818 Series 1 kHz to 1.28 MHz 8-Bit Programmable 2" x 4" 8-Pole Filters Description The 818 Series are digitally programmable low-pass and high-pass active filters that are tunable over a 256:1 frequency range. 818 filters are available with any one of five standard factory-set tuning ranges or 8-bit custom ranges from 1 kHz to 1.28 MHz. These units contain 8 CMOS logic inputs. 818 Series models are convenient, low profile, easy to use fully finished filters which require no external components or adjustments. They feature low harmonic distortion, and near theoretical amplitude characteristics. 818 filters operate from non-critical ±12 to ±18 Vdc power supplies, have a 5 kΩ (min.) input impedance, a 10Ω (max.) output impedance and low-pass models offer dc voltage offset adjustment. Features/Benefits: • Low harmonic distortion and wide signal-to-noise ratio to 12-bit resolution • Digitally programmable corner frequency allows selecting cut-off frequencies specific to each application • Plug-in ready-to-use, reducing engineering design and manufacturing cycle time • Factory-set tuning range, no external clocks or adjustments needed • Broad range of transfer characteristics and corner frequencies to meet a wide range of applications Programmable Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page Digital Tuning & Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Available Low-Pass Models: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 818L8B 8-pole Butterworth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 818L8L 8-pole Bessel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 818L8E 8-pole, 6-zero elliptic, 1.77 . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 818L8D80 8-pole, 6-zero constant delay . . . . . . . . . . 3 Applications • Anti-alias and band-pass filtering • Data acquisition systems • Satellite and telecommunications • Acoustic and vibration analysis and control • Aerospace, navigation and sonar Available High-Pass Models: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 818H8B 8-pole Butterworth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 818H8E 8-pole, 6-zero elliptic, 1.77 . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 General Specifications: Phase and phase match considerations . . . . . . . 5 & 6 Ordering information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Pin-out/package data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 • Medical research and electronic equipment • Engine test and simulation • Noise elimination • Video systems • Signal reconstruction 1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 • FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com 818 Series Digital Tuning & Control Characteristics 8-Bit Programmable Filters Digital Tuning Characteristics Pin-Out Key The digital tuning interface circuits are two 4042 quad CMOS latches which accept the following CMOS-compatible inputs: eight tuning bits (D0 - D7), a latch strobe bit (C), and a transition polarity bit (P). IN OUT GND "P" "C" +Vs -Vs Os NC Filter tuning follows the tuning equation given below: 7 6 5 4 fc = ( fmax/256 ) [ 1 + D7 x 2 + D6 x 2 + D5 x 2 + D4 x 2 + D3 x 3 2 1 0 2 + D2 x 2 + D1 x 2 + D0 x 2 ] where D1 - D7 = "0" or "1", and fmax = Maximum tuning frequency; fc = corner frequency; Minimum tunable frequency = fmax/256 (D0 thru D7 = 0); Minimum frequency step (Resolution) = fmax/256 Analog Input Signal Analog Output Signal Power and Signal Return Transition Polarity Bit Tuning Strobe Bit Supply Voltage, Positive Supply