DS1231/S DS1231/S Power Monitor Chip FEATURES PIN ASSIGNMENT • Warns processor of an impending power failure • Provides time for an orderly shutdown • Prevents processor from destroying nonvolatile memory during power transients • Automatically IN 1 8 VCC MODE 2 7 NMI TOL 3 6 RST 4 5 RST GND restarts processor after power is restored DS1231 8–Pin DIP (300 MIL) See Mech. Drawings Section • Suitable for linear or switching power supplies • Adjusts to hold time of the power supply • Supplies necessary signals for processor interface NC 1 16 NC IN 2 15 VCC 3 14 13 NC 12 NC RST NC NC MODE • Accurate 5% or 10% VCC monitoring • Replaces power-up reset circuitry NC 4 5 TOL 6 • No external capacitors required NC GND 7 11 10 8 9 • Optional 16-pin SOIC surface mount package NMI RST DS1231S 16–Pin SOIC (300 MIL) See Mech. Drawings Section PIN DESCRIPTION IN MODE TOL GND RST RST NMI VCC NC – – – – – – – – – Input Selects input pin characteristics Selects 5% or 10% VCC detect Ground Reset (Active High) Reset (Active Low, open drain) Non–Maskable Interrupt +5V Supply No Connections DESCRIPTION The DS1231 Power Monitor Chip uses a precise temperature-compensated reference circuit which provides an orderly shutdown and an automatic restart of a processor-based system. A signal warning of an impending power failure is generated well before regulated DC voltages go out of specification by monitoring high voltage inputs to the power supply regulators. If line isolation is required a UL-approved opto-isolator can be directly interfaced to the DS1231. The time for processor shutdown is directly proportional to the available hold-up time of the power supply. Just before the hold-up time is exhausted, the Power Monitor unconditionally halts the processor to prevent spurious cycles by enabling Reset as VCC falls below a selectable 5 or 10 percent threshold. When power returns, the processor is held inactive until well after power conditions have stabilized, safeguarding any nonvolatile memory in the system from inadvertent data changes. 022698 1/9 DS1231/S OPERATION The DS1231 Power Monitor detects out-of-tolerance power supply conditions and warns a processor-based system of impending power failure. The main elements of the DS1231 are illustrated in Figure 1. As shown, the DS1231 actually has two comparators, one for monitoring the input (Pin 1) and one for monitoring VCC (Pin 8). The VCC comparator outputs the signals RST (Pin 5) and RST (Pin 6) when VCC falls below a preset trip level as defined by TOL (Pin 3). When TOL is connected to ground, the RST and RST signals will become active as VCC goes below 4.75 volts. When TOL is connected to VCC, the RST and RST signals become active as VCC goes below 4.5 volts. The RST and RST signals are excellent control signals for a microprocessor, as processing is stopped at the last possible moments of valid VCC. On power-up, RST and RST are kept active for a minimum of 150 ms to allow the power supply to stabilize (see Figure 2). The comparator monitoring the input pin produces the NMI signal (Pin 7) when the input threshold voltage (VTP) falls to a level as determined by Mode (Pin 2). When the Mode pin is connected to VCC, detection occurs at VTP-. In this mode Pin 1 is an extremely high impedance input allowing for a simple resistor voltage divider network to interface with high voltage signals. When the Mode pin is connected to ground, detection occurs at VTP+. In this mode Pin 1 sources 30 µA of current allowing for connection to switched inputs, such as a UL-approved opto-isolator. The flexibility of the input pin allows for detection of power loss at the earliest point in a power supply