L6491 High voltage high and low-side 4 A gate driver Datasheet - production data Applications Motor driver for home appliances, factory automation, industrial drives and fans HID ballasts Power supply unit SO-14 Induction heating Wireless chargers Features Industrial inverters UPS High voltage rail up to 600 V dV/dt immunity ± 50 V/ns in full temperature range Description Driver current capability: 4 A source/sink The L6491 is a high voltage device manufactured with the BCD6 “OFF-LINE” technology. It is a single-chip half-bridge gate driver for N-channel power MOSFET or IGBT. Switching times 15 ns rise/fall with 1 nF load 3.3 V, 5 V TTL/CMOS inputs with hysteresis Integrated bootstrap diode Comparator for fault protections Smart shutdown function Adjustable deadtime Interlocking function Compact and simplified layout The high-side (floating) section is designed to stand a voltage rail up to 600 V. The logic inputs are CMOS/TTL compatible down to 3.3 V for easy interfacing microcontroller/DSP. An integrated comparator is available for fast protection against overcurrent, overtemperature, etc. Bill of material reduction Table 1. Device summary Effective fault protection Flexible, easy and fast design March 2015 This is information on a product in full production. Order code Package Packaging L6491D SO-14 Tube L6491DTR SO-14 Tape and reel DocID024832 Rev 1 1/24 www.st.com Contents L6491 Contents 1 Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 Pin connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3 Truth table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4 Electrical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5 4.1 Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4.2 Thermal data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4.3 Recommended operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5.1 AC operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5.2 DC operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 6 Waveform definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 7 Smart shutdown function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 8 Typical application diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 9 Bootstrap driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 CBOOT selection and charging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 10 Package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 11 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2/24 DocID024832 Rev 1 L6491 1 Block diagram Block diagram Figure 1. Block diagram VCC PGND DocID024832 Rev 1 3/24 24 Pin connection 2 L6491 Pin connection Figure 2. Pin connection (top view) /,1 %227 6' 2' +9* +,1 287 9&& 1& '7 &3 6*1' &3 3*1' /9* $0 Table 2. Pin description Pin number Pin name Type 1 LIN I 2 SD/OD(1) I/O 3 HIN I High-side driver logic input (active high) 4 VCC P Lower section supply voltage 5 DT I Deadtime setting 6 SGND P Signal ground 7 PGND P Power ground 8 (1) LVG O Low-side driver output 9 CP- I Comparator negative input 10 CP+ I Comparator positive input 11 NC 12 OUT P High-side (floating) common voltage 13 HVG(1) O High-side driver output 14 BOOT P Bootstrapped supply voltage Function Low-side driver logic input (active low) Shutdown logic input (active low)/open-drain comparator output Not connected 1. The circuit guarantees less than 1 V on the LVG and HVG pins (at Isink = 10 mA), with VCC > 3 V. This allows omitting the “bleeder” resistor connected between the gate and the source of the external MOSFET normally used to hold the pin low. When the SD is set low, gate driver outputs are forced low and assure low impedance. 