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DS100RT410
SNLS448A – JANUARY 2013 – REVISED OCTOBER 2015
DS100RT410 Low-Power 10-GbE Quad Channel Retimer
1 Features
3 Description
•
The DS100RT410 is a four-channel retimer with
integrated signal conditioning. Each channel can
independently lock to 10.3125-Gbps data rate to
support 10 GbE. The device includes a fully adaptive
continuous-time linear equalizer (CTLE), clock and
data recovery (CDR) and a transmit de-emphasis
(DE) driver to enable data transmission over long,
lossy and crosstalk-impaired highspeed serial links to
achieve BER < 1 × 10–15. For channels with a high
amount of crosstalk, the DS100DF410 should be
used because it has self-calibrating 5-tap decisionfeedback equalizer (DFE).
•
•
•
•
•
•
The programmable settings can be applied easily
using the SMBus (I2C) interface, or they can be
loaded through an external EEPROM. An on-chip eye
monitor and a PRBS generator allow real-time
measurement of high-speed serial data for system
bring-up or field tuning. Flow-through pinout and
single power supply make the DS100RT410 easy to
use.
Device Information(1)
PART NUMBER
DS100RT410
PACKAGE
BODY SIZE (NOM)
WQFN (48)
7.00 mm × 7.00 mm
(1) For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at
the end of the data sheet.
Typical Application Diagram
Line Card
Switch Fabric
Optical Modules
DS100DF410
x4
ASIC
x4
x4
DS100DF410
•
•
Connector
•
•
•
•
•
•
Each Channel Independently Locks to
10.3125 Gbps
Lock Operation (Typically Under 15 ms)
Low Latency (≈300 ps)
Adaptive Equalization up to 34-dB Boost at 5 GHz
Adjustable Transmit VOD: 600 to 1300 mVp-p
Adjustable Transmit De-emphasis to –12 dB
Typical Power Dissipation (EQ+CDR+DE):
150 mW/channel
Programmable Output Polarity Inversion
Input Signal Detection, CDR Lock Detection and
Indicator
On-chip Eye Monitor (EOM), PRBS Generator
Single 2.5 V ±5% Power Supply
SMBus and EEPROM Configuration Modes
Operating Temperature Range of –40°C to 85°C
WQFN 48-Pin, 7 mm × 7 mm Package
Easy Pin Compatible Upgrade Between Repeater
and Retimers
– DS100RT410 (EQ+CDR+DE): 10.3125 Gbps
– DS100DF410 (EQ+DFE+CDR+DE):
10.3125 Gbps
– DS110RT410 (EQ+CDR+DE): 8.5 to
11.3 Gbps
– DS110DF410 (EQ+DFE+CDR+DE): 8.5 to
11.3 Gbps
– DS125RT410 (EQ+CDR+DE): 9.8 to
12.5 Gbps
– DS125DF410 (EQ+DFE+CDR+DE):
9.8 to 12.5 Gbps
– DS100BR410 (EQ+DE): Up to 10.3125 Gbps
DS100DF410
1
ASIC
SFP+(SFF8431)
QSFP
10GbE
x4
10GbE
2 Applications
•
•
•
Front Port SFF 8431 (SFP+) Optical and Direct
Attach Copper
Backplane Reach Extension, Data Retimer
Ethernet: 10 GbE, 1 GbE
For other data rates and data transmission
protocols, other pin-compatible devices in the
retimer family can be used.
Back
Plane/
DS100DF410
Passive Copper
Mid
Plane
Clean Signal
Noisy Signal
1
An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications,
intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA.
DS100RT410
SNLS448A – JANUARY 2013 – REVISED OCTOBER 2015
www.ti.com
Table of Contents
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Features ..................................................................
Applications ...........................................................
Description .............................................................
Revision History.....................................................
Pin Configuration and Functions .........................
Specifications.........................................................
1
1
1
2
3
5
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
5
5
5
5
6
8
Absolute Maximum Ratings .....................................
ESD Ratings..............................................................
Recommended Operating Conditions ......................
Thermal Information ..................................................
Electrical Characteristics...........................................
Typical Characteristics ..............................................
Detailed Description .............................................. 9
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
Overview ................................................................... 9
Functional Block Diagram ......................................... 9
Feature Description................................................... 9
Device Functional Modes........................................ 12
7.5 Programming........................................................... 16
7.6 Register Maps ......................................................... 28
8
Application and Implementation ........................ 45
8.1 Application Information............................................ 45
8.2 Typical Application .................................................. 45
9 Power Supply Recommendations...................... 47
10 Layout................................................................... 47
10.1 Layout Guidelines ................................................. 47
10.2 Layout Example .................................................... 47
11 Device and Documentation Support ................. 49
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
Documentation Support ........................................
Community Resources..........................................
Trademarks ...........................................................
Electrostatic Discharge Caution ............................
Glossary ................................................................
49
49
49
49
49
12 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable
Information ........................................................... 50
4 Revision History
NOTE: Page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version.
Changes from Original (January 2013) to Revision A
Page
•
Added Device Information table, ESD Ratings table, Thermal Information table, Detailed Description section,
Application and Implementation section, Power Supply Recommendations section, Layout section, Device and
Documentation Support section, and Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information section ..................................... 1
•
Changed Channel Register 33 to Reserved. ....................................................................................................................... 39
2
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SNLS448A – JANUARY 2013 – REVISED OCTOBER 2015
5 Pin Configuration and Functions
GND
LP F_CP_ 1
LP F_REF_1
39
38
37
ALL_DONE
LOCK_1/ADDR_1
42
40
REFCLK_OUT
43
41
READ_EN
INT
44
VDD
LOCK_0/ADDR_0
45
LP F_CP_ 0
47
46
LP F_REF_0
48
RHS Package
48 Pin WQFN
Top View
RXP0
1
36
TXP0
RXN0
2
35
TXN0
VDD
3
34
GND
RXP1
4
33
TXP1
RXN1
5
32
TXN1
VDD
6
31
GND
DS100RT410
VDD
7
7 mm x 7 mm, 0.5 mm pitch
30
GND
RXP2
8
TOP VIEW
29
TXP2
RXN2
9
DAP = GND
28
TXN2
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
SDA
REFCLK_IN
EN_SMB
LOCK_2/ADDR_2
GND
LP F_CP_ 2
LP F_REF_2
TXN3
SDC
25
15
12
LOCK_3ADDR_3
RXN3
VDD
TXP3
14
GND
26
13
27
11
LP F_CP_ 3
10
LP F_REF_3
VDD
RXP3
Pin Functions
PIN
NAME
NO.
I/O, TYPE (1)
DESCRIPTION
HIGH-SPEED DIFFERENTIAL I/O
RXP0
RXN0
1
2
I, CML
Inverting and non-inverting CML-compatible differential inputs to the equalizer. Nominal
differential input impedance = 100 Ω. Must be AC coupled.
RXP1
RXN1
4
5
I, CML
Inverting and non-inverting CML-compatible differential inputs to the equalizer. Nominal
differential input impedance = 100 Ω. Must be AC coupled.
RXP2
RXN2
8
9
I, CML
Inverting and non-inverting CML-compatible differential inputs to the equalizer. Nominal
differential input impedance = 100 Ω. Must be AC coupled.
RXP3
RXN3
11
12
I, CML
Inverting and non-inverting CML-compatible differential inputs to the equalizer. Nominal
differential input impedance = 100 Ω. Must be AC coupled.
TXP0
TXN0
36
35
O, CML
Inverting and non-inverting CML-compatible differential outputs from the driver.
Nominal differential output impedance = 100 Ω. Must be AC coupled.
TXP1
TXN1
33
32
O, CML
Inverting and non-inverting CML-compatible differential outputs from the driver.
Nominal differential output impedance = 100 Ω. Must be AC coupled.
TXP2
TXN2
29
28
O, CML
Inverting and non-inverting CML-compatible differential outputs from the driver.
Nominal differential output impedance = 100 Ω. Must be AC coupled.
TXP3
TXN3
26
25
O, CML
Inverting and non-inverting CML-compatible differential outputs from the driver.
Nominal differential output impedance = 100 Ω. Must be AC coupled.
(1)
Notes: I = Input, O = Output and 2.5-V LVCMOS pins are 2.5-V levels only.
Only SMBus pins SDA and SDC and INT pin are 3.3-V tolerant. These three pins are open-drain and require external pullup
resistors.
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Pin Functions (continued)
PIN
NAME
NO.
I/O, TYPE (1)
DESCRIPTION
LOOP FILTER CONNECTION PINS
LPF_CP_0
LPF_REF_0
47
48
I/O, analog
Loop filter connection
Place a 22 nF ± 10% capacitor between LPF_CP_0 and LPF_REF_0
LPF_CP_1
LPF_REF_1
38
37
I/O, analog
Loop filter connection
Place a 22 nF ± 10% capacitor between LPF_CP_1 and LPF_REF_1
LPF_CP_2
LPF_REF_2
23
24
I/O, analog
Loop filter connection
Place a 22 nF ± 10% capacitor between LPF_CP_2 and LPF_REF_2
LPF_CP_3
LPF_REF_3
14
13
I/O, analog
Loop filter connection
Place a 22 nF ± 10% capacitor between LPF_CP_3 and LPF_REF_3
REFERENCE CLOCK I/O
REFCLK_IN
19
I, 2.5-V analog
Input is 2.5 V, 25 MHz ± 100-ppm reference clock from external oscillator.
No stringent phase noise requirement
REFCLK_OUT
42
O, 2.5-V analog
Output is 2.5 V, buffered replica of reference clock input for connecting multiple
DS100RT410 devices on a board
LOCK INDICATOR PINS
LOCK_0
LOCK_1
LOCK_2
LOCK_3
45
40
21
16
O, 2.5-V
LVCMOS
Output is 2.5 V, the pin is high when CDR lock is attained on the corresponding
channel.
These pins are shared with SMBus address strap input functions read at start-up.
Output is 2.5 V, the pin goes low to indicate that the SMBus master EEPROM read has
been completed.
SMBus MASTER MODE PINS
ALL_DONE
41
O, 2.5-V
LVCMOS
READ_EN
44
I, 2.5-V LVCMOS
Input is 2.5 V, a transition from high to low starts the load from the external EEPROM.
The READ_EN pin must be tied low when in SMBus slave mode
43
O, 3.3-V
LVCMOS, Open
Drain
Used to signal horizontal or vertical eye opening out of tolerance, loss of signal detect,
or CDR unlock
External 2-kΩ to 5-kΩ pullup resistor is required.
Pin is 3.3-V LVCMOS tolerant.
INTERRUPT OUTPUT
INT
SERIAL MANAGEMENT BUS (SMBus) INTERFACE
ADDR_0
ADDR_1
ADDR_2
ADDR_3
45
40
21
16
Input is 2.5 V, the ADDR_[3:0] pins set the SMBus address for the retimer.
These pins are strap inputs. Their state is read on power-up to set the SMBus address
I, 2.5-V LVCMOS in SMBus control mode.
High = 1-kΩ to VDD, Low = 1-kΩ to GND
These pins are shared with the lock indicator functions. See Table 2.
EN_SMB
20
I, 2.5-V analog
Input is 2.5 V, selects SMBus master mode or SMBus slave mode
EN_SMB = High for slave mode
EN_SMB = Float for master mode
Tie READ_EN pin low for SMBus slave mode. See Table 1.
SDA
18
I/O, 3.3-V
LVCMOS, Open
Drain
Data Input and Open Drain Output
External 2-kΩ to 5-kΩ pullup resistor is required.
Pin is 3.3-V LVCMOS tolerant.
SDC
17
I/O, 3.3-V
LVCMOS, Open
Drain
Clock Input / Open Drain Clock Output
External 2-kΩ to 5-kΩ pullup resistor is required.
Pin is 3.3-V LVCMOS tolerant.
VDD
3, 6, 7,
10, 15, 46
Power
VDD = 2.5 V ± 5%
GND
22, 27,
30, 31,
34, 39
Power
Ground reference.
DAP
PAD
Power
Ground reference. The exposed pad at the center of the package must be connected
to ground plane of the board with at least 4 vias to lower the ground impedance and
improve the thermal performance of the package.
POWER
4
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6 Specifications
6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
(1)
MIN
MAX
UNIT
Supply Voltage (VDD)
–0.5
2.75
V
2.5 I/O Voltage (LVCMOS and Analog)
–0.5
2.75
V
3.3 LVCMOS I/O Voltage (SDA, SDC, INT)
–0.5
4.0
V
Signal Input Voltage (RXPn, RXNn)
–0.5
2.75
V
Signal Output Voltage (TXPn, TXNn)
–0.5
2.75
V
150
°C
150
°C
Junction Temperature
Storage Temperature, Tstg
(1)
–65
Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, which do not imply functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended
Operating Conditions. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
6.2 ESD Ratings
VALUE
V(ESD)
(1)
(2)
(3)
Electrostatic discharge
Human Body Model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001, all
pins (1)
±6000
Machine Model (MM), STD - JESD22-A115-A (2)
±250
Charged Device Model (CDM), per JEDEC specification JESD22C101, all pins (3)
±1250
UNIT
V
JEDEC document JEP155 states that 6000-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
JEDEC document JEP157 states that 250-V MM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
JEDEC document JEP157 states that 1250-V CDM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
Supply voltage (VDD to GND)
Ambient temperature
MIN
NOM
MAX
2.375
2.5
2.625
UNIT
V
–40
25
85
°C
6.4 Thermal Information
(1)
See
DS100RT410
THERMAL METRIC (2)
RHS (WQFN)
UNIT
48 PINS
RθJA
Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance
29.2
°C/W
RθJC(top)
Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance
10.2
°C/W
RθJB
Junction-to-board thermal resistance
6.3
°C/W
ψJT
Junction-to-top characterization parameter
0.1
°C/W
ψJB
Junction-to-board characterization parameter
6.3
°C/W
RθJC(bot)
Junction-to-case (bottom) thermal resistance
2.0
°C/W
(1)
(2)
No airflow, 4-layer JEDEC, 9 thermal vias
For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the IC Package Thermal Metrics application report, SPRA953.
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6.5 Electrical Characteristics
over recommended operating supply and temperature ranges with default register settings unless otherwise specified.
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
(1)
UNIT
POWER
PD
Power supply consumption
Average power consumption (2)
Max transient power supply current
660
(3)
500
50 Hz to 100 Hz
NTPS
Supply noise tolerance
(4)
mW
610
mA
100
mVP-P
100 Hz to 10 MHz
40
mVP-P
10 MHz to 5.0 GHz
10
mVP-P
2.5-V LVCMOS DC SPECIFICATIONS
High level input voltage
1.75
VDD
V
High level (ADDR[3:0] pins)
2.28
VDD
V
Low level input voltage
GND
0.7
V
VIL
Low level input voltage
(ADDR[3:0] pins)
GND
0.335
VOH
High level output voltage
IOH = –3 mA
VOL
Low level output voltage
IOL = 3 mA
IIN
Input leakage current
IIH
Input high current (EN_SMB pin)
VIN = VDD
IIL
Input low current (EN_SMB pin)
VIN = GND
VIH
2.0
V
VIN = VDD
VIN = GND
V
0.4
V
10
μA
μA
–10
55
μA
–110
μA
3.3-V LVCMOS DC SPECIFICATIONS (SDA, SDC, INT)
VIH
High level input voltage
VDD = 2.5 V
1.75
3.6
V
VIL
Low level input voltage
VDD = 2.5 V
GND
0.7
V
VOL
Low level output voltage
IPULLUP = 3 mA
0.4
V
IIH
Input high current
VIN = 3.6 V, VDD = 2.5 V
20
40
μA
IIL
Input low current
VIN = GND, VDD = 2.5 V
–10
10
μA
fSDC
SMBus clock rate
400
kHz
Slave Mode
10
Master Mode (5)
400
kHz
DATA BIT RATES
RB
Bit rate range
10.3125-Gbps Ethernet
1.25-Gbps Ethernet
10.1
10.6
Gbps
1.2
1.3
Gbps
SIGNAL DETECT
SDH
Signal detect ON threshold level
Default differential input signal level to
assert signal detect,
10.3125 Gbps, PRBS-31
70
mVp-p
SDL
Signal detect OFF threshold level
Default differential input signal level to deassert signal detect,
10.3125 Gbps, PRBS-31
10
mVp-p
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
6
Typical values represent most likely parametric norms at VDD = 2.5 V, TA = 25°C, and at the Recommended Operation Conditions at the
time of product characterization.
VDD = 2.5 V, TA = 25°C. All four channels active and locked.
Maximum power supply current during lock acquisition. All four channels active, all four channels unlocked, all registers at default
settings.
Allowed supply noise (mVP-P sine wave) under typical conditions.
EEPROM device used for Master mode programming must support fSDC greater than 400 kHz.
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Electrical Characteristics (continued)
(1)
over recommended operating supply and temperature ranges with default register settings unless otherwise specified.