system, maximizing the amount of time allotted between NMI and RST. On power-up, NMI is released as soon as the input threshold voltage (VTP) is achieved and VCC is within nominal limits. In both 022698 2/9 modes of operation the input pin has hysteresis for noise immunity (Figure 3). APPLICATION – MODE PIN CONNECTED TO VCC When the Mode pin is connected to VCC, pin 1 is a high impedance input. The voltage sense point and the level of voltage at the sense point are dependent upon the application (Figure 4). The sense point may be developed from the AC power line by rectifying and filtering the AC. Alternatively, a DC voltage level may be selected which is closer to the AC power input than the regulated +5-volt supply, so that ample time is provided for warning before regulation is lost. Proper operation of the DS1231 requires a maximum voltage of 5 volts at the input (Pin 1), which must be derived from the maximum voltage at the sense point. This is accomplished with a simple voltage divider network of R1 and R2. Since the IN trip point VTP- is 2.3 volts (using the -20 device), and the maximum allowable voltage on pin 1 is 5 volts, the dynamic range of voltage at the sense point is set by the ratio of 2.3/5.0=.46 min. This ratio determines the maximum deviation between the maximum voltage at the sense point and the actual voltage which will generate NMI. Having established the desired ratio, and confirming that the ratio is greater than .46 and less than 1, the proper values for R1 and R2 can be determined by the equation as shown in Figure 4. A simple approach to solving this equation is to select a value for R2 which is high enough impedance to keep power consumption low, and solve for R1. Figure 5 illustrates how the DS1231 can be interfaced to the AC power line when the mode pin is connected to VCC. DS1231/S POWER MONITOR BLOCK DIAGRAM Figure 1 MODE 2 30A IN NMI NMI MODE SELECTION 1 7 GND 4 RST 6 VCC 8 TOL RST VCC TOLERANCE BIAS DIGITAL SAMPLER DIGITAL DELAY 5 3 T.C. REFERENCE POWER-UP RESET Figure 2 MICROPROCESSOR DS1231 IN VCC MODE NMI TOL RST GND RST +5V NC RST 8051 µP (-5% VCC THRESHOLD) 022698 3/9 DS1231/S INPUT PIN HYSTERESIS Figure 3 NMI MODE = GND, VCC = +5V VOH –20 –35 –50 VTP- 2.3 2.15 2.0 VTP+ 2.5 2.5 2.5 VOL VTP- NMI VTP+ VIN VTP+ VIN NOTE: HYSTERESIS TOLERANCE IS +60 mV MODE = VCC, VCC = +5V VOH VOL VTP- APPLICATION WITH MODE PIN CONNECTED TO VCC Figure 4 VOLTAGE SENSE POINT DS1231 R1 +5V IN VCC MODE NMI TOL RST GND RST +5V R2 TO P (-5% VCC THRESHOLD) V SENSE R1 R2 X 2.3 R2 V MAX V SENSE X 5.0 VTP EXAMPLE: V SENSE = 8 VOLTS AT TRIP POINT AND A MAXIMUM VOLTAGE OF 17.5V WITH R2 = 10K THEN 8 R1 10K X 2.3 10K NOTE: RST requires a pull–up resister. 022698 4/9 R1 = 25K DS1231/S APPLICATION – MODE PIN CONNECTED TO GROUND When the Mode pin is connected to ground, pin 1 is a current source of 30 µA with a VTP+ of 2.5 volts. Pin 1 is held below the trip point by a switching device like an opto-isolator as shown in Figure 6. Determination of the sense point has the same criteria as discussed in the previous application. However, determining component values is significantly different. In this mode, the maximum dynamic range of the sense point versus desired trip voltage is primarily determined by the selection of a zener diode. As an example, if the maximum voltage at the sense point is 200V and the desired trip point is 150V, then a zener diode of 150V will approximately set the trip point. This is particularly true if power consumption on the high voltage side of the opto-isolator is not an issue. However, if power consumption is a concern, then it is desirable to make the value of R1 high. As the