LTC7000/LTC7000-1 Fast 150V Protected High Side NMOS Static Switch Driver Features Description Wide Operating VIN: 3.5V to 135V (150V Abs Max) nn 1Ω Pull-Down, 2.2Ω Pull-Up for Fast Turn-On and Turn-Off Times with 35ns Propagation Delays nn Internal Charge Pump for 100% Duty Cycle nn Short-Circuit Protected nn Adjustable Current Trip Threshold (LTC7000) nn Current Monitor Output (LTC7000) nn Automatic Restart Timer nn Open-Drain Fault Flag nn Adjustable Turn-On Slew Rate nn Gate Driver Supply from 3.5V to 15V nn Adjustable V Undervoltage and Overvoltage IN Lockouts (LTC7000) nn Adjustable Driver Supply V CC Undervoltage Lockout nn Low Shutdown Current: 1µA nn CMOS Compatible Input nn Thermally Enhanced, High Voltage Capable 16-Lead MSOP Packages The LTC®7000/LTC7000-1 is a fast high side N-channel MOSFET gate driver that operates from input voltages up to 135V. It contains an internal charge pump that fully enhances an external N-channel MOSFET switch, allowing it to remain on indefinitely. nn Applications Its powerful driver can easily drive large gate capacitances with very short transition times, making it well suited for both high frequency switching applications or static switch applications that require a fast turn-on and/or turn-off time. When an internal comparator senses that the switch current has exceeded a preset level, a fault flag is asserted and the switch is turned off after a period of time set by an external timing capacitor. After a cooldown period, the LTC7000/LTC7000-1 automatically retries. The LTC7000/LTC7000-1 is available in the thermallyenhanced 16-lead MSOP packages. Package Static Switch Driver Load and Supply Switch Driver nn Electronic Valve Driver nn High Frequency High Side Gate Driver LTC7000 LTC7000-1 16-Lead MSOP MSE16 16-Lead MSOP MSE16(12) nn High Voltage Pin Spacing 0.157mm 0.657mm nn RUN/OVLO/ISET/IMON Pins Yes No L, LT, LTC, LTM, Linear Technology and the Linear logo are registered trademarks of Analog Devices, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Typical Application High Side Switch with 100% Duty Cycle and Overcurrent Protection Turn-On Transient Waveform VIN 3.5V TO 135V VCC 1µF 100k 1nF OFF ON VIN = 135V SNS+ VIN LTC7000-1 0.007Ω SNS– FAULT TGUP TIMER TGDN BST INP VCCUV GND TS 0.1µF LOAD 3.5V TO 135V 3A CONTINUOUS MAX 7000 TA01a VINP 2V/DIV VLOAD 50V/DIV 20ns/DIV 7000 TA01b 7000fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC7000 1 LTC7000/LTC7000-1 Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) Supply Voltages VIN........................................................ –0.3V to 150V BST-TS.................................................... –0.3V to 15V VCC......................................................... –0.3V to 15V TS Voltage................................................... –6V to 150V BST, SNS+ and SNS– Voltages ................. –0.3V to 150V SNS+ – SNS– ......................................... –0.3V to +0.3V INP Voltage.................................................... –6V to 15V Driver Outputs TGUP, TGDN................................(Note 7) TIMER, FAULT, Voltages.............................. –0.3V to 15V VCCUV Voltage................................................. –0.3 to 6V RUN Voltage (LTC7000)............................ –0.3V to 150V ISET, IMON, OVLO Voltages (LTC7000)........... –0.3V to 6V Operating Junction Temperature Range (Notes 2, 3, 4) LTC7000E, LTC7000E-1, LTC7000I, LTC7000I-1......................................... –40°C to 125°C LTC7000H, LTC7000H-1..................... –40°C to 150°C LTC7000MP, LTC7000MP-1................ –55°C to 150°C Storage Temperature Range................... –65°C to 150°C Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) MSOP Package.................................................. 300°C Pin Configuration LTC7000 LTC7000-1 TOP VIEW RUN 1 VIN 2 VCC 3 VCCUV 4 FAULT 5 TIMER 6 INP 7 OVLO 8 17 GND 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 SNS+ SNS– BST TS TGUP TGDN IMON ISET TOP VIEW 16 SNS+ VIN 1 VCC 3 VCCUV FAULT TIMER INP 5 6 7 8 17 GND 14 SNS– 12 11 10 9 BST TS TGUP TGDN MSE PACKAGE 16-LEAD PLASTIC MSOP (NOTE 6) MSE PACKAGE VARIATION: MSE16 (12) 16-LEAD PLASTIC MSOP TJMAX = 150°C, θJA = 45°C/W, θJC = 10°C/W EXPOSED PAD (PIN 17) IS GND, MUST BE SOLDERED TO PCB TJMAX = 150°C, θJA = 45°C/W, θJC = 10°C/W EXPOSED PAD (PIN 17) IS GND, MUST BE SOLDERED TO PCB Order Information http://www.linear.com/product/LTC7000#orderinfo LEAD FREE FINISH TAPE AND REEL PART MARKING* PACKAGE DESCRIPTION TEMPERATURE RANGE LTC7000EMSE#PBF LTC7000EMSE#TRPBF 7000 16-Lead Plastic MSOP –40°C to 125°C LTC7000IMSE#PBF LTC7000IMSE#TRPBF 7000 16-Lead Plastic MSOP –40°C to 125°C LTC7000HMSE#PBF LTC7000HMSE#TRPBF 7000 16-Lead Plastic MSOP –40°C to 150°C LTC7000MPMSE#PBF LTC7000MPMSE#TRPBF 7000 16-Lead Plastic MSOP –55°C to 150°C LTC7000EMSE-1#PBF LTC7000EMSE-1#TRPBF 7000-1 16-Lead Plastic MSOP –40°C to 125°C LTC7000IMSE-1#PBF LTC7000IMSE-1#TRPBF 7000-1 16-Lead Plastic MSOP –40°C to 125°C LTC7000HMSE-1#PBF LTC7000HMSE-1#TRPBF 7000-1 16-Lead Plastic MSOP –40°C to 150°C LTC7000MPMSE-1#PBF LTC7000MPMSE-1#TRPBF 7000-1 16-Lead Plastic MSOP –55°C to 150°C Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges. *Temperature grades are identified by a label on the shipping container. For more information on lead free part marking, go to: http://www.linear.com/leadfree/ For more information on tape and reel specifications, go to: http://www.linear.com/tapeandreel/. Some packages are available in 500 unit reels through designated sales channels with #TRMPBF suffix. 2 7000fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC7000 LTC7000/LTC7000-1 Electrical Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the specified operating junction temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C (Note 2). VIN = VSNS+ = 10V, VCC = VBST = 10V, VTS = GND = 0V, unless otherwise noted. SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS 3.5 150 V 0 135 V 3.5 150 V 85 60 3 µA μA μA Input Supplies VIN Input Voltage Operating Range TS Operating Voltage Range VCC UVLO SNS+/– Input Voltage Range Independent of VIN Total Supply Current (Note 8) ON Mode Sleep Mode Shutdown Mode CVCC = 1µF, VBST-TS = 13V, VINP = 4V, VRUN = 2V VINP = 0.4V, VRUN = 2V VRUN = 0V (LTC7000) VIN DC Supply Current (Note 5) ON Mode Sleep Mode Shutdown Mode CVCC = 1µF, VBST-TS = 13V, VINP = 4V, VRUN = 2V VINP = 0.4V, VRUN = 2V VRUN = 0V (LTC7000) 35 25 1 µA μA μA SNS+ Current VINP = 4V, VRUN = 2V VINP = 0.4V, VRUN = 2V VRUN = 0V (LTC7000) 21 12 0 µA μA μA SNS– Current VINP = 4V, VRUN = 2V VINP = 0.4V, VRUN = 2V VRUN = 0V (LTC7000) 4 0 0 60 37 1 l l 6 µA μA μA VCC LDO Output Voltage CVCC = 1µF, VIN = 12V 10 V VCC LDO Dropout Voltage (VIN-VCC) VIN = 6V, IVCC = –1mA 0.2 V VCC Undervoltage Lockout VCCUV = OPEN, VIN = VCC VCC Rising VCC Falling Hysteresis VCCUV = 0V, VIN = VCC VCC Rising VCC Falling Hysteresis VCCUV = 1.5V, VIN = VCC VCC Rising VCC Falling Hysteresis l l 6.5 5.8 7.0 6.4 600 7.5 6.9 V V mV l l 3.1 2.8 3.5 3.2 300 3.7 3.4 V V mV 9.7 9.1 10.5 9.9 600 10.9 10.3 V V mV 14 14 14 Bootstrapped Supply (BST-TS) VBST-TS VTG Above VTS with INP = 3V (DC) VIN = VCC = VTS = 7V, IBST = 0µA VIN = VCC = VTS = 10V, IBST = 0µA VIN = VTS = 135V, IBST = 0µA l l 9 10 10 11 12 12 V V V Charge Pump Output Current VTS = 20V, VBST-TS = 10V l –15 –30 µA BST-TS Floating UVLO BST-TS Rising BST-TS Falling 3.1 2.8 V V Output Gate Driver (TG) TG Pull-Up Resistance VIN = VBST = 12V l 2.2 7 Ω TG Pull-Down Resistance VIN = VBST = 12V l 1 4 Ω tr Output Rise Time 10% to 90%, CL = 1nF 10% to 90%, CL = 10nF 13 90 ns ns tf Output Fall Time 10% to 90%, CL = 1nF 10% to 90%, CL = 10nF 13 40 ns ns tPLH tPHL Input to Output Propagation Delay VINP Rising, CL = 1nF VINP Falling, CL = 1nF l l 35 35 70 70 ns ns 7000fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC7000 3 LTC7000/LTC7000-1 Electrical Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the specified operating junction temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C (Note 2). VIN = VSNS+ = 10V, VCC = VBST = 10V, VTS = GND = 0V, unless otherwise noted. SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS 1.7 1.3 2 1.6 400 2.2 1.8 1.16 1.05 1.21 1.10 110 1.26 1.15 V V mV –100 0 100 nA 1.25 1.3 1.35 V 75 100 125 mV Operation VIH VIL Input Threshold Voltages VINP Rising VINP Falling Hysteresis l l V V mV Input Pull-Down Resistance VINP = 1V RUN and OVLO Pin Threshold Voltages Rising Falling Hysteresis RUN and OVLO Leakage Current VRUN = 1.3V, VOVLO = 1.3V TIMER Threshold Voltage VTIMER Rising to VFAULT Going Low TIMER Early Warning Voltage VFAULT Going Low to (TG-TS) Going Low TIMER Pin Fault Pull-Up Current VTIMER = 1.0V, ISET = OPEN l –115 –100 –80 µA TIMER Pin Pull-Down Current VTIMER = 0.6V ISET = OPEN ΔVSNS = 0mV l 2.0 2.5 3.0 µA FAULT Output Low Voltage IFAULT = 1mA l 0.2 0.5 V FAULT Leakage Current VFAULT = 5V l –100 0 100 nA ΔVTH Current Sense Threshold Voltage ∆VSNS = (VSNS+ – VSNS–) ISET = OPEN or LTC7000-1 VISET = 1.2V (LTC7000 Only) VISET = 0V (LTC7000 Only) l 22 54 15 30 60 20 36 64 24 mV D Retry Duty Cycle ∆VSNS = 200mV CTIMER = 1nF l 0.06 0.1 % ISET (LTC7000 Only) and VCCUV Pull-Up Current VISET = 1.0V, VCCUV = 1.0V IMON Output Voltage (LTC7000 Only) ΔVSNS = 60mV, VTIMER = 0V, VINP = 3.5V ΔVSNS = 30mV, VTIMER = 0V, VINP = 3.5V Over-Current to TG Low Propagation Delay ΔVSNS Step 10mV to 50mV, ISET = OPEN, VTIMER = VCC, VINP = 3.5V Note 1: Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to any Absolute Maximum Rating condition for extended periods may affect device reliability and lifetime. Note 2: The LTC7000/LTC7000-1 is tested under pulsed load conditions such that TJ ≈ TA. The LTC7000E/LTC7000E-1 is guaranteed to meet performance specifications from 0°C to 85°C. Specifications over the –40°C to 125°C operating junction temperature range are assured by design, characterization and correlation with statistical process controls. The LTC7000I/LTC7000I-1 is guaranteed over the –40°C to 125°C operating junction temperature range, the LTC7000H/LTC7000H-1 is guaranteed over the –40°C to 150°C operating junction temperature range and the LTC7000MP/LTC7000MP-1 is tested and guaranteed over the –55°C to 150°C operating junction temperature range. High junction temperatures degrade operating lifetimes; operating lifetime is derated for junction temperatures greater than 125°C. Note that the maximum ambient temperature consistent with these specifications is determined by specific operating conditions in conjunction with board layout, the rated package thermal impedance and other environmental factors. 4 1 l l MΩ –11.3 –10 –8.7 µA 1.12 1.2 0.6 1.28 V V 70 ns Note 3: The junction temperature (TJ, in °C) is calculated from the ambient temperature (TA, in °C) and power dissipation (PD, in Watts) according to the formula: TJ = TA + (PD • θJA), where θJA is 45°C/W. Note 4: This IC includes over temperature protection that is intended to protect the device during momentary overload conditions. The maximum rated junction temperature will be exceeded when this protection is active. Operation above the specified absolute maximum operating junction temperature may impair device reliability or permanently damage the device. Note 5: Dynamic supply current is higher due to the gate charge being delivered at the switching frequency. See Applications Information. Note 6: For application concerned with pin creepage and clearance distances at high voltages, the MSE16(12) variation package should be used. See Applications Information. Note 7: Do not apply a voltage or current source to these pins. They must be connected to capacitive loads only; otherwise permanent damage may occur. Note 8: Total supply current is the sum of the current into the VIN, SNS+ and SNS– pins. 7000fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC7000 LTC7000/LTC7000-1 Typical Performance Characteristics Total Supply Current vs VIN Voltage 100.0 80.0 TOTAL SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) Driver On Resistance vs VBST-TS Voltage 6 VBST–TS = 13V VSNS+ = VIN VCCUV = OPEN VCCUV = 0V TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. VCCUV = 0V Charge Pump No-Load Output Voltage vs VTS 14 TGUP TGDN 5 12 10 RDSON (Ω) 40.0 VBST - V TS (V) 4 60.0 3 2 SHUTDOWN SLEEP ON 0 0 30 60 90 VIN VOLTAGE (V) 120 150 1 2 0 0 VCC = 4V 6 11 5.0 12 15 7 5 3 –20 –40 IBST (µA) –60 –80 –25.0 25°C 150°C 0 30 RUN and OVLO Threshold Voltages vs Temperature 90 VTS (V) 8.0 15 7000 G03 40 30 20 120 ISET = 0V ISET = OPEN 0 –50 150 0 ISET = 1.2V ISET = 1.5V 50 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) 7000 G05 Driver On Resistance vs Temperature 4 VCCUV = OPEN VBST–TS = 12V 7.5 TGUP TGDN 3 1.15 1.10 RISING FALLING 0 50 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) 150 7000 G07 7.0 RESISTANCE (Ω) VCCUV LOCKOUT (V) THRESHOLD VOLTAGE (V) 150 7000 G06 1.20 1.05 –50 20 50 VCCUV Lockout vs Temperature 1.25 10 VTS (V) 60 10 60 7000 G04 5 70 –15.0 –45.0 0 ∆VTH vs Temperature VCC = 7V VBST-TS = 10V 1 IBST = 0µA 80 –35.0 0 VCC = 4V VCC = 5V VCC = 6V VCC = 7V VCC ≥ 8V 7000 G02 –5.0 IBST (µA) 9 –1 9 VBST-TS (V) Charge Pump Output Current vs VTS VTS = 4V VTS = 6V VTS = 8V VTS = 10V VTS = 12V 13 VBST-VTS (V) 3 7000 G01 Charge Pump Load Regulation 15 6 4 CURRENT SENSE THRESHOLD VOLTAGE (mV) 20.0 8 6.5 6.0 2 1 5.5 5.0 –50 RISING FALLING 0 50 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) 150 7000 G08 0 –50 0 50 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) 150 7000 G09 7000fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC7000 5 LTC7000/LTC7000-1 Typical Performance Characteristics SNS+ Supply Current vs Temperature VIN Supply Current vs Temperature 35 30 VIN = 10V 30 6.0 VIN = VSNS+ = VSNS– = 10V 20 CURRENT (µA) 25 CURRENT (µA) SNS– Supply Current vs Temperature 20 15 10 5 0 –50 0 50 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) 10 0 SHUTDOWN SLEEP ON SHUTDOWN SLEEP ON 0 50 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) 7000 G10 –2.0 –50 150 SHUTDOWN, SLEEP ON 0 50 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) 7000 G11 VIN = 10V 150 7000 G12 SNS+ FAULT Threshold vs Temperature Input Threshold Voltage vs Temperature 3.0 2.0 0 –10 –50 150 VIN = VSNS+ = VSNS– = 10V 4.0 CURRENT (µA) 40 TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. Overcurrent to TGDN = LOW Delay Time vs Temperature 3.4 22 3.3 21 CTIMER = 1nF 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 –50 RISING FALLING 0 50 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) TIME (µs) THRESHOLD VOLTAGE (V) THRESHOLD VOLTAGE (V) 2.5 3.2 3.1 19 3.0 –50 150 RISING FALLING 0 50 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) 7000 G13 –9.0 150 7000 G16 3.5 PULL–UP CURRENT (µA) THRESHOLD VOLTAGE (V) DUTY CYCLE (%) 0.065 6 150 VISET = 1.0V (LTC7000 ONLY) VVCCUV = 1.0V 0.070 50 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) 50 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) ISET and VCCUV Pull-Up Current vs Temperature 4.0 0.075 0 0 7000 G15 VBST-TS Floating UVLO Voltage vs Temperature CTIMER = 1nF 0.060 –50 18 –50 150 7000 G15 Retry Duty Cycle vs Temperature 0.080 20 3.0 2.5 2.0 –50 RISING FALLING 0 50 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) 150 7000 G17 –9.5 –10.0 –10.5 –11.0 –50 0 50 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) 150 7000 G18 7000fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC7000 LTC7000/LTC7000-1 Pin Functions (LTC7000/LTC7000-1) RUN (Pin 1/NA): Run Control Input. A voltage on this pin above 1.2V enables normal operation. Forcing this pin below 0.7V shuts down the LTC7000, reducing quiescent current to approximately 1µA. Optionally connect to the input supply through a resistive divider to set the undervoltage lockout. VIN (Pin 2/Pin 1): Main Supply Pin. A bypass capacitor with a minimum value of 0.1µF should be tied between this pin and GND. VCC (Pin 3/Pin 3): Output of internal