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
RECEIVER INPUTS (RXPn, RXNn)
VTX2, min
VTX2, max
VTX1, max
Minimum source transmit launch
signal level (IN, diff)
VTX0, max
600
mVP-P
1000
mVP-P
See
(6)
1200
mVP-P
See
(7)
1600
mVP-P
–15
dB
See
(5)
LRI
Maximum differential input return
loss - |SDD11|
100 MHz to 6 GHz
ZD
Differential input impedance
100 MHz to 6 GHz
100
Ω
ZS
Single-ended input impedance
100 MHz to 6 GHz
50
Ω
(8)
DRIVER OUTPUTS (TXPn, TXNn)
VOD0
VOD7
Differential output voltage
Differential measurement with OUT+ and
OUT- terminated by 50 Ω to GND,
AC-Coupled, SMBus register VOD control
(Register 0x2d bits 2:0) set to 0, minimum
VOD De-emphasis control set to minimum
(0 dB)
400
Differential output voltage
Differential measurement with OUT+ and
OUT- terminated by 50 Ω to GND,
AC-Coupled SMBus register VOD control
(Register 0x2d bits 2:0) set to 7, maximum
VOD De-emphasis control set to minimum
(0 dB)
1000
Differential measurement with OUT+ and
OUT- terminated by 50 Ω to GND,
AC-Coupled Set by SMBus register control
to maximum de-emphasis setting
Relative to the nominal 0-dB de-emphasis
level set at the minimum de-emphasis
setting
(9)
VOD_DE
De-emphasis level
tR, tF
Transition time (rise and fall
times) (9) (10)
LRO
Maximum differential output return
100 MHz to 6 GHz
loss - |SDD22|
tDP
Propagation delay
Transition time control = Full slew rate
39
ps
Transition time control = Limited slew rate
50
ps
–15
dB
(8)
300
ps
Measured at VOD = 1000 mVP-P, deemphasis setting = –12 dB
75
ps
10
ps
3
ps
7
ps
De-emphasis pulse duration
TJ
Output total jitter
Measured at BER = 10–12 (13)
Intra pair skew
Difference in 50% crossing between TXPn
and TXNn for any output
Channel-to-channel skew
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
mVP-P
dB
TDE
TSKEW
mVP-P
–12
Retimed data (11)
(12)
675
Differential signal amplitude at the transmitter output providing < 1x10–12 bit error rate. Measured at 10.3125 Gbps with a PRBS-31 data
pattern. Input transmission channel is 40-inch long FR-4 stripline, 4-mil trace width.
Differential signal amplitude at the transmitter output providing < 1x10–12 bit error rate. Measured at 10.3125 Gbps with a PRBS-31 data
pattern. No input transmission channel.
Measured with 10-MHz clock pattern output.
Measured with clock-like {11111 00000} pattern.
Slew rate is controlled by SMBus register settings.
Typical at 10.3125-Gbps bit rate.
De-emphasis pulse width varies with VOD and de-emphasis settings.
Typical with no output de-emphasis, minimum output transmission channel.
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Electrical Characteristics (continued)
(1)
over recommended operating supply and temperature ranges with default register settings unless otherwise specified.
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
CLOCK AND DATA RECOVERY
BWPLL
PLL bandwidth, –3 dB
Measured at 10.3125 Gbps
JTOL
Input sinusoidal jitter tolerance
10-kHz to 250-MHz sinusoidal
jitter frequency
5
MHz
Measured at BER = 10–15
0.6
UI
JTRANS
Jitter transfer sinusoidal jitter at
10-MHz jitter frequency
Measured at BER = 10–15
–6
dB
TLOCK
CDR lock time
Measured at 10.3125 Gbps
15
ms
RECOMMENDED REFERENCE CLOCK SPECS
REFf
Input reference clock frequency
24.9975
REFCLK_INPW
Minimum REFCLK_IN Pulse
Width
At REFCLK_IN pin
REFCLK_
OUTDCD
REFCLK_OUT duty cycle
distortion
CL = 5 pF
REFVIH
REFVIL
25 25.0025
MHz
4
ns
0.55
ns
Reference clock input min high
threshold
1.75
V
Reference clock input max low
threshold
0.7
V
1.2
1.2
1
1
Voltage Output Differential (Vp-p)
Voltage Output Differential (Vp-p)
6.6 Typical Characteristics
0.8
0.6
0.4
VOD = 0.6Vpp
VOD = 0.8Vpp
VOD = 1.0Vpp
VOD = 1.2Vpp
0.2
0.8
0.6
0.4
VOD = 0.6Vpp
VOD = 0.8Vpp
VOD = 1.0Vpp
VOD = 1.2Vpp
0.2
0
0
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
-40
-20
Temperature (degrees C)
0
20
40
60
C00
Figure 1. Typical VOD vs VDD
8
80
Temperature (degrees C)
C00
Figure 2. Typical VOD vs Temperature
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7 Detailed Description
7.1 Overview
The DS100RT410 is a low-power 10-GbE 4-channel retimer. Each channel in the DS100RT410 operates
independently. All channels include a continuous time linear equalizer (CTLE), clock and data recovery circuit
(CDR) and a differential driver with programmable output voltage and de-emphasis. Each channel also has its
own eye opening monitor (EOM) and configurable pseudo-random bit sequence (PRBS) pattern generator that
can be used for debug purposes.
The DS100RT410 is configurable through a single SMBus port. The DS100RT410 can also act as an SMBus
master to configure itself from an EEPROM.
The following sections describe the functionality of the various circuits and features within the DS100RT410.
7.2 Functional Block Diagram
CTLE
Driver with
De-emphasis
Retimer/CDR
IN+
OUT+
IN-
OUT100:
100
Eye
Opening
Monitor
Signal
Detect
Patt.
Gen
VCO
Digital Core
REFCLK_IN
SMBus
1.2V
Regulator
2V
Regulator
2.5V
Figure 3. DS100RT410 Data Path Block Diagram: One of Four Channels
7.3 Feature Description
7.3.1 Device Data Path Operation
The data path operation of the DS100RT410 comprises the functional sections as listed in the data path block
diagram of Figure 3. The functional sections are as follows.
• Signal Detect
• CTLE
• CDR
• Differential Output Driver
7.3.2 Signal Detect
The signal detect circuit monitors the energy level on the receiver inputs and powers on or off the rest of the high
speed data path if a signal is detected or not. By default, each channel allows the signal detect circuit to
automatically power on or off the rest of the high speed data path depending on if a signal is present. The signal
detect block can be manually controlled in the SMBus channel registers. This can be useful if it is desired
manually force channels to be disabled.
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Feature Description (continued)
7.3.3 CTLE
The CTLE in the DS125DF410 is a fully adaptive equalizer with optional limiting stage. The CTLE adapts
according to a figure of merit (FOM) calculation during the lock acquisition process. Once the CDR has locked
and the CTLE has been adapted, the CTLE boost level will be frozen until a manual re-adapt command is issued
or until the CDR re-enters the lock acquisition state. The CTLE is typically readapted by resetting the CDR. The
CTLE consists of 4 stages, with each stage having 2-bit boost control. This allows for 256 different stage-boost
combinations. The CTLE adaption algorithm allows the CTLE to adapt through 32 of these stage-boost
combinations. These 32 stage-boost combinations comprise the EQ Table in the channel registers; see channel
registers 0x40 through 0x5F. This EQ Table can be reprogrammed to support up to 32 of the 256 stage-boost
settings.
CTLE boost levels are determined by summing the boosts levels of the four stages. Different stage-boost
combinations that sum to the same number will have approximately the same boost level, but will result in a
different shape for the EQ transfer function (boost curve).
The fourth stage in the CTLE can be programmed through the SMBus interface to become a limiting stage rather
than a linear stage.
7.3.4 Clock and Data Recovery
The DS100RT410 performs its clock and data recovery function by detecting the bit transitions in the incoming
data stream and locking its internal VCO to the clock represented by the mean arrival times of these bit
transitions. This process produces a recovered clock with jitter which is greatly reduced for jitter frequencies
outside the bandwidth of the CDR phase-locked loop (PLL). This is the primary benefit of using the DS100RT410
in a system. It significantly reduces the jitter present in the data stream, in effect resetting the jitter budget for the
system.
7.3.5 Output Driver
The output driver is capable of driving variable output voltages with variable amounts of analog de-emphasis.
The output voltage and de-emphasis level can be configured by writing registers over the SMBus. The
DS100RT410 cannot determine independently the appropriate output voltage or de-emphasis setting, so the user
is responsible for configuring these parameters. They can be set for each channel independently.
An idealized transmit waveform with analog de-emphasis applied is listed in Figure 4.
1.0
VOD (V)
0.5
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
0
1
2
3
4 5 6
TIME (UI)
7
8
9 10
Figure 4. Idealized De-Emphasis Waveform
7.3.6 CTLE Boost Setting
The CTLE is a four-stage amplifier with an adjustable, quasi-high-pass transfer function on each stage. The
overall frequency response of the CTLE is set by adjusting the boost of each stage independently. Each stage of
the CTLE can be set to one of four boost settings. The amount of high-frequency boost supplied by each stage
generally increases with increasing boost settings.
The CTLE can also be configured to adapt automatically to provide the optimum boost level for its input signal.
Automatic adaptation of the CTLE only is the default mode of operation for the DS100RT410.
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Feature Description (continued)
7.3.7 Driver Output Voltage
The differential output voltage of the DS100RT410 can be configured from a nominal setting of 600-mV peak-topeak differential to a nominal setting of 1.3-V peak-to-peak differential, depending upon the application. The
driver output voltage as set is the typical peak-to-peak differential output voltage with no de-emphasis enabled.
7.3.8 Driver Output De-Emphasis
The output de-emphasis level of the DS100RT410 can be configured from a nominal setting of 0 dB to a nominal
setting of –12 dB depending upon the application. Larger absolute values of the de-emphasis setting provide
more pre-distortion of the output driver waveform, accentuating the high-frequency components of the output
driver waveform relative to the low-frequency components. Greater values of de-emphasis can compensate for
greater dispersion in the transmission media at the output of the DS100RT410. The output de-emphasis level as
set is the typical value to which the output signal will settle following the de-emphasis pulse interval in dB relative
to the output VOD.
7.3.9 Driver Output Rise and Fall Time
In some applications, a longer rise and fall time for the output signal is desired. This can reduce electromagnetic
interference (EMI) generated by fast switching waveforms. This is necessary in some applications for regulatory
compliance. In others, it can reduce the crosstalk in the system.
The DS100RT410 can be configured to operate with a nominal rise/fall time corresponding to the maximum slew
rate of the output drivers into the load capacitance. Alternatively, the DS100RT410 can be configured to operate
with a slightly greater rise and fall time if desired. For the typical specifications on rise and fall time, see Electrical
Characteristics.
7.3.10 Ref_mode 0 Mode (Reference Clock Not Required)
The DS100RT410 can be used without using a reference clock and the input REFCLK_IN pin can be open.
When register 0x36, bits [5:4] are set to 2’b00, the device operates without using a reference clock at
10.3125-Gbps mode.
For 1-GbE applications, it is required to bypass the CDR by setting the override bit 5 of register 0x09 to 1, and
set the data mux bits [7:5] to 3'b000 of register 0x1E.
7.3.11 Ref_mode 3 Mode (Reference Clock Required)
When using ref_mode 3, the device uses an external 25-MHz clock. This mode of operation is set in register
0x36 bits [5:4] = 2'b11 and is the default setting. In ref_mode 3, the external reference clock is used to aid initial
phase lock, and to determine when its VCO is properly phase-locked. An external oscillator should be used to
generate a 2.5-V, 25-MHz reference signal which is connected to the DS100RT410 on the reference clock input
pin (pin 19). The DS100RT410 does not include a crystal oscillator circuit, so a stand-alone external oscillator is
required.
The reference clock speeds up the initial phase lock acquisition. The DS100RT410 is set to phase lock to a
known data rate, or a constrained set of known data rates, and the digital circuitry in the DS100RT410 preconfigures the VCO frequency. This enables the DS100RT410 phase-lock to the incoming signal very quickly.
The reference clock is used to calibrate the VCO coarse tuning. However, the reference clock is not synchronous
to the data stream, and the quality of the reference clock does not affect the jitter on the output retimed data. The
retimed data clock for each channel is synchronous to the VCO internal to that channel of the DS100RT410.
The phase noise of the reference clock is not critical. Any commercially-available 25-MHz oscillator can provide
an acceptable reference clock. The reference clock can be daisy-chained from one retimer to another so that
only one reference oscillator is required in a system.
7.3.12 False Lock Detector Setting
The register 0x2F, bit 1 is set to 1 by default, which disables the false lock detector. This bit must be set to 0 to
enable the false lock detector function.
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Feature Description (continued)
7.3.13 Reference Clock In
REFCLK_IN pin 19 is for reference clock input. A 25-MHz oscillator should be connected to pin 19. See Electrical
Characteristics for the requirements on the 25-MHz clock. The frequency of the reference clock should always be
25 MHz no matter what data rate or mode of operation is used.
7.3.14 Reference Clock Out
REFCLK_OUT pin 42 is the reference clock output pin. The DS100RT410 drives a buffered replica of the
25-MHz reference clock input on this output pin. If there are multiple DS100RT410 in the system, the
REFCLK_OUT pin can be directly connected to the REFCLK_IN pin of another DS100RT410 in a daisy chain
connection. The other option is to connect the external 25-MHz oscillator to a clock fanout buffer to distribute the
25-MHz clock to each DS100RT410, which ensures there is a reference clock for the DS100RT410.
7.3.15 Daisy Chain of REFCLK_OUT to REFCLK_IN
When daisy chaining the device REFCLK_OUT to the REFCLK_IN of another device, the trace connection
should be less than 1.5 inches (about 5-pF trace capacitance) and it is possible to cascade up to 9 devices.
While in other systems with longer interconnecting trace or more capacitive loading, the daisy chain of multiple
devices should be reduced. In a system which requires longer daisy chain, it is recommended to place an
inverted gate after the sixth device. The pre-distorted duty cycle from the inverter allows longer daisy chain. A
better approach is to break the long daisy chain into shorter chains, each driven by a buffer version of the clock
distribution and with each chain kept to a maximum of 6 cascade devices. As an example, if there are 12 devices
in the system, the daisy chain connections can be divided into two groups of 6 devices and PCB trace length for
the reference clock output to input connection; each should be 1.5 inch or less.
7.3.16 INT
The INT line is an open-drain, 3.3-V tolerant, LVCMOS active-low output. The INT lines from multiple
DS100RT410 devices can be wired together and connected to an external controller.
The DS100RT410 generates an interrupt when it detects a loss of signal after previously detecting the presence
of a signal, or when it detects loss of lock after previously detecting phase lock. These interrupts are always
enabled. In addition, the horizontal eye opening/vertical eye opening (HEO/VEO) interrupt can be enabled using
SMBus control for each channel independently. This interrupt is disabled by default. The thresholds for horizontal
and vertical eye opening that will trigger the interrupt can be set using the SMBus control for each channel.
If any interrupt occurs, registers in the DS100RT410 latch in information about the event that caused the
interrupt. This can then be read out by the controller over the SMBus.
7.3.17 LOCK_3, LOCK_2, LOCK_1, and LOCK_0
Each channel of the DS100RT410 has an independent lock indication pin. These lock indication pins, LOCK_3,
LOCK_2, LOCK_1, and LOCK_0, are pin 16, pin 21, pin 40, and pin 45 respectively. These pins are shared with
the SMBus address strap lines. After the address values have been latched in on power-up, these lines revert to
their lock indication function.
When the corresponding channel of the DS100RT410 is locked to the incoming data stream, the lock indication
pin goes high. This pin can be used to drive an LED on the board, giving a visual indication of the lock status, or
it can be connected to other circuitry which can interpret the lock status of the channel.
7.4 Device Functional Modes
The DS100RT410 can be configured using two different methods.
• SMBus Master Configuration Mode
• SMBus Slave Configuration Mode
The configuration mode is selected by the state of the EN_SMB pin (pin 20) when the DS100RT410 is poweredup. This pin should be either left floating or tied to the device VDD through an optional 1-kΩ resistor. The effect of
each of these settings is listed in Table 1.
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Device Functional Modes (continued)
Table 1. SMBus Enable Settings
EN_SMB PIN
SETTING
CONFIGURATION
MODE
DESCRIPTION
READ_EN PIN
Float
SMBus Master
Mode
Device reads its configuration from an external
EEPROM on power-up
Pull low to initiate reading configuration data
from external EEPROM
High (1)
SMBus Slave Mode
Device is configured over the SMBus by an
external controller
Tie low to enable proper address strapping
on power-up
7.4.1 SMBus Master Mode and SMBus Slave Mode
In SMBus master mode the DS100RT410 reads its initial configuration from an external EEPROM upon powerup. A description of the operation of this mode appears in the DS100DF410EVK, DS110DF410EVK,
DS125DF410EVM User's Guide (SNLU126).
Some of the pins of the DS100RT410 perform the same functions in SMBus master and SMBus slave mode.
Once the DS100RT410 has finished reading its initial configuration from the external EEPROM in SMBus master
mode it reverts to SMBus slave mode and can be further configured by an external controller over the SMBus.
Two device pins initiate reading the configuration from the external EEPROM and indicate when the configuration
read is complete.
• ALL_DONE
• READ_EN
These pins are meant to work together. When the DS100RT410 is powered up in SMBus master mode, it reads
its configuration from the external EEPROM. This is triggered when the READ_EN pin goes low. When the
DS100RT410 is finished reading its configuration from the external EEPROM, it drives its ALL_DONE pin low. In
this mode, as the name suggests, the DS100RT410 acts as an SMBus master during the time it is reading its
configuration from the external EEPROM. After the DS100RT410 has finished reading its configuration from the
EEPROM, it releases control of the SMBus and becomes a SMBus slave. In applications where there is more
than one DS100RT410 on the same SMBus, bus contention can result if more than one DS100RT410 tries to
take command of the SMBus as the SMBus master at the same time. The READ_EN and ALL_DONE pins
prevent this bus contention.