value of R1 increases, the effect of the LED current in the opto-isolator starts to affect the IN trip point. This can be seen from the equation shown in Figure 6. R1 must also be low enough to allow the opto-isolator to sink the 30 µA of collector current required by pin 1 and still have enough resistance to keep the maximum current through the opto-isolator’s LED within data sheet limits. Figure 7 illustrates how the DS1231 can be interfaced to the AC power line when the mode pin is grounded. AC VOLTAGE MONITOR WITH TRANSFORMER ISOLATION Figure 5 VOLTAGE SENSE POINT DS1231 +5VDC -10% VCC THRESHOLD IN VCC MODE NMI TOL RST GND RST +5VDC TO µ P NOTE: RST requires a pull–up resister. 022698 5/9 DS1231/S APPLICATION WITH MODE PIN GROUNDED Figure 6 VOLTAGE SENSE POINT -5% VCC THRESHOLD R1 DS1231 IF +5VDC IN VCC MODE NMI TOL RST GND RST IC TO µ P VOLTAGE SENSE POINT (TRIP VALUE) VZ IC X R1 CTR CTR IC CTR CURRENT TRANSFER RATIO IF VZ ZENNER VOLTAGE EXAMPLE: CTR = 0.2 IC = 30 µA IF = 150 µA VOLTAGE SENSE POINT = 105 AND VZ = 100 VOLTS THEN 105 100 30 x R1 0.2 R1 33K NOTE: RST requires a pull–up resister. AC VOLTAGE MONITOR WITH OPTO-ISOLATION Figure 7 DS1231 AC LINE INPUT NOTE: RST requires a pull–up resister. 022698 6/9 IN VCC MODE NMI TOL RST GND RST -5% VCC THRESHOLD +5VDC TO µ P DS1231/S ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS* Voltage on VCC Pin Relative to Ground Voltage on I/O Relative to Ground Operating Temperature Operating Temperature (Industrial Version) Storage Temperature Soldering Temperature -0.5V to +7.0V -0.5V to VCC + 0.5V 0°C to 70°C –40°C to +85°C -55°C to +125°C 260°C for 10 seconds * This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operation sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods of time may affect reliability. RECOMMENDED DC OPERATING CONDITIONS (0°C to 70°C) PARAMETER SYMBOL MIN TYP MAX UNITS NOTES Supply Voltage VCC 4.5 5.0 5.5 V 1 Input Pin 1 VIN VCC V 1 DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS PARAMETER SYMBOL (0°C to 70°C; VCC = 4.5 to 5.5V) MIN TYP MAX UNITS NOTES 0.4 V 1 V 1, 6 µA 2 5 Low Level @ RST VOL Output Voltage @ –500 µA VOH VCC–0.5V Input Leakage IIL -10 Output Current @2.4V IOH 1.0 2.0 mA Output Current @0.4V IOL 2.0 3.0 mA Operating Current ICC Input Pin 1 (Mode=GND) IC Input Pin 1 (Mode=VCC) IC IN Trip Piont (Mode=GND) VTP IN Trip Point (Mode=VCC) VTP 15 VCC–0.1V +10 0.5 2.0 mA 25 50 µA 0.1 µA See Figure 3 3 1 1 VCC Trip Point (TOL=GND) VCCTP 4.50 4.62 4.74 V 1 VCC Trip Point (TOL=VCC) VCCTP 4.25 4.37 4.49 V 1 SYMBOL MIN TYP MAX UNITS CIN 5 pF COUT 7 pF CAPACITANCE PARAMETER Input Capacitance Output Capacitance (TA = 25°C) NOTES 022698 7/9 DS1231/S AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS PARAMETER (0°C to 70°C; VCC = 5V + 10%) SYMBOL VTP to NMI Delay MIN TYP tIPD VCC Slew Rate 4.75-4.25V tF MAX UNITS 1.1 µs NOTES µs 300 VCC Detect to RST and RST tRPD 100 ns VCC Detect to NMI tIPU 200 µs 4 VCC Detect to RST and RST tRPU 150 1000 ms 4 tR 0 VCC Slew Rate 4.25-4.75V 500 ns NOTES: 1. All voltages referenced to ground. 2. VCC = +5.0 volts with outputs open. 3. Measured with outputs open. 4. tR = 5 µs. 5. RST is an open drain output and requires a pull–up resister. 6. RST remains within 0.5V of VCC on power–down until VCC drops below 2.0V. RST remains within 0.5V of GND on power–down until VCC drops below 2.0V. TIMING DIAGRAM: POWER-UP VTP MODE=VCC INPUT PIN 1 MODE=GND tR VCC 4.5V 4.25V 4.75V tIPU VOH NMI tRPU RST VOH RST 022698 8/9 VOL DS1231/S TIMING DIAGRAM: POWER-DOWN INPUT PIN 1 MODE=VCC VTP INPUT PIN 1 MODE=GND VTP tIPD NMI VOL tF VCC 4.75V VCCTP 4.25V tRPD RST RST SLEWS WITH VCC VOH RST VOL 022698 9/9