LDO and power supply for gate drivers and internal circuitry. Decouple this pin to GND with a minimum 1.0µF low ESR ceramic capacitor. Do not use the VCC pin for any other purpose. VCC can be overdriven from an external high efficiency source for high frequency switching applications that require higher power delivered to the external MOSFET. Do not connect VCC to a voltage greater than VIN. VCCUV (Pin 4/Pin 5): VCC Supply Undervoltage Lockout. A resistor on this pin sets the reference for the Gate Drive undervoltage lockout. The voltage on this pin in the range of 0.4V to 1.5V is multiplied by 7 to be the undervoltage lockout for the Gate Drive (VCC pin). Short to ground to set the minimum gate drive UVLO of 3.5V. Leave open to set gate drive UVLO to 7.0V FAULT (Pin 5/Pin 6): Open Drain Fault Output. This pin pulls low after the voltage on the TIMER pin has reached the fault threshold of 1.3V. It indicates the pass transistor is about to turn off due to an overcurrent condition. The typical pull-down impedance is 200Ω. The FAULT pin does not go to a high-impedance state until the overcurrent condition and the TIMER cooldown period expire. If the TIMER pin is pulled above 3.5V, the TIMER function is disabled. In this state this pin pulls low when the VTGUP-TS signal is driven high. TIMER (Pin 6/Pin 7): Fault Timer Input. A timing capacitor, CT, from the TIMER pin to GND sets the times for fault warning, fault turn off and retry periods (see Applications Information). When the TIMER pin is connected to a voltage higher than 3.5V, an overcurrent condition will immediately pull the TGDN pin to TS. TGUP will not go high again until the fault condition is reset by the INP pin going low and then back high. INP (Pin 7/Pin 8): Input Signal. CMOS compatible input reference to GND that sets the state of TGDN and TGUP pins (see Applications Information). INP has an internal 1MΩ pull-down to GND to keep TGDN pulled to TS during startup transients. OVLO (Pin 8/NA): Overvoltage Lockout Input. Connect to the input supply through a resistor divider to set the overvoltage lockout level. A voltage on this pin above 1.21V causes TGDN to be pulled to TS. Normal operation resumes when the voltage on this pin decreases below 1.11V. Triggering an OVLO causes a fault condition. OVLO should be tied to GND when not used. ISET (Pin 9/NA): Current Trip Threshold Set. A resistor on this pin to GND sets the peak current threshold. The voltage on this pin (internally clamped between 0.4V and 1.5V) is divided by 20 to be the current comparator reference. Short to GND for minimum peak current (20mV ΔVTH). Leave open for an accurate peak current (30mV ΔVTH). IMON (Pin 10/NA): Current Monitor. The voltage on this pin with respect to GND represents the voltage across the sense resistor multiplied by 20. The range on this pin is 0V to 1.5V. TGDN (Pin 11/Pin 9): High Current Gate Driver Pull-Down. This pin pulls down to TS. For the fastest turn-off, tie this pin directly to the gate of the external high side MOSFET. TGUP (Pin 12/Pin 10): High Current Gate Driver Pull-Up. This pin pulls up to BST. Tie this pin to TGDN for maximum gate drive transition speed. A resistor can be connected between this pin and the gate of the external MOSFET to control the in-rush current during turn-on. See Applications Information. TS (Pin 13/Pin 11): Top (High Side) source connection or GND if used in ground referenced applications. BST (Pin 14/Pin 12): High Side Bootstrapped Supply. An external capacitor with a minimum value of 0.1µF should be tied between this pin and TS. Voltage swing on this pin is 12V to (VIN + 12V). 7000fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC7000 7 LTC7000/LTC7000-1 Pin Functions SNS– (Pin 15/Pin 14), SNS+ (Pin 16/Pin 16): Current Sense Comparator Input. Place a sense resistor in series with the drain of the external MOSFET to set the peak current. The SNS– pin is connected to the drain side of the sense resistor. Use a Kelvin connection from the SNS+ and SNS– pins to the sense resistor. The current comparator trip threshold voltage, ΔVTH is 8 the ISET voltage divided by 20. The trip threshold is internally clamped to a minimum of 20mV and a maximum of 75mV. If ISET is open or greater than 2.0V, ΔVTH is set internally to 30mV. GND (Exposed Pad Pin 17): Ground. The exposed pad must be soldered to the PCB for rated electrical and thermal performance. 7000fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC7000 LTC7000/LTC7000-1 Block Diagram 3.5V TO 135V 2 9 VIN 10 IMON ISET 2.3V 1.0V 3 – + 100k 10µA /20 VCC CVCC + 20x – 20mV TO 75mV SNS+ SNS– + – 9R 16 RSNS 15 VCC BST R D1 (OPTIONAL) 14 PCH TGUP LEVEL SHIFT UP CHARGE PUMP TGDN CBST 12 M1 11 NCH TS SNS+ 2.3V 3.2V 10µA 4 1 VCCUV RUN 1.21V 8 7 OVLO INP 1M + – LEVEL SHIFT DOWN + – 2.3V + – FAULT 13 LOAD 5 200Ω 102.5µA/5µA LOGIC + – TIMER + – 3.5V 1.4V 1.3V 0.4V 6 CT 2.5µA 7000 BD 7000fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC7000 9 LTC7000/LTC7000-1 Timing Diagram INPUT RISE/FALL TIME < 10ns INPUT (INP) VIH VIL 90% 10% OUTPUT (TG-TS) tPLH tr tPHL tf 7000 TD Operation (Refer to Block Diagram) The LTC7000/LTC7000-1 is designed to receive a groundreferenced, low voltage digital input signal, INP and quickly drive and protect a high side N-channel power MOSFET whose drain can be up to 150V above ground. The LTC7000/LTC7000-1 is capable of driving a 1nF load using a 12V bootstrapped supply voltage (VBST –V TS) with 35ns of propagation delay and fast rise/fall times. The high gate drive voltage reduces external power losses associated with external MOSFET on-resistance. The strong drivers not only provide fast turn on and off times but hold the TGUP and TGDN to TS voltages in the desired state in the presence of high slew rate transients which can occur driving inductive loads at high voltages. Overcurrent Protection The LTC7000/LTC7000-1 protects a high side N-channel MOSFET from an overcurrent condition by monitoring the voltage across an external sense resistor placed in series with the drain of an external MOSFET and forcing the external MOSFET to turn off by pulling TGDN to TS when the voltage across the sense resistor, ΔVSNS, exceeds the current comparator threshold voltage, ΔV TH, after a period of time set by the timing capacitor, CT. When an overcurrent condition is detected with ISET open, ΔV TH is internally programmed to a low value of 30mV minimizing the external conduction loss associated with current sensing by allowing the use of lower value sense resistors. A resistor placed between ISET and ground allows ΔV TH to be programmed from 20mV to 75mV. 10 An adjustable fault and overcurrent timer is enabled by placing a capacitor, C T from the TIMER pin to ground and allows the load to continue functioning during brief overcurrent transient events while protecting the MOSFET from long periods of high currents. An external fault flag is available which can warn of an impending MOSFET turn off. A fast turn-off mode where TGDN is immediately pulled to TS due to an overcurrent is available by connecting the TIMER pin to VCC. Current Monitor (LTC7000 Only) The LTC7000 provides an output voltage referenced to ground on the IMON pin that reflects the current flowing through the external sense resistor connected between SNS+ and SNS– while TGUP is high. The voltage on IMON is the voltage difference between the SNS+ and SNS– pins multiplied by 20x and referenced to ground with a range of 0V to 1.5V. The IMON output voltage has an output impedance of 100kΩ and is pulled to ground with a 100kΩ resistor when INP is low. VCC Power Power for the MOSFET driver and internal circuitry is derived from the VCC pin. The VCC pin voltage is generated from an internal P-channel LDO connected to VIN. VCC can also be overdriven from a high efficiency external source for high frequency switching applications that require higher power delivered to external MOSFET. VCC should never be driven higher than VIN or permanent damage to the LTC7000/LTC7000-1 could occur. 