ATH30T05 Series —5-V Input 30-A, 5-V Input Non-Isolated Wide-Output Adjust Power Modules REVISION 00 (30APR2004) Features NOMINAL SIZE = • Up to 30 A Output Current • 5-V Input Voltage • Wide-Output Voltage Adjust (0.8 V to 3.6 V) • 180 W/in³ Power Density • On/Off Inhibit • Efficiencies up to 94 % • Pre-Bias Startup • Margin Up/Down Controls • Under-Voltage Lockout 1.37 in x 1.12 in (34,8 mm x 28,5 mm) • Auto-Track™ Sequencing • Output Over-Current Protection (Non-Latching, Auto-Reset) • Over-Temperature Protection • Operating Temp: –40 to +85 °C • Safety Agency Approvals: UL 1950, CSA 22.2 950, EN60950 VDE (Pending) • Point-of-Load Alliance (POLA) Compatible Description Pin Configuration to any value over the range 0.8 V to 3.6 V, using a single resistor. This series includes Auto-Track™. Auto-Track simplifies power-up and power-down supply voltage sequencing in a system by enabling modules to track each other, or any other external voltage. Each model also includes an on/off inhibit, output voltage adjust (trim), and margin up/down controls. An output voltage sense ensures tight load regulation, and an output over-current and thermal shutdown feature provide for protection against external load faults. Package options inlude both throughhole and surface mount configurations. The ATH30T05 is a series of highcurrent non-isolated power modules. This product is characterized by high efficiencies, and up to 30 A of output current, while occupying a mere 1.64 in² of PCB area. In terms of cost, size, and performance, the series provides OEM’s with a flexible module that meets the requirements of the most complex and demanding mixed-signal applications. These include the most densly populated, multi-processor systems that incorporate high-speed DSP’s, microprocessors, and ASICs. The series uses double-sided surface mount construction and provides highperformance step-down power conversion from a 5-V input bus voltage. The output voltage of the ATH30T05 can be set Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Function GND Vin GND Inhibit * Vo Adjust Vo Sense GND Vout Vout GND Track Margin Down * Margin Up * * Denotes negative logic: Open = Normal operation Ground = Function active ack™ r T o t Au ncing e u q e S Standard Application Track Rset = Required to set the output voltage to a value higher than 0.8 V. (see spec. table for values). Cin = Required 1,500 µF capacitor. Cout = Optional 330 µF capacitor. Margin Down Margin Up 13 12 11 1 VIN 2 10 9 PTH05030W ATH30T05-9S (Top View) VOUT 8 3 7 4 5 6 Inhibit Vo Sense + RSET 0.5 %, 0.1 W (Required) COUT 330 µF (Optional) GND North America (USA): 1-888-41-ASTEC L O A D + CIN 1,500 µF (Required) GND Europe (UK): 44(1384)842-211 Asia (HK): 852-2437-9662 ATH30T05 Series —5-V Input 30-A, 5-V Input Non-Isolated Wide-Output Adjust Power Modules REVISION 00 (30APR2004) Ordering Information Input Voltage Output Voltage 4.5V to 5.5V 0.8V1 to 3.6V Options: “-J” “-SJ” - Output Current Model Number 30A ATH30T05-9(S)(J) Through-hole Termination, Tray Packaging SMT Termination, Tray Packaging Notes: 1 Preset output voltage is 0.8V; externally adjustable to 3.6V through the Vo,Adjust pin Pin Descriptions Vin: The positive input voltage power node to the module, which is referenced to common GND. Vout: The regulated positive power output with respect to the GND node. GND: This is the common ground connection for the Vin and Vout power connections. It is also the 0 VDC reference for the control inputs. Inhibit: The Inhibit pin is an open-collector/drain negative logic input that is referenced to GND. Applying a lowlevel ground signal to this input disables the module’s output and turns off the output voltage. When the Inhibit control is active, the input current drawn by the regulator is significantly reduced. If the Inhibit pin is left open-circuit, the module will produce an output whenever a valid input source is applied. Vo Adjust: A 0.1 W 1 % resistor must be directly connected between this pin and pin 7 (GND) to set the output voltage to a value higher than 0.8 V. The temperature stability of the resistor should be 100 ppm/°C (or better). The set point range for the output voltage is from 0.8 V to 3.6 V. The resistor value required for a given output voltage may be calculated from the following formula. If left open circuit, the output voltage will default to its lowest value. For further information on output voltage adjustment consult the related application note. Rset = 10 k · 0.8 V Vout – 0.8 V – 2.49 k The specification table gives the preferred resistor values for a number of standard output voltages. North America (USA): 1-888-41-ASTEC Vo Sense: The sense input allows the regulation circuit to compensate for voltage drop between the module and the load. For optimal voltage accuracy Vo Sense should be connected to Vout. It can also be left disconnected. Track: This is an analog control input that enables the output voltage to follow an external voltage. This pin becomes active typically 20 ms after the input voltage has been applied, and allows direct control of the output voltage from 0 V up to the nominal set-point voltage. Within this range the output will follow the voltage at the Track pin on a volt-for-volt basis. When the control voltage is raised above this range, the module regulates at its set-point voltage. The feature allows the output voltage to rise simultaneously with other modules powered from the same input bus. If unused, this input should be connected to Vin. Note: Due to the under-voltage lockout feature, the output of the module cannot follow its own input voltage during power up. For more information, consult the related application note. Margin Down: When this input is asserted to GND, the output voltage is decreased by 5% from the nominal. The input requires an open-collector (open-drain) interface. It is not TTL compatible. A lower percent change can be accomodated with a series resistor. For further information, consult the related application note. Margin Up: When this input is asserted to GND, the output voltage is increased by 5%. The input requires an open-collector (open-drain) interface. It is not TTL compatible. The percent change can be reduced with a series resistor. For further information, consult the related application note. Europe (UK): 44(1384)842-211 Asia (HK): 852-2437-9662 ATH30T05 Series —5-V Input 30-A, 5-V Input Non-Isolated Wide-Output Adjust Power Modules REVISION 00 (30APR2004) Environmental & Absolute Maximum Ratings Characteristics Symbols Track Input Voltage Operating Temperature Range Solder Reflow Temperature Storage Temperature Mechanical Shock Vtrack Ta Treflow Ts Mechanical Vibration Weight Flammability — — (Voltages are with respect to GND) Conditions Over Vin Range Surface temperature of module body or pins — Per Mil-STD-883D, Method 2002.3 1 msec, ½ Sine, mounted Mil-STD-883D, Method 2007.2 Suffix S 20-2000 Hz Suffix H Min Typ –0.3 –40 — — Max Units Vin + 0.3 85 235 (i) 125 V °C °C °C –40 — — 500 — G’s — — — 10 20 10 — — — grams G’s Meets UL 94V-O Notes: (i) During reflow of SMD package version do not elevate peak temperature of the module, pins or internal components above the stated maximum. Specifications (Unless otherwise stated, Ta =25 °C, V in =5 V, Vout =3.3 V, Cin =1,500 µF, C out =0 µF, and Io =Iomax) ATH30T05 Typ Characteristics Symbols Conditions Min Output Current Io Input Voltage Range Set-Point Voltage Tolerance Temperature Variation Line Regulation Load Regulation Total Output Variation Vin Vo tol ∆Regtemp ∆Regline ∆Regload ∆Regtot 60 °C, 200 LFM airflow 25 °C, natural convection Over Io range 0 0 4.5 — — — — — — — — ±0.5 ±10 ±12 30 30 5.5 ±2 — — — — — ±3 Efficiency η — — — — — — — — 94 93 90 89 87 86 40 47 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 3.4 70 100 ±5 – 8 (3) — — 4.3 3.7 — — — — –130 1 4.45 — Vin –0.5 –0.2 — — 275 1,500 (5) 0 0 (8) 4 — — –130 10 300 — 330 (6) — — Open 0.8 — — 235 — 16,500 300 — 2.8 — Vo Ripple (pk-pk) Over-Current Threshold Transient Response Vr Io trip Margin Up/Down Adjust Margin Input Current (pins 12 /13) Track Input Current (pin 11) Track Slew Rate Capability Under-Voltage Lockout ttr ∆Vtr Vo adj IIL margin IIL track dVtrack/dt UVLO Inhibit Control (pin4) Input High Voltage Input Low Voltage Input Low Current VIH VIL IIL inhibit Input Standby Current Switching Frequency External Input Capacitance External Output Capacitance Iin inh ƒs Cin Cout Reliability MTBF –40 °C <Ta < +85 °C Over Vin range Over Io range Includes set-point, line, load, –40 °C ≤ T a ≤ +85 °C RSET = 698 Ω Vo = 3.3 V Io =20 A RSET = 2.21 kΩ Vo = 2.5 V RSET = 5.49 kΩ Vo = 1.8 V RSET = 8.87 kΩ Vo = 1.5 V RSET = 17.4 kΩ Vo = 1.2 V RSET = 36.5 kΩ Vo = 1.0 V 20 MHz bandwidth Reset, followed by auto-recovery 1 A/µs load step, 50 to 100 % Iomax, Cout =330 µF Recovery Time Vo over/undershoot Pin to GND Pin to GND Cout ≤ Cout(max) Vin increasing Vin decreasing Referenced to GND Pin to GND Inhibit (pin 4) to GND, Track (pin 11) open Over Vin and Io ranges Capacitance value non-ceramic ceramic Equiv. series resistance (non-ceramic) Per Bellcore TR-332 50 % stress, Ta =40 °C, ground benign Max — Units (1) (1) (2) A V %Vo %Vo mV mV %Vo % mVpp A (4) µSec mV % µA µA V/ms V (4) (7) V µA mA kHz µF µF mΩ 106 Hrs Notes: (1) See SOA curves or consult factory for appropriate derating. (2) The set-point voltage tolerlance is affected by the tolerance and stability of R SET . The stated limit is unconditionally met if RSET has a tolerance of 1 % with 100 ppm/°C or better temperature stability. (3) A small low-leakage (<100 nA) MOSFET is recommended to control this pin. The open-circuit voltage is less than 1 Vdc. (4) This control pin has an internal pull-up to the input voltage Vin. If it is left open-circuit the module will operate when input power is applied. A small low-leakage (<100 nA) MOSFET is recommended for control. For further information, consult the related application note. (5) A 1,500 µF electrolytic input capacitor is required for proper operation. The capacitor must be rated for a minimum of 900 mA rms of ripple current. (6) An external output capacitor is not required for basic operation. Adding 330 µF of distributed capacitance at the load will improve the transient response. (7) This is the calculated maximum. The minimum ESR limitation will often result in a lower value. Consult the application notes for further guidance. (8) This is the typical ESR for all the electrolytic (non-ceramic) output capacitance. Use 7 mΩ as the minimum when using max-ESR values to calculate. North America (USA): 1-888-41-ASTEC Europe (UK): 44(1384)842-211 Asia (HK): 852-2437-9662 ATH30T05 Series —5-V Input Typical Characteristics 30-A, 5-V Input Non-Isolated Wide-Output Adjust Power Modules Characteristic Data; Vin =5 V REVISION 00 (30APR2004) Safe Operating Area; Vin =5 V (See Note A) Efficiency vs Load Current (See Note B) All Output Voltages 100 90 Efficiency - % VOUT 3.3 80 2.5 1.8 1.2 70 0.8 60 Ambient Temperature (°C) 80 90 Airflow 70 