SOT97-1 3-Pin Plastic TO92 NOTE: 1. SYMBOL INFORMATION: Parts will be marked with product name including temperature and electrical grade desginators, but not the package identifier. 2. TO92 is normally shipped in bulk, i.e., in plastic bags (containing 1,000 parts), 5 bags per box. Tape and reel (or ammo box) is an option. See page 15 for information. 1997 Feb 25 2 853–1927 17795 Philips Semiconductors Product specification TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC Adjustable precision shunt regulators ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS SYMBOL VKA PARAMETER RATING Cathode voltage (see Note 1) UNITS 37 V –100 to +150 mA Reference input current range 0.05 to 10 mA Tamb Operating free-air temperature range C suffix I suffix 0 to +70 –40 to +85 °C °C TSTG Temperature storage range –65 to 150 °C Lead temperature 1.6mm (1/16 in.) from case for 10 sec: D or P pkgs 260 °C Lead temperature 1.6mm (1/16 in.) from case for 60 sec: LP pkg 300 °C Continuous cathode current range NOTE: 1. Voltage values are with respect to the anode terminal unless otherwise noted. RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS SYMBOL PARAMETER MIN MAX UNITS VKA Cathode voltage VREF 36 V IK Cathode current 1 100 mA Table 1. Dissipation Rating Table – Free-Air Temperature Package Derating Factor Above Tamb = 25°C Tamb = 25°C Power Rating Tamb = 70°C Power Rating Tamb = 85°C Power Rating D 5.8mW/°C 725mW 464mW 429mW LP 6.2mW/°C 775mW 496mW 403mW P 8.0mW/°C 1000mW 640mW 520mW CATHODE R4 800 R3 800 C1 20p Q5 REF Q3 Q4 Q2 QD6 Q1 R2 150 Q7 R5 3.28K R11 2.4K R7 320 R10 7.2K R1 10K Qq1 C2 20p Q9 Q10 Q11 Q8 QD2 R8 1000 R9 800 ANODE SL01188 Figure 2. Equivalent Schematic 1997 Feb 25 3 Philips Semiconductors Product specification TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC Adjustable precision shunt regulators DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS 25°C free-air temperature, unless otherwise stated. LIMITS SYMBOL VREF TEST CKT PARAMETER UNIT MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX 2495 2520 2440 2495 2550 mV 4 15 4 17 mV ∆VKA = 10V – VREF –1.4 –2.7 –1.4 –2.7 ∆VKA = 36V – 10V –1 –2 –1 –2 IK = 10mA, R1 = 10kΩ, R2 = ∞ 2 4 2 4 µA Fig. 4 IK = 10mA, R1 = 10kΩ, R2 = ∞, Tamb = full range2 0.8 1.2 0.4 1.2 µA Minimum cathode current for regulation Fig. 3 VKA = VREF 0.4 0.6 0.4 1 mA Off-state cathode current Fig. 5 0.1 0.5 0.1 1 µA Dynamic impedance4 Fig. 3 VKA = 36V, VREF = 0 VKA = VREF, IK = 1mA to 100mA, f ≤ 1kHz 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.5 Ω Fig. 3 VKA = VREF, IK = 10mA VREF(dev) Deviation of reference input voltage over full temperature range3 Fig. 3 VKA = VREF, IK = 10mA, Tamb = full range2 V REF V KA Ratio of change in reference input in ut voltage to the change in cathode voltage Fig 4 Fig. IK = 10mA IREF Reference input current Fig. 4 Deviation of reference input current over full temperature range3 IMIN IOFF | ZKA | TL431C/LM431AC 2470 Reference input voltage IREF(dev) TL431AC TEST CONDITIONS mV/V 25°C free-air temperature, unless otherwise stated. LIMITS SYMBOL VREF TEST CKT PARAMETER TL431AI TEST CONDITIONS TL431I UNIT MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX 2470 2495 2520 2440 2495 2550 mV 5 25 5 30 mV ∆VKA = 10V – VREF –1.4 –2.7 –1.4 –2.7 ∆VKA = 36V – 10V –1 –2 –1 –2 Reference input voltage Fig. 3 VKA = VREF, IK = 10mA VREF(dev) Deviation of reference input voltage over full temperature range3 Fig. 3 VKA = VREF, IK = 10mA, Tamb = full range2 V REF V KA Ratio of change in reference input in ut voltage to the change in cathode voltage Fig 4 Fig. IK = 10mA IREF Reference input current Fig. 4 IK = 10mA, R1 = 10kΩ, R2 = ∞ 2 4 2 4 µA Deviation of reference input current over full temperature range3 Fig. 4 IK = 10mA, R1 = 10kΩ, R2 = ∞, Tamb = full range2 0.8 2.5 0.8 2.5 µA IMIN Minimum cathode current for regulation Fig. 3 VKA = VREF 0.4 0.7 0.4 1 µA IOFF Off-state cathode current Fig. 5 VKA = 36V, VREF = 0 0.1 0.5 0.1 1 µA Fig. 3 VKA = VREF, IK = 1mA to 100mA, f ≤ 1kHz 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.5 Ω IREF(dev) | ZKA | Dynamic impedance4 mV/V NOTES: 2. Full temperature range is –40°C to +85°C for the TL431I and TL431AI, and 0°C to +70°C for the TL431C and TL431AC. 3. The deviation parameters VREF(dev) and IREF(dev) are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the rated termperature range. The average full-range temperature coefficient of the reference input voltage, αVREF, is defined as: | V REF | ppm deg C V REF(dev) V REF at 25 oC 10 6 Max VREF VREF(dev) T amb Min VREF ∆Tamb where ∆Tamb is the rated operating free-air temperature range of the device. 