A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated AP1694A PRODUCT NEW PRODUCT NEW OFFLINE, HIGH PF, HIGH EFFICIENCY DIMMABLE LED DRIVER CONTROLLER Description Features The AP1694A is a high performance AC/DC power factor corrector for mains dimmable LED driver applications. The device uses Pulse Frequency Modulation (PFM) technology to regulate output current while achieving high power factor and low THD. It operates as a BCM (Boundary Conduction Mode) controller which is good for EMI. The AP1694A provides accurate constant current (CC) regulation while removing the opto-coupler and secondary control circuitry. It also eliminates the need of loop compensation circuitry while maintaining stability. It can meet the requirement of IEC6100-3-2 harmonic standard. The AP1694A features low start-up current, low operation current. It adopts valley on switching mode to achieve high efficiency. It also has rich protection features including over voltage, short circuit, over temperature protection. The AP1694A provides the dimmable LED driver with a wide dimmer compatibility including leading edge and trailing edge dimmer. The AP1694A can achieve deep dimming down to 1%, while the dimming curve is compliant with the standard of NEMA SSL6. The AP1694A is available in SO-8 package. Primary Side Control for Output Current Regulation without Optocoupler Boundary Conduction Mode (BCM) Operation to Achieve Highefficiency High PF and Low THD (PF > 0.9, THD < 30%) High Efficiency without Dimmer Wide Range of Dimmer Compatibility Dimming Curve Compliant with NEMA SSL6 Low Start-up Current Tight LED Current Tight LED Open Voltage Valley-mode Switching to Minimize the Transition Loss Mosfet driver up to 25W Easy EMI Internal Protections: Under Voltage Lock Out(UVLO) Leading-edge Blanking (LEB) Output Short Protection Output Open Protection Over Temperature Protection Flexible for Design with Small Form Factor and Very Low BOM Cost Totally Lead-Free & Fully RoHS Compliant (Notes 1 & 2) Halogen and Antimony Free. “Green” Device (Note 3) Pin Assignments Applications (Top View) NC 1 8 VCC RI 2 7 OUT SGND 3 6 GND CS 4 5 FB Mains Dimmable LED Lighting SO-8 Notes: 1. No purposely added lead. Fully EU Directive 2002/95/EC (RoHS) & 2011/65/EU (RoHS 2) compliant. 2. See http://www.diodes.com/quality/lead_free.html for more information about Diodes Incorporated’s definitions of Halogen- and Antimony-free, "Green" and Lead-free. 3. Halogen- and Antimony-free "Green” products are defined as those which contain <900ppm bromine, <900ppm chlorine (<1500ppm total Br + Cl) and <1000ppm antimony compounds. AP1694A Document number: DS37094 Rev. 1 - 2 1 of 15 www.diodes.com May 2014 © Diodes Incorporated A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated AP1694A Typical Applications Circuit L1 L RF BD1 R9 R3 R2 PRODUCT NEW PRODUCT NEW C1 N F1 + D2 C4 OUT Q2 C2 TVS1 T1 D1 Z1 R4 C3 R5 VCC R1 FB Q1 RI OUT SGND GND R6 CS R7 R8 U1 AP1694A Typical Buck Application L1 L RF BD1 R9 R3 R2 C1 N F1 TVS1 Q2 C4 C2 D1 + OUT R4 T1 Z1 R5 C3 D2 R6 VCC FB R1 RI SGND GND Q1 OUT CS R7 R8 U1 AP1694A Typical Buck-boost Application AP1694A Document number: DS37094 Rev. 1 - 2 2 of 15 www.diodes.com May 2014 © Diodes Incorporated A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated AP1694A Typical Applications Circuit (Cont.) L1 L RF R9 PRODUCT NEW PRODUCT NEW F1 TVS1 C5 R3 R2 C1 N D2 R10 BD1 + D3 Q2 C2 D1 C4 OUT R4 Z1 T1 R5 C3 R6 VCC FB R1 RI Q1 OUT SGND CS GND R7 R8 U1 AP1694A Typical Fly-back Application Pin Descriptions Pin Number Pin Name 1 NC No connection. 2 RI The initial on time setting resistor. 3 SGND 4 CS Primary current sensing. 5 FB The feedback voltage from auxiliary winding. 6 GND Ground. 7 OUT Gate driver output. 