Order this document by MOC3051/D SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNICAL DATA [IFT = 15 mA Max] GlobalOptoisolator ! ! " [IFT = 10 mA Max] *Motorola Preferred Device (600 Volts Peak) The MOC3051 Series consists of a GaAs infrared LED optically coupled to a non–Zero–crossing silicon bilateral AC switch (triac). The MOC3051 Series isolates low voltage logic from 115 and 240 Vac lines to provide random phase control of high current triacs or thyristors. The MOC3051 Series features greatly enhanced static dv/dt capability to ensure stable switching performance of inductive loads. STYLE 6 PLASTIC 6 • To order devices that are tested and marked per VDE 0884 requirements, the suffix ”V” must be included at end of part number. VDE 0884 is a test option. 1 STANDARD THRU HOLE CASE 730A–04 Recommended for 115/240 Vac(rms) Applications: • Solenoid/Valve Controls • Lamp Ballasts • Static AC Power Switch • Interfacing Microprocessors to 115 and 240 Vac Peripherals • • • • Solid State Relays Incandescent Lamp Dimmers Temperature Controls COUPLER SCHEMATIC 1 6 2 5 3 4 Motor Controls MAXIMUM RATINGS (TA = 25°C unless otherwise noted) Symbol Value Unit Reverse Voltage VR 3 Volts Forward Current — Continuous IF 60 mA Total Power Dissipation @ TA = 25°C Negligible Power in Triac Driver Derate above 25°C PD 100 mW 1.33 mW/°C Rating INFRARED EMITTING DIODE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ANODE CATHODE NC MAIN TERMINAL SUBSTRATE DO NOT CONNECT 6. MAIN TERMINAL OUTPUT DRIVER Off–State Output Terminal Voltage VDRM 600 Volts Peak Repetitive Surge Current (PW = 100 µs, 120 pps) ITSM 1 A PD 300 4 mW mW/°C VISO 7500 Vac(pk) Total Power Dissipation @ TA = 25°C Derate above 25°C PD 330 4.4 mW mW/°C Junction Temperature Range TJ – 40 to +100 °C Ambient Operating Temperature Range (2) TA – 40 to +85 °C Tstg – 40 to +150 °C Total Power Dissipation @ TA = 25°C Derate above 25°C TOTAL DEVICE Isolation Surge Voltage (1) (Peak ac Voltage, 60 Hz, 1 Second Duration) Storage Temperature Range(2) Soldering Temperature (10 s) TL 260 °C 1. Isolation surge voltage, VISO, is an internal device dielectric breakdown rating. 1. For this test, Pins 1 and 2 are common, and Pins 4, 5 and 6 are common. 2. Refer to Quality and Reliability Section in Opto Data Book for information on test conditions. Preferred devices are Motorola recommended choices for future use and best overall value. GlobalOptoisolator is a trademark of Motorola, Inc. (Replaces MOC3050/D) Optoelectronics Device Data Motorola Motorola, Inc. 1995 1 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TA = 25°C unless otherwise noted) Characteristic Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Reverse Leakage Current (VR = 3 V) IR — 0.05 100 µA Forward Voltage (IF = 10 mA) VF — 1.15 1.5 Volts Peak Blocking Current, Either Direction (Rated VDRM, Note 1) @ IFT per device IDRM — 10 100 nA Peak On–State Voltage, Either Direction (ITM = 100 mA Peak) VTM — 1.7 2.5 Volts Critical Rate of Rise of Off–State Voltage @ 400 V (Refer to test circuit, Figure 10) dv/dt static 1000 — — V/µs — — — — 15 10 — 280 — INPUT LED OUTPUT DETECTOR (IF = 0 unless otherwise noted) COUPLED LED Trigger Current, Either Direction, Current Required to Latch Output (Main Terminal Voltage = 3 V, Note 2) MOC3051 MOC3052 IFT Holding Current, Either Direction IH mA µA 1. Test voltage must be applied within dv/dt rating. 2. All devices are guaranteed to trigger at an IF value less than or equal to max IFT. Therefore, recommended operating IF lies between max 2. 