Melexis MLX90614ESF-AAA-000-TU Single and dual zone infra red thermometer in to-39 Datasheet

MLX90614 family
Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
Features and Benefits
Applications Examples
Small size, low cost
Easy to integrate
Factory calibrated in wide temperature range:
-40…+125˚C for sensor temperature and
-70…+380˚C for object temperature.
High accuracy of 0.5°C in a wide temperature
range (0…+50°C for both Ta and To)
High (medical) accuracy calibration
Measurement resolution of 0.02°C
Single and dual zone versions
SMBus compatible digital interface
Customizable PWM output for continuous
reading
Available in 3V and 5V versions
Simple adaptation for 8…16V applications
Sleep mode for reduced power consumption
Different package options for applications and
measurements versatility
Automotive grade
High precision non-contact temperature
measurements
Thermal Comfort sensor for Mobile Air
Conditioning control system
Temperature sensing element for residential,
commercial and industrial building air
conditioning
Windshield defogging
Automotive blind angle detection
Industrial temperature control of moving parts
Temperature control in printers and copiers
Home appliances with temperature control
Healthcare
Livestock monitoring
Movement detection
Multiple zone temperature control – up to 127
sensors can be read via common 2 wires
Thermal relay / alert
Body temperature measurement
Ordering Information
Part No.
Temperature
Package
- Option Code
Standard Packing
Code
Code
part
form
-X X X
MLX90614
SF (TO-39)
(1) (2) (3)
-000
-TU
E (-40°C...85°C)
K (-40°C…125°C)
(1) Supply Voltage/ Accuracy
(2) Number of thermopiles:
(3) Package options:
A - 5V
A – single zone
A – Standard package
B - 3V
B – dual zone
B – Reserved
C - Reserved
C – gradient compensated* C – 35° FOV
D - 3V medical accuracy
D/E – Reserved
F – 10° FOV
G – Reserved
H – 12° FOV (refractive lens)
I – 5° FOV
Example:
MLX90614ESF-BAA-000-TU
* : See page 2
1 Functional diagram
MLX90614Axx: Vdd=4.5...5.5V
J1
1 MLX90614
SCL
U1
SCL
Vz
SDA
Vdd
GND
PWM
2 SDA
Vss 4
Vdd
3
C1
0.1uF
CON1
C1 value and type may differ
in different applications
for optimum EMC
MLX90614 connection to SMBus
Figure 1: Typical application schematics
3901090614
Rev 009
2 General Description
The MLX90614 is an Infra Red thermometer for non
contact temperature measurements. Both the IR sensitive
thermopile detector chip and the signal conditioning ASSP
are integrated in the same TO-39 can.
Thanks to its low noise amplifier, 17-bit ADC and
powerful DSP unit, a high accuracy and resolution of the
thermometer is achieved.
The thermometer comes factory calibrated with a digital
PWM and SMBus (System Management Bus) output.
As a standard, the 10-bit PWM is configured to
continuously transmit the measured temperature in range
of -20…120˚C, with an output resolution of 0.14˚C.
The factory default POR setting is SMBus.
Page 1 of 52
Data Sheet
June 29, 2015
MLX90614 family
Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
General description (continued)
The MLX90614 is built from 2 chips developed and manufactured by Melexis:
•
The Infra Red thermopile detector MLX81101
•
The signal conditioning ASSP MLX90302, specially designed to process the output of IR sensor.
The device is available in an industry standard TO-39 package.
Thanks to the low noise amplifier, high resolution 17-bit ADC and powerful DSP unit of MLX90302 high
accuracy and resolution of the thermometer is achieved. The calculated object and ambient temperatures are
available in RAM of MLX90302 with resolution of 0.01˚C. They are accessible by 2 wire serial SMBus
compatible protocol (0.02°C resolution) or via 10-bit PWM (Pulse Width Modulated) output of the device.
The MLX90614 is factory calibrated in wide temperature ranges: -40…125˚C for the ambient
temperature and -70…380˚C for the object temperature.
The measured value is the average temperature of all objects in the Field Of View of the sensor. The
MLX90614 offers a standard accuracy of ±0.5˚C around room temperatures. A special version for medical
applications exists offering an accuracy of ±0.2˚C in a limited temperature range around the human body
temperature.
It is very important for the application designer to understand that these accuracies are only guaranteed
and achievable when the sensor is in thermal equilibrium and under isothermal conditions (there are no
temperature differences across the sensor package). The accuracy of the thermometer can be influenced by
temperature differences in the package induced by causes like (among others): Hot electronics behind the
sensor, heaters/coolers behind or beside the sensor or by a hot/cold object very close to the sensor that not
only heats the sensing element in the thermometer but also the thermometer package.
This effect is especially relevant for thermometers with a small FOV like the xxC and xxF as the energy
received by the sensor from the object is reduced. Therefore, Melexis has introduced the xCx version of the
MLX90614. In these MLX90614xCx, the thermal gradients are measured internally and the measured
temperature is compensated for them. In this way, the xCx version of the MLX90614 is much less sensitive to
thermal gradients, but the effect is not totally eliminated. It is therefore important to avoid the causes of thermal
gradients as much as possible or to shield the sensor from them.
As a standard, the MLX90614 is calibrated for an object emissivity of 1. It can be easily customized by
the customer for any other emissivity in the range 0.1…1.0 without the need of recalibration with a black body.
The 10-bit PWM is as a standard configured to transmit continuously the measured object temperature
for an object temperature range of -20…120˚C with an output resolution of 0.14˚C. The PWM can be easily
customized for virtually any range desired by the customer by changing the content of 2 EEPROM cells. This
has no effect on the factory calibration of the device.
The PWM pin can also be configured to act as a thermal relay (input is To), thus allowing for an easy
and cost effective implementation in thermostats or temperature (freezing / boiling) alert applications. The
temperature threshold is user programmable. In a SMBus system this feature can act as a processor interrupt
that can trigger reading all slaves on the bus and to determine the precise condition.
The thermometer is available in 2 supply voltage options: 5V compatible or 3V (battery) compatible.
The 5V can be easily adopted to operate from a higher supply voltage (8…16V, for example) by use of few
external components (refer to “Applications information” section for details).
An optical filter (long-wave pass) that cuts off the visible and near infra-red radiant flux is integrated in
the package to provide ambient and sunlight immunity. The wavelength pass band of this optical filter is from
5.5 till 14µm (except for xCH and xCI type of devices which incorporate uncoated silicon lens).
3901090614
Rev 009
Page 2 of 52
Data Sheet
June 29, 2015
MLX90614 family
Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
3 Table of Contents
1 Functional diagram ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
2 General Description .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Table of Contents ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
4 Glossary of Terms ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
5 Maximum ratings ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 4
6 Pin definitions and descriptions................................................................................................................................................................... 5
7 Electrical Specifications .............................................................................................................................................................................. 6
7.1 MLX90614Axx ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
7.2 MLX90614Bxx, MLX90614Dxx ............................................................................................................................................................ 8
8 Detailed description .................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
8.1 Block diagram ................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
8.2 Signal processing principle ................................................................................................................................................................ 10
8.3 Block description ............................................................................................................................................................................... 11
8.3.1 Amplifier..................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
8.3.2 Supply regulator and POR ......................................................................................................................................................... 11
8.3.3 EEPROM ................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
8.3.4 RAM........................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
8.4 SMBus compatible 2-wire protocol .................................................................................................................................................... 14
8.4.1 Functional description ................................................................................................................................................................ 14
8.4.2 Differences with the standard SMBus specification (reference [1]) ............................................................................................. 15
8.4.3 Detailed description.................................................................................................................................................................... 15
8.4.4 Bit transfer ................................................................................................................................................................................. 16
8.4.5 Commands ................................................................................................................................................................................ 17
8.4.6 SMBus communication examples .............................................................................................................................................. 17
8.4.7 Timing specification.................................................................................................................................................................... 18
8.4.8 Sleep Mode................................................................................................................................................................................ 19
8.4.9 MLX90614 SMBus specific remarks ........................................................................................................................................... 20
8.5 PWM ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 21
8.5.1 Single PWM format .................................................................................................................................................................... 22
8.5.2 Extended PWM format ............................................................................................................................................................... 23
8.5.3 Customizing the temperature range for PWM output .................................................................................................................. 24
8.6 Switching Between PWM / Thermal relay and SMBus communication .............................................................................................. 26
8.6.1 PWM is enabled ......................................................................................................................................................................... 26
8.6.2 Request condition ...................................................................................................................................................................... 26
8.6.3 PWM is disabled ........................................................................................................................................................................ 26
8.7 Computation of ambient and object temperatures.............................................................................................................................. 27
8.7.1 Ambient temperature Ta ............................................................................................................................................................ 27
8.7.2 Object temperature To ............................................................................................................................................................... 27
8.7.3 Calculation flow .......................................................................................................................................................................... 28
8.8 Thermal relay .................................................................................................................................................................................... 30
9 Unique Features ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 31
10 Performance Graphs .............................................................................................................................................................................. 32
10.1 Temperature accuracy of the MLX90614 ......................................................................................................................................... 32
10.1.1 Standard accuracy ................................................................................................................................................................... 32
10.1.2 Medical accuracy ..................................................................................................................................................................... 33
10.1.3 Temperature reading dependence on VDD ................................................................................................................................ 33
10.2 Field Of View (FOV) ........................................................................................................................................................................ 35
11 Applications Information.......................................................................................................................................................................... 39
11.1 Use of the MLX90614 thermometer in SMBus configuration ............................................................................................................ 39
11.2 Use of multiple MLX90614s in SMBus configuration ........................................................................................................................ 39
11.3 PWM output operation ..................................................................................................................................................................... 40
11.4 Thermal alert / thermostat................................................................................................................................................................ 40
11.5 High voltage source operation ......................................................................................................................................................... 41
12 Application Comments ............................................................................................................................................................................ 42
13 Standard information regarding manufacturability of Melexis products with different soldering processes ............................................... 44
14 ESD Precautions .................................................................................................................................................................................... 44
15 FAQ ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 45
16 Package Information ............................................................................................................................................................................... 47
16.1 MLX90614xxA ................................................................................................................................................................................. 47
16.2 MLX90614xCC ................................................................................................................................................................................ 47
16.3 MLX90614xCF ................................................................................................................................................................................ 48
16.4 MLX90614xCH ................................................................................................................................................................................ 48
16.5 MLX90614xCI ................................................................................................................................................................................. 49
16.6 Part marking .................................................................................................................................................................................... 49
16.7 Operating and storage humidity range ............................................................................................................................................. 49
17 Table of figures ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 50
18 References ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 51
19 Disclaimer............................................................................................................................................................................................... 51
3901090614
Rev 009
Page 3 of 52
Data Sheet
June 29, 2015
MLX90614 family
Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
4 Glossary of Terms
PTAT
POR
HFO
DSP
FIR
IIR
IR
PWM
DC
FOV
SDA,SCL
Ta
To
ESD
EMC
ASSP
TBD
Proportional To Absolute Temperature sensor (package temperature)
Power On Reset
High Frequency Oscillator (RC type)
Digital Signal Processing
Finite Impulse Response. Digital filter
Infinite Impulse Response. Digital filter
Infra-Red
Pulse With Modulation
Duty Cycle (of the PWM) ; Direct Current (for settled conditions specifications)
Field Of View
Serial DAta, Serial CLock – SMBus compatible communication pins
Ambient Temperature measured from the chip – (the package temperature)
Object Temperature, ‘seen’ from IR sensor
Electro-Static Discharge
Electro-Magnetic Compatibility
Application Specific Standard Product
To Be Defined
Note: sometimes the MLX90614xxx is referred as “the module”.