400LFM 60 200LFM 100LFM 50 Nat Conv 40 30 50 20 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 Iout - Amps 10 15 20 25 30 Iout (A) Output Ripple vs Load Current 100 Ripple - mV 80 VOUT 2.5 60 1.8 3.3 1.2 40 0.8 20 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Iout (A) Power Dissipation vs Load Current 10 Pd - Watts 8 6 4 2 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Iout - Amps Note A: Characteristic data has been developed from actual products tested at 25°C. This data is considered typical data for the Converter. Note B: SOA curves represent the conditions at which internal components are at or below the manufacturer’s maximum operating temperatures. Derating limits apply to modules soldered directly to a 4 in. × 4 in. double-sided PCB with 1 oz. copper. North America (USA): 1-888-41-ASTEC Europe (UK): 44(1384)842-211 Asia (HK): 852-2437-9662 Application Notes ATH30T033 & ATH30T05 Series Capacitor Recommendations for the ATH30T033 & ATH30T05 Series of Power Modules Input Capacitor The recommended input capacitor(s) is determined by the 1,500 µF (1) minimum capacitance and 900 mArms minimum ripple current rating. Ripple current and <100 mΩ equivalent series resistance (ESR) values are the major considerations, along with temperature, when designing with different types of capacitors. Unlike polymer tantalum, conventional tantalum capacitors have a recommended minimum voltage rating of 2 × (maximum DC voltage + AC ripple). This is standard practice to ensure reliability. For improved ripple reduction on the input bus, ceramic capacitors may be used to complement electrolytic types and achieve the minimum required capacitance. Output Capacitors (Optional) For applications with load transients (sudden changes in load current), regulator response will benefit from an external output capacitance. The recommended output capacitance of 330 µF will allow the module to meet its transient response specification (see product data sheet). For most applications, a high quality computer-grade aluminum electrolytic capacitor is most suitable. These capacitors provide adequate decoupling over the frequency range, 2 kHz to 150 kHz, and are suitable when ambient temperatures are above 0 °C. For operation below 0 °C, tantalum, ceramic or Os-Con type capacitors are recommended. When using one or more non-ceramic capacitors, the calculated equivalent ESR should be no lower than 4 mΩ (7 mΩ using the manufacturer’s maximum ESR for a single capacitor). A list of preferred low-ESR type capacitors are identified in Table 1-1. Ceramic Capacitors Above 150 kHz the performance of aluminum electrolytic capacitors becomes less effective. To further improve the reflected input ripple current or the output transient response, multilayer ceramic capacitors can also be added. Ceramic capacitors have very low ESR and their resonant frequency is higher than the bandwidth of the regulator. When used on the output their combined ESR is not critical as long as the total value of ceramic capacitance does not exceed 300 µF. Also, to prevent the formation of local resonances, do not place more than five identical ceramic capacitors in parallel with values of 10 µF or greater. Tantalum Capacitors Tantalum type capacitors can be used at both the input and output, and are recommended for applications where the ambient operating temperature can be less than 0 °C. The AVX TPS, Sprague 593D/594/595 and Kemet T495/ T510 capacitor series are suggested over many other tantalum types due to their higher rated surge, power North America (USA): 1-888-41-ASTEC dissipation, and ripple current capability. As a caution many general purpose tantalum capacitors have considerably higher ESR, reduced power dissipation and lower ripple current capability. These capacitors are also less reliable when determining their power dissipation and surge current capability. Tantalum capacitors that do not have a stated ESR or surge current rating are not recommended for power applications. When specifying Os-Con and polymer tantalum capacitors for the output, the minimum ESR limit will be encountered well before the maximum capacitance value is reached. Capacitor Table Table 1-1 identifies the characteristics of capacitors from a number of vendors with acceptable ESR and ripple current (rms) ratings. The recommended number of capacitors required at both the input and output buses is identified for each capacitor type. This is not an extensive capacitor list. Capacitors from other vendors are available with comparable specifications. Those listed are for guidance. The RMS ripple current rating and ESR (at 100kHz) are critical parameters necessary to insure both optimum regulator performance and long capacitor life. Designing for Very Fast Load Transients The transient response of the DC/DC converter has been characterized using a load transient with a di/dt of 1 A/µs. The typical voltage deviation for this load transient is given in the data sheet specification table using the optional value of output capacitance. As the di/dt of a transient is increased, the response of a converter’s regulation circuit ultimately depends on its output capacitor decoupling network. This is an inherent limitation with any DC/DC converter once the speed of the transient exceeds its bandwidth capability. If the target application specifies a higher di/dt or lower voltage deviation, the requirement can only be met with additional output capacitor decoupling. In these cases special attention must be