DATA SHEET AAT1171 600mA Voltage-Scaling Step-Down Converter for RF Power Amplifiers with Bypass Switch General Description Features The AAT1171 SwitchReg™ dynamically controls the operating voltage of a WCDMA or CDMA power amplifier inside single-cell, lithium-ion battery-powered systems. The AAT1171 outputs a voltage between 0.6V and 3.6V, thereby optimizing the amplifier efficiency at both low and high transmit levels. • • • • • • • The AAT1171 output voltage is controlled via an analog signal from the baseband processor. It can deliver 600mA of continuous load current while maintaining a low 45μA of no load quiescent current. The 2MHz switching frequency minimizes the size of external components while keeping switching losses low. To further improve system efficiency, an 85mΩ bypass MOSFET transistor is also included to allow the PA to be powered directly from the battery. The AAT1171 maintains high efficiency thoughout the entire load range in Light Load (LL) mode, and can be forced into Pulse Wide Modulation (PWM) mode for low noise operation or can be synchronized to an external clock. The AAT1171 is available in a Pb-free, space-saving TDFN33-12 or 12-pin wafer-level chip scale package (WLCSP) and is rated over the -40°C to +85°C temperature range. • • • • • • • • • • VIN Range: 2.7V to 5.5V Variable Output Voltage: 0.6V to 3.6V 600mA Output Current DAC Input: 0.2V to 1.2V High Output Accuracy: ±3% 45μA No Load Quiescent Current Internal Soft Start Limits Startup Current and Output Voltage Overshoot Synchronizable to External 19.8MHz System Clock Over-Temperature and Current Limit Protection Integrated 85mΩ Bypass MOSFET 2MHz Operation PWM/LL Control with Override Fast Start-Up: ▪ 50μs (AAT1171-4, AAT1171-5) ▪ 150μs (AAT1171-1) 100% Duty Cycle Operation <30μs Output Voltage Response Time 3x3mm 12-Pin TDFN or 1.535x2.235mm 12-Pin WLCSP Package Temperature Range: -40°C to +85°C Applications • WCDMA or CDMA PA in Cellular Phones, Smartphones, Feature Phones, etc. • Express Card • PCMCIA Data Cards Typical Application L1 2.2μH VIN LX VCC – COUT 4.7μF VOUT BYPASS – CIN 4.7μF COUT 10μF VOUT MODE/SYNC EN DAC VCC2 VCONT GNDx2 VREF DAC Baseband Processor AAT1171-5 BYPASS MODE/SYNC EN DAC 0.6V - 3.6V LX VCC AAT1171-1/ AAT1171-4 CIN 4.7μF L1 4.7μH VIN 0.6V - 3.6V TX RX VCC2 VCONT GNDx2 VCC2 VREF PA DAC Baseband Processor VCC2 PA TX RX Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 201999B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • March 20, 2013 1 DATA SHEET AAT1171 600mA Voltage-Scaling Step-Down Converter for RF Power Amplifiers with Bypass Switch Pin Descriptions Pin # TDFN33-12 WLCSP-12 Symbol 1 N/A N/C 2, 3 5, 9 VOUT 4 7 VCC 5 6 AGND 6 1 DAC 7 2 EN 8 3 BYPASS 9 4 MODE/SYNC 10 11 12 8, 11 VIN PGND 12 10 LX EP N/A Function Not connected. Feedback input pin. This pin is connected to the converter output. It is used to complete the control loop, regulating the output voltage to the desired value. When in bypass mode, a low resistance MOSFET is connected between this pin and VIN. Bias supply. Supply power for the internal circuitry. Connect to input power via low pass filter with decoupling to AGND. Analog ground. Connect the return of all small signal components to this pin. Control voltage input from a DAC. Input voltage between 0.2V and 1.2V to control output voltage of the converter. Force pin to 1.3V for bypass switch enable. Enable DC/DC converter, active high. Enable control to bypass the DC/DC converter when PA transmitting at full power from low battery voltage. Active high. This pin is used to program the device between PWM and LL mode: HIGH - PWM Mode Only LOW - LL Mode: PWM operation for loads above 100mA and variable switching frequency for loads below 100mA. Connecting the SYNC pin to the system clock (19.8MHz) will override the internal clock and force the switching frequency to the external clock frequency divided by 10. Input supply voltage for the converter. Must be closely decoupled. Main power ground. Connect to the output and input capacitor return. Switching node. Connect the inductor to this pin. It is connected internally to the drain of both low- and high-side MOSFETs. Exposed paddle (bottom). Connect to ground directly beneath the package. Pin Configuration TDFN33-12 (Top View) WLCSP-5 (Top View) 11: PGND 8: PGND N/C VOUT VOUT VCC AGND DAC 1 12 2 11 3 10 4 9 5 8 6 7 LX PGND VIN MODE/SYNC BYPASS EN LX 10 11 12 VIN VOUT 9 8 7 VCC MODE/SYNC 4 5 6 AGND BYPASS 3 2 1 DAC 5: VOUT 2: EN 2 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 201999B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • March 20, 2013 DATA SHEET AAT1171 600mA Voltage-Scaling Step-Down Converter for RF Power Amplifiers with Bypass Switch Absolute Maximum Ratings1 Symbol VCC, VIN VLX VOUT VN TJ TLEAD Description Input Voltage and Bias Power to GND LX to GND VOUT to GND EN, DAC, BYPASS, MODE/SYNC to GND Operating Junction Temperature Range Maximum Soldering Temperature (at leads, 10 sec) Value Units 6.0 -0.3 to VIN + 0.3 -0.3 to VIN + 0.3 -0.3 to 6.0 -40 to 150 300 V V V V °C °C Value Units Thermal Information2 Symbol Description PD Maximum Power Dissipation, TA = 25°C θJA Thermal Resistance, TA = 25°C TDFN33-122, 3 WLCSP-122, 4 TDFN33-12 WLCSP-12 2.0 0.88 50 114 W °C/W 1. Stresses above those listed in Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. Functional operation at conditions other than the operating conditions specified is not implied. Only one Absolute Maximum Rating should be applied at any one time. 2. Mounted on FR4 board; for the WLCSP package, use the NSMD (none-solder mask defined) pad style for tighter control on the copper etch process. 