7000fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC7000 LTC7000/LTC7000-1 Operation (Refer to Block Diagram) Internal Charge Pump The LTC7000/LTC7000-1 contains an internal charge pump that enables the MOSFET gate drive to have 100% duty cycle. The charge pump regulates the BST-TS voltage to 12V reducing external power losses associated with external MOSFET on-resistance. The charge pump uses the higher voltage of TS or VCC as the source for the charge. Start-Up and Shutdown If the voltage on the RUN pin (LTC7000 only) is less than 0.7V, the LTC7000 enters a shutdown mode in which all internal circuitry is disabled, reducing the DC supply current to approximately 1µA. When the voltage on the RUN pin exceeds 0.7V, the internal LDO connected to VIN is enabled and regulates VCC to 10V. At VIN voltages less than 10V, the LDO will operate in drop-out and VCC will follow VIN. When the voltage on the RUN pin exceeds 1.21V, the input circuitry is enabled allowing TGUP and TGDN to be driven high with respect to TS. The LTC7000-1 does not include the RUN pin. The internal LDO connected to VIN and the input circuitry for the LTC7000-1 become enabled when VIN is higher than 3.5V. LTC7000/LTC7000-1 incorporates an overtemperature shutdown feature. If the junction temperature reaches approximately 180°C, the LTC7000/LTC7000-1 will enter thermal shutdown mode and TGDN will be pulled to TS. After the part has cooled below 160°C, TGDN will be allowed to go back high. The overtemperature level is not production tested. The LTC7000/LTC7000-1 is guaranteed to start a temperatures below 150°C. The LTC7000/LTC7000-1 additionally implements protection features which prohibit TGUP being pulled to BST when VIN, VCC or (VBST –V TS) are not within proper operating ranges. By using a resistive divider from VIN to ground (LTC7000 only), the RUN and OVLO pins can serve as a precise input supply overvoltage/undervoltage lockouts. TGDN is pulled to TS when either RUN falls below 1.11V or OVLO rises above 1.21V, which can be configured to limit switching to a specific range on input supply voltages. Furthermore, if VIN falls below 3.5V, an internal undervoltage detector pulls TGDN to TS. Protection Circuitry VCC contains an undervoltage lockout feature that will pull TGDN to TS and is configured by the VCCUV pin. If VCCUV is open, TGDN is pulled to TS until VCC is greater than 7.0V. By using a resistor from VCCUV to ground, the rising undervoltage lockout on VCC can be adjusted from 3.5V to 10.5V. When using the LTC7000/LTC7000-1, care must be taken not to exceed any of the ratings specified in the Absolute Maximum Ratings section. As an added safeguard, the An additional internal undervoltage lockout is included that will pull TGDN to TS when the floating voltage from BST to TS is less than 3.1V (typical). 7000fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC7000 11 LTC7000/LTC7000-1 Applications Information Input Stage LTC7000/LTC7000-1 The LTC7000/LTC7000-1 employs CMOS compatible input thresholds that allow a low voltage digital signal connected to INP to drive standard power MOSFETs. The LTC7000/LTC7000-1 contains an internal voltage regulator which biases the input buffer connected to INP allowing the input thresholds (VIH = 2.0V, VIL = 1.6V) to be independent of variations in VCC. The 400mV hysteresis between VIH and VIL eliminates false triggering due to noise events. However, care should be taken to keep INP from any noise pickup, especially in high frequency, high voltage applications. INP also contains an internal 1MΩ pull-down resistor to ground, keeping TGDN pulled to TS during startup and other unknown transient events. During shutdown (VRUN<0.7V) the internal 1MΩ pull-down resistor is disabled and INP becomes high impedance. INP has an Absolute Maximum of –6V to +15V which allows the signal driving INP to have voltage excursions outside the normal power supply and ground range. It is not uncommon for signals routed with long PCB traces and driven with fast rise/fall times to inductively ring to voltages higher than power supply or lower than ground. Output Stage A simplified version of the LTC7000/LTC7000-1 output stage is shown in Figure 1. The pull-down device is an N-channel MOSFET with a typical 1Ω RDS(ON) and the pull-up device is a P-channel MOSFET with a typical 2.2Ω RDS(ON). The pull-up and pull-down pins have been separated to allow the turn-on transient to be controlled while maintaining a fast turn-off. The LTC7000/LTC7000-1 powerful output stage (1Ω pulldown and 2.2Ω pull-up) minimizes transition losses when driving external MOSFETs and keeps the MOSFET in the state commanded by INP even if high voltage and high frequency transients couple from the power MOSFET back to the driving circuitry. The large gate drive voltage on TGUP and TGDN reduces conduction losses in the external MOSFET because RDS(ON) is inversely proportional to its gate overdrive (VGS – VTH). 12 BST 12V + AV = 1 – + – CHARGE PUMP VCC 2.2Ω TGUP TGDN 30µA 1Ω INP HIGH SPEED 150V LEVEL SHIFTER TS 7000 F01 Figure 1. Simplified Output Stage SNS+ and SNS– Pins SNS+ and SNS– are the inputs to the high side current comparator and current monitor. The common mode operational voltage range for these pins is 3.5V to 150V independent of any other voltages. SNS+ also provides power to the current comparator and current monitor and draws approximately 21µA when not shut down and INP is high. SNS– draws a bias current of approximately 4µA when not shut down and INP is high. When SNS+ is less than 3.2V typical (3.5V minimum), a fault condition occurs and the adjustable fault timer is enabled with the same behavior as an overcurrent fault. Normally the SNS pins are connected to the drain side of the external MOSFET. However, the SNS pins can be connected to the source side of the external MOSFET as long as the source voltage rises above 3.5V before the Fault Timer expires. See Fault Timer and Fault Flag section. ISET Pin (LTC7000 Only) The current comparator has an adjustable threshold voltage, ΔVTH, of 20mV to 75mV and is set by placing a resistor to ground on the ISET pin. The ISET pin is biased with an internal 10µA current source. Floating ISET enables the current comparator to have an accurate 30mV threshold voltage which allows for lower value sense resistors and reduces the external power dissipation. By placing a 40kΩ to 150kΩ resistor between ISET and ground, the sense threshold voltage can be programmed 7000fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC7000 LTC7000/LTC7000-1 Applications Information to values between 20mV and 75mV. The value of resistor for a particular sense threshold voltage can be selected using Figure 2 or the following equation: RISET = Δ VTH 0.5µA Where 20mV< ΔVTH < 75mV. CURRENT SENSE THRESHOLD ∆VTH (mV) 80 70 60 50 40 TOVER _ CURRENT = 30 1.4V • CTIMER + 1.5µs 100µA The warning time, TWARNING, generated by an overcurrent event is given by the following equation: 20 10 0 is turned off during an overcurrent fault condition. The same capacitor also sets the cooldown period before the external MOSFET is allowed to turn back on. Once a fault condition is detected, a 100µA current charges the TIMER pin. When the voltage on the TIMER pin reaches 1.3V, the FAULT pin pulls low to indicate the detection of a fault condition and provide warning of an impending power loss. After the TIMER voltage crosses the 1.4V threshold, TGDN is immediately pulled to TS turning off the external MOSFET. The on-time of the external MOSFET, TOVER_CURRENT, during an overcurrent event is given by the following equation: 0 TWARNING = 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 ISET RESISTOR TO GROUND (kΩ) 7000 F02 Figure 2. RISET Selection Optional filtering can be placed in series with the SNS– pin as shown in Figure 3. Note that the SNS– pin takes 4µA of bias current which will affect the