80960KB 80960KB EMBEDDED 32-BIT MICROPROCESSOR WITH INTEGRATED FLOATING-POINT UNIT ■ High-Performance Embedded ■ Built-in Interrupt Controller Architecture — 25 MIPS Burst Execution at 25 MHz — 9.4 MIPS* Sustained Execution at 25 MHz ■ 512-Byte On-Chip Instruction Cache — Direct Mapped — Parallel Load/Decode for Uncached Instructions ■ Multiple Register Sets — Sixteen Global 32-Bit Registers — Sixteen Local 32-Bit Registers — Four Local Register Sets Stored On-Chip — Register Scoreboarding ■ 4 Gigabyte, Linear Address Space — 31 Priority Levels, 256 Vectors — 3.4 µs Latency @ 25 MHz ■ Easy to Use, High Bandwidth 32-Bit Bus — 66.7 Mbytes/s Burst — Up to 16 Bytes Transferred per Burst ■ 132-Lead Packages: — Pin Grid Array (PGA) — Plastic Quad Flat-Pack (PQFP) ■ On-Chip Floating Point Unit — Supports IEEE 754 Floating Point Standard — Four 80-Bit Registers — 13.6 Million Whetstones/s (Single Precision) at 25 MHz ■ Pin Compatible with 80960KA FOUR 80-BIT FP REGISTERS SIXTEEN 32-BIT GLOBAL REGISTERS 64- BY 32-BIT LOCAL REGISTER CACHE 32-BIT INSTRUCTION EXECUTION UNIT 80-BIT FPU 32-BIT BUS CONTROL LOGIC INSTRUCTION FETCH UNIT 512-BYTE INSTRUCTION CACHE INSTRUCTION DECODER MICROINSTRUCTION SEQUENCER MICROINSTRUCTION ROM 32-BIT BURST BUS Figure 1. The 80960KB Processor’s Highly Parallel Architecture © INTEL CORPORATION, 1997 June, 1997 Order Number: 270565.007 Information in this document is provided in connection with Intel products. No license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document. Except as provided in Intel’s Terms and Conditions of Sale for such products, Intel assumes no liability whatsoever, and Intel disclaims any express or implied warranty, relating to sale and/or use of Intel products including liability or warranties relating to fitness for a particular purpose, merchantability, or infringement of any patent, copyright or other intellectual property right. Intel products are not intended for use in medical, life saving, or life sustaining applications. Intel may make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time, without notice. 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Contents 80960KB EMBEDDED 32-BIT MICROPROCESSOR 1.0 THE i960® PROCESSOR .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Key Performance Features ................................................................................................................. 2 1.1.1 Memory Space And Addressing Modes ................................................................................... 4 1.1.2 Data Types ............................................................................................................................... 4 1.1.3 Large Register Set ................................................................................................................... 4 1.1.4 Multiple Register Sets .............................................................................................................. 5 1.1.5 Instruction Cache ..................................................................................................................... 5 1.1.6 Register Scoreboarding ........................................................................................................... 5 1.1.7 High Bandwidth Local Bus ....................................................................................................... 6 1.1.8 Interrupt Handling .................................................................................................................... 6 1.1.9 Debug Features ....................................................................................................................... 6 1.1.10 Fault Detection ....................................................................................................................... 7 1.1.11 Built-in Testability ................................................................................................................... 7 2.0 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................................................................ 10 2.1 Power and Grounding ....................................................................................................................... 10 2.2 Power Decoupling Recommendations ............................................................................................. 10 2.3 Connection Recommendations ........................................................................................................ 11 2.4 Characteristic Curves ....................................................................................................................... 11 2.5 Test Load Circuit ............................................................................................................................... 14 2.7 DC Characteristics ............................................................................................................................ 15 2.6 Absolute Maximum Ratings .............................................................................................................. 15 2.8 AC Specifications ............................................................................................................................. 16 2.8.1 AC Specification Tables ......................................................................................................... 17 3.0 MECHANICAL DATA ................................................................................................................................ 21 3.1 Packaging ......................................................................................................................................... 21 3.1.1 Pin Assignment ...................................................................................................................... 21 3.2 Pinout ............................................................................................................................................... 25 3.3 Package Thermal Specification ........................................................................................................ 29 4.0 WAVEFORMS .......................................................................................................................................... 33 5.0 REVISION HISTORY ............................................................................................................................... 38 iii Contents FIGURES Figure 1. 80960KA Programming Environment ........................................................................................ 1 Figure 2. Instruction Formats .................................................................................................................... 4 Figure 3. Multiple Register Sets Are Stored On-Chip ............................................................................... 6 Figure 4. Connection Recommendations for Low Current Drive Network .............................................. 11 Figure 5. Connection Recommendations for High Current Drive Network .............................................. 11 Figure 6. Typical Supply Current vs. Case Temperature ......................................................................... 12 Figure 7. Typical Current vs. Frequency (Room Temp) .......................................................................... 12 Figure 8. Typical Current vs. Frequency (Hot Temp) .............................................................................. 13 Figure 9. Worst-Case Voltage vs. Output Current on Open-Drain Pins .................................................. 13 Figure 10. Capacitive Derating Curve ....................................................................................................... 13 Figure 11. Test Load Circuit for Three-State Output Pins ......................................................................... 14 Figure 12. Test Load Circuit for Open-Drain Output Pins .......................................................................... 14 Figure 13. Drive Levels and Timing Relationships for 80960KA Signals .................................................. 16 Figure 14. Processor Clock Pulse (CLK2) ........................................................................................ ........ 20 Figure 15. RESET Signal Timing ................................................................................................. ............. 20 Figure 16. 132-Lead Pin-Grid Array (PGA) Package ............................................................................... . 