In a system where the DS100RT410 devices are meant to operate in SMBus master mode, the READ_EN pin of
one retimer should be wired to the ALL_DONE pin of the next. The system should be designed so that the
READ_EN pin of one (and only one) of the DS100RT410 devices in the system is driven low on power-up. This
DS100RT410 will take command of the SMBus on power-up and will read its initial configuration from the
external EEPROM. When it is finished reading its configuration, it will set its ALL_DONE pin low. This pin should
be connected to the READ_EN pin of another DS100RT410. When this DS100RT410 senses its READ_EN pin
driven low, it will take command of the SMBus and read its initial configuration from the external EEPROM, after
which it will set its ALL_DONE pin low. By connecting the ALL_DONE pin of each DS100RT410 to the
READ_EN pin of the next DS100RT410, each DS100RT410 can read its initial configuration from the EEPROM
without causing bus contention.
For SMBus slave mode, the READ_EN pin must be tied low. Do not leave the READ_EN pin floating or tie it
high.
A connection diagram with several DS100RT410 devices along with an external EEPROM and an external
SMBus master is listed in Figure 5. The SMBus master must be prevented from trying to take control of the
SMBus until the DS100RT410 devices have finished reading their initial configurations from the EEPROM.
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SDA
From External
SMBus Master
SDC
ALL_DONE_N
ADDR3
READ_EN_N
ADDR2
ADDR1
Set to unique
SMBus
address
Set to unique
SMBus
address
ALL_DONE_N
SDC
SDA
ALL_DONE_N
SDC
SDA
ALL_DONE_N
SDC
SDA
DS100RT410
SDC
ADDR0
ADDR3
ADDR2
ADDR1
ADDR0
READ_EN_N
ADDR1
ADDR2
ADDR0
DS100RT410
DS100RT410
One or both of these lines should
float for an EEPROM larger than
256 bytes
DS100RT410
DS100RT410
ADDR3
READ_EN_N
ADDR2
ADDR1
Set to unique
SMBus
address
ADDR0
ADDR3
READ_EN_N
ADDR2
ADDR1
ADDR0
ADDR3
READ_EN_N
ADDR2
ADDR1
ADDR0
Set to unique
SMBus
address
SDA
ALL_DONE_N
SDC
SDA
SDA
SDC
EEPROM
Set to unique
SMBus
address
Figure 5. Connection Diagram for Multiple DS100RT410 devices in SMBus Master Mode
In SMBus master mode after the DS100RT410 has finished reading its initial configuration from the external
EEPROM it reverts to SMBus slave mode. In either mode the SMBus data and clock lines, SDA and SDC, are
used. Also, in either mode, the SMBus address is latched in on the address strap lines on power-up. In SMBus
slave mode, if the READ_EN pin is not tied low, the DS100RT410 will not latch in the address on its address
strap lines. It will instead latch in an SMBus write address of 0x30 regardless of the state of the address strap
lines. This is a test feature. Obviously a system with multiple retimers cannot operate properly if all the retimers
are responding to the same SMBus address. Tie the READ_EN pin low when operating in SMBus slave mode to
avoid this condition.
The DS100RT410 reads its SMBus address upon power-up from the SMBus address lines.
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7.4.2 Address Lines <ADDR_[3:0]>
In either SMBus master or SMBus slave mode the DS100RT410 must be assigned an SMBus address. A unique
address must be assigned to each device on the SMBus.
The SMBus address is latched into the DS100RT410 on power-up. The address is read in from the state of the
<ADDR_[3:0]> lines (pins 16, 21, 40, and 45 respectively) upon power-up. In either SMBus mode these address
lines are input pins on power-up.
The DS100RT410 can be configured with any of 16 SMBus addresses. The SMBus addressing scheme uses the
least-significant bit of the SMBus address as the Read/Write_N address bit. When an SMBus device is
addressed for writing, this bit is set to 0; for reading, to 1. Table 2 lists the write address setting for the
DS100RT410 versus the values latched in on the address lines at power-up.
The address byte sent by the SMBus master over the SMBus is always 8 bits long. The least-significant bit
indicates whether the address is for a write operation, in which the master will output data to the SMBus to be
read by the slave, or a read operation, in which the slave will output data to the SMBus to be read by the master.
if the least-significant bit is a 0, the address is for a write operation. If it is a 1, the address is for a read
operation. Accordingly, SMBus addresses are sometimes referred to as seven-bit addresses. To produce the
write address for the SMBus, the seven-bit address is left-shifted by one bit. To produce the read address, it is
left shifted by one bit and the least-significant bit is set to 1. Table 2 lists the seven-bit addresses corresponding
to each set of address line values.
When the DS100RT410 is used in SMBus slave mode, the READ_EN pin must be tied low. If it is tied high or
floating, the DS100RT410 will not latch in its address from the address lines on power-up. When the READ_EN
pin is tied high in SMBus slave mode (that is, when the EN_SMB pin (pin 20) is tied high), the DS100RT410 will
revert to an SMBus write address of 0x30. This is a test feature. If there are multiple DS100RT410 devices on
the same SMBus, they will all revert to an SMBus write address of 0x30, which can cause SMBus collisions and
failure to access the DS100RT410 devices over the SMBus.
Table 2. DS100RT410 SMBus Write Address Assignment
ADDR_3
ADDR_2
ADDR_1
ADDR_0
SMBus WRITE
ADDRESS
SEVEN-BIT SMBus
ADDRESS
0
0
0
0
0x30
0x18
0
0
0
1
0x32
0x19
0
0
1
0
0x34
0x1a
0
0
1
1
0x36
0x1b
0
1
0
0
0x38
0x1c
0
1
0
1
0x3a
0x1d
0
1
1
0
0x3c
0x1e
0
1
1
1
0x3e
0x1f
1
0
0
0
0x40
0x20
1
0
0
1
0x42
0x21
1
0
1
0
0x44
0x22
1
0
1
1
0x46
0x23
1
1
0
0
0x48
0x24
1
1
0
1
0x4a
0x25
1
1
1
0
0x4c
0x26
1
1
1
1
0x4e
0x27
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Once the DS100RT410 has latched in its SMBus address, its registers can be read and written using the two
pins of the SMBus interface, serial data (SDA) and serial data clock (SDC).
7.4.3 SDA and SDC
In both SMBus master and SMBus slave mode, the DS100RT410 is configured using the SMBus. The SMBus
consists of two lines, the SDA or Serial Data line (pin 18) and the SDC or Serial Data Clock line (pin 17). In the
DS100RT410 these pins are 3.3-V tolerant. The SDA and SDC lines are both open-drain. They require a pullup
resistor to a supply voltage, which may be either 2.5 V or 3.3 V. A pullup resistor in the 2-kΩ to 5-kΩ range will
provide reliable SMBus operation.
The SMBus is a standard communications bus for configuring simple systems. For a specification of the SMBus
an description of its operation, see http://smbus.org/specs/.
7.5 Programming
7.5.1 SMBus Strap Observation
Register 0x00, bits 7:4 and register 0x06, bits 3:0
In order to communicate with the DS100RT410 over the SMBus, it is necessary for the SMBus controller to know
the address of the DS100RT410. The address strap observation bits in control/shared register 0x00 are primarily
useful as a test of SMBus operation. There is no way to get the DS100RT410 to indicate what its SMBus
address is unless it is already known.
In order to use the address strap observation bits of control/shared register 0x00, it is necessary first to set the
diagnostic test control bits of control/shared register 0x06. This four-bit field should be written with a value of 0xa.
When this value is written to bits 3:0 of control/shared register 0x06, then the value of the SMBus address straps
can be read in register 0x00, bits 7:4. The value read will be the same as the value present on the
ADDR3:ADDR0 lines when the DS100RT410 was powered up. For example, if a value of 0x1 is read from
control/shared register 0x00, bits 7:4, then at power-up the ADDR0 line was set to 1 and the other address lines,
ADDR3:ADDR1, were all set to 0. The DS100RT410 is set to an SMBus Write address of 0x32.
7.5.2 Device Revision and Device ID
Register 0x01
Control/shared register 0x01 contains the device revision and device ID. The device revision listed in Table 11 is
the current revision for the DS100RT410. The device ID will be different for the different devices in the retimer
family. The value listed in "For the DS100RT410, Register 0x01, bits 4:0 = 0x10" is the correct value for the
DS100RT410. This register is useful because it can be interrogated by software to determine the device variant
and revision installed in a particular system. The software might then configure the device with appropriate
settings depending upon the device variant and revision.
7.5.3 Control/Shared Register Reset
Register 0x04, bit 6
Register 0x04, bit 6, clears all the control/shared registers back to their factory defaults. This bit is self-clearing,
so it is cleared after it is written and the control/shared registers are reset to their factory default values.
7.5.4 Interrupt Channel Flag Bits
Register 0x05, bits 3:0
The operation of these bits is described in Interrupt Status.
7.5.5 SMBus Master Mode Control Bits
Register 0x04, bits 5 and 4 and register 0x05, bits 7 and 4
Register 0x04, bit 5, can be used to reset the SMBus master mode. This bit should not be set if the
DS100RT410 is in SMBus slave mode. This is an undefined condition.
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Programming (continued)
When this bit is set, if the EN_SMB pin is floating (meaning that the DS100RT410 is in SMBus master mode),
then the DS100RT410 will read the contents of the external EEPROM when the READ_EN pin is pulled low. This
bit is not self-clearing, so it should be cleared after it is set.
When the DS100RT410 EN_SMB pin is floating (meaning that the DS100RT410 is in SMBus master mode), it
will read from its external EEPROM when its READ_EN pin goes low. After the EEPROM read operation is
complete, register 0x05, bit 4 will be set. Alternatively, the DS100RT410 will read from its external EEPROM
when triggered by register 0x04, bit 4, as described below.
When register 0x04, bit 4, is set, the DS100RT410 reads its configuration from an external EEPROM over the
SMBus immediately. When this bit is set, the DS100RT410 does not wait until the READ_EN pin is pulled low to
read from the EEPROM. This EEPROM read occurs whether the DS100RT410 is in SMBus master mode or not.
If the read from the EEPROM is not successful, for example because there is no EEPROM present, then the
DS100RT410 may hang up and a power-up reset may be necessary to return it to proper operation. You should
only set this bit if you know that the EEPROM is present and properly configured.
If the EEPROM read has already completed, then setting register 0x04, bit 4, will not have any effect. To cause
the DS100RT410 to read from the EEPROM again it is necessary to set bit 5 of register 0x04, resetting the
SMBus master mode. If the DS100RT410 is not in SMBus master mode, do not set this bit. After setting this bit,
it should be cleared before further SMBus operations.
After SMBus master mode has been reset, the EEPROM read may be initiated either by pulling the READ_EN
pin low or by then setting register 0x04, bit 4.
Register 0x05, bit 7, disables SMBus master mode. This prevents the DS100RT410 from trying to take command
of the SMBus to read from the external EEPROM. Obviously this bit will have no effect if the EEPROM read has
already taken place. It also has no effect if an EEPROM read is currently in progress. The only situations in
which disabling EEPROM master mode read is valid are (1) when the DS100RT410 is in SMBus master mode,
but the READ_EN pin has not yet gone low, and (2) when register 0x04, bit 5, has been used to reset SMBus
master mode but the EEPROM read operation has not yet occurred.
Do not set this bit and bit 4 of register 0x04 simultaneously. This is an undefined condition and can cause the
DS100RT410 to hang up.
7.5.6 Resetting Individual Channels of the Retimer
Register 0x00, bit 2, and register 0x0a, bits 3:2
Bit 2 of channel register 0x00 are used to reset all the registers for the corresponding channel to their factory
default settings. This bit is self-clearing. Writing this bit will clear any register changes you have made in the
DS100RT410 since it was powered-up.
To reset just the CDR state machine without resetting the register values, which will re-initiate the lock and
adaptation sequence for a particular channel, use channel register 0x0a. Set bit 3 of this register to enable the
reset override, then set bit 2 to force the CDR state machine into reset. These bits can be set in the same
operation. When bit 2 is subsequently cleared, the CDR state machine will resume normal operation. If a signal
is present at the input to the selected channel, the DS100RT410 will attempt to lock to it and will adapt its CTLE
according to the currently configured adapt mode for the selected channel. The adapt mode is configured by
channel register 0x31, bits 6:5.
7.5.7 Interrupt Status
Control/Shared Register 0x05, bits 3:0, Register 0x01, bits 4 and 0, Register 0x30, bit 4, Register 0x32, and
Register 0x36, bit 6
Each channel of the DS100RT410 will generate an interrupt under several different conditions. The DS100RT410
will always generate an interrupt when it loses CDR lock or when a signal is no longer detected at its input. If the
HEO/VEO interrupt is enabled by setting bit 6 of register 0x36, then the retimer will generate an interrupt when
the horizontal or vertical eye opening falls below the preset values even if the retimer remains locked. When one
of these interrupt conditions occurs, the retimer alerts the system controller via hardware and provides additional
details via register reads over the SMBus.
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Programming (continued)
First, the open-drain interrupt line INT is pulled low. This indicates that one or more of the channels of the retimer
has generated an interrupt. The interrupt lines from multiple retimers can be wire-ANDed together so that if any
retimer generates an interrupt the system controller can be notified using a single interrupt input.
if the interrupt has occurred because the horizontal or vertical eye opening has dropped below the pre-set
threshold, which is set in channel register 0x32, then bit 4 of register 0x30 will go high. This indicates that the
source of the interrupt was the HEO or VEO.
If the interrupt has occurred because the CDR has fallen out of lock, or because the signal is no longer detected
at the input, then bit 4 and/or bit 0 of register 0x01 will go high, indicating the cause of the interrupt.
In either case, the control/shared register set will indicate which channel caused the interrupt. This is read from
bits 3:0 of control/shared register 0x05.
When an interrupt is detected by the controller on the interrupt input, the controller should take the following
steps to determine the cause of the interrupt and clear it.
1. The controller detects the interrupt by detecting that the INT line has been pulled low by one of the retimers
to which it is connected.
2. The controller reads control/shared register 0x05 from all the DS100RT410 devices connected to the INT
line. For at least one of these devices, at least one of the bits 3:0 will be set in this register.
3. For each device with a bit set in bits 3:0 of control/shared register 0x05, the controller determines which
channel or channels produced an interrupt. Refer to Table 11 for a mapping of the bits in this bit field to the
channel producing the interrupt.
4. When the controller detects that one of the retimers has a 1 in one of the four LSBs of this register, the
controller selects the channel register set for that channel of that retimer by writing to the channel select
register, 0xff, as previously described.
5. For each channel that generated an interrupt, the controller reads channel register 0x01. If bit 4 of this
register is set, then the interrupt was caused by a loss of CDR lock. If bit 0 is set, then the interrupt was
caused by a loss of signal. it is possible that both bits 0 and 4 could be set. Reading this register will clear
these bits.
6. Optionally, for each channel that generated an interrupt, the controller reads channel register 0x30. If bit 4 of
this register is set, then the interrupt was caused by HEO and/or VEO falling out of the configured range.
This interrupt will only occur if bit 6 of channel register 0x36 is set, enabling the HEO/VEO interrupt. Reading
register 0x30 will clear this interrupt bit.
7. Once the controller has determined what condition caused the interrupt, the controller can then take the
appropriate action. For example, the controller might reset the CDR to cause the retimer to re-adapt to the
incoming signal. If there is no longer an incoming signal (indicated by a loss of signal interrupt, bit 0 of
channel register 0x01), then the controller might alert an operator or change the channel configuration. This
is system dependent.
8. Reading the interrupt status registers will clear the interrupt. if this does not cause the interrupt input to go
high, then another device on the same input has generated an interrupt. The controller can address the next
device using the procedure above.
9. Once all the interrupt registers for all channels for all DS100RT410 devices that generated interrupts have
been read, clearing all the interrupt indications, the INT line should go high again. This indicates that all the
existing interrupt conditions have been serviced.
The channel registers referred to above, registers 0x01, 0x30, 0x32, and 0x36, are described in the channel
registers table, Table 13.
7.5.8 Overriding the CTLE Boost Setting
Register 0x03, Register 0x13, bit 2, and Register 0x3a
To override the CTLE boost settings, register 0x03 is used. This register contains the currently-applied CTLE
boost settings. The boost values can be overridden by using the two-bit fields in this register as listed in the
table.
The final stage of the CTLE has an additional control bit which sets it to a limiting mode. For some channels, this
additional setting improves the bit error rate performance. This bit is bit 2 of register 0x13.
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Programming (continued)
If the DS100RT410 loses lock because of a change in the CTLE settings, the DS100RT410 will initiate its lock
and adaptation sequence again. Thus, if you write new CTLE boost values to register 0x03 and 0x13 which
cause the DS100RT410 to drop out of lock, the DS100RT410 may, in the process of reacquiring the CDR lock,
reset the CTLE settings to different values than those you set in register 0x03 and 0x13. If this behavior is not
understood, it can appear that the DS100RT410 did not accept the values you wrote to the CTLE boost registers.
What's really happening, however, is that the lock and adaptation sequence is overriding the CTLE values you
wrote to the CTLE boost registers. This will not happen unless the DS100RT410 drops out of lock.