current sense and current monitoring functions. The value of RFLT needs to be less than 250Ω to keep current sensing error less than 1mV due to the bias current associated with SNS– pin. POWER LTC7000/ LTC7000-1 SNS+ CFLT SNS– INP = LO, 0µA INP = HI, 4µA RFLT RSNS M1 TGUP TGDN TS 7000 F03 0.1V • CTIMER + 1.5µs 100µA If the overcurrent fault condition disappears before TIMER has reached 1.4V, TIMER is discharged by a 2.5µA current. If TIMER had reached 1.3V (FAULT has gone low) and the overcurrent fault condition disappears, TIMER is discharged with a 2.5µA current and FAULT will be reset when TIMER reaches 0.4V. The on-time and warning times are shown graphically in Figure 4. VTMR (V) 1.4 1.3 LOAD Figure 3. Sense Pins Filtering Fault Timer and Fault Flag TIME The LTC7000/LTC7000-1 includes an adjustable fault timer. Connecting a capacitor from the TIMER pin to ground sets the delay period before the external MOSFET TFAULT 13ms/µF TWARNING 1ms/µF TOVER_CURRENT 14ms/µF 7000 F04 Figure 4. Fault Timer Trip Points 7000fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC7000 13 LTC7000/LTC7000-1 Applications Information Cooldown Period and Restart As soon as TIMER reaches 1.4V, TGDN is pulled to TS in an overcurrent fault condition and the TIMER pin starts discharging with a 2.5µA current. When TIMER reaches 0.4V, TIMER charges with a 2.5µA current. When TIMER reaches 1.4V, it starts discharging again with a 2.5µA current. This pattern repeats 32 times to form a long cooldown timer period (TCOOL_DOWN) before retry (Figure 5). If INP is cycled low, TGDN will be pulled to TS and TIMER will be pulled low with an internal 100kΩ resistor. If INP is cycled low during the cooldown period, the timer counter will be reset. If INP then goes high, TGUP will pulled to BST and the fault timer will be reactivated with the TIMER voltage starting from it’s current value. At the end of the cooldown period (when TIMER drops below 0.4V for the 32nd time), the LTC7000/LTC7000-1 retries, pulling TGUP to BST and turning on the external MOSFET. The FAULT pin will then go to a high impedance state. The total cooldown timer period is given by: The retry duty cycle in percent is to a first order independent of CT and is defined by: D= 100 • TOVER _ CURRENT TOVER _ CURRENT + TCOOL _ DOWN To defeat the automatic retry, place a 100kΩ resistor in parallel with the TIMER capacitor. Note that the time to turn off from an overcurrent fault will be increased by 7% and the FAULT pin will remain low indicating a fault has occurred. To get the LTC7000/LTC7000-1 to retry and to clear the fault flag the INP signal needs to cycle low then back high. Typical turn-off times and cooldown periods for some standard value timer capacitors are shown Table 1: Table 1. Fault Time for Typical Capacitors 63 • 1.0V • CTIMER TCOOL _ DOWN = 2.5µA CTIMER TOVER_CURRENT TCOOL_DOWN Retry Duty Cycle (nF) (µs) (s) % <0.1 ~3 0.0005 ~0.6 1 16 0.025 0.06 10 142 0.250 0.06 100 1402 2.500 0.06 >30mV <30mV ∆VSNS 1.40V 1.30V TIMER 0.4V 1ST 2ND 31ST 32ND FAULT V(TG-TS) (TGUP SHORTED TO TGDN) 7000 F05 INP COOLDOWN PERIOD (TCOOL_DOWN) Figure 5. Auto Retry Cool-Down Timer Cycle 14 7000fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC7000 LTC7000/LTC7000-1 Applications Information >30mV >30mV <30mV ∆VSNS 1.40V 1.30V TIMER 0.4V 1ST 1ST 31ST 32ND FAULT V(TG-TS) (TGUP SHORTED TO TGDN) 7000 F06 INP Figure 6. Auto Retry with INP Cycling Low Fast Turn-Off Mode If the TIMER pin is connected to VCC or any other supply greater than 3.5V (abs max 15V), an overcurrent event will immediately pull TGDN to TS and the LTC7000/ LTC7000-1 will remain there until the INP signal has cycled low and then back high. In fast turn-off mode, the typical delay from a ΔVSNS overcurrent step to TG going low is around 70ns, so very fast short-circuit events can be detected. Also, when the TIMER pin is connected to a voltage greater than 3.5V, the FAULT signal is redefined to be the inverse state of the high side pull-up (VTGUP – VTS). The FAULT signal can be used in this application as lowvoltage digital information that has been level shifted down from the high side MOSFET. An application for this could include using this signal to wait until VTGUP–VTS has gone low before turning on a redundant power MOSFET. High Side Current Monitor Output (LTC7000 Only) The LTC7000 contains a high side current monitor output. The high side differential voltage sensed across the SNS+ and SNS– pins (ΔVSNS) is multiplied by 20 and ground referenced on the IMON pin which makes it suitable for monitoring and regulating the MOSFET current. The working range of IMON is 0V to 1.5V as ΔVSNS varies from 0mV to 75mV. The IMON pin is a voltage output whose nominal output impedance is 100kΩ and should not be resistively loaded. The current monitor output is only available if the INP signal is high, otherwise the IMON pin is pulled to ground. A block diagram of the IMON circuit is shown in Figure 7. The gm of the transimpedance amplifier tracks the 100kΩ internal resistor to ground which makes variations over process minimal. LTC7000 SNS+ SNS– + – gm = 200µA/V INP IMON 100k 7000 F07 Figure 7. IMON Block diagram RUN Pin and External Input Overvoltage/Undervoltage Lockout (LTC7000 Only) The RUN pin has two different threshold voltage levels. Pulling RUN below 0.7V puts the LTC7000 into a low quiescent current shutdown mode (IQ ~ 1µA). When the RUN pin is greater than 1.20V, the part is enabled. Figure 8 shows examples of configurations for driving the RUN pin from logic. 7000fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC7000 15 LTC7000/LTC7000-1 Applications Information The RUN and OVLO pins can alternatively be configured as precise undervoltage (UVLO) and overvoltage (OVLO) lockouts on the VIN supply with a resistive divider from VIN to ground. A simple resistive divider can be used as shown in Figure 9 to meet specific VIN voltage requirements. When RUN or OVLO is greater than 1.2V, TGDN will be pulled to TS and the external MOSFET will be turned off. VIN SUPPLY R1 LTC7000 RUN LTC7000 RUN M2 7000 F08 Figure 8. RUN Pin Interface to Logic VIN RUN LTC7000 OVLO D5 R5 Similarly, for applications that do not require a precise UVLO, the RUN pin can be tied to VIN. In this configuration, the UVLO threshold is limited by the internal VIN UVLO thresholds as shown in the Electrical Characteristics table. The resistor values for the OVLO can be computed using the above equations with R3 = 0Ω. Be aware that the OVLO pin cannot be allowed to exceed its absolute maximum rating of 6V. To keep the voltage on the OVLO pin from exceeding 6V, the following relationship should be satisfied: ⎛ ⎞ R5 VIN(MAX) • ⎜ ⎟ < 6V ⎝ R3+R4+R5 ⎠ If the VIN(MAX) relationship for the OVLO pin cannot be satisfied, an external 5V Zener diode should also be placed from OVLO to ground in addition to any lockout setting resistors. R3 R4 For applications that do not need a precise external OVLO the OVLO pin is required to be tied directly to ground. The RUN pin in this type of application can be used as an external UVLO using the above equations with R5 = 0Ω. 7000 F09 Bootstrapped Supply (BST-TS) Figure 9. Adjustable UV and OV Lockout The current that flows through the R3 – R4 – R5 divider will directly add to the shutdown, sleep and active current of the LTC7000, and care should be taken to minimize the impact of this current on the overall current used by the application circuit. Resistor values in the megaohm range may be required to keep the impact of the quiescent shutdown and sleep currents low. To pick resistor values, the sum total of R3 + R4 + R5 (RTOTAL) should be chosen first based on the allowable DC current that can be drawn from VIN. The individual values of R3, R4 and R5 can then be calculated from the following equations: R5 = RTOTAL • 1.21V Rising VIN OVLO Threshold R4 = RTOTAL • 1.21V – R5 Rising VIN UVLO Threshold R3 = RTOTAL – R5 – R4 16 An external bootstrapped