paid to the type, value and ESR of the capacitors selected. If the transient performance requirements exceed that specified in the data sheet, or the total amount of load capacitance is above 3,000 µF, the selection of output capacitors becomes more important. For further guidance consult the separate application note, “Selecting Capacitors for PTH Products in High-Performance Applications.” Europe (UK): 44(1384)842-211 Asia (HK): 852-2437-9662 Application Notes continued ATH30T033 & ATH30T05 Series Table 1-1: Input/Output Capacitors Capacitor Vendor, Type: Series (Style) Capacitor Characteristics Quantity Working Voltage Value (µF) Max. ESR at 100 kHz Max. Ripple Current @85 °C (I rms) Physical Size (mm) Input Bus Output Bus 10 V 16 V 16 V 10 V 560 1500 1500 2200 0.090 Ω 0.043 Ω 0.060 Ω 0.060 Ω >900 mA 1690 mA 1100 mA 1100 mA 10×12.5 16×15 12.5×13.5 12.5×13.5 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6.3 V 6.3 V 10 V 10 V 1000 820 680 1000 0.013 Ω 0.010 Ω 0.090 Ω 0.068 Ω 4935 mA 5500 mA >900 mA 1050 mA 10×10.5 10×12.2 10×12.5 10×16 2 2 3 2 ≤2 ≤2 1 1 Nichicon, Aluminum: HD (Radial) PM (Radial) 6.3 V 10 V 1000 1500 0.053 Ω 0.050 Ω 1030 mA 1060 mA 10×12.5 16×15 2 1 1 1 Sanyo, Os-con: SP (Radial) SVP (SMD) 10 V 6.3 V 470 820 0.015 Ω 0.012 Ω >4500 mA >5440 mA 10×10.5 10×12.7 3 [1] 2 Panasonic, Poly-Aluminum: WA (SMD) S/SE (SMD) 6.3 V 6.3 V 560 180 0.020 Ω 0.005 Ω 5100 mA 4000 mA 10×10.2 7.3×4.3×4.2 10 V 10 V 470 470 0.045 Ω 0.060 Ω 1723 mA 1826 mA 7.3L ×5.7W×4.1H 6.3 V 10 V 6.3 V 470 330 470 0.018 Ω 0.015 Ω 0.012 Ω >1200 mA >3800 mA 4200 mA 10 V 16 V 470 2200 0.100 Ω 0.015 Ω 1440 mA 9740 mA Kemet, Ceramic X5R (SMD) 16 V 6.3 V 10 47 0.002 Ω 0.002 Ω Murata, Ceramic X5R (SMD) 6.3 V 6.3 V 16 V 16 V 100 47 22 10 TDK, Ceramic X5R (SMD) 6.3 V 6.3 V 16 V 16 V 100 47 22 10 Panasonic: FC (Radial) FK (SMD) United Chemi-con FX, Oscon (Radial) PXA, (Poly-Aluminum (SMD.) LXZ, Aluminum (Radial) AVX, Tantalum: TPS (SMD) Kemet (SMD): T520, Poly-Tant T530, Poly-Tant/Organic Vishay-Sprague 595D, Tantalum (SMD) 94SA, Os-con (Radial) Vendor Part Number EEUFC1A561 EEUFC1C152S EEVFK1C152Q EEVFK1A222Q 6FX1000M PXA6.3VC820MJ12TP LXZ10VB681M10X12LL LXZ10VB102M10X16LL UHD0J102MPR UPM1A152MHH6 ≤3 ≤2 10SP470M 6SVP820M ≤4 ≤1 EEFWA0J561P EEFSE0J181R 3 [ 1] 3 [ 1] ≤5 ≤5 TPSE477M010R0045 TPSV477M010R0060 4.3W ×7.3L ×4.0H 3 [ 1] 5 3 [ 1] ≤5 ≤3 ≤2 T520X477M006SE018 T530X337M010AS T530X477M006AS 7.2L×6W ×4.1H 16×25 3 [ 1] 1 ≤5 ≤3 595D477X0010R2T 94SA108X0016HBP — 1210 case 3225 mm 1 [ 2] 1 [ 2] ≤5 ≤5 C1210C106M4PAC C1210C476K9PAC 0.002 Ω — 1210 case 3225 mm 1 [ 2] 1 [ 2] 1 [ 2] ≤3 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 GRM32ER60J107M GRM32ER60J476M GRM32ER61C226K GRM32DR61C106K 0.002 Ω — 1210 case 3225 mm 1 [ 2] 1 [ 2] 1 [ 2] ≤3 ≤5 ≤5 ≤5 C3225X5R0J107MT C3225X5R0J476MT C3225X5R1C226MT C3225X5R1C106MT 3 N/ R [1] The total capacitance is slightly lower than 1,500 µF, but is acceptable based on the combined ripple current rating. [2] A ceramic capacitor may be used to complement electrolytic types at the input to further reduce high-frequency ripple current North America (USA): 1-888-41-ASTEC Europe (UK): 44(1384)842-211 Asia (HK): 852-2437-9662 Application Notes ATH30T033 & ATH30T05 Series Adjusting the Output Voltage of the ATH30T033 & ATH30T05 Wide-Output Adjust Power Modules The Vo Adjust control (pin 4) sets the output voltage of the ATH30T033 and ATH30T05 products to a value higher than 0.8 V. The adjustment range of the ATH30T033 (3.3-V input) is from 0.8 V to 2.5 V 1, and the ATH30T05 (5-V input) from 0.8 V to 3.6 V. For an output voltage other than 0.8 V a single external resistor, Rset, must be connected directly between the Vo Adjust and GND pins 2. Table 2-1 gives the preferred value of the external resistor for a number of standard voltages, along with the actual output voltage that this resistance value provides. For other output voltages the value of the required resistor can either be calculated using the following formula, or simply selected from the range of values given in Table 2-2. Figure 2-1 shows the placement of the required resistor. Rset = 10 kΩ · 0.8 V Vout – 0.8 V – 2.49 kΩ Table 2-1; Preferred Values of Rset for Standard Output Voltages Vout (Standard) Rset (Pref’d Value) 3.3 V 1 2.5 V 2V 1.8 V 1.5 V 1.2 V 1V 0.8 V 698 Ω 2.21 kΩ 4.12 kΩ 5.49 kΩ 8.87 kΩ 17.4 kΩ 36.5 kΩ Open Vout (Actual) 3.309V 2.502 V 2.010 V 1.803 V 1.504 V 1.202 V 1.005 V 0.8 V Figure 2-1; Vo Adjust Resistor Placement Vo Sense 13 12 11 Table 2-2; Output Voltage Set-Point Resistor Values Va Req’d 0.800 0.825 0.850 0.875 0.900 0.925 0.950 0.975 1.000 1.025 1.050 1.075 1.100 1.125 1.150 1.175 1.200 1.225 1.250 1.275 1.300 1.325 1.350 1.375 1.400 1.425 1.450 1.475 1.50 1.55 1.60 1.65 1.70 1.75 1.80 1.85 1.90 1.95 Rset Va Req’d Open 318 kΩ 158 kΩ 104 kΩ 77.5 kΩ 61.5 kΩ 50.8 kΩ 43.2 kΩ 37.5 kΩ 33.1 kΩ 29.5 kΩ 26.6 kΩ 24.2 kΩ 22.1 kΩ 20.4 kΩ 18.8 kΩ 17.5 kΩ 16.3 kΩ 15.3 kΩ 14.4 kΩ 13.5 kΩ 12.7 kΩ 12.1 kΩ 11.4 kΩ 10.8 kΩ 10.3 kΩ 9.82 kΩ 9.36 kΩ 8.94 kΩ 8.18 kΩ 7.51 kΩ 6.92 kΩ 6.4 kΩ 5.93 kΩ 5.51 kΩ 5.13 kΩ 4.78 kΩ 4.47 kΩ 2.00 2.05 2.10 2.15 2.20 2.25 2.30 2.35 2.40 2.45 2.50 2.55 2.60 2.65 2.70 2.75 2.80 2.85 2.90 2.95 3.00 3.05 3.10 3.15 3.20 3.25 3.30 3.35 3.40 3.45 3.50 3.55 3.60 Rset 4.18 kΩ 3.91 kΩ 3.66 kΩ 3.44 kΩ 3.22 kΩ 3.03 kΩ 2.84 kΩ 2.67 kΩ 2.51 kΩ 2.36 kΩ 2.22 kΩ 2.08 kΩ 1.95 kΩ 1.83 kΩ 1.72 kΩ 1.61 kΩ 1.51 kΩ 1.41 kΩ 1.32 kΩ 1.23 kΩ 1.15 kΩ 1.07 kΩ 988 Ω 914 Ω 843 Ω 775 Ω 710 Ω 647 Ω 587 Ω 529 Ω 473 Ω 419 Ω 367 Ω 6 Sense ATH30T05-9S PTH05030W GND 1, 3, 7 VO 8, 9 VOUT GND Adjust 10 5 R SET 1 %, 0.1 W COUT 330 µF (Optional) Notes: 1. Modules that operate from a 3.3-V input bus should not be adjusted higher than 2.5 V. 2. Use a 0.1 W resistor. The tolerance should be 1 %, with temperature stability of 100 ppm/°C (or better). Place the resistor as close to the regulator as possible. Connect the resistor directly between pins 5 and 10 using dedicated PCB traces. 