Voltage, Negative Optional Offset Adjustment No Connect (Highpass Models) D7 Tuning D6 Tuning D5 Tuning D4 Tuning D3 Tuning D2 Tuning D1 Tuning D0 Tuning Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit 7 (MSB) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 (LSB) OUT +Vs -Vs D7 D6 D5 D4 Data Control Specifications GND Data Control Lines Functions D2 Data Control Modes Mode 1 Mode 2 Input Data Levels D3 D0 IN Os/NC P C Bottom View P = 0; C = 0 frequency follows input codes P = 0; C = 0⇑ frequency latched on rising edge P = 1; C = 1 frequency follows input codes P = 1; C = 1⇓ frequency latched on falling edge (CMOS Logic) Input Voltage (Vs = 15 Vdc) Low Level In 0 Vdc min. High Level In 11 Vdc min. 4 Vdc max. 15 Vdc max. Input Current High Level In Low Level In - 10 µA typ. -5 +10 µA typ. -1 mA max. +1 µA max. Input Capacitance Latch Response 1 Data Set Up Time 2 Data Hold Time Strobe Pulse Width 5 pF typ 7.5 pF max. Input Data Format Positive Logic Frequency Select Bits Logic "1" = +Vs Logic "0" = Gnd (Binary-Coded) LSB (least significant bit) MSB (most significant bit) 256 : 1, Binary Weighted Bit Weighting D0 D7 Frequency Range D1 Latch Strobe (C) Transition Polarity (P) -5 25 nS 50 nS 80 nS min. Bit Weight MSB --- --- --- --- --- --- LSB 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 fc D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Corner Frequency 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 fmax/256 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 fmax/128 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 fmax/64 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 fmax/32 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 fmax/16 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 fmax/8 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 fmax/4 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 fmax/2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 fmax Notes: 1.Frequency data must be present before occurrence of strobe edge. 2.Frequency data must be present after occurrence of strobe edge. 2 1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 • FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com 818 Series 8-Pole Low-Pass Filters 8-Bit Programmable Model 818L8B 818L8L 818L8E 818L8D80 Transfer Function 8-Pole, Butterworth 8-Pole, Bessel 8-Pole, 6 zero, Elliptic 8-Pole, 6 zero, Constant Delay Size 2.0” x 4.0” x 0.4” 2.0” x 4.0” x 0.4” 2.0” x 4.0” x 0.4” 2.0” x 4.0” x 0.4” Range fc 1 kHz to 128 MHz 1 kHz to 1.28 MHz 1 kHz to 1.28 MHz 1 kHz to 1.28 MHz Theoretical Transfer Characteristics Appendix A Page 9 Appendix A Page 4 Appendix A Page 24 Appendix A Page 21 Passband Ripple 0.0 dB 0.0 dB ± 0.035 dB 0.15 dB 0 ± 0.1 dB max. 0 ± 0.05 dB typ. 0 ± 0.1 dB max. 0 ± 0.05 dB typ. 0 ± 0.1 dB max. 0 ± 0.05 dB typ. 0 ± 0.1 dB max. 0 ± 0.05 dB typ. Stopband Attenuation Rate 48 dB/octave 48 dB/octave 80 dB min. 80 dB min. Cutoff Frequency Stability Amplitude Phase fc ± 0.01% /°C - 3 dB -360° Filter Attenuation 0.12 dB 3.01 dB 60.0 dB 80.0 dB Product Specifications (theoretical) DC Voltage Gain (non-inverting) (theoretical) ± 3% max. 0.80 fc 1.00 fc 2.37 fc 3.16 fc fc ± 0.01% /°C - 3 dB -182° ± 3% max. 1.91 dB 3.01 dB 60.0 dB 80.0 dB 0.80 fc 1.00 fc 4.52 fc 6.07 fc fr ± 0.01% /°C - 0.035 dB - 323.5° ± 3% max. 0.035 dB 3.01 dB 60.0 dB 80.0 dB 1.00 fr 1.13 fr 1.67 fr 1.77 fr fc ± 0.01% /°C - 3 dB -306° ± 3% max. 3.01 dB 60.0 dB 80.0 dB 1.00 fc 3.08 fc 3.57 fc Phase Match1 See page 5 & 6 See page 5 & 6 See page 5 & 6 See page 