capacitor, CB, connected between BST and TS supplies the gate drive voltage for the MOSFET driver. The LTC7000/LTC7000-1 keeps the BST-TS supply charged with an internal charge pump, allowing for duty cycles up to 100%. When the high side external MOSFET is to be turned on, the driver places the CB voltage across the gate-source of the MOSFET. This enhances the high side MOSFET and turns it on. The source of the MOSFET, TS, rises to VIN and the BST pin follows. With the high side MOSFET on, the BST voltage is above the input supply; VBST = VIN + 12V. The boost capacitor, CB, supplies the charge to turn on the external MOSFET and needs to have at least 10 times the charge to turn on the external MOSFET fully. The charge to turn on the external MOSFET is referred to gate charge, QG, and is typically specified in the external MOSFET data sheet. Gate charge can range from 5nC to hundreds of nCs and is influenced by the gate drive level and the type of external MOSFET used. For most applications, a capacitor value 7000fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC7000 LTC7000/LTC7000-1 Applications Information of 0.1µF for CB will be sufficient. However, the following relationship for CB should be maintained: 10 • External MOSFET QG CB > 1V The internal charge pump that charges the BST-TS supply outputs approximately 30µA to the BST pin. If the time to charge the external bootstrapped capacitor, CB from initial power-up with the internal charge pump is not sufficient for the application, a low reverse leakage external silicon diode, D1, with a reverse voltage rating greater than VIN connected between VCC and BST should be used as shown in Figure 10. An external silicon diode between VCC and BST should be used if the following relationship cannot be met: BST diode required if • 12V C power-up to INP going high < BST ≅ 40ms 30µA LTC7000/ LTC7000-1 VCC D1 CB If the internal P-channel LDO is used to power VCC and an external silicon diode is used between VCC and BST, care must be taken not to switch an external MOSFET at too high a frequency that can collapse the internal LDO. The internal LDO can only supply 1mA with a 200mV drop-out. In order to keep the internal LDO supply from collapsing when an external silicon diode is used from VCC to BST, the following relationship should be maintained: 7000 F10 Figure 10. External BST Diode Another reason to use an external silicon diode between VCC and BST is if the external MOSFET is switched at a frequency so high that the BST-TS supply collapses. An external silicon diode between VCC and BST should be used if the following relationship cannot be met: BST diode required if switching frequency > The VCC pin provides the power for the MOSFET gate drivers and internal circuitry. The LTC7000/LTC7000-1 features an internal P-channel low dropout regulator (LDO) that can supply power at VCC from the VIN supply pin or VCC can be driven from an external power supply. If the internal P-channel LDO is used to power VCC, it must have a minimum 1.0µF low ESR ceramic capacitor to ensure stability and should not be connected to any other circuitry other than optionally biasing some pins on the LTC7000/LTC7000-1 (FAULT, INP or TIMER). Maximum switching frequency with internal LDO< BST TS VCC Generation 30µA ≅ 500Hz 2 • MOSFET QG A Schottky diode should not be used between VCC and BST, as the reverse leakage of the Schottky diode at hot will be more current than the charge pump can overcome. Some example silicon diodes with low leakage include: • MMBD1501A - Fairchild Semiconductor • CMPD3003 - Central Semiconductor 1mA ≅ 20kHz 2 • MOSFET QG For higher gate charge applications, an external silicon diode between VCC and BST should be used and VCC can be driven from a high efficiency external supply. VCC should never be driven higher than VIN or permanent damage to the LTC7000/LTC7000-1 could occur. VCC Undervoltage Comparator The LTC7000/LTC7000-1 contains an adjustable undervoltage lockout (UVLO) on the VCC voltage that pulls TGDN to TS and can be easily programmed using a resistor (RVCCUV) between the VCCUV pin and ground. The voltage generated on VCCUV by RVCCUV and the internal 10µA current source set the VCC UVLO. The rising VCC UVLO is internally limited within the range of 3.5V and 10.5V. If VCCUV is open the rising VCC UVLO is set internally to 7.0V. The typical value of resistor for a particular rising VCC UVLO can be selected using Figure 11 or the following equation: RVCCUV = Rising VCC UVLO 70µA 7000fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC7000 17 LTC7000/LTC7000-1 Applications Information Limiting Inrush Current During Turn-On Where 3.5V < Rising VCC UVLO < 10.5V. 11 10 9 VCC UVLO (V) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 RISING VCC UVLO FALLING VCC UVLO 1 0 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 VCCUV RESISTOR TO GROUND (kΩ) 7000 F11 Figure 11. VCCUV Resistor Selection MOSFET Selection The most important parameters in high voltage applications for MOSFET selection are the breakdown voltage BVDSS, on-resistance RDS(ON) and the safe operating area, SOA. The MOSFET, when off, will see the full input range of the input power supply plus any additional ringing than can occur when driving inductive loads. External conduction losses are minimized when using low RDS(ON) MOSFETs. Since many high voltage MOSFETs have higher threshold voltages (typical VTH ≥ 5V) and RDS(ON) is directly related to the (VGS–VTH) of the MOSFET, the LTC7000/LTC7000-1 maximum gate drive of greater than 10V makes it an ideal solution to minimize external conduction losses associated with external high voltage MOSFETs. SOA is specified in Typical Characteristic curves in power N-channel MOSFET data sheets. The SOA curves show the relationship between the voltages and current allowed in a timed operation of a power MOSFET without causing damage to the MOSFET. The overcurrent trip point (RSNS and RISET) of the LTC7000/LTC7000-1 and TIMER capacitor should be chosen to stay within the SOA region of the MOSFET selected for the application. 18 Driving large capacitive loads such as complex electrical systems with large bypass capacitors should be powered using the circuit shown in Figure 12. The pull-up gate drive to the power MOSFET from TGUP is passed through an RC delay network, RG and CG, which greatly reduces the turn-on ramp rate of the MOSFET. Since the MOSFET source voltage follows the gate voltage, the load is powered smoothly from ground. This dramatically reduces the inrush current from the source supply and reduces the transient ramp rate of the load allowing for slower activation of sensitive electrical loads. The turn-off of the MOSFET is not affected by the RC delay network as the pull-down for the MOSFET gate is directly from the TGDN pin. Note that the voltage rating on capacitor CG needs to be the same or higher than the external MOSFET and CLOAD. Adding CG to the gate of the external MOSFET can cause high frequency oscillation. A low power, low ohmic value resistor (10Ω) should be placed in series with CG to dampen the oscillations as shown in Figure 12 whenever CG is used in an application. Alternatively, the low ohmic value resistor can be placed in series with the gate of the external MOSFET. VIN SNS+ LTC7000/ LTC7000-1 RSNS SNS– TGUP TGDN BST TS RG 100k CB 1µF 7000 F12 10Ω CG 0.047µF CLOAD 100µF LOAD Figure 12. Powering Large Capacitive Loads The values for RG and CG to limit the inrush current can be calculated from the below equation: IIN _ RUSH ≅ 0.7 • 12V • CLOAD RG • CG 7000fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC7000 LTC7000/LTC7000-1 Applications Information For the values shown in Figure 12 the inrush current will be: IIN _ RUSH ≅ 0.7 • 12V • 100µF ≅ 180mA 100kΩ • 0.047µF Correspondingly, the ramp rate at the load for the circuit in Figure 12 is approximately: Δ VLOAD 0.7 • 12V ≅ ≅ 2V/ ms ΔT RG • CG Reverse Input Protection To protect the load