21 Figure 17. 80960KA PGA Pinout—View from Bottom (Pins Facing Up) ................................................... 22 Figure 18. 80960KA PGA Pinout—View from Top (Pins Facing Down) .................................................... 23 Figure 19. 80960KA 132-Lead Plastic Quad Flat-Pack (PQFP) Package ................................................ 23 Figure 20. PQFP Pinout - View From Top ................................................................................................. 24 Figure 21. HOLD Timing ........................................................................................................................... 30 Figure 22. 16 MHz Maximum Allowable Ambient Temperature ................................................................ 31 Figure 23. 20 MHz Maximum Allowable Ambient Temperature ................................................................ 31 Figure 24. 25 MHz Maximum Allowable Ambient Temperature ................................................................ 32 Figure 25. Maximum Allowable Ambient Temperature for the Extended Temperature TA-80960KA at 20 MHz in PGA Package ............................... 32 Figure 27. Burst Read and Write Transaction Without Wait States ........................................................... 34 Figure 28. Burst Write Transaction with 2, 1, 1, 1 Wait States .................................................................. 35 Figure 29. Accesses Generated by Quad Word Read Bus Request, Misaligned Two Bytes from Quad Word Boundary (1, 0, 0, 0 Wait States) .............................. 36 Figure 30. Interrupt Acknowledge Transaction ......................................................................................... 37 iv Contents TABLES Table 1. 80960KA Instruction Set ............................................................................................................ 3 Table 2. Memory Addressing Modes ....................................................................................................... 4 Table 3. 80960KA Pin Description: L-Bus Signals ................................................................................... 8 Table 4. 80960KA Pin Description: Support Signals ............................................................................... 9 Table 5. DC Characteristics ................................................................................................................... 15 Table 6. 80960KA AC Characteristics (16 MHz) ................................................................................... 17 Table 7. 80960KA AC Characteristics (20 MHz) ................................................................................... 18 Table 9. 80960KA PGA Pinout — In Pin Order ..................................................................................... 25 Table 10. 80960KA PGA Pinout — In Signal Order ................................................................................ 26 Table 11. 80960KA PQFP Pinout — In Pin Order ................................................................................... 27 Table 12. 80960KA PQFP Pinout — In Signal Order .............................................................................. 28 Table 13. 80960KA PGA Package Thermal Characteristics ................................................................... 29 Table 14. 80960KA PQFP Package Thermal Characteristics ................................................................. 30 v 80960KB 1.0 THE i960® PROCESSOR The 80960KB is a member of Intel’s i960® 32-bit processor family, which is designed especially for embedded applications. It includes a 512-byte instruction cache, an integrated floating-point unit and a built-in interrupt controller. The 80960KB has a large register set, multiple parallel execution units and a high-bandwidth burst bus. Using advanced RISC technology, this high performance processor is capable of execution rates in excess of 9.4 million instructions per second*. The 80960KB is well-suited for a wide range of applications including non-impact printers, I/O control and specialty instrumentation. The embedded market includes applications as diverse as industrial automation, avionics, image processing, graphics and networking. These types of * Relative to Digital Equipment Corporation’s VAX-11/780 at 1 MIPS (VAX-11™ is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation) applications require high integration, low power consumption, quick interrupt response times and high performance. Since time to market is critical, embedded microprocessors need to be easy to use in both hardware and software designs. All members of the i960 processor family share a common core architecture which utilizes RISC technology so that, except for special functions, the family members are object-code compatible. Each new processor in the family adds its own special set of functions to the core to satisfy the needs of a specific application or range of applications in the embedded market. Software written for the 80960KB will run without modification on any other member of the 80960 Family. It is also pin-compatible with the 80960KA and the 80960MC which is a military-grade version that supports multitasking, memory management, multiprocessing and fault tolerance. 0000 0000H FFFF FFFFH ADDRESS SPACE ARCHITECTURALLY DEFINED DATA STRUCTURES FETCH LOAD STORE INSTRUCTION CACHE INSTRUCTION STREAM INSTRUCTION EXECUTION PROCESSOR STATE REGISTERS INSTRUCTION POINTER g0 g15 SIXTEEN 32-BIT GLOBAL REGISTERS REGISTER CACHE SIXTEEN 32-BIT LOCAL REGISTERS r0 r15 ARITHMETIC CONTROLS PROCESS CONTROLS TRACE CONTROLS FOUR 80-BIT FLOATING POINT REGISTERS CONTROL REGISTERS Figure 2. 80960KB Programming Environment 1 80960KB 1.1 Key Performance Features The 80960 architecture is based on the most recent advances in microprocessor technology and is grounded in Intel’s long experience in the design and manufacture of embedded microprocessors. Many features contribute to the 80960KB’s exceptional performance: 1. Large Register Set. Having a large number of registers reduces the number of times that a processor needs to access memory. Modern compilers can take advantage of this feature to optimize execution speed. For maximum flexibility, the 80960KB provides thirty-two 32-bit registers and four 80-bit floating point registers. (See Figure 2.) 2. Fast Instruction Execution. Simple functions make up the bulk of instructions in most programs so that execution speed can be improved by ensuring that these core instructions are executed as quickly as possible. The most frequently executed instructions such as register-register moves, add/subtract, logical operations and shifts execute in one to two cycles. (Table 1 contains a list of instructions.) 3. Load/Store Architecture. One way to improve execution speed is to reduce the number of times that the processor must access memory to perform an operation. As with other processors based on RISC technology, the 80960KB has a Load/Store architecture. As such, only the LOAD and STORE instructions reference memory; all other instructions operate on registers. This type of architecture simplifies instruction decoding and is used in combination with other techniques to increase parallelism. 4. Simple Instruction Formats. All instructions in the 80960KB are 32 bits long and must be aligned on word boundaries. This alignment makes it possible to eliminate the instruction alignment stage in the pipeline. To simplify the instruction decoder, there are only five instruction formats; each instruction uses only one format. (See Figure 3.) 5. Overlapped Instruction Execution. Load operations allow execution of subsequent instructions to continue before the data has been returned from memory, so that these instructions can overlap the load. The 80960KB manages this process transparently 2 to software through the use of a register scoreboard. Conditional instructions also make use of a scoreboard so that subsequent unrelated instructions may be executed while the conditional instruction is pending. 6. Integer Execution Optimization. When the result of an arithmetic execution is used as an operand in a subsequent calculation, the value is sent immediately to its destination register. Yet at the same time, the value is put on a bypass path to the ALU, thereby saving the time that otherwise would be required to retrieve the value for the next operation. 