If the adapt mode is set to 0 (bits 6:5 of channel register 0x31), then the CTLE boost values will not be
overridden, but the DS100RT410 may still lose lock. If this happens, the DS100RT410 will attempt to reacquire
lock. if the reference mode is set correctly, and if the rate/subrate code is set to permit it, the DS100RT410 will
begin searching for CDR lock at the highest allowable VCO divider ratio – that is, at the lowest configured bit
rate. At this lowest bit rate, the CTLE boost settings used will come not from the values in register 0x03, and
0x13, but rather from register 0x3a, the fixed CTLE boost setting for lower data rates. This setting will be written
into boost setting register 0x03 during the lock search process. This value may be different from the value you
set in register 0x03, so, again, it may appear that the DS100RT410 has not accepted the CTLE boost settings
you set in registers 0x03 and 0x13. The interactions of the lock and adaptation sequences with the manually-set
CTLE boost settings can be difficult to understand.
To manually override the CTLE boost under all conditions, perform the following steps.
1. Set the DS100RT410 channel adapt mode to 0 by writing 0x0 to bits 6:5 of channel register 0x31.
2. Set the desired CTLE boost setting in register 0x3a. If the DS100RT410 loses lock and attempts to lock to a
lower data rate, it will use this CTLE boost setting.
3. Set the desired CTLE boost setting in register 0x03. This may cause the DS100RT410 to lose lock.
4. If desired, set the CTLE stage 3 limiting bit, bit 2 of register 0x13.
If the DS100RT410 loses lock when the CTLE boost settings are set according to the sequence above, the
DS100RT410 will try to reacquire lock, but it will not change the CTLE boost settings in order to do so.
7.5.9 Overriding the VCO CAP DAC Values
Register 0x08, bits 4:0, Register 0x09, bit 7, Register 0x0b, bits 4:0, Register 0x36, bits 5:4, and Register 0x2f,
bits 7:6 and 5:4
Registers 0x08 and 0x0b contain CAP DAC override values. Normally, when bits 5:4 of register 0x36 are set to
2'b11, then the DS100RT410 performs an initial search to determine the correct CAP DAC setting (coarse VCO
tuning) for the selected rate and subrate. The rate and subrate settings (bits 7:6 and 5:4 of register 0x2f)
determine the frequency range to be searched, with the 25 MHz reference clock used as the frequency reference
for the frequency search.
The CAP DAC value can be overridden by writing new values to bits 4:0 of register 0x08 (for CAP DAC setting 1)
and bits 4:0 of 0x0b (for CAP DAC setting 2). The override bit, bit 7 of register 0x09 must be set for the override
CAP DAC values to take effect. Since the valid rate and subrate setting for 10 GbE and 1 GbE applies to multiple
data rates, there are two CAP DAC values for this rate. The first is in register 0x08, bits 4:0, and the second is in
register 0x0b, bits 4:0. The DS100RT410 will use the CAP DAC value in register 0x08 for the larger divide ratio
(8) associated with the selected rate and subrate to try and acquire lock. If it fails to acquire lock, it will use the
CAP DAC value in register 0x0b with the smaller divide ratio (higher VCO frequency) associated with the
selected rate and subrate (1). It will continue to try to acquire lock in this way until it either succeeds or the
override bit (bit 7 of register 0x09) is cleared.
7.5.10 Overriding the Output Multiplexer
Register 0x09, bit 5, Register 0x14, bits 7:6, and Register 0x1e, bits 7:5
By default, the DS100RT410 output for each channel will be as listed in Table 3.
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Programming (continued)
Table 3. Default Output Status Description
INPUT SIGNAL STATUS
CHANNEL STATUS
OUTPUT STATUS
Not Present
No Signal Detected
Muted
Present
Not Locked
Muted
Present
Locked
Retimed Data
This default behavior can be modified by register writes.
Register 0x1e, bits 7:5, contain the output multiplexer override value. The values of this three-bit field and the
corresponding meanings of each are listed in Table 4.
Table 4. Output Multiplexer Override Settings
BIT FIELD VALUE
OUTPUT MULTIPLEXER SETTING
0x7
Mute
Default when no signal is present or when the retimer is unlocked
COMMENTS
0x6
N/A
Invalid Setting
0x5
10 MHz Clock
0x4
PRBS Generator
0x3
VCO Q-Clock
0x2
VCO I-Clock
0x1
Retimed Data
0x0
Raw Data
Internal 10 MHz clock
Clock frequency may not be precise
PRBS Generator must be enabled to output PRBS sequence
Register 0x09, bit 4, and register 0x1e, bit 0, must be set to enable the
VCO Q-Clock
Default when the retimer is locked
If the output multiplexer is not overridden, that is, if bit 5 of register 0x09 is not set, then the value in register
0x1e, bits 7:5, controls the output produced when the retimer has a signal at its input, but is not locked to it. The
default value for this bit field, 0x7, causes the retimer output to mute when the retimer is not locked to an input
signal. Writing a value of 0x0 to this bit field, for example, will cause the retimer to output raw data when it is not
locked to its input signal.
Setting the override bit, bit 5 of register 0x09, will cause the retimer to output the value selected by the bit field in
register 0x1e, bits 7:5, even when the retimer is locked.
When no signal is present at the input to the selected channel of the DS100RT410 the signal detect circuitry will
power down the channel. This includes the output driver which is therefore muted when no signal is present at
the input. If you want to get an output when no signal is present at the input, for example to enable a freerunning PRBS sequence, the first step is to override the signal detect. In order to force the signal detect on, set
bit 7 and clear bit 6 of channel register 0x14. Even if there is no signal at the input to the channel, the channel
will be enabled. If the channel was disabled before, the current drain from the supply will increase by
100–150 mA depending upon the other channel settings in the device. This increased current drain indicates that
the channel is now enabled.
The second step is to override the output multiplexer setting. This is accomplished by setting bit 5 of register
0x09, the output multiplexer override. Once this bit is set, the value of register 0x1e, bits 7:5 will control the
output of the channel. Note that if either retimed or raw data is selected, the output will just be noise. The device
output may saturate to a static 1 or 0.
If there is no signal, the VCO clock will be free-running. Its frequency will depend upon the divider and CAP DAC
settings and it will vary from part to part and over temperature.
If the PRBS generator is enabled, the PRBS generator output can be selected. This can either be at a data rate
determined by the free-running VCO or at a data rate determined by the input signal, if one is present. If a signal
is present at the input and the DS100RT410 can lock to it, the output of the PRBS generator will be synchronous
with the input signal, but the bit stream output will be determined by the PRBS generator selection.
The 10-MHz clock is always available at the output when the output multiplexer is overridden. The 10-MHz clock
is a free-running oscillator in the DS100RT410 and is not synchronous to the input or to anything else in the
system. The clock frequency will be approximately 10 MHz, but this will vary from part to part.
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If there is a signal present at the input, it is not necessary to override the signal detect. Clearing bits 7 and 6 of
register 0x14 will return control of the signal detect to the DS100RT410. Normally, when the retimer is locked to
a signal at its input, it will output retimed data. However, if desired, the output multiplexer can be overridden in
this condition to output raw data. It can also be set to output any of the other signals listed in Table 4. If there is
an input signal, and if the DS100RT410 is locked to it, the VCO I-Clock, the VCO Q-Clock, and the output of the
PRBS generator, if it is enabled, will be synchronous to the input signal.
When a signal is present at the input, it might be desired to output the raw data in order to see the effects of the
CTLE without the CDR. It might also be desired to enable the PRBS generator and output this signal, replacing
the data content of the input signal with the internally-generated PRBS sequence.
7.5.11 Overriding the VCO Divider Selection
Register 0x09, bit 2, and Register 0x18, bits 6:4
In normal operation, the DS100RT410 sets its VCO divider to the correct divide ratio, either 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16,
depending upon the bit rate of the signal at the channel input. It is possible to override the divider selection. This
might be desired if the VCO is set to free-run, for example, to output a signal at a sub-harmonic of the actual
VCO frequency.
In order to override the VCO divider settings, first set bit 2 of register 0x09. This is the VCO divider override
enable. Once this bit is set, the VCO divider setting is controlled by the value in register 0x18, bits 6:4. The valid
values for this three-bit field are 0x0 to 0x4. The mapping of the bit field values to the divider ratio is listed in
Table 5.
Table 5. Divider Ratio Mapping to Register 0x18, Bits 6:4
BIT FIELD VALUE
DIVIDER RATIO
0
1
1
2
2
4
3
8
4
16
In normal operation, the DS100RT410 will determine the required VCO divider ratio automatically. The most
common application for overriding the divider ratio is when the VCO is set to free-run. Normally the divider ratio
should not be overridden except in this case.
7.5.12 Using the PRBS Generator
Register 0x0d, bit 5, Register 0x1e, bit 4, and Register 0x30, bit 3 and bits 1:0
The DS100RT410 includes an internal PRBS generator which can generate standard PRBS-9 and PRBS-31 bit
sequences. The PRBS generator can produce a PRBS sequence that is synchronous to the incoming data
signal, or it can generate a PRBS sequence using the internal free-running VCO as a clock. Both modes of
operation are described in the paragraphs that follow.
To produce a PRBS sequence that is synchronized to the incoming data signal, the DS100RT410 must be
locked to the incoming signal. When this is true, the signal detect is set and the channel is active. In addition, the
VCO is locked to the incoming signal The VCO will remain locked to the incoming signal regardless of the state
of the output multiplexer.
To activate the PRBS generator, first set bit 4 of register 0x1e. This bit enables the PRBS generator digital
circuitry. Then reset the PRBS clock by clearing bit 3 of register 0x30. Select either PRBS-9 or PRBS-31 by
setting bits 1:0 of register 0x30. Set this bit field to 0x0 for PRBS-9 and to 0x2 for PRBS-31. Then load the PRBS
clock by setting bit 3 of register 0x30. Finally, enable the PRBS clock by setting bit 5 of register 0x0d. This
sequence of register writes will enable the internal PRBS generator.
As described above, to select the PRBS generator as the output for the selected channel, set bit 5 of register
0x09, the output multiplexer override. Then write 0x4 to bits 7:5 of register 0x1e. This selects the PRBS
generator for output.
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For the case described above, the output PRBS sequence will be synchronous to the incoming data. There are
two other cases of interest. The first is when there is an input signal but the PRBS sequence should not be
synchronous to it. In other words, in this case it is desired that the VCO should free-run. The second case is
when there is no input signal, but the PRBS sequence should still be output. Again, in this case, the VCO is freerunning.
The register settings for these two cases are almost the same. The only difference is that, if there is no input
signal, then the channel will be disabled and powered-down by default. In order to force enable the channel,
write a 1 to bit 7 and a 0 to bit 6 of register 0x14. This forces the signal detect to be active and enables the
selected channel.
The remainder of the register write sequence is designed to disable the phase-locked loop so that the VCO can
free run.
First write a 1 to bit 3 of register 0x09, then 0x0 to bits 1:0 of register 0x1b. This disables the charge pump for
the phase-locked loop.
Next write a 1 to bit 2 of register 0x09. This enables the VCO divider override. Then set the VCO divider ratio by
writing to register 0x18 as listed in Table 5. For an output frequency of approximately 10.3125 GHz, set the
divider ratio to 1 by writing 0x0 to bits 6:4 of register 0x18. Do not clear bit 3 when you write a 1 to bit 2 of
register 0x09.
Now write a 1 to bit 7 of register 0x09. This enables the VCO CAP DAC override. Write the desired VCO cap
count to register 0x08, bits 4:0. The mapping of VCO frequencies to cap count will vary somewhat from part to
part. The VCO cap count should be set to 0x0c to yield an output VCO frequency of approximately 10.3125 GHz.
Do not clear bits 3 and 2 when you write a 1 to bit 7 of register 0x09.
Now write a 1 to bit 6 of register 0x09. This enables the VCO LPF DAC which can generate a VCO control
voltage internally to the DS100RT410. Once the LPF DAC is enabled, write the desired value of the LPF DAC
output in register 0x1f, bits 4:0. For an output VCO frequency of approximately 10.3125 GHz, set the LPF DAC
setting to 0x12. Do not clear the remaining bits of register 0x09 when you write a 1 to bit 6.
Now, as above, enable the PRBS generator and set it to the desired bit sequence, then select the output to be
the PRBS generator by setting the output multiplexer. Notice that when this entire sequence has been
completed, bits 7:2 of register 0x09 will all be set. The default value of register 0x09 is 0x00, so you can clear all
the overrides when you are ready to return to normal operation by writing 0x00 to register 0x09.
The VCO frequency in free-run will vary somewhat from part to part. In order to determine exact values of the
CAP DAC and LPF DAC settings, it will be necessary to directly measure the VCO frequency using some sort of
frequency-measurement device such as a frequency counter or a spectrum analyzer. When the VCO is set to
free-run mode as above, you can select the VCO I-clock (in-phase clock) to be the output as listed in Table 4.
You can measure the frequency of the VCO I-clock while adjusting the CAP DAC and LPF DAC values until the
VCO I-clock frequency is acceptable for your application. Then you can once again select the PRBS generator
as the output using the output multiplexer selection field.
7.5.13 Using the Internal Eye Opening Monitor
Register 0x11, bits 7:6 and bit 5, Register 0x22, bit 7, Register 0x24, bit 7 and bit 0, Register 0x25, Register
0x26, Register 0x27, Register 0x28, and Register 0x2a
The DS100RT410 includes an internal eye opening monitor. The eye opening monitor is used by the retimer to
compute a figure of merit for automatic adaptation of the CTLE. It can also be controlled and queried through the
SMBus by a system controller.
The eye opening monitor produces error hit counts for settable phase and voltage offsets of the comparator in
the retimer. This is similar to the way many Bit Error Rate Test Sets measure eye opening. At each phase and
amplitude offset setting, the eye opening monitor determines the nominal bit value (“0” or “1”) using its primary
comparator. This is the bit value that is resynchronized to the recovered clock and presented at the output of the
DS100RT410. The eye opening monitor also determines the bit value detected by the offset comparator. This
information yields an eye contour. Here's how this works.
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If the offset comparator is offset in voltage by an amount larger than the vertical eye opening, for example, then
the offset comparator will always decide that the current bit has a bit value of “0”. When the bit is really a “1”, as
determined by the primary comparator, this is considered a bit error. The number of bit errors is counted for a
settable interval at each setting of the offset phase and voltage of the offset comparator. These error counts can
be read from registers 0x25 and 0x26 for sequential phase and voltage offsets. These error counts for each
phase and voltage offsets form a 64 X 64 point array. A surface or contour plot of the error hit count versus
phase and voltage offset produces an eye diagram, which can be plotted by external software.
The eye opening monitor works in two modes. In the first, only the horizontal and vertical eye openings are
measured. The eye opening monitor first sweeps its variable-phase clock through one unit interval with the
comparison voltage set to the mid point of the signal. This determines the midpoint of the horizontal eye opening.
The eye opening monitor then sets its variable phase clock to the midpoint of the horizontal eye opening and
sweeps its comparison voltage. These two measurements determine the horizontal and vertical eye openings.
The horizontal eye opening value is read from register 0x27 and the vertical eye opening from register 0x28.
Both values are single byte values.
The measurement of horizontal and vertical eye opening is very fast. The speed of this measurement makes it
useful for determining the adaptation figure of merit. In normal operation, the HEO and VEO are automatically
measured periodically to determine whether the DS100RT410 is still in lock. Reading registers 0x27 and 0x28
will yield the most-recently measured HEO and VEO values.
In normal operation, the eye monitor circuitry is powered down most of the time to save power. When the eye is
to be measured under external control, it must first be enabled by writing a 0 to bit 5 of register 0x11. The default
value of this bit is 1, which powers down the eye monitor except when it is powered-up periodically by the CDR
state machine and used to test CDR lock. The eye monitor must be powered up to measure the eye under
external SMBus control.
Bits 7:6 of register 0x11 are also used during eye monitor operation to set the EOM voltage range. This is
described below. A single write to register 0x11 can set both bit 5 and bits 7:6 in one operation.
Register 0x3e, bit 7, enables horizontal and vertical eye opening measurements as part of the lock validation
sequence. When this bit is set, the CDR state machine periodically uses the eye monitor circuitry to measure the
horizontal and vertical eye opening. If the eye openings are too small, according to the pre-determined
thresholds in register 0x6a, then the CDR state machine declares lock loss and begins the lock acquisition
process again. For SMBus acquisition of the internal eye, this lock monitoring function must be disabled. Prior to
overriding the EOM by writing a 1 to bit 0 of register 0x24, disable the lock monitoring function by writing a 0 to
bit 7 of register 0x3e. Once the eye has been acquired, you can reinstate HEO and VEO lock monitoring by once
again writing a 1 to bit 7 of register 0x3e.
Under external SMBus control, the eye opening monitor can be programmed to sweep through all its 64 states of
phase and voltage offset autonomously. This mode is initiated by setting register 0x24, bit 7, the fast_eom mode
bit. Register 0x22, bit 7, the eom_ov bit, should be cleared in this mode.
When the fast_eom bit is set, the eye opening monitor operation is initiated by setting bit 0 of register 0x24,
which is self-clearing. As soon as this bit is set, the eye opening monitor begins to acquire eye data. The results
of the eye opening monitor error counter are stored in register 0x25 and 0x26. In this mode the eye opening
monitor results can be obtained by repeated multi-byte reads from register 0x25. It is not necessary to read from
register 0x26 for a multi-byte read. As soon as the eight most significant bits are read from register 0x25, the
eight least significant bits for the current setting are loaded into register 0x25 and they can be read immediately.
As soon as the read of the eight most significant bits has been initiated, the DS100RT410 sets its phase and
voltage offsets to the next setting and starts its error counter again. The result of this is that the data from the eye
opening monitor is available as quickly as it can be read over the SMBus with no further register writes required.