1997 Feb 25 4 Philips Semiconductors Product specification TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC Adjustable precision shunt regulators αVREF can be positive or negative depending on whether minimum VREF of maximum VREF, respectively, occurs at the lower temperature. Example: Max VREF = 2496mV at 30°C, Min VREF = 2492mV at 0°C, VREF = 2495mV at 25°C, DTA = 70°C for TL431C. | V REF | + 4mV Ǔ ǒ2495mV @ 10 6 70 oC + 23ppmń oC Because minimum VREF occurs at the lower temperature, the coefficient is positive. 4. The dynamic impedance is defined as: | Z | + V KA KA I K When the device is operating with two external resistors, (see Figure xx), the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is given by: | ZȀ | + V [ | Z KA | 1 ) R1 R2 I ǒ Ǔ PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION INPUT VKA INPUT IK VKA Ioff Vref SL01177 SL01179 Figure 3. Test Circuit for VKA = Vref INPUT R1 R2 Figure 5. Test Circuit for IOFF VKA IK Iref Vref V KA +V ǒ1 ) R1 Ǔ ) Iref R2 ref R1 SL01178 Figure 4. Test Circuit for VKA > Vref 1997 Feb 25 5 Philips Semiconductors Product specification TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC Adjustable precision shunt regulators 3.0 VKA = Vref IK = 10mA 2580 Iref – REFERENCE INPUT CURRENT – (µ A) V ref – REFERENCE INPUT VOLTAGE – (mV) 2600 Vref = 2550mV 2560 2540 2520 Vref = 2495mV 2500 2480 2460 Vref = 2440mV 2440 2420 2400 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 R1 = 10kΩ R2 = ∞ IK = 10mA 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 –75 –50 Tamb – TEMPERATURE – (°C) –25 0 25 50 75 Tamb – TEMPERATURE – (°C) 100 SL01170 SL01168 Figure 9. Reference Input Current vs. Temperature Ioff – OFF-STATE CATHODE CURRENT – (nA) Figure 6. Reference Input Voltage vs. Temperature 150 VKA = Vref Tamb = 25°C CATHODE CURRENT – (mA) 125 100 75 50 25 0 –25 –50 –75 –100 –2 –1 0 1 2 125 3 90 VKA = 36V Vref = 0V 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 –75 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 SL01169 SL01171 Figure 10. Off-State Cathode Current vs. Temperature Figure 7. Cathode Current vs. Cathode Voltage 800 0 VKA = Vref Tamb = 25°C –0.1 600 VKA = 3V TO 36V –0.2 Imin d(Vref)/d(Vka) – (mV/V) I K – CATHODE CURRENT – (µA) 125 Tamb – TEMPERATURE – (°C) CATHODE VOLTAGE – (V) 400 200 0 –0.3 –0.4 –0.5 –0.6 –0.7 –0.8 –0.9 –200 –1 0 1 2 –1 3 –75 VKA – CATHODE VOLTAGE – (V) –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 SL01173 SL01172 Figure 8. Cathode Current vs. Cathode Voltage 1997 Feb 25 125 Tamb – TEMPERATURE – (°C) Figure 11. Ratio of Delta Reference Voltage to Delta Cathode Voltage over Temperature 6 Philips Semiconductors Product specification TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC Adjustable precision shunt regulators 4 Vn – INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE – µ V 3 2 1 0 –1 –2 –3 –4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 t – TIME – (SECONDS) 7 8 9 10 Equivalent Input Noise Voltage Over a 10-Second Period 19.1V 1kΩ 500µF 910Ω 2000µF VCC VCC 1µF TL431 (DUT) TLE2027 AV = 10V/mV 820Ω TLE2027 AV = 2V/V 16kΩ 22µF 16kΩ 16Ω 160kΩ 1µF 1MΩ 33kΩ CRO 0.1µF 33kΩ VEE VEE Test Circuit SL01174 Figure 12. 