7. Bandwidth Optimizations. The 80960KB gets optimal use of its memory bus bandwidth because the bus is tuned for use with the on-chip instruction cache: instruction cache line size matches the maximum burst size for instruction fetches. The 80960KB automatically fetches four words in a burst and stores them directly in the cache. Due to the size of the cache and the fact that it is continually filled in anticipation of needed instructions in the program flow, the 80960KB is relatively insensitive to memory wait states. The benefit is that the 80960KB delivers outstanding performance even with a low cost memory system. 8. Cache Bypass. If a cache miss occurs, the processor fetches the needed instruction then sends it on to the instruction decoder at the same time it updates the cache. Thus, no extra time is spent to load and read the cache. 80960KB Table 1. 80960KB Instruction Set Data Movement Load Store Move Load Address Comparison Arithmetic Add Subtract Multiply Divide Remainder Modulo Shift Branch Compare Unconditional Branch Conditional Compare Conditional Branch Compare and Increment Compare and Branch Compare and Decrement Debug Modify Trace Controls Mark Force Mark Synchronous Synchronous Load Synchronous Move Miscellaneous Atomic Add Atomic Modify Flush Local Registers Modify Arithmetic Controls Scan Byte for Equal Test Condition Code Modify Process Controls Logical And Not And And Not Or Exclusive Or Not Or Or Not Exclusive Nor Not Nand Rotate Call/Return Call Call Extended Call System Return Branch and Link Decimal Decimal Move Decimal Add with Carry Decimal Subtract with Carry Bit and Bit Field Set Bit Clear Bit Not Bit Check Bit Alter Bit Scan For Bit Scan Over Bit Extract Modify Fault Conditional Fault Synchronize Faults Floating Point Move Real Add Subtract Multiply Divide Remainder Scale Round Square Root Sine Cosine Tangent Arctangent Log Log Binary Log Natural Exponent Classify Copy Real Extended Compare Conversion Convert Real to Integer Convert Integer to Real 3 80960KB OpcodeDisplacement Control Compare and Branch Register to Register Memory Access—Short Memory Access—Long OpcodeReg/LitRegMDisplacement OpcodeRegReg/LitModesExt’d OpReg/Lit OpcodeRegBaseMXOffset OpcodeRegBaseModeScalexxOffset Displacement Figure 3. Instruction Formats 1.1.1 Memory Space And Addressing Modes 1.1.2 Data Types The 80960KB offers a linear programming environment so that all programs running on the processor are contained in a single address space. Maximum address space size is 4 Gigabytes (232 bytes). The 80960KB recognizes the following data types: For ease of use the 80960KB has a small number of addressing modes, but includes all those necessary to ensure efficient execution of high-level languages such as C. Table 2 lists the modes. • 32-, 64- and 80-bit real numbers Table 2. Memory Addressing Modes • 12-Bit Offset • 32-Bit Offset • Register-Indirect • Register + 12-Bit Offset • Register + 32-Bit Offset • Register + (Index-Register x Scale-Factor) • Register x Scale Factor + 32-Bit Displacement • Register + (Index-Register x Scale-Factor) + 32-Bit Displacement • Scale-Factor is 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16 4 Numeric: • 8-, 16-, 32- and 64-bit ordinals • 8-, 16-, 32- and 64-bit integers Non-Numeric: • Bit • Bit Field • Triple Word (96 bits) • Quad-Word (128 bits) 1.1.3 Large Register Set The 80960KB programming environment includes a large number of registers. In fact, 32 registers are available at any time. The availability of this many registers greatly reduces the number of memory accesses required to perform algorithms, which leads to greater instruction processing speed. There are two types of general-purpose registers: local and global. The 20 global registers consist of sixteen 32-bit registers (G0 though G15) and four 80-bit registers (FP0 through FP3). These registers 80960KB perform the same function as the general-purpose registers provided in other popular microprocessors. The term global refers to the fact that these registers retain their contents across procedure calls. The local registers, on the other hand, are procedure specific. For each procedure call, the 80960KB allocates 16 local registers (R0 through R15). Each local register is 32 bits wide. Any register can also be used for single or double-precision floating-point operations; the 80-bit floating-point registers are provided for extended precision. 1.1.4 Multiple Register Sets To further increase the efficiency of the register set, multiple sets of local registers are stored on-chip (See Figure 4). This cache holds up to four local register frames, which means that up to three procedure calls can be made without having to access the procedure stack resident in memory. Although programs may have procedure calls nested many calls deep, a program typically oscillates back and forth between only two to three levels. As a result, with four stack frames in the cache, the probability of having a free frame available on the cache when a call is made is very high. In fact, runs of representative C-language programs show that 80% of the calls are handled without needing to access memory. If four or more procedures are active and a new procedure is called, the 80960KB moves the oldest local register set in the stack-frame cache to a procedure stack in memory to make room for a new set of registers. Global register G15 is the frame pointer (FP) to the procedure stack. Global and floating point registers are not exchanged on a procedure call, but retain their contents, making them available to all procedures for fast parameter passing. 1.1.5 Instruction Cache To further reduce memory accesses, the 80960KB includes a 512-byte on-chip instruction cache. The instruction cache is based on the concept of locality of reference; most programs are not usually executed in a steady stream but consist of many branches, loops and procedure calls that lead to jumping back and forth in the same small section of code. Thus, by maintaining a block of instructions in cache, the number of memory references required to read instructions into the processor is greatly reduced. To load the instruction cache, instructions are fetched in 16-byte blocks; up to four instructions can be fetched at one time. An efficient prefetch algorithm increases the probability that an instruction will already be in the cache when it is needed. Code for small loops often fits entirely within the cache, leading to a great increase in processing speed since further memory references might not be necessary until the program exits the loop. Similarly, when calling short procedures, the code for the calling procedure is likely to remain in the cache so it will be there on the procedure’s return. 1.1.6 Register Scoreboarding The instruction decoder is optimized in several ways. One optimization method is the ability to overlap instructions by using register scoreboarding. Register scoreboarding occurs when a LOAD moves a variable from memory into a register. When the instruction initiates, a scoreboard bit on the target register is set. Once the register is loaded, the bit is reset. In between, any reference to the register contents is accompanied by a test of the scoreboard bit to ensure that the load has completed before processing continues. Since the processor does not need to wait for the LOAD to complete, it can execute additional instructions placed between the LOAD and the instruction that uses the register contents, as shown in the following example: ld data_2, r4 ld data_2, r5 Unrelated instruction Unrelated instruction add R4, R5, R6 In essence, the two unrelated instructions between LOAD and ADD are executed “for free” (i.e., take no apparent time to execute) because they are executed while the register is being loaded. Up to three load instructions can be pending at one time with three corresponding scoreboard bits set. By exploiting this feature, system programmers and compiler writers have a useful tool for optimizing execution speed. 