5 & 6 Amplitude Accuracy 0 - 0.6 fc ± 0.5 dB max. ± 0.25 dB typ. 0.6 fc - 1.0 fc ± 1.0 dB max. ± 0.6 dB typ. 0 - fc 0 - 0.8 fr ± 0.5 dB max. ± 0.25 dB typ. 0.8 fc - 1.0 fr ± 1.0 dB max. ± 0.5 dB typ. 0 - 0.8 fc Total Harmonic Distortion @ 1 kHz < - 88 dB typ. < - 88 dB typ. < - 88 dB typ. < - 88 dB typ. Wide Band Noise 300 µVrms typ. 300 µVrms typ. 350 µVrms typ. 300 µVrms typ. 75 µVrms typ. 75 µVrms typ. 75 µVrms typ. 75 µVrms typ. FMA-04A FMA-04A FMA-04A FMA-04A (theoretical) ± 0.8 dB max. ± 0.4 dB typ. 0.8 fc - 1.0 fc ± 0.5 dB max. ± 0.25 dB typ. ± 1.0 dB max. ± 0.5 dB typ. (5 Hz - 2 MHz) Narrow Band Noise (5 Hz - 100 kHz) Filter Mounting Assembly 1.Unit to unit match for the same transfer function, set to the same frequency and operating configuration, and from the same manufacturing lot. 3 1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 • FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com 818 Series 8-Pole High-Pass Filters 8-Bit Programmable Model 818H8B 818H8E Transfer Function 8-Pole, Butterworth 8-Pole, 6-zero, Elliptic Size 2.0” x 4.0” x 0.4” 2.0” x 4.0” x 0.4” Range fc 1 kHz to 1.28 MHz 1 kHz to 1.28 MHz Theoretical Transfer Characteristics Appendix A Page 29 Appendix A Page 37 Passband Ripple 0.0 dB ± 0.035 dB 0 ± 0.5 dB to 1.28 MHz 0 ± 0.5 dB to 1.28 MHz Power Bandwidth (-6 dB) 5 MHz (-6 dB) 5 MHz Stopband Attenuation Rate 48 dB/octave 80 dB Cutoff Frequency Stability Amplitude Phase fc ± 0.01% /°C - 3 dB -360° Filter Attenuation 80 dB 60 dB 3.01 dB 0.00 dB Product Specifications (theoretical) Voltage Gain (non-inverting) (theoretical) Amplitude Accuracy ± 3% max. 0.31 fc 0.42 fc 1.00 fc 2.00 fc fr ± 0.01% /°C - 0.035 dB -323.5° ± 3% max. 80.0 dB 60.0 dB 3.01 dB 0.03 dB 00.0 dB 0.56 fr 0.60 fr 0.88 fr 1.00 fr 2.00 fr 1.0 - 1.25 fc ± 0.5 dB max. ± 0.3 dB typ. 1.25fc-1.28MHz± 1.0 dB max. ± 0.5 dB typ. 1.00 - 1.25 fr ± 0.5 dB max. ± 0.3 dB typ. 1.25fr-1.28MHz± 1.0 dB max. ± 0.5 dB typ. Total Harmonic Distortion @ 1 kHz < - 88 dB typ. < - 88 dB typ. Wide Band Noise 400 µVrms typ. 450 µVrms typ. Narrow Band Noise 100 µVrms typ. 100 µVrms typ. Filter Mounting Assembly FMA-04A FMA-04A (theoretical) 1.Unit to unit match for the same transfer function, set to the same frequency and operating configuration, and from the same manufacturing lot. 4 1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 • FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com 818 Series Phase and Phases Match Considerations 1 kHz to 1.28 MHz Phase Deviation from Theoretical: EXAMPLE: Phase Match Calculation The phase response of the amplifiers and the capacitance of the frequency control switches of the 818 series contribute to the overall phase response and cause it to deviate from theoretical. For the higher frequency models ( -4 and -5 ), where the cutoff frequencies can be programmed up to 1.28MHz, the deviation from theoretical can be substantial. ∆Φ(f)max = 0.02° x Φτ(f) + 4.0° x f/fc x fmax/1.28MHz 4.0° - L8L 3.0° - L8B & L8D80 2.0° - L8L ∆Φ(f)typ =0.5 x ∆Φ(f)max where: ∆Φ(f) Φτ (f) f f max fc Figure 1 is a normalized plot of the phase deviation from theoretical for an 818L8E-5 for programmed cutoff frequencies from 5kHz ( fc min ) to 1.28MHz (fc max ). For fc of 5kHz, the deviation from the 323° theoretical phase shift is 2° but for fc of 1.28MHz the deviation is 78°. This set of curves can be used to estimate the deviation from theoretical phase for other models in the 818 series. = = = = = phase match at frequency f theoretical phase shift at f frequency of interest maximum