from discharging back into VIN when the external MOSFET is off and the VIN voltage drops below the load voltage, two external N-channel MOSFETs should be used and must be configured in a back-to-back arrangement as shown in Figure 14. Dual N-channel packages such as the Vishay/Siliconix Si7956DP are a good choice for space saving designs. VIN When CG is added to the circuit in Figure 12, the value of the bootstrap capacitor, CB, must be increased to be able to supply the charge to both to MOSFET gate and capacitor CG. The relationship for CB that needs to be maintained when CG is used is given by: LTC7000/ LTC7000-1 TGUP INP SNS+ RSNS SNS– 7000 F13 M1B Figure 14. Protecting Load from Voltage Drops on VIN VIN M1A L1 TS TS LOAD When turning off a power MOSFET that is connected to an inductive load (inductor, long wire or complex load), the TS pin can be pulled below ground until the current in the inductive load has completely discharged. The TS pin is tolerant of voltages down to –6V, however, an optional Schottky diode with a voltage rating at least as high as the load voltage should be connected between TS and ground to prevent discharging the load through the TS pin of the LTC7000/LTC7000-1. See Figure 13. TGUP M1A TGDN 7000 F14 Optional Schottky Diode Usage on TS TGDN RSNS SNS– 10 • MOSFET QG CB > + 10 • CG 1V LTC7000/ LTC7000-1 SNS+ LOAD D2 Figure 13. Optional Schottky Diode Usage Design Example As a design example, consider a fast power supply switch with the following specifications: VIN = VLOAD = 8V to 135V, ILOAD = 3A, Insertion Loss < 0.5W at room temp with maximum load, output rise time with a 1µF load is 1V/µs (1A inrush current) and a shorted load should immediately turn off the MOSFET. The first item to select is the N-channel MOSFET. The IRF7815PBF is selected because it has sufficient breakdown voltage (BVDSS_MIN = 150V), sufficient continuous current rating for a 3A load (ID_MAX = 4.1A) and the on-resistance is low enough (RDS(ON)_MAX = 43mΩ) to be able to meet the power loss specification. Examining the MOSFET data sheet, the VGS vs RDS(ON) typical performance curve shows a sharp increase in RDS(ON) as the MOSFET VGS gets below 8.0V. Since the default VCC UVLO is 7.0V, a resistor (RVCCUV ) should be placed between VCCUV and ground to increase the VCC 7000fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC7000 19 LTC7000/LTC7000-1 Applications Information UVLO to 8.0V. The value of RVCCUV is calculated and rounded to the nearest standard value as follows: RVCCUV = 8.0V = 113kΩ 70µA The value of the current sense resistor, RSNS is calculated next. The LTC7000-1 has a fixed current sense threshold, ΔVTH, of 30mV typical and 22mV minimum. To provide a minimum 3A load current, the minimum specified ΔVTH = 22mV should be used for the RSNS calculation below: RSNS = 22mV = 7.3mΩ 3A The closest standard value is 7mΩ. The power dissipation of RSNS is 63mW so choose a power rating of greater than 0.25W to provide adequate margin. The next item to check is to make sure the insertion loss specification is satisfied. The insertion loss is given by: PLOSS = ILOAD 2 • RDS(ON)(MAX) +RSNS ( ) = 3A 2 • (0.043Ω + 0.007Ω) = 0.45W Which meets the design specification of less than 0.5W. The fast output slew rate specification of 1V/µs into a 1µF load can be met by placing a resistor, RG, in series with the TGUP pin to the MOSFET gate, as well as connecting TGDN and a capacitor, CG, to ground on the MOSFET gate. The values of RG and TG can be calculated from the following expression: RG • CG ≅ 0.7 • 12V = 8.4µs 1V / µs CG needs to have a voltage rating as high as the BVDSS of the MOSFET. A good choice for CG is the AVX 06032C471KAT2A which has a value of 470pF and a voltage rating of 200V. RG is then calculated to be 17.8kΩ. The bootstrap capacitor CB can be calculated from the gate charge as specified in the MOSFET data sheet and CG as follows: 10 • QG 10 • 30nC + 10 • CG = + 10 • 470pF 1V 1V ≅ 0.33µF CB > To meet the short-circuit specification, the TIMER pin should be connected to VCC to enable immediate turn-off (approximately 70ns) of the MOSFET in the case of an overcurrent condition. If an overcurrent condition turns off the MOSFET, it will not turn back on until the INP pin has cycled low then back high. The complete circuit is shown in Figure 15. Turn–On Transient VIN 8V TO 135V SNS+ VIN 0.007Ω VCC 1µF SNS– TIMER FAULT LTC7000-1 TGUP TGDN 17.8k INP BST VCCUV 113k 0.33µF GND IRF7815TRPBF 10Ω CG 470pF 200V TS LOAD 8V TO 135V 1µF 3A CONTINUOUS MODE VINP 5V/DIV VIN = 135V VLOAD 50V/DIV IDMOSFET 1A/DIV 50µs/DIV 7000 F15b 7000 F15 Figure 15. Design Example 20 7000fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC7000 LTC7000/LTC7000-1 Applications Information PC Board Layout Considerations 1. Solder the exposed pad on the backside of the LTC7000/ LTC7000-1 packages directly to the ground plane of the board. 2. Kelvin connect current sense resistor. 3. Limit the resistance of the TS trace, by making it short and wide. 4. CB needs to be close to chip. 5. Always include an option in the PC board layout to place a resistor in series with the gate of any external MOSFET. High frequency oscillations are design dependent and having the option to add a series dampening resistor can save a design iteration of the PC board. Pin Creepage and Clearance In some higher voltage applications, the MSE16 package may not provide sufficient PC board trace clearance between high and low voltage pins. In applications where clearance is required, the LTC7000-1 in the MSE16(12) package can be used. The MSE16(12) package has removed pins between all the adjacent high voltage and low voltage pins, providing 0.657mm clearance, which will be sufficient for most applications. For more information, refer to the printed circuit board design standards described in IPC-2221 (www.ipc.org). 7000fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC7000 21 LTC7000/LTC7000-1 Typical Applications Protected Redundant Supply Switchover with Shoot Through Protection 0.003Ω MAIN POWER 7V TO 135V 2× BSC320N20NS3G LOAD 10A CONTINUOUS 2× BSC320N20NS3G 0.003Ω 1µF 10Ω 1nF SNS+ VIN RUN SNS– TGDN TGUP TS 200k LTC7000 BST INP FAULT 100k 1µF GND TIMER OVLO SNS+ VIN RUN NOTE: THE BACKUP PATH WILL LATCH-OFF WITH AN OVERCURRENT FAULT. LTC7000 1µF VCC FAULT VCCUV IMON ISET TGDN SNS– 0.1µF BST 6.98k 10Ω 10k TGUP TS 0.1µF VCC INP TIMER OVLO 1nF VBACKUP 7V TO 135V GND VCCUV IMON ISET 7000 TA02 VLOAD vs Main Power Voltage 80 VMAIN Falling Through 33V VBACKUP = 60V VTG–TS MAIN 10V/DIV VLOAD (V) 70 VBACKUP = 60V VTG–TS MAIN 10V/DIV VLOAD 20V/DIV VLOAD 20V/DIV 50 40 40µs/DIV 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 MAIN POWER (V) 70 VBACKUP = 60V VTG–TS BACKUP 10V/DIV VTG–TS BACKUP 10V/DIV 60 30 VMAIN Rising Through 36V 7000 TA02c 2µs/DIV 7000 TA02d 80 7000 TA02b 22 7000fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC7000 LTC7000/LTC7000-1 Typical Applications High Side Switch with Input Overvoltage and Overcurrent Protection VIN 3.5V TO 60V (150V TOLERANT) SNS+ VIN RUN OVLO 953k 19.6k FAULT 1µF 100k 1nF 0.005Ω LTC7000 VCC TS TIMER OFF ON INP SNS– TGUP TGDN BST GND BSC12DN20NS3G 0.1µF ISET IMON VCCUV LOAD 3.5V TO 60V 10A CONTINUOUS MAX 150k 7000 TA03a High Side Switch with Overcurrent Protection and Fault Latchoff VIN 3.5V TO 135V SNS+ VIN 100k 1µF RTIMER 10nF 0.04Ω VCC SNS– FAULT TIMER LTC7000-1 TGUP TGDN BSC12DN20NS3G BST 0.1µF TS OFF ON INP GND VCCUV LOAD 3.5V TO 135V 0.5A CONTINUOUS 7000 TA04a RTIMER = OPEN 12Ω/100ms LOAD PULSE RTIMER = 100k 12Ω/100mS LOAD PULSE RLOAD 10kΩ/DIV RLOAD 10kΩ/DIV VLOAD 10V/DIV VLOAD 10V/DIV ILOAD 1A/DIV ILOAD 1A/DIV VTIMER 1A/DIV VTIMER 1V/DIV 100ms/DIV VIN = 12V VINP = 4V 7000 TA04b 100ms/DIV 7000 TA04c VIN = 12V VINP = 4V 7000fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC7000 23 LTC7000/LTC7000-1 Typical Applications Average Current Trip VIN 3.5V TO 135V 3.3V D VINP Q VIN RUN SNS+ INP SNS– TGUP TGDN RB LTC7000 FAULT Response