400 IK = 10mA Tamb = 25°C Vn – NOISE VOLTAGE – nV/√ Hz 350 300 250 200 150 100 10 100 1K f–FREQUENCY–Hz 10K Figure 13. Equivalent Input Noise Voltage vs. Frequency 1997 Feb 25 7 100K SL01180 Philips Semiconductors Product specification TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC Adjustable precision shunt regulators TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS INPUT AND OUTPUT VOLTAGE – V 7 6 220Ω OUTPUT 5 PULSE GENERATOR f = 100kHz 4 50Ω 3 GND 2 1 Test Circuit 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 t – TIME – µs Pulse Response SL01182 Figure 14. Pulse Response 100 90 IK – CATHODE CURRENT – (mA) 80 150Ω Tamb = 25°C A VKA = Vref B VKA = 5V C VKA = 10V D VKA = 15V UNSTABLE VKA < 5 B IK VBATT CL 70 UNSTABLE VKA < 10 STABLE STABLE 60 A Test Circuit for Curve A 50 A 40 R1 = 10kΩ 30 150Ω CL 20 R2 C 10 0 0.001 IK VBATT UNSTABLE VKA < 15V D 0.01 UNSTABLE VKA 0.1 1 CL – LOAD CAPACITANCE – (µF) 10 Test Circuit for Curves B, C, and D SL01176 Figure 15. Stability Boundary Conditions 1997 Feb 25 8 Philips Semiconductors Product specification TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC Adjustable precision shunt regulators 100 IK = 10mA Tamb = 25°C |ZKA| – REFERENCE IMPEDANCE – Ω 1kΩ OUTPUT 10 IK 50Ω GND 1 Test Circuit for Reference Impedance 0.1 1K 10K 100K 1M 10M f – FREQUENCY – Hz SL01175 Figure 16. Reference Impedance vs. Frequency 70 IK = 10mA Tamb = 25°C Av – VOLTAGE AMPLIFICATION – dB 60 OUTPUT 50 15kΩ IK 230Ω 9µF 40 8.25kΩ 30 GND 20 Test Circuit for Voltage Amplification 10 0 1K 10K 100K FREQUENCY IN Hz 1M 10M SL01181 Figure 17. Small-Signal Voltage Amplification vs. Frequency 1997 Feb 25 9 Philips Semiconductors Product specification TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC Adjustable precision shunt regulators TYPICAL APPLICATIONS V+ V+ VOUT VOUT R1 R1 R2 R2 ǒ ǒ Ǔ Ǔ V OUT + 1 ) R1 V ref R2 VOUT Min = Vref + Vbe V OUT + 1 ) R1 V ref R2 SL01183 Figure 18. Shunt Regulator SL01186 Figure 21. Series Pass Regulator V+ RCL V+ IOUT VOUT VIN VIN VOUT < Vref V+ > Vref ≈2.0V I OUT + V ref R CL VTH = Vref SL01187 SL01184 Figure 19. Single-Supply Comparator with Temperature-Compensated Threshold V+ Figure 22. Constant Current Source V+ VOUT ISINK R1 I SINK + V ref RS R2 RS ǒ Ǔ V OUT + 1 ) R1 V ref R2 SL01185 SL01189 Figure 20. High Current Shunt Regulator 1997 Feb 25 Figure 23. Constant Current Sink 10 Philips Semiconductors Product specification TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC Adjustable precision shunt regulators SO8: plastic small outline package; 8 leads; body width 3.9mm 1997 Feb 25 11 SOT96-1 Philips Semiconductors Product specification TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC Adjustable precision shunt regulators DIP8: plastic dual in-line package; 8 leads (300 mil) 1997 Feb 25 SOT97-1 12 Philips Semiconductors Product specification TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC Adjustable precision shunt regulators SOT54 0.40 min. 4.2 max. 5.2 max. 12.7 min. 1.6 0.48 0.40 1 4.8 max. 2.54 2 3 0.66 0.56 2.0 max. (1) Dimensions in mm. (1) Terminal dimensions within this zone are uncontrolled to allow for flow of plastic and terminal irregularities. SL01191 1997 Feb 25 13 Philips Semiconductors Product specification TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC Adjustable precision shunt regulators TO-92 transistors on tape TO-92 P T A1 ∆h (p) ∆h A H2 H1 W2 H0 W0 W 1 L W F1 F2 t1 D0 F t P2 P0 SL01192 Table 2. Tape specification (TO-92 leaded types) SPECIFICATIONS SYMBOL DIMENSION MIN. NOM. MAX. TOL. UNIT – 4.8 – mm 5.2 – mm A1 Body width 4 A Body height 4.8 T Body thickness 3.5 3.9 – mm P Pitch of component – 12.7 – ±1 mm P0 Feed hole pitch – 12.7 – ±0.3 mm REMARKS Cumulative pitch error – – – ±0.1 mm Note 1 P2 Feed hole center to component center – 6.35 – ±0.4 mm to be measured at bottom of clinch F Distance between outer leads – 5.08 – +0.6/–0.2 mm ∆h Component alignment – 0 1 – mm W Tape width – 18 – ±0.5 mm W0 Hold-down tape width – 6 – ±0.2 mm W1 Hole position – 9 – +0.7/–0.5 mm W2 Hold-down tape position – 0.5 – ±0.2 mm H0 Lead wire clinch height – 16.5 – ±0.5 mm H1 Component height – – 23.25 – mm L Length of snipped leads – – 11 – mm D0 Feed hole diameter – 4 – ±0.2 mm t Total tape thickness – – 1.2 – mm F1, F2 Lead-to-lead distance – – – +0.4/–0.2 mm H2 Clinch height – – – – mm (p) Pull-out force 6 – – – N NOTE: 1. Measured over 20 devices. 