5 Maximum ratings
Parameter
Supply Voltage, VDD (over voltage)
Supply Voltage, VDD (operating)
Reverse Voltage
Operating Temperature Range, TA
Storage Temperature Range, TS
ESD Sensitivity (AEC Q100 002)
DC current into SCL / Vz (Vz mode)
DC sink current, SDA / PWM pin
DC source current, SDA / PWM pin
DC clamp current, SDA / PWM pin
DC clamp current, SCL pin
MLX90614ESF-Axx
MLX90614ESF-Bxx
MLX90614ESF-Dxx
MLX90614KSF-Axx
7V
5.5 V
5V
3.6V
0.4 V
7V
5.5V
-40…+125°C
-40…+125°C
-40…+85°C
-40…+125°C
2kV
2 mA
25 mA
25 mA
25 mA
25 mA
Table 1: Absolute maximum ratings for MLX90614
Exceeding the absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage.
Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
3901090614
Rev 009
Page 4 of 52
Data Sheet
June 29, 2015
MLX90614 family
Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
6 Pin definitions and descriptions
4 - VSS
3 - VDD
1 - SCL / Vz
2 - SDA / PWM
Bottom view
Figure 2: Pin description
Pin Name
SCL / Vz
SDA / PWM
Function
Serial clock input for 2 wire communications protocol. 5.7V zener is available at this
pin for connection of external bipolar transistor to MLX90614Axx to supply the device
from external 8 …16V source.
Digital input / output. In normal mode the measured object temperature is available at
this pin Pulse Width Modulated.
In SMBus compatible mode the pin is automatically configured as open drain NMOS.
VDD
External supply voltage.
VSS
Ground. The metal can is also connected to this pin.
Table 2: Pin description MLX90614
Note: for +12V (+8…+16V) powered operation refer to the Application information section. For EMC and
isothermal conditions reasons it is highly recommended not to use any electrical connection to the metal can
except by the VSS pin.
With the SCL / Vz and PWM / SDA pins operated in 2-wire interface mode, the input Schmidt trigger function is
automatically enabled.
3901090614
Rev 009
Page 5 of 52
Data Sheet
June 29, 2015
MLX90614 family
Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
7 Electrical Specifications
7.1 MLX90614Axx
All parameters are valid for TA = 25 ˚C, VDD =5V (unless otherwise specified)
Parameter
Symbol
Test Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Units
4.5
5
5.5
V
Supplies
External supply
VDD
Supply current
IDD
No load
1.3
2
mA
Supply current
(programming)
IDDpr
No load, erase/write EEPROM
operations
1.5
2.5
mA
Zener voltage
Vz
Iz = 75…1000µA (Ta=room)
5.5
5.7
5.9
V
Zener voltage
Vz(Ta)
Iz = 70…1000µA,
full temperature range
5.15
5.7
6.24
V
POR level
VPOR_up
Power-up (full temp range)
1.4
1.75
1.95
V
POR level
VPOR_down
Power –down (full temp range)
1.3
1.7
1.9
V
POR hysteresis
VDD rise time (10% to 90%
of specified supply voltage)
VPOR_hys
Full temp range
0.08
0.1
1.15
V
TPOR
Ensure POR signal
20
ms
Tvalid
After POR
Power On Reset
Output valid
(result in RAM)
0.25
s
10
bit
1.024
ms
1
Pulse width modulation
PWM resolution
PWMres
PWM output period
PWMT,def
PWM period stability
dPWMT
Data band
Factory default, internal
oscillator factory calibrated
Internal oscillator factory
calibrated, over the entire
operation range and supply
voltage
-10
+10
%
VSS+0.2
V
Output high Level
PWMHI
Isource = 2 mA
Output low Level
PWMLO
Isink = 2 mA
VDD-0.2
V
Output drive current
IdrivePWM
Vout,H = VDD - 0.8V
7
mA
Output sink current
IsinkPWM
Vout,L = 0.8V
13.5
mA
Continued on next page
3901090614
Rev 009
Page 6 of 52
Data Sheet
June 29, 2015
MLX90614 family
Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
Parameter
Symbol
Test Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Units
2
SMBus compatible 2-wire interface
Input high voltage
VIH (Ta, V)
Over temperature and supply
Input low voltage
VIL (Ta, V)
Over temperature and supply
3
0.6
V
V
Output low voltage
VOL
Over temperature and supply,
Isink = 2mA
0.2
V
SCL leakage
ISCL, leak
VSCL=4V, Ta=+85°C
30
µA
VSDA=4V, Ta=+85°C
SDA leakage
ISDA, leak
0.3
µA
SCL capacitance
CSCL
10
pF
SDA capacitance
CSDA
10
pF
5A
Slave address
SA
Factory default
Wake up request
twake
SDA low
33
SMBus Request
tREQ
SCL low
1.44
Timeout, low
Timeout,L
SCL low
27
45
hex
ms
ms
33
ms
Timeout, high
Timeout,H
SCL high
55
µs
Acknowledge setup time
Tsuac(MD)
8-th SCL falling edge, Master
1.5
µs
Acknowledge hold time
Thdac(MD)
9-th SCL falling edge, Master
1.5
µs
Acknowledge setup time
Tsuac(SD)
8-th SCL falling edge, Slave
2.5
µs
Acknowledge hold time
Thdac(SD)
9-th SCL falling edge, Slave
1.5
µs
EEPROM
Data retention
Ta = +85°C
10
years
Erase/write cycles
Ta = +25°C
100,000
Times
Ta = +125°C
10,000
Erase/write cycles
Times
Erase cell time
Terase
5
ms
Write cell time
Twrite
5
ms
Table 3: Electrical specification MLX90614Axx
Notes: All the communication and refresh rate timings are given for the nominal calibrated HFO frequency and
will vary with this frequency’s variations.
1. With large capacitive load lower PWM frequency is recommended. Thermal relay output (when
configured) has the PWM DC specification and can be programmed as push-pull, or NMOS open drain. PWM is
free-running, power-up factory default is SMBus, refer to section 8.6, “Switching between PWM and SMBus
communication” for more details.
2. For SMBus compatible interface on 12V application refer to Application information section. SMBus
compatible interface is described in details in the SMBus detailed description section. Maximum number of
MLX90614 devices on one bus is 127, higher pull-up currents are recommended for higher number of devices,
faster bus data transfer rates, and increased reactive loading of the bus.
MLX90614 is always a slave device on the bus. MLX90614 can work in both low-power and high-power SMBus
communication.
All voltages are referred to the Vss (ground) unless otherwise noted.
Sleep mode is not available on the 5V version (MLX90614Axx).
3901090614
Rev 009
Page 7 of 52
Data Sheet
June 29, 2015
MLX90614 family
Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
7.2 MLX90614Bxx, MLX90614Dxx
All parameters are valid for TA = 25 ˚C, VDD =3V (unless otherwise specified)
Parameter
Symbol
Test Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Supplies
External supply
VDD
3
3.6
V
Supply current
IDD
No load
2.6
1.3
2
mA
Supply current
(programming)
IDDpr
No load, erase / write EEPROM
operations
1.5
2.5
mA
Sleep mode current
Isleep
no load
1
2.5
5
µA
Sleep mode current
Isleep
Full temperature range
1
2.5
6
µA
POR level
VPOR_up
Power-up (full temp range)
1.4
1.75
1.95
V
Power On Reset
POR level
VPOR_down
Power –down (full temp range)
1.3
1.7
1.9
V
POR hysteresis
VDD rise time
(10% to 90% of
specified supply voltage)
VPOR_hys
Full temp range
0.08
0.1
1.15
V
TPOR
Ensure POR signal
20
ms
Output valid
Tvalid
After POR
0.25
s
1
Pulse width modulation
PWM resolution
PWMres
Data band
10
bit
PWM output period
PWMT,def
Factory default, internal
oscillator factory calibrated
1.024
ms
Output high Level
PWMHI
Internal oscillator factory
calibrated, over the entire
operation range and supply
voltage
Isource = 2 mA
Output low Level
PWMLO
Isink = 2 mA
Output drive current
IdrivePWM
Vout,H = VDD - 0.8V
4.5
mA
Output sink current
IsinkPWM
Vout,L = 0.8V
11
mA
PWM period stability
dPWMT
-10
+10
%
VSS+0.25
V
VDD-0.25
V
Continued on next page
3901090614
Rev 009
Page 8 of 52
Data Sheet
June 29, 2015
MLX90614 family
Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
Parameter
Symbol
Test Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Units
2
SMBus compatible 2-wire interface
Input high voltage
VIH(Ta,V)
Over temperature and supply
Input low voltage
VIL(Ta,V)
Over temperature and supply
VDD-0.1
0.6
V
V
Output low voltage
VOL
Over temperature and supply,
Isink = 2mA
0.25
V
SCL leakage
ISCL,leak
VSCL=3V, Ta=+85°C
20
µA
VSDA=3V, Ta=+85°C
SDA leakage
ISDA,leak
0.25
µA
SCL capacitance
CSCL
10
pF
SDA capacitance
CSDA
10
pF
Slave address
SA
Factory default
Wake up request
twake
SDA low
33
5A
SMBus Request
tREQ
SCL low
1.44
Timeout,low
Timeout,L
SCL low
27
45
hex
ms
ms
33
ms
Timeout, high
Timeout,H
SCL high
55
µs
Acknowledge setup time
Tsuac(MD)
8-th SCL falling edge, Master
1.5
µs
Acknowledge hold time
Thdac(MD)
9-th SCL falling edge, Master
1.5
µs
Acknowledge setup time
Tsuac(SD)
8-th SCL falling edge, Slave
2.5
µs
Acknowledge hold time
Thdac(SD)
9-th SCL falling edge, Slave
1.5
µs
EEPROM
Data retention
Ta = +85°C
10
years
Erase/write cycles
Ta = +25°C
100,000
Times
Erase/write cycles
Ta = +125°C
10,000
Times
Erase cell time
Terase
5
ms
Write cell time
Twrite
5
ms
Table 4: Electrical specification MLX90614Bxx, Dxx
Note: refer to MLX90614Axx notes.
3901090614
Rev 009
Page 9 of 52
Data Sheet
June 29, 2015
MLX90614 family
Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
8 Detailed description
8.1 Block diagram
81101
OPA
ADC
DSP
PWM
t°
STATE MACHINE
Voltage
Regulator
90302
Figure 3: Block diagram
8.2 Signal processing principle
The operation of the MLX90614 is controlled by an internal state machine, which controls the
measurements and calculations of the object and ambient temperatures and does the post-processing of the
temperatures to output them through the PWM output or the SMBus compatible interface.
The ASSP supports 2 IR sensors (second one not implemented in the MLX90614xAx).The output of the
IR sensors is amplified by a low noise low offset chopper amplifier with programmable gain, converted by a
Sigma Delta modulator to a single bit stream and fed to a powerful DSP for further processing. The signal is
treated by programmable (by means of EEPROM contend) FIR and IIR low pass filters for further reduction of
the band width of the input signal to achieve the desired noise performance and refresh rate. The output of the
IIR filter is the measurement result and is available in the internal RAM. 3 different cells are available: One for
the on-board temperature sensor and 2 for the IR sensors.
Based on results of the above measurements, the corresponding ambient temperature Ta and object
temperatures To are calculated. Both calculated temperatures have a resolution of 0.01˚C. The data for Ta and
To can be read in two ways: Reading RAM cells dedicated for this purpose via the 2-wire interface (0.02°C
resolution, fixed ranges), or through the PWM digital output (10 bit resolution, configurable range).
In the last step of the measurement cycle, the measured Ta and To are rescaled to the desired output
resolution of the PWM) and the recalculated data is loaded in the registers of the PWM state machine, which
creates a constant frequency with a duty cycle representing the measured data.
3901090614
Rev 009
Page 10 of 52
Data Sheet
June 29, 2015
MLX90614 family
Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
8.3 Block description
8.3.1 Amplifier
A low noise, low offset amplifier with programmable gain is used for amplifying the IR sensor voltage.
By carefully designing the input modulator and balanced input impedance, the max offset of the system is
0.5µV.
8.3.2 Supply regulator and POR
The module can operate from 3 different supplies:
VDD = 5V
MLX90614Axx
VDD = 3.3V
MLX90614Bxx (battery or regulated supply)
VDD = 8…16V
MLX90614Axx few external components are necessary please refer to “Applications
information” section for information about adopting higher voltage supplies.