4/24 DocID024832 Rev 1 L6491 3 Truth table Truth table Table 3. Truth table Input Output SD LIN HIN LVG HVG L X(1) X(1) L L H H L L L H L H L L H L L H L H H H L H 1. X: don't care. DocID024832 Rev 1 5/24 24 Electrical data L6491 4 Electrical data 4.1 Absolute maximum ratings Table 4. Absolute maximum ratings(1) Value Symbol Parameter Unit Min. Max. -0.3 21 V Low-side driver ground VCC - 21 VCC + 0.3 V Vout Output voltage Vboot - 21 Vboot + 0.3 V Vboot Bootstrap voltage -0.3 620 V Vhvg High-side gate output voltage Vout - 0.3 Vboot + 0.3 V Vlvg Low-side gate output voltage PGND - 0.3 VCC + 0.3 V -0.3 5.5 V -0.3 5.5 V VCC VPGND VcpVcp+ Supply voltage Comparator negative input Comparator positive input voltage(2) voltage(2) Vi Logic input voltage -0.3 15 V VOD Open-drain voltage -0.3 15 V 50 V/ns dvout / dt Allowed output slew rate Ptot Total power dissipation (TA = 25 °C) 1.0 W TJ Junction temperature 150 °C Tstg Storage temperature 150 °C ESD Human body model -50 2 kV 1. Each voltage referred to SGND unless otherwise specified. 2. Spikes up to 20 V can be tolerated if the duration is shorter than 50 ns (fSW = 120 kHz). 4.2 Thermal data Table 5. Thermal data Symbol Rth(JA) 6/24 Parameter Thermal resistance junction to ambient DocID024832 Rev 1 SO-14 Unit 120 °C/W L6491 4.3 Electrical data Recommended operating conditions Table 6. Recommended operating conditions Symbol Pin VCC 4 VPS(1) 7-6 VBO(2) 1. Parameter Test conditions Min. Max. Unit 10 20 V Low-side driver ground -1.5 +1.5 V 14 - 12 Floating supply voltage 9.3 20 V 580 V Supply voltage (3) Vout 12 DC output voltage -9 VCP- 9 Comparator negative input pin voltage VCP+ 2.5 V 5(4) V VCP+ 10 Comparator positive input pin voltage VCP- 2.5 V 5(4) V fsw Switching frequency HVG, LVG load CL = 1 nF 800 kHz TJ Junction temperature 125 °C -40 VPS = VPGND - SGND. 2. VBO = Vboot - Vout. 3. LVG off. VCC = 12.5 V. Logic is operational if Vboot > 5 V. 4. At least one of the comparator's inputs must be lower than 2.5 V to guarantee proper operation. DocID024832 Rev 1 7/24 24 Electrical characteristics L6491 5 Electrical characteristics 5.1 AC operation Table 7. AC operation electrical characteristics (VCC = 15 V; PGND = SGND; TJ = +25 °C) Symbol ton toff tsd Pin Parameter Test conditions High/low-side driver turn-on OUT = 0 V 1 vs. 8 propagation delay 3 vs 13 High/low-side driver turn-off BOOT = VCC CL = 1 nF propagation delay Vi = 0 to 3.3 V 2 vs. Shutdown to high/low-side see Figure 3 8, 13 driver propagation delay tisd Comparator triggering to Measured applying a voltage step from high/low-side driver turn-off 0 V to 3.3 V to pin CP+; CP- = 0.5 V propagation delay MT Delay matching, HS and LS turn-on/off(1) DT Deadtime setting range see Figure 4 5 MDT tr tf Matching 8,13 deadtime(2) 85 120 ns 85 120 ns 85 120 ns 175 220 ns 30 ns RDT = 0 , CL = 1 nF 0.12 0.18 0.24 µs RDT = 100 k, CL = 1 nF, CDT = 100 nF 1.2 1.4 1.6 µs RDT = 200 k, CL = 1 nF, CDT = 100 nF 2.2 2.6 3 µs RDT = 0 , CL = 1 nF 50 ns RDT = 100 k, CL = 1 nF, CDT = 100 nF 165 ns RDT = 200 k, CL = 1 nF, CDT = 100 nF 260 ns Rise time CL = 1 nF 15 40 ns Fall time CL = 1 nF 15 40 ns 1. MT = max. (|ton(LVG) - toff(LVG)|, |ton(HVG) - toff(HVG)|, |toff(LVG) - ton(HVG)|, |toff(HVG) - ton(LVG)|). 2. MDT = | DTLH - DTHL | (see Figure 5 on page 14). 8/24 Min. Typ. Max. Unit DocID024832 Rev 1 L6491 Electrical characteristics Figure 3. Timing /,1 WU WI /9* W RQ W RII +,1 WU WI +9* W RQ W RII 6' WI /9*+9* W VG $0 DocID024832 Rev 1 9/24 24 Electrical characteristics L6491 Figure 4. Typical deadtime vs. DT resistor value $SSUR[LPDWHGIRUPXODIRU5GW FDOFXODWLRQ W\S 5 GW >N:@ '7>V@ '7>V@ 5GW >N:@ 10/24 DocID024832 Rev 1 $0 L6491 5.2 Electrical characteristics DC operation Table 8. DC operation electrical characteristics (VCC = 15 V; PGND = SGND; TJ = + 25 °C) Symbol Pin Min. Typ. Max. Unit VCC UV hysteresis 0.5 0.6 0.72 V Vcc_thON VCC UV turn-ON threshold 8.7 9.3 9.8 V Vcc_thOFF VCC UV turn-OFF threshold 8.2 8.7 9.2 V Undervoltage quiescent supply current VCC = 8 V SD = 5 V; LIN = 5 V; HIN = SGND; RDT = 0 ; CP+ = SGND; CP- = 5 V 160 210 A Quiescent current VCC = 15 V SD = 5 V; LIN = 5 V; HIN = SGND; RDT = 0 ; CP+ = SGND; CP- = 5 V 540 700 A 0.48 0.6 0.7 V Vcc_hys Iqccu Iqcc 4 Parameter Test conditions Bootstrapped supply voltage section(1) VBO_hys VBO UV hysteresis VBO_thON VBO UV turn-ON threshold 8 8.6 9.1 V VBO_thOFF VBO UV turn-OFF threshold 7.5 8.0 8.5 V IQBOU VCC = VBO = 7 V SD = 5 V; LIN and Undervoltage VBO quiescent HIN = 5 V; 14-12 current RDT = 0 ; CP+ = SGND; CP- = 5 V 20 30 A IQBO VBO = 15 V SD = 5 V; LIN and HIN = 5 V; RDT = 0 ; CP+ = SGND; CP- = 5 V 90 120 A 8 A ILK RDS(on) VBO quiescent current High voltage leakage current BOOT = HVG = OUT = 600 V Bootstrap driver on resistance(2) 175 DocID024832 Rev 1 11/24 24 Electrical characteristics L6491 Table 8. DC operation electrical characteristics (VCC = 15 V; PGND = SGND; TJ = + 25 °C) (continued) Symbol Pin Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. LVG/HVG ON TJ = 25 °C 3.5 4 Full temperature range 2.5 LVG/HVG OFF TJ = 25 °C 3.5 Full temperature range 2.5 Max. Unit Driving buffer section High/low-side source peak current Iso 8, 13 High/low-side sink peak current Isi A A 4 A A Logic inputs Vil Low level logic threshold Vih 1, 2, 3 High level logic threshold voltage VSSD 2 1, 3 LIN and HIN connected together and floating HIN logic “1” input bias current HIN = 15 V IHINl HIN logic “0” input bias current HIN = 0 V ILINl LIN logic “0” input bias current LIN = 0 V ILINh LIN logic “1” input bias current LIN = 15 V ISDh SD logic “1” input bias current SD = 15 V SD logic “0” input bias current SD = 0 V IHINh 3 1 2 ISDl 1.45 V 2 2.5 V 0.8 V 0.8 V 260 A 1 A 15 A 1 A 60 A 1 A SmartSD unlatch threshold Single input voltage Vil_S 0.95 120 5 20 200 10 40 1. VBO = Vboot - Vout. 2. RDS(on) is tested in the following way: RDS(on) = [(VCC - VBOOT1) - (VCC - VBOOT2)] / [I1(VCC, VBOOT1) - I2(VCC, VBOOT2)] where I1 is pin 14 current when VBOOT = VBOOT1, I2 when VBOOT = VBOOT2. 12/24 DocID024832 Rev 1 L6491 Electrical characteristics Table 9. Sense comparator(1) (VCC = 15 V, TJ = +25 °C) Symbol Pin Parameter Vio 9, 10 Input offset voltage Iib 9, 10 Input bias current IOD 2 td_comp SR 2 Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit 15 mV 1 A 20 27 mA 155 ns -15 VCP+ = 1 V, VCP- = 1 V Open-drain low level sink current SD\OD = 400 mV, VCP+ = 1 V; VCP - = 0.5 V; Comparator delay Rpu = 100 k to 5 V; VCP - = 0.5 V; voltage step on CP+ = 0 to 3.3 V; 50% CP+ to 90% SD 100 Slew rate CL = 10 nF; Rpu = 5 k to 5 V; 90% SD to 10% SD 10 13 V/s 1. Comparator is disabled when VCC is in UVLO condition. DocID024832 Rev 1 13/24 24 Waveform definitions 6 L6491 Waveform definitions Figure 5. Deadtime and interlocking waveform definitions /9* ,,17 (5/ 2&. ,1 +,1 ,17 &21752/6,*1$/('*( 29(5/$33(' ,17(5/2&.,1*'($'7,0( (5/ 2&. ,1 * * /,1 '7+/ '7/+ +9* JDWHGULYHURXWSXWV2)) +$/)%5,'*(67$7( JDWHGULYHURXWSXWV2)) +$/)%5,'*(67$7( /,1 &21752/6,*1$/('*( 6<1&+521286 '($'7,0( +,1 /9* '7/+ '7+/ +9* JDWHGULYHURXWSXWV2)) +$/)%5,'*(67$7( JDWHGULYHURXWSXWV2)) +$/)%5,'*(67$7( /,1 &21752/6,*1$/('*( 12729(5/$33(' %87,16,'(7+('($'7,0( '($'7,0( +,1 /9* '7/+ '7+/ +9* JDWHGULYHURXWSXWV2)) +$/)%5,'*(67$7( JDWHGULYHURXWSXWV2)) +$/)%5,'*(67$7( /,1 &21752/6,*1$/('*( 12729(5/$33(' 2876,'(7+('($'7,0( ',5(&7'5,9,1* +,1 /9* '7/+ '7+/ +9* JDWHGULYHURXWSXWV2)) +$/)%5,'*(67$7( JDWHGULYHURXWSXWV2)) +$/)%5,'*(67$7( +,1DQG/,1FDQEHFRQQHFWHGWRJKHWHUDQGGULYHQE\MXVWRQHFRQWUROVLJQDO $0 14/24 DocID024832 Rev 1 L6491 7 Smart shutdown function Smart shutdown function The L6491 device integrates a comparator committed to the fault sensing function. The comparator input can be connected to an external shunt resistor in order to implement a simple overcurrent detection function. The output signal of the comparator is fed to an integrated MOSFET with the open-drain output available on pin 2, shared with the SD input. When the comparator triggers, the device is set in shutdown state and both its