8 VCC Supply voltage of gate driver and control circuits of the IC. AP1694A Document number: DS37094 Rev. 1 - 2 Function Must connect to GND. 3 of 15 www.diodes.com May 2014 © Diodes Incorporated A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated AP1694A Functional Block Diagram VCC 8 Vdd CS_OCP Power_EN Vref 5 PRODUCT NEW PRODUCT NEW FB Tons Detector 2 RI Regulator& Bias FB_CV PRO Protection & Latch FB_OVP VCC_OVP Tons Set Initial Tonp CC_CTRL S PFM Logic Q TONP_CTRL 7 Driver OUT R 3 SGND Vcs_valley 4 CS Vcsmax Constant Turn-on Time Generation 6 GND Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 4) (@TA = +25°C, unless otherwise specified.) Symbol Parameter Rating Unit VCC Power Supply Voltage -0.3 to 35 V IOUT Driver Output Current 150 mA VCS Voltage at CS to GND -0.3 to 7 V VFB FB Input Voltage -40 to 10 V Operating Junction Temperature -40 to +150 °C TSTG Storage Temperature -65 to +150 °C TLEAD Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) +300 °C PD Power Dissipation (TA = +50C) 0.65 W θJA Thermal Resistance (Junction to Ambient) 160 °C/W TJ – ESD (Human Body Model) ±2000 V – ESD (Machine Model) ±200 V Note 4: Stresses greater than those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “Recommended Operating Conditions” is not implied. Exposure to “Absolute Maximum Ratings” for extended periods may affect device reliability. AP1694A Document number: DS37094 Rev. 1 - 2 4 of 15 www.diodes.com May 2014 © Diodes Incorporated A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated AP1694A Recommended Operating Conditions Symbol Parameter Max Unit VCC Power Supply Voltage 7 25 V TA Ambient Temperature -40 +105 °C Electrical Characteristics PRODUCT NEW PRODUCT NEW Min (@TA = +25°C, unless otherwise specified.) Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit UVLO Section Start-up Threshold – 13 14.5 16 V Minimum Operating Voltage After turn on 5.5 6.5 7.5 V VCC OVP Voltage – 27 29 31 V VCC Delatch Voltage (Note 5) – 3 4 5 V Start-up Current VCC = VTH (ST) -0.5V, Before start up – – 20 µA Operating Current Static – 900 1300 µA Gate Voltage – 11 12 14 V ISOURCE_L Low Driver Source Current – 35 40 45 mA ISOURCE_H High Driver Source Current – 90 100 120 mA Sink Resistance – 6 7 8 Ω Current Sense Reference – – 1 – V Current Sense Reference Clamp – 1.2 1.4 – V Minimum tONP – 700 – 1000 ns Delay to Output (Note 5) – 50 150 250 ns Feedback Pin Input Leakage Current VFB = 2V – – 4 µA VFB_CV FB CV Threshold – 3.8 4 4.2 V VFB_OVP FB OVP Threshold – 4.5 6 7.5 V System Output Current On Final Test Board – – – ±2 % VTH (ST) VOPR (Min) VCC_OVP – Standby Current Section IST ICC (OPR) Drive Output Section VGATE RDS(on) Current Sense Section VCS_REF VCS_CLAMP tONP_MIN tD(H-L) Feedback Input Section IFB Output Current – Over Temperature Protection Section – Shutdown Temperature (Note 5) – +150 – – °C – Temperature Hysteresis (Note 5) – – +20 – °C Note 5: These parameters, although guaranteed by design, are not 100% tested in production. AP1694A Document number: DS37094 Rev. 1 - 2 5 of 15 www.diodes.com May 2014 © Diodes Incorporated A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated AP1694A Performance Characteristics CV Threshold vs. Supply Voltage Start-up Voltage vs. Ambient Temperature 4.2 16.0 15.5 4.1 Start-up Voltage (V) CV Threshold (V) 3.9 3.8 14.5 14.0 13.5 13.0 3.7 12.5 3.6 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 12.0 -40 28 -20 0 Supply Voltage (V) 20 40 60 80 100 120 o Ambient Temperature ( C) Minimal Operating Voltage vs. Ambient Temperature Start-up Current vs. Ambient Temperature 7.2 2.0 7.1 7.0 6.9 Start-up Current (A) Minimal Operating Voltage (V) 1.8 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.5 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 6.4 0.8 6.3 6.2 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 0.6 -40 120 -20 0 o 20 40 60 80 100 120 o Ambient Temperature ( C) Ambient Temperature ( C) Operating Current vs. Ambient Temperature CV Threshold vs. Ambient Temperature 1000 4.50 4.25 CV Threshold (V) 