1997 Feb 25 14 Philips Semiconductors Product specification TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC Adjustable precision shunt regulators Tape splicing Bulk packing Splice the carrier tape on the back and/or front so that the feed hole pitch (P0) is maintained. In addition to TO-92 on tape, TO-92 can also be delivered in bulk. Products are packed in boxes in foil and plastic bags with 1,000 pieces to a bag and 5 bags to a box. LABEL LABEL CARRIER STRIP CARRIER STRIP ROUNDED SIDE FLAT SIDE ADHESIVE TAPE ADHESIVE TAPE ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ CATHODE PIN FEED FEED FLAT SIDE OF TRANSISTOR AND ADHESIVE TAPE VISIBLE ROUNDED SIDE OF TRANSISTOR AND ADHESIVE TAPE VISIBLE SPC T (Note 1) SPC F (Note 1) VREF PIN SL01193 Figure 24. TO-92 Reel Styles ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ ADHESIVE TAPE ON TOP SIDE FLAT SIDE LABEL FLAT SIDE OF TRANSISTOR AND ADHESIVE TAPE VISIBLE In Ammo Pack, the parts are put on the tape the same as in SPC T. However, depending on which end of the Ammo Pack is opened, the VREF OR Cathode pin may come first. If opened from the end marked with a “+”, the Cathode comes first. SPC A (Note 1) Figure 25. TO-92 Ammo Pack Styles NOTE: 1. Order SPC F, T or A depending on what is required. 1997 Feb 25 CARRIER STRIP 15 SL01194 Philips Semiconductors Product specification TL431C, TL431AC, TL431I, TL431AI, LM431AC Adjustable precision shunt regulators DEFINITIONS Data Sheet Identification Product Status Definition Objective Specification Formative or in Design This data sheet contains the design target or goal specifications for product development. Specifications may change in any manner without notice. Preliminary Specification Preproduction Product This data sheet contains preliminary data, and supplementary data will be published at a later date. Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes at any time without notice in order to improve design and supply the best possible product. Product Specification Full Production This data sheet contains Final Specifications. Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes at any time without notice, in order to improve design and supply the best possible product. Philips Semiconductors and Philips Electronics North America Corporation reserve the right to make changes, without notice, in the products, including circuits, standard cells, and/or software, described or contained herein in order to improve design and/or performance. Philips Semiconductors assumes no responsibility or liability for the use of any of these products, conveys no license or title under any patent, copyright, or mask work right to these products, and makes no representations or warranties that these products are free from patent, copyright, or mask work right infringement, unless otherwise specified. Applications that are described herein for any of these products are for illustrative purposes only. Philips Semiconductors makes no representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the specified use without further testing or modification. LIFE SUPPORT APPLICATIONS Philips Semiconductors and Philips Electronics North America Corporation Products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices, or systems where malfunction of a Philips Semiconductors and Philips Electronics North America Corporation Product can reasonably be expected to result in a personal injury. Philips Semiconductors and Philips Electronics North America Corporation customers using or selling Philips Semiconductors and Philips Electronics North America Corporation Products for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Philips Semiconductors and Philips Electronics North America Corporation for any damages resulting from such improper use or sale. Copyright Philips Electronics North America Corporation 1997 All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. Philips Semiconductors 811 East Arques Avenue P.O. Box 3409 Sunnyvale, California 94088–3409 Telephone 800-234-7381 1997 Feb 25 16