3. Derate 20mW/°C above 25°C ambient. 4. Derate 8.8mW/°C above 25°C ambient. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 201999B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • March 20, 2013 3 DATA SHEET AAT1171 600mA Voltage-Scaling Step-Down Converter for RF Power Amplifiers with Bypass Switch Electrical Characteristics1 TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. VIN = VCC = 3.6V; typical values are TA = 25°C. Symbol VIN VUVLO VOUT VDACIN Description Input Voltage UVLO Threshold UVLO Hysteresis VOUT Programmable Range Input Voltage Range from DAC IQ Quiescent Current ISHDN Shutdown Current ILIM P-Channel Current Limit RDS(ON)H High Side Switch On Resistance RDS(ON)L Low Side Switch On Resistance RDS(ON)BP Bypass Switch Resistance ILXLEAK LX Leakage Current ∆VOUT/ Load Regulation VOUT ∆VOUT/ Line Regulation VOUT/∆VIN ROUT Feedback Impedance VOUT Output Voltage Accuracy FOSC Oscillator Frequency TSD Over-Temperature Shutdown Threshold THYS Over-Temperature Shutdown Hysteresis ILL Light Load Load Current Threshold tVOUTS Output Voltage Settling Time PWM/Light Load/EN Enable Threshold Low VEN(L) VEN(H) Enable Threshold High IEN Input Low Current tEN Turn-On Enable Response Time MODE/SYNC FMODE/SYNC Synchronization Frequency VMODE/ MODE/SYNC High Level Threshold Conditions SYNC(L) Typ 2.7 VIN Rising No Load, Light Load No Load, PWM, VCC Bias Current EN = AGND = PGND, MODE/SYNC = VIN or GND TA = 25°C 45 420 1.2 VDAC = 1.3V or BYPASS = VIN VCC = 5.5V, VLX = 0 to VCC, EN = 0V 1.746 170 1.8 2.0 140 15 100 VOUT = 0.6V to VOUT(MAX), MODE/SYNC = VIN 5.5 V V mV V V 3.6 1.2 70 μA 1 A mΩ mΩ mΩ μA 0.5 % 0.2 %/V 1.854 0.6 VCC = 5.5V AAT1171-1: EN = Low to High, MODE/SYNC = High, VDAC = 1.2V AAT1171-4/AAT1171-5: EN = Low to High, MODE/SYNC = High, VDAC = 1.2V 1.4 -1.0 1.0 kΩ V MHz °C °C mA μs V V μA 150 μs 50 Sync to 19.8MHz2 19.8 MHz VIN0.4 VSYNC = GND or VCC μA 1.0 30 V MODE/SYNC Low Level Threshold IMODE/SYNC MODE/SYNC Low Current DAC Input Gain Output Voltage/DAC Voltage3 Units 1.6 230 230 85 ILOAD = 0 to 500mA VDAC = 0.6V, ILOAD = 0 Max 2.6 200 0.6 0.2 SYNC(H) VMODE/ Min -1.0 0.4 V 1.0 μA 3 V/V 1. The AAT1171 is guaranteed to meet performance specifications over the -40°C to +85°C operating temperature range and is assured by design, characterization, and correlation with statistical process controls. 2. Please contact Sales for other synchronization frequencies. 3. Please contact Sales for other output voltage/DAC voltage gains. 4 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 201999B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • March 20, 2013 DATA SHEET AAT1171 600mA Voltage-Scaling Step-Down Converter for RF Power Amplifiers with Bypass Switch Typical Characteristics Efficiency vs. Output Current Load Regulation (LL Mode; VOUT = 3.3V) (LL Mode; VOUT = 3.3V) 100 Output Voltage Error (%) Efficiency (%) 90 1.0 VIN = 3.9V 80 VIN = 4.2V 70 VIN = 5.0V 60 50 40 0.1 1 10 100 1000 0.5 VIN = 5.0V 0.0 VIN = 3.6V VIN = 4.2V -0.5 -1.0 0.1 1 10 Output Current (mA) Efficiency vs. Output Current Load Regulation (PWM Mode; VOUT = 3.3V) (PWM Mode; VOUT = 3.3V) 1.0 Output Voltage Error (%) 90 Efficiency (%) 80 70 VIN = 4.2V VIN = 3.6V 60 50 40 VIN = 5.0V 30 20 10 0.1 1 10 100 1000 VIN = 5.0V 0.5 0.0 VIN = 3.6V -0.5 -1.0 0.1 VIN = 4.2V 1 10 Output Current (mA) 100 1000 Output Current (mA) Efficiency vs. Output Current Load Regulation (LL Mode; VOUT = 2.5V) (LL Mode; VOUT = 2.5V) 1.0 Output Voltage Error (%) 100 VIN = 3.0V 90 Efficiency (%) 1000 Output Current (mA) 100 0 100 80 VIN = 4.2V 70 VIN = 5.0V 60 50 40 0.1 1 10 Output Current (mA) 100 1000 0.5 VIN = 5.0V VIN = 4.2V 0.0 VIN = 3.0V -0.5 -1.0 0.1 1 10 100 1000 Output Current (mA) Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 201999B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • March 20, 2013 5 DATA SHEET AAT1171 600mA Voltage-Scaling Step-Down Converter for RF Power Amplifiers with Bypass Switch Typical Characteristics Efficiency vs. Output Current Load Regulation (PWM Mode; VOUT = 2.5V) (PWM Mode; VOUT = 2.5V) 1.0 Output Voltage Error (%) 100 90 Efficiency (%) 80 VIN = 3.0V 70 60 VIN = 4.2V 50 40 30 VIN = 5.0V 20 10 0 0.1 1 10 100 1000 VIN = 5.0V 0.5 VIN = 3.0V 0.0 VIN = 4.2V -0.5 -1.0 0.1 1 Output Current (mA) Efficiency vs. Output Current Load Regulation (LL Mode; VOUT = 1.8V) (LL Mode; VOUT = 1.8V) Output Voltage Error (%) Efficiency (%) VIN = 2.7V 80 VIN = 4.2V 70 60 VIN = 3.6V 50 40 30 0.1 1 10 100 1000 VIN = 3.6V 0.5 VIN = 4.2V 0.0 VIN = 2.7V -0.5 -1.0 0 1 Load Regulation (PWM Mode; VOUT = 1.8V) (PWM Mode; VOUT = 1.8V) Efficiency (%) Output Voltage Error (%) VIN = 2.7V 80 70 VIN = 3.6V 60 50 40 VIN = 4.2V 30 20 10 1 10 Output Current (mA) 6 100 1000 Output Current (mA) 100 0.1 10 Efficiency vs. Output Current 90 1000 1.0 Output Current (mA) 0 100 Output Current (mA) 100 90 10 100 1000. 