3. Never connect capacitors from Vo Adjust to either GND or Vout. Any capacitance added to the Vo Adjust pin will affect the stability of the regulator. GND GND North America (USA): 1-888-41-ASTEC Europe (UK): 44(1384)842-211 Asia (HK): 852-2437-9662 Application Notes ATH Series of Wide-Output Adjust Power Modules (3.3/5-V Input) Point-of-Load Alliance The ATH family of non-isolated, wide-output adjust power modules are optimized for applications that require a flexible, high performance module that is small in size. These products are part of the “Point-of-Load Alliance” (POLA), which ensures compatible footprint, interoperability and true second sourcing for customer design flexibility. The POLA is a collaboration between Texas Instruments, Artesyn Technologies, and Astec Power to offer customers advanced non-isolated modules that provide the same functionality and form factor. Product series covered by the alliance includes the ATH06 (6 A), ATH10 (10 A), ATH12/15 (12/15 A), ATH18/22 (18/22 A), and the ATH26/30 (26/30 A). From the basic, “Just Plug it In” functionality of the 6-A modules, to the 30-A rated feature-rich ATH30, these products were designed to be very flexible, yet simple to use. The features vary with each product. Table 3-1 provides a quick reference to the available features by product and input bus voltage. ATH18/22 and ATH26/30 products incorporate over-temperature shutdown protection. All of the products referenced in Table 3-1 include Auto-Track™. This is a feature unique to the ATH family, and was specifically designed to simplify the task of sequencing the supply voltage in a power system. These and other features are described in the following sections. Soft-Start Power Up The Auto-Track™ feature allows the power-up of multiple ATH modules to be directly controlled from the Track pin. However in a stand-alone configuration, or when the Auto-Track™ feature is not being used, the Track pin should be directly connected to the input voltage, Vin (see Figure 3-1). Figure 3–1 10 5V 2 Table 3-1; Operating Features by Series and Input Bus Voltage VIN Inhibit 3.3 V / 5 V 15 A 12 V 12 A 3.3 V / 5 V 22 A 12 V 18 A 3.3 V / 5 V 30 A 12 V 26 A Pre-Bias Startup • • • • • • Thermal Shutdown 12 V 10 8 AA • • • • • • • • • • Output Sense 10 A • • • • • • • • • • Margin Up/Down PTHxx030 ATH26/30 6A 3.3 V / 5 V • • • • • • • • • • Auto-Track™ PTHxx020 ATH18/22 12 V Over-Current PTHxx010 ATH12/15 6A On/Off Inhibit PTHxx060 ATH10 I OUT 3.3 V / 5 V Adjust (Trim) + PTHxx050 ATH06 Input Bus • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 8 5 Track Sense PTH05020W ATH22T05-9S 3 Series 9 Up Dn 3.3 V 6 Adjust GND 1 VO 7 CIN 1,000 µF 4 + Features of the ATH Family of Non-Isolated Wide Output Adjust Power Modules RSET, 698 0.1 W, 1 % COUT 330 µF GND GND When the Track pin is connected to the input voltage the Auto-Track™ function is permanently disengaged. This allows the module to power up entirely under the control of its internal soft-start circuitry. When power up is under soft-start control, the output voltage rises to the set-point at a quicker and more linear rate. Figure 3–2 Vin (1 V/Div) Vout (1 V/Div) For simple point-of-use applications, the ATH06 provides operating features such as an on/off inhibit, output voltage trim, pre-bias startup (3.3/5-V input only), and over-current protection. The ATH10 (10 A), and ATH12/ 15 (12/15 A) include an output voltage sense, and margin up/down controls. Then the higher output current, Iin (5 A/Div) HORIZ SCALE: 5 ms/Div North America (USA): 1-888-41-ASTEC Europe (UK): 44(1384)842-211 Asia (HK): 852-2437-9662 Application Notes ATH Series of Wide-Output Adjust Power Modules (3.3/5-V Input) From the moment a valid input voltage is applied, the soft-start control introduces a short time delay (typically 5 ms-10 ms) before allowing the output voltage to rise. The output then progressively rises to the module’s setpoint voltage. Figure 3-2 shows the soft-start power-up characteristic of the 22-A output product (ATH22T05-9S), operating from a 5-V input bus and configured for a 3.3-V output. The waveforms were measured with a 5-A resistive load, with Auto-Track™ disabled. The initial rise in input current when the input voltage first starts to rise is the charge current drawn by the input capacitors. Power-up is complete within 15 ms. The power modules function normally when the Inhibit pin is left open-circuit, providing a regulated output whenever a valid source voltage is connected to Vin with respect to GND. Figure 3-3 shows the typical application of the inhibit function. Note the discrete transistor (Q1). The Inhibit control has its own internal pull-up to Vin potential. The input is not compatible with TTL logic devices. An opencollector (or open-drain) discrete transistor is recommended for control. Figure 3–3 Vo Sense Over-Current Protection The ATH18/22 and ATH26/30 series of products have over-temperature protection. These products have an on-board temperature sensor that protects the module’s internal circuitry against excessively high temperatures. A