5 80960KB ONE OF FOUR LOCAL REGISTER SETS REGISTER CACHE LOCAL REGISTER SET R0 0 31 R15 Figure 4. Multiple Register Sets Are Stored On-Chip 1.1.7 Floating-Point Arithmetic In the 80960KB, floating-point arithmetic has been made an integral part of the architecture. Having the floating-point unit integrated on-chip provides two advantages. First, it improves the performance of the chip for floating-point applications, since no additional bus overhead is associated with floating-point calculations, thereby leaving more time for other bus operations such as I/O. Second, the cost of using floating-point operations is reduced because a separate coprocessor chip is not required. The 80960KB floating-point (real-number) data types include single-precision (32-bit), double-precision (64-bit) and extended precision (80-bit) floating-point numbers. Any registers may be used to execute floating-point operations. The processor provides hardware support for both mandatory and recommended portions of IEEE Standard 754 for floating-point arithmetic, including all arithmetic, exponential, logarithmic and other transcendental functions. Table 3 shows execution times for some representative instructions. Table 3. Sample Floating-Point Execution Times (µs) at 25 MHz Function Add Subtract Multiply Divide 32-Bit 0.4 0.4 0.7 1.3 64-Bit 0.5 0.5 1.3 2.9 Square Root Arctangent Exponent Sine Cosine 3.7 10.1 11.3 15.2 15.2 3.9 13.1 12.5 16.6 16.6 1.1.8 High Bandwidth Local Bus The 80960KB CPU resides on a high-bandwidth address/data bus known as the local bus (L-Bus). The L-Bus provides a direct communication path between the processor and the memory and I/O subsystem interfaces. The processor uses the L-Bus to fetch instructions, manipulate memory and respond to interrupts. L-Bus features include: • 32-bit multiplexed address/data path • Four-word burst capability which allows transfers from 1 to 16 bytes at a time • High bandwidth reads and writes with 66.7 MBytes/s burst (at 25 MHz) Table 4 defines L-bus signal names and functions; Table 5 defines other component-support signals such as interrupt lines. 6 80960KB 1.1.9 Interrupt Handling The 80960KB can be interrupted in two ways: by the activation of one of four interrupt pins or by sending a message on the processor’s data bus. The 80960KB is unusual in that it automatically handles interrupts on a priority basis and can keep track of pending interrupts through its on-chip interrupt controller. Two of the interrupt pins can be configured to provide 8259A-style handshaking for expansion beyond four interrupt lines. 1.1.10 Debug Features The 80960KB has built-in debug capabilities. There are two types of breakpoints and six trace modes. Debug features are controlled by two internal 32-bit registers: the Process-Controls Word and the Trace-Controls Word. By setting bits in these control words, a software debug monitor can closely control how the processor responds during program execution. The 80960KB provides two hardware breakpoint registers on-chip which, by using a special command, can be set to any value. When the instruction pointer matches either breakpoint register value, the breakpoint handling routine is automatically called. The 80960KB also provides software breakpoints through the use of two instructions: MARK and FMARK. These can be placed at any point in a program and cause the processor to halt execution at that point and call the breakpoint handling routine. The breakpoint mechanism is easy to use and provides a powerful debugging tool. Tracing is available for instructions (single step execution), calls and returns and branching. Each trace type may be enabled separately by a special debug instruction. In each case, the 80960KB executes the instruction first and then calls a trace handling routine (usually part of a software debug monitor). Further program execution is halted until the routine completes, at which time execution resumes at the next instruction. The 80960KB’s tracing mechanisms, implemented completely in hardware, greatly simplify the task of software test and debug. 1.1.11 Fault Detection The 80960KB has an automatic mechanism to handle faults. Fault types include floating point, trace and arithmetic faults. When the processor detects a fault, it automatically calls the appropriate fault handling routine and saves the current instruction pointer and necessary state information to make efficient recovery possible. Like interrupt handling routines, fault handling routines are usually written to meet the needs of specific applications and are often included as part of the operating system or kernel. For each of the fault types, there are numerous subtypes that provide specific information about a fault. For example, a floating point fault may have the subtype set to an Overflow or Zero-Divide fault. The fault handler can use this specific information to respond correctly to the fault. 1.1.12 Built-in Testability Upon reset, the 80960KB automatically conducts an exhaustive internal test of its major blocks of logic. Then, before executing its first instruction, it does a zero check sum on the first eight words in memory to ensure that the memory image was programmed correctly. If a problem is discovered at any point during the self-test, the 80960KB asserts its FAILURE pin and will not begin program execution. Self test takes approximately 47,000 cycles to complete. System manufacturers can use the 80960KB’s self-test feature during incoming parts inspection. No special diagnostic programs need to be written. The test is both thorough and fast. The self-test capability helps ensure that defective parts are discovered before systems are shipped and, once in the field, the self-test makes it easier to distinguish between problems caused by processor failure and problems resulting from other causes. 1.1.13 CHMOS The 80960KB is fabricated using Intel’s CHMOS IV (Complementary High Speed Metal Oxide Semiconductor) process. The 80960KB is currently available in 16, 20 and 25 MHz versions. 7 80960KB Table 4. 80960KB Pin Description: L-Bus Signals (Sheet 1 of 2) NAME CLK2 LAD31:0 TYPE DESCRIPTION I SYSTEM CLOCK provides the fundamental timing for 80960KB systems. It is divided by two inside the 80960KB and four 80-bit registers (FP0 through FP3) to generate the internal processor clock. I/O LOCAL ADDRESS / DATA BUS carries 32-bit physical addresses and data to and from memory. During an address (Ta) cycle, bits 2-31 contain a physical word address (bits 0-1 indicate SIZE; see below). During a data (Td) cycle, bits 0-31 contain read or write data. These pins float to a high impedance state when not active. T.S. Bits 0-1 comprise SIZE during a Ta cycle. SIZE specifies burst transfer size in words. ALE O T.S. ADS O O.D. W/R O O.D. DT/R O O.D. DEN O O.D. READY LOCK I I/O O.D. LAD1 LAD0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 Word 2 Words 3 Words 4 Words ADDRESS LATCH ENABLE indicates the transfer of a physical address. ALE is asserted during a Ta cycle and deasserted before the beginning of the Td state. It is active LOW and floats to a high impedance state during a hold cycle (Th). ADDRESS/DATA STATUS indicates an address state. ADS is asserted every Ta state and deasserted during the following Td state. For a burst transaction, ADS is asserted again every Td state where READY was asserted in the previous cycle. WRITE/READ specifies, during a Ta cycle, whether the operation is a write or read. It is latched on-chip and remains valid during Td cycles. DATA TRANSMIT / RECEIVE indicates the direction of data transfer to and from the L-Bus. It is low during Ta and Td cycles for a read or interrupt acknowledgment; it is high during Ta and Td cycles for a write. DT/R never changes state when DEN is asserted. DATA ENABLE (active low) enables data transceivers. The processor asserts DEN# during all Td and Tw states. The DEN# line is an open drain-output of the 80960KB-processor. READY indicates that data on LAD lines can be sampled or removed. If READY is not asserted during a Td cycle, the Td cycle is extended to the next cycle by inserting a wait state (Tw) and ADS is not asserted in the next cycle. BUS LOCK prevents bus masters from gaining control of the L-Bus during Read/Modify/Write (RMW) cycles. The processor or any bus agent may assert LOCK. At the start of a RMW operation, the processor examines the LOCK pin. If the pin is already asserted, the processor waits until it is not asserted. If the pin is not asserted, the processor asserts LOCK during the Ta cycle of the read transaction. The processor deasserts LOCK in the Ta cycle of the write transaction. During the time LOCK is asserted, a bus agent can perform a normal read or write but not a RMW operation. The processor also asserts LOCK during interrupt-acknowledge transactions. Do not leave LOCK unconnected. It must be pulled high for the processor to function properly. I/O = Input/Output, O = Output, I = Input, O.D. = Open Drain, T.S. = Three-state 8 ERRATA - 6/13/97 DEN pin description omitted. 80960KB Table 4. 