The Power On Reset (POR) is connected to Vdd supply. The on-chip POR circuit provides an active (high) level
of the POR signal when the Vdd voltage rises above approximately 0.5V and holds the entire MLX90614 in
reset until the Vdd is higher than the specified POR threshold VPOR . During the time POR is active, the POR
signal is available as an open drain at the PWM/SDA pin. After the MLX90614 exits the POR condition, the
function programmed in EEPROM takes precedence for that pin.
8.3.3 EEPROM
A limited number of addresses in the EEPROM memory can be changed by the customer. The whole
EEPROM can be read through the SMBus interface.
EEPROM (32X16)
Name
Address
Write access
0x00
0x01
0x02
0x03
0x04
0x05
0x06
…
0x0D
0x0E
0x0F
0x10
…
0x18
0x19
0x1A
0x1B
0x1C
0x1D
0x1E
0x1F
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
…
No
Yes
Yes
No
…
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
Tomax
Tomin
PWMCTRL
Ta range
Emissivity correction coefficient
Config Register1
Melexis reserved
…
Melexis reserved
SMBus address (LSByte only)
Melexis reserved
Melexis reserved
…
Melexis reserved
Melexis reserved
Melexis reserved
Melexis reserved
ID number
ID number
ID number
ID number
Table 5: EEPROM table
The addresses Tomax, Tomin and Ta range are for customer dependent object and ambient temperature
ranges. For details see section 8.5.3 below in this document
The address Emissivity contains the object emissivity (factory default 1.0 = 0xFFFF), 16 bit.
ε
Emissivity = dec2hex[ round( 65535 x ) ]
Where dec2hex[ round( X ) ] represents decimal to hexadecimal conversion with round-off to nearest value (not
ε
= 0.1…1.0.
truncation). In this case the physical emissivity values are
Erase (write 0) must take place before write of desired data is made.
3901090614
Rev 009
Page 11 of 52
Data Sheet
June 29, 2015
MLX90614 family
Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
PWM period configuration: Period in extended PWM mode is twice the period in single PWM mode.
In single PWM mode period is T = 1.024*P [ms], where P is the number, written in bits 15…9 PWMCTRL.
Maximum period is then 131.072 ms for single and 262.144 ms for extended. These values are typical and
depend on the on-chip RC oscillator absolute value. The duty cycle must be calculated instead of working only
with the high time only in order to avoid errors from the period absolute value deviations.
The address PWMCTRL consists of control bits for configuring the PWM/SDA pin as follows:
15 14 13 12 11 10
9
PWM control bit meaning
0
0 - PWM extended mode
1 - PWM single mode
0 - PWM mode disabled (EN_PWM)
1 - PWM mode enabled (EN_PWM)
0 - SDA pin configured as Open Drain (PPODB)
1 - SDA pin configured as Push-Pull (PPODB)
0 - PWM mode selected (TRPWMB)
1 - Thermal relay mode selected (TRPWMB)
- PWM repetition number 0…62 step 2
- PWM period 1.024*ms (Single PWM mode) or 2.048*ms (Extendet PWM mode)
multiplied by the number written in this place (128 in case the number is 0)
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
* Values are valid for nominal HFO frequency
Table 6: PWM control bits
The address ConfigRegister1 consists of control bits for configuring the analog and digital parts:
15 14 13 12 11 10
9
8
Config register bit meaning
2
1 0
1
0 0 - IIR (100%) a1=1, b1=0
1
0 1 - IIR (80%) a1=0.8, b1=0.2
1
1 0 - IIR (67%) a1=0.666, b1=0.333
1
1 1 - IIR (57%) a1=0.571, b1=0.428
0
0 0 - IIR (50%) a1=0.5, b1=0.5
0
0 1 - IIR (25%) a1=0.25, b1=0.75
0
1 0 - IIR (17%) a1=0.166(6), b1=0.83(3)
0
1 1 - IIR (13%) a1=0.125, b1=0.875
0 - Repeat sensor test "OFF"
1 - Repeat sensor test "ON"
0
0 - Ta, Tobj1
0
1 - Ta, Tobj2
1
0 - Tobj2
1
1 - Tobj1, Tobj2
0 - Single IR sensor
1 - Dual IR sensor
0 - Positive sign of Ks
7
6
5
4
3
1 - Negative sign of Ks
0 0 0 - FIR = 8 not recommended
0 0 1 - FIR = 16 not recommended
0 1 0 - FIR = 32 not recommended
0 1 1 - FIR = 64 not recommended
1 0 0 - FIR = 128
1 0 1 - FIR = 256
1 1 0 - FIR = 512
1 1 1 - FIR = 1024
0 0 0 - GAIN = 1 - Amplifier is bypassed
0 0 1 - GAIN = 3
0 1 0 - GAIN = 6
0 1 1 - GAIN = 12,5
1 0 0 - GAIN = 25
1 0 1 - GAIN = 50
1 1 0 - GAIN = 100
1 1 1 - GAIN = 100
0 - Positive sign of Kt2
1 - Negative sign of Kt2
0 - Enable sensor test
1 - Disable sensor test
Note: The following bits / registers should not be altered (except with special tools – contact Melexis for such
tools availability) in order to keep the factory calibration relevant:
Ke [15...0]; Config Register1 [14...11;7;3]; addresses 0x0F and 0x19.
Table 7: Configuration register 1
Check www.melexis.com for latest application notes with details on EEPROM settings.
3901090614
Rev 009
Page 12 of 52
Data Sheet
June 29, 2015
MLX90614 family
Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
On-chip filtering and settling time:
The MLX90614 features configurable on-chip digital filters. They allow customization for speed or noise.
Factory default configurations and the typical settling time and noise for the MLX90614 family are given below.
Device
Settling time, sec
Typical noise, °C rms
Spike limit
MLX90614AAA, BAA, DAA
MLX90614ABA, BBA
MLX90614ACC, BCC, DCC
MLX90614ACF, BCF
MLX90614DCH, DCI, BCH, BCI
0.10
0.14
0.14
1.33
0.65
0.05
0.07
0.18
0.10
0.10
100%
100%
100%
50%
80%
Table 8: factory default IIR and FIR configuration, settling time and typical noise
Details on the filters are given in the application note “Understanding MLX90614 on-chip digital signal
filters” available from www.melexis.com.
The evaluation board, EVB90614 supported by PC SW allows easy configuration of the filters, while not
requiring in-depth understanding of the EEPROM.
The available filter settings and the settling times are listed below. Settling time depends on three
configurations: single / dual zone, IIR filter settings and FIR filter settings. The FIR filter has a straight forward
effect on noise (4 times decreasing of filter strength increases the noise 2 times and vice versa. The IIR filter
provides an additional, spike limiting feature. Spike limit defines the level of magnitude to which the spike would
be limited – for example, 25% denotes that if a 20°C temperature delta spike is measured the temperature
reading by the MLX90614 will spike only 5°C.
IIR setting
FIR setting
xxx
100
100
100
100
101
101
101
101
110
110
110
110
111
111
111
111
000
000
000
000
001
001
001
001
010
010
010
010
011
011
011
011
000…011
100
101
110
111
100
101
110
111
100
101
110
111
100
101
110
111
100
101
110
111
100
101
110
111
100
101
110
111
100
101
110
111
Settling time (s)
90614xAx
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.10
0.12
0.16
0.22
0.35
0.24
0.30
0.43
0.70
0.26
0.34
0.48
0.78
0.30
0.37
0.54
0.86
0.70
0.88
1.30
2.00
1.10
1.40
2.00
3.30
1.50
1.90
2.80
4.50
Settling time (s)
90614xBx, 90614xCx
Not recommended
0.06
0.07
0.10
0.14
0.20
0.24
0.34
0.54
0.38
0.48
0.67
1.10
0.42
0.53
0.75
1.20
0.47
0.60
0.84
1.33
1.10
1.40
2.00
3.20
1.80
2.20
3.20
5.00
2.40
3.00
4.30
7.00
Spike limit
100.00%
100.00%
100.00%
100.00%
80.00%
80.00%
80.00%
80.00%
66.70%
66.70%
66.70%
66.70%
57.00%
57.00%
57.00%
57.00%
50.00%
50.00%
50.00%
50.00%
25.00%
25.00%
25.00%
25.00%
16.70%
16.70%
16.70%
16.70%
12.50%
12.50%
12.50%
12.50%
Table 9: possible IIR and FIR settings
Note: Settling time is in seconds and depends on internal oscillator absolute value.
100% spike limit appears with the IIR filter bypassed, and there is no spike limitation.
3901090614
Rev 009
Page 13 of 52
Data Sheet
June 29, 2015
MLX90614 family
Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
8.3.4 RAM
It is not possible to write into the RAM memory. It can only be read and only a limited number of RAM
registers are of interest to the customer.
RAM (32x17)
Address
Name
Melexis reserved
…
Melexis reserved
Raw data IR channel 1
Raw data IR channel 2
TA
TOBJ1
TOBJ2
Melexis reserved
…
Melexis reserved
Read access
0x00
…
0x03
0x04
0x05
0x06
0x07
0x08
0x09
…
0x1F
Yes
…
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
…
Yes
Table 10: Ram addresses
8.4 SMBus compatible 2-wire protocol
The chip supports a 2 wires serial protocol, build with pins PWM / SDA and SCL.
•
SCL – digital input only, used as the clock for SMBus compatible communication. This pin has the
auxiliary function for building an external voltage regulator. When the external voltage regulator is used,
the 2-wire protocol is available only if the power supply regulator is overdriven.
• PWM / SDA – Digital input / output, used for both the PWM output of the measured object
temperature(s) or the digital input / output for the SMBus. In PWM mode the pin can be programmed in
EEPROM to operate as Push / Pull or open drain NMOS (open drain NMOS is factory default). In
SMBus mode SDA is forced to open drain NMOS I/O, push-pull selection bit defines PWM / Thermal
relay operation.
SMBus communication with MLX90614 is covered in details in application notes, available from
www.melexis.com.
8.4.1 Functional description
The SMBus interface is a 2-wire protocol, allowing communication between the Master Device (MD)
and one or more Slave Devices (SD). In the system only one master can be presented at any given time [1].
The MLX90614 can only be used as a slave device.
Generally, the MD initiates the start of data transfer by selecting a SD through the Slave Address (SA).
The MD has read access to the RAM and EEPROM and write access to 9 EEPROM cells (at addresses
0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05*, 0x0E, 0x0F, 0x09). If the access to the MLX90614 is a read operation it
will respond with 16 data bits and 8 bit PEC only if its own slave address, programmed in internal EEPROM, is
equal to the SA, sent by the master. The SA feature allows connecting up to 127 devices (SA=0x00…0x07F)
with only 2 wires, unless the system has some of the specific features described in paragraph 5.2 of reference
[1]. In order to provide access to any device or to assign an address to a SD before it is connected to the bus
system, the communication must start with zero SA followed by low R/W̄ bit. When this command is sent from
the MD, the MLX90614 will always respond and will ignore the internal chip code information.
Special care must be taken not to put two MLX90614 devices with the same SA on the same bus
as MLX90614 does not support ARP [1].
The MD can force the MLX90614 into low consumption mode “sleep mode” (3V version only).
Read flags like “EEBUSY” (1 – EEPROM is busy with executing the previous write/erase), “EE_DEAD” (1 –
there is fatal EEPROM error and this chip is not functional**).
3901090614
Rev 009
Page 14 of 52
Data Sheet
June 29, 2015
MLX90614 family
Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
Note*: This address is readable and writable. Bit 3 should not be altered as this will cancel the factory
calibration.
Note**: EEPROM error signaling is implemented in automotive grade parts only.