rise in the internal temperature may be the result of a drop in airflow, or a high ambient temperature. If the internal temperature exceeds the OTP threshold, the module’s Inhibit control is automatically pulled low. This turns the output off. The output voltage will drop as the external output capacitors are discharged by the load circuit. The recovery is automatic, and begins with a soft-start power up. It occurs when the the sensed temperature decreases by about 10 °C below the trip point. VIN 2 9 5 8 1 7 4 RSET Q1 BSS138 VOUT 6 PTH05020W ATH22T05-9S 3 CIN 1,000 µF + Over-Temperature Protection 10 COUT 330 µF + For protection against load faults, all modules incorporate output over-current protection. Applying a load that exceeds the regulator’s over-current threshold will cause the regulated output to shut down. Following shutdown a module will periodically attempt to recover by initiating a soft-start power-up. This is described as a “hiccup” mode of operation, whereby the module continues in a cycle of successive shutdown and power up until the load fault is removed. During this period, the average current flowing into the fault is significantly reduced. Once the fault is removed, the module automatically recovers and returns to normal operation. L O A D 1 =Inhibit GND GND Turning Q1 on applies a low voltage to the Inhibit control and disables the output of the module. If Q1 is then turned off, the module will execute a soft-start power-up. A regulated output voltage is produced within 20 msec. Figure 3-4 shows the typical rise in both the output voltage and input current, following the turn-off of Q1. The turn off of Q1 corresponds to the rise in the waveform, Q1 Vds. The waveforms were measured with a 5-A load. Figure 3–4 Note: The over-temperature protection is a last resort mechanism to prevent thermal stress to the regulator. Operation at or close to the thermal shutdown temperature is not recommended and will reduce the long-term reliability of the module. Always operate the regulator within the specified Safe Operating Area (SOA) limits for the worst-case conditions of ambient temperature and airflow. Vo (2V/Div) Iin (2A/Div) Output On/Off Inhibit Q1Vds (5V/Div) For applications requiring output voltage on/off control, each series of the ATH family incorporates an output Inhibit control pin. The inhibit feature can be used wherever there is a requirement for the output voltage from the regulator to be turned off. North America (USA): 1-888-41-ASTEC HORIZ SCALE: 10ms/Div Europe (UK): 44(1384)842-211 Asia (HK): 852-2437-9662 Application Notes ATH Series of Wide-Output Adjust Power Modules (3.3/5-V Input) Auto-Track™ Function The Auto-Track™ function is unique to the ATH family, and is available with the all “Point-of-Load Alliance” (POLA) products. Auto-Track™ was designed to simplify the amount of circuitry required to make the output voltage from each module power up and power down in sequence. The sequencing of two or more supply voltages during power up is a common requirement for complex mixed-signal applications, that use dual-voltage VLSI ICs such as DSPs, micro-processors, and ASICs. How Auto-Track™ Works Auto-Track™ works by forcing the module’s output voltage to follow a voltage presented at the Track control pin. This control range is limited to between 0 V and the module’s set-point voltage. Once the track-pin voltage is raised above the set-point voltage, the module’s output remains at its set-point 1. As an example, if the Track pin of a 2.5-V regulator is at 1 V, the regulated output will be 1 V. But if the voltage at the Track pin rises to 3 V, the regulated output will not go higher than 2.5 V. When under track control, the regulated output from the module follows the voltage at its Track pin on a voltfor-volt basis. By connecting the Track pin of a number of these modules together, the output voltages will follow a common signal during power-up and power-down. The control signal can be an externally generated master ramp waveform, or the output voltage from another power supply circuit 3. For convenience the Track control incorporates an internal RC charge circuit. This operates off the module’s input voltage to provide a suitable rising voltage ramp waveform. Typical Application The basic implementation of Auto-Track™ allows for simultaneous voltage sequencing of a number of AutoTrack™ compliant modules. Connecting the Track control pins of two or more modules forces the Track control of all modules to follow the same collective RC ramp waveform, and allows them to be controlled through a single transistor or switch; Q1 in Figure 3-5. To initiate a power-up sequence the Track control must first pulled to ground potential. This should be done at or before input power is applied to the modules, and then held for at least 10 ms thereafter. This brief period gives the modules time to complete their internal soft-start initialization, which enables them to produce an output voltage. Applying a logic-level high signal to the circuit’s On/Off Control turns Q1 on and applies a ground signal to the Track control. After completing their internal soft-start intialization, the output of all modules will remain at zero volts while Q1 is on. 10 ms after a valid input voltage has been applied to all modules, Q1 can be turned off. This allows the track control voltage to automatically rise toward to the modules' input voltage. During this period the output voltage of each module will rise in unison with other