1.0 VIN = 3.6V 0.5 VIN = 4.2V 0.0 VIN = 2.7V -0.5 -1.0 0.1 1 10 100 Output Current (mA) Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 201999B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • March 20, 2013 1000 DATA SHEET AAT1171 600mA Voltage-Scaling Step-Down Converter for RF Power Amplifiers with Bypass Switch Typical Characteristics Output Voltage vs. Supply Voltage Output Voltage vs. Supply Voltage (LL Mode; VOUT = 1.5V) (PWM Mode; VOUT = 1.5V) 1.514 1.510 Output Voltage (V) Output Voltage (V) 1.514 IOUT = 50mA 1.506 IOUT = 300mA 1.502 1.498 IOUT = 600mA 1.494 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3..5 3.7 3..9 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5 1.510 IOUT = 50mA 1.506 IOUT = 300mA 1.502 IOUT = 600mA 1.498 1.494 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5 Supply Voltage (V) Supply Voltage (V) Output Voltage vs. Temperature Bypass Mode Dropout Voltage vs. Load Current 0.05 1.0 Dropout Voltage (V) Output Voltage Error (%) (VIN = 3.6V; VOUT = 1.8V; VDAC = 0.6V; RL = 10) 0.5 0.0 -0.5 -1.0 -1.5 -40 -15 10 35 60 0.00 -0.05 -0.10 -0.15 -0.20 -0.25 -0.30 0.1 85 1 10 Temperature (°°C) 1000 Load Current (mA) Supply Current vs. Supply Voltage Supply Current vs. Supply Voltage (No Load; LL Mode) (No Load; PWM Mode) 7.0 70 65 Supply Current (mA) Supply Current (µA) 100 VOUT = 1.8V 60 55 50 45 VOUT = 0.6V 40 35 30 6.5 VOUT = 1.8V 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 VOUT = 0.6V 3.0 2.5 2.0 2.7 3.1 3.5 3.9 4.3 Supply Voltage (V) 4.7 5.1 5.5 2.7 3.1 3.5 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.1 5.5 Supply Voltage (V) Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 201999B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • March 20, 2013 7 DATA SHEET AAT1171 600mA Voltage-Scaling Step-Down Converter for RF Power Amplifiers with Bypass Switch Typical Characteristics P-Channel RDS(ON) vs. Input Voltage Bypass RDS(ON) vs. Input Voltage 140 400 TJ = 120°C TJ = 85°C 300 250 TJ = 25°C 200 TJ = 120°C 120 RDS(ON) (mΩ Ω) RDS(ON) (mΩ Ω) 350 150 100 100 80 TJ = 25°C 60 40 20 50 0 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.1 0 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5 Input Voltage (V) Input Voltage (V) Switching Frequency vs. Temperature Output Voltage vs. DAC Voltage (VIN = 3.6V; VOUT = 1.8V; RL = 10) (VIN = 4.2V; LL Mode) 2.06 4.5 2.04 4.0 2.02 Output Voltage (V) Switching Frequency (MHz) TJ = 85°C PWM 2.00 1.98 LL 1.96 1.94 1.92 1.90 -40.0 -20.0 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 Temperature (°°C) 25°C 3.5 85°C 3.0 2.5 2.0 -40°C 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 DAC Voltage (V) Heavy Load Switching Waveform (VIN = 3.6V; VOUT = 1.8V; RL = 3Ω; COUT = 4.7µF; L = 2.2µH) VOUT (AC coupled) 20mV/div IL 200mA/div 0 VLX 2V/div 0 Time (200ns/div) 8 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 201999B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • March 20, 2013 1.2 1.4 DATA SHEET AAT1171 600mA Voltage-Scaling Step-Down Converter for RF Power Amplifiers with Bypass Switch Typical Characteristics Light Load Switching Waveform Light Load Switching Waveform (PWM Mode; VIN = 4.2V; VOUT = 0.6V; RL = 10Ω; COUT = 4.7µF; L = 2.2µH) (LL Mode; VIN = 4.2V; VOUT = 0.6V; RL = 10Ω; COUT = 4.7µF; L = 2.2µH) VOUT (AC coupled) 20mV/div VOUT (AC coupled) 20mV/div IL 100mA/div IL 200mA/div VLX 2V/div VLX 2V/div 0 0 0 0 Time (200ns/div) Time (1µs/div) DAC Transient Response in PWM Mode DAC Transient Response in LL Mode (VIN = 3.6V; RL = 10Ω; COUT = 4.7µF; L = 2.2µH) (VIN = 3.6V; RL = 10Ω; COUT = 4.7µF; L = 2.2µH) VOUT 1V/div 3.3V VOUT 1V/div 3.3V 0.6V 0.6V 0 0 1.2V 1.2V VDAC 0.5V/div VDAC 0.5V/div 0.2V 0 0.2V 0 Time (25µs/div) Time (25µs/div) Bypass Transient Response Bypass Transient Response (PWM Mode; VIN = 3.6V; RL = 10Ω; COUT = 4.7µF; L = 2.2µH) (LL Mode; VIN = 3.6V; RL = 10Ω; COUT = 4.7µF; L = 2.2µH) 3.5V VOUT 1V/div 3.5V VOUT 1V/div 0.6V 0.6V 0 0 VBYP 1V/div VBYP 1V/div 0 0 Time (25µs/div) Time (25µs/div) Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 201999B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • March 20, 2013 9 DATA SHEET AAT1171 600mA Voltage-Scaling Step-Down Converter for RF Power Amplifiers with Bypass Switch Typical Characteristics DAC to Bypass Transient Response Enable Soft Start (LL Mode; VIN = 4.2V; RL = 10Ω; COUT = 4.7µF; L = 2.2µH) (VIN = 3.6V; VOUT = 1.8V; RL = 3.9Ω; COUT = 4.7µF; L = 2.2µH) 4.2V VOUT 1V/div 1.8V 0V VOUT 1V/div Enable 2V/div 0.6V 0 1.3V VDAC 0.5V/div IIN 200mA/div 0.2V 0 0V 0A Time (20µs/div) Time (25µs/div) Load Transient