Technical Note – Linux IPm List of Linux Commands in an IPm Directory structure for Executables bin: ash busybox cat chgrp chmod chown cp cpio date dd df dmesg echo egrep false getopt grep gunzip gzip hostname kill ln login ls mkdir mknod mktemp more mount mv perl pidof ping ps pwd rm rmdir sed sh sleep stty sync tar touch true umount uname usleep vi zcat usr/bin: [ basename chvt clear cmp cut dc deallocvt dirname dos2unix du env expr find free gdbserver head hostid id killall length logger logname md5sum mkfifo nc nslookup passwd perl printf rdate renice reset sort tail tee telnet test tftp tr traceroute tty uniq unix2dos uptime uudecode uuencode wc wget which whoami xargs yes usr/sbin: adduser chat chroot ftpd inetd iptables iptables-restore iptables-save mgetty pppd telnetd sbin: dhcp_up dhcpcd freeramdisk getty halt hwclock ifconfig init insmod klogd ldconfig losetup lsmod makedevs mke2fs mkswap modprobe portmap poweroff reboot rmmod route shutdown swapoff swapon syslogd telinit SOLUTIONS FOR YOUR INDUSTRIAL NETWORKING CHALLENGES Sixnet, LLC y 331 Ushers Road y Ballston Lake, NY 12019 y USA 1.518.877.5173 y Fax 1.518.877.8346 y www.sixnet.com List of Linux Commands in an IPm 6/26/03 Page 2 of 7 Description of Executables Path: bin ash: command interpreter (version of sh) cat: concatenate files and prints them to stdout chgrp: change the group membership of a file to a group chmod: change the mode of a file chown: change the owner or group for a selected file cp: copies files/directories from a selected source to a selected destination cpio: extract or list the contents of a cpio archive date: displays or sets current system date dd: to make a copy of the input file using a select set of conditions, and places the output to a file. df: reports the number of free disk blocks on currently mounted systems. dmesg: prints/control the kernel ring buffer echo: prints specified args to stdout egrep: search one or more files for lines that match a given regular expression false: returns exit code of false getopt: process a command line argument and check if it is legitimate grep: search for a pattern in a file gunzip: uncompress a zipped file gzip: compress a file with maximum compression hostname: get or set a dns hostname/dns domain name kill: send a signal to a process (e.g. SIGTERM) ln: create or change a given link to a specified target login: to sign on and identify yourself to the system. ls: list files in a directory according to specified arguments. mkdir: create a directory mnod: to create a special file mktemp: create a temp file based on a template more: used to view a screenful at a time SOLUTIONS FOR YOUR INDUSTRIAL NETWORKING CHALLENGES Sixnet, LLC y 331 Ushers Road y Ballston Lake, NY 12019 y USA 1.518.877.5173 y Fax 1.518.877.8346 y www.sixnet.com List of Linux Commands in an IPm 6/26/03 Page 3 of 7 mount: used to mount a file system mv: used to move files or directories from specified source to a specified destination perl: convenient/powerful scripting language pidof: lists the pids of processes that match the name specified ping: used to send icmp packets to network hosts ps: report process status pwd: print the full file name of the working directory rm: remove one or more files rmdir: remove selected directories sed: stream editor, to edit one or more files without user interaction sh: standard command interpreter. sleep: wait a specified amount of seconds to execute a given command. stty: set terminal i/o options for the current device sync: write buffered file system blocks to disk tar: to create, extract, or list the contents of a tar file. touch: update access time and modification times for selected files true: return exit code of true umount: unmount selected file system uname: print system information usleep: pause for a given amount of microseconds vi: text editor zcat: uncompress to stdout. SOLUTIONS FOR YOUR INDUSTRIAL NETWORKING CHALLENGES Sixnet, LLC y 331 Ushers Road y Ballston Lake, NY 12019 y USA 1.518.877.5173 y Fax 1.518.877.8346 y www.sixnet.com List of Linux Commands in an IPm 6/26/03 Page 4 of 7 Path: Usr/bin basename: given a pathname, strip contents out except for just the file name (printed to stdout) chvt: changes foreground virtual terminal to /dev/tty[arg0] clear: clear the terminal display cmp: compare file1 to file2 cut: select a list of columns or fields from one or more files. dc: calculator program deallocvt: deallocate an unused virtual terminal. dirname: strips non-directory suffix from given filename. dos2unix: converts a file from dos format to unix format. du: summarizes disk space used for each file or directory. env: prints/sets the current environment