modules, to its respective set-point voltage. North America (USA): 1-888-41-ASTEC Figure 3-6 shows the output voltage waveforms from the circuit of Figure 3-5 after the On/Off Control is set from a high to a low-level voltage. The waveforms, Vo1 and Vo2 represent the output voltages from the two power modules, U1 (3.3 V) and U2 (1.8 V) respectively. Vo1 and Vo2 are shown rising together to produce the desired simultaneous power-up characteristic. The same circuit also provides a power-down sequence. Power down is the reverse of power up, and is accomplished by lowering the track control voltage back to zero volts. The important constraint is that a valid input voltage must be maintained until the power down is complete. It also requires that Q1 be turned off relatively slowly. This is so that the Track control voltage does not fall faster than Auto-Track's slew rate capability, which is 1 V/ms. The components R1 and C1 in Figure 3-5 limit the rate at which Q1 can pull down the Track control voltage. The values of 100 k-ohm and 0.1 µF correlate to a decay rate of about 0.17 V/ms. The power-down sequence is initiated with a low-to-high transition at the On/Off Control input to the circuit. Figure 3-7 shows the power-down waveforms. As the Track control voltage falls below the nominal set-point voltage of each power module, then its output voltage decays with all the other modules under Auto-Track™ control. Notes on Use of Auto-Track™ 1. The Track pin voltage must be allowed to rise above the module’s set-point voltage before the module can regulate at its adjusted set-point voltage. 2. The Auto-Track™ function will track almost any voltage ramp during power up, and is compatible with ramp speeds of up to 1 V/ms. 3. The absolute maximum voltage that may be applied to the Track pin is Vin. 4. The module will not follow a voltage at its Track control input until it has completed its soft-start initialization. This takes about 10 ms from the time that the module has sensed that a valid voltage has been applied its input. During this period, it is recommended that the Track pin be held at ground potential. 5. The module is capable of both sinking and sourcing current when following a voltage at its Track pin. Therefore startup into an output prebias is not supported during Auto-Track™ control. Note: A pre-bias holdoff is not necessary when all supply voltages rise simultaneously under the control of Auto-Track™. 6. The Auto-Track™ function can be disabled by connecting the Track pin to the input voltage (Vin). With Auto-Track™ disabled, the output voltage will rise at a quicker and more linear rate after **Auto-Track is a trademark of Texas Intruments, Inc. Europe (UK): 44(1384)842-211 Asia (HK): 852-2437-9662 Application Notes ATH Series of Wide-Output Adjust Power Modules (3.3/5-V Input) Figure 3–5; Sequenced Power Up & Power Down Using Auto-Track U1 10 9 8 5 Track Inhibit + CIN PTH05020W ATH22T05-9S VIN VO Vo1 =3.3 V 6 GND 3 7 1 COUT 4 R2 698 + 2 +5 V C1 0.1 µF U2 9 8 5 Track 2 CIN 0V Figure 3–6; Simultaneous Power Up with Auto-Track™ Control + R1 100 k 10 Q1 BSS138 ATH15T05-9S PTH05010W VIN Inhibit 3 VO Vo2 =1.8 V 6 GND 1 7 4 R3 5k49 COUT + On/Off Control 1 = Power Down 0 = Power Up Figure 3–7; Simultaneous Power Down with Auto-Track™ Control Vo1 (1 V/Div) Vo1 (1 V/Div) Vo2 (1 V/Div) Vo2 (1 V/Div) On/Off Input (5 V/Div) On/Off Input (5 V/Div) HORIZ SCALE: 10 ms/Div HORIZ SCALE: 10 ms/Div North America (USA): 1-888-41-ASTEC Europe (UK): 44(1384)842-211 Asia (HK): 852-2437-9662 Application Notes ATH Series of Wide-Output Adjust Power Modules (3.3/5-V Input) Margin Up/Down Controls Notes: The ATH10 (10A), ATH12/15 (12/15A), ATH18/22 (18/ 22A) and ATH26/30 (26/30A) products incorporate Margin Up and Margin Down control inputs. These controls allow the output voltage to be momentarily adjusted 1, either up or down, by a nominal 5 %. This provides a convenient method for dynamically testing the operation of the load circuit over its supply margin or range. It can also be used to verify the function of supply voltage supervisors. The ±5 % change is applied to the adjusted output voltage, as set by the external resistor, Rset at the Vo Adjust pin. The 5 % adjustment is made by pulling the appropriate margin control input directly to the GND terminal 2. A low-leakage open-drain device, such as an n-channel MOSFET or p-channel JFET is recommended for this purpose 3. Adjustments of less than 5 % can also be accommodated by adding series resistors to the control inputs. The value of the resistor can be selected from Table 3-2, or calculated using the following formula. Up/Down Adjust Resistance Calculation 1. The Margin Up* and Margin Dn* controls were not intended to be activated simultaneously. If they are their affects on the output voltage may not completely cancel, resulting in the possibility of a slightly higher error in the output voltage set point. 2. The ground reference should be a direct connection to the module GND at pin 7 (pin 1 for the ATH06). This will produce a more accurate adjustment at the load circuit terminals. The transistors Q1 and Q2 should be located close to the regulator. 