15 mA for MOC3051, 10 mA for 3052 and absolute max IF (60 mA). TYPICAL ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS TA = 25°C 1000 2 1.8 ITM, ON–STATE CURRENT (mA) VF, FORWARD VOLTAGE (VOLTS) 800 PULSE ONLY PULSE OR DC 1.6 1.4 TA = – 40°C 1.2 25°C 1 10 100 IF, LED FORWARD CURRENT (mA) Figure 1. LED Forward Voltage versus Forward Current 2 400 200 0 – 200 – 400 – 600 – 800 85°C 1 600 1000 –1000 –6 –4 –2 0 2 VTM, ON–STATE VOLTAGE (VOLTS) 4 6 Figure 2. On–State Characteristics Motorola Optoelectronics Device Data TYPICAL ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS TA = 25°C IFT versus Temperature (normalized) This graph shows the increase of the trigger current when the device is expected to operate at an ambient temperature below 25°C. Multiply the normalized IFT shown on this graph with the data sheet guaranteed IFT. IFT, LED TRIGGER CURRENT (mA) 1.6 NORMALIZED TO TA = 25°C 1.4 1.2 Example: TA = – 40°C, IFT = 10 mA IFT @ – 40°C = 10 mA x 1.4 = 14 mA 1 0.8 0.6 – 40 – 30 – 20 –10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 TA, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) 70 80 IFT, NORMALIZED LED TRIGGER CURRENT Figure 3. Trigger Current versus Temperature 25 Phase Control Considerations NORMALIZED TO: PWin ≥ 100 µs 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 5 10 20 50 PWin, LED TRIGGER PULSE WIDTH (µs) Figure 4. LED Current Required to Trigger versus LED Pulse Width AC SINE 0° 100 LED Trigger Current versus PW (normalized) Random Phase Triac drivers are designed to be phase controllable. They may be triggered at any phase angle within the AC sine wave. Phase control may be accomplished by an AC line zero cross detector and a variable pulse delay generator which is synchronized to the zero cross detector. The same task can be accomplished by a microprocessor which is synchronized to the AC zero crossing. The phase controlled trigger current may be a very short pulse which saves energy delivered to the input LED. LED trigger pulse currents shorter than 100 µs must have an increased amplitude as shown on Figure 4. This graph shows the dependency of the trigger current IFT versus the pulse width t (PW). The reason for the IFT dependency on the pulse width can be seen on the chart delay t(d) versus the LED trigger current. IFT in the graph IFT versus (PW) is normalized in respect to the minimum specified IFT for static condition, which is specified in the device characteristic. The normalized IFT has to be multiplied with the devices guaranteed static trigger current. Example: Guaranteed IFT = 10 mA, Trigger pulse width PW = 3 µs IFT (pulsed) = 10 mA x 5 = 50 mA 180° LED PW LED CURRENT LED TURN OFF MIN 200 µs Figure 5. Minimum Time for LED Turn–Off to Zero Cross of AC Trailing Edge Motorola Optoelectronics Device Data Minimum LED Off Time in Phase Control Applications In Phase control applications one intends to be able to control each AC sine half wave from 0 to 180 degrees. Turn on at zero degrees means full power and turn on at 180 degree means zero power. This is not quite possible in reality because triac driver and triac have a fixed turn on time when activated at zero degrees. At a phase control angle close to 180 degrees the driver’s turn on pulse at the trailing edge of the AC sine wave must be limited to end 200 µs before AC zero cross as shown in Figure 5. This assures that the triac driver has time to switch off. Shorter times may cause loss of control at the following half cycle. 3 TYPICAL ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS TA = 25°C 1 100 I DRM, LEAKAGE CURRENT (nA) I H, HOLDING CURRENT (mA) 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 10 0.1 0 – 40 – 30 – 20 –10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 TA, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) 70 80 IFT, LED TRIGGER CURRENT (NORMALIZED) Figure 6. Holding Current, IH versus Temperature NORMALIZED TO: IFT at 3 V 1.3 1.2 1.1 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 dv/dt (V/µs) Figure 8. ED Trigger Current, IFT, versus dv/dt 4 70 80 Figure 7. Leakage Current, IDRM versus Temperature 1.5 1.4 1 – 40 – 30 – 20 –10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 TA, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) IFT versus dv/dt Triac drivers with good noise immunity (dv/dt static) have internal noise