900 Operating Current (A) PRODUCT NEW PRODUCT NEW 15.0 4.0 800 700 4.00 3.75 3.50 600 3.25 500 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 3.00 -40 o AP1694A Document number: DS37094 Rev. 1 - 2 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 o Ambient Temperature ( C) Ambient Temperature ( C) 6 of 15 www.diodes.com May 2014 © Diodes Incorporated A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated AP1694A Performance Characteristics (Cont.) FB Leakage Current vs. Ambient Temperature Supply Current vs. Supply Voltage 2.25 1200 1000 Supply Current (A) FB Leakage Current (A) PRODUCT NEW PRODUCT NEW 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 -40 800 600 400 200 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 0 120 Ambient Temperature ( C) AP1694A Document number: DS37094 Rev. 1 - 2 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 Supply Voltage (V) o 7 of 15 www.diodes.com May 2014 © Diodes Incorporated A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated AP1694A Application Information Based on Buck Structure The AP1694A uses constant on time control method within one AC cycle to achieve the high power factor. When the dimmer is connected to the driver, although a part of input voltage is cut off by the dimmer, the system still operates as constant on time mode, in this way good dimmer compatibility can be realized. L1 RF L BD1 PRODUCT NEW PRODUCT NEW R9 R3 R2 C1 F1 N TVS1 + D2 C4 OUT Q2 C2 T1 D1 Z1 R4 C3 R5 VCC R1 FB Q1 RI OUT SGND GND R6 CS R7 R8 U1 AP1694A Figure 1. Typical Buck Application Circuit When the dimmer is connected, and the conduction angle of the dimmer is can be got as below: , according to the control principle of the IC, the output current 1 Vcs _ ref sin( ) if（ ） 1 I o ( , ) I pk ( , ) 2 R8 2 0 else In consider of the dead zone of the buck structure, the output current DC value can be calculated as below: I o _ mean k 1 0 I o ( , )d Where, Vcs _ ref is the reference of the current sense, and the typical value is 1V. is the cut off angle of dimmer. is the phase of the input voltage. k is the current modification coefficient , and the value is approximate to be 0.7. When no dimmer is connected with the driver ( I o _ mean k 0 ), the output current DC value can be got as: 1 Vcs_ref R8 AP1694A Document number: DS37094 Rev. 1 - 2 8 of 15 www.diodes.com May 2014 © Diodes Incorporated A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated AP1694A Application Information Based on Buck Structure (Cont.) Design Parameters Setting the Current Sense Resistor R8 According to the equation of the output current, the current sense resistor R8 is determined: PRODUCT NEW PRODUCT NEW R8 k Vcs _ ref I o _ mean Transformer Selection The typical non-isolated buck circuit in Figure 1 is usually selected, and the system is operating at boundary conduction mode. The switching frequency at the crest is set as fmin, the inductance can be calculated as below: L ( 2 Vin _ rms Vo ) R8 Vo Vcs _ ref 2 Vin _ rms f min Where, Vo is the output voltage. Vin _ rms is the RMS value of the input voltage. According to Ferrari's law of electromagnetic induction, the winding turns number of the buck inductance N L is: NL L i pk Ae Bm L Vcs _ ref Ae Bm R8 Where, Ae is the core effective area. Bm is the maximum magnetic flux density. The auxiliary winding is power supply for VCC, the winding turns number Naux is: N aux N L Vcc Vo Vd Where, VCC is the power supply voltage for IC from auxiliary winding. Vd is the voltage drop of the freewheel diode. Setting the Initial On Time As the AP1694A adopts constant on time control method, the AP1694A will generate an initial on time to start a working cycle. If the initial on time is longer than the rated on time, overshoot will happen. The initial on time is determined by resister R1 shown in Figure 1. According to initial on time generation mechanism, the ton_initial