The external controller just reads the data from the DS100RT410 over the SMBus as fast as it can. When all the
data has been read, the DS100RT410 clears the eom_start bit.
If multi-byte reads are not used, meaning that the device is addressed each time a byte is read from it, then it is
necessary to read register 0x25 to get the MSB (the eight most significant bits) and register 0x26 to get the LSB
(the eight least significant bits) of the current eye monitor measurement. Again, as soon as the read of the MSB
has been initiated, the DS100RT410 sets its phase and voltage offsets to the next setting and starts its error
counter again. In this mode both registers 0x25 and 0x26 must be read in order to get the eye monitor data. The
eye monitor data for the next set of phase and voltage offsets will not be loaded into registers 0x25 and 0x26
until both registers have been read for the current set of phase and voltage offsets.
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In all eye opening monitor modes, the amount of time during which the eye opening monitor accumulates eye
opening data can be set by the value of register 0x2a. In general, the greater this value the longer the
accumulation time. When this value is set to its maximum possible value of 0xff, the maximum number of
samples acquired at each phase and amplitude offset is approximately 218. Even with this setting, the eye
opening monitor values can be read from the SMBus with no delay. The eye opening monitor operation is
sufficiently fast that the SMBus read operation cannot outrun it.
The eye opening is measured at the input to the data comparator. At this point in the data path, a significant
amount of gain has been applied to the signal by the CTLE. In many cases, the vertical eye opening as
measured by the EOM will be on the order of 400 to 500 mV peak-to-peak. The secondary comparator, which is
used to measure the eye opening, has an adjustable voltage range from ±100 mV to ±400 mV. The EOM voltage
range is normally set by the CDR state machine during lock and adaptation, but the range can be overridden by
setting bit 6 to 0 of register 0x2C, so the voltage range can scale with the values in register 0x11, bits [7:6]. The
values of this code and the corresponding EOM voltage ranges are listed in Table 6.
Table 6. EOM Voltage Range vs. Bits 7:6 of Register 0x11
VALUE in Bits 7:6 of REGISTER 0x11
EOM VOLTAGE RANGE (± mV)
0x0
±100
0x1
±200
0x2
±300
0x3
±400
Note that the voltage ranges listed in Table 6 are the voltage ranges of the signal at the input to the data path
comparator. These values are not directly equivalent to any observable voltage measurements at the input to the
DS100RT410 . Note also that if the EOM voltage range is set too small the voltage sweep of the secondary
comparator may not be sufficient to capture the vertical eye opening. When this happens the eye boundaries will
be outside the vertical voltage range of the eye measurement.
7.5.14 Enabling Slow Rise and Fall Time on the Output Driver
Register 0x18, bit 2
Normally the rise and fall times of the output driver of the DS100RT410 are set by the slew rate of the output
transistors. By default, the output transistors are biased to provide the maximum possible slew rate, and hence
the minimum possible rise and fall times. In some applications, slower rise and fall times may be desired. For
example, slower rise and fall times may reduce the amplitude of electromagnetic interference (EMI) produced by
a system.
Setting bit 2 of register 0x18 will adjust the output driver circuitry to increase the rise and fall times of the signal.
Setting this bit will approximately double the nominal rise and fall times of the DS100RT410 output driver. This bit
is cleared by default.
7.5.15 Inverting the Output Polarity
Register 0x1f, bit 7
In some systems, the polarity of the data does not matter. In systems where it does matter, it is sometimes
necessary, for the purposes of trace routing, for example, to invert the normal polarities of the data signals.
The DS100RT410 can invert the polarity of the data signals by means of a register write. Writing a 1 to bit 7 of
register 0x1f inverts the polarity of the output signal for the selected channel. This can provide additional flexibility
in system design and board layout.
7.5.16 Overriding the Figure of Merit for Adaptation
Register 0x2c, bits 5:4, Register 0x31, bits 6:5, Register 0x6b, Register 0x6c, Register 0x6d, and Register 0x6e,
bits 7 and 6
The default figure of merit for the CTLE is simple. The horizontal and vertical eye openings are measured for
each CTLE boost setting. The vertical eye opening is scaled to a constant reference vertical eye opening and the
smaller of the horizontal or vertical eye opening is taken as the figure of merit for that set of equalizer settings.
The objective is to adapt the equalizer to a point where the horizontal and vertical eye openings are both as large
as possible. This usually provides optimum bit error rate performance for most transmission channels.
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In some systems the adaptation can reach a better setting if only the horizontal or vertical eye opening is used to
compute the figure of merit rather than using both. This will be system-dependent and the user must determine
through experiment whether this provides better adaptation in the user's system.
The CTLE figure of merit type is selected using the two-bit field in register 0x31, bits 6:5.
For some transmission media the adaptation can reach a better setting if a different figure of merit is used. The
DS100RT410 includes the capability of adapting based on a configurable figure of merit. The configurable figure
of merit is structured as listed in Equation 1.
FOM = (HEO – b) × a + (VEO – c) × (1 – a)
(1)
In this equation, HEO is horizontal eye opening, VEO is vertical eye opening, FOM is the figure of merit, and the
factors a, b, and c are set using registers 0x6b, 0x6c, and 0x6d respectively.
In order to use the configurable figure of merit, the enable bits must be set. To use the configurable figure of
merit for the CTLE adaptation, set bit 7 of register 0x6e, the en_new_fom_ctle bit.
7.5.17 Setting the Rate and Subrate for Lock Acquisition
Register 0x2f, bits 7:6 and 5:4
The rate and subrate settings, which configure the set of VCO frequencies to which the VCO coarse tuning is to
be calibrated are set using channel register 0x2f. Bits 7:6 are RATE<1:0>, and bits 5:4 are SUBRATE<1:0>.
7.5.18 Setting the Adaptation/Lock Mode
Register 0x31, bits 6:5, and Register 0x33, bits 7:4 and 3:0, Register 0x34, bits 3:0, Register 0x35, bits 4:0,
Register 0x3e, bit 7, and Register 0x6a
There are two adaptation modes available in the DS100RT410.
• Mode 0: The user is responsible for setting the CTLE values. this mode is used if the transmission channel
response is fixed.
• Mode 1: Only the CTLE is adapted to equalize the transmission channel. This mode is primarily used for
smoothly-varying high-loss transmission channels such as cables and simple PCB traces.
Bits 6:5 of register 0x31 determine the adaptation mode to be used. The mapping of these register bits to the
adaptation algorithm is listed in Table 13.
Table 7. DS100RT410 Adaptation Algorithm Settings
REGISTER 0X31, BIT 6
ADAPT_MODE[1]
REGISTER 0x31, BIT 5
ADAPT_MODE[0]
ADAPT MODE
SETTING <1:0>
ADAPTATION ALGORITHM
0
0
00
No Adaptation
0
1
01
Adapt CTLE Until Optimum (Default)
By default the DS100RT410 requires that the equalized internal eye exhibit horizontal and vertical eye openings
greater than a pre-set minimum in order to declare a successful lock. The minimum values are set in register
0x6a.
The DS100RT410 continuously monitors the horizontal and vertical eye openings while it is in lock. If the eye
opening falls below the threshold set in register 0x6a, the DS100RT410 will declare a loss of lock.
The continuous monitoring of the horizontal and vertical eye openings may be disabled by clearing bit 7 of
register 0x3e.
7.5.19 Initiating Adaptation
Register 0x24, bit 2, and Register 0x2f, bit 0
When the DS100RT410 becomes unlocked, it will automatically try to acquire lock. If an adaptation mode is
selected using bits 6:5 in register 0x31, the DS100RT410 will also try to adapt its CTLE.
Adaptation can also be initiated by the user. CTLE adaptation can be initiated by setting and then clearing
register 0x2f, bit 0.
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7.5.20 Setting the Reference Enable Mode
Register 0x36, bits 5:4
Register 0x36, bits 5:4, are the ref_mode<1:0> bits. These bits should be set to a value of 2'b11. Note that this is
not the default. The reference mode must be set prior to using the DS100RT410.
A 25 MHz reference clock signal must be provided on the reference in pin (pin 19). The use of the reference
clock in the DS100RT410 is explained below.
First, the reference clock allows the DS100RT410 to calibrate its VCO frequency at power-up and upon reset.
This enables the DS100RT410 to determine the optimum coarse VCO tuning setting a-priori, which makes phase
lock much faster. The DS100RT410 is not required to tune through the available coarse VCO tuning settings as it
tries to acquire lock to an input signal. It can select the correct setting immediately.
Second, if the DS100RT410 loses lock for some reason and the VCO drifts from its phase-locked frequency, the
DS1010DF410 can detect this very quickly using the reference clock. Detecting an out-of-lock condition quickly
allows the DS100RT410 to raise an interrupt indicating that it has lost lock quickly, which the system controller
can then service to correct the problem quickly.
Finally, some data signals with large jitter spurs in their frequency spectra can cause the DS1100DF410 to false
lock. This occurs when the data pattern exhibits strong discrete frequency components in its frequency spectrum,
or when the data pattern has a lot of periodic jitter imposed on it. If you look at such a signal in the frequency
domain using a spectrum analyzer, it will clearly show “spurs” close in to the fundamental data rate frequency.
These spurs can cause the DS100RT410 to false lock.
Using the 25 MHz reference clock, the DS100RT410 can detect when it is locked to a jitter spur. When this
happens, the DS100RT410 will re-initiate the adaptation and lock sequence until it locks to the correct data rate.
This provides immunity to false lock conditions.
The reference clock mode is set by a two-bit field, register 0x36, bits 5:4. This field should always be set to a
value of 3 or 2'b11.
7.5.21 Overriding the CTLE Settings Used for CTLE Adaptation
Register 0x2c, bits 3:0, Register 0x2f, bit 3, Register 0x39, bits 4:0, and Registers 0x50-0x5f
The CTLE adaptation algorithm operates by setting the CTLE boost stage controls to a set of pre-determined
boost settings, each of which provides progressively more high-frequency boost. At each stage in the adaptation
process, the DS100RT410 attempts to phase lock to the equalized signal. If the phase lock succeeds, the
DS100RT410 measures the horizontal and vertical eye openings using the internal eye monitor circuit. The
DS100RT410 computes a figure of merit for the eye opening and compares it to the previous best value of the
figure of merit. While the figure of merit continues to improve, the DS100RT410 continues to try additional values
of the CTLE boost setting until the figure of merit ceases to improve and begins to degrade. When the figure of
merit starts to degrade, the DS100RT410 still continues to try additional CTLE settings for a pre-determined trial
count called the “look-beyond” count, and if no improvement in the figure of merit results, it resets the CTLE
boost values to those that produced the best figure of merit. The resulting CTLE boost values are then stored in
register 0x03. The “look-beyond” count is configured by the value in register 0x2c, bits 3:0. The value is 0x2 by
default.
The set of boost values used as candidate values during CTLE adaptation are stored as bit fields in registers
0x40-0x5f. The default values for these settings are listed in Table 8. These values may be overridden by setting
the corresponding register values over the SMBus. If these values are overridden, then the next time the CTLE
adaptation is performed the set of CTLE boost values stored in these registers will be used for the adaptation.
Resetting the channel registers by setting bit 2 of channel register 0x00 will reset the CTLE boost settings to their
defaults. So will power-cycling the DS100RT410.
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Table 8. CTLE Settings for Adaptation
REGISTER
(HEX)
BITS 7:6
BITS 5:4
BITS 3:2
BITS 1:0
(CTLE STAGE 0) (CTLE STAGE 1) (CTLE STAGE 2) (CTLE STAGE 3)
CTLE
BOOST STRING
CTLE
ADAPTATION INDEX
40
0
0
0
0
0000
0
41
0
0
0
1
0001
1
42
0
0
1
0
0010
2
43
0
1
0
0
0100
3
44
1
0
0
0
1000
4
45
0
0
2
0
0020
5
46
0
0
0
2
0002
6
47
2
0
0
0
2000
7
48
0
0
0
3
0003
8
49
0
0
3
0
0030
9
4A
0
3
0
0
0300
10
4B
1
0
0
1
1001
11
4C
1
1
0
0
1100
12
4D
3
0
0
0
3000
13
4E
1
2
0
0
1200
14
4F
2
1
0
0
2100
15
50
2
0
2
0
2020
16
51
2
0
0
2
2002
17
52
2
2
0
0
2200
18
53
1
0
1
2
1012
19
54
1
1
0
2
1102
20
55
2
0
3
0
2030
21
56
2
3
0
0
2300
22
57
3
0
2
0
3020
23
58
1
1
1
3
1113
24
59
1
1
3
1
1131
25
5A
1
2
2
1
1221
26
5B
1
3
1
1
1311
27
5C
3
1
1
1
3111
28
5D
2
1
2
1
2121
29
5E
2
1
1
2
2112
30
5F
2
2
1
1
2211
31
As an alternative to, or in conjunction with, writing the CTLE boost setting registers 0x40 through 0x5f, it is
possible to set the starting CTLE boost setting index. To override the default setting, which is 0, set bit 3 of
register 0x2f. When this bit is set, the starting index for adaptation comes from register 0x39, bits 4:0. This is the
index into the CTLE settings table in registers 0x40 through 0x5f. When this starting index is 0, which is the
default, CTLE adaptation starts at the first setting in the table, the one in register 0x40, and continues until the
optimum FOM is reached.
7.5.22 Setting the Output Differential Voltage
Register 0x2d, bits 2:0
There are eight levels of output differential voltage available in the DS100RT410, from 0.6 V to 1.3 V in 0.1 V
increments. The values drv_sel_vod[2:0] in bits 2:0 of register 0x2d set the output VOD. The available VOD
settings and the corresponding values of this bit field are listed in Table 9.
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Table 9. VOD Settings
BIT 2, DRV_SEL_VOD[2]
BIT 1, DRV_SEL_VOD[1]
BIT 0, DRV_SEL_VOD[0]
SELECTED VOD (V, PEAK-TOPEAK, DIFFERENTIAL)
0
0
0
0.6
0
0
1
0.7
0
1
0
0.8
0
1
1
0.9
1
0
0
1.0
1
0
1
1.1
1
1
0
1.2
1
1
1
1.3
7.5.23 Setting the Output De-emphasis Setting
Register 0x15, bits 2:0 and bit 6
Fifteen output de-emphasis settings are available in the DS100RT410, ranging from 0 dB to -12 dB. The deemphasis values come from register 0x15, bits 2:0, which make up the bit field dvr_dem<2:0>, and register 0x15,
bit 6, which is the de-emphasis range bit.
The available driver de-emphasis settings and the mapping to these bits are listed in Table 10.
Table 10. Driver De-Emphasis Settings
REGISTER 0X15, BIT 2,
DVR_DEM[2]
REGISTER 0X15, BIT 1,
DRV_DEM[1]
REGISTER 15, BIT 0,
DRV_DEM[0]
REGISTER 0x15, BIT 6,
DRV_DEM_RANGE
DE-EMPHASIS SETTING
(dB)
0
0
0
X
0.0
0
0
1
1
-0.9
0
0
1
0
-1.5
0
1
0
1
-2.0
0
1
1
1
-2.8
1
0
0
1
-3.3
0
1
0
0
-3.5
1
0
1
1
-3.9
1
1
0
1
-4.5
0
1
1
0
-5.0
1
1
1
1
-5.6
1
0
0
0
-6.0
1
0
1
0
-7.5
1
1
0
0
-9.0
1
1
1
0
-12.0
7.6 Register Maps
7.6.1 Register Information
There are two types of device registers in the DS100RT410. These are the control/shared registers and the
channel registers. The control/shared registers control or allow observation of settings which affect the operation
of all channels of the DS100RT410. They are also used to select which channel of the device is to be the target
channel for reads from and writes to the channel registers.
The channel registers are used to set all the configuration settings of the DS100RT410. They provide
independent control for each channel of the DS100RT410 for all the settable device characteristics.
Any registers not described in the tables that follow should be treated as reserved. The user should not try to
write new values to these registers. The user-accessible registers described in the tables that follow provide a
complete capability for customizing the operation of the DS100RT410 on a channel-by-channel basis.
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Register Maps (continued)
7.6.2 Bit Fields in the Register Set
Many of the registers in the DS100RT410 are divided into bit fields. This allows a single register to serve multiple
purposes, which may be unrelated.
Often configuring the DS100RT410 requires writing a bit field that makes up only part of a register value while
leaving the remainder of the register value unchanged. The procedure for accomplishing this is to read in the
current value of the register to be written, modify only the desired bits in this value, and write the modified value
back to the register. Of course, if the entire register is to be changed, rather than just a bit field within the
register, it is not necessary to read in the current value of the register first.
In all the register configuration procedures described in the following sections, this procedure should be kept in
mind. In some cases, the entire register is to be modified. When only a part of the register is to be changed,
however, the procedure described above should be used.
7.6.3 Writing to and Reading from the Control/Shared Registers
Any write operation targeting register 0xff writes to the control/shared register 0xff. This is the only register in the
DS100RT410 with an address of 0xff.
Bit 2 of register 0xff is used to select either the control/shared register set or a channel register set. If bit 2 of
register 0xff is cleared (written with a 0), then all subsequent read and write operations over the SMBus are
directed to the control/shared register set. This situation persists until bit 2 of register 0xff is set (written with a 1).
There is a register with address 0x00 in the control/shared register set, and there is also a register with address
0x00 in each channel register set. If you read the value in register 0x00 when bit 2 of register 0xff is cleared to 0,
then the value returned by the DS100RT410 is the value in register 0x00 of the control/shared register set. If you
read the value in register 0x00 when bit 2 of register 0xff is set to 1, then the value returned by the DS100RT410
is the value in register 0x00 of the selected channel register set. The channel register set is selected by bits 1:0
of register 0xff.