rejection circuits which prevent false triggering of the device in the event of fast raising line voltage transients. Inductive loads generate a commutating dv/dt that may activate the triac drivers noise suppression circuits. This prevents the device from turning on at its specified trigger current. It will in this case go into the mode of “half waving” of the load. Half waving of the load may destroy the power triac and the load. Figure 8 shows the dependency of the triac drivers IFT versus the reapplied voltage rise with a Vp of 400 V. This dv/dt condition simulates a worst case commutating dv/dt amplitude. It can be seen that the IFT does not change until a commutating dv/dt reaches 1000 V/µs. Practical loads generate a commutating dv/dt of less than 50 V/µs. The data sheet specified IFT is therefore applicable for all practical inductive loads and load factors. Motorola Optoelectronics Device Data TYPICAL ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS TA = 25°C t(delay), t(f) versus IFT The triac driver’s turn on switching speed consists of a turn on delay time t(d) and a fall time t(f). Figure 9 shows that the delay time depends on the LED trigger current, while the actual trigger transition time t(f) stays constant with about one micro second. The delay time is important in very short pulsed operation because it demands a higher trigger current at very short trigger pulses. This dependency is shown in the graph IFT versus LED PW. The turn on transition time t(f) combined with the power triac’s turn on time is important to the power dissipation of this device. t(delay) AND t(fall) ( µ s) 100 t(d) 10 t(f) 1 0.1 10 20 30 40 50 IFT, LED TRIGGER CURRENT (mA) 60 Switching Time Test Circuit SCOPE Figure 9. Delay Time, t(d), and Fall Time, t(f), versus LED Trigger Current ZERO CROSS DETECTOR IFT 115 VAC VTM EXT. SYNC FUNCTION GENERATOR t(d) t(f) Vout VTM ISOL. TRANSF. 10 kΩ PHASE CTRL. PW CTRL. PERIOD CTRL. Vo AMPL. CTRL. IFT DUT AC 100 Ω +400 Vdc PULSE INPUT APPLIED VOLTAGE WAVEFORM RTEST MERCURY WETTED RELAY R = 1 kΩ CTEST 252 V D.U.T. 1. The mercury wetted relay provides a high speed repeated pulse to the D.U.T. 2. 100x scope probes are used, to allow high speeds and X100 voltages. SCOPE 3. The worst–case condition for static dv/dt is established by PROBE triggering the D.U.T. with a normal LED input current, then removing the current. The variable RTEST allows the dv/dt to be gradually increased until the D.U.T. continues to trigger in response to the applied voltage pulse, even after the LED current has been removed. The dv/dt is then decreased until the D.U.T. stops triggering. τRC is measured at this point and Vmax = 400 V recorded. dv/dt = 0 VOLTS τRC 0.63 Vmax τRC = 252 τRC Figure 10. Static dv/dt Test Circuit Motorola Optoelectronics Device Data 5 APPLICATIONS GUIDE Basic Triac Driver Circuit The new random phase triac driver family MOC3052 and MOC3051 are very immune to static dv/dt which allows snubberless operations in all applications where external generated noise in the AC line is below its guaranteed dv/dt withstand capability. For these applications a snubber circuit is not necessary when a noise insensitive power triac is used. Figure 11 shows the circuit diagram. The triac driver is directly connected to the triac main terminal 2 and a series Resistor R which limits the current to the triac driver. Current limiting resistor R must have a minimum value which restricts the current into the driver to maximum 1A. VCC TRIAC DRIVER RLED POWER TRIAC AC LINE R CONTROL Q LOAD RLED = (VCC – VF LED – Vsat Q)/IFT R = Vp AC line/ITSM RET. Figure 11. Basic Driver Circuit R = Vp AC/ITM max rep. = Vp AC/1A The power dissipation of this current limiting resistor and the triac driver is very small because the power triac carries the load current as soon as the current through driver and current limiting resistor reaches the trigger current of the power triac. The switching