8.4.2 Differences with the standard SMBus specification (reference [1])
There are eleven command protocols for standard SMBus interface. The MLX90614 supports only two of
them. Not supported commands are:
• Quick Command
• Byte commands - Sent Byte, Receive Byte, Write Byte and Read Byte
• Process Call
• Block commands – Block Write and Write-Block Read Process Call
Supported commands are:
• Read Word
• Write Word
8.4.3 Detailed description
The PWM / SDA pin of MLX90614 can operate also as PWM output, depending on the EEPROM
settings. If PWM is enabled, after POR the PWM / SDA pin is directly configured as PWM output. Even if the
device is in PWM mode SMBus communication may be restored by a special command. That is why hereafter
both modes are treated separately.
8.4.3.1 Bus Protocol
1
7
S
Slave Address
1
1
Wr A
S
Start Condition
Sr
Repeated Start Condition
Rd
Read (bit value of 1)
Wr
Write (bit value of 0)
8
1
1
Data Byte
A
P
A
Acknowledge (this bit can be 0 for ACK and 1 for NACK)
S
Stop Condition
PEC
Packet Error Code
Master-to-Slave
Slave-to-Master
Figure 4: SMBus packet element key
After every received 8 bits the SD should issue ACK or NACK. When a MD initiates communication, it
first sends the address of the slave and only the SD which recognizes the address will ACK, the rest will remain
silent. In case the SD NACKs one of the bytes, the MD should stop the communication and repeat the
message. A NACK could be received after the PEC. This means that there is an error in the received message
and the MD should try sending the message again. The PEC calculation includes all bits except the START,
3901090614
Rev 009
Page 15 of 52
Data Sheet
June 29, 2015
MLX90614 family
Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
REPEATED START, STOP, ACK, and NACK bits. The PEC is a CRC-8 with polynomial X8+X2+X1+1. The
Most Significant Bit of every byte is transferred first.
8.4.3.1.1 Read Word (depending on the command – RAM or EEPROM)
1
S
7
1
Slave Address
………..
1
8
Wr A
1
1
Command
A Sr
7
1
Slave Address
1
Rd A
8
1
8
1
8
1
1
Data Byte Low
A
Data Byte High
A
PEC
A
P
………..
Figure 5: SMBus read word format
8.4.3.1.2 Write Word (depending on the command – RAM or EEPROM)
1
………..
7
8
1
Wr A
Command
A
1
1
………..
S
Slave Address
8
1
8
1
8
1
1
Data Byte Low
A
Data Byte High
A
PEC
A
P
Figure 6: SMBus write word format
8.4.4 Bit transfer
Changing data
SDA
SCL
Sampling data
Figure 7: Recommended timing on SMBus
3901090614
Rev 009
Page 16 of 52
Data Sheet
June 29, 2015
MLX90614 family
Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
The data on PWM / SDA must be changed when SCL is low (min 300ns after the falling edge of SCL).
The data is fetched by both MD and SDs on the rising edge of the SCL. The recommended timing for changing
data is in the middle of the period when the SCL is low.
8.4.5 Commands
RAM and EEPROM can be read both with 32x16 sizes. If the RAM is read, the data are divided by two,
due to a sign bit in RAM (for example, TO1 - RAM address 0x07 will sweep between 0x27AD to 0x7FFF as the
object temperature rises from -70.01°C to +382.19°C). The MSB read from RAM is an error flag (active high) for
the linearized temperatures (TO1, TO2 and Ta). The MSB for the raw data (e.g. IR sensor1 data) is a sign bit
(sign and magnitude format). A write of 0x0000 must be done prior to writing in EEPROM in order to erase the
EEPROM cell content. Refer to EEPROM detailed description for factory calibration EEPROM locations that
need to be kept unaltered.
Opcode
000x xxxx*
001x xxxx*
1111_0000**
1111_1111
Command
RAM Access
EEPROM Access
Read Flags
Enter SLEEP mode
Table 11: SMBus commands
Note*: The xxxxx represent the 5 LSBits of the memory map address to be read / written.
Note**: Behaves like read command. The MLX90614 returns PEC after 16 bits data of which only 4 are
meaningful and if the MD wants it, it can stop the communication after the first byte. The difference between
read and read flags is that the latter does not have a repeated start bit.
Flags read are:
Data[7] - EEBUSY - the previous write/erase EEPROM access is still in progress. High active.
Data[6] - Unused
Data[5] - EE_DEAD - EEPROM double error has occurred. High active.
Data[4] - INIT - POR initialization routine is still ongoing. Low active.
Data[3] - Not implemented.
Data[2...0] and Data[8...15] - All zeros.
Flag read is a diagnostic feature. The MLX90614 can be used regardless of these flags.
For details and examples for SMBus communication with the MLX90614 check the www.melexis.com
8.4.6 SMBus communication examples
SA_W = 0xB4
Command = 0x07
SA_R = 0xB5
LSByte = 0xD2
MSByte = 0x3A
PEC = 0x30
SDA
S 1 0 1 1 0 1 0
W A 0
0 0 0 0 1 1 1 A
S 1 0 1 1 0 1 0
R A 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 A 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 A 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
0 A
P
SCL
Figure 8: Read word format (SA=0x5A, read RAM=0x07, result=0x3AD2, PEC=0x30)
SA_W = 0xB4
Command = 0x22
LSByte = 0x07
MSByte = 0xC8
PEC = 0x48
SDA
S 1 0 1 1 0 1 0
W A 0
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 A 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
1 A 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
0 A 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 A
P
SCL
Figure 9: Write word format (SA=0x5A, write EEPROM=0x02, data=0xC807, PEC=0x48)
3901090614
Rev 009
Page 17 of 52
Data Sheet
June 29, 2015
MLX90614 family
Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
8.4.7 Timing specification
The MLX90614 meets all the timing specifications of the SMBus [1]. The maximum frequency of the
MLX90614 SMBus is 100 KHz and the minimum is 10 KHz.
The specific timings in MLX90614’s SMBus are:
SMBus Request (tREQ ) is the time that the SCL should be forced low in order to switch MLX90614 from
PWM mode to SMBus mode – at least 1.44ms;
Timeout L is the maximum allowed time for SCL to be low during communication. After this time the
MLX90614 will reset its communication block and will be ready for new communication – not more than 27ms;
Timeout H is the maximum allowed time for SCL to be high during communication. After this time
MLX90614 will reset its communication block assuming that the bus is idle (according to the SMBus
specification) – not more than 45µs.
Tsuac(SD) is the time after the eighth falling edge of SCL that MLX90614 will force PWM / SDA low to
acknowledge the last received byte – not more than 2,5µs.
Thdac(SD) is the time after the ninth falling edge of SCL that MLX90614 will release the PWM / SDA
(so the MD can continue with the communication) – not more than 1,5µs.
Tsuac(MD) is the time after the eighth falling edge of SCL that MLX90614 will release PWM / SDA (so
that the MD can acknowledge the last received byte) – not more than 1,5µs.
Thdac(MD) is the time after the ninth falling edge of SCL that MLX90614 will take control of the PWM /
SDA (so it can continue with the next byte to transmit) – not more than 1,5µs.
The indexes MD and SD for the latest timings are used – MD when the master device is making
acknowledge; SD when the slave device is making acknowledge. For other timings see [1].
Tsuac
Thdac
SDA
1
SCL
0
1
1
2
0
3
1
4
0
5
1
6
1
7
> 27ms
> 45µs
Timeout_L
Timeout_H
ACK
8
9
MD < 1.5µs
SD < 2.5µs
MD < 1.5µs
SD < 1.5µs
Figure 10: SMBus timing specification and definition
3901090614
Rev 009
Page 18 of 52
Data Sheet
June 29, 2015
MLX90614 family
Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
8.4.8 Sleep Mode
The MLX90614 can enter in Sleep Mode via the command “Enter SLEEP mode” sent via the SMBus
interface. This mode is not available for the 5V supply version. There are two ways to put MLX90614 into
power-up default mode:
- POR
- By Wake up request
SCL pin high and then PWM/SDA pin low for at least tDDQ > 33ms
If EEPROM is configured for PWM (EN_PWM is high), the PWM interface will be selected after
awakening and if PWM control [2], PPODB is 1 the MLX90614 will output a PWM pulse train with pushpull output.
NOTE: In order to limit the current consumption to the typical 2.5µA Melexis recommends that the SCL pin is
kept low during sleep as there is leakage current trough the internal synthesized zener diode connected to SCL
pin. This may be achieved by configuring the MD driver of SCL pin as Push-Pull and not having Pull-Up resistor
connected on SCL line.
8.4.8.1 Enter Sleep Mode
Normal operation mode
SA_W = 0xB4
Command = 0xFF
Sleep mode
PEC = 0xE8
SDA
S 1 0 1 1 0 1 0
W A 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 A 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 A
P
SCL
Figure 11: Enter sleep mode command (SA = 0x5A, Command = 0xFF, PEC = 0xE8)
8.4.8.2 Exit from Sleep Mode (Wake up request)
Sleep mode
Normal mode
SDA
SCL
> 33ms
Figure 12: Exit Sleep Mode
After wake up the first data is available after 0.25 seconds (typ). On-chip IIR filter is skipped for the very
first measurement. All measurements afterwards pass the embedded digital filtering as configured in EEPROM.
Details on embedded filtering are available in application note “Understanding MLX90614 on-chip digital signal
filters”, available from www.melexis.com
3901090614
Rev 009
Page 19 of 52
Data Sheet
June 29, 2015
MLX90614 family
Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
8.4.9 MLX90614 SMBus specific remarks
The auxiliary functions of the SCL pin (zener diode) add undershoot to the clock pulse (5V devices
only) as shown in the picture below (see Figure 13). This undershoot is caused by the transient response of the
on-chip synthesized Zener diode. Typical duration of undershoot is approximately 15µs. An increased reactance
of the SCL line is likely to increase this effect. Undershoot does not affect the recognition of the SCL rising edge
by the MLX90914, but may affect proper operation of non-MLX90614 slaves on the same bus.
Figure 13: Undershoot of SCL line due to on chip synthesized Zener diode (5V versions only)
Continuous SMBus readings can introduce and error. As the SCL line inside TO39 package is passing
relatively close to the sensor input and error signal is induced to the sensor output. The manifestation of the
problem is wrong temperature readings. This is especially valid for narrow FOV devices. Possible solution is to
keep SDA and SCL line quiet for period longer than refresh rate and settling time defined by internal settings of
MLX90614 prior reading the temperature or switch to PWM signal and completely disconnect from SDA and
SCL line.
3901090614
Rev 009
Page 20 of 52
Data Sheet
June 29, 2015
MLX90614 family
Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
8.5 PWM
The MLX90614 can be read via PWM or SMBus compatible interface. Selection of PWM output is done
in EEPROM configuration (factory default is SMBus). PWM output has two programmable formats, single and
dual data transmission, providing single wire reading of two temperatures (dual zone object or object and
ambient). The PWM period is derived from the on-chip oscillator and is programmable.
Config Register[5:4]
00
01
11
10*
PWM1 data
TA
TA
TO1
TO2
PWM2 data
TO1
TO2
TO2
Undefined
Tmin,1
TA_range,L
TA_range,L
TO_MIN
TO_MIN
Tmax,1
TA_range,H
TA_range,H
TO_MAX
TO_MAX
Tmin,2
TO_MIN
TO_MIN
TO_MIN
N.A.
Tmax,2
TO_MAX
TO_MAX
TO_MAX
N.A.
Table 12: PMW configuration table
Note: Serial data functions (2-wire / PWM) are multiplexed with a thermal relay function (described in the
“Thermal relay” section).