fc of the model frequency to which the filter is programmed Eg. - for an 818L8E-3, the phase deviation from theoretical at a frequency of 192kHz, when the cutoff frequency fc is programmed to 384kHz is: Figure 1 represents a "maximum deviation from theoretical phase" situation. Other models (i.e. -1 to -4) will exhibit a similar set of phase deviation curves with the phase scale being reduced by the ratio of the f max of the model to the f max of the -5. For example, an L8E1, whose programming frequency range is from 1kHz to 256kHz (1/5 of the range of the -5 model) will have a similar set of phase deviation curves but the maximum phase deviation, at the highest frequency setting (fc max), will be approximately 1/5 that of the -5 model (78/5 = 15.6°). The other programmed settings of the -1 will also produce proportionally reduced phase deviations. f/fc = 192kHz/384kHz = 0.5, fmax = 768kHz Φτ(f) = 133° (from data table at f/fc = 0.5) Phase Match: ∆Φ(f)max = 0.02° x Φτ(f) + 4.0° x f/fc x fmax/1.28MHz = 0.02 x (-133°) + 4.0° x 0.5 x 768kHz/1.28MHz = 2.66° + 1.20° = +3.86° ∆Φ(f)typ =0.5 x ∆Φ(f)max = 0.5° x 3.86° = 1.93° 818L8E Phase Deviation (in degrees “°”) from Theoretical vs. Normalized Input Frequency Unit to Unit Phase Match2 programmed setting of fc f/fc 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 The actual phase shift through a filter at a frequency " f " is determined by its programmed frequency " fc ", the theoretical phase response of the transfer function (B, L, E, or D80) and the phase deviation from theoretical which in turn depends upon component tolerances, the model # (i.e. -1 through -5) and frequency to which it is programmed. It is therefore not possible to have a meaningful unit to unit phase match that is specified by a single number. For a group of the same model type and number, programmed to the same frequency, the unit to unit phase match can be approximated as a percentage of the theoretical phase shift with a correction term added to accommodate amplifier induced phase deviations. 5kHz 0.15 0.30 0.34 0.20 0.20 0.00 -0.21 -0.50 -0.80 -1.20 -1.90 -2.50 10kHz 0.18 0.32 0.42 0.40 0.32 0.00 -0.30 -0.60 -1.00 -1.60 -2.40 -3.30 20kHz 0.17 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 -0.10 -0.60 -1.30 -1.80 -2.50 -3.50 -4.60 40kHz 0.08 0.17 -0.18 -0.20 -0.40 -0.80 -1.30 -2.10 -2.80 -3.70 -4.80 -6.20 80kHz -0.12 -0.39 -0.57 -0.90 -1.20 -1.90 -2.70 -3.80 -4.70 -5.80 -7.30 -8.90 160kHz -0.52 -1.03 -1.59 -2.30 -3.00 -4.10 -5.40 -7.20 -8.40 -10.00 -12.00 -14.10 320kHz -1.18 -2.41 -3.66 -5.10 -6.70 -8.70 -11.00 -13.90 -15.80 -18.40 -21.10 -24.30 640kHz 1.28MHz -2.57 -5.32 -5.17 -10.76 -7.89 -16.29 -10.80 -22.10 -14.00 -28.20 -17.70 -35.10 -21.80 -42.60 -26.90 -51.30 -30.10 -56.40 -33.80 -62.30 -38.30 -69.20 -43.30 -77.50 5 1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 • FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com 818 Series Phase Deviation from Theoretical 5k 10 Hz 20 kH kH z z 10 0 40kHz 80kHz -10 160kHz -20 degrees "°" 320kHz -30 -40 640kHz -50 -60 -70 1.28MHz -80 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 f/fc 6 1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 • FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com 818 Series Pin-Out and Package Data Ordering Information Specification (25°C and Vs ± 15 Vdc) Analog Input Characteristics1 Impedance Voltage Range Max. Safe Voltage Analog Output Characteristics Impedance (Closed Loop) Linear Operating Range Maximum Current2 Offset Voltage3 Offset Temp. Coeff. Power