3. The Margin Up and Margin Dn control inputs are not compatible with devices that source voltage. This includes TTL logic. These are analog inputs and should only be controlled with a true open-drain device (preferably a discrete MOSFET transistor). The device selected should have low off-state leakage current. Each input sources 8 µA when grounded, and has an open-circuit voltage of 0.8 V. To reduce the margin adjustment to something less than 5 %, series resistors are required (See RD and RU in Figure 3-8). For the same amount of adjustment, the resistor value calculated for RU and RD will be the same. The formulas is as follows. RU or RD = 499 ∆% – 99.8 Table 3-2; Margin Up/Down Resistor Values % Adjust 5 4 3 2 1 kΩ Where ∆% = The desired amount of margin adjust in percent. RU / RD 0.0 kΩ 24.9 kΩ 66.5 kΩ 150.0 kΩ 397.0 kΩ Figure 3–8; Margin Up/Down Application Schematic 10 9 8 1 7 PTH05010W ATH15T05-9S (Top View) VIN 0V 2 RD 4 MargUp 5 RU RSET 0.1 W, 1 % Cin MargDn +VOUT 6 3 + +Vo + Cout Q2 GND North America (USA): 1-888-41-ASTEC L O A D Q1 GND Europe (UK): 44(1384)842-211 Asia (HK): 852-2437-9662 Application Notes ATH Series of Wide-Output Adjust Power Modules (3.3/5-V Input) Pre-Bias Startup Capability Notes Only selected products in the ATH family incorporate this capability. Consult Table 3-1 to identify which products are compliant. 1. Startup includes the short delay (approx. 10 ms) prior to the output voltage rising, followed by the rise of the output voltage under the module’s internal soft-start control. Startup is complete when the output voltage has risen to either the setpoint voltage or the voltage at the Track pin, whichever is lowest. A pre-bias startup condition occurs as a result of an external voltage being present at the output of a power module prior to its output becoming active. This often occurs in complex digital systems when current from another power source is backfed through a dual-supply logic component, such as an FPGA or ASIC. Another path might be via clamp diodes as part of a dual-supply power-up sequencing arrangement. A prebias can cause problems with power modules that incorporate synchronous rectifiers. This is because under most operating conditions, these types of modules can sink as well as source output current. 2. To ensure that the regulator does not sink current when power is first applied (even with a ground signal applied to the Inhibit control pin), the input voltage must always be greater than the output voltage throughout the power-up and power-down sequence. 3. The Auto-Track™ function can be disabled at power up by immediately applying a voltage to the module’s Track pin that is greater than its set-point voltage. This can be easily accomplished by connecting the Track pin to Vin. The ATH family of power modules incorporate synchronous rectifiers, but will not sink current during startup 1, or whenever the Inhibit pin is held low. However, to ensure satisfactory operation of this function, certain conditions must be maintained. 2 Figure 3-9 shows an application demonstrating the pre-bias startup capability. The startup waveforms are shown in Figure 3-10. Note that the output current from the ATH15T033 (Io) shows negligible current until its output voltage rises above that backfed through diodes D1 and D2. Figure 3–10; Pre-Bias Startup Waveforms Vin (1 V/Div) Note: The pre-bias start-up feature is not compatible with Auto-Track™. When the module is under Auto-Track™ control, it will sink current if the output voltage is below that of a back-feeding source. To ensure a pre-bias hold-off one of two approaches must be followed when input power is applied to the module. The Auto-Track™ function must either be disabled 3, or the module’s output held off (for at least 50 ms) using the Inhibit pin. Either approach ensures that the Track pin voltage is above the set-point voltage at start up. Vo (1 V/Div) Io (5 A/Div) HORIZ SCALE: 5 ms/Div Figure 3–9; Application Circuit Demonstrating Pre-Bias Startup VIN = 3.3 V 10 9 5 8 Track 2 VIN Sense ATH15T033-9S PTH03010W Inhibit 3 GND 1 VO Vo = 2.5 V 6 + Vadj 7 Io 4 VCCIO VCORE + CIN 330 µF North America (USA): 1-888-41-ASTEC R2 2k21 + COUT 330 µF Europe (UK): 44(1384)842-211 ASIC Asia (HK): 852-2437-9662 Application Notes ATH Series of Wide-Output Adjust Power Modules (3.3/5-V Input) Remote Sense The ATH10, ATH12/15, ATH18/22, and ATH26/30 products incorporate an output voltage sense pin, Vo Sense. The Vo Sense pin should be connected to Vout at the load circuit (see data sheet standard application). A remote sense improves the load regulation performance of the module by allowing it to compensate for any ‘IR’ voltage drop between itself and the load. An IR drop is caused by the high output current flowing through the small amount of pin and trace resistance. Use of the remote sense is optional. If not used, the V o Sense pin can be left open-circuit. An internal low-value resistor (15-Ω or less) is connected between the Vo Sense and Vout. This ensures the output voltage remains in regulation. With the sense pin connected, the difference between the voltage measured directly between the Vout and GND pins, and that measured from V o Sense to GND, is the amount of IR drop being compensated by the regulator. This should be limited to a maximum of 0.3 V. Note: The remote sense feature is not designed to compensate for the forward drop of non-linear or frequency dependent components that may be placed in series with the converter output. Examples include OR-ing diodes, filter inductors, ferrite beads, and fuses. When these components are enclosed by the remote sense connection they are effectively placed inside the regulation control loop, which can adversely affect the stability of the regulator. North America (USA): 1-888-41-ASTEC Europe (UK): 44(1384)842-211 Asia (HK): 852-2437-9662