Response Load Transient Response (VIN = 4.2V; VOUT = 3.3V; COUT = 4.7µF; L = 2.2µH) (VIN = 3.6V; VOUT = 1.8V; COUT = 4.7µF; L = 2.2µH) VOUT (AC coupled) 20mV/div VOUT (AC coupled) 20mV/div 3.51V 1.914V 3.26V 1.798V 500mA 525mA IOUT 200mA/div IOUT 100mA/div 250mA Time (20µs/div) 200mA Time (20µs/div) Line Transient Response (VOUT = 1.5V; RL = 10Ω Ω; COUT = 4.7µF; L = 2.2µH) VIN 0.5V/div 3.6V 3.0V 1.56V VOUT (AC coupled) 50mV/div 1.44V Time (50µs/div) 10 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 201999B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • March 20, 2013 DATA SHEET AAT1171 600mA Voltage-Scaling Step-Down Converter for RF Power Amplifiers with Bypass Switch Functional Block Diagram VOUT VCC VIN Comp DH Error Amp DAC Logic LX EN DL BYPASS MODE/SYNC MODE/SYNC Interface AGND Functional Description The AAT1171 is a 600mA 2MHz peak current mode synchronous step-down (buck) converter designed to operate from a single-cell lithium-ion battery with a 2.7V to 4.2V input range. The output voltage is dynamically programmed by the DAC input voltage. To maximize converter efficiency over all load conditions, the converter automatically transitions to a variable frequency light load (LL) mode when the load is less than 100mA. When combined with the very low quiescent current, the LL mode maintains a high efficiency over the complete load range. For noise sensitive applications, the converter can be forced into a fixed frequency PWM mode. Provisions are also made for synchronization of the converter to an external system clock. The synchronous buck converter power output devices are sized at 230mΩ for a 600mA full load output current. PGND In addition to the converter output, an additional low resistance bypass MOSFET (85mΩ) can be connected between the battery input and the converter output (VIN to VOUT), bypassing the converter and output inductor to improve headroom and extend the WCDMA PA full power range. This reduces the battery voltage necessary for a WCDMA RF power amplifier to meet linearity requirements, thus extending operating time. In dual mode systems, the bypass mode may also be used when the WCDMA RF power amplifier is in GSM mode. Bypass mode is activated by setting the bypass input high or by forcing the baseband DAC output voltage to 1.3V. The AAT1171 requires only three external components for operation (CIN, COUT, LX). The high 2MHz switching frequency reduces the inductor size required to 2.2μH for the AAT1171-1/AAT1171-4 and 4.7μH for the AAT1171-5. This reduces the DC resistance and improves the converter efficiency while minimizing the inductor Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 201999B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • March 20, 2013 11 DATA SHEET AAT1171 600mA Voltage-Scaling Step-Down Converter for RF Power Amplifiers with Bypass Switch footprint and height. The output voltage of the converter is regulated to within 0.5% and will settle in less than 30μs (according to WCDMA specifications) in response to any step change in the DAC input. Under-voltage lockout, internal compensation, soft-start, over-current, and over-temperature protection are also included. DAC Output Voltage Control The output voltage is programmed by way of the DAC input voltage. The DAC to output gain for the AAT1171 is 3. VOUT = 3 · VDAC The DAC input voltage range is 0.2V to 1.2V, which corresponds to an output voltage range of 0.6V to 3.6V (see Figure 1). For a 1.3V DAC level, the bypass switch is activated and the output voltage level is equivalent to the input voltage minus the bypass MOSFET (RDS(ON)(bp)) drop. Bypass Mode In bypass mode, the AAT1171 bypasses the output inductor, connecting the input directly to the output through a low RDS(ON) 85mΩ MOSFET. Bypass mode is initiated by applying 1.3V to the DAC input or by applying a logic high to the bypass input. When not activated, a logic level low must be applied to the bypass input pin. The bypass MOSFET current is limited to 600mA. LL/PWM Control Two control modes are available with the AAT1171: LL mode and PWM mode. PWM mode maintains a fixed switching frequency regardless of load. The fixed switching frequency gives the advantage of lower output ripple and simplified output and input noise filtering. PWM mode also provides a faster output voltage response to changes in the DAC voltage. In LL mode, the converter transitions to a variable switching frequency as the load decreases below 100mA. Above 100mA, where switching losses no longer dominate, the switching frequency is fixed. The LL mode’s effect on the DAC to output voltage response time is most notable when transitioning from a high output voltage to a low voltage. When the converter is in PWM mode, the inductor current can be reversed and the output voltage actively discharged by the synchronous MOSFET. While in LL mode, the output voltage is discharged by the load only, resulting in a slower response to a DAC transition from a high to a low voltage. For PWM mode, apply a logic level high