outputs are set to low level leaving the halfbridge in 3-state. Figure 6. Smart shutdown timing waveforms &3 &3 +,1/,1 3527(&7,21 +9* /9* 6'2' 2SHQGUDLQJDWH LQWHUQDO GLVDEOHWLPH )DVWVKXWGRZQ 7KHGULYHURXWSXWVDUHVHWLQ6'VWDWHLPPHGLDWHO\DIWHUWKHFRPSDUDWRU WULJJHULQJHYHQLIWKH6'VLJQDOKDVQRW\HWUHDFKWKHORZHULQSXWWKUHVKROG $QDSSUR[LPDWLRQRIWKHGLVDEOHWLPHLVJLYHQE\ 6+87'2:1&,5&8,7 9 %,$6 ZKHUH 5 6' 6'2' )52072 &21752//(5 & 6' 5 21B2' 60$57 6' /2*,& 5 3'B6' $0 DocID024832 Rev 1 15/24 24 Smart shutdown function L6491 In common overcurrent protection architectures, the comparator output is usually connected to the SD input and an RC network is connected to this SD/OD line in order to provide a monostable circuit, which implements a protection time following the fault condition. Differently from the common fault detection systems, the L6491 smart shutdown architecture allows immediate turn-off of the output gate driver in case of fault, by minimizing the propagation delay between the fault detection event and the current output switch-off. In fact the time delay between the fault and the output turn-off is no longer dependent on the RC value of the external network connected to the SD/OD pin. In the smart shutdown circuitry, the fault signal has a preferential path which directly switches off the outputs after the comparator triggering. At the same time, the internal logic turns on the open-drain output and holds it on until the SD voltage goes below the smartSD unlatch threshold VSSD. When such threshold is reached, the open-drain output is turned off, allowing the external pull-up to recharge the capacitor. The driver outputs restart following the input pins as soon as the voltage at the SD/OD pin reaches the higher threshold of the SD logic input. The smart shutdown system gives the possibility to increase the time constant of the external RC network (that determines the disable time after the fault event) up to very large values without increasing the delay time of the protection. Any external signal provided to the SD pin is not latched and can be used as control signal in order to perform, for instance, PWM chopping through this pin. In fact when a PWM signal is applied to the SD input and the logic inputs of the gate driver are stable, the outputs switch from the low level to the state defined by the logic inputs and vice versa. 16/24 DocID024832 Rev 1 L6491 Typical application diagram 8 Typical application diagram Figure 7. Typical application diagram VCC VCC BOOTSTRAP DRIVER FLOATING STRUCTURE 4 14 BOOT + CVCC1 H.V. Cboot HVG DRIVER FROM CONTROLLER HIN 3 LEVEL SHIFTER Rfilt Cfilt 13 HVG 12 OUT Rg 5V LOGIC LIN FROM CONTROLLER SHOOT THROUGH PREVENTION 1 Rfilt Cfilt VCC Vpu FROM/TO CONTROLLER RSD SD/OD TO LOAD LVG DRIVER 8 LVG 10 CP+ 2 PGND 5V SMART SD CSD COMPARATOR + - CP9 DT Rg DEAD 5 RLP CLP Vpu VCC Rp1 CVCC2 TIME RDT CDT SGND Rshunt 7 6 Cp2 Rp2 PGND System power ground Figure 8. Suggested PCB layout Vpu SD/OD CBOOT LIN Rfilt HIN Rfilt Cfilt CVCC1 RDT CDT Cfilt RSD CSD SGND plane CLP Cp2 Cp+ VCC Rg Vpu CVCC2 Rp2 Rp1 RLP uC Signal GROUND Rshunt BOTTOM layer TOP layer POWER GROUND DocID024832 Rev 1 17/24 24 Bootstrap driver 9 L6491 Bootstrap driver A bootstrap circuitry is needed to supply the high voltage section. This function is usually accomplished by a high voltage fast recovery diode (Figure 9). In the L6491 an integrated structure replaces the external diode. CBOOT selection and charging To choose the proper CBOOT value the external MOS can be seen as an equivalent capacitor. This capacitor CEXT is related to the MOS total gate charge: Equation 1 Q gate C EXT = -------------V gate The ratio between the capacitors CEXT and CBOOT is proportional to the cyclical voltage loss. It has to be: Equation 2 C BOOT >>>C EXT if Qgate is 30 nC and Vgate is 10 V, CEXT is 3 nF. With CBOOT = 100 nF the drop is 300 mV. If HVG has to be