80960KB Pin Description: L-Bus Signals (Sheet 2 of 2) NAME BE3:0 TYPE DESCRIPTION O BYTE ENABLE LINES specify the data bytes (up to four) on the bus which are used in the current bus cycle. BE3 corresponds to LAD31:24; BE0 corresponds to LAD7:0. O.D. The byte enables are provided in advance of data: Byte enables asserted during Ta specify the bytes of the first data word. Byte enables asserted during Td specify the bytes of the next data word, if any (the word to be transmitted following the next assertion of READY). Byte enables that occur during Td cycles that precede the last assertion of READY are undefined. Byte enables are latched on-chip and remain constant from one Td cycle to the next when READY is not asserted. For reads, byte enables specify the byte(s) that the processor will actually use. L-Bus agents are required to assert only adjacent byte enables (e.g., asserting just BE0 and BE2 is not permitted) and are required to assert at least one byte enable. Address bits A0 and A1 can be decoded externally from the byte enables. HOLD HLDA I HOLD: A request from an external bus master to acquire the bus. When the processor receives HOLD and grants bus control to another master, it floats its three-state bus lines and open-drain control lines, asserts HLDA and enters the Th state. When HOLD deasserts, the processor deasserts HLDA and enters the Ti or Ta state. O HOLD ACKNOWLEDGE: Notifies an external bus master that the processor has relinquished control of the bus. T.S. CACHE O T.S. CACHE indicates when an access is cacheable during a Ta cycle. It is not asserted during any synchronous access, such as a synchronous load or move instruction used for sending an IAC message. The CACHE signal floats to a high impedance state when the processor is idle. I/O = Input/Output, O = Output, I = Input, O.D. = Open Drain, T.S. = Three-state Table 5. 80960KB Pin Description: Support Signals (Sheet 1 of 2) NAME BADAC TYPE DESCRIPTION I BAD ACCESS, if asserted in the cycle following the one in which the last READY of a transaction is asserted, indicates that an unrecoverable error has occurred on the current bus transaction or that a synchronous load/store instruction has not been acknowledged. During system reset the BADAC signal is interpreted differently. If the signal is high, it indicates that this processor will perform system initialization. If it is low, another processor in the system will perform system initialization instead. RESET I RESET clears the processor’s internal logic and causes it to reinitialize. During RESET assertion, the input pins are ignored (except for BADAC and IAC/INT0), the three-state output pins are placed in a high impedance state and other output pins are placed in their non-asserted states. RESET must be asserted for at least 41 CLK2 cycles for a predictable RESET. The HIGH to LOW transition of RESET should occur after the rising edge of both CLK2 and the external bus clock and before the next rising edge of CLK2. I/O = Input/Output, O = Output, I = Input, O.D. = Open Drain, T.S. = Three-state 9 80960KB Table 5. 80960KB Pin Description: Support Signals (Sheet 2 of 2) NAME FAILURE TYPE DESCRIPTION O INITIALIZATION FAILURE indicates that the processor did not initialize correctly. After RESET deasserts and before the first bus transaction begins, FAILURE asserts while the processor performs a self-test. If the self-test completes successfully, then FAILURE deasserts. The processor then performs a zero checksum on the first eight words of memory. If it fails, FAILURE asserts for a second time and remains asserted. If it passes, system initialization continues and FAILURE remains deasserted. O.D. IAC/INT0 I INTERAGENT COMMUNICATION REQUEST/INTERRUPT 0 indicates an IAC message or an interrupt is pending. The bus interrupt control register determines how the signal is interpreted. To signal an interrupt or IAC request in a synchronous system, this pin — as well as the other interrupt pins — must be enabled by being deasserted for at least one bus cycle and then asserted for at least one additional bus cycle. In an asynchronous system the pin must remain deasserted for at least two bus cycles and then asserted for at least two more bus cycles. During system reset, this signal must be in the logic high condition to enable normal processor operation. The logic low condition is reserved. INT1 I INTERRUPT 1, like INT0, provides direct interrupt signaling. INT2/INTR I INTERRUPT2/INTERRUPT REQUEST: The interrupt control register determines how this pin is interpreted. If INT2, it has the same interpretation as the INT0 and INT1 pins. If INTR, it is used to receive an interrupt request from an external interrupt controller. I/O INTERRUPT3/INTERRUPT ACKNOWLEDGE: The bus interrupt control register determines how this pin is interpreted. If INT3, it has the same interpretation as the INT0, INT1 and INT2 pins. If INTA, it is used as an output to control interrupt-acknowledge transactions. The INTA output is latched on-chip and remains valid during Td cycles; as an output, it is open-drain. INT3/INTA O.D. N.C. N/A NOT CONNECTED indicates pins should not be connected. Never connect any pin marked N.C. as these pins may be reserved for factory use. I/O = Input/Output, O = Output, I = Input, O.D. = Open Drain, T.S. = Three-state 2.0 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS 2.1 Power and Grounding The 80960KB is implemented in CHMOS IV technology and therefore has modest power requirements. Its high clock frequency and numerous output buffers (address/data, control, error and arbitration signals) can cause power surges as multiple output buffers simultaneously drive new signal levels. For clean on-chip power distribution, V CC and VSS pins separately feed the device’s functional units. Power and ground connections 10 must be made to all 80960KB power and ground pins. On the circuit board, all Vcc pins must be strapped closely together, preferably on a power plane; all Vss pins should be strapped together, preferably on a ground plane. 2.2 Power Decoupling Recommendations Place a liberal amount of decoupling capacitance near the 80960KB. When driving the L-bus the processor can cause transient power surges, particularly when connected to a large capacitive load. 80960KB Low inductance capacitors and interconnects are recommended for best high frequency electrical performance. Inductance is reduced by shortening board traces between the processor and decoupling capacitors as much as possible. 2.3 VCC OPEN-DRAIN OUTPUT 180 Ω Connection Recommendations For reliable operation, always connect unused inputs to an appropriate signal level. In particular, if one or more interrupt lines are not used, they should be pulled up. No inputs should ever be left floating. All open-drain outputs require a pullup device. While in most cases a simple pullup resistor is adequate, a network of pullup and pulldown resistors biased to a valid VIH ( >3.0 V) and terminated in the characteristic impedance of the circuit board is recommended to limit noise and AC power consumption. Figure 5 and Figure 6 show recommended values for the resistor network for low and high current drive, assuming a characteristic impedance of 100 Ω. Terminating output signals in this fashion limits signal swing and reduces AC power consumption. NOTE: Do not connect external logic to pins marked N.C. VCC OPEN-DRAIN OUTPUT 220 Ω Low Drive Network: VOH = 3.0 V IOL = 20.7 mA High Drive Network: VOH = 3.4 V IOL = 25.3 mA 390 Ω Figure 6. Connection Recommendations for High Current Drive Network 2.4 Characteristic Curves Figure 7 shows typical supply current requirements over the operating temperature range of the processor at supply voltage (VCC) of 5 V. Figure 8 and Figure 9 show the typical power supply current (ICC) that the 80960KB requires at various operating frequencies when measured at three input voltage (VCC) levels and two temperatures. For a given output current (IOL) the curve in Figure 10 shows the worst case output low voltage (VOL). Figure 11 shows the typical capacitive derating curve for the 80960KB measured from 1.5V on the system clock (CLK) to 1.5V on the falling edge and 1.5V on the rising edge of the L-Bus address/data (LAD) signals. 