* Not recommended for extended PWM format operation
t3
FE
Error band
Start
Valid data band
Stop
t1
t2
t4
1 T
8
5 T
8
13 T
16
0
Start
Valid data band
Sensor 1
t1
t2
FE
t3
Error band
Sensor 1
5 T
16
T
t7
Error band
Sensor 2
Valid data band
Sensor 2
Stop
t4
1 T
16
7 T
8
t5
FE
0
t6
7 T 8 T 9 T
16
16
16
t8
13 T
16
15 T
16
T
Figure 14: PWM timing single (above) and extended PWM (bellow)
PWM type
t1
t2
t3
t4
t5
t6
t7
t8
Single
1/8 – high
4/8 - var
2/8
1/8 – low
NA
NA
NA
NA
Extended - S1
1/16 - high
4/16 - var
2/16
1/16 - low
1/16 - low
4/16 – low
2/16 - low
1/16 - low
Extended - S2
1/16 - high
4/16 - high
2/16 - high
1/16 - high
1/16 - high
4/16 - var
2/16
1/16 - low
Table 13: PMW timing
3901090614
Rev 009
Page 21 of 52
Data Sheet
June 29, 2015
MLX90614 family
Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
8.5.1 Single PWM format
In single PWM output mode the settings for PWM1 data only are used. The temperature reading can be
calculated from the signal timing as:
 2t

TOUT =  2 × (TO _ MAX − TO _ MIN ) + TO _ MIN
 T

where Tmin and Tmax are the corresponding rescale coefficients in EEPROM for the selected temperature
output (Ta, object temperature range is valid for both Tobj1 and Tobj2 as specified in the previous table) and T
is the PWM period. Tout is TO1, TO2 or Ta according to Config Register [5:4] settings.
The different time intervals t1…t4 have following meaning:
t1: Start buffer. During this time the signal is always high. t1 = 0.125s x T (where T is the PWM period,
please refer to Figure 14).
t2: Valid Data Output Band, 0…1/2T. PWM output data resolution is 10 bit.
t3: Error band – information for fatal error in EEPROM (double error detected, not correctable).
t3 = 0.25s x T. Therefore a PWM pulse train with a duty cycle of 0.875 will indicate a fatal error in EEPROM (for
single PWM format). FE means Fatal Error.
Example:
Figure 15: PWM example single mode
TO _ MIN = 0°C
TO _ MAX = 50°C
TO _ MIN (EEPROM ,0 x 01) = 100 × (TO _ MIN + 273.15) = 27315d = 0 x 6 AB3
TO _ MAX (EEPROM ,0 x 00 ) = 100 × (TO _ MAX + 273.15) = 32315d = 0 x 7 E 3B
Captured PWM period is T = 1004µs
Captured high duration is t = 392 µs
Calculated duty cycle is:
D=
t
392
=
= 0.3904 or 39.04%
T 1004
The temperature is calculated as follows:
TO = 2 × (0.3904 − 0.125) × (50 − 0 ) + 0 = 2 × 0.2654 × 50 = 26.54°C
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Data Sheet
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MLX90614 family
Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
8.5.2 Extended PWM format
The PWM format for extended PWM is shown in Figure 16. Note that with bits DUAL[5:1]>0x00 each
period will be outputted 2N+1 times, where N is the decimal value of the number written in DUAL[5:1]
(DUAL[5:1] =PWM control & clock [8:4] ), like shown on Figure 16.
Figure 16: Extended PWM format with DUAL [5:1] = 01h (2 repetitions for each data)
The temperature transmitted in Data 1 field can be calculated using the following equation:
 4t

TOUT 1 =  2 × (TMAX 1 − TMIN 1 ) + TMIN 1
 T

For Data 2 field the equation is:
 4t

TOUT 2 =  5 × (TMAX 2 − TMIN 2 ) + TMIN 2
 T

Time bands are: t1=0.0625 x T (Start1), t3=0.125 x T and t4=0.5625 x T (Start2 = Start1 + Valida_data1
+ error_band1 + stop1 + start2). As shown in Figure 13, in extended PWM format the period is twice the period
for the single PWM format. All equations provided herein are given for the single PWM period T. The EEPROM
Error band signaling will be 43.75% duty cycle for Data1 and 93.75% for Data2.
Note: EEPROM error signaling is implemented in automotive grade parts only.
T=100ms (PWM = 10Hz)
t=16.875ms
Start
t1
Extended PWM mode sensor 1
t2
1 T
16
0
8 T
16
15 T
16
T
15 T
16
T
T=100ms (PWM = 10Hz)
t=73.125ms
Start
Extended PWM mode sensor 2
t1
0
1 T
16
t2
8 T
16
t3
Figure 17: Example: Extended PWM mode readings – sensor 1 above and sensor 2 bellow
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Data Sheet
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MLX90614 family
Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
Example: (see Figure 17 above):
Configuration:
Sensor1 = Ta, Sensor2 = Tobj1
Config Reg[5:4] = 00b,
TA _ RANGE _ L (EEPROM ) = 100 ×
TA _ MIN = 0°C
TA _ MAX = 60°C
(T
A _ min
TA _ RANGE _ H (EEPROM ) = 100 ×
(T
+ 38.2 )
64
A _ max
= 59.6875 ≈ 60d = 0 x3C
+ 38.2 )
64
= 153.4375 ≈ 153d = 0 x99
TA _ RANGE (EEPROM ,0 x 03) = {TA _ RANGE _ H : TA _ RANGE _ L } = 0 x993C
TO _ MIN (EEPROM ,0 x 01) = 100 × (TO _ min + 273.15) = 27315d = 0 x 6 AB3
TO _ MIN = 0°C
TO _ MAX = 50°C
TO _ MAX (EEPROM ,0 x 00 ) = 100 × (TO _ min + 273.15) = 32315d = 0 x 7 E 3B
Captured high durations are:
Sensor 1 – t = 16.875ms at period T = 100ms thus the duty cycle is
Duty S 1 =
16.875
= 0.16875
100
Sensor 2 – t = 73.125ms at period T = 100ms thus the duty cycle is
Duty S 2 =
73.125
= 0.73125
100
The temperatures are calculated as follows:
TA = 4 × (Duty S 1 − Start1) × (TA _ MAX − TA _ MIN ) + TA _ MIN
TA = 4 × (0.16875 − 0.0625) × (60 − 0 ) + 0 = 25.5°C
TO1 = 4 × (Duty S 2 − Start 2 ) × (TO _ MAX − TO _ MIN ) + TO _ MIN
TO1 = 4 × (0.73125 − 0.5625) × (50 − 0 ) + 0 = 33.75°C
8.5.3 Customizing the temperature range for PWM output
The calculated ambient and object temperatures are stored in RAM with a resolution of 0.01°C (16 bit).
The PWM operates with a 10-bit word so the transmitted temperature is rescaled in order to fit in the desired
range.
For this goal 2 cells in EEPROM are foreseen to store the desired range for To (Tomin and Tomax) and
one for Ta (Tarange: the 8MSB are foreseen for Tamax and the 8LSB for Tamin).
Thus the output range for To can be programmed with an accuracy of 0.01°C, while the corresponding Ta range
can be programmed with an accuracy of 0.64°C.
The object data for PWM is rescaled according to the following equation:
TPWMobj =
3901090614
Rev 009
TRAM − TMINEEPROM
K PWM obj
, K PWM obj =
TMAX EEPROM − TMINEEPROM
1023
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Data Sheet
June 29, 2015
MLX90614 family
Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
The TRAM is the linearized Tobj, 16-bit (0x0000…0xFFFF, 0x0000 for -273.15°C and 0xFFFF for
+382.2°C) and the result is a 10-bit word, in which 0x000 corresponds to ToMIN[°C], 0x3FF corresponds to
ToMAX[°C] and 1LSB corresponds to
ToMAX − ToMIN
[°C].
1023
TMIN EEPORM = TMIN × 100 LSB
TMAX EEPORM = TMAX × 100 LSB
The ambient data for PWM is rescaled according to the following equation:
TPWM ambient =
TRAM − TMIN EEPROM
Where:
K PWM ambient =
K PWM ambient
TMAX EEPROM − TMIN EEPROM
1023
The result is a 10-bit word, where 0x000 corresponds to -38.2°C (lowest Ta that can be read via PWM),
0x3FF corresponds to 125°C (highest Ta that can be read via PWM) and 1LSB corresponds to:
1LSB =
TMAX − TMIN
, [°C ]
1023
TMIN EEPORM = (TMIN − (− 38.2 )) ×
100
LSB
64
TMAX EEPORM = (TMAX − (− 38.2 )) ×
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100
LSB
64
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Data Sheet
June 29, 2015
MLX90614 family
Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
8.6 Switching Between PWM / Thermal relay and SMBus communication
8.6.1 PWM is enabled
The diagram below illustrates the way of switching to SMBus if PWM / Thermal Relay is enabled
(factory programmed POR default for MLX90614 is SMBus, PWM disabled). Note that the SCL pin needs to be
kept high in order to use PWM.
tREQ>1.44ms
SCL
PWM/SDA
Start
PWM mode
SMBus mode
Stop
Figure 18: Switching from PWM mode to SMBus
8.6.2 Request condition
tREQ >1,44ms
SCL
SMBus Request
Figure 19: Request (switch to SMBus) condition
If PWM / Thermal relay is enabled, the MLX90614’s SMBus Request condition is needed to disable
PWM / Thermal relay and reconfigure PWM/SDA pin before starting SMBus communication. Once PWM /
Thermal relay is disabled, it can be only enabled by switching the supply OFF – ON or exit from Sleep Mode.
The MLX90614’s SMBus request condition requires forcing LOW the SCL pin for period longer than the request
time (tREQ >1,44ms). The SDA line value is ignored and is irrelevant in this case.
8.6.3 PWM is disabled
If PWM is disabled by means of EEPROM the PWM / SDA pin is directly used for the SMBus purposes
after POR. Request condition should not be sent in this case.
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MLX90614 family
Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
8.7 Computation of ambient and object temperatures
The IR sensor consists of serial connected thermo-couples with cold junctions placed at thick chip
substrate and hot junctions, placed over thin membrane. The IR radiation absorbed from the membrane heats
(or cools) it. The thermopile output signal is:
(
Vir (Ta, To ) = A × To 4 − Ta 4
)
Where To is the absolute object temperature (Kelvin), Ta is the sensor die absolute (Kelvin)
temperature, and A is the overall sensitivity.
An on board temperature sensor is needed to measure the chip temperature. After measurement of the
output of both sensors, the corresponding ambient and object temperatures can be calculated. These
calculations are done by the internal DSP, which produces digital outputs, linearly proportional to measured
temperatures.
8.7.1 Ambient temperature Ta
The Sensor die temperature is measured with a PTAT element. All the sensors conditioning and data
processing is handled on-chip and the linearized sensor die temperature Ta is available in memory.
The resolution of the calculated temperature is 0.02˚C. The sensor is factory calibrated for the full
automotive range -40…+125˚C. The linearized die temperature is available in RAM cell 0x06:
- 0x06=0x2DE4 (11748d) corresponds to -38.2˚C (linearization output lower limit)
- 0x06=0x4DC4 (19908d) corresponds to +125˚C. (linearization output higher limit)
The conversions from RAM contend to real Ta is easy using the following relation:
Ta[° K ] = Tareg × 0.02 , or 0.02°K / LSB.
8.7.2 Object temperature To
The result has a resolution of 0.02 ˚C and is available in RAM. To is derived from RAM as:
To[° K ] = Toreg × 0.02 , or 0.02°K / LSB.
Please note that 1LSB corresponds to 0,02° and the MSB bit is error flag (if “1” then error).
Example:
1. 0x27AD
2. 0x27AE
3. 0x3AF7
4. 0x3AF8
5. 0x7FFF
6. 0x8XXX
-70.00˚C (no error)
-69.98˚C (no error)
28.75˚C (no error)
28.77˚C (no error)
382.19˚C (no error) - maximum possible value returned by MLX90614
xxx.xx˚C (flag error)
The result is calculated by following expressions (valid for both To and Ta):
1. Convert it to decimal value i.e. 0x3AF7 = 15095d
2. Divide by 50 (or multiply by 0.02) i.e.
15095
= 301.9 K (result is in Kelvin)
50
3. Convert K -> ˚C i.e. 301.9 - 273.15 = 28.75˚C
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MLX90614 family
Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
8.7.3 Calculation flow
The measurement, calculation and linearization are held by core, which executes a program form ROM.
After POR the chip is initialized with calibration data from EEPROM. During this phase the number of IR
sensors is selected and it is decided which temperature sensor will be used. Measurements, compensation and
linearization routines run in a closed loop afterwards.