is: ton _ initial 80 R11012 s To guarantee the system with no overshoot phenomenon, the resistor R1 is selected: R1 1.25 L 1010 R8 2U in _ rms _ max AP1694A Document number: DS37094 Rev. 1 - 2 9 of 15 www.diodes.com May 2014 © Diodes Incorporated A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated AP1694A Application Information Based on Buck Structure (Cont.) In dimmable application, on the condition of the acceptable line regulation, the smaller R1 is selected will be better for dimming performance. Valley On Control Method The valley on function can provide low turn-on switching losses for buck converter. The voltage across the power switch is reflected by the auxiliary winding of the buck transformer. The voltage is sensed by FB pin. PRODUCT NEW PRODUCT NEW FB 0.1V Valley 1µs Figure 2.Valley On Control According to Figure 2, when the falling edge of 0.1V is sensed by FB pin, the AP1694A will see the toff time is over and delay 1µs to start a new operating cycle. By this way we can realize valley on function. Passive Damping and Bleeder Design The passive bleeder is designed to supply latching and holding current to eliminate misfire and flicker. L RF Passive Bleeding L1 Damping DB1 R9 C1 N F1 C2 Figure 3. LED Driver Schematic with Passive Bleeder A passive bleeder is composed of a resister (R9) and a capacitor (C2). C1 is input filter capacitor and RF is damper resistor. The passive bleeder includes a capacitor (C2, hundreds of nF) to provide latching current. To remove the voltage and current spike, a resistor (R9) is necessary to dampen the spike. In dimmable application, because a large C2 will affect the PF, THD and efficiency, the value of the capacitor (C2) should be selected suitable. Generally, 100nF/400V to 330nF/400V is recommended. RF is the damper for reducing the spike current caused by quick charging of C2 at firing. RF is selected from 20Ω to 100Ω for low line application, and 51Ω to 200Ω for high line application. If R9 is too small, R9 can’t fully dampen the spike current and ringing current will occur. The ringing current will cause the TRIAC misfire which will cause LED flicking. Another consideration in R9 selection is power loss, too large R9 will make more power dissipation. Generally, a 200Ω to 2KΩ resistor is selected for R9. AP1694A Document number: DS37094 Rev. 1 - 2 10 of 15 www.diodes.com May 2014 © Diodes Incorporated A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated AP1694A Application Information Based on Buck Structure (Cont.) Fault Protection Over Voltage Protection and Output Open Protection VCC PRODUCT NEW PRODUCT NEW RFB1 FB RFB2 AP1694A Figure 4. OVP Circuit The output voltage is sensed by the auxiliary winding voltage of the Buck transformer, the VCC pin and FB pin provide over voltage protection function. When the output is open or large transient happens, the output voltage will exceed the rated value. When the voltage of Vcc cap exceeds VCC_OVP or VFB_CV, the over voltage is triggered and the IC will discharge VCC. When the VCC is below the UVLO threshold voltage, IC will start a new work cycle and the Vcc cap is charged again by start resistance. If the over voltage condition still exists, the system will work in hiccup mode. Attention: If the external fast startup circuit is adding in the application and the over voltage protection and output open protection happen, the IC will trigger latch. Output Short Protection When the output is shorted, the output voltage will be clamped at 0. At this condition, VCC will drop down without auxiliary winding for power supply. And the VCC will drop to UVLO threshold voltage, the IC will shut down and restart a new operating cycle, and the V CC is charged by startup resistance. When VCC is higher than Vcc_start voltage, IC will output a bunch of pulse to control power switch on and off. When still no FB signal detected the device