Supply (±Vs) Rated Voltage Operating Range Maximum Safe Voltage Quiescent Current Pin-Out & Package Data 5 k Ω min. ± 10 Vpeak ±Vs 11 Ω typ. 10 Ω max. ±10V ±5 mA 22 mV typ. 10 mV max. 50 µV/°C 4.00 0.4 0.2 min 0.04 Dia. Side View All dimensions are in inches All Case Dimensions ± 0.02" Grid Dimensions 0.1" x 0.1" OUT +Vs -Vs D7 D6 ±15 Vdc ±12 to ±18 Vdc ±18 Vdc D5 D4 GND 2.00 100 mA typ. 120 mA max. D3 D2 D1 Temperature Operating Storage D0 -20 to +70°C -25 to +85°C 4 IN Os /NC Notes: Bottom View P C Filter Mounting Assembly-See FMA-04A 1. Input and output signal voltage referenced to supply common. 2. Output is short circuit protected to common. Ordering Information DO NOT CONNECT TO ±Vs. 3. Adjustable to zero. Filter Type Transfer Function 4. Units operate with or without offset pin connected. L - Low Pass H - High Pass B - Butterworth L - Bessel E - elliptic D80 - constant delay DC Offset Adjustment ± Vs 818L8E-5 Do not connect if trim is not required. 20 k Ω (Cermet) Model Number 1 2 3 4 5 OS - Vs Tuning Range (kHz) 1kHz to 256kHz 2kHz to 512kHz 3kHz to 768kHz 4kHz to 1,024kHz 5kHz to 1,280kHz Minimum Step (kHz) 1kHz 2kHz 3kHz 4kHz 5kHz We hope the information given here will be helpful. The information is based on data and our best knowledge, and we consider the information to be true and accurate. Please read all statements, recommendations or suggestions herein in conjunction with our conditions of sale which apply to all goods supplied by us. We assume no responsibility for the use of these statements, recommendations or suggestions, nor do we intend them as a recommendation for any use which would infringe any patent or copyright. IN-00818-01 7 1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 • FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Product Handling Procedure Programmable Filter Modules Power Sequence & ESD November 2000 Programmable Filters Modules 818, 824, 828, 828BP, 828BR, 854, 858, R854, R858 I. Scope The following precautions are necessary when handling and installing Frequency Devices programmable filter modules. II. Digital Circuit Description The digital input pins connect directly to 4000 series CMOS logic, such as the 4053 analog switch. The power supply (Vss) for the digital logic on the module comes directly from the +15 Volt pin on the module. This sets the threshold voltage at 11.0 V minimum to 15.0 V maximum for a "1" (High) level and 0.0 V minimum to 4.0 V maximum for a "0" (Low) level. Applying a voltage between 4.0 and 11.0 V will produce unpredictable operation. Connecting 5 Volt or 3.3 V logic devices directly to the filter module without using a voltage translator will result in erratic operation of the filter. III. (VERY IMPORTANT) Power-Up and Power-Down Sequence Do not plug-in or un-plug module while power is applied. It is imperative that power is supplied to the + 15 V pin on the filter module before or at the same instance that any digital pin is pulled High (> 0.0 V). Failure to do this will result in excessive current flowing through the digital input pin and through a protection diode internal to the 4000 logic, which will result in damage to the module. The proper power-up and power-down sequence is: 1. Connect filter module ground. 