supplied for a long time, the CBOOT selection has also to take into account the leakage and quiescent losses. HVG steady-state consumption is lower than 120 A, so if HVG TON is 5 ms, CBOOT has to supply CEXT with 0.6 C. This charge on a 1 F capacitor means a voltage drop of 0.6 V. The internal bootstrap driver gives a great advantage: the external fast recovery diode can be avoided (it usually has great leakage current). This structure can work only if VOUT is close to SGND (or lower) and in the meanwhile the LVG is on. The charging time (Tcharge) of the CBOOT is the time in which both conditions are fulfilled and it has to be long enough to charge the capacitor. The bootstrap driver introduces a voltage drop due to the DMOS RDS(on) (typical value: 175 ). At low frequency this drop can be neglected. Anyway, the rise of frequency has to take into account. The following equation is useful to compute the drop on the bootstrap DMOS: Equation 3 Q gate V drop = I ch arg e R DS on V drop = ------------------R DS on T ch arg e where Qgate is the gate charge of the external power MOS, RDS(on) is the on resistance of the bootstrap DMOS and Tcharge is the charging time of the bootstrap capacitor. 18/24 DocID024832 Rev 1 L6491 Bootstrap driver For example: using a power MOS with a total gate charge of 30 nC the drop on the bootstrap DMOS is about 1 V, if the Tcharge is 5 s. In fact: Equation 4 30nC V drop = --------------- 175 1V 5s Vdrop has to be taken into account when the voltage drop on CBOOT is calculated: if this drop is too high, or the circuit topology doesn’t allow a sufficient charging time, an external diode can be used. Figure 9. Bootstrap driver with external high voltage fast recovery diode DBOOT VCC BOOT H.V. HVG CBOOT OUT TO LOAD LVG DocID024832 Rev 1 19/24 24 Package information 10 L6491 Package information In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in different grades of ECOPACK® packages, depending on their level of environmental compliance. ECOPACK specifications, grade definitions and product status are available at: www.st.com. ECOPACK is an ST trademark. 20/24 DocID024832 Rev 1 L6491 Package information Figure 10. SO-14 package outline B( Table 10. SO-14 package mechanical data Dimensions (mm) Symbol Min. Typ. Max. A 1.35 1.75 A1 0.10 0.25 A2 1.10 1.65 B 0.33 0.51 C 0.19 0.25 D 8.55 8.75 E 3.80 4.00 e 1.27 H 5.80 6.20 h 0.25 0.50 L 0.40 1.27 k 0 8 ddd 0.10 DocID024832 Rev 1 21/24 24 Package information L6491 Figure 11. SO-14 package suggested land pattern 0.60 1.27 4.0 6.7 22/24 DocID024832 Rev 1 L6491 11 Revision history Revision history Table 11. Document revision history Date Revision 11-Mar-2015 1 Changes Initial release. DocID024832 Rev 1 23/24 24 L6491 IMPORTANT NOTICE – PLEASE READ CAREFULLY STMicroelectronics NV and its subsidiaries (“ST”) reserve the right to make changes, corrections, enhancements, modifications, and improvements to ST products and/or to this document at any time without notice. Purchasers should obtain the latest relevant information on ST products before placing orders. ST products are sold pursuant to ST’s terms and conditions of sale in place at the time of order acknowledgement. Purchasers are solely responsible for the choice, selection, and use of ST products and ST assumes no liability for application assistance or the design of Purchasers’ products. No license, express or implied, to any intellectual property right is granted by ST herein. Resale of ST products with provisions different from the information set forth herein shall void any warranty granted by ST for such product. ST and the ST logo are trademarks of ST. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Information in this document supersedes and replaces information previously supplied in any prior versions of this document. © 2015 STMicroelectronics – All rights reserved 24/24 DocID024832 Rev 1