Processing ambient temperature includes:
Offset measurement with fixed length FIR filter
Additional filtering with fixed length IIR filter. The result is stored into RAM as TOS
Temperature sensor measurement using programmable length FIR *.
Offset compensation
Additional processing with programmable length IIR **. The result is stored into RAM as TD.
Calculation of the ambient temperature. The result is stored into RAM address 0x06 as TA
Processing of the object temperature consists of three parts.
The first one is common for both IR sensors, the third part can be skipped if only one IR sensor is used.
IR offset:
Offset measurement with a fixed length FIR
Additional filtering with a fixed length IIR. The result is stored into RAM as IROS.
Gain measurement with fixed length FIR filter
Offset compensation
Additional gain filtering with fixed length IIR, storing the result into RAM as IRG.
Gain compensation calculation, the result is stored into RAM as KG
Object temperature:
IR1 sensor:
IR sensor measurement with programmable length FIR filter *.
Offset compensation
Gain compensation
Filtering with programmable length IIR filter**, storing the result into RAM address 0x04 as
IR1D.
Calculation of the object temperature. The result is available in RAM address 0x07 as TO1.
IR2 sensor:
IR sensor measurement with programmable length FIR filter *.
Offset compensation
Gain compensation
Filtering with programmable length IIR filter**, storing the result into RAM address 0x05 as IR2D
Calculation of the object temperature. The result is available in RAM address 0x08 as TO2
PWM calculation:
Recalculate the data for PWM with 10 bit resolution
Load data into PWM module
Note*: The measurements with programmable filter length for FIR filter use the same EEPROM cells for N.
Note**: The IIR filter with programmable filter length uses the same EEPROM cells for L.
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MLX90614 family
3
TA Offset meas
OSTa= meas(NTos)
IR Offset meas
OSIR= meas(NIRos)
IR1 meas
IR1D= meas(NIR)
IR2 meas
IR2D= meas(NIR)
filtering
TOS= IIR(LTos,OSTa)
filtering
IROS= IIR(LIRos,OSIR)
Offset comp
IR1Dcomp= IR1D- IROS
Offset comp
IR2Dcomp= IR2D- IROS
TA meas
TDATA= meas(NTa)
Gain drift
IRGm= meas(NIRg)
Gain comp
IR1Dg= IR1Dcomp*KG
Gain comp
IR2Dg= IR2Dcomp*KG
Offset comp
TDATAcomp= TDATA-TOS
Offset comp
IRGcomp= IRGm- IROS
filtering
IR1D= IIR(LIR,IR1Dg)
filtering
IR2D= IIR(LIR,IR2Dg)
filtering
TD= IIR(LTa,TDATAcomp)
filtering
IRG= IIR(LG,IRGcomp)
TOBJ1 calculation
TA calculation
KG calculation
1
TA
TOBJ2 calculation
PWM calculation
3
2
TOBJ1
2
IR offset
1
Initialization
TOBJ2
Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
Load PWM registers
Figure 20: Software flow
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Data Sheet
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MLX90614 family
Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
8.8 Thermal relay
The MLX90614 can be configured to behave as a thermo relay with programmable threshold and
hysteresis on the PWM/SDA pin. The input for the comparator unit of the relay is the object temperature from
sensor 1
The output of the MLX90614 is NOT a relay driver but a logical output which should be
connected to a relay driver if necessary.
The output driver is one and the same for PWM and Thermal relay.
In order to configure the MLX90614 to work as thermal relay two conditions must be met:
o Set bit TRPWMB high at address 0x02 in EEPROM
o Enable PWM output i.e. EN_PWM is set high
The PWM / SDA pin can be programmed as a push-pull or open drain NMOS (via bit PPODB in
EEPROM PWMCTRL), which can trigger an external device. The temperature threshold data is determined by
EEPROM at address 0x21 (Tomin) and the hysteresis at address 0x020 (Tomax).
The logical state of the PWM/SDA pin is as follows:
PWM / SDA pin is high if
PWM / SDA pin is low if
TO1 ≥ threshold + hysteresis
TO1 ≤ threshold − hysteresis
“1”
hysteresis
hysteresis
“0”
threshold
T
Figure 21: Thermal relay: “PWM” pin versus Tobj
The MLX90614 preserves its normal operation when configured as a thermal relay (PWM configuration
and specification applies as a general rule also for the thermal relay) and therefore it can be read using the
SMBus (entering the SMBus mode from both PWM and thermal relay configuration is the same).
For example, the MLX90614 can generate a wake-up alert for a system upon reaching a certain
temperature and then be read as a thermometer. Reset conditions (enter and exit Sleep, for example) will be
needed in order to return to the thermal relay configuration.
Example:
Threshold = 5°C
(EEPROM ,0 x01) = 100 × (Threshold + 273.15) = 27815d = 0 x6CA7
Hysteresis = 1°C
(EEPROM ,0 x00) = 100 × Hysteresis = 100d = 0 x0064
Smallest possible hysteresis is 0,01°C or (EEPROM, 0x00 = 0x0001)
PWM / SDA pin will be set low at object temperature below 4°C
PWM / SDA pin will be set high at object temperature higher that 6°C
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Data Sheet
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MLX90614 family
Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
9 Unique Features
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The MLX90614 is a ready-to use low-cost non contact thermometer provided from Melexis with output
data linearly dependent on the object temperature with high accuracy and extended resolution.
The high thermal stability of the MLX90614-xCx make this part highly suited in applications where
secondary heat sources can heat up the sensor. These sensors also have a very short stabilization
time compared to other types of thermopile sensors, which is of importance if one needs an accurate
measurement in conditions where the ambient temperature can change quickly.
The MLX90614 supports versatile customization to a very wide range of temperatures, power supplies
and refresh rates.
The user can program the internal object emissivity correction for objects with a low emissivity. An
embedded error checking and correction mechanism provides high memory reliability.
The sensors are housed in an industry standard TO39 package for both single- and dual-zone IR
thermometers. The thermometer is available in automotive grade and can use two different packages
for wider applications’ coverage.
The low power consumption during operation and the low current draw during sleep mode make the
thermometer ideally suited for handheld mobile applications.
The digital sensor interface can be either a power-up-and-measure PWM or an enhanced access
SMBus compatible protocol. Systems with more than 100 devices can be built with only two signal
lines. Dual zone non contact temperature measurements are available via a single line (extended
PWM).
A build-in thermal relay function further extends the easy implementation of wide variety of
freezing/boiling prevention and alert systems, as well as thermostats (no MCU is needed).
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MLX90614 family
Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
10 Performance Graphs
10.1 Temperature accuracy of the MLX90614
10.1.1 Standard accuracy
All accuracy specifications apply under settled isothermal conditions only. Furthermore, the accuracy is only
valid if the object fills the FOV of the sensor completely.
380
To,oC
± 4 oC
300
240
± 4 oC
± 3 oC
180
± 4 oC
± 3 oC
± 2 oC
± 2 oC
± 2 oC
± 3 oC
± 2 oC
± 1 oC
± 1 oC
± 2 oC
± 2 oC
± 1 oC
± 0.5 oC
± 1 oC
± 2 oC
± 3 oC
± 1 oC
± 1 oC
± 2 oC
± 3 oC
± 3 oC
± 3 oC
± 2 oC
± 3 oC
± 4 oC
120
60
0
-40
-70
-40
-20
0
50
100
125
Ta,oC
Figure 22: Accuracy of MLX90614 (Ta, To)
All accuracy specifications apply under settled isothermal conditions only.
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MLX90614 family
Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
10.1.2 Medical accuracy
A version of the MLX90614 with accuracy suited for medical applications is available. The accuracy in
the range Ta 16°C…40°C and To 22°C…40°C is shown in diagram below. The accuracy for the rest of the
temperature ranges is the same as in previous diagram. Medical accuracy specification is only available for the
MLX90614Dxx versions.
To, °C
40
38
± 0.3°C
± 0.2°C
36
30
± 0.3°C
22
20
Ta, °C
10
20
30
40
Figure 23: Accuracy of MLX90614DAA (Ta, To) for medical applications.
Accuracy of the MLX90614DCC, DCH and DCI for VDD = 3V (see paragraph 10.1.3)
Versions MLX90614ESF-DCC, -DCH and -DCI comply with ASTM standard section 5.4 (Designation:
E1965 – 98 (Re-approved 2009) - Standard Specification for Infrared Thermometers for Intermittent
Determination of Patient Temperature
It is very important for the application design to understand that the accuracy specified in Figure 22 and
Figure 23 are only guaranteed when the sensor is in thermal equilibrium and under isothermal conditions (there
are no temperature differences across the sensor package). The accuracy of the thermometer can be
influenced by temperature differences in the package induced by causes like (among others): Hot electronics
(heaters / coolers) behind or beside the sensor or when the measured object is so close to the sensor that
heats the thermometer package.
This effect is especially relevant for thermometers with a small Field Of View (FOV) like the xxC and
xxF as the energy received by the sensor from the object is reduced. Therefore, Melexis has introduced the
xCx version of the MLX90614. In these MLX90614xCx, the thermal gradients are measured internally and the
measured temperature is compensated for them. In this way, the MLX90614xCx is much less sensitive to
thermal gradients induced from outside, but the effect is not totally eliminated. It is therefore important to avoid
introducing strong heat sources close to the sensor or to shield the sensor from them.
NOTE: In order to have the highest possible signal and the best performance a higher gain of the
amplifier is selected for MLX90614DCx type of devices. This eventually would limit the maximum object
temperature (due to overload of the ADC) to about 200°C.
10.1.3 Temperature reading dependence on VDD
In case of medical applications where high accuracy is required and the supply is provided by means of
a battery, a compensation of temperature readings from VDD dependence should be done by the
microcontroller. The dependence is very repeatable and compensation can easily be implemented. As this
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MLX90614 family
Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
dependence comes from the ambient temperature it is the same for all type of devices regardless of FOV and
optics used and it directly translates in the same compensation for object temperature.
The typical VDD dependence of the ambient and object temperature is 0.6°C/V.
Typical Ta=f(VDD) dependance
0.50
Sensor1
Sensor2
0.40
Ta error, DegC
Sensor3
0.30
Sensor4
0.20
Sensor5
Sensor6
0.10
Sensor7
0.00
-0.10
Sensor8
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
Sensor9
Sensor10
-0.20
Sensor11
-0.30
Sensor12
Sensor13
-0.40
Sensor14
-0.50
Sensor15
VDD, V
Sensor16
Figure 24: Typical Ta dependence from supply voltage
Example: As the devices are calibrated at VDD=3V the error at VDD=3V is smallest one. The error in ambient
channel is directly transferred as object channel error (see Figure 25 bellow).
Typical To=f(VDD) dependance
0.50
Sensor1
Sensor2
0.40
To error, DegC
Sensor3
0.30
Sensor4
0.20
Sensor5
Sensor6
0.10
Sensor7
0.00
-0.10
Sensor8
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
Sensor9
Sensor10
-0.20
Sensor11
-0.30
Sensor12
Sensor13
-0.40
Sensor14
-0.50
Sensor15
VDD, V
Sensor16
Figure 25: Typical To dependence from supply voltage (practically the same as Ta dependence error
In order to compensate for this error we measure supply voltage and by applying following equation
compensate the result.