to the MODE/ SYNC pin; for LL mode, apply a logic level low to the MODE/SYNC pin. Soft Start/Enable The AAT1171 soft-start control prevents output voltage overshoot and limits inrush current when either the input power or the enable input is applied. When pulled low, the enable input forces the converter into a low-power, non-switching state with less than 1μA bias current. V IN 4V 3V BYPASS MODE Output to PA 3.6V 2V 1V 0.6V 0.2V 1V 1.2V 1.3V DAC Output Figure 1: VOUT vs. VDAC. 12 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 201999B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • March 20, 2013 DATA SHEET AAT1171 600mA Voltage-Scaling Step-Down Converter for RF Power Amplifiers with Bypass Switch Low Dropout Operation For conditions where the input voltage drops to the output voltage level, the converter duty cycle increases to 100%. As 100% duty cycle is approached, the minimum off-time initially forces the high-side on-time to exceed the 2MHz clock period, reducing the converter switching frequency. Once the input drops to the level where the output can no longer be regulated, the high-side P-channel MOSFET is enabled continuously for 100% duty cycle. The output voltage then tracks the input voltage minus the IR drop of the high side P-channel MOSFET RDS(ON). UVLO Shutdown Under-voltage lockout (UVLO) circuitry monitors the input voltage and disables the converter when the input voltage drops to 2.4V, guaranteeing sufficient operating input voltage to maintain output voltage regulation and control. For a rising input voltage, the UVLO circuitry enables the converter 200mV above the shutdown level at 2.6V. Current Limit and Short-Circuit Protection The high-side P-channel MOSFET current limit comparator limits the peak inductor current to 1.6A. In PWM mode, the synchronous MOSFET current limit comparator limits the peak negative inductor current, and output capacitor discharge current is limited to 1A. In bypass mode, the bypass MOSFET current is limited to 600mA. In the event of an overload or short-circuit condition, the current limit protects the load and the AAT1171 power devices. Upon removal of the short-circuit or fault condition, the AAT1171 output automatically recovers to the regulated level. Thermal Overload Protection The maximum junction temperature is limited by the AAT1171 over-temperature shutdown protection circuitry. Both the step-down converter and the bypass MOSFET are disabled when the junction temperature reaches 140°C. Normal operation resumes once the junction temperature drops to 125°C. External Synchronization The AAT1171 switching frequency can be synchronized to an external square wave clock via the MODE/SYNC input. The external clock frequency range and logic levels for which the AAT1171 will remain synchronized are listed in the Electrical Characteristics table of this datasheet. Applications Information Inductor Selection The step-down converter uses peak current mode control with slope compensation to maintain stability for duty cycles greater than 50%. Because the required slope compensation varies with output voltage, the AAT1171 varies the slope compensation to match the output voltage. This allows the use of a single inductor value for all output voltage levels. The inductor value is 2.2μH for the AAT1171-1/AAT1171-4 and 4.7μH for the AAT1171-5. Manufacturer’s specifications list both the inductor DC current rating, which is a thermal limitation, and the peak current rating, which is determined by the saturation characteristics. The inductor should not show any appreciable saturation under normal load conditions. The inductor ripple current varies with both the input voltage and the output voltage and peaks at the maximum input voltage with the output at one half of the input voltage. For the typical AAT1171, this corresponds to a 4.2V input voltage and a 2.1V output voltage. With the suggested 2.2μH inductor, this corresponds to 239mA peak-to-peak ripple current. For a 600mA DC load current, the peak inductor current would be 718mA. In order to prevent saturation under normal load conditions, the peak inductor current should be less than the inductor saturation current. IPK(MAX) = IO + VIN(MAX) 8 ∙ L ∙ FS = 0.6A + 4.2V 8 ∙ 2.2μH ∙ 2MHz = 0.6A + 0.12A = 0.72A Some inductors may meet peak and average current requirements yet result in excessive losses due to a high DCR. Always consider the losses associated with the DCR and its effect on the total converter efficiency when selecting an inductor. The inductor losses can be estimated by using the full load output current. The output inductor losses can then be calculated to estimate their effect on overall device efficiency. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 201999B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • March 20, 2013 13 DATA SHEET AAT1171 600mA Voltage-Scaling Step-Down Converter for RF Power Amplifiers with Bypass Switch PL = IO2 ⋅ DCR = 0.6A2 ⋅ 0.14Ω = 50mW PO 3.4 ⋅ 0.6A η= = = 97% PO + PL 3.4V ⋅ 0.6A + 50mW The 2.2μH inductor selected for the AAT1171 evaluation board has a 140mΩ DCR and a 0.91A DC current rating. At 600mA load current, the inductor loss is 50mW which gives 2.4% loss in efficiency for a 600mA 3.4V output voltage with an inductor that measures 3.2x3.2x1.2mm. Output Capacitor Selection Input Capacitor Selection A 10V X5R or X7R ceramic capacitor is suggested for the input capacitor with typical values ranging from 4.7μF to 10μF. To estimate the required input capacitance size, determine the acceptable input ripple level (VPP) and solve for C, as shown below. The calculated value varies with input voltage and is a maximum when VIN is double the output voltage. Always examine the ceramic capacitor DC voltage coefficient characteristics when selecting the proper value. For example, due to the voltage coefficient of a 10μF 6.3V X5R ceramic capacitor, with an applied voltage of 5V DC the capacitance decreases to 6μF. The AAT1171-1/AAT1171-4 are designed for use with 4.7μF 10V X5R ceramic output capacitors, while the AAT1171-5 is designed for use with 10μF 10V X5R ceramic output capacitors. Although a larger output capacitor provides improved response to large load transients, it also limits the output voltage rise and fall time in response to the DAC input. For stable operation, with sufficient phase and gain margin, the internal voltage loop compensation limits the minimum output capacitor value to 4.7μF. Increased output capacitance will reduce the crossover frequency with greater phase margin. The output voltage droop due to load transients is dominated by the output capacitor. During a step increase in load current, the output capacitor supplies the load current while the control loop responds. Within two or three switching cycles, the inductor current increases to match the load current demand. The relationship of the output voltage droop during the three switching cycles to the output capacitance can be estimated by: COUT = 3 · ∆ILOAD VDROOP · FS Once the average inductor current increases to the DC load level, the output voltage recovers. The above equation establishes a limit on the minimum output capacitor value necessary to meet a given output voltage droop requirement (VDROOP) for a given load transient. CIN = 1 2· 3 · VOUT · (VIN(MAX) - VOUT) L · FS · VIN(MAX) Dissipation due to the RMS current in the ceramic output capacitor ESR is typically minimal, resulting in less than a few degrees rise in hot-spot temperature. 14 ⎛ VPP ⎞ - ESR · FS ⎝ IO ⎠ VO ⎛ V ⎞ 1 · 1- O = VIN ⎝ VIN ⎠ 4 CIN(MIN) = 1 ⎛ VPP ⎞ - ESR · 4 · FS ⎝ IO ⎠ The maximum input capacitor RMS current is: IRMS = IO · VO ⎛ V ⎞ · 1- O VIN ⎝ VIN ⎠ The input capacitor RMS ripple current varies with the input and output voltage and will always be less than or equal to half of the total DC load current. VO ⎛ V ⎞ · 1- O = VIN ⎝ VIN ⎠ D · (1 - D) = 0.52 = 1 2 for VIN = 2 · VO IRMS(MAX) = The maximum output capacitor RMS ripple current is: IRMS(MAX) = V ⎞ VO ⎛ · 1- O VIN ⎝ VIN ⎠ VO IO 2 ⎛ V ⎞ · 1- O The term VIN ⎝ VIN ⎠ appears in both the input voltage ripple and input capacitor RMS current equations and is a maximum when VIN is twice Vo; therefore, the input voltage ripple and the input capacitor RMS current ripple are a maximum at 50% duty cycle. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 201999B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • March 20, 2013 DATA SHEET AAT1171 600mA Voltage-Scaling Step-Down Converter for RF Power Amplifiers with Bypass Switch The input capacitor provides a low impedance loop for the edges of pulsed current drawn by the AAT1171. Low ESR/ESL X7R and X5R ceramic capacitors are ideal for this function. To minimize stray inductance, the capacitor should be placed as closely as possible to the IC. This keeps the high frequency content of the input current localized, minimizing EMI and input voltage ripple. The proper placement of the input capacitor (C1) can be seen in the evaluation board layout in Figure 4. A laboratory test set-up typically consists of two long wires running from the bench power supply to the evaluation board input voltage pins. The inductance of these wires, along with the low-ESR ceramic input capacitor, can create a high Q network that may affect converter performance. This problem often becomes apparent in the form of excessive ringing in the output voltage during load transients with errors in loop phase and gain measurements. Since the inductance of a short PCB trace feeding the input voltage is significantly lower than the power leads from the bench power supply, most applications do not exhibit this problem. In applications where the input power source lead inductance cannot be reduced to a level that does not affect the converter performance, a high ESR tantalum or aluminum electrolytic capacitor (C3 of Figure 5) should be placed in parallel with the low ESR, ESL bypass ceramic capacitor. This dampens the high Q network and stabilizes the system. DAC Programming Gain The output voltage is dynamically controlled by