330 Ω Figure 5. Connection Recommendations for Low Current Drive Network 11 80960KB 380 VCC = 5.0 V 360 25 MHz 20 MHz 16 MHz POWER SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 340 320 300 280 260 240 220 200 -60-40-20020406080100120140 CASE TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 7. Typical Supply Current vs. Case Temperature 400 TEMP = +22°C 380 @5.5V @4.5V TYPICAL SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 360 @5.0V 340 320 300 280 260 240 220 200 180 16 20 25 OPERATING FREQUENCY (MHz) Figure 8. Typical Current vs. Frequency (Room Temp) 12 80960KB 380 TEMP = +22°C 360 @5.5V TYPICAL SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 340 @5.0V @4.5V 320 300 280 260 240 220 200 180 160 16 20 25 OPERATING FREQUENCY (MHz) Figure 9. Typical Current vs. Frequency (Hot Temp) (TEMP = +85°C, VCC = 4.5V) 30 FALLING THREE-STATE OUTPUT VALID DELAY(ns) OUTPUT LOW VOLTAGE (V) (TEMP = +85°C, VCC = 4.5V) 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 OUTPUT LOW CURRENT(mA) Figure 10. Worst-Case Voltage vs. Output Current on Open-Drain Pins 2.5 Test Load Circuit Figure 12 illustrates the load circuit used to test the 25 20 15 10 RISING 5 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 CAPACITIVE LOAD(pF) Figure 11. Capacitive Derating Curve 80960KB’s three-state pins; Figure 13 shows the load circuit used to test the open drain outputs. The open drain test uses an active load circuit in the form 13 80960KB of a matched diode bridge. Since the open-drain outputs sink current, only the IOL legs of the bridge are necessary and the IOH legs are not used. When the 80960KB driver under test is turned off, the output pin is pulled up to VREF (i.e., VOH). Diode D1 is turned off and the IOL current source flows through diode D2. When the 80960KB open-drain driver under test is on, diode D1 is also on and the voltage on the pin being tested drops to VOL. Diode D2 turns off and IOL flows through diode D1. THREE-STATE OUTPUT CL CL = 50 pF for all signals Figure 12. Test Load Circuit for Three-State Output Pins IOL OPEN-DRAIN OUTPUT D1 CL D2 I OL Tested at 25 mA VREF = VCC D1 and D2 are matched CL = 50 pF for all signals Figure 13. Test Load Circuit for Open-Drain Output Pins 14 80960KB 2.6 Absolute Maximum Ratings NOTICE:This is a production data sheet. The specifications are subject to change without notice. *WARNING: Stressing the device beyond the “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage. These are stress ratings only. Operation beyond the “Operating Conditions” is not recommended and extended exposure beyond the “Operating Conditions” may affect device reliability. Operating Temperature(PGA)................... 0°C to +85°C Case (PQFP) ............. 0°C to +100°C Case Storage Temperature .................................... –65°C to +150°C Voltage on Any Pin .................................. –0.5V to VCC +0.5V Power Dissipation ............................................ 2.5W (25 MHz) 2.7 DC Characteristics PGA: PQFP: 80960KB (16 MHz) TCASE = 0°C to +85° C, VCC = 5V ± 10% 80960KB (20 and 25 MHz) TCASE = 0°C to +85° C, VCC = 5V ± 5% 80960KB (16 MHz) TCASE = 0°C to +100°C, VCC = 5V ± 10% 80960KB (20 and 25 MHz) TCASE = 0°C to +100°C, VCC = 5V ± 5% Table 6. DC Characteristics Symbol Min Max Units VIL Input Low Voltage Parameter –0.3 +0.8 V VIH Input High Voltage 2.0 VCC + 0.3 V Notes VCL CLK2 Input Low Voltage –0.3 +0.8 V VCH CLK2 Input High Voltage 0.55 VCC VCC + 0.3 V VOL Output Low Voltage 0.45 V (1,2) VOH Output High Voltage V (3,4) ICC Power Supply Current: 16 MHz 20 MHz 25 MHz 315 360 420 mA mA mA (5) (5) (5) 2.4 ILI Input Leakage Current ±15 µA 0 ≤ VIN ≤ VCC ILO Output Leakage Current ±15 µA 0.45 ≤ VO ≤ VCC CIN Input Capacitance 10 pF fC = 1 MHz (6) CO Output Capacitance 12 pF fC = 1 MHz (6) CCLK Clock Capacitance 10 pF fC = 1 MHz (6) NOTES: 1. For three-state outputs, this parameter is measured at: Address/Data ........................................ 4.0 mA Controls.................................................. 5.0 mA 2. For open-drain outputs ........................... 25 mA 3. This parameter is measured at: Address/Data ...................................... -1.0 mA Controls................................................ -0.9 mA ALE ..................................................... -5.0 mA 4. Not measured on open-drain outputs. 5. Measured at worst case frequency, VCC and temperature, with device operating and outputs loaded to the test conditions in Figures 12 and 13. Figure 7, Figure 8 and Figure 9 indicate typical values. 6. Input, output and clock capacitance are not tested. 15 80960KB 2.8 For input timings the specifications refer to the time at which the signal reaches (for input setup) or leaves (for hold time) the TTL levels of LOW (0.8 V) or HIGH (2.0 V). All AC testing should be done with input voltages of 0.4 V and 2.4 V, except for the clock (CLK2), which should be tested with input voltages of 0.45 V and 0.55 VCC. AC Specifications This section describes the AC specifications for the 80960KB pins. All input and output timings are specified relative to the 1.5 V level of the rising edge of CLK2. For output timings the specifications refer to the time it takes the signal to reach 1.5 V. A EDGE CLK2 B 1.5V D C 1.5V A B 1.5V C 1.5V 0.8V T6 OUTPUTS: LAD 31:0 ADS W/R, DEN BE3:0 HLDA CACHE LOCK, INTA T9 1.5V T8 T13 T8 T14 1.5V 1.5V ALE 1.5V VALID OUTPUT T7 T6 T9 1.5V DT/R T10 INPUTS: LAD31:0 BADAC IAC/INT0, INT1 INT2/INTR, INT3 HOLD LOCK READY VALID OUTPUT T11 2.0V 2.0V 0.8V 0.8V T12 1.5V T11 2.0V 2.0V 0.8V 0.8V VALID INPUT Figure 14. Drive Levels and Timing Relationships for 80960KB Signals 16 80960KB 2.8.1 AC Specification Tables Table 7. 80960KB AC Characteristics (16 MHz) Symbol Parameter Min Max Units Notes Input Clock T1 Processor Clock Period (CLK2) T2 Processor Clock Low Time (CLK2) T3 Processor Clock High Time (CLK2) T4 Processor Clock Fall Time (CLK2) T5 Processor Clock Rise Time (CLK2) T6 Output Valid Delay 2 25 ns HLDA Output Valid Delay 4 28 ns T7 ALE Width 15 T8 ALE Output Valid Delay 2 T9 Output Float Delay HLDA Output Float Delay 31.25 125 ns VIN = 1.5V 8 ns VIL = 10% Point = 1.2V 8 ns VIH = 90% Point = 0.1V + 0.5 VCC 10 ns VIN = 90% Point to 10% Point (1) 10 ns VIN = 10% Point to 90% Point (1) Synchronous Outputs T6H T9H ns 18 ns 2 20 ns (2) 4 20 ns (2) Synchronous Inputs T10 Input Setup 1 3 ns (3) T11 Input Hold 5 ns (3) T11H HOLD Input Hold 4 ns (3) T12 Input Setup 2 8 ns (3) T13 Setup to ALE Inactive 10 ns T14 Hold after ALE Inactive 8 ns T15 Reset Hold 3 ns (3) T16 Reset Setup 5 ns (3) T17 Reset Width 1281 ns 41 CLK2 Periods Minimum NOTES: 1. Clock rise and fall times are not tested. 2. A float condition occurs when the maximum output current becomes less than ILO. Float delay is not tested; however, it should not be longer than the valid delay. 3. LAD31:0, BADAC, HOLD, LOCK and READY are synchronous inputs. IAC/INT0, INT1, INT2/INTR and INT3 may be synchronous or asynchronous. 17 80960KB Table 8. 80960KB AC Characteristics (20 MHz) Symbol Parameter Min Max Units Notes Input Clock T1 Processor Clock Period (CLK2) 25 T2 Processor Clock Low Time (CLK2) T3 Processor Clock High Time (CLK2) T4 Processor Clock Fall Time (CLK2) T5 Processor Clock Rise Time (CLK2) T6 Output Valid Delay 2 20 ns HLDA Output Valid Delay 4 23 ns T7 ALE Width 12 T8 ALE Output Valid Delay 2 18 ns T9 Output Float Delay 2 20 ns (2) HLDA Output Float Delay 4 20 ns (2) 125 ns VIN = 1.5V 6 ns VIL = 10% Point = 1.2V 6 ns VIH = 90% Point = 0.1V + 0.5 VCC 10 ns VIN = 90% Point to 10% Point (1) 10 ns VIN = 10% Point to 90% Point (1) Synchronous Outputs T6H T9H ns Synchronous Inputs T10 Input Setup 1 3 ns (3) T11 Input Hold 5 ns (3) T11H HOLD Input Hold 4 ns (3) T12 Input Setup 2 7 ns (3) T13 Setup to ALE Inactive 10 ns T14 Hold after ALE Inactive 8 ns T15 Reset Hold 3 ns T16 Reset Setup 5 ns T17 Reset Width 1025 ns 41 CLK2 Periods Minimum NOTES: 1. Clock rise and fall times are not tested. 2. A float condition occurs when the maximum output current becomes less than ILO. Float delay is not tested; however, it should not be longer than the valid delay. 3. LAD31:0, BADAC, HOLD, LOCK and READY are synchronous inputs. IAC/INT0, INT1, INT2/INTR and INT3 may be synchronous or asynchronous. 18 80960KB Table 9. 80960KB AC Characteristics (25 MHz) Symbol Parameter Min Max Units Notes Input Clock T1 Processor Clock Period (CLK2) 20 T2 Processor Clock Low Time (CLK2) T3 Processor Clock High Time (CLK2) T4 Processor Clock Fall Time (CLK2) T5 Processor Clock Rise Time (CLK2) T6 Output Valid Delay 2 18 ns HLDA Output Valid Delay 4 23 ns T7 ALE Width 12 T8 ALE Output Valid Delay 2 T9 Output Float Delay HLDA Output Float Delay 125 ns VIN = 1.5V 5 ns VIL = 10% Point = 1.2V 5 ns VIH = 90% Point = 0.1V + 0.5 VCC 10 ns VIN = 90% Point to 10% Point (1) 10 ns VIN = 10% Point to 90% Point (1) Synchronous Outputs T6H T9H ns 18 ns 2 18 ns (2) 4 20 ns (2) Synchronous Inputs T10 Input Setup 1 3 ns (3) T11 Input Hold 5 ns (3) T11H HOLD Input Hold 4 ns T12 Input Setup 2 7 ns T13 Setup to ALE Inactive 8 ns T14 Hold after ALE Inactive 8 ns T15 Reset Hold 3 ns T16 Reset Setup 5 ns T17 Reset Width 820 ns 41 CLK2 Periods Minimum NOTES: 1. Clock rise and fall times are not tested. 