to 1.2A Load Step 0.06Ω ILOAD 1A/DIV SI7738DP VIMON 1V/DIV BST 100k 0.1µF VCC VCCUV TIMER OVLO 1µF TS IMON ISET GND VIN = 12V VAMPOUT 2V/DIV LOAD 3.5V TO 135V <1A AVERAGE VLOAD 10V/DIV 250ms/DIV 150k 7000 TA05b 500k AMPOUT 3.3V 8 5 1 LTC1541 + – + – 7 1µF + – 2 400k 3 0.1µF 6 1.2V 7000 TA05a 4 High Side Switch with Auto-Retry, Inrush Control and OVLO 7V TO 60V (150V TOLERANT) 47µF + 1µF 590k 1µF 100k RUN VIN SNS+ VCC SNS– VCCUV TGUP TGDN FAULT 0.003Ω LTC7000 12.1k BST INP 10Ω IRFS4115PBF GND VINP 4V/DIV VIN = 48V VLOAD 20V/DIV 4.7µF TS TIMER 100nF 220k 0.47µF OVLO OFF ON Turn-On Response IMON ISET DFLS1150 LOAD 15mF 7V TO 60V ILOAD 1A/DIV 200ms/DIV 7000 TA05b 7000 TA06 24 7000fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC7000 LTC7000/LTC7000-1 Package Description Please refer to http://www.linear.com/product/LTC7000#packaging for the most recent package drawings. MSE Package 16-Lead Plastic MSOP, Exposed Die Pad (Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1667 Rev F) BOTTOM VIEW OF EXPOSED PAD OPTION 2.845 ±0.102 (.112 ±.004) 5.10 (.201) MIN 2.845 ±0.102 (.112 ±.004) 0.889 ±0.127 (.035 ±.005) 8 1 1.651 ±0.102 (.065 ±.004) 1.651 ±0.102 3.20 – 3.45 (.065 ±.004) (.126 – .136) 0.305 ±0.038 (.0120 ±.0015) TYP 16 0.50 (.0197) BSC 4.039 ±0.102 (.159 ±.004) (NOTE 3) RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD LAYOUT 0.254 (.010) 0.35 REF 0.12 REF DETAIL “B” CORNER TAIL IS PART OF DETAIL “B” THE LEADFRAME FEATURE. FOR REFERENCE ONLY 9 NO MEASUREMENT PURPOSE 0.280 ±0.076 (.011 ±.003) REF 16151413121110 9 DETAIL “A” 0° – 6° TYP 3.00 ±0.102 (.118 ±.004) (NOTE 4) 4.90 ±0.152 (.193 ±.006) GAUGE PLANE 0.53 ±0.152 (.021 ±.006) DETAIL “A” 1.10 (.043) MAX 0.18 (.007) SEATING PLANE 1234567 8 0.17 – 0.27 (.007 – .011) TYP 0.50 NOTE: (.0197) 1. DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETER/(INCH) BSC 2. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE 3. DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSIONS OR GATE BURRS. MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSIONS OR GATE BURRS SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.152mm (.006") PER SIDE 4. DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE INTERLEAD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS. INTERLEAD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.152mm (.006") PER SIDE 5. LEAD COPLANARITY (BOTTOM OF LEADS AFTER FORMING) SHALL BE 0.102mm (.004") MAX 6. EXPOSED PAD DIMENSION DOES INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH ON E-PAD SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.254mm (.010") PER SIDE. 0.86 (.034) REF 0.1016 ±0.0508 (.004 ±.002) MSOP (MSE16) 0213 REV F 7000fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC7000 25 LTC7000/LTC7000-1 Package Description Please refer to http://www.linear.com/product/LTC7000#packaging for the most recent package drawings. MSE Package Variation: MSE16 (12) 16-Lead Plastic MSOP with 4 Pins Removed Exposed Die Pad (Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1871 Rev D) BOTTOM VIEW OF EXPOSED PAD OPTION 2.845 ±0.102 (.112 ±.004) 5.10 (.201) MIN 2.845 ±0.102 (.112 ±.004) 0.889 ±0.127 (.035 ±.005) 8 1 1.651 ±0.102 (.065 ±.004) 1.651 ±0.102 3.20 – 3.45 (.065 ±.004) (.126 – .136) 16 0.305 ±0.038 (.0120 ±.0015) TYP 0.50 (.0197) 1.0 BSC (.039) BSC RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD LAYOUT 0.254 (.010) 0.35 REF 4.039 ±0.102 (.159 ±.004) (NOTE 3) 0.12 REF DETAIL “B” CORNER TAIL IS PART OF DETAIL “B” THE LEADFRAME FEATURE. FOR REFERENCE ONLY 9 NO MEASUREMENT PURPOSE 0.280 ±0.076 (.011 ±.003) REF 16 14 121110 9 DETAIL “A” 0° – 6° TYP 3.00 ±0.102 (.118 ±.004) (NOTE 4) 4.90 ±0.152 (.193 ±.006) GAUGE PLANE 0.53 ±0.152 (.021 ±.006) DETAIL “A” 1.10 (.043) MAX 0.18 (.007) SEATING PLANE 0.17 – 0.27 (.007 – .011) TYP 1 3 567 8 1.0 (.039) BSC 0.50 (.0197) BSC NOTE: 1. DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETER/(INCH) 2. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE 3. DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSIONS OR GATE BURRS. MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSIONS OR GATE BURRS SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.152mm (.006") PER SIDE 4. DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE INTERLEAD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS. INTERLEAD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.152mm (.006") PER SIDE 5. LEAD COPLANARITY (BOTTOM OF LEADS AFTER FORMING) SHALL BE 0.102mm (.004") MAX 6. EXPOSED PAD DIMENSION DOES INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH ON E-PAD SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.254mm (.010") PER SIDE. 26 0.86 (.034) REF 0.1016 ±0.0508 (.004 ±.002) MSOP (MSE16(12)) 0213 REV D 7000fa For more information www.linear.com/LTC7000 LTC7000/LTC7000-1 Revision History REV DATE DESCRIPTION A 07/17 Updated pin descriptions. PAGE NUMBER Modified Block Diagram. 7 8 Inserted paragraph. 11, 13 Modified equations. 13 Changed from 3.3V to 3.5V in Fast Turn-Off Mode paragraph, updated Table 1 numbers. 14 Changed to Zener from Schottky diode. 15 Schematic clarification. 22, 23 7000fa Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its information circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights. For more www.linear.com/LTC7000 27 LTC7000/LTC7000-1 Typical Application Protected Motor Driver VIN 40V TO 60V (150V TOLERANT) 590k SNS+ VIN RUN 0.004Ω 6.04k OVLO 12.1k 1nF LTC7000 SNS– TGUP TGDN TIMER 100k 86.6k BSC12DN20NS3G LOAD 40V TO 60V 8A CONTINUOUS MAX TS ISET 0.1µF BST VCCUV BAS116L PWM –20kHz VS-12CWQ10FN VCC INP IMON 100k FAULT GND M 48V, 500W MOTOR 1µF 7000 TA07 Related Parts PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION COMMENTS LTC7001 Fast 150V High Side NMOS Static Switch Driver 3.5V to 150V Operation, IQ = 35µA, Turn-On (CL = 1nF) = 35ns, Internal Charge Pump LTC4440/LTC4440-5/ High Speed, High Voltage High Side LTC4440A-5 Gate Driver Up to 100V Supply Voltage, 8V ≤ VCC ≤ 15V, 2.4A Peak Pull-Up/1.5Ω Peak Pull-Down LTC7138 High Efficiency, 150V 250mA/400mA Synchronous Step-Down Regulator Integrated Power MOSFETs, 4V ≤ VIN ≤ 150V, 0.8V ≤ VOUT ≤ VIN, IQ = 12µA, MSOP-16 (12) LTC7103 105V, 2.3A Low EMI Synchronous Step-Down Regulator 4.4V ≤ VIN ≤ 105V, 1V ≤ VOUT ≤ VIN, IQ = 2µA Fixed Frequency 200kHz to 2MHz, 5mm x 6mm QFN LTC7801 150V Low IQ, Synchronous Step-Down DC/DC Controller 4V ≤ VIN ≤ 140V, 150V abs max, 0.8V ≤ VOUT ≤ 60V, IQ = 40µA, PLL Fixed Frequency 320kHz to 2.25MHz LT1910 Protected High Side MOSFET Driver 8V to 48V Operation, ΔVSNS = 65mV, IQ = 110µA, Turn-On (CL = 1nF) = 220µs, Internal Charge Pump LTC4367 100V Overvoltage, Undervoltage and Reverse Supply Protection 2.5V ≤ VIN ≤ 60V, VOUT Protection Up to 100V, Reverse Protection to –40V, MSOP-8, 3mm × 3mm DFN-8 LTC4368 100V Overvoltage, Undervoltage and Revernse Protection 2.5V ≤ VIN ≤ 60V, VOUT Protection Up to 100V, Reverse Protection to –40V, MSOP-8, 3mm × 3mm DFN-8 Controller with Bidirectional Circuit Breaker LTC4364 Surge Stopper with Ideal Diode 4V to 80V Operation, ΔVSNS = 50mV, IQ = 425µA, Turn-On (CL = 1nF) = 500µs, Internal Charge Pump LTC7860 High Efficiency Switching Surge Stopper 4V to 60V Operation, ΔVSNS = 95mV, IQ = 370µA, PMOS Driver LTC4231 Micropower Hot Swap Controller 2.7V to 36V Operation, ΔVSNS = 50mV, IQ = 4µA, Turn-On (CL = 1nF) = 1ms, Internal Charge Pump LTC3895 150V Low IQ, Synchronous Step-Down DC/DC Controller PLL Fixed Frequency 50kHz to 900kHz, 4V ≤ VIN ≤ 140V, 0.8V ≤ VOUT ≤ 60V, IQ = 40µA LTC4380 Low Quiescent Current Surge Stopper 4V to 80V Operation, ΔVSNS = 50mV, IQ = 8µA, Turn-On = 5ms, Internal Charge Pump LTC3639 High Efficiency, 150V 100mA Synchronous Step-Down Regulator Integrated Power MOSFETs, 4V ≤ VIN ≤ 150V, 0.8V ≤ VOUT ≤ VIN, IQ = 12µA, MSOP-16(12) 28 7000fa LT 0717 REV A • PRINTED IN USA For more information www.linear.com/LTC7000 www.linear.com/LTC7000 LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 2017