the DAC input voltage. The DAC to output gain is fixed at 3. The typical response time for a 0.2V to 1.2V pulsed signal on the DAC input is less than 30μs. The DAC gain can be reduced by an external resistive divider at the DAC input, as shown in the evaluation board schematic in Figures 2 and 3. For a DAC to output gain of 2 and R2 at 10kΩ, R1 is 4.99kΩ. R1 = Thermal Calculations There are three types of losses associated with the AAT1171 step-down converter: switching losses, conduction losses, and quiescent current losses. Conduction losses are associated with the RDS(ON) characteristics of the power MOSFET devices. Switching losses are dominated by the gate charge of the power MOSFET devices. The AAT1171 main and synchronous power MOSFETs are sized to have similar RDS(ON) values that track with the input voltage. At full load, assuming continuous conduction mode (CCM), a simplified form of the step-down converter losses is given by: PTOTAL = IO2 · RDS(ON) + (tSW · FS · IO + IQ) · VIN IQ is the step-down converter quiescent current. The term tsw is used to estimate the full load switching losses, which are dominated by the gate charge losses. For the condition where the buck converter is at 100% duty cycle dropout, the total device dissipation reduces to: PTOTAL = IO2 · RDS(ON) + IQ · VIN In bypass mode, the bypass MOSFET RDS(ON)(bp) is used to determine the losses. The power MOSFET RDS(ON) increases with decreasing input voltage and the associated losses are a maximum at the minimum input voltage (2.7V). PTOTAL = IO2 · RDS(ON)(bp) + IQ · VIN Since the RDS(ON), quiescent current, and switching losses all vary with input voltage, the total losses should be investigated over the complete input voltage range. After calculating the total losses, the maximum junction temperature can be derived from the θJA for the TDFN3312 package which is typically 50°C/W. TJ(MAX) = PTOTAL · ΘJA + TAMB (3- GDAC)R2 (3 - 2)10kΩ = = 4.99kΩ GDAC 2 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 201999B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • March 20, 2013 15 DATA SHEET AAT1171 600mA Voltage-Scaling Step-Down Converter for RF Power Amplifiers with Bypass Switch U1 AAT1171-1/AAT1171-4 1 2 3 4 5 6 GND DAC R1 N/C LX PGND VOUT VIN MODE/SYNC AGND BYPASS DAC 12 VOUT 11 VOUT VCC L1 2.2μH EN C2 4.7μF 10 9 GND C1 4.7μF 8 7 VIN R2 1 2 3 ENABLE Off On 3 2 1 1 2 3 BYPASS SYNC On Off LL PWM Figure 2: AAT1171-1/AAT1171-4 Evaluation Board Schematic. U2 AAT1171-5 1 2 3 4 5 6 GND DAC R1 N/C L1 4.7μH LX PGND VOUT VIN AGND DAC VOUT 11 VOUT VCC 12 MODE/SYNC BYPASS EN C2 10μF 10 9 C1 4.7μF 8 7 GND VIN R2 1 2 3 ENABLE Off On 3 2 1 1 2 3 BYPASS SYNC On Off LL PWM Figure 3: AAT1171-5 Evaluation Board Schematic. 16 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 201999B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • March 20, 2013 DATA SHEET AAT1171 600mA Voltage-Scaling Step-Down Converter for RF Power Amplifiers with Bypass Switch WLCSP Package Light Sensitivity The electrical performance of the WLCSP package can be adversely affected by exposing the device to certain light sources such as direct sunlight or a halogen lamp whose wavelengths are red and infra-reds. However, fluorescent lighting has very little effect on the electrical performance of the WLCSP package. 3. 4. Layout The suggested PCB layout for the AAT1171 is shown in Figures 4 and 5. The following guidelines should be used to ensure a proper layout. 1. 2. The input capacitor (C1) should connect as closely as possible to VIN (Pin 10) and PGND (Pin 11). C2 and L1 should be connected as closely as possible. The connection of L1 to the LX pin should be as short as possible. Figure 4: AAT1171 Evaluation Board Top Side Layout. 5. The PCB trace connected to VOUT (Pins 2 and 3) is tied to the bypass path, as well as the feedback path for the control loop. In bypass mode, the full load current is delivered directly from the battery input; therefore, this trace should be sufficient to handle current up to the bypass current limit level. The resistance of the trace from the load return to PGND (Pin 11) should be kept to a minimum. This minimizes any error in DC regulation due to differences in the potential of the internal signal ground and the power ground. For good thermal coupling, PCB vias are required from the pad for the TDFN exposed paddle to the ground plane. The via diameter should be 0.3mm to 0.33mm and positioned on a 1.2mm grid. Figure 5: AAT1171 Evaluation Board Bottom Side Layout. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 201999B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • March 20, 2013 17 DATA SHEET AAT1171 600mA Voltage-Scaling Step-Down Converter for RF Power Amplifiers with Bypass Switch PA Step-Down Converter Design Example Specifications VO(BUCK) VIN FS TAMB 0.6V to 3.4V with RL =10Ω 2.7V to 4.2V (3.6V nominal) 2.0MHz 85°C Output Inductor L1 = 2.2μH For Copper Electronics SD3112, 2.2μH, DCR = 140mΩ. ΔIL1(MAX) = ⎛ VO ⎛ V ⎞ 2.1V 2.1V⎞ ⋅ 1- O = ⋅ 1= 239mA L ⋅ FS ⎝ VIN ⎠ 2.2µH ⋅ 2.0MHz ⎝ 4.2V⎠ The maximum inductor ripple current occurs at 50% duty cycle at the maximum input voltage. IPKL1 = IO + ΔIL1(MAX) = 0.6A + 0.118A = 0.718A 2 PL1 = IO2 ⋅ DCR = 0.6A2 ⋅ 140mΩ = 50mW Output Capacitor Specify that VDROOP = 0.2V for a 600mA load pulse. COUT = IRMS = 3 · ΔILOAD 3 · 0.6A = = 4.5µF VDROOP · FS 0.2V · 2.0MHz 1 2· 3 · (VO) · (VIN(MAX) - VO) 1 3.4V · (4.2V - 3.4V) · = 69mArms = L1 · FS · VIN(MAX) 2 · 3 4.7µH · 2.0MHz · 4.2V PESR = ESR · IRMS2 = 5mΩ · (69mA)2 = 24µW Input Capacitor Specify a maximum input voltage ripple of VPP = 25mV. CIN(MIN) = IRMS = 1 1 = = 3.4µF ⎛ VPP ⎞ ⎛ 25mV ⎞ - 5mΩ · 4 · 2.0MHz - ESR · 4 · FS ⎝ IO ⎠ ⎝ 0.6A ⎠ IO = 0.3Arms 2 P = ESR · IRMS2 = 5mΩ · (0.3A)2 = 0.45mW 18 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 201999B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • March 20, 2013 DATA SHEET AAT1171 600mA Voltage-Scaling Step-Down Converter for RF Power Amplifiers with Bypass Switch AAT1171 Losses PTOTAL = IO2 · RDS(ON) + (tsw · FS · IO + IQ) · VIN = 0.62 · 0.29Ω + (5ns · 2.0MHz · 0.6A + 60µA) · 4.2V = 104mW TJ(MAX) = PTOTAL · ΘJA + TAMB = 104mW · 50°C/W = 5.2°C + 70°C = 75.2°C AAT1171 Dropout Losses PTOTAL = IO2 · RDS(ON)(HS) + IQ · VIN = 0.62 · 310mΩ + 100µA · 3.5V = 112mW TJ(MAX) = PTOTAL · ΘJA + TAMB = 112mW · 50°C/W = 5.6°C + 70°C = 75.6°C Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 201999B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • March 20, 2013 19 DATA SHEET AAT1171 600mA Voltage-Scaling Step-Down Converter for RF Power Amplifiers with Bypass Switch Manufacturer Value AVX www.avxcorp.com 10μF Murata www.murata.com 4.7μF TDK www.tdk.com 4.7μF 10μF 10μF Device Voltage Case Size Part Number Output Capacitor 10V 0805 0805ZD106KAT Output or Input Capacitor Input Capacitor Output Capacitor Output or Input Capacitor Input Capacitor Output Capacitor Output or Input Capacitor Input Capacitor 10V 6.3V 10V 10V 6.3V 10V 10V 6.3V 0805 0603 0805 0805 0603 0805 0805 0603 GRM21BR61A475KA73L GRM188R60J475KE19D GRM21BR61A106K C2012X5R1A475K C1608X5ROJ475K C2012X5R1A106K LMK212BJ475MG JMK107BJ475MA Taiyo Yuden www.t-yuden.com 4.7μF Manufacturer Value ISAT IRMS DCR Case Size (mm) Part Number Cooper Electronics www.cooperet.com 2.2μH 4.7μH 2.2μH 4.7μH 2.2μH 2.2μH 1.12A 0.8A 1.1A 0.75A 0.91A 0.74A 1.3A 0.85A 0.52A 0.55A 140mΩ 246mΩ 96mΩ 238mΩ 200mΩ 110mΩ 3.1x3.1x1.2 3.1x3.1x1.2 3.2x3.2x1.2 3.2x3.2x1.2 2.0x2.0x1.0 2.0x2.0x1.4 SD3118-2R2 SD3112-4R7-R CDRH2D11/HP CDRH2D11/HP LPF2010-2R2M LPF2010-2R2M Sumida www.sumida.com ABCO Electronics www.abco.co.kr Table 1: Suggested Component Selection. 20 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 201999B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • March 20, 2013 DATA SHEET AAT1171 600mA Voltage-Scaling Step-Down Converter for RF Power Amplifiers with Bypass Switch Ordering Information Package Marking1 Part Number (Tape and Reel)2 TDFN33-12 RXXYY AAT1171IWP-1-T1 TDFN33-12 XCXYY AAT1171IWP-4-T1 TDFN33-12 WLCSP-12 XDXYY UGYW3 AAT1171IWP-5-T1 AAT1171IUP-1-T1 Skyworks Green™ products are compliant with all applicable legislation and are halogen-free. For additional information, refer to Skyworks Definition of Green™, document number SQ04-0074. Package Information4 TDFN33-12 Index Area 0.43 ± 0.05 0.1 REF C0.3 0.45 ± 0.05 2.40 ± 0.05 3.00 ± 0.05 Detail "A" 3.00 ± 0.05 1.70 ± 0.05 Top View Bottom View 0.23 ± 0.05 Pin 1 Indicator (optional) 0.05 ± 0.05 0.23 ± 0.05 0.75 ± 0.05 Detail "A" Side View All dimensions in millimeters. 1. 2. 3. 4. XYY = assembly and date code. Sample stock is generally held on part numbers listed in BOLD. YW = data code (year, week) for WLCSP-12 package. The leadless package family, which includes QFN, TQFN, DFN, TDFN and STDFN, has exposed copper (unplated) at the end of the lead terminals due to the manufacturing process. A solder fillet at the exposed copper edge cannot be guaranteed and is not required to ensure a proper bottom solder connection. WLCSP-12 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 201999B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • March 20, 2013 21 DATA SHEET AAT1171 600mA Voltage-Scaling Step-Down Converter for RF Power Amplifiers with Bypass Switch 1.535 ± 0.035 0.300 0.200 Line 1: Part Code Line 2: Year Code and Bi-Week Code (laser marking) 0.100 1.500 0.250 0.300 0.500 BSC ø 0.2 (Ref.) Pin 1 indication 1.000 Bottom View Top View 0.645 ± 0.085 0.310 ± 0.025 0.245 ± 0.025 0.330 ± 0.025 0.070 ± 0.035 2.235 ± 0.035 End View Side View All dimensions in millimeters. Copyright © 2012, 2013 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Information in this document is provided in connection with Skyworks Solutions, Inc. (“Skyworks”) products or services. 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Additional information, including relevant terms and conditions, posted at www.skyworksinc.com, are incorporated by reference. 22 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 201999B • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • March 20, 2013