2. Connect filter module +15 V. 3. Connect filter module -15 V. 4. Connect the input signal. All four of the above steps can also occur simultaneously. Power-down should occur in the reverse order. IV. ESD Issues Like most modern electronic equipment, the modules can be damaged by electrostatic discharge (ESD). The modules are shipped from the factory in sealed, anti-static packaging and should be kept in the sealed package prior to mounting on a circuit board. The following additional rules should also be observed when handling the modules after they are removed from the factory packaging: 1. Only a person wearing a properly grounded wrist strap should handle the modules. 2. Any work surface that the modules are placed on must be properly ESD grounded. 3. Any insulating materials capable of generating static charge (such as paper) should be kept away from the modules. Static generating clothing should be covered with an ESD-protective smock. 7 1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 • FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com 8-Pole Bessel Appendix A Low-Pass Theoretical Transfer Characteristics 1 f/fc Amp Phase Delay (Hz) (dB) (deg) (sec) 0.00 0.00 0.00 .506 0.10 -0.029 -18.2 .506 0.20 -0.117 -36.4 .506 0.30 -0.264 -54.7 .506 0.40 -0.470 -72.9 .506 0.50 -0.737 -91.1 .506 0.60 -1.06 -109 .506 0.70 -1.45 -128 .506 0.80 -1.91 -146 .506 0.85 -2.16 -155 .506 0.90 -2.42 -164 .506 0.95 -2.71 -173 .506 1.00 -3.01 -182 .506 -3.67 1.10 -200 .506 -4.40 1.20 -219 .506 -5.20 1.30 -237 .506 1.40 -6.10 -255 .505 1.50 -7.08 -273 .504 1.60 -8.16 -291 .502 1.70 -9.36 -309 .498 1.80 -10.7 -327 .492 1.90 -12.1 -345 .482 2.00 -13.7 -362 .468 2.25 -18.1 -402 .417 2.50 -23.1 -436 .352 2.75 -28.3 -465 .291 3.00 -33.4 -489 .241 3.25 -38.3 -509 .201 3.50 -43.1 -526 .170 4.00 -51.8 -552 .126 5.00 -66.8 -587 .077 6.00 -79.2 -610 .052 7.00 -89.8 -626 .038 8.00 -99.0 -638 .029 9.00 -107 -647 .023 10.0 -114 -655 .018 Frequency Response Amp (dB) 0 -40 -60 -80 -100 0.1 2 3 4 5 6 78 1.0 2 3 4 5 6 7 10.0 Normalized Frequency(f/fc) Delay (Normalized) Delay (sec) 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.15 2 3 4 5 6 7 89 1.0 1.5 Normalized Time (1/f sec) Step Response (V/V) Step Response 1.Normalized Group Delay: The above delay data is normalized to a corner frequency of 1.0Hz.The actual delay is the normalized delay divided by the actual corner frequency (fc). Actual Delay = -20 Normalized Delay 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -0.0 -0.2 0 1 2 3 4 Normalized Time (1/f sec) Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz 4 1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 • FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: [email protected] Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com 5 Low-Pass 8-Pole Appendix A Butterworth Theoretical Transfer Characteristics 1 f/fc Amp Phase Delay (Hz) (dB) (deg) (sec) 0.00 0.00 0.00 .816 0.10 0.00 -29.4 .819 0.20 0.00 -59.0 .828 0.30 0.00 -89.1 .843 0.40 0.00 -120 .867 0.50 0.00 -152 .903 0.60 -0.001 -185 .956 0.70 -0.014 -221 1.04 0.80 -0.121 -261 1.19 0.85 -0.311 -283 1.29 0.90 -0.738 -307 1.40 0.95 -1.58 -333 1.48 1.00 -3.01 -360 1.46 1.10 -7.48 -408 1.17 1.20 -12.9 -445 .873 1.30 -18.2 -472 .672 1.40 -494 .540 -23.4 1.50 -511 .448 -28.2 1.60 -526 .380 -32.7 1.70 -539 .328 -36.9 1.80 -550 .287 -40.8 1.90 -44.6 -560 .253 2.00 -48.2 -568 .226 2.25 -56.3 -586 .174 2.50 -63.7 -600 .139 2.75 -70.3 -611 .113 3.00 -76.3 -621 .094 3.25 -81.9 -629 .080 3.50 -87.1 -635 .069 4.00 -96.3 -646 .052 5.00 -112 -661 .033 6.00 -125 -671 .023 7.00 -135 -678 .017 8.00 -144 -683 .013 9.00 -153 -687 .010 10.0 -160 -691 .008 Frequency Response Amp (dB) 0 -60 -100 0.1 Delay (sec) 2.0 2 3 4 5 6 78 1.0 2 3 4 5 67 Normalized Frequency(f/fc) 10.0 Delay (Normalized) 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.15 