If bit 3 of register 0xff is set to 1 and bit 2 of register 0xff is also set to 1, then any write operation to any register
address will write all the channel register sets in the DS100RT410 simultaneously. This situation will persist until
either bit 3 of register 0xff or bit 2 of register 0xff is cleared. Note that when you write to register 0xff,
independent of the current settings in register 0xff, the write operation ALWAYS targets the control/shared
register 0xff. This channel select register, register 0xff, is unique in this regard.
Table 11 shows the control/shared register set. Any register addresses or register bits in the control/shared
register set not listed in this table should be considered reserved. In this table, the mode is either R for ReadOnly, R/W for Read-Write, or R/W/SC for Read-Write-Self-Clearing. If you try to write to a Read-Only register, the
DS100RT410 will ignore it.
Table 11. Control/Shared Registers
ADDRESS
(Hex)
BITS
DEFAULT
VALUE
(Hex)
MODE
EEPROM
0
7
0
R
N
SMBus_Addr3
6
0
R
N
SMBus_Addr2
5
0
R
N
SMBus_Addr1
4
0
R
N
SMBus_Addr0
3:0
0
7
1
R
N
Version2
6
1
R
N
Version1
5
0
R
N
Version0
4
1
R
N
Device_ID4
3
0
R
N
Device_ID3
2
0
R
N
Device_ID2
1
0
R
N
Device_ID1
0
0
R
N
Device_ID0
1
FIELD NAME
DESCRIPTION
SMBus Address
Strapped 7-bit address is 0x18 + SMBus_Addr[3:0]
RESERVED
Device version
Device ID code
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Register Maps (continued)
Table 11. Control/Shared Registers (continued)
ADDRESS
(Hex)
BITS
DEFAULT
VALUE
(Hex)
MODE
EEPROM
2
7:0
0
RW
N
RESERVED
3
7:0
0
N
RESERVED
4
7
0
RW
N
RESERVED
6
0
RWSC
N
RST_SMB_REGS 1: Resets share registers. Self-clearing.
5
0
RWSC
N
RST_SMB_MAS
1: Reset for SMBus Master Mode
4
0
RW
N
rc_eeprm_rd
1: Force EEPROM Configuration
3
0
RW
N
RESERVED
2
0
RW
N
RESERVED
1
0
RW
N
RESERVED
0
1
RW
N
RESERVED
7
0
RW
N
disab_eeprm_cfg
6:5
0
RW
N
RESERVED
4
1
R
N
EEPROM_READ
_DONE
This bit is set to 1 when read from EEPROM is done
3
0
R
N
int_ch0
Set on Channel 0 Interrupt
2
0
R
N
int_ch1
Set on Channel 1 Interrupt
1
0
R
N
int_ch2
Set on Channel 2 Interrupt
0
0
R
N
int_ch3
Set on Channel 3 Interrupt
6
7:0
0
RW
N
RESERVED
7
7:0
0x05
RW
N
RESERVED
FF
7:4
0
RW
N
RESERVED
3
0
RW
N
WRITE_ALL_CH
Selects All Channels for Register Write. See Table 3.
2
0
RW
N
EN_CH_SMB
Enable Register Write to One or all Channels and
Register Read from One Channel.
See Table 3.
1:0
0
RW
N
SEL_CH_SMB
Selects Target Channel for Register Reads and Writes.
See Table 3.
5
FIELD NAME
DESCRIPTION
Disable Master Mode EEPROM Configuration
7.6.4 Channel Select Register
Register 0xff, bits 3:0
Register 0xff, as described in Table 11, selects the channel or channels for channel register reads and writes. It
is worth describing the operation of this register again for clarity. If bit 3 of register 0xff is set, then any channel
register write applies to all channels. Channel register read operations always target only the channel specified in
bits 1:0 of register 0xff regardless of the state of bit 3 of register 0xff. Read and write operations target the
channel register sets only when bit 2 of register 0xff is set.
Bit 2 of register 0xff is the universal channel register enable. This bit must be set in order for any channel register
reads and writes to occur. If this bit is set, then read operations from or write operations to register 0x00, for
example, target channel register 0x00 for the selected channel rather than the control/shared register 0x00. In
order to access the control/shared registers again, bit 2 of register 0xff should be cleared. Then the
control/shared registers can again be accessed using the SMBus. Write operations to register 0xff always target
the register with address 0xff in the control/shared register set. There is no other register, and specifically, no
channel register, with address 0xff.
The contents of the channel select register, register 0xff, cannot be read back over the SMBus. Read operations
on this register will always yield an invalid result. All eight bits of this register should always be set to the desired
values whenever this register is written. Always write 0x0 to the four MSBs of register 0xff. The register set target
selected by each valid value written to the channel select register is listed in Table 12.
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Table 12. Channel Select Register Values Mapped to Register Set Target
SHARED/CHANNEL
REGISTER
SELECTION
BROADCAST
CHANNEL
REGISTER
SELECTION
TARGETED
CHANNEL
SELECTION
0x00
Shared
N/A
N/A
0x04
Channel
No
0
All reads and writes target channel 0 register set
0x05
Channel
No
1
All reads and writes target channel 1 register set
0x06
Channel
No
2
All reads and writes target channel 2 register set
0x07
Channel
No
3
All reads and writes target channel 3 register set
0x0c
Channel
Yes
0
All writes target all channel register sets, all
reads target channel 0 register set
0x0d
Channel
Yes
1
All writes target all channel register sets, all
reads target channel 1 register set
0x0e
Channel
Yes
2
All writes target all channel register sets, all
reads target channel 2 register set
0x0f
Channel
Yes
3
All writes target all channel register sets, all
reads target channel 3 register set
REGISTER 0XFF
VALUE (HEX)
COMMENTS
All reads and writes target shared register set
7.6.5 Reading to and Writing from the Channel Registers
Each of the four channels has a complete set of channel registers associated with it. The channel registers or the
control/shared registers are selected by channel select register 0xff. The settings in this register control the target
for subsequent register reads and writes until the contents of register 0xff are explicitly changed by a register
write to register 0xff. As noted, there is only one register with an address of 0xff, the channel select register.
Table 13. Channel Registers
ADDRESS
(HEX)
BITS
DEFAULT
VALUE
(HEX)
MODE
EEPROM
0
7:4
0
RW
N
RESERVED
3
0
RW
N
RST_CORE
1: Reset core state machine
0: Normal Operation
2
0
RW
N
RST_REGS
1: Resets channel registers, restores default values
0: Normal Operation
1
0
RW
N
RST_REFCLK
1: Reset reference clock domain
0: Normal Operation
0
0
RW
N
RST_VCO
1: Reset VCO DIV clock domain
0: Normal Operation
7:5
0
RW
N
RESERVED
4
0
R
N
CDR_LOCK_LOSS_INT
3:1
0
R
N
RESERVED
0
0
R
N
SIG_DET_LOSS_INT
1
FIELD NAME
DESCRIPTION
1: indicates loss of CDR lock after having acquired it.
Bit clears on read.
Loss of signal indicator.
Bit is set once signal is acquired and then lost.
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Table 13. Channel Registers (continued)
ADDRESS
(HEX)
BITS
DEFAULT
VALUE
(HEX)
MODE
EEPROM
2
7:0
0x0
R
N
cdr_status
CDR Status [7:0]
Bit[7] = PPM Count met
•
1: The data rate is within the specified PPM
tolerance (typically around ±1000 ppm unless
specified otherwise in Reg 0x64).
•
0: Error: PPM tolerance exceeded.
Bit[6] = Auto Adapt Complete
•
1: CTLE auto-adaption is complete.
•
0: CTLE auto-adaption in progress.
Bit[5] = Fail Lock Check
•
1: Signal quality and amplitude level is not
sufficient for lock.
•
0: Signal quality and amplitude level is sufficient
for CDR lock.
Bit[4] = Lock
•
When asserted, indicates CDR is locked to the
incoming signal
Bit[3] = CDR Lock
•
When asserted, indicates CDR is locked to the
incoming signal (same status as bit 4)
Bit[2] = Single Bit Limit Reached
•
1: Number of bit transitions to acquire CDR lock
has been met.
•
0: Not enough bit transitions within the CDR lock
time window to declare lock.
Bit[1] = Comp LPF High
•
1: Data rate exceeds the VCO upper limit, based
on loop filter comparator voltage.
•
0 = Data rate is within VCO upper limit.
Bit[0] = Comp LPF Low
•
1: Data rate is below the VCO lower limit, based
on loop filter comparator voltage.
•
0 = Data rate is within VCO lower limit.
3
7
0
RW
Y
EQ_BST0[1]
6
0
RW
Y
EQ_BST0[0]
This register can be used to force an EQ boost setting
if used in conjunction with channel register 0x2D[3].
5
0
RW
Y
EQ_BST1[1]
4
0
RW
Y
EQ_BST1[0]
3
0
RW
Y
EQ_BST2[1]
2
0
RW
Y
EQ_BST2[0]
1
0
RW
Y
EQ_BST3[1]
0
0
RW
Y
EQ_BST3[0]
4
7:0
0
RW
N
RESERVED
5
7:0
0
RW
N
RESERVED
6
7:0
0
RW
N
RESERVED
7
7:0
0
RW
N
RESERVED
8
7:5
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
4
0
RW
Y
CDR_CAP_DAC_START4
Starting VCO Cap Dac Setting 0
3
0
RW
Y
CDR_CAP_DAC_START3
Starting VCO Cap Dac Setting 0
2
0
RW
Y
CDR_CAP_DAC_START2
Starting VCO Cap Dac Setting 0
1
0
RW
Y
CDR_CAP_DAC_START1
Starting VCO Cap Dac Setting 0
0
0
RW
Y
CDR_CAP_DAC_START0
Starting VCO Cap Dac Setting 0
32
FIELD NAME
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DESCRIPTION
Copyright © 2013–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links: DS100RT410
DS100RT410
www.ti.com
SNLS448A – JANUARY 2013 – REVISED OCTOBER 2015
Table 13. Channel Registers (continued)
ADDRESS
(HEX)
BITS
DEFAULT
VALUE
(HEX)
MODE
EEPROM
9
7
0
RW
Y
DIVSEL_VCO_CAP_OV
Enable bit to override cap_cnt with value in register
0x0B[4:0]
6
0
RW
Y
SET_CP_LVL_LPF_OV
Enable bit to override lpf_dac_val with value in register
0x1F[4:0]
5
0
RW
Y
BYPASS_PFD_OV
Enable bit to override sel_retimed_loopthru and
sel_raw_loopthru with values in reg 0x1E[7:5]
4
0
RW
Y
EN_FD_PD_VCO_PDIQ_OV
Enable bit to override en_fd, pd_pd, pd_vco, pd_pdiq
with reg 0x1E[0], reg 0x1E[2], reg 0x1C[0], reg 0x1C[1]
3
0
RW
Y
EN_PD_CP_OV
Enable bit to override pd_fd_cp and pd_pd_cp with
value in reg 0x1B[1:0]
2
0
RW
Y
DIVSEL_OV
Enable bit to override divsel with value in reg 0x18[6:4]
1: Override enable
0: Normal operation
1
0
RW
Y
EN_FLD_OV
Enable to override pd_fld with value in reg 0x1E[1]
0
0
RW
Y
PFD_LOCK_MODE_SM
Enable FD in lock state
7
0
RW
Y
SBT_EN
Enable bit to override sbt_en with value in reg 0x1D[7]
6
0
RW
Y
EN_IDAC_PD_CP_OV
EN_IDAC_FD_CP_OV
Enable bit to overridephase detector charge pump
settings with reg 0x1C[7:5]
Enable bit to override frequency detector charge pump
settings with reg 0x1C[4:2]
5
0
RW
Y
DAC_LPF_HIGH_PHASE_OV
DAC_LPF_LOW_PHASE_OV
Enable bit to override loop filter comparator trip voltage
with reg 0x16[7:0]
4
1
RW
Y
EN150_LPF_OV
Enable bit to override en150_lpf with value in reg
0x1F[6]
3
0
RW
N
CDR_RESET_OV
Enable bit to override CDR reset with reg 0x0A[2]
2
0
RW
N
CDR_RESET_SM
1: CDR is put into reset
0: normal CDR operation
1
0
RW
N
CDR_LOCK_OV
Enable CDR lock signal override with reg 0x0A[0]
0
0
RW
N
CDR_LOCK
CDR lock signal override bit
7
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
6
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
5
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
4
0
RW
Y
CAP_DAC_START1[4]
Starting VCO cap dac setting 1
3
1
RW
Y
CAP_DAC_START1[3]
Starting VCO cap dac setting 1
2
1
RW
Y
CAP_DAC_START1[2]
Starting VCO cap dac setting 1
1
1
RW
Y
CAP_DAC_START1[1]
Starting VCO cap dac setting 1
0
1
RW
Y
CAP_DAC_START1[0]
Starting VCO cap dac setting 1
7:4
0
RW
N
RESERVED
3
1
RW
Y
SINGLE_BIT_LIMIT_CHECK_ON
2
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
1
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
0
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
7:6
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
5
0
RW
Y
PRBS_PATT_SHIFT_EN
4:0
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
E
7:0
0x93
RW
N
RESERVED
F
7:0
0x69
RW
N
RESERVED
10
7:0
0x3A
RW
Y
RESERVED
A
B
C
D
FIELD NAME
DESCRIPTION
1: Normal operation, device checks for single bit
transitions as a gate to achieving CDR lock
PRBS Generator Clock Enable
•
1: Enabled
•
0: Disabled
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www.ti.com
Table 13. Channel Registers (continued)
ADDRESS
(HEX)
BITS
DEFAULT
VALUE
(HEX)
MODE
EEPROM
11
7
0
RW
Y
EOM_SEL_VRANGE[1]
6
0
RW
Y
EOM_SEL_VRANGE[0]
5
1
RW
Y
EOM_PD
4
0
RW
N
RESERVED
3
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
2
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
1
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
0
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
7
1
RW
Y
RESERVED
6
1
RW
N
RESERVED
5
1
RW
Y
RESERVED
4
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
3
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
2
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
1
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
0
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
7
0
RW
N
RESERVED
6
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
5
1
RW
Y
RESERVED
4
1
RW
Y
EQ_EN_DC_OFF
3
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
2
0
RW
Y
EQ_LIMIT_EN
1
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
0
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
7
0
RW
Y
EQ_SD_PRESET
1: Forces signal detect HIGH, and force enables the
channel. Should not be set if bit 6 is set.
0: Normal Operation.
6
0
RW
Y
EQ_SD_RESET
1: Forces signal detect LOW and force disables the
channel. Should not be set if bit 7 is set.
0: Normal Operation.
5
0
RW
Y
EQ_REFA_SEL1
Controls the signal detect assert levels.
4
0
RW
Y
EQ_REFA_SEL0
3
0
RW
Y
EQ_REFD_SEL1
2
0
RW
Y
EQ_REFD_SEL0
1:0
0
RW
N
RESERVED
7
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
6
0
RW
Y
drv_dem_range
5
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
4
1
RW
Y
RESERVED
3
0
RW
N
DRV_PD
1: Powers down the high speed driver
0: Normal operation
2
0
RW
Y
DRV_DEM2
Driver De-emphasis Setting[2:0]
1
0
RW
Y
DRV_DEM1
12
13
14
15
34
FIELD NAME
0
0
RW
Y
DRV_DEM0
16
7:0
0x7A
RW
Y
RESERVED
17
7:0
0x36
RW
Y
RESERVED
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DESCRIPTION
Manually set the EOM vertical range, used with
channel register 0x2C[6]:
00: ±100 mV
01: ±200 mV
10: ±300 mV
11: ±400 mV
1: Normal operation
1: Normal operation
1: Configures the final stage of the equalizer to be a
limiting stage.
0: Normal operation, final stage of the equalizer is
configured to be a linear stage.
Controls the signal detect de-assert levels.
Driver De-emphasis Range
Copyright © 2013–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links: DS100RT410
DS100RT410
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SNLS448A – JANUARY 2013 – REVISED OCTOBER 2015
Table 13. Channel Registers (continued)
ADDRESS
(HEX)
BITS
DEFAULT
VALUE
(HEX)
MODE
EEPROM
18
7
0
RW
N
RESERVED
6
1
RW
Y
PDIQ_SEL_DIV2
5
0
RW
Y
PDIQ_SEL_DIV1
4
0
RW
Y
PDIQ_SEL_DIV0
3
0
RW
N
RESERVED
2
0
RW
N
DRV_SEL_SLOW
1:0
0
RW
N
RESERVED
7:6
0x23
RW
N
RESERVED
RW
Y
RESERVED
19
5:0
1A
1B
1C
1D
1E
1F
FIELD NAME
DESCRIPTION
These bits will force the divider setting if 0x09[2] is set.
000: Divide by 1
001: Divide by 2
010: Divide by 4
011: Divide by 8
100: Divide by 16
All other values are reserved.