transition times for the driver is only one micro second and for power triacs typical four micro seconds. Triac Driver Circuit for Noisy Environments When the transient rate of rise and amplitude are expected to exceed the power triacs and triac drivers maximum ratings a snubber circuit as shown in Figure 12 is recommended. Fast transients are slowed by the R–C snubber and excessive amplitudes are clipped by the Metal Oxide Varistor MOV. VCC RLED TRIAC DRIVER POWER TRIAC RS R AC LINE MOV CS CONTROL LOAD RET. Typical Snubber values RS = 33 Ω, CS = 0.01 µF MOV (Metal Oxide Varistor) protects triac and driver from transient overvoltages >VDRM max. Figure 12. Triac Driver Circuit for Noisy Environments Triac Driver Circuit for Extremely Noisy Environments, as specified in the noise standards IEEE472 and IEC255–4. Industrial control applications do specify a maximum transient noise dv/dt and peak voltage which is superimposed onto the AC line voltage. In order to pass this environment noise test a modified snubber network as shown in Figure 13 is recommended. POWER TRIAC VCC RLED TRIAC DRIVER R RS MOV AC LINE CS CONTROL LOAD RET. Recommended snubber to pass IEEE472 and IEC255–4 noise tests RS = 47 W, CS = 0.01 mF Figure 13. Triac Driver Circuit for Extremely Noisy Environments 6 Motorola Optoelectronics Device Data PACKAGE DIMENSIONS –A– 6 NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH. 3. DIMENSION L TO CENTER OF LEAD WHEN FORMED PARALLEL. 4 –B– 1 3 F 4 PL C N –T– L K SEATING PLANE J 6 PL 0.13 (0.005) G M E 6 PL D 6 PL 0.13 (0.005) M T A M B M T B M A M DIM A B C D E F G J K L M N M INCHES MIN MAX 0.320 0.350 0.240 0.260 0.115 0.200 0.016 0.020 0.040 0.070 0.010 0.014 0.100 BSC 0.008 0.012 0.100 0.150 0.300 BSC 0_ 15 _ 0.015 0.100 STYLE 6: PIN 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. CASE 730A–04 ISSUE G MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 8.13 8.89 6.10 6.60 2.93 5.08 0.41 0.50 1.02 1.77 0.25 0.36 2.54 BSC 0.21 0.30 2.54 3.81 7.62 BSC 0_ 15 _ 0.38 2.54 ANODE CATHODE NC MAIN TERMINAL SUBSTRATE MAIN TERMINAL –A– 6 4 –B– 1 S NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH. 3 F 4 PL L H C –T– G J K 6 PL E 6 PL 0.13 (0.005) D 6 PL 0.13 (0.005) M T A M B M SEATING PLANE T B M A M CASE 730C–04 ISSUE D Motorola Optoelectronics Device Data M DIM A B C D E F G H J K L S INCHES MIN MAX 0.320 0.350 0.240 0.260 0.115 0.200 0.016 0.020 0.040 0.070 0.010 0.014 0.100 BSC 0.020 0.025 0.008 0.012 0.006 0.035 0.320 BSC 0.332 0.390 MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 8.13 8.89 6.10 6.60 2.93 5.08 0.41 0.50 1.02 1.77 0.25 0.36 2.54 BSC 0.51 0.63 0.20 0.30 0.16 0.88 8.13 BSC 8.43 9.90 *Consult factory for leadform option availability 7 NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH. 3. DIMENSION L TO CENTER OF LEAD WHEN FORMED PARALLEL. –A– 6 4 –B– 1 3 L N F 4 PL C –T– SEATING PLANE G J K DIM A B C D E F G J K L N INCHES MIN MAX 0.320 0.350 0.240 0.260 0.115 0.200 0.016 0.020 0.040 0.070 0.010 0.014 0.100 BSC 0.008 0.012 0.100 0.150 0.400 0.425 0.015 0.040 MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 8.13 8.89 6.10 6.60 2.93 5.08 0.41 0.50 1.02 1.77 0.25 0.36 2.54 BSC 0.21 0.30 2.54 3.81 10.16 10.80 0.38 1.02 D 6 PL E 6 PL 0.13 (0.005) M T A M B M *Consult factory for leadform option availability CASE 730D–05 ISSUE D Motorola reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. 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Box 20912; Phoenix, Arizona 85036. 1–800–441–2447 JAPAN: Nippon Motorola Ltd.; Tatsumi–SPD–JLDC, Toshikatsu Otsuki, 6F Seibu–Butsuryu–Center, 3–14–2 Tatsumi Koto–Ku, Tokyo 135, Japan. 03–3521–8315 MFAX: [email protected] – TOUCHTONE (602) 244–6609 INTERNET: http://Design–NET.com HONG KONG: Motorola Semiconductors H.K. Ltd.; 8B Tai Ping Industrial Park, 51 Ting Kok Road, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong. 852–26629298 8 ◊ *MOC3051/D* Motorola OptoelectronicsMOC3051/D Device Data