TO _ compensate d = TO − (VDD − VDD0 ) × Typical _ dependence = TO − (VDD − 3) × 0.6
Compensated VDD dependence
Sensor1
0.5
To_compensated error, degC
Sensor2
0.4
Sensor3
0.3
Sensor4
Sensor5
0.2
Sensor6
0.1
Sensor7
Sensor8
0
-0.1
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
Sensor9
Sensor10
Sensor11
-0.2
Sensor12
-0.3
Sensor13
-0.4
Sensor14
Sensor15
-0.5
VDD, V
Sensor16
Figure 26: Typical To compensated dependence error
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Data Sheet
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MLX90614 family
Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
10.2 Field Of View (FOV)
Point heat source
Sensitivity
100%
50%
Field Of View
Angle of incidence
Rotated
sensor
Figure 27: Field Of View measurement
Parameter
Peak zone 1
Width zone 1
Peak zone 2
Width zone 2
MLX90614xAA
±0°
90°
Not applicable
MLX90614xBA
+25°
70°
-25°
70°
MLX90614xCC
±0°
35°
MLX90614xCF
±0°
10°
MLX90614xCH
±0°
12°
MLX90614xCI
±0°
5°
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
Table 14: FOV summary table
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
Angle, Deg
0.00
-80°
-60°
-40°
-20°
0°
20°
40°
60°
80°
Figure 28: Typical FOV of MLX90614xAA
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Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
Angle, Deg
0.00
-80°
-60°
-40°
-20°
0°
20°
40°
60°
80°
Figure 29: Typical FOV of MLX90614xBA
Figure 30: Identification of zone
1&2 relative to alignment tab
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
Angle, Deg
0.00
-80°
-60°
-40°
-20°
0°
20°
40°
60°
80°
Figure 31: Typical FOV of MLX90614xCC
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Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
Angle, De g
0.00
-80°
-60°
-40°
-20°
0°
20°
40°
60°
80°
Figure 32: Typical FOV of MLX90614xCF
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
Angle, Deg
0.00
-80º
-60º
-40º
-20º
0º
20º
40º
60º
80º
Figure 33: Typical FOV of MLX90614xCH
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Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.00
-80º
Angle, Deg
-60º
-40º
-20º
0º
20º
40º
60º
80º
Figure 34: Typical FOV of MLX90614xCI
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Data Sheet
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MLX90614 family
Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
11 Applications Information
11.1 Use of the MLX90614 thermometer in SMBus configuration
+3.3V
R1 R2
Vdd
C1 U2
Vss
4
MCU
SDA
SMBus
SCL 1
Vz
3
U1
Vdd
2
PWM
SDA
SCL
GND
MLX90614Bxx
0.1uF
Figure 35: MLX90614 SMBus connection
Figure 35 shows the connection of a MLX90614 to a SMBus with 3.3V power supply. The MLX90614
has diode clamps SDA / SCL to Vdd so it is necessary to provide MLX90614 with power in order not to load the
SMBus lines.
11.2 Use of multiple MLX90614s in SMBus configuration
+3.3V
I1
I2
R1
Ipu1
2
PWM
SDA
3
C1 U1
Vss
4
U1
MCU
Vdd
Ipu2
SDA
SMBus
SCL 1
Vz
Vdd
R2
SCL
Current source or resistor
pull-ups of the bus
GND
MLX90614Bxx
0.1uF
C3
Cbus1
2
PWM
SDA
SCL 1
Vz
Vdd
3
C2 U1
Vss
4
Cbus2
C4
MLX90614Bxx
0.1uF
SDA
SCL
Figure 36: Use of multiple MLX90614 devices in SMBus network
The MLX90614 supports a 7-bit slave address in EEPROM, thus allowing up to 127 devices to be read
via two common wires. With the MLX90614xBx this results in 254 object temperatures measured remotely and
an additional 127 ambient temperatures which are also available. Current source pull-ups may be preferred with
higher capacitive loading on the bus (C3 and C4 represent the lines’ parasitic), while simple resistive pull-ups
provide the obvious low cost advantage.
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Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
11.3 PWM output operation
Using the PWM output mode of the MLX90614 is very simple, as shown in Figure 37.
J1
1
SCL
Vz
Vdd
PW M
2 SDA
PWM
GND
U1
MLX90614
Vdd
3
C1
CON1
Vss
0.1uF
Figure 37: Connection of MLX90614 for PWM output mode
The PWM mode is free-running after POR when configured in EEPROM. The SCL pin must be forced
high for PWM mode operation (can be shorted to VDD pin).
A pull-up resistor can be used to preserve the option for SMBus operation while having PWM as a
default as is shown on Figure 38.
R1
10k
J1
Vdd
1
SCL
Vz
SCL
PWM/SDA
PW M
2 SDA
GND
U1
MLX90614
Vdd
3
C1
CON1
Vss
0.1uF
Figure 38: PWM output with SMBus available
Again, the PWM mode needs to be written as the POR default in EEPROM. Then for PWM operation
the SCL line can be high impedance, forced high, or even not connected. The pull-up resistor R1 will ensure
there is a high level on the SCL pin and the PWM POR default will be active. SMBus is still available (for
example – for further reconfiguration of the MLX90614, or sleep mode power management) as there are pull-up
resistors on the SMBus lines anyway.
PWM can be configured as open drain NMOS or a push-pull output. In the case of open drain external
pull-up will be needed. This allows cheap level conversion to lower logic high voltage. Internal pull-ups present
in many MCUs can also be used.
11.4 Thermal alert / thermostat
+5V
+24V
+
R1 R2
2
PW M
SDA
3
C1 U1
Vss
4
0.1uF
MLX90614Axx
3
C1 U1
Vss
4
MCU
2
PW M
SDA
SDA
SMBus
SCL 1
Vz
Vdd
U1
Q1
Vdd
2
PWM
SDA
SCL 1
Vz
Vdd
R1
R2
D1
Alert dev ice
SCL 1
Vz
Vdd
3
SCL
C2
GND
MLX90614Bxx
0.1uF
U2
10uF
C3
0.1uF
U1
MLX90614Axx
-
+3.3V
Vss
4
C*
AC line
Figure 39: Thermal alert / thermostat applications of MLX90614
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Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
The MLX90614 can be configured in EEPROM to operate as a thermal relay. A non contact freezing or
boiling prevention with 1 mA quiescent current can be built with two components only – the MLX90614 and a
capacitor. The PWM / SDA pin can be programmed as a push-pull or open drain NMOS, which can trigger an
external device, such as a relay (refer to electrical specifications for load capability), buzzer, RF transmitter or a
LED. This feature allows very simple thermostats to be built without the need of any MCU and zero design
overhead required for firmware development. In conjunction with a MCU, this function can operate as a system
alert that wakes up the MCU. Both object temperature and sensor die temperature can also be read in this
configuration.
11.5 High voltage source operation
J1
V+
PWM
GND
CON1
MLX90614Axx: V=8...16V
As a standard, the module MLX90614Axx works with a supply voltage of 5Volt. In addition, thanks to
the integrated internal reference regulator available at pin SCL / Vz, this module can easily be powered from
higher voltage source (like VDD=8…16V). Only a few external components as depicted in the diagram below
are required to achieve this.
R1
Q1
C*
2
Q1
+12V
1 MLX90614
SCL
U1
Vz
PW M
4
Vss
SDA
R1
U1
5.7V
Vdd
3
C1
2.2uF
+5V
Equivalent schematics
Figure 40: 12V regulator implementation
With the second (synthesized Zener diode) function of the SCL / Vz pin used, the 2-wire interface
function is available only if the voltage regulator is overdriven (5V regulated power is forced to Vdd pin).
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Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
12 Application Comments
Significant contamination at the optical input side (sensor filter) might cause unknown additional
filtering/distortion of the optical signal and therefore result in unspecified errors.
IR sensors are inherently susceptible to errors caused by thermal gradients. There are physical
reasons for these phenomena and, in spite of the careful design of the MLX90614, it is recommended not to
subject the MLX90614 to heat transfer and especially transient conditions.
Upon power-up the MLX90614 passes embedded checking and calibration routines. During these
routines the output is not defined and it is recommended to wait for the specified POR time before reading the
module. Very slow power-up may cause the embedded POR circuitry to trigger on inappropriate levels, resulting
in unspecified operation and this is not recommended.
The MLX90614 is designed and calibrated to operate as a non contact thermometer in settled
conditions. Using the thermometer in a very different way will result in unknown results.
Capacitive loading on a SMBus can degrade the communication. Some improvement is possible with
use of current sources compared to resistors in pull-up circuitry. Further improvement is possible with
specialized commercially available bus accelerators. With the MLX90614 additional improvement is possible by
increasing the pull-up current (decreasing the pull-up resistor values). Input levels for SMBus compatible mode
have higher overall tolerance than the SMBus specification, but the output low level is rather low even with the
high-power SMBus specification for pull-up currents. Another option might be to go for a slower communication
(clock speed), as the MLX90614 implements Schmidt triggers on its inputs in SMBus compatible mode and is
therefore not really sensitive to rise time of the bus (it is more likely the rise time to be an issue than the fall
time, as far as the SMBus systems are open drain with pull-up).
For ESD protection there are clamp diodes between the Vss and Vdd and each of the other pins. This
means that the MLX90614 might draw current from a bus in case the SCL and/or SDA is connected and the
Vdd is lower than the bus pull-ups’ voltage.
In 12V powered systems SMBus usage is constrained because the SCL pin is used for the Zener
diode function. Applications where the supply is higher than 5V should use the PWM output or an external
regulator. Nevertheless, in the 12V powered applications MLX90614 can be programmed (configured and
customized) by forcing the Vdd to 5V externally and running the SMBus communication.
A sleep mode is available in the MLX90614Bxx. This mode is entered and exited via the SMBus
compatible 2-wire communication. On the other hand, the extended functionality of the SCL pin yields in
increased leakage current through that pin. As a result, this pin needs to be forced low in sleep mode and the
pull-up on the SCL line needs to be disabled in order to keep the overall power drain in sleep mode really small.
During sleep mode the sensor will not perform measurements.
The PWM pin is not designed for direct drive of inductive loads (such as electro-magnetic relays).
Some drivers need to be implemented for higher load, and auxiliary protection might be necessary even for light
but inductive loading.
It is possible to use the MLX90614 in applications, powered directly from the AC line (transformer less).
In such cases it is very important not to forget that the metal package of the sensor is not isolated and
therefore may occur to be connected to that line, too. Melexis can not be responsible for any application like this
and highly recommends not using the MLX90614 in that way.
Power dissipation within the package may affect performance in two ways: by heating the “ambient”
sensitive element significantly beyond the actual ambient temperature, as well as by causing gradients over the
package that will inherently cause thermal gradient over the cap. Loading the outputs also causes increased
power dissipation. In case of using the MLX90614Axx internal Zener voltage feature, the regulating external
transistor should also not cause heating of the TO39 package.
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Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
High capacitive load on a PWM line will result in significant charging currents from the power supply,
bypassing the capacitor and therefore causing EMC, noise, level degradation and power dissipation problems.
A simple option is adding a series resistor between the PWM / SDA pin and the capacitive loaded line, in which
case timing specifications have to be carefully reviewed. For example, with a PWM output that is set to 1.024
ms and the output format that is 11 bit, the time step is 0.5 µs and a settling time of 2 µs would introduce a 4
LSB error.
Power supply decoupling capacitor is needed as with most integrated circuits. MLX90614 is a mixedsignal device with sensors, small signal analog part, digital part and I/O circuitry. In order to keep the noise low
power supply switching noise needs to be decoupled. High noise from external circuitry can also affect noise
performance of the device. In many applications a 100nF SMD ceramic capacitor close to the Vdd and Vss pins
would be a good choice. It should be noted that not only the trace to the Vdd pin needs to be short, but also the
one to the Vss pin. Using MLX90614 with short pins improves the effect of the power supply decoupling.
Severe noise can also be coupled within the package from the SCL (in worst cases also from the SDA) pin. This
issue can be solved by using PWM output. Also the PWM output can pass additional filtering (at lower PWM
frequency settings). With a simple LPF RC network added also increase of the ESD rating is possible.
Check www.melexis.com for most recent application notes about MLX90614.
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Single and Dual Zone
Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
13 Standard information regarding manufacturability of Melexis products
with different soldering processes
Our products are classified and qualified regarding soldering technology, solderability and moisture sensitivity
level according to following test methods:
Wave Soldering THD’s (Through Hole Devices)
• EIA/JEDEC JESD22-B106 and EN60749-15
Resistance to soldering temperature for through-hole mounted devices
Iron Soldering THD’s (Through Hole Devices)
• EN60749-15
Resistance to soldering temperature for through-hole mounted devices
Solderability THD’s (Through Hole Devices)
• EIA/JEDEC JESD22-B102 and EN60749-21
Solderability
For all soldering technologies deviating from above mentioned standard conditions (regarding peak
temperature, temperature gradient, temperature profile etc) additional classification and qualification tests have
to be agreed upon with Melexis.