will not output more pulse. So the VCC will drop to VCC UVLO threshold again. If output short condition still exists, the system will operate in hiccup mode. Attention: If the external fast startup circuit is adding in the application, the device will not work at UVLO mode, and the device will work at minimum toff mode. Over Temperature Protection AP1694A has two kinds of over temperature protection processes. First, the system is operating normally, the ambient temperature is changed to +170°C suddenly, the IC will trigger over temperature protection which leads to a latch work mode. Second, if the system starts when the ambient temperature is higher than +150°C, over temperature protection will be triggered. So the AP1694A can startup successfully when the ambient temperature is less than +150°C. Components Selection Guide If the system’s spec is changed, please refer to the design sheet of the AP1694A and select the compatible system parameter. When the system needs to be adjusted slightly, please refer to the table below and adjust the value of the related component. Item Description Related Components Output current R8 Small current ripple is good for LED life C4 ton_initial System initial on time, used to startup the system R1 Output Open Voltage Setting the output voltage when the LED is open R5, R6 Dimming Performance Improve the dimming performance IO Output Current Ripple EMI Line Compensation AP1694A Document number: DS37094 Rev. 1 - 2 Pass EN 55022 class B with 6DB margin To get a good line regulation 11 of 15 www.diodes.com R1, RF, R9, C2, C4 L1, C1 R7 May 2014 © Diodes Incorporated A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated AP1694A Ordering Information AP1694A X XX – G1 PRODUCT NEW PRODUCT NEW Product Name Package Packing RoHS/Green M : SO-8 TR : Tape & Reel G1 : Green Diodes IC’s Pb-free products with "G1" suffix in the part number, are RoHS compliant and green. Package Temperature Range SO-8 -40°C to +105°C Part Number AP1694AMTR-G1 Marking ID 1694AM-G1 Packing 4000/13’’Tape & Reel Marking Information (Top View) 1694A M-G1 YWWAXX AP1694A Document number: DS37094 Rev. 1 - 2 First and Second Lines: Logo and Marking ID Third Line: Date Code Y: Year WW: Work Week of Molding A: Assembly House Code th th XX: 7 and 8 Digits of Batch No. 12 of 15 www.diodes.com May 2014 © Diodes Incorporated A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated AP1694A Package Outline Dimensions (All dimensions in mm (inch).) (1) Package Type: SO-8 4.700(0.185) 5.100(0. 201) 7° ~ 9° 0.320(0. 013) TYP 1.350(0. 053) 1.750(0. 069) PRODUCT NEW PRODUCT NEW 8° 8° ~ 9° 7° 0.600(0. 024) 0.725(0. 029) D 5.800(0. 228) 6.200(0. 244) 1.270(0. 050) TYP D 20:1 0.300(0. 012) R0.150(0.006) 0.100(0. 004) 1.000(0. 039) TYP 3.800(0. 150) Option 1 4.000(0. 157) 0.300(0. 012) 0.150(0. 006) 0.250(0. 010) Option 1 0° 8° 1° 7° 0.510(0. 020) R0.150(0.006) 0.450(0. 017) 0.820(0. 032) Option 2 0.350(0. 014) TYP Note: Eject hole , oriented hole and mold mark is optional . AP1694A Document number: DS37094 Rev. 1 - 2 13 of 15 www.diodes.com May 2014 © Diodes Incorporated A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated AP1694A Suggested Pad Layout (1) Package Type: SO-8 PRODUCT NEW PRODUCT NEW Grid placement courtyard G Z Y E X Dimensions Z (mm)/(inch) G (mm)/(inch) X (mm)/(inch) Y (mm)/(inch) E (mm)/(inch) Value 6.900/0.272 3.900/0.154 0.650/0.026 1.500/0.059 1.270/0.050 AP1694A Document number: DS37094 Rev. 1 - 2 14 of 15 www.diodes.com May 2014 © Diodes Incorporated A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated AP1694A IMPORTANT NOTICE PRODUCT NEW PRODUCT NEW DIODES INCORPORATED MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH REGARDS TO THIS DOCUMENT, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE (AND THEIR EQUIVALENTS UNDER THE LAWS OF ANY JURISDICTION). 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