7:4
0x0
RW
Y
RESERVED
3:0
0x0
RW
N
RESERVED
7:2
0
RW
N
RESERVED
1
1
RW
Y
CP_EN_CP_PD
1: Normal operation (phase detector charge pump
enabled)
0
1
RW
Y
CP_EN_CP_FD
1: Normal operation (frequency detector charge pump
enabled)
7
0
RW
Y
EN_IDAC_PD_CP2
6
0
RW
Y
EN_IDAC_PD_CP1
Phase detector charge pump setting. MSB located in
channel register 0x0C[0]. Override bit required for
these bits to take effect
5
1
RW
Y
EN_IDAC_PD_CP0
4
0
RW
Y
EN_IDAC_FD_CP2
3
0
RW
Y
EN_IDAC_FD_CP1
2
1
RW
Y
EN_IDAC_FD_CP0
1:0
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
7
0
RW
Y
SBT_EN
6:0
0
RW
N
RESERVED
7
1
RW
Y
PFD_SEL_DATA_MUX2
6
1
RW
Y
PFD_SEL_DATA_MUX1
5
1
RW
Y
PFD_SEL_DATA_MUX0
For these values to take effect, register 0x09[5] must
be set to 1.
000: Raw Data*
001: Retimed Data
100: Pattern Generator
111: Mute
All other values are reserved.
4
0
RW
N
PRBS_EN
1: Enable PRBS Generator
3
1
RW
Y
RESERVED
2
0
RW
Y
PFD_PD_PD
PFD phase detector power down override
1
0
RW
Y
PFD_EN_FLD
PFD enable FLD override
0
1
RW
Y
PFD_EN_FD
PFD enable frequency detector override
7
0
RW
Y
Drv_sel_inv
Select Output Polarity Inverted
6
0
RW
Y
LPF_EN_150
When reg_0A[4]=1, this bit will change the loop filter
resistance.
1: 1500 Ω
0: 750 Ω
5
0
RW
N
RESERVED
4
0
RW
N
lpf_dac_val[4]
lpf_dac_val over-ride
3
0
RW
N
lpf_dac_val[3]
lpf_dac_val over-ride
2
0
RW
N
lpf_dac_val[2]
lpf_dac_val over-ride
1
0
RW
N
lpf_dac_val[1]
lpf_dac_val over-ride
0
0
RW
N
lpf_dac_val[0]
lpf_dac_val over-ride
Frequency detector charge pump setting. MSB located
in channel register 0x0C[1]. Override bit required for
these bits to take effect
SBT enable override
0: Normal operation
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SNLS448A – JANUARY 2013 – REVISED OCTOBER 2015
www.ti.com
Table 13. Channel Registers (continued)
ADDRESS
(HEX)
BITS
DEFAULT
VALUE
(HEX)
MODE
EEPROM
20
7
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
6
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
5
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
4
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
3
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
2
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
1
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
0
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
7
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
6
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
5
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
4
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
3
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
2
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
1
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
0
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
7
0
RW
N
EOM_OV
1: Override enable for EOM manual control
0: Normal operation
6
0
RW
N
EOM_SEL_RATE_OV
1: Override enable for EOMrate selection
0: Normal operation
5:0
0
RW
N
RESERVED
7
0
RW
N
EOM_GET_HEO_VEO_OV
21
22
23
24
25
36
FIELD NAME
DESCRIPTION
1: Override enable for manual control of the HEO/VEO
trigger
0: Normal operation
6
1
RW
Y
RESERVED
5:0
0
RW
N
RESERVED
7
0
RW
N
FAST_EOM
6
0
RW
N
RESERVED
5
0
RW
N
GET_HEO_VEO_ERROR_NO_HITS
GET_HEO_VEO sees no hits at zero crossing
4
0
RW
N
GET_HEO_VEO_ERROR_NO_OPEN
ING
GET_HEO_VEO cannot see a vertical eye opening
3
0
RW
N
RESERVED
2
0
RW
N
RESERVED
1
0
RW
N
EOM_GET_HEO_VEO
1: Manually triggers a HEO/VEO measurement. Must
be enabled with channel register 0x23[7].
0
0
RW
N
EOM_START
1: Starts EOM counter, self clearing
7
0
R
N
EOM_COUNT15
MSBs of EOM counter
6
0
R
N
EOM_COUNT14
5
0
R
N
EOM_COUNT13
4
0
R
N
EOM_COUNT12
3
0
R
N
EOM_COUNT11
2
0
R
N
EOM_COUNT10
1
0
R
N
EOM_COUNT9
0
0
R
N
EOM_COUNT8
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1: Enables fast EOM mode for fully eye capture. In this
mode the phase DAC and voltage DAC of the EOM
are automatically incremented through a 64 x 64
matrix. Values for each point are stored in channel
registers 25 and 26.
Copyright © 2013–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links: DS100RT410
DS100RT410
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SNLS448A – JANUARY 2013 – REVISED OCTOBER 2015
Table 13. Channel Registers (continued)
ADDRESS
(HEX)
BITS
DEFAULT
VALUE
(HEX)
MODE
EEPROM
26
7
0
R
N
EOM_COUNT7
6
0
R
N
EOM_COUNT6
5
0
R
N
EOM_COUNT5
4
0
R
N
EOM_COUNT4
3
0
R
N
EOM_COUNT3
2
0
R
N
EOM_COUNT2
1
0
R
N
EOM_COUNT1
0
0
R
N
EOM_COUNT0
7
0
R
N
HEO7
6
0
R
N
HEO6
5
0
R
N
HEO5
4
0
R
N
HEO4
3
0
R
N
HEO3
2
0
R
N
HEO2
1
0
R
N
HEO1
0
0
R
N
HEO0
7
0
R
N
VEO7
6
0
R
N
VEO6
5
0
R
N
VEO5
4
0
R
N
VEO4
3
0
R
N
VEO3
2
0
R
N
VEO2
1
0
R
N
VEO1
0
0
R
N
VEO0
7
0
RW
N
RESERVED
6
0
R
N
EOM_VRANGE_SETTING1
5
0
R
N
EOM_VRANGE_SETTING0
4:0
0
RW
N
RESERVED
7
0
RW
Y
EOM_TIMER_THR7
6
0
RW
Y
EOM_TIMER_THR6
5
1
RW
Y
EOM_TIMER_THR5
4
1
RW
Y
EOM_TIMER_THR4
3
0
RW
Y
EOM_TIMER_THR3
2
0
RW
Y
EOM_TIMER_THR2
1
0
RW
Y
EOM_TIMER_THR1
0
0
RW
Y
EOM_TIMER_THR0
7:6
0
RW
N
RESERVED
5:4
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
3
0
RW
Y
EOM_MIN_REQ_HITS3
2
0
RW
Y
EOM_MIN_REQ_HITS2
1
0
RW
Y
EOM_MIN_REQ_HITS1
0
0
RW
Y
EOM_MIN_REQ_HITS0
27
28
29
2A
2B
FIELD NAME
DESCRIPTION
LSBs of EOM counter
HEO value, requires CDR to be locked for valid
measurement
VEO value, requires CDR to be locked for valid
measurement
Use these bits to read back the EOM voltage range
setting:
00: ±100 mV
01: ±200 mV
10: ±300 mV
11: ±400 mV
Controls the amount of time the EOM samples each
point in the eye for. The total counter bit width is 16bits. This register is the upper 8-bits. The counter
counts in 32-bit words. Therefore, the total number of
bits is 32 times this value
These bits set the number of hits for a particular phase
and voltage location in the EOM before the EOM will
indicate a hit has occurred. This filtering only affects
the HEO measurement. Filter threshold ranges from 0
to 15 hits.
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www.ti.com
Table 13. Channel Registers (continued)
ADDRESS
(HEX)
BITS
DEFAULT
VALUE
(HEX)
MODE
EEPROM
2C
7
0
RW
N
RESERVED
6
1
RW
Y
VEO_SCALE
5
1
RW
Y
RESERVED
4
1
RW
Y
RESERVED
3
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
2
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
1
1
RW
Y
RESERVED
0
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
7
1
RW
Y
RESERVED
6
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
5
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
4
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
3
0
RW
Y
EQ_BST_OV
Allow override control of the EQ setting by writing to
channel register 0x03. Not recommended for normal
operation.
2
0
RW
Y
DRV_SEL_VOD2
Controls the VOD levels of the high speed drivers
1
0
RW
Y
DRV_SEL_VOD1
2D
DESCRIPTION
Scale VEO based on EOM vrange
0
0
RW
Y
DRV_SEL_VOD0
2E
7:0
0
RW
N
RESERVED
2F
7
0
RW
Y
RATE1
6
0
RW
Y
RATE0
5
0
RW
Y
SUBRATE1
4
0
RW
Y
SUBRATE0
3
0
RW
Y
INDEX_OV
If this bit is set to 1, reg 0x13 is to be used as a 5 bit
index to the [31:0] array of EQ settings.
2
1
RW
Y
EN_PPM_CHECK
1: PPM check to be used as a qualifier when
performing lock detect
1
1
RW
Y
EN_FLD_CHECK
For default ref_mode 3
0: FLD is enabled
1: FLD is disabled
0
0
RWSC
N
CTLE_ADAPT
Starts CTLE adaption, self-clearing
7
0
RW
N
RESERVED
6
0
RW
N
RESERVED
5
0
R
N
EOM_VRANGE_LIMIT_ERROR
4
0
R
N
HEO_VEO_INTERRUPT
Requires that channel register 0x36[6] be set.
1: Indicates that HEO/VEO dropped below the limits
set in channel register 0x76 This bit is cleared after
reading. This bit will stay set until it has been cleared
by reading.
3
0
RW
Y
PRBS_EN_DIG_CLK
This bit enables the clock to operate the PRBS
generator and/or the PRBS checker. Toggling this bit is
the primary method to reset the PRBS pattern
generator and PRBS checker.
2
0
RW
N
RESERVED
1
0
RW
Y
PRBS_PATTERN_SEL1
0
0
RW
Y
PRBS_PATTERN_SEL0
30
38
FIELD NAME
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Selects the PRBS generator pattern to output.
Requires that the pattern generator be configured
properly.
00: PRBS-7
01: PRBS-9
10: PRBS-15
11: PRBS-31
Copyright © 2013–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links: DS100RT410
DS100RT410
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SNLS448A – JANUARY 2013 – REVISED OCTOBER 2015
Table 13. Channel Registers (continued)
ADDRESS
(HEX)
BITS
DEFAULT
VALUE
(HEX)
MODE
EEPROM
31
7
0
RW
Y
RSERVED
6
0
RW
Y
ADAPT_MODE1
5
1
RW
Y
ADAPT_MODE0
4
0
RW
Y
EQ_SM_FOM1
3
0
RW
Y
EQ_SM_FOM0
2
0
RW
N
RESERVED
1
0
RW
N
RESERVED
0
0
RW
N
RESERVED
7
0
RW
Y
HEO_INT_THRESH3
6
0
RW
Y
HEO_INT_THRESH2
5
0
RW
Y
HEO_INT_THRESH1
4
1
RW
Y
HEO_INT_THRESH0
3
0
RW
Y
VEO_INT_THRESH3
2
0
RW
Y
VEO_INT_THRESH2
1
0
RW
Y
VEO_INT_THRESH1
0
1
RW
Y
VEO_INT_THRESH0
7
1
RW
Y
HEO_THRESH3
6
0
RW
Y
HEO_THRESH2
5
0
RW
Y
HEO_THRESH1
4
0
RW
Y
HEO_THRESH0
3
1
RW
Y
VEO_THRESH3
2
0
RW
Y
VEO_THRESH2
1
0
RW
Y
VEO_THRESH1
0
0
RW
Y
VEO_THRESH0
7
0
RW
N
PPM_ERR_RDY
1: Indicates that a PPM error count is read to be read
from channel register 0x3B and 0x3C
6
0
RW
Y
LOW_POWER_MODE_DISABLE
By default, all blocks (except signal detect) power
down after 100ms after signal detect goes low.
5
1
RW
Y
LOCK_COUNTER1
4
1
RW
Y
LOCK_COUNTER0
After achieving lock, the CDR continues to monitor the
lock criteria. If the lock criteria fail, the lock is checked
for a total of N number of times before declaring an out
of lock condition, where N is set by this the value in
these registers, with a max value of +3, for a total of 4.
If during the N lock checks, lock is regained, then the
lock condition is left HI, and the counter is reset back
to zero.
3
1
RW
Y
RESERVED
2
1
RW
Y
RESERVED
1
1
RW
Y
RESERVED
0
1
RW
Y
RESERVED
32
33
34
FIELD NAME
DESCRIPTION
00: no adaption
01: adapt CTLE only
10: Reserved
11: Reserved
00: not valid
01: SM uses HEO only
10: SM uses VEO only
11: SM uses both HEO and VEO
These bits set the threshold for the HEO and VEo
interrupt. Each threshold bit represents 8 counts of
HEO or VEO.
Reserved for future use.
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Table 13. Channel Registers (continued)
ADDRESS
(HEX)
BITS
DEFAULT
VALUE
(HEX)
MODE
EEPROM
35
7
0
RW
Y
DATA_LOCK_PPM1
6
0
RW
Y
DATA_LOCK_PPM0
5
0
RW
N
GET_PPM_ERROR
4
1
RW
Y
RESERVED
3
1
RW
Y
RESERVED
2
1
RW
Y
RESERVED
1
1
RW
Y
RESERVED
0
1
RW
Y
RESERVED
7
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
6
0
RW
Y
HEO_VEO_INT_EN
1: Enable HEO/VEO interrupt capability
5
1
RW
Y
REF_MODE1
4
1
RW
Y
REF_MODE0
11: Fast_lock all cap dac ref clock enabled
(recommended)
10: constrained cap dac, ref clock enabled
01: referenceless constained cap dac
00: referenceless all cap dac
3
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
2
0
RW
Y
CDR_CAP_DAC_RNG_OV
Over-ride enable for Cap DAC range
1
0
RW
Y
cdr_cap_dac_rng[1]
0
1
RW
Y
cdr_cap_dac_rng[0]
Sets the stop value based on start value - (rng+1):
11:stop = start - 4
10: stop = start - 3
01: stop = start - 2
00: stop = start - 1
7
0
R
N
CTLE_STATUS7
6
0
R
N
CTLE_STATUS6
5
0
R
N
CTLE_STATUS5
4
0
R
N
CTLE_STATUS4
3
0
R
N
CTLE_STATUS3
2
0
R
N
CTLE_STATUS2
1
0
R
N
CTLE_STATUS1
0
0
R
N
CTLE_STATUS0
7
0
R
N
RESERVED
6
0
R
N
RESERVED
5
0
R
N
RESERVED
4
0
R
N
RESERVED
3
0
R
N
RESERVED
2
0
R
N
RESERVED
1
0
R
N
RESERVED
0
0
R
N
RESERVED
36
37
38
40
FIELD NAME
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DESCRIPTION
Modifies the value of the ppm delta tolerance from
channel register 0x64:
00 - ppm_delta[7:0] =1 x ppm_delta[7:0]
01 - ppm_delta[7:0] =1 x ppm_delta[7:0] +
ppm_delta[3:1]
10 - ppm_delta[7:0] =2 x ppm_delta[7:0]
11 - ppm_delta[7:0] =2 x ppm_delta[7:0] +
ppm_delta[3:1]
Get ppm error from ppm_count - clears when done.
Normally updates continuously, but can be manually
triggered with read value from channel register 0x3B
and 0x3C
Feature is reserved for future use
Copyright © 2013–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links: DS100RT410
DS100RT410
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SNLS448A – JANUARY 2013 – REVISED OCTOBER 2015
Table 13. Channel Registers (continued)
ADDRESS
(HEX)
BITS
DEFAULT
VALUE
(HEX)
MODE
EEPROM
39
7
0
RW
N
RESERVED
6
0
RW
Y
EOM_RATE1
5
0
RW
Y
EOM_RATE0
4
0
RW
Y
START_INDEX4
3
0
RW
Y
START_INDEX3
2
0
RW
Y
START_INDEX2
1
0
RW
Y
START_INDEX1
0
0
RW
Y
START_INDEX0
7
1
RW
Y
FIXED_EQ_BST0[1]
6
0
RW
Y
FIXED_EQ_BST0[0]
5
1
RW
Y
FIXED_EQ_BST1[1]
4
0
RW
Y
FIXED_EQ_BST1[0]
3
0
RW
Y
FIXED_EQ_BST2[1]
2
1
RW
Y
FIXED_EQ_BST2[0]
1
0
RW
Y
FIXED_EQ_BST3[1]
0
1
RW
7
0
R
N
RESERVED
6
0
R
N
RESERVED
5
0
R
N
RESERVED
4
0
R
N
RESERVED
3
0
R
N
RESERVED
2
0
R
N
RESERVED
1
0
R
N
RESERVED
0
0
R
N
RESERVED
7
0
R
N
RESERVED
6
0
R
N
RESERVED
5
0
R
N
RESERVED
4
0
R
N
RESERVED
3
0
R
N
RESERVED
2
0
R
N
RESERVED
1
0
R
N
RESERVED
0
0
R
N
RESERVED
7
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
6
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
5
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
4
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
3
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
2
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
1
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
0
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
3A
3B
3C
3D
FIELD NAME
DESCRIPTION
With eom_ov=1, these bits control the Eye Monitor
Rate:
11: Use for Full Rate, Fastest
10 : Use for 1/2 Rate
01: Use for 1/4 Rate
00: Use for 1/8 Rate, Slowest
Start index for EQ adaptation
During adaptation, if the divider setting is >2, then a
fixed EQ setting from this register will be used.