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1.0 1.5 Normalized Time (1/f sec) Step Response (V/V) Step Response 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -0.0 0 Normalized Delay Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz -40 -80 1.Normalized Group Delay: The above delay data is normalized to a corner frequency of 1.0Hz.The actual delay is the normalized delay divided by the actual corner frequency (fc). Actual Delay = -20 9 1 2 3 4 Normalized Time (1/f sec) 1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 • FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: [email protected] Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com 5 8-Pole, 6-Zero Constant Delay Appendix A Low-Pass (80 dB) Theoretical Transfer Characteristics 1 f/fc Amp Phase Delay (Hz) (dB) (deg) (sec) 0.00 0.00 .852 0.00 0.017 -30.7 .852 0.10 0.058 -61.3 .852 0.20 0.099 -92.0 .852 0.30 0.105 -123 .852 0.40 0.034 -153 .852 0.50 -0.157 -184 .852 0.60 -0.510 -215 .852 0.70 -1.07 -245 .851 0.80 -1.44 -261 .850 0.85 -1.89 -276 .849 0.90 -2.41 -291 .846 0.95 -3.01 -306 .841 1.00 -4.50 -336 .821 1.10 -6.39 -365 .783 1.20 -11.3 -417 .656 1.40 -17.1 -459 .512 1.60 -23.2 -492 .396 1.80 -29.1 -517 .312 2.00 -36.3 -542 .239 2.25 2.50 -43.4 -561 .189 2.75 -50.3 -576 .153 3.00 -57.6 -589 .127 3.25 -62.5 -599 .107 3.50 -75.4 -608 .092 3.75 -98.3 -616 .079 4.00 -86.3 -442 .069 4.25 -84.1 -448 .061 4.50 -85.1 -454 .054 4.75 -87.9 -458 .049 5.00 -92.8 -462 .044 5.25 -104 -466 .040 5.50 -101 -289 .036 5.75 -93.3 -293 .033 6.00 -89.9 -295 .030 -86.6 -300 .026 6.50 -85.1 -305 .022 7.00 -84.1 -312 .017 8.00 -84.3 -317 .013 9.00 -84.9 -321 .011 10.0 Frequency Response Amp (dB) 0 -40 -60 -80 -100 0.1 2 3 4 5 6 78 1.0 2 3 4 5 6 7 10.0 Normalized Frequency(f/fc) Delay (Normalized) Delay (sec) 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.15 2 3 4 5 6 7 89 1.0 1.5 Normalized Time (1/f sec) Step Response (V/V) Step Response 1.Normalized Group Delay: The above delay data is normalized to a corner frequency of 1.0Hz.The actual delay is the normalized delay divided by the actual corner frequency (fc). Actual Delay = -20 Normalized Delay 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -0.0 -0.2 0 1 2 3 4 Normalized Time (1/f sec) Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz 21 1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 • FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: [email protected] Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com 5 8-Pole, 6-Zero Elliptic, 1.77 Appendix A Low-Pass Theoretical Transfer Characteristics 1 f/fc Amp Phase Delay (Hz) (dB) (deg) (sec) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.713 0.10 -0.004 -25.7 0.716 0.20 -0.014 -51.6 0.724 0.30 -0.024 -77.9 0.740 0.40 -0.020 -105 0.767 0.50 0.007 -133 0.811 0.55 0.022 -148 0.840 0.60 0.033 -163 0.872 0.65 0.031 -179 0.908 0.70 0.014 -196 0.946 0.75 -0.015 -213 0.989 0.80 -0.041 -232 1.04 0.85 -0.046 -251 1.12 0.90 -0.016 -272 1.23 0.95 -0.025 -296 1.40 1.00 -0.035 -323 1.65 1.10 -1.76 -392 2.14 1.20 -8.28 -467 1.86 1.30 -18.4 -522 1.19 1.40 -29.3 -558 0.753 1.50 -40.1 -578 0.517 1.60 -51.5 -594 0.381 1.70 -65.2 -606 0.296 1.75 -75.0 -611 0.265 1.80 -113.0 -616 0.239 1.85 -83.6 -440 0.217 1.90 -82.0 -444 0.198 1.95 -83.7 -447 0.182 2.00 -87.8 -450 0.168 2.20 -85.8 -280 0.126 2.40 -82.0 -289 0.099 2.60 -83.5 -295 0.081 2.80 -88.2 -301 0.067 3.00 -99.9 -305 0.057 3.50 -87.2 -134 0.040 4.00 -83.1 -140 0.030 5.00 -82.1 -148 0.018 6.00 -83.1 -154 0.013 7.00 -84.6 -157 