or executing a command under modified environment. expr: evaluate arguments as expressions and print the result find: utility to find groups of files. free: displays the amount of free system and used system memory. gdbserver: for use with remote debugging. head: print first few lines of one or more files. hostid: prints unique 32-bit identifier for the current machine. id: print information regarding specified username. killall: send the signal SIGTERM to specified processes length: prints the length of a specified string logger: write specified message to system log logname: prints the name of the current user md5sum: used for bit for bit comparison against source and target files. mkfifo: create named pipes with specified names nc: opens pipe to IP port nslookup: queries name server for IP address passwd: create or change a password associated with a user name perl: convenient/powerful scripting language SOLUTIONS FOR YOUR INDUSTRIAL NETWORKING CHALLENGES Sixnet, LLC y 331 Ushers Road y Ballston Lake, NY 12019 y USA 1.518.877.5173 y Fax 1.518.877.8346 y www.sixnet.com List of Linux Commands in an IPm 6/26/03 Page 5 of 7 printf: prints arguments according to specified arguments rdate: get and possibly set system time from a remote host renice: changes the priority of processes that are currently running reset: resets the screen sort: sorts lines of text in specified files tail: prints last 10 lines of specified file to stdout tee: copy standard input to specified file and stdout telnet: used to interactively communicate with a remote computer test: checks file types and compares values by returning appropriate exit codes. tftp: transfer a file to/from a tftp server tr: translate/modify characters from standard input and writing to stdout. traceroute: trace the route that ip packets follow to host tty: print the file name connected to standard input. uniq: remove adjacent identical lines from a sorted file and sending it to an output file. unix2dos: converts a file from unix format to dos format. uptime: displays the time since the last boot uudecode: decode a uuencoded file uuencode: encode a file with uuencoding wc: print a character, word, and line count for files. wget: retrieve files through http or ftp which: locates a command whoami: prints current username based on current userid xargs: execute a command, but the remaining arguments are read from standard input instead of specifying them directly. yes: repeatedly output a line with specified strings. SOLUTIONS FOR YOUR INDUSTRIAL NETWORKING CHALLENGES Sixnet, LLC y 331 Ushers Road y Ballston Lake, NY 12019 y USA 1.518.877.5173 y Fax 1.518.877.8346 y www.sixnet.com List of Linux Commands in an IPm 6/26/03 Page 6 of 7 Path: Usr/sbin adduser: Used to add new users chat: chat program chroot: run a specified command given a specified root directory. ftpd: Internet file transfer protocol server. inetd: Internet services daemon. iptables: Used to help protect networks, filter protocols, ports and routing. iptables-restore: Used to restore IP tables from data specified from STDIN. iptables-save: Used to dump the contents of an IP table to STDOUT. mgetty: Used for PPP support. pppd: point to point protocol daemon. telnetd: telnet protocol server. SOLUTIONS FOR YOUR INDUSTRIAL NETWORKING CHALLENGES Sixnet, LLC y 331 Ushers Road y Ballston Lake, NY 12019 y USA 1.518.877.5173 y Fax 1.518.877.8346 y www.sixnet.com List of Linux Commands in an IPm 6/26/03 Page 7 of 7 Path: Sbin dhcp_up: Starts and manages DHCP dhcpcd: Implementation of a DHCP client freeramdisk: program to release reserved blocks when done with them. getty: used to set terminal mode halt: Halts the system. hwclock: Tool used to access hardware clock. ifconfig: Used to configure network interface parameters. init: the parent of all processes insmod: Install loadable kernel module. makedevs: Makes the device tree mke2fs: Create a Linux second extended file system mkswap: Sets up a Linux swap area on a device or in a file modprobe: High level handling of Linux loadable modules. portmap: Server that converts RPC numbers to DARPA protocol port numbers. poweroff: Halts the system and request that the system shut off power. reboot: Reboots the system. rmmod: unloads specified modules from kernel route: Edit the kernel’s routing tables shutdown: brings the system down in a secure way. swapoff: stop swapping to file or device swapon: start swapping to file or device syslogd: log system messages telinit: process control initialization. SOLUTIONS FOR YOUR INDUSTRIAL NETWORKING CHALLENGES Sixnet, LLC y 331 Ushers Road y Ballston Lake, NY 12019 y USA 1.518.877.5173 y Fax 1.518.877.8346 y www.sixnet.com