Melexis is contributing to global environmental conservation by promoting lead free solutions. For more
information on qualifications of RoHS compliant products (RoHS = European directive on the Restriction Of the
use of certain Hazardous Substances) please visit the quality page on our website:
http://www.melexis.com/quality.aspx
The MLX90614 is RoHS compliant
14 ESD Precautions
Electronic semiconductor products are sensitive to Electro Static Discharge (ESD).
Always observe Electro Static Discharge control procedures whenever handling semiconductor products.
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Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
15 FAQ
When I measure aluminum and plastic parts settled at the same conditions I get significant
errors on aluminum. Why?
Different materials have different emissivity. A typical value for aluminum (roughly polished) is 0.18 and for
plastics values of 0.84…0.95 are typical. IR thermometers use the radiation flux between the sensitive element
in the sensor and the object of interest, given by the equation
( )
( )
q = ε1 × α1 × T1 × σ × A1 × Fa −b − ε 2 × T2 × σ × A2 ,
4
4
Where:
ε1 and ε2 are the emissivities of the two objects,
α1 is the absorptivity of the sensor (in this case),
σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant,
A1 and A2 are the surface areas involved in the radiation heat transfer,
Fa-b is the shape factor,
T1 and T2 are known temperature of the sensor die (measured with specially integrated and calibrated element)
and the object temperature that we need.
Note that these are all in Kelvin, heat exchange knows only physics.
When a body with low emissivity (such as aluminum) is involved in this heat transfer, the portion of the
radiation incident to the sensor element that really comes from the object of interest decreases – and the
reflected environmental IR emissions take place. (This is all for bodies with zero transparency in the IR band.)
The IR thermometer is calibrated to stay within specified accuracy – but it has no way to separate the incoming
IR radiation into real object and reflected environmental part. Therefore, measuring objects with low emissivity
is a very sophisticated issue and infra-red measurements of such materials are a specialized field.
What can be done to solve that problem? Look at paintings – for example, oil paints are likely to have
emissivity of 0.85…0.95 – but keep in mind that the stability of the paint emissivity has inevitable impact on
measurements.
It is also a good point to keep in mind that not everything that looks black is “black” also for IR. For
example, even heavily oxidized aluminum has still emissivity as low as 0.30.
How high is enough? Not an easy question – but, in all cases the closer you need to get to the real
object temperature the higher the needed emissivity will be, of course.
With the real life emissivity values the environmental IR comes into play via the reflectivity of the object
(the sum of Emissivity, Reflectivity and Absorptivity gives 1.00 for any material). The larger the difference
between environmental and object temperature is at given reflectivity (with an opaque for IR material reflectivity
equals 1.00 minus emissivity) the bigger errors it produces.
After I put the MLX90614 in the dashboard I start getting errors larger than specified in spite that
the module was working properly before that. Why?
Any object present in the FOV of the module provides IR signal. It is actually possible to introduce error in the
measurements if the module is attached to the dashboard with an opening that enters the FOV. In that case
portion of the dashboard opening will introduce IR signal in conjunction with constraining the effective FOV and
thus compromising specified accuracy. Relevant opening that takes in account the FOV is a must for accurate
measurements. Note that the basic FOV specification takes 50% of IR signal as threshold (in order to define the
area, where the measurements are relevant), while the entire FOV at lower level is capable of introducing
lateral IR signal under many conditions.
When a hot (cold) air stream hits my MLX90614 some error adds to the measured temperature I
read. What is it?
IR sensors are inherently sensitive to difference in temperatures between the sensitive element and everything
incident to that element. As a matter of fact, this element is not the sensor package, but the sensor die inside.
Therefore, a thermal gradient over the sensor package will inevitably result in additional IR flux between the
sensor package and the sensor die. This is real optical signal that can not be segregated from the target IR
signal and will add errors to the measured temperature.
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Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
Thermal gradients with impact of that kind are likely to appear during transient conditions. The sensor used is
developed with care about sensitivity to this kind of lateral phenomena, but their nature demands some care
when choosing place to use the MLX90614 in order to make them negligible.
I measure human body temperature and I often get measurements that significantly differ from
the +37°C I expect.
IR measurements are true surface temperature measurements. In many applications this means that the actual
temperature measured by an IR thermometer will be temperature of the clothing and not the skin temperature.
Emissivity (explained first in this section) is another issue with clothes that has to be considered.
There is also the simple chance that the measured temperature is adequate – for example, in a cold winter
human hand can appear at temperatures not too close to the well known +37°C.
I consider using MLX90614AAA to measure temperature within car compartment, but I am
embarrassed about the Sun light that may hit the module. Is it a significant issue?
Special care is taken to cut off the visible light spectra as well as the NIR (near IR) before it reaches the
sensitive sensor die. Even more, the glass (in most cases) is not transparent to the IR radiation used by the
MLX90614. Glass has temperature and really high emissivity in most cases – it is “black” for IR of interest.
Overall, Sun behind a window is most likely to introduce relatively small errors. Why is it not completely
eliminated after all? Even visible light partially absorbed in the filter of the sensor has some heating potential
and there is no way that the sensor die will be “blind” for that heating right in front of it.
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Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
16 Package Information
16.1 MLX90614xxA
The MLX90614 is packaged in an industry standard TO39 can.
Figure 41: MLX90614xxA package
Note: All dimensions are in mm
16.2 MLX90614xCC
Figure 42: MLX90614xCC package
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16.3 MLX90614xCF
Figure 43: MLX90614xCF package
16.4 MLX90614xCH
Figure 44: MLX90614xCH package
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16.5 MLX90614xCI
Figure 45: MLX90614xCI package
16.6 Part marking
The MLX90614 is laser marked with 10 symbols. First 3 letters define device version (AAA, BCC, etc), and
the last 7 are the lot number. Example: “ACC9307308” – MLX90614ACC from lot 9307308.
16.7 Operating and storage humidity range
Operating and storage humidity range is defined as 85% non condensing humidity.
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Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
17 Table of figures
Figure 1: Typical application schematics ................................................................................................................1
Figure 2: Pin description ..........................................................................................................................................5
Figure 3: Block diagram ....................................................................................................................................... 10
Figure 4: SMBus packet element key................................................................................................................... 15
Figure 5: SMBus read word format ...................................................................................................................... 16
Figure 6: SMBus write word format ...................................................................................................................... 16
Figure 7: Recommended timing on SMBus ......................................................................................................... 16
Figure 8: Read word format (SA=0x5A, read RAM=0x07, result=0x3AD2, PEC=0x30) ..................................... 17
Figure 9: Write word format (SA=0x5A, write EEPROM=0x02, data=0xC807, PEC=0x48) ................................ 17
Figure 10: SMBus timing specification and definition........................................................................................... 18
Figure 11: Enter sleep mode command (SA = 0x5A, Command = 0xFF, PEC = 0xE8) ..................................... 19
Figure 12: Exit Sleep Mode .................................................................................................................................. 19
Figure 13: Undershoot of SCL line due to on chip synthesized Zener diode (5V versions only) ......................... 20
Figure 14: PWM timing single (above) and extended PWM (bellow) ................................................................... 21
Figure 15: PWM example single mode ................................................................................................................ 22
Figure 16: Extended PWM format with DUAL [5:1] = 01h (2 repetitions for each data) ...................................... 23
Figure 17: Example: Extended PWM mode readings – sensor 1 above and sensor 2 bellow ........................... 23
Figure 18: Switching from PWM mode to SMBus ................................................................................................ 26
Figure 19: Request (switch to SMBus) condition ................................................................................................. 26
Figure 20: Software flow ....................................................................................................................................... 29
Figure 21: Thermal relay: “PWM” pin versus Tobj ............................................................................................... 30
Figure 22: Accuracy of MLX90614 (Ta, To) ......................................................................................................... 32
Figure 23: Accuracy of MLX90614DAA (Ta, To) for medical applications. Accuracy of the MLX90614DCH and
DCI for VDD = 3V (see paragraph 10.1.3) .................................................................................................... 33
Figure 24: Typical Ta dependence from supply voltage ...................................................................................... 34
Figure 25: Typical To dependence from supply voltage (practically the same as Ta dependence error ............ 34
Figure 26: Typical To compensated dependence error ....................................................................................... 34
Figure 27: Field Of View measurement ................................................................................................................ 35
Figure 28: Typical FOV of MLX90614xAA ........................................................................................................... 35
Figure 29: Typical FOV of MLX90614xBA ........................................................................................................... 36
Figure 30: Identification of zone 1&2 relative to alignment tab ............................................................................ 36
Figure 31: Typical FOV of MLX90614xCC ........................................................................................................... 36
Figure 32: Typical FOV of MLX90614xCF ........................................................................................................... 37
Figure 33: Typical FOV of MLX90614xCH ........................................................................................................... 37
Figure 34: Typical FOV of MLX90614xCI ............................................................................................................ 38
Figure 35: MLX90614 SMBus connection ............................................................................................................ 39
Figure 36: Use of multiple MLX90614 devices in SMBus network ...................................................................... 39
Figure 37: Connection of MLX90614 for PWM output mode ............................................................................... 40
Figure 38: PWM output with SMBus available ..................................................................................................... 40
Figure 39: Thermal alert / thermostat applications of MLX90614 ........................................................................ 40
Figure 40: 12V regulator implementation ............................................................................................................. 41
Figure 41: MLX90614xxA package ...................................................................................................................... 47
Figure 42: MLX90614xCC package ..................................................................................................................... 47
Figure 43: MLX90614xCF package...................................................................................................................... 48
Figure 44: MLX90614xCH package ..................................................................................................................... 48
Figure 45: MLX90614xCI package ....................................................................................................................... 49
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Infra Red Thermometer in TO-39
18 References
[1] System Management Bus (SMBus) Specification Version 2.0 August 3, 2000
SBS Implementers Forum Copyright . 1994, 1995, 1998, 2000
Duracell, Inc., Energizer Power Systems, Inc., Fujitsu, Ltd., Intel Corporation, Linear Technology
Inc., Maxim Integrated Products, Mitsubishi Electric Semiconductor Company, PowerSmart, Inc.,
Toshiba Battery Co. Ltd., Unitrode Corporation, USAR Systems, Inc.
19 Disclaimer
Devices sold by Melexis are covered by the warranty and patent indemnification provisions appearing in
its Term of Sale. Melexis makes no warranty, express, statutory, implied, or by description regarding the
information set forth herein or regarding the freedom of the described devices from patent infringement. Melexis
reserves the right to change specifications and prices at any time and without notice. Therefore, prior to
designing this product into a system, it is necessary to check with Melexis for current information. This product
is intended for use in normal commercial applications. Applications requiring extended temperature range,
unusual environmental requirements, or high reliability applications, such as military, medical life-support or lifesustaining equipment are specifically not recommended without additional processing by Melexis for each
application.
The information furnished by Melexis is believed to be correct and accurate. However, Melexis shall not be
liable to recipient or any third party for any damages, including but not limited to personal injury, property
damage, loss of profits, loss of use, interrupt of business or indirect, special incidental or consequential
damages, of any kind, in connection with or arising out of the furnishing, performance or use of the technical
data herein. No obligation or liability to recipient or any third party shall arise or flow out of Melexis’ rendering of
technical or other services.
© 2015 Melexis NV. All rights reserved.
For the latest version of this document, go to our website at
www.melexis.com
Or for additional information contact Melexis Direct:
Europe, Africa, Asia:
Phone: +32 1367 0495
E-mail: [email protected]
America:
Phone: +1 248 306 5400
E-mail: [email protected]
ISO/TS 16949 and ISO14001 Certified
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