0.009 8.00 -86.2 -160 0.007 9.00 -87.8 -163 0.005 10.0 -89.3 -164 0.004 Frequency Response Amp (dB) 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 0.1 2 3 4 5 6 78 1.0 2 3 4 5 6 7 10.0 Normalized Frequency(f/fc) Delay (Normalized) Delay (sec) 4.0 2.0 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.15 2 3 4 5 6 7 89 1.0 1.5 Normalized Time (1/f sec) Step Response (V/V) Step Response 1.Normalized Group Delay: The above delay data is normalized to a corner frequency of 1.0Hz.The actual delay is the normalized delay divided by the actual corner frequency (fc). Normalized Delay Actual Delay = Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -0.0 0 24 1 2 3 4 Normalized Time (1/f sec) 1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 • FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: [email protected] Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com 5 High-Pass 8-Pole Appendix A Butterworth Theoretical Transfer Characteristics 1 f/fc Amp Phase Delay (Hz) (dB) (deg) (sec) 0.10 -160 691 0.819 0.20 -112 661 0.828 0.30 -83.7 631 0.843 0.40 -63.7 600 0.867 0.50 -48.2 568 0.903 0.60 -35.5 535 .956 499 0.70 -24.8 1.04 459 0.80 -15.6 1.19 437 0.85 -11.6 1.29 413 0.90 -8.06 1.40 0.95 -5.15 386 1.48 360 1.00 -3.01 1.46 275 1.20 -0.229 0.873 226 1.40 -0.020 0.540 -0.002 194 1.60 0.380 170 1.80 0.00 0.287 152 0.00 2.00 0.226 0.139 120 0.00 2.50 0.00 99.2 0.094 3.00 0.052 0.00 74.0 4.00 5.00 0.00 59.0 0.033 49.0 0.023 6.00 0.00 0.00 42.1 0.017 7.00 0.00 36.8 0.013 8.00 0.00 32.7 0.010 9.00 10.0 0.00 29.4 0.008 Frequency Response Amp (dB) 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 0.1 2 3 4 5 6 78 1.0 2 3 4 5 6 7 10.0 Normalized Frequency(f/fc) 1.Normalized Group Delay: The above delay data is normalized to a corner frequency of 1.0Hz.The actual delay is the normalized delay divided by the actual corner frequency (fc). Actual Delay = Normalized Delay Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz 29 1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 • FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: [email protected] Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com 8-Pole, 6-Zero Elliptic, 1.77 Appendix A High-Pass Theoretical Transfer Characteristics 1 f/fc Amp Phase Delay (Hz) (dB) (deg) (sec) 0.10 -89.3 164 0.440 0.20 -82.1 148 0.459 0.30 -90.6 131 0.495 292 0.40 -82.4 0.559 -87.8 450 0.50 0.671 0.55 -90.0 0.761 437 -60.2 0.60 0.890 603 -32.4 0.70 1.37 563 -13.1 0.80 2.35 498 -6.28 0.85 2.77 451 0.90 -2.21 401 2.66 358 0.95 -0.51 2.15 324 1.00 -0.03 1.64 277 1.10 -0.01 1.04 225 1.20 -0.05 0.757 1.30 -0.03 221 0.596 1.40 0.01 201 0.486 1.50 0.03 185 0.409 1.60 0.03 172 0.347 1.70 0.03 160 0.299 1.80 0.02 150 0.260 1.90 0.01 141 0.229 2.00 0.01 133 0.203 2.50 -0.02 105 0.123 3.00 -0.02 86.9 0.083 4.00 -0.02 64.7 0.046 5.00 -0.01 51.6 0.029 6.00 -0.01 42.9 0.020 -0.01 0.015 7.00 36.8 -0.01 0.011 8.00 32.1 9.00 -0.01 28.6 0.009 10.0 0.00 25.7 0.007 Frequency Response Amp (dB) 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 0.1 2 3 4 5 6 78 1.0 2 3 4 5 67 Normalized Frequency(f/fc) 1.Normalized Group Delay: The above delay data is normalized to a corner frequency of 1.0Hz.The actual delay is the normalized delay divided by the actual corner frequency (fc). Normalized Delay Actual Delay = Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz 37 1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 • FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: [email protected] Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com 10.0