2. A float condition occurs when the maximum output current becomes less than ILO. Float delay is not tested; however, it should not be longer than the valid delay. 3. LAD31:0, BADAC, HOLD, LOCK and READY are synchronous inputs. IAC/INT0, INT1, INT2/INTR and INT3 may be synchronous or asynchronous. 19 80960KB T1 T3 HIGH LEVEL (MIN) 0.55VCC 90% 1.5 V 10% LOW LEVEL (MAX) 0.8V T5 T2 T4 Figure 15. Processor Clock Pulse (CLK2) CLK2 CLK RESET ... ... ... FIRST A B C D A T15 T16 T17 OUTPUTS ... INIT PARAMETERS (BADAC, INT0/IAC) MUST BE SET UP 8 CLOCKS PRIOR TO THIS CLK2 EDGE INIT PARAMETERS MUST BE HELD BEYOND THIS CLK2 EDGE Figure 16. RESET Signal Timing 20 T15 = RESET HOLD T16 = RESET SETUP T17 = RESET WIDTH 80960KB 3.0 MECHANICAL DATA 3.1 Packaging 3.1.1 Pin Assignment The PGA and PQFP have different pin assignments. Figure 18 shows the view from the PGA bottom (pins facing up) and Figure 19 shows a view from the PGA top (pins facing down). Figure 20 shows the PQFP package; Figure 21 shows the PQFP pinout with signal names. Notice that the pins are numbered in order from 1 to 132 around the package perimeter. Table 10 and Table 11 list the function of each PGA pin; Table 12 and Table 13 list the function of each PQFP pin. The 80960KB is available in two package types: • 132-lead ceramic pin-grid array (PGA). Pins are arranged 0.100 inch (2.54 mm) center-to-center, in a 14 by 14 matrix, three rows around (see Figure 17). • 132-lead plastic quad flat pack (PQFP). This package uses fine-pitch gull wing leads arranged in a single row along the package perimeter with 0.025 inch (0.64 mm) spacing (see Figure 20). Dimensions for both package types are given in the Intel Packaging handbook (Order #240800). 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 A B C D E F G H J K L M N P Figure 17. 132-Lead Pin-Grid Array (PGA) Package 21 80960KB 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 P P VCC N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. VSS VCC VSS N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. VCC VSS VSS VCC N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. VSS VCC N.C. N.C. N.C. DEN N.C. VCC VSS N.C. N.C. BE3 FAIL VSS VCC N.C. N.C. DT/R BE2 VSS N.C. N.C. N.C. W/R BE0 LOCK N.C. N.C. N.C. LAD30 READY BE1 N.C. N.C. N.C. LAD29 LAD31 CACHE N.C. N.C. N.C. LAD28 LAD26 LAD27 N.C. VSS N.C. VCC N.C. N.C. INT3 INT1 INT0 N N M M L L K K J J H H G G F F E E D D ALE ADS HLDA C C HOLD LAD25 BADAC VCC VSS LAD20 LAD13 LAD8 LAD3 VCC VSS B B LAD23 LAD24 LAD22 LAD21 LAD18 LAD15 LAD12 LAD10 LAD6 LAD2 CLK2 LAD0 RESET VSS A A VCC 1 VSS LAD19 LAD17 LAD 16 LAD14 LAD11 LAD9 LAD7 LAD5 LAD4 LAD1 INT2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 VCC 14 Figure 18. 80960KB PGA Pinout—View from Bottom (Pins Facing Up) ERRATA 6-17-97: Pin M2 was N.C.; should be VCC . Pin M13 was VCC; should be N.C. This page now shows it correctly. 22 80960KB 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 VCC VSS N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. VCC N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. VSS N.C. N.C. N.C. VCC VSS N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. VCC VSS VSS VCC N.C. N.C. N.C. VSS VCC N.C. DEN N.C. N.C. VCC VSS FAIL BE3 N.C. N.C. N.C. VSS BE2 DT/R N.C. N.C. N.C. LOCK BE0 W/R N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. VSS N.C. LAD27 LAD26 LAD28 N.C. N.C. VCC HLDA ADS INT0 INT1 INT3 P P N M N M L L K J H G F J H XXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXX A80960KB-25 K G BE1 READY LAD30 F CACHE LAD31 LAD29 E E D D ALE C C VSS VCC LAD3 LAD8 LAD13 LAD20 VSS VCC BADAC LAD25 HOLD B B VSS RESET LAD0 CLK2 LAD2 LAD6 LAD10 LAD12 LAD15 LAD18 LAD21 LAD 22 LAD24 LAD23 A A VCC 14 INT2 LAD1 LAD4 LAD5 LAD7 LAD9 LAD11 LAD14 LAD16 LAD17 LAD 19 VSS 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 VCC 1 Figure 19. 80960KB PGA Pinout—View from Top (Pins Facing Down) Figure 20. 80960KB 132-Lead Plastic Quad Flat-Pack (PQFP) Package 23 NC VSS VSS VSS NC NC NC NC NC RESET VCC CLK2 VSS NC INT3/INTA INT2/INTR INT1 IAC/INT0 VSS VCC VCC NC VSS VSS NC NC NC NC VCC VSS NC VCC VCC 80960KB 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 Figure 21. PQFP Pinout - View From Top 24 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 NC VSS VSS 2 HLDA ALE LAD26 LAD27 LAD28 LAD29 LAD30 LAD31 VSS CACHE W/R READY DT/R BE0 BE1 BE2 BE3 FAILURE VSS LOCK DEN VSS VSS NC NC VSS VSS NC VCC VCC 1 XXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXX LAD3 LAD4 LAD5 LAD6 LAD7 LAD8 LAD9 LAD10 LAD11 LAD12 VSS LAD13 LAD14 LAD15 LAD16 LAD17 LAD18 LAD19 LAD20 LAD21 LAD22 VSS LAD23 LAD24 LAD25 BADAC HOLD NC ADS 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 NG80960KB-25 LAD0 LAD1 LAD2 VSS NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC VSS VCC VCC NC VSS VSS NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC VSS VCC NC NC NC NC VCC VCC NC 80960KB 3.2 Pinout Table 10. 80960KB PGA Pinout — In Pin Order Pin Signal Pin Signal Pin Signal Pin A1 VCC C6 LAD20 H1 W/R M10 Signal VSS A2 VSS C7 LAD13 H2 BE0 M11 VCC A3 LAD19 C8 LAD 8 H3 LOCK M12 N.C. A4 LAD17 C9 LAD 3 H12 N.C. M13 N.C. A5 LAD16 C10 VCC H13 N.C. M14 N.C. A6 LAD14 C11 VSS H14 N.C. N1 VSS A7 LAD11 C12 INT3/INTA J1 DT/R N2 N.C. A8 LAD9 C13 INT1 J2 BE2 N3 N.C. A9 LAD7 C14 IAC/INT0 J3 V SS N4 N.C. A10 LAD5 D1 ALE J12 N.C. N5 N.C. A11 LAD4 D2 ADS J13 N.C. N6 N.C. A12 LAD1 D3 HLDA J14 N.C. N7 N.C. A13 INT2/INTR D12 VCC K1 BE3 N8 N.C. A14 VCC D13 N.C. K2 FAILURE N9 N.C. B1 LAD23 D14 N.C. K3 V SS N10 N.C. B2 LAD24 E1 LAD28 K12 VCC N11 N.C. B3 LAD22 E2 LAD26 K13 N.C. N12 N.C. B4 LAD21 E3 LAD27 K14 N.C. N13 N.C. B5 LAD18 E12 N.C. L1 DEN N14 N.C. B6 LAD15 E13 VSS L2 N.C. P1 VCC B7 LAD12 E14 N.C. L3 VCC P2 N.C. B8 LAD10 F1 LAD29 L12 VSS P3 N.C. B9 LAD6 F2 LAD31 L13 N.C. P4 N.C. B10 LAD2 F3 CACHE L14 N.C. P5 N.C. B11 CLK2 F12 N.C. M1 N.C. P6 N.C. B12 LAD0 F13 N.C. M2 VCC P7 N.C. B13 RESET F14 N.C. M3 V SS P8 N.C. B14 VSS G1 LAD30 M4 V SS P9 N.C. C1 HOLD G2 READY M5 VCC P10 N.C. C2 LAD25 G3 BE1 M6 N.C. P11 N.C. N.C. C3 BADAC G12 N.C. M7 N.C. P12 C4 V CC G13 N.C. M8 N.C. P13 VSS C5 VSS G14 N.C. M9 N.C. P14 VCC NOTE: Do not connect any external logic to any pins marked N.C. 25 80960KB Table 11. 80960KB PGA Pinout — In Signal Order Signal Pin Signal Pin Signal Pin Signal ADS D2 LAD15 B6 N.C. J14 N.C. P9 ALE D1 LAD16 A5 N.C. K13 N.C. P10 BADAC C3 LAD17 A4 N.C. K14 N.C. P11 P12 BE0 H2 LAD18 B5 N.C. L13 N.C. BE1 G3 LAD19 A3 N.C. L14 N.C. L2 BE2 J2 LAD20 C6 N.C. M1 READY G2 BE3 K1 LAD21 B4 N.C. M6 RESET B13 CACHE F3 LAD22 B3 N.C. M7 V CC A1 CLK2 B11 LAD23 B1 N.C. M8 V CC A14 DEN L1 LAD24 B2 N.C. M9 V CC C4 DT/R J1 LAD25 C2 N.C. M12 V CC C10 FAILURE K2 LAD26 E2 N.C. M13 V CC D12 HLDA D3 LAD27 E3 N.C. M14 V CC K12 HOLD C1 LAD28 E1 N.C. N2 V CC L3 IAC/INT0 C14 LAD29 F1 N.C. N3 V CC M2 INT1 C13 LAD30 G1 N.C. N4 V CC M5 INT2/INTR A13 LAD31 F2 N.C. N5 V CC M11 INT3/INTA C12 LOCK H3 N.C. N6 VCC P1 LAD0 B12 N.C. D13 N.C. N7 V CC P14 LAD1 A12 N.C. D14 N.C. N8 VSS A2 LAD2 B10 N.C. E12 N.C. N9 VSS B14 LAD3 C9 N.C. E14 N.C. N10 VSS C5 LAD4 A11 N.C. F12 N.C. N11 VSS C11 LAD5 A10 N.C. F13 N.C. N12 VSS E11 LAD6 B9 N.C. F14 N.C. N13 VSS J3 LAD7 A9 N.C. G12 N.C. N14 VSS K3 LAD8 C8 N.C. G13 N.C. P2 VSS L12 LAD9 A8 N.C. G14 N.C. P3 VSS M3 LAD10 B8 N.C. H12 N.C. P4 VSS M4 LAD11 A7 N.C. H13 N.C. P5 VSS M10 LAD12 B7 N.C. H14 N.C. P6 VSS N1 LAD13 C7 N.C. J12 N.C. P7 VSS P13 LAD14 A6 N.C. J13 N.C. P8 W/R H1 NOTE: 26 Pin Do not connect any external logic to any pins marked N.C. 80960KB Table 12. 80960KB PQFP Pinout — In Pin Order Pin Signal Pin Signal Pin Signal Pin Signal Pin 1 HLDA 34 N.C. 67 VSS 100 LAD0 2 ALE 35 VCC 68 VSS 101 LAD1 3 LAD26 36 VCC 69 N.C. 102 LAD2 4 LAD27 37 N.C. 70 VCC 103 VSS 5 LAD28 38 N.C. 71 VCC 104 LAD3 6 LAD29 39 N.C. 72 N.C. 105 LAD4 7 LAD30 40 N.C. 73 VSS 106 LAD5 8 LAD31 41 VCC 74 VCC 107 LAD6 9 VSS 42 VSS 75 N.C. 108 LAD7 10 CACHE 43 N.C. 76 N.C. 109 LAD8 Pin Pin 11 W/R 44 N.C. 77 N.C. 110 LAD9 12 READY 45 N.C. 78 N.C. 111 LAD10 13 DT/R 46 N.C. 79 VSS 112 LAD11 14 BE0 47 N.C. 80 VSS 113 LAD12 15 BE1 48 N.C. 81 N.C. 114 VSS 16 BE2 49 N.C. 82 VCC 115 LAD13 17 BE3 50 N.C. 83 VCC 116 LAD14 18 FAILURE 51 N.C. 84 VSS 117 LAD15 19 VSS 52 VSS 85 IAC/INT0 118 LAD16 20 LOCK 53 VSS 86 INT1 119 LAD17 21 DEN 54 N.C. 87 NT2/INTR 120 LAD18 22 VSS 55 VCC 88 NT3/INTA 121 LAD19 23 VSS 56 VCC 89 N.C. 122 LAD20 24 N.C. 57 VSS 90 VSS 123 LAD21 25 N.C. 58 N.C. 91 CLK2 124 LAD22 26 VSS 59 N.C. 92 VCC 125 VSS 27 VSS 60 N.C. 93 RESET 126 LAD23 28 N.C. 61 N.C. 94 N.C. 127 LAD24 29 VCC 62 N.C. 95 N.C. 128 LAD25 30 VCC 63 N.C. 96 N.C. 129 BADAC 31 N.C. 64 N.C. 97 N.C. 130 HOLD 32 VSS 65 N.C. 98 N.C. 131 N.C. 33 VSS 66 N.C. 99 VSS 132 ADS NOTE: Do not connect any external logic to any pins marked N.C. 27 80960KB Table 13. 