However, if channel register 0x6F[7] is enabled, then
an EQ adaptation will be performed instead
FIXED_EQ_BST3[0]
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Table 13. Channel Registers (continued)
ADDRESS
(HEX)
BITS
DEFAULT
VALUE
(HEX)
MODE
EEPROM
3E
7
1
RW
Y
HEO_VEO_LOCKMON_EN
6
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
5
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
4
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
3
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
2
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
1
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
0
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
7
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
6
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
5
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
4
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
3
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
2
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
1
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
0
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
3F
40-5F
60
61
62
63
42
FIELD NAME
DESCRIPTION
Enable HEO/VEO lock monitoring.
CTLE Settings for adaption – see Table 10
7
0
RW
Y
GRP0_OV_CNT7
6
0
RW
Y
GRP0_OV_CNT6
5
0
RW
Y
GRP0_OV_CNT5
4
0
RW
Y
GRP0_OV_CNT4
3
0
RW
Y
GRP0_OV_CNT3
2
0
RW
Y
GRP0_OV_CNT2
1
0
RW
Y
GRP0_OV_CNT1
0
0
RW
Y
GRP0_OV_CNT0
7
0
RW
Y
CNT_DLTA_OV_0
Override enable for group 0 manual data rate selection
6
0
RW
Y
GRP0_OV_CNT14
Group 0 count MSB
5
0
RW
Y
GRP0_OV_CNT13
4
0
RW
Y
GRP0_OV_CNT12
3
0
RW
Y
GRP0_OV_CNT11
2
0
RW
Y
GRP0_OV_CNT10
1
0
RW
Y
GRP0_OV_CNT9
0
0
RW
Y
GRP0_OV_CNT8
7
0
RW
Y
GRP1_OV_CNT7
6
0
RW
Y
GRP1_OV_CNT6
5
0
RW
Y
GRP1_OV_CNT5
4
0
RW
Y
GRP1_OV_CNT4
3
0
RW
Y
GRP1_OV_CNT3
2
0
RW
Y
GRP1_OV_CNT2
1
0
RW
Y
GRP1_OV_CNT1
0
0
RW
Y
GRP1_OV_CNT0
7
0
RW
Y
CNT_DLTA_OV_1
Override enable for group 1 manual data rate selection
6
0
RW
Y
GRP1_OV_CNT14
Group 1 count MSB
5
0
RW
Y
GRP1_OV_CNT13
4
0
RW
Y
GRP1_OV_CNT12
3
0
RW
Y
GRP1_OV_CNT11
2
0
RW
Y
GRP1_OV_CNT10
1
0
RW
Y
GRP1_OV_CNT9
0
0
RW
Y
GRP1_OV_CNT8
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Group 0 count LSB
Group 1 count LSB
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Table 13. Channel Registers (continued)
ADDRESS
(HEX)
BITS
DEFAULT
VALUE
(HEX)
MODE
EEPROM
64
7
0
RW
Y
GRP0_OV_DLTA3
6
0
RW
Y
GRP0_OV_DLTA2
5
0
RW
Y
GRP0_OV_DLTA1
4
0
RW
Y
GRP0_OV_DLTA0
3
0
RW
Y
GRP1_OV_DLTA3
2
0
RW
Y
GRP1_OV_DLTA2
1
0
RW
Y
GRP1_OV_DLTA1
0
0
RW
Y
GRP1_OV_DLTA0
65
7:0
0
RW
N
RESERVED
66
7:0
0
RW
N
RESERVED
67
7:0
0x20
RW
Y
RESERVED
68
7:0
0
RW
N
RESERVED
69
7:5
0
RW
N
RESERVED
4
0
RW
N
CTLE_ADPT_FRC_EN
3
1
RW
Y
HV_LCKMON_CNT_MS3
2
0
RW
Y
HV_LCKMON_CNT_MS2
1
1
RW
Y
HV_LCKMON_CNT_MS1
0
0
RW
Y
HV_LCKMON_CNT_MS0
7
0
RW
Y
VEO_LCK_THRSH3
6
0
RW
Y
VEO_LCK_THRSH2
5
1
RW
Y
VEO_LCK_THRSH1
4
0
RW
Y
VEO_LCK_THRSH0
3
0
RW
Y
HEO_LCK_THRSH3
2
0
RW
Y
HEO_LCK_THRSH2
1
1
RW
Y
HEO_LCK_THRSH1
0
0
RW
Y
HEO_LCK_THRSH0
7
0
RW
Y
FOM_A7
6
1
RW
Y
FOM_A6
5
0
RW
Y
FOM_A5
4
0
RW
Y
FOM_A4
3
0
RW
Y
FOM_A3
2
0
RW
Y
FOM_A2
1
0
RW
Y
FOM_A1
0
0
RW
Y
FOM_A0
7
0
RW
Y
FOM_B7
6
1
RW
Y
FOM_B6
5
0
RW
Y
FOM_B5
4
0
RW
Y
FOM_B4
3
0
RW
Y
FOM_B3
2
0
RW
Y
FOM_B2
1
0
RW
Y
FOM_B1
0
0
RW
Y
FOM_B0
7
0
RW
Y
FOM_C7
6
1
RW
Y
FOM_C6
5
0
RW
Y
FOM_C5
4
0
RW
Y
FOM_C4
3
0
RW
Y
FOM_C3
2
0
RW
Y
FOM_C2
1
0
RW
Y
FOM_C1
0
0
RW
Y
FOM_C0
6A
6B
6C
6D
FIELD NAME
DESCRIPTION
Sets the PPM delta tolerance for the PPM counter lock
check for group 0. Must also program channel register
0x67[7].
Sets the PPM delta tolerance for the PPM counter lock
check for group 1. Must also program channel register
0x67[6].
This feature is reserved for future use.
VEO threshold to meet before lock is established. The
LSB step size is 4 counts of VEO.
HEO threshold to meet before lock is established. The
LSB step size is 4 counts of VEO.
Alternate Figure of Merit variable A. Max value for this
register is 128, do not use the MSB
HEO adjustment for Alternate FoM, variable B
VEO adjustment for Alternate FoM, variable C
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Table 13. Channel Registers (continued)
ADDRESS
(HEX)
BITS
DEFAULT
VALUE
(HEX)
MODE
EEPROM
6E
7
0
RW
Y
EN_NEW_FOM_CTLE
6F
70
71
72
73
74
75
44
FIELD NAME
6
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
5:1
0
RW
N
RESERVED
0
0
RW
N
GET_HV_ST_FRC_EN
705
0
RW
Y
RESERVED
4:0
0
RW
N
RESERVED
7:4
0
RW
N
RESERVED
3
0
RW
N
RESERVED
2
0
RW
Y
EQ_LB_CNT2
1
1
RW
Y
EQ_LB_CNT1
0
1
RW
Y
EQ_LB_CNT0
7:6
0
RW
N
RESERVED
5
0
R
N
RESERVED
4
0
R
N
RESERVED
3
0
R
N
RESERVED
2
0
R
N
RESERVED
1
0
R
N
RESERVED
0
0
R
N
RESERVED
7:5
0
RW
N
RESERVED
4
0
R
N
RESERVED
3
0
R
N
RESERVED
2
0
R
N
RESERVED
1
0
R
N
RESERVED
0
0
R
N
RESERVED
7:5
0
RW
N
RESERVED
4
0
R
N
RESERVED
3
0
R
N
RESERVED
2
0
R
N
RESERVED
1
0
R
N
RESERVED
0
0
R
N
RESERVED
7:5
0
RW
N
RESERVED
4
0
R
N
RESERVED
3
0
R
N
RESERVED
2
0
R
N
RESERVED
1
0
R
N
RESERVED
0
0
R
N
RESERVED
7:5
0
RW
N
RESERVED
4
0
R
N
RESERVED
3
0
R
N
RESERVED
2
0
R
N
RESERVED
1
0
R
N
RESERVED
0
0
R
N
RESERVED
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DESCRIPTION
1: CTLE adaption state machine will use the alternate
FoM
HEO_ALT = (HEO-B)*A*2
VEO_ALT = (VEO-C)*(1-A)*2
The values of A,B,C are set in channel register 0x6B,
0x6C, and 0x6D. The value of A is equal to the register
value divided by 128.
The Alternate FoM = (HEOB)* A*2 + (VEO-C)*(1-A)*2
This feature is reserved for future use.
CTLE look beyond count for adaption
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8 Application and Implementation
NOTE
Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component
specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are
responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should
validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality.
8.1 Application Information
The DS100RT410 can be configured by the user to optimize its operation. The four channels can be optimized
independently in SMBus master or SMBus slave mode. The operational settings available for user configuration
include the following.
• CTLE boost setting
• Driver output voltage
• Driver output de-emphasis
• Driver output rise and fall time
Configuration of the DS100RT410 is accomplished by writing the appropriate values into various device registers
over the SMBus. This can either be done while the device is operating or upon initial power-up. When the
DS100RT410 is operating it behaves like an SMBus slave device, and its register contents can be read or written
over the SMBus. Optionally, when the DS100RT410 first powers up, it can behave like an SMBus master and
read its register contents autonomously from an external EEPROM.
8.2 Typical Application
Line Card
Switch Fabric
Optical Modules
DS100DF410
x4
DS100DF410
ASIC
x4
Connector
DS100DF410
x4
ASIC
SFP+(SFF8431)
QSFP
10GbE
x4
10GbE
Back
Plane/
DS100DF410
Passive Copper
Mid
Plane
Clean Signal
Noisy Signal
Figure 6. Typical Application Diagram
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Typical Application (continued)
8.2.1 Design Requirements
This section lists some critical areas for high speed printed circuit board design consideration and study.
• Use 100-Ω differential impedance traces.
• Back-drill connector vias and signal vias to minimize stub length.
• Use reference plane vias to ensure a low inductance path for the return current.
• Place AC-coupling capacitors for the transmitter links near the receiver for that channel.
• The maximum body size for AC-coupling capacitors is 0402.
8.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure
To begin the design process, determine the following:
• Maximum power draw for PCB regulator selection: for this calculation, use the maximum transient power
supply current specified in the datasheet. The lock time for each channel is typically very short, so this power
calculation should not be used for the thermal simulations of the PCB.
• Maximum operational power for thermal calculations: for this calculation, use the Average Power
Consumption number in Electrical Characteristics.
• Select a reference clock frequency and routing scheme.
• Plan out channel connectivity. Be sure to note any desired polarity inversion routing in the board schematics.
• Ensure that each device has a unique SMBus address if the control bus is shared with other devices or
components.
• Use the IBIS-AMI model for simple channel simulations before PCB layout is complete.
8.2.3 Application Curves
Figure 7 shows a typical output eye diagram for the DS100RT410 operating at 10.3125 Gbps with default VOD
of 600 mVp-p and de-emphasis setting of –2 dB.
Figure 8 shows an example of TX de-emphasis for a DS100RT410 operating at 10.3125 Gbps. In this example,
the high speed output is configured for 600-mVp-p VOD and de-emphasis is set to –4.5 dB. An 8T pattern is
used to evaluate the driver, which consists of 0xFF00.
Figure 7. Typical Application Transmit Eye Diagram,
10.3125 Gbps
46
Figure 8. Transmit Equalization Example, 10.3125 Gbps
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9 Power Supply Recommendations
Figure 9 depicts an example power connections diagram for the DS100RT410. The supply (VDD) and ground
(GND) Pins should be connected to power planes routed on adjacent layers of the printed circuit board. The
layer thickness of the dielectric should be minimized so that the VDD and GND planes create a low inductance
supply with distributed capacitance. Second, careful attention to supply bypassing through the proper use of
bypass capacitors is required. A 0.1-μF bypass capacitor should be connected to each VDD Pin such that the
capacitor is placed as close as possible to the DS100RT410. Smaller body size capacitors can help facilitate
proper component placement. Additionally, capacitor with capacitance in the range of 1 μF to 10 μF should be
incorporated in the power supply bypassing design as well. These capacitors can be either tantalum or an ultralow ESR ceramic.
2.5 V
VDD
0.1 µF
1 µF
0.1 µF
10 µF
VDD
Capacitors can be
either tantalum or an
ultra-low ESR ceramic.
VDD
0.1 µF
VDD
0.1 µF
VDD
0.1 µF
Place capacitors close to VDD Pin
Figure 9. Example Power Connection
10 Layout
10.1 Layout Guidelines
The CML inputs and outputs have been optimized to work with interconnects using a controlled differential
impedance of 100 Ω. It is preferable to route differential lines exclusively on one layer of the board, particularly
for the input traces. The use of vias should be avoided if possible. If vias must be used, they should be used
sparingly and must be placed symmetrically for each side of a given differential pair. Whenever differential vias
are used the layout must also provide for a low inductance path for the return currents as well. Route the
differential signals away from other signals and noise sources on the printed circuit board. See AN-1187
Leadless Leadframe Package (LLP) Application Report (SNOA401) for additional information on QFN (WQFN)
packages.
10.2 Layout Example
To minimize the effects of crosstalk, a 5:1 ratio or greater should be maintained between inter-pair spacing.
Figure 10 depicts different transmission line topologies that can be used in various combinations to achieve the
optimal system performance. Impedance discontinuities at the differential via can be minimized or eliminated by
increasing the swell around each hole and providing for a low inductance return current path. When the via
structure is associated with thick backplane PCB, further optimization such as back drilling is often used to
reduce the detrimental high frequency effects of stubs on the signal path.
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Layout Example (continued)
EXTERNAL MICROSTRIP
20 mils
20 mils
100 mils
INTERNAL STRIPLINE
12 11 10
VDD
VDD
VDD
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
48
13
47
14
46
15
45
16
44
17
43
18
19
BOTTOM OF PKG
42
GND
41
20
40
21
22
39
23
38
24
37
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
Figure 10. Different Transmission Line Topologies
48
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Product Folder Links: DS100RT410
DS100RT410
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SNLS448A – JANUARY 2013 – REVISED OCTOBER 2015
11 Device and Documentation Support
11.1 Documentation Support
11.1.1 Related Documentation
For additional information on QFN (WQFN) packages, refer to AN-1187 Leadless Leadframe Package (LLP)
Application Report (SNOA401).
For a description of SMBus master mode, refer to DS100DF410EVK, DS110DF410EVK, DS125DF410EVM
User's Guide (SNLU126)
11.2 Community Resources
The following links connect to TI community resources. Linked contents are provided "AS IS" by the respective
contributors. They do not constitute TI specifications and do not necessarily reflect TI's views; see TI's Terms of
Use.
TI E2E™ Online Community TI's Engineer-to-Engineer (E2E) Community. Created to foster collaboration
among engineers. At e2e.ti.com, you can ask questions, share knowledge, explore ideas and help
solve problems with fellow engineers.
Design Support TI's Design Support Quickly find helpful E2E forums along with design support tools and
contact information for technical support.
11.3 Trademarks
E2E is a trademark of Texas Instruments.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
11.4 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam
during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.
11.5 Glossary
SLYZ022 — TI Glossary.
This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms, and definitions.
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Product Folder Links: DS100RT410
49
DS100RT410
SNLS448A – JANUARY 2013 – REVISED OCTOBER 2015
www.ti.com
12 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information
The following pages include mechanical, packaging, and orderable information. This information is the most
current data available for the designated devices. This data is subject to change without notice and revision of
this document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left-hand navigation.
50
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Product Folder Links: DS100RT410
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
16-Aug-2015
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device
Status
(1)
Package Type Package Pins Package
Drawing
Qty
Eco Plan
Lead/Ball Finish
MSL Peak Temp
(2)
(6)
(3)
Op Temp (°C)
Device Marking
(4/5)
DS100RT410SQ/NOPB
ACTIVE
WQFN
RHS
48
1000
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
CU SN
Level-3-260C-168 HR
-40 to 85
100RT410
DS100RT410SQE/NOPB
ACTIVE
WQFN
RHS
48
250
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
CU SN
Level-3-260C-168 HR
-40 to 85
100RT410
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)
Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability
information and additional product content details.
TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.
Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that
lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.
Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between
the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above.
Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight
in homogeneous material)
(3)
MSL, Peak Temp. - The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature.
(4)
There may be additional marking, which relates to the logo, the lot trace code information, or the environmental category on the device.
(5)
Multiple Device Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Device Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a continuation
of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Device Marking for that device.
(6)
Lead/Ball Finish - Orderable Devices may have multiple material finish options. Finish options are separated by a vertical ruled line. Lead/Ball Finish values may wrap to two lines if the finish
value exceeds the maximum column width.
Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information
provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and
continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals.
TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release.
Addendum-Page 1
Samples
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
16-Aug-2015
In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.
Addendum-Page 2
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com
19-Aug-2015
TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION
*All dimensions are nominal
Device
Package Package Pins
Type Drawing
SPQ
Reel
Reel
A0
Diameter Width (mm)
(mm) W1 (mm)
B0
(mm)
K0
(mm)
P1
(mm)
W
Pin1
(mm) Quadrant
DS100RT410SQ/NOPB
WQFN
RHS
48
1000
330.0
16.4
7.3
7.3
1.3
12.0
16.0
Q1
DS100RT410SQE/NOPB
WQFN
RHS
48
250
178.0
16.4
7.3
7.3
1.3
12.0
16.0
Q1
Pack Materials-Page 1
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com
19-Aug-2015
*All dimensions are nominal
Device
Package Type
Package Drawing
Pins
SPQ
Length (mm)
Width (mm)
Height (mm)
DS100RT410SQ/NOPB
WQFN
RHS
48
1000
367.0
367.0
38.0
DS100RT410SQE/NOPB
WQFN
RHS
48
250
213.0
191.0
55.0
Pack Materials-Page 2
MECHANICAL DATA
RHS0048A
SQA48A (Rev B)
www.ti.com
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