80960KB PQFP Pinout — In Signal Order Signal Pin Signal Pin Signal Pin Signal Pin ADS 132 LAD15 117 N.C. 49 VCC 41 ALE 2 LAD16 118 N.C. 50 VCC 55 BADAC 129 LAD17 119 N.C. 51 VCC 56 BE0 14 LAD18 120 N.C. 54 VCC 70 BE1 15 LAD19 121 N.C. 58 VCC 71 BE2 16 LAD20 122 N.C. 59 VCC 74 BE3 17 LAD21 123 N.C. 60 VCC 82 CACHE 10 LAD22 124 N.C. 61 VCC 83 CLK2 91 LAD23 126 N.C. 62 VCC 92 DEN 21 LAD24 127 N.C. 63 VSS 9 DT/R 13 LAD25 128 N.C. 64 VSS 19 FAILURE 18 LAD26 3 N.C. 65 V SS 22 HLDA 1 LAD27 4 N.C. 66 V SS 23 HOLD 130 LAD28 5 N.C. 69 V SS 26 IAC/INT0 85 LAD29 6 N.C. 72 V SS 27 INT1 86 LAD30 7 N.C. 75 V SS 32 INT2/INTR 87 LAD31 8 N.C. 76 V SS 33 INT3/INTA 88 LOCK 20 N.C. 77 VSS 42 LAD0 100 N.C. 24 N.C. 78 VSS 52 LAD1 101 N.C. 25 N.C. 81 VSS 53 LAD2 102 N.C. 28 N.C. 89 VSS 57 LAD3 104 N.C. 31 N.C. 94 VSS 67 LAD4 105 N.C. 34 N.C. 95 VSS 68 LAD5 106 N.C. 37 N.C. 96 VSS 73 LAD6 107 N.C. 38 N.C. 97 VSS 79 LAD7 108 N.C. 39 N.C. 98 VSS 80 LAD8 109 N.C. 40 N.C. 131 VSS 84 LAD9 110 N.C. 43 READY 12 V SS 90 LAD10 111 N.C. 44 RESET 93 VSS 99 LAD11 112 N.C. 45 VCC 29 V SS 103 LAD12 113 N.C. 46 VCC 30 V SS 114 LAD13 115 N.C. 47 VCC 35 V SS 125 LAD14 116 N.C. 48 VCC 36 W/R 11 NOTE: 28 Do not connect any external logic to any pins marked N.C. 80960KB 3.3 If the 80960KB is to be used in a harsh environment where the ambient temperature may exceed the limits for the normal commercial part, consider using an extended temperature device. These components are designated by the prefix “TA” and are available at 16, 20 and 25 MHz in the ceramic PGA package. Extended operating temperature range is –40° C to +125°C (case). Package Thermal Specification The 80960KB is specified for operation when case temperature is within the range 0°C to 85°C (PGA) or 0°C to 100°C (PQFP). Measure case temperature at the top center of the package. Ambient temperature can be calculated from: • TJ = TC + P*θjc • TA = TJ + P*θja • TC = TA + P*[θja−θjc] Figure 26 shows the maximum allowable ambient temperature for the 20 MHz extended temperature TA80960KB at various airflows. The curve assumes an ICC of 420 mA, VCC of 5.0 V and a TCASE of +125°C. Values for θja and θjc for various airflows are given in Table 12 for the PGA package and in Table 12 for the PQFP package. The PGA’s θja can be reduced by adding a heatsink. For the PQFP, however, a heatsink is not generally used since the device is intended to be surface mounted. Maximum allowable ambient temperature (TA) permitted without exceeding TC is shown by the graphs in Figures 23, 24, 25 and 26. The curves assume the maximum permitted supply current (ICC) at each speed, VCC of +5.0 V and a TCASE of +85°C (PGA) or +100°C (PQFP). Table 14. 80960KB PGA Package Thermal Characteristics Thermal Resistance — °C/Watt Airflow — ft./min (m/sec) Parameter 0 50 100 200 400 600 800 (0) (0.25) (0.50) (1.01) (2.03) (3.04) (4.06) θ Junction-to-Case 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 θ Case-to-Ambient (No Heatsink) 19 18 17 15 12 10 9 θ Case-to-Ambient (Omnidirectional Heatsink) 16 15 14 12 9 7 6 θ Case-to-Ambient (Unidirectional Heatsink) 15 θJA θJ-PIN θJC θJ-CAP 14 13 11 8 6 5 NOTES: 1. This table applies to 80960KB PGA plugged into socket or soldered directly to board. 2. θJA = θJC + θCA 3. θJ-CAP = 4°C/W (approx.) θJ-PIN = 4°C/W (inner pins) (approx.) θJ-PIN = 8°C/W (outer pins) (approx.) 29 80960KB Table 15. 80960KB PQFP Package Thermal Characteristics Thermal Resistance — °C/Watt Airflow — ft./min (m/sec) Parameter 0 50 100 200 400 600 800 (0) (0.25) (0.50) (1.01) (2.03) (3.04) (4.06) θ Junction-to-Case 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 θ Case-to-Ambient (No Heatsink) 22 19 18 16 11 9 8 NOTES: 1. This table applies to 80960KB PQFP soldered directly to board. 2. θJA = θJC + θCA 3. θJL = 18°C/W (approx.) θJB = 18°C/W (approx.) θJC θJL θJB Th Th Th CLK2 CLK T12 T11 HOLD T6H T9H HLDA Figure 22. HOLD Timing 30 80960KB 90 TEMPERATURE (oC) 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 0 200 400 600 800 AIRFLOW (ft/min) PQFP PGA with no heatsink PGA with omnidirectional heatsink PGA with unidirectional heatsink Figure 23. 16 MHz Maximum Allowable Ambient Temperature 90 85 TEMPERATURE (oC) 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 0 200 400 600 800 AIRFLOW (ft/min) PQFP PGA with no heatsink PGA with omnidirectional heatsink PGA with unidirectional heatsink Figure 24. 20 MHz Maximum Allowable Ambient Temperature 31 80960KB 85 80 TEMPERATURE (oC) 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 AIRFLOW (ft/min) PQFP PGA with no heatsink PGA with omnidirectional heatsink PGA with unidirectional heatsink Figure 25. 25 MHz Maximum Allowable Ambient Temperature TEMPERATURE (o C) 120 115 110 105 100 95 90 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 AIRFLOW (ft/min) PGA with no heatsink PGA with omnidirectional heatsink PGA with unidirectional heatsink Figure 26. Maximum Allowable Ambient Temperature for the Extended Temperature TA-80960KB at 20 MHz in PGA Package 32 80960KB 4.0 WAVEFORMS Figures 27, 28, 29 and 30 show the waveforms for various transactions on the 80960KB’s local bus. Ta Td Tr Ta Td Tr CLK2 CLK LAD31:0 ALE ADS BE3:0 W/R DT/R DEN READY Figure 27. Non-Burst Read and Write Transactions Without Wait States 33 80960KB Ta Td Td Tr Ta Td Td Td CLK2 CLK LAD31:0 ALE ADS BE3:0 W/R DT/R DEN READY Figure 28. Burst Read and Write Transaction Without Wait States 34 Td Tr 80960KB Ta Tw Tw Td Tw Td Tw Td Tw Td Tr CLK2 CLK LAD31:0 ALE ADS BE3:0 W/R DT/R DEN READY Figure 29. Burst Write Transaction with 2, 1, 1, 1 Wait States 35 80960KB Ta Tw Td Td Td Td Tr Ta Tw Td Tr CLK2 CLK LAD31:0 ALE ADS BE3:2 BE1:0 W/R DT/R DEN READY Figure 30. Accesses Generated by Quad Word Read Bus Request, Misaligned Two Bytes from Quad Word Boundary (1, 0, 0, 0 Wait States) 36 80960KB PREVIOUS CYCLE INTERRUPT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT INTERRUPT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT IDLE (5 BUS STATES) CYCLE 1 TX TX Ta Td CYCLE 2 Tr TI TI TI TI TI Ta Tw Td Tr CLK2 CLK INTR LAD31:0 ADDR ADDR VECTOR ALE ADS INTA DT/R DEN LOCK READY NOTE: INTR can go low no sooner than the input hold time following the beginning of interrupt acknowledgment cycle 1. For a second interrupt to be acknowledged, INTR must be low for at least three cycles before it can be reasserted. Figure 31. Interrupt Acknowledge Transaction 37 80960KB 5.0 REVISION HISTORY No revision history was maintained in earlier revisions of this data sheet. All errata that has been identified to date is incorporated into this revision. The sections significantly changed since the previous revision are: Section Last Rev. Description Table 4. 80960KB Pin Description: L-Bus Signals (pg. 8) -005 LOCK pin description rewritten for clarity. 2.3. Connection Recommendations (pg. 11) -005 Changed suggested open-drain termination networks to reflect more realistic operating conditions with reduction in DC power consumption. Figure 9. Typical Current vs. Frequency (Hot Temp) (pg. 13) -005 Added figure for typical power supply current at hot temperature to aid thermal analysis. Figure 12. Test Load Circuit for Three-State Output Pins (pg. 14) -005 All outputs now specified with standard 50 pF test loads to agree with actual test methodology. Figure 13. Test Load Circuit for Open-Drain Output Pins (pg. 14) 2.7. DC Characteristics (pg. 15) -005 ICC max specification reduced: WAS: IS: AT: 375 mA 420 mA 480 mA 315 mA 360 mA 420 mA 16 MHz 20 MHz 25 MHz Figures 7, 8, 9, 23, 24, 25 and 26 have also been changed accordingly. 2.8. AC Specifications (pg. 16) -005 25 MHz operation extended to product in PQFP package. T8 min. improved at all frequencies from 0 ns to 2 ns and T8 max. improved from 20 ns to 18 ns. T8H max improvement: WAS: IS: AT: 31ns 26ns 24ns 28ns 23ns 23ns 16 MHz 20 MHz 25 MHz Functional Waveforms -005 Redrawn for clarity. CLK signal drawn with more likely phase relationship to CLK2. Open-drain output signals drawn to show correct inactive states. Various -005 Deleted all references to 10 MHz. Intel no longer offers a 10 MHz 80960KB device. Table 4. 80960KB Pin Description: L-Bus Signals (pg. 8) -006 DEN pin description omitted from revision -005. Figure 18, 80960KB PGA Pinout—View from Bottom (Pins Facing Up) (pg. 22) -006 38 Pin M2 was N.C., now shows as VCC Pin M13 was VCC , now shows as N.C.